esruby 0.0.0

data/resources/mruby/src/version.c

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#include <mruby.h>
+#include <mruby/variable.h>
+
+void
+mrb_init_version(mrb_state* mrb)
+{
+  mrb_value mruby_version = mrb_str_new_lit(mrb, MRUBY_VERSION);
+
+  mrb_define_global_const(mrb, "RUBY_VERSION", mrb_str_new_lit(mrb, MRUBY_RUBY_VERSION));
+  mrb_define_global_const(mrb, "RUBY_ENGINE", mrb_str_new_lit(mrb, MRUBY_RUBY_ENGINE));
+  mrb_define_global_const(mrb, "RUBY_ENGINE_VERSION", mruby_version);
+  mrb_define_global_const(mrb, "MRUBY_VERSION", mruby_version);
+  mrb_define_global_const(mrb, "MRUBY_RELEASE_NO", mrb_fixnum_value(MRUBY_RELEASE_NO));
+  mrb_define_global_const(mrb, "MRUBY_RELEASE_DATE", mrb_str_new_lit(mrb, MRUBY_RELEASE_DATE));
+  mrb_define_global_const(mrb, "MRUBY_DESCRIPTION", mrb_str_new_lit(mrb, MRUBY_DESCRIPTION));
+  mrb_define_global_const(mrb, "MRUBY_COPYRIGHT", mrb_str_new_lit(mrb, MRUBY_COPYRIGHT));
+}

data/resources/mruby/src/vm.c

@@ -0,0 +1,3020 @@
+/*
+** vm.c - virtual machine for mruby
+**
+** See Copyright Notice in mruby.h
+*/
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <math.h>
+#include <mruby.h>
+#include <mruby/array.h>
+#include <mruby/class.h>
+#include <mruby/hash.h>
+#include <mruby/irep.h>
+#include <mruby/numeric.h>
+#include <mruby/proc.h>
+#include <mruby/range.h>
+#include <mruby/string.h>
+#include <mruby/variable.h>
+#include <mruby/error.h>
+#include <mruby/opcode.h>
+#include "value_array.h"
+#include <mruby/throw.h>
+
+#ifdef MRB_DISABLE_STDIO
+#if defined(__cplusplus)
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+void abort(void);
+#if defined(__cplusplus)
+}  /* extern "C" { */
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#define STACK_INIT_SIZE 128
+#define CALLINFO_INIT_SIZE 32
+
+#ifndef ENSURE_STACK_INIT_SIZE
+#define ENSURE_STACK_INIT_SIZE 16
+#endif
+
+#ifndef RESCUE_STACK_INIT_SIZE
+#define RESCUE_STACK_INIT_SIZE 16
+#endif
+
+/* Define amount of linear stack growth. */
+#ifndef MRB_STACK_GROWTH
+#define MRB_STACK_GROWTH 128
+#endif
+
+/* Maximum mrb_funcall() depth. Should be set lower on memory constrained systems. */
+#ifndef MRB_FUNCALL_DEPTH_MAX
+#define MRB_FUNCALL_DEPTH_MAX 512
+#endif
+
+/* Maximum depth of ecall() recursion. */
+#ifndef MRB_ECALL_DEPTH_MAX
+#define MRB_ECALL_DEPTH_MAX 32
+#endif
+
+/* Maximum stack depth. Should be set lower on memory constrained systems.
+The value below allows about 60000 recursive calls in the simplest case. */
+#ifndef MRB_STACK_MAX
+#define MRB_STACK_MAX (0x40000 - MRB_STACK_GROWTH)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef VM_DEBUG
+# define DEBUG(x) (x)
+#else
+# define DEBUG(x)
+#endif
+
+
+#ifndef MRB_GC_FIXED_ARENA
+static void
+mrb_gc_arena_shrink(mrb_state *mrb, int idx)
+{
+  mrb_gc *gc = &mrb->gc;
+  int capa = gc->arena_capa;
+
+  if (idx < capa / 4) {
+    capa >>= 2;
+    if (capa < MRB_GC_ARENA_SIZE) {
+      capa = MRB_GC_ARENA_SIZE;
+    }
+    if (capa != gc->arena_capa) {
+      gc->arena = (struct RBasic**)mrb_realloc(mrb, gc->arena, sizeof(struct RBasic*)*capa);
+      gc->arena_capa = capa;
+    }
+  }
+}
+#else
+#define mrb_gc_arena_shrink(mrb,idx)
+#endif
+
+#define CALL_MAXARGS 127
+
+void mrb_method_missing(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_sym name, mrb_value self, mrb_value args);
+
+static inline void
+stack_clear(mrb_value *from, size_t count)
+{
+#ifndef MRB_NAN_BOXING
+  const mrb_value mrb_value_zero = { { 0 } };
+
+  while (count-- > 0) {
+    *from++ = mrb_value_zero;
+  }
+#else
+  while (count-- > 0) {
+    SET_NIL_VALUE(*from);
+    from++;
+  }
+#endif
+}
+
+static inline void
+stack_copy(mrb_value *dst, const mrb_value *src, size_t size)
+{
+  while (size-- > 0) {
+    *dst++ = *src++;
+  }
+}
+
+static void
+stack_init(mrb_state *mrb)
+{
+  struct mrb_context *c = mrb->c;
+
+  /* mrb_assert(mrb->stack == NULL); */
+  c->stbase = (mrb_value *)mrb_calloc(mrb, STACK_INIT_SIZE, sizeof(mrb_value));
+  c->stend = c->stbase + STACK_INIT_SIZE;
+  c->stack = c->stbase;
+
+  /* mrb_assert(ci == NULL); */
+  c->cibase = (mrb_callinfo *)mrb_calloc(mrb, CALLINFO_INIT_SIZE, sizeof(mrb_callinfo));
+  c->ciend = c->cibase + CALLINFO_INIT_SIZE;
+  c->ci = c->cibase;
+  c->ci->target_class = mrb->object_class;
+  c->ci->stackent = c->stack;
+}
+
+static inline void
+envadjust(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value *oldbase, mrb_value *newbase, size_t size)
+{
+  mrb_callinfo *ci = mrb->c->cibase;
+
+  if (newbase == oldbase) return;
+  while (ci <= mrb->c->ci) {
+    struct REnv *e = ci->env;
+    mrb_value *st;
+
+    if (e && MRB_ENV_STACK_SHARED_P(e) &&
+        (st = e->stack) && oldbase <= st && st < oldbase+size) {
+      ptrdiff_t off = e->stack - oldbase;
+
+      e->stack = newbase + off;
+    }
+    ci->stackent = newbase + (ci->stackent - oldbase);
+    ci++;
+  }
+}
+
+/** def rec ; $deep =+ 1 ; if $deep > 1000 ; return 0 ; end ; rec ; end  */
+
+static void
+stack_extend_alloc(mrb_state *mrb, int room)
+{
+  mrb_value *oldbase = mrb->c->stbase;
+  mrb_value *newstack;
+  size_t oldsize = mrb->c->stend - mrb->c->stbase;
+  size_t size = oldsize;
+  size_t off = mrb->c->stack - mrb->c->stbase;
+
+  if (off > size) size = off;
+#ifdef MRB_STACK_EXTEND_DOUBLING
+  if (room <= size)
+    size *= 2;
+  else
+    size += room;
+#else
+  /* Use linear stack growth.
+     It is slightly slower than doubling the stack space,
+     but it saves memory on small devices. */
+  if (room <= MRB_STACK_GROWTH)
+    size += MRB_STACK_GROWTH;
+  else
+    size += room;
+#endif
+
+  newstack = (mrb_value *)mrb_realloc(mrb, mrb->c->stbase, sizeof(mrb_value) * size);
+  if (newstack == NULL) {
+    mrb_exc_raise(mrb, mrb_obj_value(mrb->stack_err));
+  }
+  stack_clear(&(newstack[oldsize]), size - oldsize);
+  envadjust(mrb, oldbase, newstack, size);
+  mrb->c->stbase = newstack;
+  mrb->c->stack = mrb->c->stbase + off;
+  mrb->c->stend = mrb->c->stbase + size;
+
+  /* Raise an exception if the new stack size will be too large,
+     to prevent infinite recursion. However, do this only after resizing the stack, so mrb_raise has stack space to work with. */
+  if (size > MRB_STACK_MAX) {
+    mrb_exc_raise(mrb, mrb_obj_value(mrb->stack_err));
+  }
+}
+
+static inline void
+stack_extend(mrb_state *mrb, int room)
+{
+  if (mrb->c->stack + room >= mrb->c->stend) {
+    stack_extend_alloc(mrb, room);
+  }
+}
+
+static inline struct REnv*
+uvenv(mrb_state *mrb, int up)
+{
+  struct RProc *proc = mrb->c->ci->proc;
+  struct REnv *e;
+
+  while (up--) {
+    proc = proc->upper;
+    if (!proc) return NULL;
+  }
+  e = MRB_PROC_ENV(proc);
+  if (e) return e;              /* proc has enclosed env */
+  else {
+    mrb_callinfo *ci = mrb->c->ci;
+    mrb_callinfo *cb = mrb->c->cibase;
+
+    while (cb <= ci) {
+      if (ci->proc == proc) {
+        return ci->env;
+      }
+      ci--;
+    }
+  }
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline struct RProc*
+top_proc(mrb_state *mrb, struct RProc *proc)
+{
+  while (proc->upper) {
+    if (MRB_PROC_SCOPE_P(proc) || MRB_PROC_STRICT_P(proc))
+      return proc;
+    proc = proc->upper;
+  }
+  return proc;
+}
+
+#define CI_ACC_SKIP    -1
+#define CI_ACC_DIRECT  -2
+#define CI_ACC_RESUMED -3
+
+static inline mrb_callinfo*
+cipush(mrb_state *mrb)
+{
+  struct mrb_context *c = mrb->c;
+  static const mrb_callinfo ci_zero = { 0 };
+  mrb_callinfo *ci = c->ci;
+
+  int ridx = ci->ridx;
+
+  if (ci + 1 == c->ciend) {
+    ptrdiff_t size = ci - c->cibase;
+
+    c->cibase = (mrb_callinfo *)mrb_realloc(mrb, c->cibase, sizeof(mrb_callinfo)*size*2);
+    c->ci = c->cibase + size;
+    c->ciend = c->cibase + size * 2;
+  }
+  ci = ++c->ci;
+  *ci = ci_zero;
+  ci->epos = mrb->c->eidx;
+  ci->ridx = ridx;
+
+  return ci;
+}
+
+void
+mrb_env_unshare(mrb_state *mrb, struct REnv *e)
+{
+  if (e == NULL) return;
+  else {
+    size_t len = (size_t)MRB_ENV_STACK_LEN(e);
+    mrb_value *p;
+
+    if (!MRB_ENV_STACK_SHARED_P(e)) return;
+    if (e->cxt != mrb->c) return;
+    p = (mrb_value *)mrb_malloc(mrb, sizeof(mrb_value)*len);
+    if (len > 0) {
+      stack_copy(p, e->stack, len);
+    }
+    e->stack = p;
+    MRB_ENV_UNSHARE_STACK(e);
+    mrb_write_barrier(mrb, (struct RBasic *)e);
+  }
+}
+
+static inline void
+cipop(mrb_state *mrb)
+{
+  struct mrb_context *c = mrb->c;
+  struct REnv *env = c->ci->env;
+
+  c->ci--;
+  if (env) mrb_env_unshare(mrb, env);
+}
+
+void mrb_exc_set(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value exc);
+
+static void
+ecall(mrb_state *mrb)
+{
+  struct RProc *p;
+  struct mrb_context *c = mrb->c;
+  mrb_callinfo *ci = c->ci;
+  struct RObject *exc;
+  struct REnv *env;
+  ptrdiff_t cioff;
+  int ai = mrb_gc_arena_save(mrb);
+  int i = --c->eidx;
+  int nregs;
+
+  if (i<0) return;
+  if (ci - c->cibase > MRB_ECALL_DEPTH_MAX) {
+    mrb_exc_raise(mrb, mrb_obj_value(mrb->stack_err));
+  }
+  p = c->ensure[i];
+  if (!p) return;
+  mrb_assert(!MRB_PROC_CFUNC_P(p));
+  c->ensure[i] = NULL;
+  nregs = p->upper->body.irep->nregs;
+  if (ci->proc && !MRB_PROC_CFUNC_P(ci->proc) &&
+      ci->proc->body.irep->nregs > nregs) {
+    nregs = ci->proc->body.irep->nregs;
+  }
+  cioff = ci - c->cibase;
+  ci = cipush(mrb);
+  ci->stackent = mrb->c->stack;
+  ci->mid = ci[-1].mid;
+  ci->acc = CI_ACC_SKIP;
+  ci->argc = 0;
+  ci->proc = p;
+  ci->nregs = p->body.irep->nregs;
+  ci->target_class = MRB_PROC_TARGET_CLASS(p);
+  env = MRB_PROC_ENV(p);
+  mrb_assert(env);
+  c->stack += nregs;
+  exc = mrb->exc; mrb->exc = 0;
+  if (exc) {
+    mrb_gc_protect(mrb, mrb_obj_value(exc));
+  }
+  mrb_run(mrb, p, env->stack[0]);
+  mrb->c = c;
+  c->ci = c->cibase + cioff;
+  if (!mrb->exc) mrb->exc = exc;
+  mrb_gc_arena_restore(mrb, ai);
+}
+
+#ifndef MRB_FUNCALL_ARGC_MAX
+#define MRB_FUNCALL_ARGC_MAX 16
+#endif
+
+MRB_API mrb_value
+mrb_funcall(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self, const char *name, mrb_int argc, ...)
