exiftool_vendored 9.45.0 → 9.46.0

data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.46/lib/Image/ExifTool/RIFF.pm

@@ -0,0 +1,1332 @@
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# File:         RIFF.pm
+#
+# Description:  Read RIFF/WAV/AVI meta information
+#
+# Revisions:    09/14/2005 - P. Harvey Created
+#
+# References:   1) http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF
+#               2) http://www.vlsi.fi/datasheets/vs1011.pdf
+#               3) http://www.music-center.com.br/spec_rif.htm
+#               4) http://www.codeproject.com/audio/wavefiles.asp
+#               5) http://msdn.microsoft.com/archive/en-us/directx9_c/directx/htm/avirifffilereference.asp
+#               6) http://research.microsoft.com/invisible/tests/riff.h.htm
+#               7) http://www.onicos.com/staff/iz/formats/wav.html
+#               8) http://graphics.cs.uni-sb.de/NMM/dist-0.9.1/Docs/Doxygen/html/mmreg_8h-source.html
+#               9) http://developers.videolan.org/vlc/vlc/doc/doxygen/html/codecs_8h-source.html
+#              10) http://wiki.multimedia.cx/index.php?title=TwoCC
+#              11) Andreas Winter (SCLive) private communication
+#              12) http://abcavi.kibi.ru/infotags.htm
+#              13) http://tech.ebu.ch/docs/tech/tech3285.pdf
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+package Image::ExifTool::RIFF;
+
+use strict;
+use vars qw($VERSION);
+use Image::ExifTool qw(:DataAccess :Utils);
+
+$VERSION = '1.37';
+
+sub ConvertTimecode($);
+
+# recognized RIFF variants
+my %riffType = (
+    'WAVE' => 'WAV', 'AVI ' => 'AVI', 'WEBP' => 'WEBP',
+    'LA02' => 'LA',  'LA03' => 'LA',  'LA04' => 'LA',
+    'OFR ' => 'OFR', 'LPAC' => 'PAC', 'wvpk' => 'WV',
+);
+
+# MIME types of recognized RIFF-format files
+my %riffMimeType = (
+    WAV  => 'audio/x-wav',
+    AVI  => 'video/x-msvideo',
+    WEBP => 'image/webp',
+    LA   => 'audio/x-nspaudio',
+    OFR  => 'audio/x-ofr',
+    PAC  => 'audio/x-lpac',
+    WV   => 'audio/x-wavpack',
+);
+
+%Image::ExifTool::RIFF::audioEncoding = ( #2
+    Notes => 'These "TwoCC" audio encoding codes are used in RIFF and ASF files.',
+    0x01 => 'Microsoft PCM',
+    0x02 => 'Microsoft ADPCM',
+    0x03 => 'Microsoft IEEE float',
+    0x04 => 'Compaq VSELP', #4
+    0x05 => 'IBM CVSD', #4
+    0x06 => 'Microsoft a-Law',
+    0x07 => 'Microsoft u-Law',
+    0x08 => 'Microsoft DTS', #4
+    0x09 => 'DRM', #4
+    0x0a => 'WMA 9 Speech', #9
+    0x0b => 'Microsoft Windows Media RT Voice', #10
+    0x10 => 'OKI-ADPCM',
+    0x11 => 'Intel IMA/DVI-ADPCM',
+    0x12 => 'Videologic Mediaspace ADPCM', #4
+    0x13 => 'Sierra ADPCM', #4
+    0x14 => 'Antex G.723 ADPCM', #4
+    0x15 => 'DSP Solutions DIGISTD',
+    0x16 => 'DSP Solutions DIGIFIX',
+    0x17 => 'Dialoic OKI ADPCM', #6
+    0x18 => 'Media Vision ADPCM', #6
+    0x19 => 'HP CU', #7
+    0x1a => 'HP Dynamic Voice', #10
+    0x20 => 'Yamaha ADPCM', #6
+    0x21 => 'SONARC Speech Compression', #6
+    0x22 => 'DSP Group True Speech', #6
+    0x23 => 'Echo Speech Corp.', #6
+    0x24 => 'Virtual Music Audiofile AF36', #6
+    0x25 => 'Audio Processing Tech.', #6
+    0x26 => 'Virtual Music Audiofile AF10', #6
+    0x27 => 'Aculab Prosody 1612', #7
+    0x28 => 'Merging Tech. LRC', #7
+    0x30 => 'Dolby AC2',
+    0x31 => 'Microsoft GSM610',
+    0x32 => 'MSN Audio', #6
+    0x33 => 'Antex ADPCME', #6
+    0x34 => 'Control Resources VQLPC', #6
+    0x35 => 'DSP Solutions DIGIREAL', #6
+    0x36 => 'DSP Solutions DIGIADPCM', #6
+    0x37 => 'Control Resources CR10', #6
+    0x38 => 'Natural MicroSystems VBX ADPCM', #6
+    0x39 => 'Crystal Semiconductor IMA ADPCM', #6
+    0x3a => 'Echo Speech ECHOSC3', #6
+    0x3b => 'Rockwell ADPCM',
+    0x3c => 'Rockwell DIGITALK',
+    0x3d => 'Xebec Multimedia', #6
+    0x40 => 'Antex G.721 ADPCM',
+    0x41 => 'Antex G.728 CELP',
+    0x42 => 'Microsoft MSG723', #7
+    0x43 => 'IBM AVC ADPCM', #10
+    0x45 => 'ITU-T G.726', #9
+    0x50 => 'Microsoft MPEG',
+    0x51 => 'RT23 or PAC', #7
+    0x52 => 'InSoft RT24', #4
+    0x53 => 'InSoft PAC', #4
+    0x55 => 'MP3',
+    0x59 => 'Cirrus', #7
+    0x60 => 'Cirrus Logic', #6
+    0x61 => 'ESS Tech. PCM', #6
+    0x62 => 'Voxware Inc.', #6
+    0x63 => 'Canopus ATRAC', #6
+    0x64 => 'APICOM G.726 ADPCM',
+    0x65 => 'APICOM G.722 ADPCM',
+    0x66 => 'Microsoft DSAT', #6
+    0x67 => 'Micorsoft DSAT DISPLAY', #6
+    0x69 => 'Voxware Byte Aligned', #7
+    0x70 => 'Voxware AC8', #7
+    0x71 => 'Voxware AC10', #7
+    0x72 => 'Voxware AC16', #7
+    0x73 => 'Voxware AC20', #7
+    0x74 => 'Voxware MetaVoice', #7
+    0x75 => 'Voxware MetaSound', #7
+    0x76 => 'Voxware RT29HW', #7
+    0x77 => 'Voxware VR12', #7
+    0x78 => 'Voxware VR18', #7
+    0x79 => 'Voxware TQ40', #7
+    0x7a => 'Voxware SC3', #10
+    0x7b => 'Voxware SC3', #10
+    0x80 => 'Soundsoft', #6
+    0x81 => 'Voxware TQ60', #7
+    0x82 => 'Microsoft MSRT24', #7
+    0x83 => 'AT&T G.729A', #7
+    0x84 => 'Motion Pixels MVI MV12', #7
+    0x85 => 'DataFusion G.726', #7
+    0x86 => 'DataFusion GSM610', #7
+    0x88 => 'Iterated Systems Audio', #7
+    0x89 => 'Onlive', #7
+    0x8a => 'Multitude, Inc. FT SX20', #10
+    0x8b => 'Infocom ITS A/S G.721 ADPCM', #10
+    0x8c => 'Convedia G729', #10
+    0x8d => 'Not specified congruency, Inc.', #10
+    0x91 => 'Siemens SBC24', #7
+    0x92 => 'Sonic Foundry Dolby AC3 APDIF', #7
+    0x93 => 'MediaSonic G.723', #8
+    0x94 => 'Aculab Prosody 8kbps', #8
+    0x97 => 'ZyXEL ADPCM', #7,
+    0x98 => 'Philips LPCBB', #7
+    0x99 => 'Studer Professional Audio Packed', #7
+    0xa0 => 'Malden PhonyTalk', #8
+    0xa1 => 'Racal Recorder GSM', #10
+    0xa2 => 'Racal Recorder G720.a', #10
+    0xa3 => 'Racal G723.1', #10
+    0xa4 => 'Racal Tetra ACELP', #10
+    0xb0 => 'NEC AAC NEC Corporation', #10
+    0xff => 'AAC', #10