+{
+  mrb_value argv[MRB_FUNCALL_ARGC_MAX];
+  va_list ap;
+  mrb_int i;
+  mrb_sym mid = mrb_intern_cstr(mrb, name);
+
+  if (argc > MRB_FUNCALL_ARGC_MAX) {
+    mrb_raise(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, "Too long arguments. (limit=" MRB_STRINGIZE(MRB_FUNCALL_ARGC_MAX) ")");
+  }
+
+  va_start(ap, argc);
+  for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
+    argv[i] = va_arg(ap, mrb_value);
+  }
+  va_end(ap);
+  return mrb_funcall_argv(mrb, self, mid, argc, argv);
+}
+
+MRB_API mrb_value
+mrb_funcall_with_block(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self, mrb_sym mid, mrb_int argc, const mrb_value *argv, mrb_value blk)
+{
+  mrb_value val;
+
+  if (!mrb->jmp) {
+    struct mrb_jmpbuf c_jmp;
+    ptrdiff_t nth_ci = mrb->c->ci - mrb->c->cibase;
+
+    MRB_TRY(&c_jmp) {
+      mrb->jmp = &c_jmp;
+      /* recursive call */
+      val = mrb_funcall_with_block(mrb, self, mid, argc, argv, blk);
+      mrb->jmp = 0;
+    }
+    MRB_CATCH(&c_jmp) { /* error */
+      while (nth_ci < (mrb->c->ci - mrb->c->cibase)) {
+        mrb->c->stack = mrb->c->ci->stackent;
+        cipop(mrb);
+      }
+      mrb->jmp = 0;
+      val = mrb_obj_value(mrb->exc);
+    }
+    MRB_END_EXC(&c_jmp);
+    mrb->jmp = 0;
+  }
+  else {
+    mrb_method_t m;
+    struct RClass *c;
+    mrb_callinfo *ci;
+    int n;
+    ptrdiff_t voff = -1;
+
+    if (!mrb->c->stack) {
+      stack_init(mrb);
+    }
+    n = mrb->c->ci->nregs;
+    if (argc < 0) {
+      mrb_raisef(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, "negative argc for funcall (%S)", mrb_fixnum_value(argc));
+    }
+    c = mrb_class(mrb, self);
+    m = mrb_method_search_vm(mrb, &c, mid);
+    if (MRB_METHOD_UNDEF_P(m)) {
+      mrb_sym missing = mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "method_missing");
+      mrb_value args = mrb_ary_new_from_values(mrb, argc, argv);
+      m = mrb_method_search_vm(mrb, &c, missing);
+      if (MRB_METHOD_UNDEF_P(m)) {
+        mrb_method_missing(mrb, mid, self, args);
+      }
+      mrb_ary_unshift(mrb, args, mrb_symbol_value(mid));
+      stack_extend(mrb, n+2);
+      mrb->c->stack[n+1] = args;
+      argc = -1;
+    }
+    if (mrb->c->ci - mrb->c->cibase > MRB_FUNCALL_DEPTH_MAX) {
+      mrb_exc_raise(mrb, mrb_obj_value(mrb->stack_err));
+    }
+    ci = cipush(mrb);
+    ci->mid = mid;
+    ci->stackent = mrb->c->stack;
+    ci->argc = (int)argc;
+    ci->target_class = c;
+    mrb->c->stack = mrb->c->stack + n;
+    if (mrb->c->stbase <= argv && argv < mrb->c->stend) {
+      voff = argv - mrb->c->stbase;
+    }
+    if (MRB_METHOD_CFUNC_P(m)) {
+      ci->nregs = (int)(argc + 2);
+      stack_extend(mrb, ci->nregs);
+    }
+    else if (argc >= CALL_MAXARGS) {
+      mrb_value args = mrb_ary_new_from_values(mrb, argc, argv);
+      stack_extend(mrb, ci->nregs+2);
+      mrb->c->stack[1] = args;
+      ci->argc = -1;
+      argc = 1;
+    }
+    else {
+      struct RProc *p = MRB_METHOD_PROC(m);
+      ci->proc = p;
+      if (argc < 0) argc = 1;
+      ci->nregs = (int)(p->body.irep->nregs + argc);
+      stack_extend(mrb, ci->nregs);
+    }
+    if (voff >= 0) {
+      argv = mrb->c->stbase + voff;
+    }
+    mrb->c->stack[0] = self;
+    if (ci->argc > 0) {
+      stack_copy(mrb->c->stack+1, argv, argc);
+    }
+    mrb->c->stack[argc+1] = blk;
+
+    if (MRB_METHOD_CFUNC_P(m)) {
+      int ai = mrb_gc_arena_save(mrb);
+
+      ci->acc = CI_ACC_DIRECT;
+      if (MRB_METHOD_PROC_P(m)) {
+        ci->proc = MRB_METHOD_PROC(m);
+      }
+      val = MRB_METHOD_CFUNC(m)(mrb, self);
+      mrb->c->stack = mrb->c->ci->stackent;
+      cipop(mrb);
+      mrb_gc_arena_restore(mrb, ai);
+    }
+    else {
+      ci->acc = CI_ACC_SKIP;
+      val = mrb_run(mrb, MRB_METHOD_PROC(m), self);
+    }
+  }
+  mrb_gc_protect(mrb, val);
+  return val;
+}
+
+MRB_API mrb_value
+mrb_funcall_argv(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self, mrb_sym mid, mrb_int argc, const mrb_value *argv)
+{
+  return mrb_funcall_with_block(mrb, self, mid, argc, argv, mrb_nil_value());
+}
+
+mrb_value
+mrb_exec_irep(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self, struct RProc *p)
+{
+  mrb_callinfo *ci = mrb->c->ci;
+  int keep;
+
+  mrb->c->stack[0] = self;
+  ci->proc = p;
+  if (MRB_PROC_CFUNC_P(p)) {
+    return MRB_PROC_CFUNC(p)(mrb, self);
+  }
+  ci->nregs = p->body.irep->nregs;
+  if (ci->argc < 0) keep = 3;
+  else keep = ci->argc + 1;
+  if (ci->nregs < keep) {
+    stack_extend(mrb, keep);
+  }
+  else {
+    stack_extend(mrb, ci->nregs);
+    stack_clear(mrb->c->stack+keep, ci->nregs-keep);
+  }
+
+  ci = cipush(mrb);
+  ci->nregs = 0;
+  ci->target_class = 0;
+  ci->pc = p->body.irep->iseq;
+  ci->stackent = mrb->c->stack;
+  ci->acc = 0;
+
+  return self;
+}
+
+/* 15.3.1.3.4  */
+/* 15.3.1.3.44 */
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     obj.send(symbol [, args...])        -> obj
+ *     obj.__send__(symbol [, args...])      -> obj
+ *
+ *  Invokes the method identified by _symbol_, passing it any
+ *  arguments specified. You can use <code>__send__</code> if the name
+ *  +send+ clashes with an existing method in _obj_.
+ *
+ *     class Klass
+ *       def hello(*args)
+ *         "Hello " + args.join(' ')
+ *       end
+ *     end
+ *     k = Klass.new
+ *     k.send :hello, "gentle", "readers"   #=> "Hello gentle readers"
+ */
+MRB_API mrb_value
+mrb_f_send(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self)
+{
+  mrb_sym name;
+  mrb_value block, *argv, *regs;
+  mrb_int argc, i, len;
+  mrb_method_t m;
+  struct RClass *c;
+  mrb_callinfo *ci;
+
+  mrb_get_args(mrb, "n*&", &name, &argv, &argc, &block);
+  ci = mrb->c->ci;
+  if (ci->acc < 0) {
+  funcall:
+    return mrb_funcall_with_block(mrb, self, name, argc, argv, block);
+  }
+
+  c = mrb_class(mrb, self);
+  m = mrb_method_search_vm(mrb, &c, name);
+  if (MRB_METHOD_UNDEF_P(m)) {            /* call method_mising */
+    goto funcall;
+  }
+
+  ci->mid = name;
+  ci->target_class = c;
+  regs = mrb->c->stack+1;
+  /* remove first symbol from arguments */
+  if (ci->argc >= 0) {
+    for (i=0,len=ci->argc; i<len; i++) {
+      regs[i] = regs[i+1];
+    }
+    ci->argc--;
+  }
+  else {                     /* variable length arguments */
+    mrb_ary_shift(mrb, regs[0]);
+  }
+
+  if (MRB_METHOD_CFUNC_P(m)) {
+    if (MRB_METHOD_PROC_P(m)) {
+      ci->proc = MRB_METHOD_PROC(m);
+    }
+    return MRB_METHOD_CFUNC(m)(mrb, self);
+  }
+  return mrb_exec_irep(mrb, self, MRB_METHOD_PROC(m));
+}
+
+static mrb_value
+eval_under(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self, mrb_value blk, struct RClass *c)
+{
+  struct RProc *p;
+  mrb_callinfo *ci;
+
+  if (mrb_nil_p(blk)) {
+    mrb_raise(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, "no block given");
+  }
+  ci = mrb->c->ci;
+  if (ci->acc == CI_ACC_DIRECT) {
+    ci->target_class = c;
+    return mrb_yield_cont(mrb, blk, self, 1, &self);
+  }
+  ci->target_class = c;
+  p = mrb_proc_ptr(blk);
+  ci->proc = p;
+  ci->argc = 1;
+  ci->mid = ci[-1].mid;
+  if (MRB_PROC_CFUNC_P(p)) {
+    stack_extend(mrb, 3);
+    mrb->c->stack[0] = self;
+    mrb->c->stack[1] = self;
+    mrb->c->stack[2] = mrb_nil_value();
+    return MRB_PROC_CFUNC(p)(mrb, self);
+  }
+  ci->nregs = p->body.irep->nregs;
+  stack_extend(mrb, (ci->nregs < 3) ? 3 : ci->nregs);
+  mrb->c->stack[0] = self;
+  mrb->c->stack[1] = self;
+  mrb->c->stack[2] = mrb_nil_value();
+  ci = cipush(mrb);
+  ci->nregs = 0;
+  ci->target_class = 0;
+  ci->pc = p->body.irep->iseq;
+  ci->stackent = mrb->c->stack;
+  ci->acc = 0;
+
+  return self;
+}
+
+/* 15.2.2.4.35 */
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     mod.class_eval {| | block }  -> obj
+ *     mod.module_eval {| | block } -> obj
+ *
+ *  Evaluates block in the context of _mod_. This can
+ *  be used to add methods to a class. <code>module_eval</code> returns
+ *  the result of evaluating its argument.
+ */
+mrb_value
+mrb_mod_module_eval(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value mod)
+{
+  mrb_value a, b;
+
+  if (mrb_get_args(mrb, "|S&", &a, &b) == 1) {
+    mrb_raise(mrb, E_NOTIMP_ERROR, "module_eval/class_eval with string not implemented");
+  }
+  return eval_under(mrb, mod, b, mrb_class_ptr(mod));
+}
+
+/* 15.3.1.3.18 */
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     obj.instance_eval {| | block }                       -> obj
+ *
+ *  Evaluates the given block,within  the context of the receiver (_obj_).
+ *  In order to set the context, the variable +self+ is set to _obj_ while
+ *  the code is executing, giving the code access to _obj_'s
+ *  instance variables. In the version of <code>instance_eval</code>
+ *  that takes a +String+, the optional second and third
+ *  parameters supply a filename and starting line number that are used
+ *  when reporting compilation errors.