+    0x100 => 'Rhetorex ADPCM', #6
+    0x101 => 'IBM u-Law', #3
+    0x102 => 'IBM a-Law', #3
+    0x103 => 'IBM ADPCM', #3
+    0x111 => 'Vivo G.723', #7
+    0x112 => 'Vivo Siren', #7
+    0x120 => 'Philips Speech Processing CELP', #10
+    0x121 => 'Philips Speech Processing GRUNDIG', #10
+    0x123 => 'Digital G.723', #7
+    0x125 => 'Sanyo LD ADPCM', #8
+    0x130 => 'Sipro Lab ACEPLNET', #8
+    0x131 => 'Sipro Lab ACELP4800', #8
+    0x132 => 'Sipro Lab ACELP8V3', #8
+    0x133 => 'Sipro Lab G.729', #8
+    0x134 => 'Sipro Lab G.729A', #8
+    0x135 => 'Sipro Lab Kelvin', #8
+    0x136 => 'VoiceAge AMR', #10
+    0x140 => 'Dictaphone G.726 ADPCM', #8
+    0x150 => 'Qualcomm PureVoice', #8
+    0x151 => 'Qualcomm HalfRate', #8
+    0x155 => 'Ring Zero Systems TUBGSM', #8
+    0x160 => 'Microsoft Audio1', #8
+    0x161 => 'Windows Media Audio V2 V7 V8 V9 / DivX audio (WMA) / Alex AC3 Audio', #10
+    0x162 => 'Windows Media Audio Professional V9', #10
+    0x163 => 'Windows Media Audio Lossless V9', #10
+    0x164 => 'WMA Pro over S/PDIF', #10
+    0x170 => 'UNISYS NAP ADPCM', #10
+    0x171 => 'UNISYS NAP ULAW', #10
+    0x172 => 'UNISYS NAP ALAW', #10
+    0x173 => 'UNISYS NAP 16K', #10
+    0x174 => 'MM SYCOM ACM SYC008 SyCom Technologies', #10
+    0x175 => 'MM SYCOM ACM SYC701 G726L SyCom Technologies', #10
+    0x176 => 'MM SYCOM ACM SYC701 CELP54 SyCom Technologies', #10
+    0x177 => 'MM SYCOM ACM SYC701 CELP68 SyCom Technologies', #10
+    0x178 => 'Knowledge Adventure ADPCM', #10
+    0x180 => 'Fraunhofer IIS MPEG2AAC', #10
+    0x190 => 'Digital Theater Systems DTS DS', #10
+    0x200 => 'Creative Labs ADPCM', #6
+    0x202 => 'Creative Labs FASTSPEECH8', #6
+    0x203 => 'Creative Labs FASTSPEECH10', #6
+    0x210 => 'UHER ADPCM', #8
+    0x215 => 'Ulead DV ACM', #10
+    0x216 => 'Ulead DV ACM', #10
+    0x220 => 'Quarterdeck Corp.', #6
+    0x230 => 'I-Link VC', #8
+    0x240 => 'Aureal Semiconductor Raw Sport', #8
+    0x241 => 'ESST AC3', #10
+    0x250 => 'Interactive Products HSX', #8
+    0x251 => 'Interactive Products RPELP', #8
+    0x260 => 'Consistent CS2', #8
+    0x270 => 'Sony SCX', #8
+    0x271 => 'Sony SCY', #10
+    0x272 => 'Sony ATRAC3', #10
+    0x273 => 'Sony SPC', #10
+    0x280 => 'TELUM Telum Inc.', #10
+    0x281 => 'TELUMIA Telum Inc.', #10
+    0x285 => 'Norcom Voice Systems ADPCM', #10
+    0x300 => 'Fujitsu FM TOWNS SND', #6
+    0x301 => 'Fujitsu (not specified)', #10
+    0x302 => 'Fujitsu (not specified)', #10
+    0x303 => 'Fujitsu (not specified)', #10
+    0x304 => 'Fujitsu (not specified)', #10
+    0x305 => 'Fujitsu (not specified)', #10
+    0x306 => 'Fujitsu (not specified)', #10
+    0x307 => 'Fujitsu (not specified)', #10
+    0x308 => 'Fujitsu (not specified)', #10
+    0x350 => 'Micronas Semiconductors, Inc. Development', #10
+    0x351 => 'Micronas Semiconductors, Inc. CELP833', #10
+    0x400 => 'Brooktree Digital', #6
+    0x401 => 'Intel Music Coder (IMC)', #10
+    0x402 => 'Ligos Indeo Audio', #10
+    0x450 => 'QDesign Music', #8
+    0x500 => 'On2 VP7 On2 Technologies', #10
+    0x501 => 'On2 VP6 On2 Technologies', #10
+    0x680 => 'AT&T VME VMPCM', #7
+    0x681 => 'AT&T TCP', #8
+    0x700 => 'YMPEG Alpha (dummy for MPEG-2 compressor)', #10
+    0x8ae => 'ClearJump LiteWave (lossless)', #10
+    0x1000 => 'Olivetti GSM', #6
+    0x1001 => 'Olivetti ADPCM', #6
+    0x1002 => 'Olivetti CELP', #6
+    0x1003 => 'Olivetti SBC', #6
+    0x1004 => 'Olivetti OPR', #6
+    0x1100 => 'Lernout & Hauspie', #6
+    0x1101 => 'Lernout & Hauspie CELP codec', #10
+    0x1102 => 'Lernout & Hauspie SBC codec', #10
+    0x1103 => 'Lernout & Hauspie SBC codec', #10
+    0x1104 => 'Lernout & Hauspie SBC codec', #10
+    0x1400 => 'Norris Comm. Inc.', #6
+    0x1401 => 'ISIAudio', #7
+    0x1500 => 'AT&T Soundspace Music Compression', #7
+    0x181c => 'VoxWare RT24 speech codec', #10
+    0x181e => 'Lucent elemedia AX24000P Music codec', #10
+    0x1971 => 'Sonic Foundry LOSSLESS', #10
+    0x1979 => 'Innings Telecom Inc. ADPCM', #10
+    0x1c07 => 'Lucent SX8300P speech codec', #10
+    0x1c0c => 'Lucent SX5363S G.723 compliant codec', #10
+    0x1f03 => 'CUseeMe DigiTalk (ex-Rocwell)', #10
+    0x1fc4 => 'NCT Soft ALF2CD ACM', #10
+    0x2000 => 'FAST Multimedia DVM', #7
+    0x2001 => 'Dolby DTS (Digital Theater System)', #10
+    0x2002 => 'RealAudio 1 / 2 14.4', #10
+    0x2003 => 'RealAudio 1 / 2 28.8', #10
+    0x2004 => 'RealAudio G2 / 8 Cook (low bitrate)', #10
+    0x2005 => 'RealAudio 3 / 4 / 5 Music (DNET)', #10
+    0x2006 => 'RealAudio 10 AAC (RAAC)', #10
+    0x2007 => 'RealAudio 10 AAC+ (RACP)', #10
+    0x2500 => 'Reserved range to 0x2600 Microsoft', #10
+    0x3313 => 'makeAVIS (ffvfw fake AVI sound from AviSynth scripts)', #10
+    0x4143 => 'Divio MPEG-4 AAC audio', #10
+    0x4201 => 'Nokia adaptive multirate', #10
+    0x4243 => 'Divio G726 Divio, Inc.', #10
+    0x434c => 'LEAD Speech', #10
+    0x564c => 'LEAD Vorbis', #10
+    0x5756 => 'WavPack Audio', #10
+    0x674f => 'Ogg Vorbis (mode 1)', #10
+    0x6750 => 'Ogg Vorbis (mode 2)', #10
+    0x6751 => 'Ogg Vorbis (mode 3)', #10
+    0x676f => 'Ogg Vorbis (mode 1+)', #10
+    0x6770 => 'Ogg Vorbis (mode 2+)', #10
+    0x6771 => 'Ogg Vorbis (mode 3+)', #10
+    0x7000 => '3COM NBX 3Com Corporation', #10
+    0x706d => 'FAAD AAC', #10
+    0x7a21 => 'GSM-AMR (CBR, no SID)', #10
+    0x7a22 => 'GSM-AMR (VBR, including SID)', #10
+    0xa100 => 'Comverse Infosys Ltd. G723 1', #10
+    0xa101 => 'Comverse Infosys Ltd. AVQSBC', #10
+    0xa102 => 'Comverse Infosys Ltd. OLDSBC', #10
+    0xa103 => 'Symbol Technologies G729A', #10
+    0xa104 => 'VoiceAge AMR WB VoiceAge Corporation', #10
+    0xa105 => 'Ingenient Technologies Inc. G726', #10
+    0xa106 => 'ISO/MPEG-4 advanced audio Coding', #10
+    0xa107 => 'Encore Software Ltd G726', #10