+ *
+ *     class KlassWithSecret
+ *       def initialize
+ *         @secret = 99
+ *       end
+ *     end
+ *     k = KlassWithSecret.new
+ *     k.instance_eval { @secret }   #=> 99
+ */
+mrb_value
+mrb_obj_instance_eval(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self)
+{
+  mrb_value a, b;
+  mrb_value cv;
+  struct RClass *c;
+
+  if (mrb_get_args(mrb, "|S&", &a, &b) == 1) {
+    mrb_raise(mrb, E_NOTIMP_ERROR, "instance_eval with string not implemented");
+  }
+  switch (mrb_type(self)) {
+  case MRB_TT_SYMBOL:
+  case MRB_TT_FIXNUM:
+#ifndef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
+  case MRB_TT_FLOAT:
+#endif
+    c = 0;
+    break;
+  default:
+    cv = mrb_singleton_class(mrb, self);
+    c = mrb_class_ptr(cv);
+    break;
+  }
+  return eval_under(mrb, self, b, c);
+}
+
+MRB_API mrb_value
+mrb_yield_with_class(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value b, mrb_int argc, const mrb_value *argv, mrb_value self, struct RClass *c)
+{
+  struct RProc *p;
+  mrb_sym mid = mrb->c->ci->mid;
+  mrb_callinfo *ci;
+  int n = mrb->c->ci->nregs;
+  mrb_value val;
+
+  if (mrb_nil_p(b)) {
+    mrb_raise(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, "no block given");
+  }
+  if (mrb->c->ci - mrb->c->cibase > MRB_FUNCALL_DEPTH_MAX) {
+    mrb_exc_raise(mrb, mrb_obj_value(mrb->stack_err));
+  }
+  p = mrb_proc_ptr(b);
+  ci = cipush(mrb);
+  ci->mid = mid;
+  ci->proc = p;
+  ci->stackent = mrb->c->stack;
+  ci->argc = (int)argc;
+  ci->target_class = c;
+  ci->acc = CI_ACC_SKIP;
+  mrb->c->stack = mrb->c->stack + n;
+  ci->nregs = MRB_PROC_CFUNC_P(p) ? (int)(argc+2) : p->body.irep->nregs;
+  stack_extend(mrb, ci->nregs);
+
+  mrb->c->stack[0] = self;
+  if (argc > 0) {
+    stack_copy(mrb->c->stack+1, argv, argc);
+  }
+  mrb->c->stack[argc+1] = mrb_nil_value();
+
+  if (MRB_PROC_CFUNC_P(p)) {
+    val = MRB_PROC_CFUNC(p)(mrb, self);
+    mrb->c->stack = mrb->c->ci->stackent;
+    cipop(mrb);
+  }
+  else {
+    val = mrb_run(mrb, p, self);
+  }
+  return val;
+}
+
+MRB_API mrb_value
+mrb_yield_argv(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value b, mrb_int argc, const mrb_value *argv)
+{
+  struct RProc *p = mrb_proc_ptr(b);
+
+  return mrb_yield_with_class(mrb, b, argc, argv, MRB_PROC_ENV(p)->stack[0], MRB_PROC_TARGET_CLASS(p));
+}
+
+MRB_API mrb_value
+mrb_yield(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value b, mrb_value arg)
+{
+  struct RProc *p = mrb_proc_ptr(b);
+
+  return mrb_yield_with_class(mrb, b, 1, &arg, MRB_PROC_ENV(p)->stack[0], MRB_PROC_TARGET_CLASS(p));
+}
+
+mrb_value
+mrb_yield_cont(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value b, mrb_value self, mrb_int argc, const mrb_value *argv)
+{
+  struct RProc *p;
+  mrb_callinfo *ci;
+
+  if (mrb_nil_p(b)) {
+    mrb_raise(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, "no block given");
+  }
+  if (mrb_type(b) != MRB_TT_PROC) {
+    mrb_raise(mrb, E_TYPE_ERROR, "not a block");
+  }
+
+  p = mrb_proc_ptr(b);
+  ci = mrb->c->ci;
+
+  stack_extend(mrb, 3);
+  mrb->c->stack[1] = mrb_ary_new_from_values(mrb, argc, argv);
+  mrb->c->stack[2] = mrb_nil_value();
+  ci->argc = -1;
+  return mrb_exec_irep(mrb, self, p);
+}
+
+mrb_value
+mrb_mod_s_nesting(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value mod)
+{
+  struct RProc *proc;
+  mrb_value ary;
+  struct RClass *c = NULL;
+
+  mrb_get_args(mrb, "");
+  ary = mrb_ary_new(mrb);
+  proc = mrb->c->ci[-1].proc;   /* callee proc */
+  mrb_assert(!MRB_PROC_CFUNC_P(proc));
+  while (proc) {
+    if (MRB_PROC_SCOPE_P(proc)) {
+      struct RClass *c2 = MRB_PROC_TARGET_CLASS(proc);
+
+      if (c2 != c) {
+        c = c2;
+        mrb_ary_push(mrb, ary, mrb_obj_value(c));
+      }
+    }
+    proc = proc->upper;
+  }
+  return ary;
+}
+
+static struct RBreak*
+break_new(mrb_state *mrb, struct RProc *p, mrb_value val)
+{
+  struct RBreak *brk;
+
+  brk = (struct RBreak*)mrb_obj_alloc(mrb, MRB_TT_BREAK, NULL);
+  brk->proc = p;
+  brk->val = val;
+
+  return brk;
+}
+
+typedef enum {
+  LOCALJUMP_ERROR_RETURN = 0,
+  LOCALJUMP_ERROR_BREAK = 1,
+  LOCALJUMP_ERROR_YIELD = 2
+} localjump_error_kind;
+
+static void
+localjump_error(mrb_state *mrb, localjump_error_kind kind)
+{
+  char kind_str[3][7] = { "return", "break", "yield" };
+  char kind_str_len[] = { 6, 5, 5 };
+  static const char lead[] = "unexpected ";
+  mrb_value msg;
+  mrb_value exc;
+
+  msg = mrb_str_new_capa(mrb, sizeof(lead) + 7);
+  mrb_str_cat(mrb, msg, lead, sizeof(lead) - 1);
+  mrb_str_cat(mrb, msg, kind_str[kind], kind_str_len[kind]);
+  exc = mrb_exc_new_str(mrb, E_LOCALJUMP_ERROR, msg);
+  mrb_exc_set(mrb, exc);
+}
+
+static void
+argnum_error(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_int num)
+{
+  mrb_value exc;
+  mrb_value str;
+  mrb_int argc = mrb->c->ci->argc;
+
+  if (argc < 0) {
+    mrb_value args = mrb->c->stack[1];
+    if (mrb_array_p(args)) {
+      argc = RARRAY_LEN(args);
+    }
+  }
+  if (mrb->c->ci->mid) {
+    str = mrb_format(mrb, "'%S': wrong number of arguments (%S for %S)",
+                  mrb_sym2str(mrb, mrb->c->ci->mid),
+                  mrb_fixnum_value(argc), mrb_fixnum_value(num));
+  }
+  else {
+    str = mrb_format(mrb, "wrong number of arguments (%S for %S)",
+                     mrb_fixnum_value(argc), mrb_fixnum_value(num));
+  }
+  exc = mrb_exc_new_str(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, str);
+  mrb_exc_set(mrb, exc);
+}
+
+#define ERR_PC_SET(mrb, pc) mrb->c->ci->err = pc;
+#define ERR_PC_CLR(mrb)     mrb->c->ci->err = 0;
+#ifdef MRB_ENABLE_DEBUG_HOOK
+#define CODE_FETCH_HOOK(mrb, irep, pc, regs) if ((mrb)->code_fetch_hook) (mrb)->code_fetch_hook((mrb), (irep), (pc), (regs));
+#else
+#define CODE_FETCH_HOOK(mrb, irep, pc, regs)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef MRB_BYTECODE_DECODE_OPTION
+#define BYTECODE_DECODER(x) ((mrb)->bytecode_decoder)?(mrb)->bytecode_decoder((mrb), (x)):(x)
+#else
+#define BYTECODE_DECODER(x) (x)
+#endif
+
+
+#if defined __GNUC__ || defined __clang__ || defined __INTEL_COMPILER
+#define DIRECT_THREADED
+#endif
+
+#ifndef DIRECT_THREADED
+
+#define INIT_DISPATCH for (;;) { i = BYTECODE_DECODER(*pc); CODE_FETCH_HOOK(mrb, irep, pc, regs); switch (GET_OPCODE(i)) {
+#define CASE(op) case op:
+#define NEXT pc++; break
+#define JUMP break
+#define END_DISPATCH }}
+
+#else
+
+#define INIT_DISPATCH JUMP; return mrb_nil_value();
+#define CASE(op) L_ ## op:
+#define NEXT i=BYTECODE_DECODER(*++pc); CODE_FETCH_HOOK(mrb, irep, pc, regs); goto *optable[GET_OPCODE(i)]
+#define JUMP i=BYTECODE_DECODER(*pc); CODE_FETCH_HOOK(mrb, irep, pc, regs); goto *optable[GET_OPCODE(i)]
+
+#define END_DISPATCH
+
+#endif
+
+MRB_API mrb_value
+mrb_vm_run(mrb_state *mrb, struct RProc *proc, mrb_value self, unsigned int stack_keep)
+{
+  mrb_irep *irep = proc->body.irep;
+  mrb_value result;
+  struct mrb_context *c = mrb->c;
+  ptrdiff_t cioff = c->ci - c->cibase;
+  unsigned int nregs = irep->nregs;
+
+  if (!c->stack) {
+    stack_init(mrb);
+  }
+  if (stack_keep > nregs)
+    nregs = stack_keep;
+  stack_extend(mrb, nregs);
+  stack_clear(c->stack + stack_keep, nregs - stack_keep);
+  c->stack[0] = self;
+  result = mrb_vm_exec(mrb, proc, irep->iseq);
+  if (c->ci - c->cibase > cioff) {
+    c->ci = c->cibase + cioff;
+  }
+  if (mrb->c != c) {
+    if (mrb->c->fib) {
+      mrb_write_barrier(mrb, (struct RBasic*)mrb->c->fib);
+    }
+    mrb->c = c;
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+MRB_API mrb_value
+mrb_vm_exec(mrb_state *mrb, struct RProc *proc, mrb_code *pc)
+{
+  /* mrb_assert(mrb_proc_cfunc_p(proc)) */
+  mrb_irep *irep = proc->body.irep;
+  mrb_value *pool = irep->pool;
+  mrb_sym *syms = irep->syms;
+  mrb_code i;
+  int ai = mrb_gc_arena_save(mrb);
+  struct mrb_jmpbuf *prev_jmp = mrb->jmp;
+  struct mrb_jmpbuf c_jmp;
+
+#ifdef DIRECT_THREADED
+  static void *optable[] = {
+    &&L_OP_NOP, &&L_OP_MOVE,
+    &&L_OP_LOADL, &&L_OP_LOADI, &&L_OP_LOADSYM, &&L_OP_LOADNIL,
+    &&L_OP_LOADSELF, &&L_OP_LOADT, &&L_OP_LOADF,
+    &&L_OP_GETGLOBAL, &&L_OP_SETGLOBAL, &&L_OP_GETSPECIAL, &&L_OP_SETSPECIAL,
+    &&L_OP_GETIV, &&L_OP_SETIV, &&L_OP_GETCV, &&L_OP_SETCV,
+    &&L_OP_GETCONST, &&L_OP_SETCONST, &&L_OP_GETMCNST, &&L_OP_SETMCNST,
+    &&L_OP_GETUPVAR, &&L_OP_SETUPVAR,
+    &&L_OP_JMP, &&L_OP_JMPIF, &&L_OP_JMPNOT,
+    &&L_OP_ONERR, &&L_OP_RESCUE, &&L_OP_POPERR, &&L_OP_RAISE, &&L_OP_EPUSH, &&L_OP_EPOP,
+    &&L_OP_SEND, &&L_OP_SENDB, &&L_OP_FSEND,
+    &&L_OP_CALL, &&L_OP_SUPER, &&L_OP_ARGARY, &&L_OP_ENTER,
+    &&L_OP_KARG, &&L_OP_KDICT, &&L_OP_RETURN, &&L_OP_TAILCALL, &&L_OP_BLKPUSH,
+    &&L_OP_ADD, &&L_OP_ADDI, &&L_OP_SUB, &&L_OP_SUBI, &&L_OP_MUL, &&L_OP_DIV,
+    &&L_OP_EQ, &&L_OP_LT, &&L_OP_LE, &&L_OP_GT, &&L_OP_GE,
+    &&L_OP_ARRAY, &&L_OP_ARYCAT, &&L_OP_ARYPUSH, &&L_OP_AREF, &&L_OP_ASET, &&L_OP_APOST,
+    &&L_OP_STRING, &&L_OP_STRCAT, &&L_OP_HASH,
+    &&L_OP_LAMBDA, &&L_OP_RANGE, &&L_OP_OCLASS,
+    &&L_OP_CLASS, &&L_OP_MODULE, &&L_OP_EXEC,
+    &&L_OP_METHOD, &&L_OP_SCLASS, &&L_OP_TCLASS,
+    &&L_OP_DEBUG, &&L_OP_STOP, &&L_OP_ERR,
+  };
+#endif
+
+  mrb_bool exc_catched = FALSE;
+RETRY_TRY_BLOCK:
+
+  MRB_TRY(&c_jmp) {
+
+  if (exc_catched) {
+    exc_catched = FALSE;
+    if (mrb->exc && mrb->exc->tt == MRB_TT_BREAK)
+      goto L_BREAK;
+    goto L_RAISE;
+  }
+  mrb->jmp = &c_jmp;
+  mrb->c->ci->proc = proc;
+  mrb->c->ci->nregs = irep->nregs;
+
+#define regs (mrb->c->stack)
+  INIT_DISPATCH {
+    CASE(OP_NOP) {
+      /* do nothing */
+      NEXT;
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_MOVE) {
+      /* A B    R(A) := R(B) */
+      int a = GETARG_A(i);
+      int b = GETARG_B(i);
+      regs[a] = regs[b];
+      NEXT;
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_LOADL) {
+      /* A Bx   R(A) := Pool(Bx) */
+      int a = GETARG_A(i);
+      int bx = GETARG_Bx(i);
+#ifdef MRB_WORD_BOXING
+      mrb_value val = pool[bx];
+#ifndef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
+      if (mrb_float_p(val)) {
+        val = mrb_float_value(mrb, mrb_float(val));
+      }
+#endif
+      regs[a] = val;
+#else
+      regs[a] = pool[bx];
+#endif
+      NEXT;
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_LOADI) {
+      /* A sBx  R(A) := sBx */
+      int a = GETARG_A(i);
+      mrb_int bx = GETARG_sBx(i);
+      SET_INT_VALUE(regs[a], bx);
+      NEXT;
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_LOADSYM) {
+      /* A Bx   R(A) := Syms(Bx) */
+      int a = GETARG_A(i);
+      int bx = GETARG_Bx(i);
+      SET_SYM_VALUE(regs[a], syms[bx]);
+      NEXT;
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_LOADSELF) {
+      /* A      R(A) := self */
+      int a = GETARG_A(i);
+      regs[a] = regs[0];
+      NEXT;
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_LOADT) {
+      /* A      R(A) := true */
+      int a = GETARG_A(i);
+      SET_TRUE_VALUE(regs[a]);
+      NEXT;
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_LOADF) {
+      /* A      R(A) := false */
+      int a = GETARG_A(i);
+      SET_FALSE_VALUE(regs[a]);
+      NEXT;
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_GETGLOBAL) {
+      /* A Bx   R(A) := getglobal(Syms(Bx)) */
+      int a = GETARG_A(i);
+      int bx = GETARG_Bx(i);
+      mrb_value val = mrb_gv_get(mrb, syms[bx]);
+      regs[a] = val;
+      NEXT;
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_SETGLOBAL) {
+      /* A Bx   setglobal(Syms(Bx), R(A)) */
+      int a = GETARG_A(i);
+      int bx = GETARG_Bx(i);
+      mrb_gv_set(mrb, syms[bx], regs[a]);
+      NEXT;
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_GETSPECIAL) {
+      /* A Bx   R(A) := Special[Bx] */
+      int a = GETARG_A(i);
+      int bx = GETARG_Bx(i);
+      mrb_value val = mrb_vm_special_get(mrb, bx);
+      regs[a] = val;
+      NEXT;
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_SETSPECIAL) {
+      /* A Bx   Special[Bx] := R(A) */
+      int a = GETARG_A(i);
+      int bx = GETARG_Bx(i);
+      mrb_vm_special_set(mrb, bx, regs[a]);
+      NEXT;
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_GETIV) {
+      /* A Bx   R(A) := ivget(Bx) */
+      int a = GETARG_A(i);
+      int bx = GETARG_Bx(i);
+      mrb_value val = mrb_vm_iv_get(mrb, syms[bx]);
+      regs[a] = val;
+      NEXT;
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_SETIV) {
+      /* A Bx   ivset(Syms(Bx),R(A)) */
+      int a = GETARG_A(i);
+      int bx = GETARG_Bx(i);
+      mrb_vm_iv_set(mrb, syms[bx], regs[a]);
+      NEXT;
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_GETCV) {
+      /* A Bx   R(A) := cvget(Syms(Bx)) */
+      int a = GETARG_A(i);
+      int bx = GETARG_Bx(i);
+      mrb_value val;
+      ERR_PC_SET(mrb, pc);
+      val = mrb_vm_cv_get(mrb, syms[bx]);
+      ERR_PC_CLR(mrb);
+      regs[a] = val;
+      NEXT;
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_SETCV) {
+      /* A Bx   cvset(Syms(Bx),R(A)) */
+      int a = GETARG_A(i);
+      int bx = GETARG_Bx(i);
+      mrb_vm_cv_set(mrb, syms[bx], regs[a]);
+      NEXT;
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_GETCONST) {
+      /* A Bx    R(A) := constget(Syms(Bx)) */
+      mrb_value val;
+      int a = GETARG_A(i);
+      int bx = GETARG_Bx(i);
+      mrb_sym sym = syms[bx];
+
+      ERR_PC_SET(mrb, pc);
+      val = mrb_vm_const_get(mrb, sym);
+      ERR_PC_CLR(mrb);
+      regs[a] = val;
+      NEXT;
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_SETCONST) {
+      /* A Bx   constset(Syms(Bx),R(A)) */
+      int a = GETARG_A(i);
+      int bx = GETARG_Bx(i);
+      mrb_vm_const_set(mrb, syms[bx], regs[a]);
+      NEXT;
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_GETMCNST) {
+      /* A Bx   R(A) := R(A)::Syms(Bx) */
+      mrb_value val;
+      int a = GETARG_A(i);
+      int bx = GETARG_Bx(i);
+
+      ERR_PC_SET(mrb, pc);
+      val = mrb_const_get(mrb, regs[a], syms[bx]);
+      ERR_PC_CLR(mrb);
+      regs[a] = val;
+      NEXT;
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_SETMCNST) {
+      /* A Bx    R(A+1)::Syms(Bx) := R(A) */
+      int a = GETARG_A(i);
+      int bx = GETARG_Bx(i);
+      mrb_const_set(mrb, regs[a+1], syms[bx], regs[a]);
+      NEXT;
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_GETUPVAR) {
+      /* A B C  R(A) := uvget(B,C) */
+      int a = GETARG_A(i);
+      int b = GETARG_B(i);
+      int c = GETARG_C(i);
+      mrb_value *regs_a = regs + a;
+      struct REnv *e = uvenv(mrb, c);
+
+      if (!e) {
+        *regs_a = mrb_nil_value();
+      }
+      else {
+        *regs_a = e->stack[b];
+      }
+      NEXT;
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_SETUPVAR) {
+      /* A B C  uvset(B,C,R(A)) */
+      int a = GETARG_A(i);
+      int b = GETARG_B(i);
+      int c = GETARG_C(i);
+
+      struct REnv *e = uvenv(mrb, c);
+
+      if (e) {
+        mrb_value *regs_a = regs + a;
+
+        if (b < MRB_ENV_STACK_LEN(e)) {
+          e->stack[b] = *regs_a;
+          mrb_write_barrier(mrb, (struct RBasic*)e);
+        }
+      }
+      NEXT;
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_JMP) {
+      /* sBx    pc+=sBx */
+      int sbx = GETARG_sBx(i);
+      pc += sbx;
+      JUMP;
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_JMPIF) {
+      /* A sBx  if R(A) pc+=sBx */
+      int a = GETARG_A(i);
+      int sbx = GETARG_sBx(i);
+      if (mrb_test(regs[a])) {
+        pc += sbx;
+        JUMP;
+      }
+      NEXT;
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_JMPNOT) {
+      /* A sBx  if !R(A) pc+=sBx */
+      int a = GETARG_A(i);
+      int sbx = GETARG_sBx(i);
+      if (!mrb_test(regs[a])) {
+        pc += sbx;
+        JUMP;
+      }
+      NEXT;
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_ONERR) {
+      /* sBx    pc+=sBx on exception */
+      int sbx = GETARG_sBx(i);
+      if (mrb->c->rsize <= mrb->c->ci->ridx) {
+        if (mrb->c->rsize == 0) mrb->c->rsize = RESCUE_STACK_INIT_SIZE;
+        else mrb->c->rsize *= 2;
+        mrb->c->rescue = (mrb_code **)mrb_realloc(mrb, mrb->c->rescue, sizeof(mrb_code*) * mrb->c->rsize);
+      }
+      mrb->c->rescue[mrb->c->ci->ridx++] = pc + sbx;
+      NEXT;
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_RESCUE) {
+      /* A B    R(A) := exc; clear(exc); R(B) := matched (bool) */
+      int a = GETARG_A(i);
+      int b = GETARG_B(i);
+      int c = GETARG_C(i);
+      mrb_value exc;
+
+      if (c == 0) {
+        exc = mrb_obj_value(mrb->exc);
+        mrb->exc = 0;
+      }
+      else {           /* continued; exc taken from R(A) */
+        exc = regs[a];
+      }
+      if (b != 0) {
+        mrb_value e = regs[b];
+        struct RClass *ec;
+
+        switch (mrb_type(e)) {
+        case MRB_TT_CLASS:
+        case MRB_TT_MODULE:
+          break;
+        default:
+          {
+            mrb_value exc;
+
+            exc = mrb_exc_new_str_lit(mrb, E_TYPE_ERROR,
+                  "class or module required for rescue clause");
+            mrb_exc_set(mrb, exc);
+            goto L_RAISE;
+          }
+        }
+        ec = mrb_class_ptr(e);
+        regs[b] = mrb_bool_value(mrb_obj_is_kind_of(mrb, exc, ec));
+      }
+      if (a != 0 && c == 0) {
+        regs[a] = exc;
+      }
+      NEXT;
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_POPERR) {
+      /* A      A.times{rescue_pop()} */
+      int a = GETARG_A(i);
+
+      mrb->c->ci->ridx -= a;
+      NEXT;
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_RAISE) {
+      /* A      raise(R(A)) */
+      int a = GETARG_A(i);
+
+      mrb_exc_set(mrb, regs[a]);
+      goto L_RAISE;
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_EPUSH) {
+      /* Bx     ensure_push(SEQ[Bx]) */
+      int bx = GETARG_Bx(i);
+      struct RProc *p;
+
+      p = mrb_closure_new(mrb, irep->reps[bx]);
+      /* push ensure_stack */
+      if (mrb->c->esize <= mrb->c->eidx+1) {
+        if (mrb->c->esize == 0) mrb->c->esize = ENSURE_STACK_INIT_SIZE;
+        else mrb->c->esize *= 2;
+        mrb->c->ensure = (struct RProc **)mrb_realloc(mrb, mrb->c->ensure, sizeof(struct RProc*) * mrb->c->esize);
+      }
+      mrb->c->ensure[mrb->c->eidx++] = p;
+      mrb->c->ensure[mrb->c->eidx] = NULL;
+      mrb_gc_arena_restore(mrb, ai);
+      NEXT;
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_EPOP) {
+      /* A      A.times{ensure_pop().call} */
+      int a = GETARG_A(i);
+      mrb_callinfo *ci = mrb->c->ci;
+      int n, epos = ci->epos;
+      mrb_value self = regs[0];
+      struct RClass *target_class = ci->target_class;
+
+      if (mrb->c->eidx <= epos) {
+        NEXT;
+      }
+
+      if (a > mrb->c->eidx - epos)
+        a = mrb->c->eidx - epos;
+      pc = pc + 1;
+      for (n=0; n<a; n++) {
+        proc = mrb->c->ensure[epos+n];
+        mrb->c->ensure[epos+n] = NULL;
+        irep = proc->body.irep;
+        ci = cipush(mrb);
+        ci->mid = ci[-1].mid;
+        ci->argc = 0;
+        ci->proc = proc;
+        ci->stackent = mrb->c->stack;
+        ci->nregs = irep->nregs;
+        ci->target_class = target_class;
+        ci->pc = pc;
+        ci->acc = ci[-1].nregs;
+        mrb->c->stack += ci->acc;
+        stack_extend(mrb, ci->nregs);
+        regs[0] = self;
+        pc = irep->iseq;
+      }
+      pool = irep->pool;
+      syms = irep->syms;
+      mrb->c->eidx = epos;
+      JUMP;
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_LOADNIL) {
+      /* A     R(A) := nil */
+      int a = GETARG_A(i);
+
+      SET_NIL_VALUE(regs[a]);
+      NEXT;
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_SENDB) {
+      /* A B C  R(A) := call(R(A),Syms(B),R(A+1),...,R(A+C),&R(A+C+1))*/
+      /* fall through */
+    };
+
+  L_SEND:
+    CASE(OP_SEND) {
+      /* A B C  R(A) := call(R(A),Syms(B),R(A+1),...,R(A+C)) */
+      int a = GETARG_A(i);
+      int n = GETARG_C(i);
+      int argc = (n == CALL_MAXARGS) ? -1 : n;
+      int bidx = (argc < 0) ? a+2 : a+n+1;
+      mrb_method_t m;
+      struct RClass *c;
+      mrb_callinfo *ci = mrb->c->ci;
+      mrb_value recv, blk;
+      mrb_sym mid = syms[GETARG_B(i)];
+
+      mrb_assert(bidx < ci->nregs);
+
+      recv = regs[a];
+      if (GET_OPCODE(i) != OP_SENDB) {
+        SET_NIL_VALUE(regs[bidx]);
+        blk = regs[bidx];
+      }
+      else {
+        blk = regs[bidx];
+        if (!mrb_nil_p(blk) && mrb_type(blk) != MRB_TT_PROC) {
+          blk = mrb_convert_type(mrb, blk, MRB_TT_PROC, "Proc", "to_proc");
+          /* The stack might have been reallocated during mrb_convert_type(),
+             see #3622 */
+          regs[bidx] = blk;
+        }
+      }
+      c = mrb_class(mrb, recv);
+      m = mrb_method_search_vm(mrb, &c, mid);
+      if (MRB_METHOD_UNDEF_P(m)) {
+        mrb_sym missing = mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "method_missing");
+        m = mrb_method_search_vm(mrb, &c, missing);
+        if (MRB_METHOD_UNDEF_P(m) || (missing == mrb->c->ci->mid && mrb_obj_eq(mrb, regs[0], recv))) {
+          mrb_value args = (argc < 0) ? regs[a+1] : mrb_ary_new_from_values(mrb, n, regs+a+1);
+          ERR_PC_SET(mrb, pc);
+          mrb_method_missing(mrb, mid, recv, args);
+        }
+        if (argc >= 0) {
+          if (a+2 >= irep->nregs) {
+            stack_extend(mrb, a+3);
+          }
+          regs[a+1] = mrb_ary_new_from_values(mrb, n, regs+a+1);
+          regs[a+2] = blk;
+          argc = -1;
+        }
+        mrb_ary_unshift(mrb, regs[a+1], mrb_symbol_value(mid));
+        mid = missing;
+      }
+
+      /* push callinfo */
+      ci = cipush(mrb);
+      ci->mid = mid;
+      ci->stackent = mrb->c->stack;
+      ci->target_class = c;
+      ci->argc = argc;
+
+      ci->pc = pc + 1;
+      ci->acc = a;
+
+      /* prepare stack */
+      mrb->c->stack += a;
+
+      if (MRB_METHOD_CFUNC_P(m)) {
+        ci->nregs = (argc < 0) ? 3 : n+2;
+        if (MRB_METHOD_PROC_P(m)) {
+          struct RProc *p = MRB_METHOD_PROC(m);
+
+          ci->proc = p;
+          recv = p->body.func(mrb, recv);
+        }
+        else {
+          recv = MRB_METHOD_FUNC(m)(mrb, recv);
+        }
+        mrb_gc_arena_restore(mrb, ai);
+        mrb_gc_arena_shrink(mrb, ai);
+        if (mrb->exc) goto L_RAISE;
+        ci = mrb->c->ci;
+        if (GET_OPCODE(i) == OP_SENDB) {
+          if (mrb_type(blk) == MRB_TT_PROC) {
+            struct RProc *p = mrb_proc_ptr(blk);
+            if (p && !MRB_PROC_STRICT_P(p) && MRB_PROC_ENV(p) == ci[-1].env) {
+              p->flags |= MRB_PROC_ORPHAN;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        if (!ci->target_class) { /* return from context modifying method (resume/yield) */