+    0xa109 => 'Speex ACM Codec xiph.org', #10
+    0xdfac => 'DebugMode SonicFoundry Vegas FrameServer ACM Codec', #10
+    0xe708 => 'Unknown -', #10
+    0xf1ac => 'Free Lossless Audio Codec FLAC', #10
+    0xfffe => 'Extensible', #7
+    0xffff => 'Development', #4
+);
+
+# RIFF info
+%Image::ExifTool::RIFF::Main = (
+    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::RIFF::ProcessChunks,
+    NOTES => q{
+        The RIFF container format is used various types of fines including WAV, AVI,
+        WEBP, LA, OFR, PAC and WV.  According to the EXIF specification, Meta
+        information is embedded in two types of RIFF C<LIST> chunks: C<INFO> and
+        C<exif>, and information about the audio content is stored in the C<fmt >
+        chunk.  As well as this information, some video information and proprietary
+        manufacturer-specific information is also extracted.
+        
+        Large AVI videos may be a concatenation of two or more RIFF chunks.
+        For these files, information is extracted from subsequent RIFF
+        chunks as sub-documents, but the Duration is calculated for the full
+        video.
+    },
+    # (not 100% sure that the concatination technique mentioned above is valid - PH)
+   'fmt ' => {
+        Name => 'AudioFormat',
+        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::RIFF::AudioFormat' },
+    },
+   'bext' => {
+        Name => 'BroadcastExtension',
+        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::RIFF::BroadcastExt' },
+    },
+    LIST_INFO => {
+        Name => 'Info',
+        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::RIFF::Info' },
+    },
+    LIST_exif => {
+        Name => 'Exif',
+        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::RIFF::Exif' },
+    },
+    EXIF => { # WEBP Exif tags
+        Name => 'EXIF',
+        Notes => 'EXIF extracted from WEBP images',
+        SubDirectory => {
+            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Exif::Main',
+            ProcessProc => \&Image::ExifTool::ProcessTIFF,
+        },
+    },
+    LIST_hdrl => { # AVI header LIST chunk
+        Name => 'Hdrl',
+        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::RIFF::Hdrl' },
+    },
+    LIST_Tdat => { #PH (Adobe CS3 Bridge)
+        Name => 'Tdat',
+        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::RIFF::Tdat' },
+    },
+    LIST_ncdt => { #PH (Nikon metadata)
+        Name => 'NikonData',
+        SubDirectory => {
+            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Nikon::AVI',
+            # define ProcessProc here so we don't need to load RIFF.pm from Nikon.pm
+            ProcessProc => \&Image::ExifTool::RIFF::ProcessChunks,
+        },
+    },
+    LIST_hydt => { #PH (Pentax metadata)
+        Name => 'PentaxData',
+        SubDirectory => {
+            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Pentax::AVI',
+            ProcessProc => \&Image::ExifTool::RIFF::ProcessChunks,
+        },
+    },
+    JUNK => [
+        {
+            Name => 'OlympusJunk',
+            Condition => '$$valPt =~ /^OLYMDigital Camera/',
+            SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Olympus::AVI' },
+        },
+        {
+            Name => 'CasioJunk',
+            Condition => '$$valPt =~ /^QVMI/',
+            # Casio stores standard EXIF-format information in AVI videos (EX-S600)
+            SubDirectory => {
+                TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Exif::Main',
+                DirName => 'IFD0',
+                Multi => 0, # (IFD1 is not written)
+                Start => 10,
+                ByteOrder => 'BigEndian',
+            },
+        },
+        {
+            Name => 'RicohJunk',
+            # the Ricoh Caplio GX stores sub-chunks in here
+            Condition => '$$valPt =~ /^ucmt/',
+            SubDirectory => {
+                TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Ricoh::AVI',
+                ProcessProc => \&Image::ExifTool::RIFF::ProcessChunks,
+            },
+        },
+        {
+            Name => 'PentaxJunk', # (Optio RS1000)
+            Condition => '$$valPt =~ /^IIII\x01\0/',
+            SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Pentax::Junk' },
+        },
+        {
+            Name => 'PentaxJunk2', # (Optio RZ18)
+            Condition => '$$valPt =~ /^PENTDigital Camera/',
+            SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Pentax::Junk2' },
+        },
+        {
+            Name => 'TextJunk',
+            # try to interpret unknown junk as an ASCII string
+            RawConv => '$val =~ /^([^\0-\x1f\x7f-\xff]+)\0*$/ ? $1 : undef',
+        }
+    ],
+    _PMX => { #PH (Adobe CS3 Bridge)
+        Name => 'XMP',
+        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::XMP::Main' },
+    },
+    JUNQ => { #PH (Adobe CS3 Bridge)
+        # old XMP is preserved when metadata is replaced in Bridge
+        Name => 'OldXMP',
+        Binary => 1,
+    },
+    olym => {
+        Name => 'Olym',
+        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Olympus::WAV' },
+    },
+    'VP8 ' => { # (WEBP images)
+        Name => 'VP8Bitstream',
+        Condition => '$$valPt =~ /^...\x9d\x01\x2a/s',
+        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::RIFF::VP8' },
+    },
+);
+
+# the maker notes used by some digital cameras
+%Image::ExifTool::RIFF::Junk = (
+    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::ProcessBinaryData,
+    GROUPS => { 2 => 'Audio' },
+);
+
+# Format and Audio Stream Format chunk data
+%Image::ExifTool::RIFF::AudioFormat = (
+    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::ProcessBinaryData,
+    GROUPS => { 2 => 'Audio' },
+    FORMAT => 'int16u',
+    0 => {
+        Name => 'Encoding',
+        PrintHex => 1,
+        PrintConv => \%Image::ExifTool::RIFF::audioEncoding,