+          if (ci->acc == CI_ACC_RESUMED) {
+            mrb->jmp = prev_jmp;
+            return recv;
+          }
+          else {
+            mrb_assert(!MRB_PROC_CFUNC_P(ci[-1].proc));
+            proc = ci[-1].proc;
+            irep = proc->body.irep;
+            pool = irep->pool;
+            syms = irep->syms;
+          }
+        }
+        mrb->c->stack[0] = recv;
+        /* pop stackpos */
+        mrb->c->stack = ci->stackent;
+        pc = ci->pc;
+        cipop(mrb);
+        JUMP;
+      }
+      else {
+        /* setup environment for calling method */
+        proc = ci->proc = MRB_METHOD_PROC(m);
+        irep = proc->body.irep;
+        pool = irep->pool;
+        syms = irep->syms;
+        ci->nregs = irep->nregs;
+        stack_extend(mrb, (argc < 0 && ci->nregs < 3) ? 3 : ci->nregs);
+        pc = irep->iseq;
+        JUMP;
+      }
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_FSEND) {
+      /* A B C  R(A) := fcall(R(A),Syms(B),R(A+1),... ,R(A+C-1)) */
+      /* not implemented yet */
+      NEXT;
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_CALL) {
+      /* A      R(A) := self.call(frame.argc, frame.argv) */
+      mrb_callinfo *ci;
+      mrb_value recv = mrb->c->stack[0];
+      struct RProc *m = mrb_proc_ptr(recv);
+
+      /* replace callinfo */
+      ci = mrb->c->ci;
+      ci->target_class = MRB_PROC_TARGET_CLASS(m);
+      ci->proc = m;
+      if (MRB_PROC_ENV_P(m)) {
+        mrb_sym mid;
+        struct REnv *e = MRB_PROC_ENV(m);
+
+        mid = e->mid;
+        if (mid) ci->mid = mid;
+        if (!e->stack) {
+          e->stack = mrb->c->stack;
+        }
+      }
+
+      /* prepare stack */
+      if (MRB_PROC_CFUNC_P(m)) {
+        recv = MRB_PROC_CFUNC(m)(mrb, recv);
+        mrb_gc_arena_restore(mrb, ai);
+        mrb_gc_arena_shrink(mrb, ai);
+        if (mrb->exc) goto L_RAISE;
+        /* pop stackpos */
+        ci = mrb->c->ci;
+        mrb->c->stack = ci->stackent;
+        regs[ci->acc] = recv;
+        pc = ci->pc;
+        cipop(mrb);
+        irep = mrb->c->ci->proc->body.irep;
+        pool = irep->pool;
+        syms = irep->syms;
+        JUMP;
+      }
+      else {
+        /* setup environment for calling method */
+        proc = m;
+        irep = m->body.irep;
+        if (!irep) {
+          mrb->c->stack[0] = mrb_nil_value();
+          goto L_RETURN;
+        }
+        pool = irep->pool;
+        syms = irep->syms;
+        ci->nregs = irep->nregs;
+        stack_extend(mrb, ci->nregs);
+        if (ci->argc < 0) {
+          if (irep->nregs > 3) {
+            stack_clear(regs+3, irep->nregs-3);
+          }
+        }
+        else if (ci->argc+2 < irep->nregs) {
+          stack_clear(regs+ci->argc+2, irep->nregs-ci->argc-2);
+        }
+        if (MRB_PROC_ENV_P(m)) {
+          regs[0] = MRB_PROC_ENV(m)->stack[0];
+        }
+        pc = irep->iseq;
+        JUMP;
+      }
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_SUPER) {
+      /* A C  R(A) := super(R(A+1),... ,R(A+C+1)) */
+      int a = GETARG_A(i);
+      int n = GETARG_C(i);
+      int argc = (n == CALL_MAXARGS) ? -1 : n;
+      int bidx = (argc < 0) ? a+2 : a+n+1;
+      mrb_method_t m;
+      struct RClass *c;
+      mrb_callinfo *ci = mrb->c->ci;
+      mrb_value recv, blk;
+      mrb_sym mid = ci->mid;
+      struct RClass* target_class = MRB_PROC_TARGET_CLASS(ci->proc);
+
+      mrb_assert(bidx < ci->nregs);
+
+      if (mid == 0 || !target_class) {
+        mrb_value exc = mrb_exc_new_str_lit(mrb, E_NOMETHOD_ERROR, "super called outside of method");
+        mrb_exc_set(mrb, exc);
+        goto L_RAISE;
+      }
+      if (target_class->tt == MRB_TT_MODULE) {
+        target_class = ci->target_class;
+        if (target_class->tt != MRB_TT_ICLASS) {
+          mrb_value exc = mrb_exc_new_str_lit(mrb, E_RUNTIME_ERROR, "superclass info lost [mruby limitations]");
+          mrb_exc_set(mrb, exc);
+          goto L_RAISE;
+        }
+      }
+      recv = regs[0];
+      if (!mrb_obj_is_kind_of(mrb, recv, target_class)) {
+        mrb_value exc = mrb_exc_new_str_lit(mrb, E_TYPE_ERROR,
+                                            "self has wrong type to call super in this context");
+        mrb_exc_set(mrb, exc);
+        goto L_RAISE;
+      }
+      blk = regs[bidx];
+      if (!mrb_nil_p(blk) && mrb_type(blk) != MRB_TT_PROC) {
+        blk = mrb_convert_type(mrb, blk, MRB_TT_PROC, "Proc", "to_proc");
+        /* The stack or ci stack might have been reallocated during
+           mrb_convert_type(), see #3622 and #3784 */
+        regs[bidx] = blk;
+        ci = mrb->c->ci;
+      }
+      c = target_class->super;
+      m = mrb_method_search_vm(mrb, &c, mid);
+      if (MRB_METHOD_UNDEF_P(m)) {
+        mrb_sym missing = mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "method_missing");
+
+        if (mid != missing) {
+          c = mrb_class(mrb, recv);
+        }
+        m = mrb_method_search_vm(mrb, &c, missing);
+        if (MRB_METHOD_UNDEF_P(m)) {
+          mrb_value args = (argc < 0) ? regs[a+1] : mrb_ary_new_from_values(mrb, n, regs+a+1);
+          ERR_PC_SET(mrb, pc);
+          mrb_method_missing(mrb, mid, recv, args);
+        }
+        mid = missing;
+        if (argc >= 0) {
+          if (a+2 >= ci->nregs) {
+            stack_extend(mrb, a+3);
+          }
+          regs[a+1] = mrb_ary_new_from_values(mrb, n, regs+a+1);
+          regs[a+2] = blk;
+          argc = -1;
+        }
+        mrb_ary_unshift(mrb, regs[a+1], mrb_symbol_value(ci->mid));
+      }
+
+      /* push callinfo */
+      ci = cipush(mrb);
+      ci->mid = mid;
+      ci->stackent = mrb->c->stack;
+      ci->target_class = c;
+      ci->pc = pc + 1;
+      ci->argc = argc;
+
+      /* prepare stack */
+      mrb->c->stack += a;
+      mrb->c->stack[0] = recv;
+
+      if (MRB_METHOD_CFUNC_P(m)) {
+        mrb_value v;
+        ci->nregs = (argc < 0) ? 3 : n+2;
+        v = MRB_METHOD_CFUNC(m)(mrb, recv);
+        mrb_gc_arena_restore(mrb, ai);
+        if (mrb->exc) goto L_RAISE;
+        ci = mrb->c->ci;
+        if (!ci->target_class) { /* return from context modifying method (resume/yield) */
+          if (ci->acc == CI_ACC_RESUMED) {
+            mrb->jmp = prev_jmp;
+            return v;
+          }
+          else {
+            mrb_assert(!MRB_PROC_CFUNC_P(ci[-1].proc));
+            proc = ci[-1].proc;
+            irep = proc->body.irep;
+            pool = irep->pool;
+            syms = irep->syms;
+          }
+        }
+        mrb->c->stack[0] = v;
+        /* pop stackpos */
+        mrb->c->stack = ci->stackent;
+        pc = ci->pc;
+        cipop(mrb);
+        JUMP;
+      }
+      else {
+        /* fill callinfo */
+        ci->acc = a;
+
+        /* setup environment for calling method */
+        proc = ci->proc = MRB_METHOD_PROC(m);
+        irep = proc->body.irep;
+        pool = irep->pool;
+        syms = irep->syms;
+        ci->nregs = irep->nregs;
+        stack_extend(mrb, (argc < 0 && ci->nregs < 3) ? 3 : ci->nregs);
+        pc = irep->iseq;
+        JUMP;
+      }
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_ARGARY) {
+      /* A Bx   R(A) := argument array (16=6:1:5:4) */
+      int a = GETARG_A(i);
+      int bx = GETARG_Bx(i);
+      int m1 = (bx>>10)&0x3f;
+      int r  = (bx>>9)&0x1;
+      int m2 = (bx>>4)&0x1f;
+      int lv = (bx>>0)&0xf;
+      mrb_value *stack;
+
+      if (mrb->c->ci->mid == 0 || mrb->c->ci->target_class == NULL) {
+        mrb_value exc;
+
+      L_NOSUPER:
+        exc = mrb_exc_new_str_lit(mrb, E_NOMETHOD_ERROR, "super called outside of method");
+        mrb_exc_set(mrb, exc);
+        goto L_RAISE;
+      }
+      if (lv == 0) stack = regs + 1;
+      else {
+        struct REnv *e = uvenv(mrb, lv-1);
+        if (!e) goto L_NOSUPER;
+        if (MRB_ENV_STACK_LEN(e) <= m1+r+m2+1)
+          goto L_NOSUPER;
+        stack = e->stack + 1;
+      }
+      if (r == 0) {
+        regs[a] = mrb_ary_new_from_values(mrb, m1+m2, stack);
+      }
+      else {
+        mrb_value *pp = NULL;
+        struct RArray *rest;
+        int len = 0;
+
+        if (mrb_array_p(stack[m1])) {
+          struct RArray *ary = mrb_ary_ptr(stack[m1]);
+
+          pp = ARY_PTR(ary);
+          len = (int)ARY_LEN(ary);
+        }
+        regs[a] = mrb_ary_new_capa(mrb, m1+len+m2);
+        rest = mrb_ary_ptr(regs[a]);
+        if (m1 > 0) {
+          stack_copy(ARY_PTR(rest), stack, m1);
+        }
+        if (len > 0) {
+          stack_copy(ARY_PTR(rest)+m1, pp, len);
+        }
+        if (m2 > 0) {
+          stack_copy(ARY_PTR(rest)+m1+len, stack+m1+1, m2);
+        }
+        ARY_SET_LEN(rest, m1+len+m2);
+      }
+      regs[a+1] = stack[m1+r+m2];
+      mrb_gc_arena_restore(mrb, ai);
+      NEXT;
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_ENTER) {
+      /* Ax             arg setup according to flags (23=5:5:1:5:5:1:1) */
+      /* number of optional arguments times OP_JMP should follow */
+      mrb_aspec ax = GETARG_Ax(i);
+      int m1 = MRB_ASPEC_REQ(ax);
+      int o  = MRB_ASPEC_OPT(ax);
+      int r  = MRB_ASPEC_REST(ax);
+      int m2 = MRB_ASPEC_POST(ax);
+      /* unused
+      int k  = MRB_ASPEC_KEY(ax);
+      int kd = MRB_ASPEC_KDICT(ax);
+      int b  = MRB_ASPEC_BLOCK(ax);
+      */
+      int argc = mrb->c->ci->argc;
+      mrb_value *argv = regs+1;
+      mrb_value *argv0 = argv;
+      int len = m1 + o + r + m2;
+      mrb_value *blk = &argv[argc < 0 ? 1 : argc];
+
+      if (argc < 0) {
+        struct RArray *ary = mrb_ary_ptr(regs[1]);
+        argv = ARY_PTR(ary);
+        argc = (int)ARY_LEN(ary);
+        mrb_gc_protect(mrb, regs[1]);
+      }
+      if (mrb->c->ci->proc && MRB_PROC_STRICT_P(mrb->c->ci->proc)) {
+        if (argc >= 0) {
+          if (argc < m1 + m2 || (r == 0 && argc > len)) {
+            argnum_error(mrb, m1+m2);
+            goto L_RAISE;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      else if (len > 1 && argc == 1 && mrb_array_p(argv[0])) {
+        mrb_gc_protect(mrb, argv[0]);
+        argc = (int)RARRAY_LEN(argv[0]);
+        argv = RARRAY_PTR(argv[0]);
+      }
+      if (argc < len) {
+        int mlen = m2;
+        if (argc < m1+m2) {
+          if (m1 < argc)
+            mlen = argc - m1;
+          else
+            mlen = 0;
+        }
+        regs[len+1] = *blk; /* move block */
+        SET_NIL_VALUE(regs[argc+1]);
+        if (argv0 != argv) {
+          value_move(&regs[1], argv, argc-mlen); /* m1 + o */
+        }
+        if (argc < m1) {
+          stack_clear(&regs[argc+1], m1-argc);
+        }
+        if (mlen) {
+          value_move(&regs[len-m2+1], &argv[argc-mlen], mlen);
+        }
+        if (mlen < m2) {
+          stack_clear(&regs[len-m2+mlen+1], m2-mlen);
+        }
+        if (r) {
+          regs[m1+o+1] = mrb_ary_new_capa(mrb, 0);
+        }
+        if (o == 0 || argc < m1+m2) pc++;
+        else
+          pc += argc - m1 - m2 + 1;
+      }
+      else {
+        int rnum = 0;
+        if (argv0 != argv) {
+          regs[len+1] = *blk; /* move block */
+          value_move(&regs[1], argv, m1+o);
+        }
+        if (r) {
+          rnum = argc-m1-o-m2;