+        SeparateTable => 'AudioEncoding',
+    },
+    1 => 'NumChannels',
+    2 => {
+        Name => 'SampleRate',
+        Format => 'int32u',
+    },
+    4 => {
+        Name => 'AvgBytesPerSec',
+        Format => 'int32u',
+    },
+   # uninteresting
+   # 6 => 'BlockAlignment',
+    7 => 'BitsPerSample',
+);
+
+# Broadcast Audio Extension 'bext' information (ref 13)
+%Image::ExifTool::RIFF::BroadcastExt = (
+    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::ProcessBinaryData,
+    GROUPS => { 2 => 'Audio' },
+    NOTES => q{
+        Information found in the Broadcast Audio Extension chunk (see
+        L<http://tech.ebu.ch/docs/tech/tech3285.pdf>).
+    },
+    0 => {
+        Name => 'Description',
+        Format => 'string[256]',
+    },
+    256 => {
+        Name => 'Originator',
+        Format => 'string[32]',
+    },
+    288 => {
+        Name => 'OriginatorReference',
+        Format => 'string[32]',
+    },
+    320 => {
+        Name => 'DateTimeOriginal',
+        Description => 'Date/Time Original',
+        Groups => { 2 => 'Time' },
+        Format => 'string[18]',
+        ValueConv => '$_=$val; tr/-/:/; s/^(\d{4}:\d{2}:\d{2})/$1 /; $_',
+        PrintConv => '$self->ConvertDateTime($val)',
+    },
+    338 => {
+        Name => 'TimeReference',
+        Notes => 'first sample count since midnight',
+        Format => 'int32u[2]',
+        ValueConv => 'my @v=split(" ",$val); $v[0] + $v[1] * 4294967296',
+    },
+    346 => {
+        Name => 'BWFVersion',
+        Format => 'int16u',
+    },
+    # 348 - int8u[64] - SMPTE 330M UMID (Unique Material Identifier)
+    # 412 - int8u[190] - reserved
+    602 => {
+        Name => 'CodingHistory',
+        Format => 'string[$size-602]',
+    },
+);
+
+# Sub chunks of INFO LIST chunk
+%Image::ExifTool::RIFF::Info = (
+    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::RIFF::ProcessChunks,
+    GROUPS => { 2 => 'Audio' },
+    NOTES => q{
+        RIFF INFO tags found in WAV audio and AVI video files.  Tags which are part
+        of the EXIF 2.3 specification have an underlined Tag Name in the HTML
+        version of this documentation.  Other tags are found in AVI files generated
+        by some software.
+    },
+    IARL => 'ArchivalLocation',
+    IART => { Name => 'Artist',    Groups => { 2 => 'Author' } },
+    ICMS => 'Commissioned',
+    ICMT => 'Comment',
+    ICOP => { Name => 'Copyright', Groups => { 2 => 'Author' } },
+    ICRD => {
+        Name => 'DateCreated',
+        Groups => { 2 => 'Time' },
+        ValueConv => '$_=$val; s/-/:/g; $_',
+    },
+    ICRP => 'Cropped',
+    IDIM => 'Dimensions',
+    IDPI => 'DotsPerInch',
+    IENG => 'Engineer',
+    IGNR => 'Genre',
+    IKEY => 'Keywords',
+    ILGT => 'Lightness',
+    IMED => 'Medium',
+    INAM => 'Title',
+    IPLT => 'NumColors',
+    IPRD => 'Product',
+    ISBJ => 'Subject',
+    ISFT => {
+        Name => 'Software',
+        # remove trailing nulls/spaces and split at first null
+        # (Casio writes "CASIO" in unicode after the first null)
+        ValueConv => '$_=$val; s/(\s*\0)+$//; s/(\s*\0)/, /; s/\0+//g; $_',
+    },
+    ISHP => 'Sharpness',
+    ISRC => 'Source',
+    ISRF => 'SourceForm',
+    ITCH => 'Technician',
+#
+# 3rd party tags
+#
+    # internet movie database (ref 12)
+    ISGN => 'SecondaryGenre',
+    IWRI => 'WrittenBy',
+    IPRO => 'ProducedBy',
+    ICNM => 'Cinematographer',
+    IPDS => 'ProductionDesigner',
+    IEDT => 'EditedBy',
+    ICDS => 'CostumeDesigner',
+    IMUS => 'MusicBy',
+    ISTD => 'ProductionStudio',
+    IDST => 'DistributedBy',
+    ICNT => 'Country',
+    ILNG => 'Language',
+    IRTD => 'Rating',
+    ISTR => 'Starring',
+    # MovieID (ref12)
+    TITL => 'Title',
+    DIRC => 'Directory',
+    YEAR => 'Year',
+    GENR => 'Genre',
+    COMM => 'Comments',
+    LANG => 'Language',
+    AGES => 'Rated',
+    STAR => 'Starring',
+    CODE => 'EncodedBy',
+    PRT1 => 'Part',
+    PRT2 => 'NumberOfParts',
+    # Morgan Multimedia INFO tags (ref 12)
+    IAS1 => 'FirstLanguage',
+    IAS2 => 'SecondLanguage',
+    IAS3 => 'ThirdLanguage',
+    IAS4 => 'FourthLanguage',
+    IAS5 => 'FifthLanguage',
+    IAS6 => 'SixthLanguage',
+    IAS7 => 'SeventhLanguage',
+    IAS8 => 'EighthLanguage',
+    IAS9 => 'NinthLanguage',
+    ICAS => 'DefaultAudioStream',
+    IBSU => 'BaseURL',
+    ILGU => 'LogoURL',
+    ILIU => 'LogoIconURL',
+    IWMU => 'WatermarkURL',
+    IMIU => 'MoreInfoURL',
+    IMBI => 'MoreInfoBannerImage',
+    IMBU => 'MoreInfoBannerURL',
+    IMIT => 'MoreInfoText',
+    # GSpot INFO tags (ref 12)
+    IENC => 'EncodedBy',
+    IRIP => 'RippedBy',
+    # Sound Forge Pro tags
+    DISP => 'SoundSchemeTitle',
+    TLEN => { Name => 'Length', ValueConv => '$val/1000', PrintConv => '"$val s"' },
+    TRCK => 'TrackNumber',
+    TURL => 'URL',
+    TVER => 'Version',
+    LOCA => 'Location',
+    TORG => 'Organization',
+    # Sony Vegas AVI tags, also used by SCLive and Adobe Premier (ref 11)
+    TAPE => {
+        Name => 'TapeName',
+        Groups => { 2 => 'Video' },
+    },
+    TCOD => {
+        Name => 'StartTimecode',
+        # this is the tape time code for the start of the video
+        Groups => { 2 => 'Video' },
+        ValueConv => '$val * 1e-7',
+        PrintConv => \&ConvertTimecode,
+    },
+    TCDO => {
+        Name => 'EndTimecode',
+        Groups => { 2 => 'Video' },
+        ValueConv => '$val * 1e-7',
+        PrintConv => \&ConvertTimecode,
+    },
+    VMAJ => {
+        Name => 'VegasVersionMajor',
+        Groups => { 2 => 'Video' },
+    },
+    VMIN => {
+        Name => 'VegasVersionMinor',
+        Groups => { 2 => 'Video' },
+    },
+    CMNT => {
+        Name => 'Comment',
+        Groups => { 2 => 'Video' },
+    },
+    RATE => {
+        Name => 'Rate', #? (video? units?)