+          regs[m1+o+1] = mrb_ary_new_from_values(mrb, rnum, argv+m1+o);
+        }
+        if (m2) {
+          if (argc-m2 > m1) {
+            value_move(&regs[m1+o+r+1], &argv[m1+o+rnum], m2);
+          }
+        }
+        if (argv0 == argv) {
+          regs[len+1] = *blk; /* move block */
+        }
+        pc += o + 1;
+      }
+      mrb->c->ci->argc = len;
+      /* clear local (but non-argument) variables */
+      if (irep->nlocals-len-2 > 0) {
+        stack_clear(&regs[len+2], irep->nlocals-len-2);
+      }
+      JUMP;
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_KARG) {
+      /* A B C          R(A) := kdict[Syms(B)]; if C kdict.rm(Syms(B)) */
+      /* if C == 2; raise unless kdict.empty? */
+      /* OP_JMP should follow to skip init code */
+      NEXT;
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_KDICT) {
+      /* A C            R(A) := kdict */
+      NEXT;
+    }
+
+    L_RETURN:
+      i = MKOP_AB(OP_RETURN, GETARG_A(i), OP_R_NORMAL);
+      /* fall through */
+    CASE(OP_RETURN) {
+      /* A B     return R(A) (B=normal,in-block return/break) */
+      mrb_callinfo *ci;
+
+#define ecall_adjust() do {\
+  ptrdiff_t cioff = ci - mrb->c->cibase;\
+  ecall(mrb);\
+  ci = mrb->c->cibase + cioff;\
+} while (0)
+
+      ci = mrb->c->ci;
+      if (ci->mid) {
+        mrb_value blk;
+
+        if (ci->argc < 0) {
+          blk = regs[2];
+        }
+        else {
+          blk = regs[ci->argc+1];
+        }
+        if (mrb_type(blk) == MRB_TT_PROC) {
+          struct RProc *p = mrb_proc_ptr(blk);
+
+          if (!MRB_PROC_STRICT_P(p) &&
+              ci > mrb->c->cibase && MRB_PROC_ENV(p) == ci[-1].env) {
+            p->flags |= MRB_PROC_ORPHAN;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (mrb->exc) {
+        mrb_callinfo *ci0;
+
+      L_RAISE:
+        ci0 = ci = mrb->c->ci;
+        if (ci == mrb->c->cibase) {
+          if (ci->ridx == 0) goto L_FTOP;
+          goto L_RESCUE;
+        }
+        while (ci[0].ridx == ci[-1].ridx) {
+          cipop(mrb);
+          mrb->c->stack = ci->stackent;
+          if (ci->acc == CI_ACC_SKIP && prev_jmp) {
+            mrb->jmp = prev_jmp;
+            MRB_THROW(prev_jmp);
+          }
+          ci = mrb->c->ci;
+          if (ci == mrb->c->cibase) {
+            if (ci->ridx == 0) {
+            L_FTOP:             /* fiber top */
+              if (mrb->c == mrb->root_c) {
+                mrb->c->stack = mrb->c->stbase;
+                goto L_STOP;
+              }
+              else {
+                struct mrb_context *c = mrb->c;
+
+                while (c->eidx > ci->epos) {
+                  ecall_adjust();
+                }
+                if (c->fib) {
+                  mrb_write_barrier(mrb, (struct RBasic*)c->fib);
+                }
+                mrb->c->status = MRB_FIBER_TERMINATED;
+                mrb->c = c->prev;
+                c->prev = NULL;
+                goto L_RAISE;
+              }
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          /* call ensure only when we skip this callinfo */
+          if (ci[0].ridx == ci[-1].ridx) {
+            while (mrb->c->eidx > ci->epos) {
+              ecall_adjust();
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      L_RESCUE:
+        if (ci->ridx == 0) goto L_STOP;
+        proc = ci->proc;
+        irep = proc->body.irep;
+        pool = irep->pool;
+        syms = irep->syms;
+        if (ci < ci0) {
+          mrb->c->stack = ci[1].stackent;
+        }
+        stack_extend(mrb, irep->nregs);
+        pc = mrb->c->rescue[--ci->ridx];
+      }
+      else {
+        int acc;
+        mrb_value v;
+        struct RProc *dst;
+
+        ci = mrb->c->ci;
+        v = regs[GETARG_A(i)];
+        mrb_gc_protect(mrb, v);
+        switch (GETARG_B(i)) {
+        case OP_R_RETURN:
+          /* Fall through to OP_R_NORMAL otherwise */
+          if (ci->acc >=0 && MRB_PROC_ENV_P(proc) && !MRB_PROC_STRICT_P(proc)) {
+            mrb_callinfo *cibase = mrb->c->cibase;
+            dst = top_proc(mrb, proc);
+
+            if (MRB_PROC_ENV_P(dst)) {
+              struct REnv *e = MRB_PROC_ENV(dst);
+
+              if (!MRB_ENV_STACK_SHARED_P(e) || e->cxt != mrb->c) {
+                localjump_error(mrb, LOCALJUMP_ERROR_RETURN);
+                goto L_RAISE;
+              }
+            }
+            while (cibase <= ci && ci->proc != dst) {
+              if (ci->acc < 0) {
+                localjump_error(mrb, LOCALJUMP_ERROR_RETURN);
+                goto L_RAISE;
+              }
+              ci--;
+            }
+            if (ci <= cibase) {
+              localjump_error(mrb, LOCALJUMP_ERROR_RETURN);
+              goto L_RAISE;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+        case OP_R_NORMAL:
+        NORMAL_RETURN:
+          if (ci == mrb->c->cibase) {
+            struct mrb_context *c;
+
+            if (!mrb->c->prev) { /* toplevel return */
+              localjump_error(mrb, LOCALJUMP_ERROR_RETURN);
+              goto L_RAISE;
+            }
+            if (mrb->c->prev->ci == mrb->c->prev->cibase) {
+              mrb_value exc = mrb_exc_new_str_lit(mrb, E_FIBER_ERROR, "double resume");
+              mrb_exc_set(mrb, exc);
+              goto L_RAISE;
+            }
+            while (mrb->c->eidx > 0) {
+              ecall(mrb);
+            }
+            /* automatic yield at the end */
+            c = mrb->c;
+            c->status = MRB_FIBER_TERMINATED;
+            mrb->c = c->prev;
+            c->prev = NULL;
+            mrb->c->status = MRB_FIBER_RUNNING;
+            ci = mrb->c->ci;
+          }
+          break;
+        case OP_R_BREAK:
+          if (MRB_PROC_STRICT_P(proc)) goto NORMAL_RETURN;
+          if (MRB_PROC_ORPHAN_P(proc)) { 
+            mrb_value exc;
+
+          L_BREAK_ERROR:
+            exc = mrb_exc_new_str_lit(mrb, E_LOCALJUMP_ERROR,
+                                      "break from proc-closure");
+            mrb_exc_set(mrb, exc);
+            goto L_RAISE;
+          }
+          if (!MRB_PROC_ENV_P(proc) || !MRB_ENV_STACK_SHARED_P(MRB_PROC_ENV(proc))) {
+            goto L_BREAK_ERROR;
+          }
+          else {
+            struct REnv *e = MRB_PROC_ENV(proc);
+
+            if (e == mrb->c->cibase->env && proc != mrb->c->cibase->proc) {
+              goto L_BREAK_ERROR;
+            }
+            if (e->cxt != mrb->c) {
+              goto L_BREAK_ERROR;
+            }
+          }
+          while (mrb->c->eidx > mrb->c->ci->epos) {
+            ecall_adjust();
+          }
+          /* break from fiber block */
+          if (ci == mrb->c->cibase && ci->pc) {
+            struct mrb_context *c = mrb->c;
+
+            mrb->c = c->prev;
+            c->prev = NULL;
+            ci = mrb->c->ci;
+          }
+          if (ci->acc < 0) {
+            mrb_gc_arena_restore(mrb, ai);
+            mrb->c->vmexec = FALSE;
+            mrb->exc = (struct RObject*)break_new(mrb, proc, v);
+            mrb->jmp = prev_jmp;
+            MRB_THROW(prev_jmp);
+          }
+          if (FALSE) {
+          L_BREAK:
+            v = ((struct RBreak*)mrb->exc)->val;
+            proc = ((struct RBreak*)mrb->exc)->proc;
+            mrb->exc = NULL;
+            ci = mrb->c->ci;
+          }
+          mrb->c->stack = ci->stackent;
+          proc = proc->upper;
+          while (mrb->c->cibase < ci &&  ci[-1].proc != proc) {
+            if (ci[-1].acc == CI_ACC_SKIP) {
+              while (ci < mrb->c->ci) {
+                cipop(mrb);
+              }
+              goto L_BREAK_ERROR;
+            }
+            ci--;
+          }
+          if (ci == mrb->c->cibase) {
+            goto L_BREAK_ERROR;
+          }
+          break;
+        default:
+          /* cannot happen */
+          break;
+        }
+        while (ci < mrb->c->ci) {
+          cipop(mrb);
+        }
+        ci[0].ridx = ci[-1].ridx;
+        while (mrb->c->eidx > ci->epos) {
+          ecall_adjust();
+        }
+        if (mrb->c->vmexec && !ci->target_class) {
+          mrb_gc_arena_restore(mrb, ai);
+          mrb->c->vmexec = FALSE;
+          mrb->jmp = prev_jmp;
+          return v;
+        }
+        acc = ci->acc;
+        mrb->c->stack = ci->stackent;
+        cipop(mrb);
+        if (acc == CI_ACC_SKIP || acc == CI_ACC_DIRECT) {
+          mrb_gc_arena_restore(mrb, ai);
+          mrb->jmp = prev_jmp;
+          return v;
+        }
+        pc = ci->pc;
+        ci = mrb->c->ci;
+        DEBUG(fprintf(stderr, "from :%s\n", mrb_sym2name(mrb, ci->mid)));
+        proc = mrb->c->ci->proc;
+        irep = proc->body.irep;
+        pool = irep->pool;
+        syms = irep->syms;
+
+        regs[acc] = v;
+        mrb_gc_arena_restore(mrb, ai);
+      }
+      JUMP;
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_TAILCALL) {
+      /* A B C  return call(R(A),Syms(B),R(A+1),... ,R(A+C+1)) */
+      int a = GETARG_A(i);
+      int b = GETARG_B(i);
+      int n = GETARG_C(i);
+      mrb_method_t m;
+      struct RClass *c;
+      mrb_callinfo *ci;
+      mrb_value recv;
+      mrb_sym mid = syms[b];
+
+      recv = regs[a];
+      c = mrb_class(mrb, recv);
+      m = mrb_method_search_vm(mrb, &c, mid);
+      if (MRB_METHOD_UNDEF_P(m)) {
+        mrb_value sym = mrb_symbol_value(mid);
+        mrb_sym missing = mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "method_missing");
+        m = mrb_method_search_vm(mrb, &c, missing);
+        if (MRB_METHOD_UNDEF_P(m)) {
+          mrb_value args;
+
+          if (n == CALL_MAXARGS) {
+            args = regs[a+1];
+          }
+          else {
+            args = mrb_ary_new_from_values(mrb, n, regs+a+1);
+          }
+          ERR_PC_SET(mrb, pc);
+          mrb_method_missing(mrb, mid, recv, args);
+        }
+        mid = missing;
+        if (n == CALL_MAXARGS) {
+          mrb_ary_unshift(mrb, regs[a+1], sym);
+        }
+        else {
+          value_move(regs+a+2, regs+a+1, ++n);
+          regs[a+1] = sym;
+        }
+      }
+
+      /* replace callinfo */
+      ci = mrb->c->ci;
+      ci->mid = mid;
+      ci->target_class = c;
+      if (n == CALL_MAXARGS) {
+        ci->argc = -1;
+      }
+      else {
+        ci->argc = n;
+      }
+
+      /* move stack */
+      value_move(mrb->c->stack, &regs[a], ci->argc+1);
+
+      if (MRB_METHOD_CFUNC_P(m)) {
+        mrb_value v = MRB_METHOD_CFUNC(m)(mrb, recv);
+        mrb->c->stack[0] = v;
+        mrb_gc_arena_restore(mrb, ai);
+        goto L_RETURN;
+      }
+      else {
+        /* setup environment for calling method */
+        struct RProc *p = MRB_METHOD_PROC(m);
+        irep = p->body.irep;
+        pool = irep->pool;
+        syms = irep->syms;
+        if (ci->argc < 0) {
+          stack_extend(mrb, (irep->nregs < 3) ? 3 : irep->nregs);
+        }
+        else {
+          stack_extend(mrb, irep->nregs);
+        }
+        pc = irep->iseq;
+      }
+      JUMP;
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_BLKPUSH) {
+      /* A Bx   R(A) := block (16=6:1:5:4) */
+      int a = GETARG_A(i);
+      int bx = GETARG_Bx(i);
+      int m1 = (bx>>10)&0x3f;
+      int r  = (bx>>9)&0x1;
+      int m2 = (bx>>4)&0x1f;
+      int lv = (bx>>0)&0xf;
+      mrb_value *stack;