+        Groups => { 2 => 'Video' },
+    },
+    STAT => {
+        Name => 'Statistics',
+        Groups => { 2 => 'Video' },
+        # ("7318 0 3.430307 1", "0 0 3500.000000 1", "7 0 3.433228 1")
+        PrintConv => [
+            '"$val frames captured"',
+            '"$val dropped"',
+            '"Data rate $val"',
+            { 0 => 'Bad', 1 => 'OK' }, # capture OK?
+        ],
+    },
+    DTIM => {
+        Name => 'DateTimeOriginal',
+        Description => 'Date/Time Original',
+        Groups => { 2 => 'Time' },
+        ValueConv => q{
+            my @v = split ' ', $val;
+            return undef unless @v == 2;
+            # the Kodak EASYSHARE Sport stores this incorrectly as a string:
+            return $val if $val =~ /^\d{4}:\d{2}:\d{2} \d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2}$/;
+            # get time in seconds
+            $val = 1e-7 * ($v[0] * 4294967296 + $v[1]);
+            # shift from Jan 1, 1601 to Jan 1, 1970
+            $val -= 134774 * 24 * 3600 if $val != 0;
+            return Image::ExifTool::ConvertUnixTime($val);
+        },
+        PrintConv => '$self->ConvertDateTime($val)',
+    },
+);
+
+# Sub chunks of EXIF LIST chunk
+%Image::ExifTool::RIFF::Exif = (
+    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::RIFF::ProcessChunks,
+    GROUPS => { 2 => 'Audio' },
+    NOTES => 'These tags are part of the EXIF 2.3 specification for WAV audio files.',
+    ever => 'ExifVersion',
+    erel => 'RelatedImageFile',
+    etim => { Name => 'TimeCreated', Groups => { 2 => 'Time' } },
+    ecor => { Name => 'Make',        Groups => { 2 => 'Camera' } },
+    emdl => { Name => 'Model',       Groups => { 2 => 'Camera' } },
+    emnt => { Name => 'MakerNotes',  Binary => 1 },
+    eucm => {
+        Name => 'UserComment',
+        PrintConv => 'Image::ExifTool::Exif::ConvertExifText($self,$val)',
+    },
+);
+
+# Sub chunks of hdrl LIST chunk
+%Image::ExifTool::RIFF::Hdrl = (
+    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::RIFF::ProcessChunks,
+    GROUPS => { 2 => 'Image' },
+    avih => {
+        Name => 'AVIHeader',
+        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::RIFF::AVIHeader' },
+    },
+    IDIT => {
+        Name => 'DateTimeOriginal',
+        Description => 'Date/Time Original',
+        Groups => { 2 => 'Time' },
+        ValueConv => 'Image::ExifTool::RIFF::ConvertRIFFDate($val)',
+        PrintConv => '$self->ConvertDateTime($val)',
+    },
+    ISMP => 'Timecode',
+    LIST_strl => {
+        Name => 'Stream',
+        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::RIFF::Stream' },
+    },
+    LIST_odml => {
+        Name => 'OpenDML',
+        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::RIFF::OpenDML' },
+    },
+);
+
+# Sub chunks of Tdat LIST chunk (ref PH)
+%Image::ExifTool::RIFF::Tdat = (
+    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::RIFF::ProcessChunks,
+    GROUPS => { 2 => 'Video' },
+    # (have seen tc_O, tc_A, rn_O and rn_A)
+);
+
+%Image::ExifTool::RIFF::AVIHeader = (
+    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::ProcessBinaryData,
+    GROUPS => { 2 => 'Video' },
+    FORMAT => 'int32u',
+    FIRST_ENTRY => 0,
+    0 => {
+        Name => 'FrameRate',
+        # (must use RawConv because raw value used in Composite tag)
+        RawConv => '$val ? 1e6 / $val : undef',
+        PrintConv => 'int($val * 1000 + 0.5) / 1000',
+    },
+    1 => {
+        Name => 'MaxDataRate',
+        PrintConv => 'sprintf("%.4g kB/s",$val / 1024)',
+    },
+  # 2 => 'PaddingGranularity',
+  # 3 => 'Flags',
+    4 => 'FrameCount',
+  # 5 => 'InitialFrames',
+    6 => 'StreamCount',
+  # 7 => 'SuggestedBufferSize',
+    8 => 'ImageWidth',
+    9 => 'ImageHeight',
+);
+
+%Image::ExifTool::RIFF::Stream = (
+    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::RIFF::ProcessChunks,
+    GROUPS => { 2 => 'Image' },
+    strh => {
+        Name => 'StreamHeader',
+        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::RIFF::StreamHeader' },
+    },
+    strn => 'StreamName',
+    strd => { #PH
+        Name => 'StreamData',
+        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::RIFF::StreamData' },
+    },
+    strf => [
+        {
+            Name => 'AudioFormat',
+            Condition => '$$self{RIFFStreamType} eq "auds"',
+            SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::RIFF::AudioFormat' },
+        },
+        {
+            Name => 'VideoFormat',
+            Condition => '$$self{RIFFStreamType} eq "vids"',
+            SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::BMP::Main' },
+        },
+    ],
+);
+
+# Open DML tags (ref http://www.morgan-multimedia.com/download/odmlff2.pdf)
+%Image::ExifTool::RIFF::OpenDML = (
+    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::RIFF::ProcessChunks,
+    GROUPS => { 2 => 'Video' },
+    dmlh => {
+        Name => 'ExtendedAVIHeader',
+        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::RIFF::ExtAVIHdr' },
+    },
+);
+
+# Extended AVI Header tags (ref http://www.morgan-multimedia.com/download/odmlff2.pdf)
+%Image::ExifTool::RIFF::ExtAVIHdr = (
+    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::ProcessBinaryData,
+    GROUPS => { 2 => 'Video' },
+    FORMAT => 'int32u',
+    0 => 'TotalFrameCount',
+);
+
+%Image::ExifTool::RIFF::StreamHeader = (
+    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::ProcessBinaryData,
+    GROUPS => { 2 => 'Video' },
+    FORMAT => 'int32u',
+    FIRST_ENTRY => 0,
+    PRIORITY => 0,  # so we get values from the first stream
+    0 => {
+        Name => 'StreamType',
+        Format => 'string[4]',
+        RawConv => '$$self{RIFFStreamType} = $val',
+        PrintConv => {
+            auds => 'Audio',
+            mids => 'MIDI',
+            txts => 'Text',
+            vids => 'Video',
+            iavs => 'Interleaved Audio+Video',
+        },
+    },
+    1 => [
+        {
+            Name => 'AudioCodec',
+            Condition => '$$self{RIFFStreamType} eq "auds"',