+
+      if (lv == 0) stack = regs + 1;
+      else {
+        struct REnv *e = uvenv(mrb, lv-1);
+        if (!e || (!MRB_ENV_STACK_SHARED_P(e) && e->mid == 0) ||
+            MRB_ENV_STACK_LEN(e) <= m1+r+m2+1) {
+          localjump_error(mrb, LOCALJUMP_ERROR_YIELD);
+          goto L_RAISE;
+        }
+        stack = e->stack + 1;
+      }
+      if (mrb_nil_p(stack[m1+r+m2])) {
+        localjump_error(mrb, LOCALJUMP_ERROR_YIELD);
+        goto L_RAISE;
+      }
+      regs[a] = stack[m1+r+m2];
+      NEXT;
+    }
+
+#define TYPES2(a,b) ((((uint16_t)(a))<<8)|(((uint16_t)(b))&0xff))
+#define OP_MATH_BODY(op,v1,v2) do {\
+  v1(regs[a]) = v1(regs[a]) op v2(regs[a+1]);\
+} while(0)
+
+    CASE(OP_ADD) {
+      /* A B C  R(A) := R(A)+R(A+1) (Syms[B]=:+,C=1)*/
+      int a = GETARG_A(i);
+
+      /* need to check if op is overridden */
+      switch (TYPES2(mrb_type(regs[a]),mrb_type(regs[a+1]))) {
+      case TYPES2(MRB_TT_FIXNUM,MRB_TT_FIXNUM):
+        {
+          mrb_int x, y, z;
+          mrb_value *regs_a = regs + a;
+
+          x = mrb_fixnum(regs_a[0]);
+          y = mrb_fixnum(regs_a[1]);
+          if (mrb_int_add_overflow(x, y, &z)) {
+#ifndef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
+            SET_FLOAT_VALUE(mrb, regs_a[0], (mrb_float)x + (mrb_float)y);
+            break;
+#endif
+          }
+          SET_INT_VALUE(regs[a], z);
+        }
+        break;
+#ifndef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
+      case TYPES2(MRB_TT_FIXNUM,MRB_TT_FLOAT):
+        {
+          mrb_int x = mrb_fixnum(regs[a]);
+          mrb_float y = mrb_float(regs[a+1]);
+          SET_FLOAT_VALUE(mrb, regs[a], (mrb_float)x + y);
+        }
+        break;
+      case TYPES2(MRB_TT_FLOAT,MRB_TT_FIXNUM):
+#ifdef MRB_WORD_BOXING
+        {
+          mrb_float x = mrb_float(regs[a]);
+          mrb_int y = mrb_fixnum(regs[a+1]);
+          SET_FLOAT_VALUE(mrb, regs[a], x + y);
+        }
+#else
+        OP_MATH_BODY(+,mrb_float,mrb_fixnum);
+#endif
+        break;
+      case TYPES2(MRB_TT_FLOAT,MRB_TT_FLOAT):
+#ifdef MRB_WORD_BOXING
+        {
+          mrb_float x = mrb_float(regs[a]);
+          mrb_float y = mrb_float(regs[a+1]);
+          SET_FLOAT_VALUE(mrb, regs[a], x + y);
+        }
+#else
+        OP_MATH_BODY(+,mrb_float,mrb_float);
+#endif
+        break;
+#endif
+      case TYPES2(MRB_TT_STRING,MRB_TT_STRING):
+        regs[a] = mrb_str_plus(mrb, regs[a], regs[a+1]);
+        break;
+      default:
+        goto L_SEND;
+      }
+      mrb_gc_arena_restore(mrb, ai);
+      NEXT;
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_SUB) {
+      /* A B C  R(A) := R(A)-R(A+1) (Syms[B]=:-,C=1)*/
+      int a = GETARG_A(i);
+
+      /* need to check if op is overridden */
+      switch (TYPES2(mrb_type(regs[a]),mrb_type(regs[a+1]))) {
+      case TYPES2(MRB_TT_FIXNUM,MRB_TT_FIXNUM):
+        {
+          mrb_int x, y, z;
+
+          x = mrb_fixnum(regs[a]);
+          y = mrb_fixnum(regs[a+1]);
+          if (mrb_int_sub_overflow(x, y, &z)) {
+#ifndef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
+            SET_FLOAT_VALUE(mrb, regs[a], (mrb_float)x - (mrb_float)y);
+            break;
+#endif
+          }
+          SET_INT_VALUE(regs[a], z);
+        }
+        break;
+#ifndef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
+      case TYPES2(MRB_TT_FIXNUM,MRB_TT_FLOAT):
+        {
+          mrb_int x = mrb_fixnum(regs[a]);
+          mrb_float y = mrb_float(regs[a+1]);
+          SET_FLOAT_VALUE(mrb, regs[a], (mrb_float)x - y);
+        }
+        break;
+      case TYPES2(MRB_TT_FLOAT,MRB_TT_FIXNUM):
+#ifdef MRB_WORD_BOXING
+        {
+          mrb_float x = mrb_float(regs[a]);
+          mrb_int y = mrb_fixnum(regs[a+1]);
+          SET_FLOAT_VALUE(mrb, regs[a], x - y);
+        }
+#else
+        OP_MATH_BODY(-,mrb_float,mrb_fixnum);
+#endif
+        break;
+      case TYPES2(MRB_TT_FLOAT,MRB_TT_FLOAT):
+#ifdef MRB_WORD_BOXING
+        {
+          mrb_float x = mrb_float(regs[a]);
+          mrb_float y = mrb_float(regs[a+1]);
+          SET_FLOAT_VALUE(mrb, regs[a], x - y);
+        }
+#else
+        OP_MATH_BODY(-,mrb_float,mrb_float);
+#endif
+        break;
+#endif
+      default:
+        goto L_SEND;
+      }
+      NEXT;
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_MUL) {
+      /* A B C  R(A) := R(A)*R(A+1) (Syms[B]=:*,C=1)*/
+      int a = GETARG_A(i);
+
+      /* need to check if op is overridden */
+      switch (TYPES2(mrb_type(regs[a]),mrb_type(regs[a+1]))) {
+      case TYPES2(MRB_TT_FIXNUM,MRB_TT_FIXNUM):
+        {
+          mrb_int x, y, z;
+
+          x = mrb_fixnum(regs[a]);
+          y = mrb_fixnum(regs[a+1]);
+          if (mrb_int_mul_overflow(x, y, &z)) {
+#ifndef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
+            SET_FLOAT_VALUE(mrb, regs[a], (mrb_float)x * (mrb_float)y);
+            break;
+#endif
+          }
+          SET_INT_VALUE(regs[a], z);
+        }
+        break;
+#ifndef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
+      case TYPES2(MRB_TT_FIXNUM,MRB_TT_FLOAT):
+        {
+          mrb_int x = mrb_fixnum(regs[a]);
+          mrb_float y = mrb_float(regs[a+1]);
+          SET_FLOAT_VALUE(mrb, regs[a], (mrb_float)x * y);
+        }
+        break;
+      case TYPES2(MRB_TT_FLOAT,MRB_TT_FIXNUM):
+#ifdef MRB_WORD_BOXING
+        {
+          mrb_float x = mrb_float(regs[a]);
+          mrb_int y = mrb_fixnum(regs[a+1]);
+          SET_FLOAT_VALUE(mrb, regs[a], x * y);
+        }
+#else
+        OP_MATH_BODY(*,mrb_float,mrb_fixnum);
+#endif
+        break;
+      case TYPES2(MRB_TT_FLOAT,MRB_TT_FLOAT):
+#ifdef MRB_WORD_BOXING
+        {
+          mrb_float x = mrb_float(regs[a]);
+          mrb_float y = mrb_float(regs[a+1]);
+          SET_FLOAT_VALUE(mrb, regs[a], x * y);
+        }
+#else
+        OP_MATH_BODY(*,mrb_float,mrb_float);
+#endif
+        break;
+#endif
+      default:
+        goto L_SEND;
+      }
+      NEXT;
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_DIV) {
+      /* A B C  R(A) := R(A)/R(A+1) (Syms[B]=:/,C=1)*/
+      int a = GETARG_A(i);
+#ifndef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
+      double x, y, f;
+#endif
+
+      /* need to check if op is overridden */
+      switch (TYPES2(mrb_type(regs[a]),mrb_type(regs[a+1]))) {
+      case TYPES2(MRB_TT_FIXNUM,MRB_TT_FIXNUM):
+#ifdef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
+        {
+          mrb_int x = mrb_fixnum(regs[a]);
+          mrb_int y = mrb_fixnum(regs[a+1]);
+          SET_INT_VALUE(regs[a], y ? x / y : 0);
+        }
+        break;
+#else
+        x = (mrb_float)mrb_fixnum(regs[a]);
+        y = (mrb_float)mrb_fixnum(regs[a+1]);
+        break;
+      case TYPES2(MRB_TT_FIXNUM,MRB_TT_FLOAT):
+        x = (mrb_float)mrb_fixnum(regs[a]);
+        y = mrb_float(regs[a+1]);
+        break;
+      case TYPES2(MRB_TT_FLOAT,MRB_TT_FIXNUM):
+        x = mrb_float(regs[a]);
+        y = (mrb_float)mrb_fixnum(regs[a+1]);
+        break;
+      case TYPES2(MRB_TT_FLOAT,MRB_TT_FLOAT):
+        x = mrb_float(regs[a]);
+        y = mrb_float(regs[a+1]);
+        break;
+#endif
+      default:
+        goto L_SEND;
+      }
+
+#ifndef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
+      if (y == 0) {
+        if (x > 0) f = INFINITY;
+        else if (x < 0) f = -INFINITY;
+        else /* if (x == 0) */ f = NAN;
+      }
+      else {
+        f = x / y;
+      }
+      SET_FLOAT_VALUE(mrb, regs[a], f);
+#endif
+      NEXT;
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_ADDI) {
+      /* A B C  R(A) := R(A)+C (Syms[B]=:+)*/
+      int a = GETARG_A(i);
+
+      /* need to check if + is overridden */
+      switch (mrb_type(regs[a])) {
+      case MRB_TT_FIXNUM:
+        {
+          mrb_int x = mrb_fixnum(regs[a]);
+          mrb_int y = GETARG_C(i);
+          mrb_int z;
+
+          if (mrb_int_add_overflow(x, y, &z)) {
+#ifndef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
+            SET_FLOAT_VALUE(mrb, regs[a], (mrb_float)x + (mrb_float)y);
+            break;
+#endif
+          }
+          SET_INT_VALUE(regs[a], z);
+        }
+        break;
+#ifndef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
+      case MRB_TT_FLOAT:
+#ifdef MRB_WORD_BOXING
+        {
+          mrb_float x = mrb_float(regs[a]);
+          SET_FLOAT_VALUE(mrb, regs[a], x + GETARG_C(i));
+        }
+#else
+        mrb_float(regs[a]) += GETARG_C(i);
+#endif
+        break;
+#endif
+      default:
+        SET_INT_VALUE(regs[a+1], GETARG_C(i));
+        i = MKOP_ABC(OP_SEND, a, GETARG_B(i), 1);
+        goto L_SEND;
+      }
+      NEXT;
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_SUBI) {
+      /* A B C  R(A) := R(A)-C (Syms[B]=:-)*/
+      int a = GETARG_A(i);
+      mrb_value *regs_a = regs + a;
+
+      /* need to check if + is overridden */
+      switch (mrb_type(regs_a[0])) {
+      case MRB_TT_FIXNUM:
+        {
+          mrb_int x = mrb_fixnum(regs_a[0]);
+          mrb_int y = GETARG_C(i);
+          mrb_int z;
+
+          if (mrb_int_sub_overflow(x, y, &z)) {
+#ifndef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
+            SET_FLOAT_VALUE(mrb, regs_a[0], (mrb_float)x - (mrb_float)y);
+            break;
+#endif
+          }
+          SET_INT_VALUE(regs_a[0], z);
+        }
+        break;
+#ifndef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
+      case MRB_TT_FLOAT:
+#ifdef MRB_WORD_BOXING
+        {
+          mrb_float x = mrb_float(regs[a]);
+          SET_FLOAT_VALUE(mrb, regs[a], x - GETARG_C(i));
+        }
+#else
+        mrb_float(regs_a[0]) -= GETARG_C(i);
+#endif
+        break;
+#endif
+      default:
+        SET_INT_VALUE(regs_a[1], GETARG_C(i));
+        i = MKOP_ABC(OP_SEND, a, GETARG_B(i), 1);
+        goto L_SEND;
+      }
+      NEXT;
+    }
+
+#define OP_CMP_BODY(op,v1,v2) (v1(regs[a]) op v2(regs[a+1]))
+
+#ifdef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
+#define OP_CMP(op) do {\
+  int result;\
+  /* need to check if - is overridden */\
+  switch (TYPES2(mrb_type(regs[a]),mrb_type(regs[a+1]))) {\
+  case TYPES2(MRB_TT_FIXNUM,MRB_TT_FIXNUM):\
+    result = OP_CMP_BODY(op,mrb_fixnum,mrb_fixnum);\
+    break;\
+  default:\
+    goto L_SEND;\
+  }\
+  if (result) {\
+    SET_TRUE_VALUE(regs[a]);\
+  }\
+  else {\
+    SET_FALSE_VALUE(regs[a]);\
+  }\
+} while(0)
+#else
+#define OP_CMP(op) do {\
+  int result;\
+  /* need to check if - is overridden */\
+  switch (TYPES2(mrb_type(regs[a]),mrb_type(regs[a+1]))) {\
+  case TYPES2(MRB_TT_FIXNUM,MRB_TT_FIXNUM):\
+    result = OP_CMP_BODY(op,mrb_fixnum,mrb_fixnum);\
+    break;\
+  case TYPES2(MRB_TT_FIXNUM,MRB_TT_FLOAT):\
+    result = OP_CMP_BODY(op,mrb_fixnum,mrb_float);\
+    break;\
+  case TYPES2(MRB_TT_FLOAT,MRB_TT_FIXNUM):\
+    result = OP_CMP_BODY(op,mrb_float,mrb_fixnum);\
+    break;\
+  case TYPES2(MRB_TT_FLOAT,MRB_TT_FLOAT):\
+    result = OP_CMP_BODY(op,mrb_float,mrb_float);\
+    break;\
+  default:\
+    goto L_SEND;\
+  }\
+  if (result) {\
+    SET_TRUE_VALUE(regs[a]);\
+  }\
+  else {\
+    SET_FALSE_VALUE(regs[a]);\
+  }\
+} while(0)
+#endif
+
+    CASE(OP_EQ) {
+      /* A B C  R(A) := R(A)==R(A+1) (Syms[B]=:==,C=1)*/
+      int a = GETARG_A(i);
+      if (mrb_obj_eq(mrb, regs[a], regs[a+1])) {
+        SET_TRUE_VALUE(regs[a]);
+      }
+      else {
+        OP_CMP(==);
+      }
+      NEXT;
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_LT) {
+      /* A B C  R(A) := R(A)<R(A+1) (Syms[B]=:<,C=1)*/
+      int a = GETARG_A(i);
+      OP_CMP(<);
+      NEXT;
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_LE) {
+      /* A B C  R(A) := R(A)<=R(A+1) (Syms[B]=:<=,C=1)*/
+      int a = GETARG_A(i);
+      OP_CMP(<=);
+      NEXT;
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_GT) {
+      /* A B C  R(A) := R(A)>R(A+1) (Syms[B]=:>,C=1)*/
+      int a = GETARG_A(i);
+      OP_CMP(>);
+      NEXT;
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_GE) {
+      /* A B C  R(A) := R(A)>=R(A+1) (Syms[B]=:>=,C=1)*/
+      int a = GETARG_A(i);
+      OP_CMP(>=);
+      NEXT;
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_ARRAY) {
+      /* A B C          R(A) := ary_new(R(B),R(B+1)..R(B+C)) */
+      int a = GETARG_A(i);
+      int b = GETARG_B(i);
+      int c = GETARG_C(i);
+      mrb_value v = mrb_ary_new_from_values(mrb, c, &regs[b]);
+      regs[a] = v;
+      mrb_gc_arena_restore(mrb, ai);
+      NEXT;
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_ARYCAT) {
+      /* A B            mrb_ary_concat(R(A),R(B)) */
+      int a = GETARG_A(i);
+      int b = GETARG_B(i);
+      mrb_value splat = mrb_ary_splat(mrb, regs[b]);
+      mrb_ary_concat(mrb, regs[a], splat);
+      mrb_gc_arena_restore(mrb, ai);
+      NEXT;
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_ARYPUSH) {
+      /* A B            R(A).push(R(B)) */
+      int a = GETARG_A(i);
+      int b = GETARG_B(i);
+      mrb_ary_push(mrb, regs[a], regs[b]);
+      NEXT;
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_AREF) {
+      /* A B C          R(A) := R(B)[C] */
+      int a = GETARG_A(i);
+      int b = GETARG_B(i);
+      int c = GETARG_C(i);
+      mrb_value v = regs[b];
+
+      if (!mrb_array_p(v)) {
+        if (c == 0) {
+          regs[a] = v;
+        }
+        else {
+          SET_NIL_VALUE(regs[a]);
+        }
+      }
+      else {
+        v = mrb_ary_ref(mrb, v, c);
+        regs[a] = v;
+      }
+      NEXT;
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_ASET) {
+      /* A B C          R(B)[C] := R(A) */
+      int a = GETARG_A(i);
+      int b = GETARG_B(i);
+      int c = GETARG_C(i);
+      mrb_ary_set(mrb, regs[b], c, regs[a]);
+      NEXT;
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_APOST) {
+      /* A B C  *R(A),R(A+1)..R(A+C) := R(A) */
+      int a = GETARG_A(i);
+      mrb_value v = regs[a];
+      int pre  = GETARG_B(i);
+      int post = GETARG_C(i);
+      struct RArray *ary;
+      int len, idx;
+
+      if (!mrb_array_p(v)) {
+        v = mrb_ary_new_from_values(mrb, 1, &regs[a]);
+      }
+      ary = mrb_ary_ptr(v);
+      len = (int)ARY_LEN(ary);
+      if (len > pre + post) {
+        v = mrb_ary_new_from_values(mrb, len - pre - post, ARY_PTR(ary)+pre);
+        regs[a++] = v;
+        while (post--) {
+          regs[a++] = ARY_PTR(ary)[len-post-1];
+        }
+      }
+      else {
+        v = mrb_ary_new_capa(mrb, 0);
+        regs[a++] = v;
+        for (idx=0; idx+pre<len; idx++) {
+          regs[a+idx] = ARY_PTR(ary)[pre+idx];
+        }
+        while (idx < post) {
+          SET_NIL_VALUE(regs[a+idx]);
+          idx++;
+        }
+      }
+      mrb_gc_arena_restore(mrb, ai);
+      NEXT;
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_STRING) {
+      /* A Bx           R(A) := str_new(Lit(Bx)) */
+      mrb_int a = GETARG_A(i);
+      mrb_int bx = GETARG_Bx(i);
+      mrb_value str = mrb_str_dup(mrb, pool[bx]);
+
+      regs[a] = str;
+      mrb_gc_arena_restore(mrb, ai);
+      NEXT;
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_STRCAT) {
+      /* A B    R(A).concat(R(B)) */
+      mrb_int a = GETARG_A(i);
+      mrb_int b = GETARG_B(i);
+
+      mrb_str_concat(mrb, regs[a], regs[b]);
+      NEXT;
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_HASH) {
+      /* A B C   R(A) := hash_new(R(B),R(B+1)..R(B+C)) */
+      int b = GETARG_B(i);
+      int c = GETARG_C(i);
+      int lim = b+c*2;
+      mrb_value hash = mrb_hash_new_capa(mrb, c);
+
+      while (b < lim) {
+        mrb_hash_set(mrb, hash, regs[b], regs[b+1]);
+        b+=2;
+      }
+      regs[GETARG_A(i)] = hash;
+      mrb_gc_arena_restore(mrb, ai);
+      NEXT;
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_LAMBDA) {
+      /* A b c  R(A) := lambda(SEQ[b],c) (b:c = 14:2) */
+      struct RProc *p;
+      int a = GETARG_A(i);
+      int b = GETARG_b(i);
+      int c = GETARG_c(i);
+      mrb_irep *nirep = irep->reps[b];
+
+      if (c & OP_L_CAPTURE) {
+        p = mrb_closure_new(mrb, nirep);
+      }
+      else {
+        p = mrb_proc_new(mrb, nirep);
+        p->flags |= MRB_PROC_SCOPE;
+      }
+      if (c & OP_L_STRICT) p->flags |= MRB_PROC_STRICT;
+      regs[a] = mrb_obj_value(p);
+      mrb_gc_arena_restore(mrb, ai);
+      NEXT;
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_OCLASS) {
+      /* A      R(A) := ::Object */
+      regs[GETARG_A(i)] = mrb_obj_value(mrb->object_class);
+      NEXT;
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_CLASS) {
+      /* A B    R(A) := newclass(R(A),Syms(B),R(A+1)) */
+      struct RClass *c = 0, *baseclass;
+      int a = GETARG_A(i);
+      mrb_value base, super;
+      mrb_sym id = syms[GETARG_B(i)];
+
+      base = regs[a];
+      super = regs[a+1];
+      if (mrb_nil_p(base)) {
+        baseclass = MRB_PROC_TARGET_CLASS(mrb->c->ci->proc);
+        base = mrb_obj_value(baseclass);
+      }
+      c = mrb_vm_define_class(mrb, base, super, id);
+      regs[a] = mrb_obj_value(c);
+      mrb_gc_arena_restore(mrb, ai);
+      NEXT;
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_MODULE) {
+      /* A B            R(A) := newmodule(R(A),Syms(B)) */
+      struct RClass *c = 0, *baseclass;
+      int a = GETARG_A(i);
+      mrb_value base;
+      mrb_sym id = syms[GETARG_B(i)];
+
+      base = regs[a];
+      if (mrb_nil_p(base)) {
+        baseclass = MRB_PROC_TARGET_CLASS(mrb->c->ci->proc);
+        base = mrb_obj_value(baseclass);
+      }
+      c = mrb_vm_define_module(mrb, base, id);
+      regs[a] = mrb_obj_value(c);
+      mrb_gc_arena_restore(mrb, ai);
+      NEXT;
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_EXEC) {
+      /* A Bx   R(A) := blockexec(R(A),SEQ[Bx]) */
+      int a = GETARG_A(i);
+      int bx = GETARG_Bx(i);
+      mrb_callinfo *ci;
+      mrb_value recv = regs[a];
+      struct RProc *p;
+      mrb_irep *nirep = irep->reps[bx];
+
+      /* prepare closure */
+      p = mrb_proc_new(mrb, nirep);
+      p->c = NULL;
+      mrb_field_write_barrier(mrb, (struct RBasic*)p, (struct RBasic*)proc);
+      MRB_PROC_SET_TARGET_CLASS(p, mrb_class_ptr(recv));
+      p->flags |= MRB_PROC_SCOPE;
+
+      /* prepare call stack */
+      ci = cipush(mrb);
+      ci->pc = pc + 1;
+      ci->acc = a;
+      ci->mid = 0;
+      ci->stackent = mrb->c->stack;
+      ci->argc = 0;
+      ci->target_class = mrb_class_ptr(recv);
+
+      /* prepare stack */
+      mrb->c->stack += a;
+
+      /* setup block to call */
+      ci->proc = p;
+
+      irep = p->body.irep;
+      pool = irep->pool;
+      syms = irep->syms;
+      ci->nregs = irep->nregs;
+      stack_extend(mrb, ci->nregs);
+      stack_clear(regs+1, ci->nregs-1);
+      pc = irep->iseq;
+      JUMP;
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_METHOD) {
+      /* A B            R(A).newmethod(Syms(B),R(A+1)) */
+      int a = GETARG_A(i);
+      struct RClass *c = mrb_class_ptr(regs[a]);
+      struct RProc *p = mrb_proc_ptr(regs[a+1]);
+      mrb_method_t m;
+
+      MRB_METHOD_FROM_PROC(m, p);
+      mrb_define_method_raw(mrb, c, syms[GETARG_B(i)], m);
+      mrb_gc_arena_restore(mrb, ai);
+      NEXT;
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_SCLASS) {
+      /* A B    R(A) := R(B).singleton_class */
+      int a = GETARG_A(i);
+      int b = GETARG_B(i);
+
+      regs[a] = mrb_singleton_class(mrb, regs[b]);
+      mrb_gc_arena_restore(mrb, ai);
+      NEXT;
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_TCLASS) {
+      /* A      R(A) := target_class */
+      if (!mrb->c->ci->target_class) {
+        mrb_value exc = mrb_exc_new_str_lit(mrb, E_TYPE_ERROR, "no target class or module");
+        mrb_exc_set(mrb, exc);
+        goto L_RAISE;
+      }
+      regs[GETARG_A(i)] = mrb_obj_value(mrb->c->ci->target_class);
+      NEXT;
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_RANGE) {
+      /* A B C  R(A) := range_new(R(B),R(B+1),C) */
+      int b = GETARG_B(i);
+      mrb_value val = mrb_range_new(mrb, regs[b], regs[b+1], GETARG_C(i));
+      regs[GETARG_A(i)] = val;
+      mrb_gc_arena_restore(mrb, ai);
+      NEXT;
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_DEBUG) {
+      /* A B C    debug print R(A),R(B),R(C) */
+#ifdef MRB_ENABLE_DEBUG_HOOK
+      mrb->debug_op_hook(mrb, irep, pc, regs);
+#else
+#ifndef MRB_DISABLE_STDIO
+      printf("OP_DEBUG %d %d %d\n", GETARG_A(i), GETARG_B(i), GETARG_C(i));
+#else
+      abort();
+#endif
+#endif
+      NEXT;
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_STOP) {
+      /*        stop VM */
+    L_STOP:
+      while (mrb->c->ci > mrb->c->cibase) {
+        cipop(mrb);
+      }
+      while (mrb->c->eidx > 0) {
+        ecall(mrb);
+      }
+      ERR_PC_CLR(mrb);
+      mrb->jmp = prev_jmp;
+      if (mrb->exc) {
+        return mrb_obj_value(mrb->exc);
+      }
+      return regs[irep->nlocals];
+    }
+
+    CASE(OP_ERR) {
+      /* Bx     raise RuntimeError with message Lit(Bx) */
+      mrb_value msg = mrb_str_dup(mrb, pool[GETARG_Bx(i)]);
+      mrb_value exc;
+
+      if (GETARG_A(i) == 0) {
+        exc = mrb_exc_new_str(mrb, E_RUNTIME_ERROR, msg);
+      }
+      else {
+        exc = mrb_exc_new_str(mrb, E_LOCALJUMP_ERROR, msg);
+      }
+      ERR_PC_SET(mrb, pc);
+      mrb_exc_set(mrb, exc);
+      goto L_RAISE;
+    }
+  }
+  END_DISPATCH;
+#undef regs
+
+  }
+  MRB_CATCH(&c_jmp) {
+    exc_catched = TRUE;
+    goto RETRY_TRY_BLOCK;
+  }
+  MRB_END_EXC(&c_jmp);
+}
+
+MRB_API mrb_value
+mrb_run(mrb_state *mrb, struct RProc *proc, mrb_value self)
+{
+  if (mrb->c->ci->argc < 0) {
+    return mrb_vm_run(mrb, proc, self, 3); /* receiver, args and block) */
+  }
+  else {
+    return mrb_vm_run(mrb, proc, self, mrb->c->ci->argc + 2); /* argc + 2 (receiver and block) */
+  }
+}
+
+MRB_API mrb_value
+mrb_top_run(mrb_state *mrb, struct RProc *proc, mrb_value self, unsigned int stack_keep)
+{
+  mrb_callinfo *ci;
+  mrb_value v;
+
+  if (!mrb->c->cibase) {
+    return mrb_vm_run(mrb, proc, self, stack_keep);
+  }
+  if (mrb->c->ci == mrb->c->cibase) {
+    return mrb_vm_run(mrb, proc, self, stack_keep);
+  }
+  ci = cipush(mrb);
+  ci->mid = 0;
+  ci->nregs = 1;   /* protect the receiver */
+  ci->acc = CI_ACC_SKIP;
+  ci->target_class = mrb->object_class;
+  v = mrb_vm_run(mrb, proc, self, stack_keep);
+  cipop(mrb);
+
+  return v;
+}
+
+#if defined(MRB_ENABLE_CXX_EXCEPTION) && defined(__cplusplus)
+# if !defined(MRB_ENABLE_CXX_ABI)
+} /* end of extern "C" */
+# endif
+mrb_int mrb_jmpbuf::jmpbuf_id = 0;
+# if !defined(MRB_ENABLE_CXX_ABI)
+extern "C" {
+# endif
+#endif