+            Format => 'string[4]',
+        },
+        {
+            Name => 'VideoCodec',
+            Condition => '$$self{RIFFStreamType} eq "vids"',
+            Format => 'string[4]',
+        },
+        {
+            Name => 'Codec',
+            Format => 'string[4]',
+        },
+    ],
+  # 2 => 'StreamFlags',
+  # 3 => 'StreamPriority',
+  # 3.5 => 'Language',
+  # 4 => 'InitialFrames',
+    5 => [
+        {
+            Name => 'AudioSampleRate',
+            Condition => '$$self{RIFFStreamType} eq "auds"',
+            Format => 'rational64u',
+            ValueConv => '$val ? 1/$val : 0',
+            PrintConv => 'int($val * 100 + 0.5) / 100',
+        },
+        {
+            Name => 'VideoFrameRate',
+            Condition => '$$self{RIFFStreamType} eq "vids"',
+            Format => 'rational64u',
+            # (must use RawConv because raw value used in Composite tag)
+            RawConv => '$val ? 1/$val : undef',
+            PrintConv => 'int($val * 1000 + 0.5) / 1000',
+        },
+        {
+            Name => 'StreamSampleRate',
+            Format => 'rational64u',
+            ValueConv => '$val ? 1/$val : 0',
+            PrintConv => 'int($val * 1000 + 0.5) / 1000',
+        },
+    ],
+  # 7 => 'Start',
+    8 => [
+        {
+            Name => 'AudioSampleCount',
+            Condition => '$$self{RIFFStreamType} eq "auds"',
+        },
+        {
+            Name => 'VideoFrameCount',
+            Condition => '$$self{RIFFStreamType} eq "vids"',
+        },
+        {
+            Name => 'StreamSampleCount',
+        },
+    ],
+  # 9 => 'SuggestedBufferSize',
+    10 => {
+        Name => 'Quality',
+        PrintConv => '$val eq 0xffffffff ? "Default" : $val',
+    },
+    11 => {
+        Name => 'SampleSize',
+        PrintConv => '$val ? "$val byte" . ($val==1 ? "" : "s") : "Variable"',
+    },
+  # 12 => { Name => 'Frame', Format => 'int16u[4]' },
+);
+
+%Image::ExifTool::RIFF::StreamData = ( #PH
+    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::RIFF::ProcessStreamData,
+    GROUPS => { 2 => 'Video' },
+    NOTES => q{
+        This chunk is used to store proprietary information in AVI videos from some
+        cameras.  The first 4 characters of the data are used as the Tag ID below.
+    },
+    AVIF => {
+        Name => 'AVIF',
+        SubDirectory => {
+            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Exif::Main',
+            DirName => 'IFD0',
+            Start => 8,
+            ByteOrder => 'LittleEndian',
+        },
+    },
+    CASI => { # (used by Casio GV-10)
+        Name => 'CasioData',
+        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Casio::AVI' },
+    },
+    Zora => 'VendorName',   # (Samsung PL90 AVI files)
+    unknown => {
+        Name => 'UnknownData',
+        # try to interpret unknown stream data as a string
+        RawConv => '$_=$val; /^[^\0-\x1f\x7f-\xff]+$/ ? $_ : undef',
+    },
+);
+
+# VP8 bitstream (ref http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/pdfrfc/rfc6386.txt.pdf)
+%Image::ExifTool::RIFF::VP8 = (
+    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::ProcessBinaryData,
+    GROUPS => { 2 => 'Image' },
+    0 => {
+        Name => 'VP8Version',
+        Mask => 0x0e,
+        ValueConv => '$val >> 1',
+        PrintConv => {
+            0 => '0 (bicubic reconstruction, normal loop)',
+            1 => '1 (bilinear reconstruction, simple loop)',
+            2 => '2 (bilinear reconstruction, no loop)',
+            3 => '3 (no reconstruction, no loop)',
+        },
+    },
+    6 => {
+        Name => 'ImageWidth',
+        Format => 'int16u',
+        Mask => 0x3fff,
+    },
+    6.1 => {
+        Name => 'HorizontalScale',
+        Format => 'int16u',
+        Mask => 0xc000,
+        ValueConv => '$val >> 14',
+    },
+    8 => {
+        Name => 'ImageHeight',
+        Format => 'int16u',
+        Mask => 0x3fff,
+    },
+    8.1 => {
+        Name => 'VerticalScale',
+        Format => 'int16u',
+        Mask => 0xc000,
+        ValueConv => '$val >> 14',
+    },
+);
+
+# RIFF composite tags
+%Image::ExifTool::RIFF::Composite = (
+    Duration => {
+        Require => {
+            0 => 'RIFF:FrameRate',
+            1 => 'RIFF:FrameCount',
+        },
+        Desire => {
+            2 => 'VideoFrameRate',
+            3 => 'VideoFrameCount',
+        },
+        RawConv => 'Image::ExifTool::RIFF::CalcDuration($self, @val)',
+        PrintConv => 'ConvertDuration($val)',
+    },
+    Duration2 => {
+        Name => 'Duration',
+        Require => {
+            0 => 'RIFF:AvgBytesPerSec',
+            1 => 'FileSize',
+        },
+        Desire => {
+            # check FrameCount because this calculation only applies
+            # to audio-only files (ie. WAV)
+            2 => 'FrameCount',
+            3 => 'VideoFrameCount',
+        },
+        # (can't calculate duration like this for compressed audio types)
+        RawConv => q{
+            return undef if $$self{VALUE}{FileType} =~ /^(LA|OFR|PAC|WV)$/;
+            return ($val[0] and not ($val[2] or $val[3])) ? $val[1] / $val[0] : undef;
+        },
+        PrintConv => 'ConvertDuration($val)',
+    },
+);
+
+# add our composite tags
+Image::ExifTool::AddCompositeTags('Image::ExifTool::RIFF');
+
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Convert RIFF date to EXIF format
+my %monthNum = (
+    Jan=>1, Feb=>2, Mar=>3, Apr=>4, May=>5, Jun=>6,
+    Jul=>7, Aug=>8, Sep=>9, Oct=>10,Nov=>11,Dec=>12
+);
+sub ConvertRIFFDate($)
+{
+    my $val = shift;
+    my @part = split ' ', $val;
+    my $mon;
+    if (@part >= 5 and $mon = $monthNum{ucfirst(lc($part[1]))}) {
+        # the standard AVI date format (ie. "Mon Mar 10 15:04:43 2003")
+        $val = sprintf("%.4d:%.2d:%.2d %s", $part[4],
+                       $mon, $part[2], $part[3]);
+    } elsif ($val =~ m{(\d{4})/\s*(\d+)/\s*(\d+)/?\s+(\d+):\s*(\d+)\s*(P?)}) {
+        # but the Casio QV-3EX writes dates like "2001/ 1/27  1:42PM",
+        # and the Casio EX-Z30 writes "2005/11/28/ 09:19"... doh!
+        $val = sprintf("%.4d:%.2d:%.2d %.2d:%.2d:00",$1,$2,$3,$4+($6?12:0),$5);
+    }
+    return $val;
+}
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Print time
+# Inputs: 0) time in seconds
+# Returns: time string
+sub ConvertTimecode($)
+{
+    my $val = shift;
+    my $hr = int($val / 3600);
+    $val -= $hr * 3600;
+    my $min = int($val / 60);
+    $val -= $min * 60;
+    return sprintf("%d:%.2d:%05.2f", $hr, $min, $val);
+}
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Calculate duration of RIFF
+# Inputs: 0) ExifTool ref, 1/2) RIFF:FrameRate/Count, 2/3) VideoFrameRate/Count
+# Returns: Duration in seconds or undef
+# Notes: Sums duration of all sub-documents (concatenated AVI files)
+sub CalcDuration($@)
+{
+    my ($et, @val) = @_;
+    my $totalDuration = 0;
+    my $subDoc = 0;
+    my @keyList;
+    for (;;) {
+        # this is annoying.  Apparently (although I couldn't verify this), FrameCount
+        # in the RIFF header includes multiple video tracks if they exist (ie. with the
+        # FujiFilm REAL 3D AVI's), but the video stream information isn't reliable for
+        # some cameras (ie. Olympus FE models), so use the video stream information
+        # only if the RIFF header duration is 2 to 3 times longer
+        my $dur1 = $val[1] / $val[0] if $val[0];
+        if ($val[2] and $val[3]) {
+            my $dur2 = $val[3] / $val[2];
+            my $rat = $dur1 / $dur2;
+            $dur1 = $dur2 if $rat > 1.9 and $rat < 3.1;
+        }
+        $totalDuration += $dur1 if defined $dur1;
+        last unless $subDoc++ < $$et{DOC_COUNT};
+        # get tag values for next sub-document
+        my @tags = qw(FrameRate FrameCount VideoFrameRate VideoFrameCount);
+        my $rawValue = $$et{VALUE};
+        my ($i, $j, $key, $keys);
+        for ($i=0; $i<@tags; ++$i) {
+            if ($subDoc == 1) {
+                # generate list of available keys for each tag
+                $keys = $keyList[$i] = [ ];
+                for ($j=0; ; ++$j) {
+                    $key = $tags[$i];
+                    $key .= " ($j)" if $j;
+                    last unless defined $$rawValue{$key};
+                    push @$keys, $key;
+                }
+            } else {
+                $keys = $keyList[$i];
+            }
+            # find key for tag in this sub-document
+            my $grp = "Doc$subDoc";
+            $grp .= ":RIFF" if $i < 2; # (tags 0 and 1 also in RIFF group)
+            $key = $et->GroupMatches($grp, $keys);
+            $val[$i] = $key ? $$rawValue{$key} : undef;
+        }
+        last unless defined $val[0] and defined $val[1]; # (Require'd tags)
+    }
+    return $totalDuration;
+}
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Process stream data
+# Inputs: 0) ExifTool object ref, 1) dirInfo reference, 2) tag table ref
+# Returns: 1 on success
+sub ProcessStreamData($$$)
+{
+    my ($et, $dirInfo, $tagTablePtr) = @_;
+    my $dataPt = $$dirInfo{DataPt};
+    my $start = $$dirInfo{DirStart};
+    my $size = $$dirInfo{DirLen};
+    return 0 if $size < 4;
+    if ($et->Options('Verbose')) {
+        $et->VerboseDir($$dirInfo{DirName}, 0, $size);
+    }
+    my $tag = substr($$dataPt, $start, 4);
+    my $tagInfo = $et->GetTagInfo($tagTablePtr, $tag);
+    unless ($tagInfo) {
+        $tagInfo = $et->GetTagInfo($tagTablePtr, 'unknown');
+        return 1 unless $tagInfo;
+    }
+    my $subdir = $$tagInfo{SubDirectory};
+    if ($$tagInfo{SubDirectory}) {
+        my $offset = $$subdir{Start} || 0;
+        my $baseShift = $$dirInfo{DataPos} + $$dirInfo{DirStart} + $offset;
+        my %subdirInfo = (
+            DataPt  => $dataPt,
+            DataPos => $$dirInfo{DataPos} - $baseShift,
+            Base    => ($$dirInfo{Base} || 0) + $baseShift,
+            DataLen => $$dirInfo{DataLen},
+            DirStart=> $$dirInfo{DirStart} + $offset,
+            DirLen  => $$dirInfo{DirLen} - $offset,
+            DirName => $$subdir{DirName},
+            Parent  => $$dirInfo{DirName},
+        );
+        unless ($offset) {
+            # allow processing of 2nd directory at the same address
+            my $addr = $subdirInfo{DirStart} + $subdirInfo{DataPos} + $subdirInfo{Base};
+            delete $$et{PROCESSED}{$addr}
+        }
+        # (we could set FIRST_EXIF_POS to $subdirInfo{Base} here to make
+        #  htmlDump offsets relative to EXIF base if we wanted...)
+        my $subTable = GetTagTable($$subdir{TagTable});
+        $et->ProcessDirectory(\%subdirInfo, $subTable);
+    } else {
+        $et->HandleTag($tagTablePtr, $tag, undef,
+            DataPt  => $dataPt,
+            DataPos => $$dirInfo{DataPos},
+            Start   => $start,
+            Size    => $size,
+            TagInfo => $tagInfo,
+        );
+    }
+    return 1;
+}
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Process RIFF chunks
+# Inputs: 0) ExifTool object reference, 1) directory information reference
+#         2) tag table reference
+# Returns: 1 on success
+sub ProcessChunks($$$)
+{
+    my ($et, $dirInfo, $tagTablePtr) = @_;
+    my $dataPt = $$dirInfo{DataPt};
+    my $start = $$dirInfo{DirStart};
+    my $size = $$dirInfo{DirLen};
+    my $end = $start + $size;
+    my $base = $$dirInfo{Base};
+
+    if ($et->Options('Verbose')) {
+        $et->VerboseDir($$dirInfo{DirName}, 0, $size);
+    }
+    while ($start + 8 < $end) {
+        my $tag = substr($$dataPt, $start, 4);
+        my $len = Get32u($dataPt, $start + 4);
+        $start += 8;
+        if ($start + $len > $end) {
+            $et->Warn("Bad $tag chunk");
+            return 0;
+        }
+        if ($tag eq 'LIST' and $len >= 4) {
+            $tag .= '_' . substr($$dataPt, $start, 4);
+            $len -= 4;
+            $start += 4;
+        }
+        my $tagInfo = $et->GetTagInfo($tagTablePtr, $tag);
+        my $baseShift = 0;
+        my $val;
+        if ($tagInfo) {
+            if ($$tagInfo{SubDirectory}) {
+                # adjust base if necessary (needed for Ricoh maker notes)
+                my $newBase = $tagInfo->{SubDirectory}{Base};
+                if (defined $newBase) {
+                    # different than your average Base eval...
+                    # here we use an absolute $start address
+                    $start += $base;
+                    #### eval Base ($start)
+                    $newBase = eval $newBase;
+                    $baseShift = $newBase - $base;
+                    $start -= $base;
+                }
+            } elsif (not $$tagInfo{Binary}) {
+                $val = substr($$dataPt, $start, $len);
+                $val =~ s/\0+$//;   # remove trailing nulls from strings
+            }
+        }
+        $et->HandleTag($tagTablePtr, $tag, $val,
+            DataPt  => $dataPt,
+            DataPos => $$dirInfo{DataPos} - $baseShift,
+            Start   => $start,
+            Size    => $len,
+            Base    => $base + $baseShift,
+            Addr    => $base + $baseShift + $start,
+        );
+        ++$len if $len & 0x01;  # must account for padding if odd number of bytes
+        $start += $len;
+    }
+    return 1;
+}
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Extract information from a RIFF file
+# Inputs: 0) ExifTool object reference, 1) DirInfo reference
+# Returns: 1 on success, 0 if this wasn't a valid RIFF file
+sub ProcessRIFF($$)
+{
+    my ($et, $dirInfo) = @_;
+    my $raf = $$dirInfo{RAF};
+    my ($buff, $buf2, $type, $mime, $err);
+    my $verbose = $et->Options('Verbose');
+
+    # verify this is a valid RIFF file
+    return 0 unless $raf->Read($buff, 12) == 12;
+    if ($buff =~ /^RIFF....(.{4})/s) {
+        $type = $riffType{$1};
+    } else {
+        # minimal support for a few obscure lossless audio formats...
+        return 0 unless $buff =~ /^(LA0[234]|OFR |LPAC|wvpk)/ and $raf->Read($buf2, 1024);
+        $type = $riffType{$1};
+        $buff .= $buf2;
+        return 0 unless $buff =~ /WAVE(.{4})?fmt /sg and $raf->Seek(pos($buff) - 4, 0);
+    }
+    $mime = $riffMimeType{$type} if $type;
+    $et->SetFileType($type, $mime);
+    $$et{RIFFStreamType} = '';    # initialize stream type
+    SetByteOrder('II');
+    my $tagTablePtr = GetTagTable('Image::ExifTool::RIFF::Main');
+    my $pos = 12;
+#
+# Read chunks in RIFF image
+#
+    for (;;) {
+        my $num = $raf->Read($buff, 8);
+        if ($num < 8) {
+            $err = 1 if $num;
+            last;
+        }
+        $pos += 8;
+        my ($tag, $len) = unpack('a4V', $buff);
+        # special case: construct new tag name from specific LIST type
+        if ($tag eq 'LIST') {
+            $raf->Read($buff, 4) == 4 or $err=1, last;
+            $pos += 4;
+            $tag .= "_$buff";
+            $len -= 4;  # already read 4 bytes (the LIST type)
+        }
+        $et->VPrint(0, "RIFF '$tag' chunk ($len bytes of data):\n");
+        if ($len <= 0) {
+            if ($len < 0) {
+                $et->Warn('Invalid chunk length');
+            } elsif ($tag eq "\0\0\0\0") {
+                # avoid reading through corupted files filled with nulls because it takes forever
+                $et->Warn('Encountered empty null chunk. Processing aborted');
+            } else {
+                next;
+            }
+            last;
+        }
+        # stop when we hit the audio data or AVI index or AVI movie data
+        # --> no more because Adobe Bridge stores XMP after this!!
+        # (so now we only do this on the FastScan option)
+        if (($tag eq 'data' or $tag eq 'idx1' or $tag eq 'LIST_movi') and
+            $et->Options('FastScan'))
+        {
+            $et->VPrint(0, "(end of parsing)\n");
+            last;
+        }
+        # RIFF chunks are padded to an even number of bytes
+        my $len2 = $len + ($len & 0x01);
+        if ($$tagTablePtr{$tag} or ($verbose and $tag !~ /^(data|idx1|LIST_movi|RIFF)$/)) {
+            $raf->Read($buff, $len2) == $len2 or $err=1, last;
+            $et->HandleTag($tagTablePtr, $tag, $buff,
+                DataPt  => \$buff,
+                DataPos => 0,   # (relative to Base)
+                Start   => 0,
+                Size    => $len2,
+                Base    => $pos,
+            );
+        } elsif ($tag eq 'RIFF') {
+            # don't read into RIFF chunk (ie. concatenated video file)
+            $raf->Read($buff, 4) == 4 or $err=1, last;
+            # extract information from remaining file as an embedded file
+            $$et{DOC_NUM} = ++$$et{DOC_COUNT}
+        } else {
+            $raf->Seek($len2, 1) or $err=1, last;
+        }
+        $pos += $len2;
+    }
+    delete $$et{DOC_NUM};
+    $err and $et->Warn('Error reading RIFF file (corrupted?)');
+    return 1;
+}
+
+1;  # end
+
+__END__
+
+=head1 NAME
+
+Image::ExifTool::RIFF - Read RIFF/WAV/AVI meta information
+
+=head1 SYNOPSIS
+
+This module is used by Image::ExifTool
+
+=head1 DESCRIPTION
+
+This module contains routines required by Image::ExifTool to extract
+information from RIFF-based (Resource Interchange File Format) files,
+including Windows WAV audio and AVI video files.
+
+=head1 AUTHOR
+
+Copyright 2003-2014, Phil Harvey (phil at owl.phy.queensu.ca)
+
+This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+under the same terms as Perl itself.
+
+=head1 REFERENCES
+
+=over 4
+
+=item L<http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF>
+
+=item L<http://www.vlsi.fi/datasheets/vs1011.pdf>
+
+=item L<http://www.music-center.com.br/spec_rif.htm>
+
+=item L<http://www.codeproject.com/audio/wavefiles.asp>
+
+=item L<http://msdn.microsoft.com/archive/en-us/directx9_c/directx/htm/avirifffilereference.asp>
+
+=item L<http://wiki.multimedia.cx/index.php?title=TwoCC>
+
+=back
+
+=head1 SEE ALSO
+
+L<Image::ExifTool::TagNames/RIFF Tags>,
+L<Image::ExifTool(3pm)|Image::ExifTool>
+
+=cut
+