esruby 0.0.0

data/resources/mruby/mrbgems/mruby-class-ext/mrbgem.rake

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+MRuby::Gem::Specification.new('mruby-class-ext') do |spec|
+  spec.license = 'MIT'
+  spec.author  = 'mruby developers'
+  spec.summary = 'class/module extension'
+end

data/resources/mruby/mrbgems/mruby-class-ext/src/class.c

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+#include "mruby.h"
+#include "mruby/class.h"
+#include "mruby/string.h"
+
+static mrb_value
+mrb_mod_name(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self)
+{
+  mrb_value name = mrb_class_path(mrb, mrb_class_ptr(self));
+  return mrb_nil_p(name)? name : mrb_str_dup(mrb, name);
+}
+
+static mrb_value
+mrb_mod_singleton_class_p(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self)
+{
+  return mrb_bool_value(mrb_type(self) == MRB_TT_SCLASS);
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     module_exec(arg...) {|var...| block } -> obj
+ *     class_exec(arg...) {|var...| block } -> obj
+ *
+ * Evaluates the given block in the context of the
+ * class/module. The method defined in the block will belong
+ * to the receiver. Any arguments passed to the method will be
+ * passed to the block. This can be used if the block needs to
+ * access instance variables.
+ *
+ *     class Thing
+ *     end
+ *     Thing.class_exec{
+ *       def hello() "Hello there!" end
+ *     }
+ *     puts Thing.new.hello()
+ */
+
+static mrb_value
+mrb_mod_module_exec(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self)
+{
+  const mrb_value *argv;
+  mrb_int argc;
+  mrb_value blk;
+
+  mrb_get_args(mrb, "*&", &argv, &argc, &blk);
+
+  if (mrb_nil_p(blk)) {
+    mrb_raise(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, "no block given");
+  }
+
+  mrb->c->ci->target_class = mrb_class_ptr(self);
+  return mrb_yield_cont(mrb, blk, self, argc, argv);
+}
+
+void
+mrb_mruby_class_ext_gem_init(mrb_state *mrb)
+{
+  struct RClass *mod = mrb->module_class;
+
+  mrb_define_method(mrb, mod, "name", mrb_mod_name, MRB_ARGS_NONE());
+  mrb_define_method(mrb, mod, "singleton_class?", mrb_mod_singleton_class_p, MRB_ARGS_NONE());
+  mrb_define_method(mrb, mod, "module_exec", mrb_mod_module_exec, MRB_ARGS_ANY()|MRB_ARGS_BLOCK());
+  mrb_define_method(mrb, mod, "class_exec", mrb_mod_module_exec, MRB_ARGS_ANY()|MRB_ARGS_BLOCK());
+}
+
+void
+mrb_mruby_class_ext_gem_final(mrb_state *mrb)
+{
+}

data/resources/mruby/mrbgems/mruby-class-ext/test/module.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+assert 'Module#name' do
+  module Outer
+    class Inner; end
+    const_set :SetInner, Class.new
+  end
+
+  assert_equal 'Outer', Outer.name
+  assert_equal 'Outer::Inner', Outer::Inner.name
+  assert_equal 'Outer::SetInner', Outer::SetInner.name
+
+  outer = Module.new do
+    const_set :SetInner, Class.new
+  end
+  Object.const_set :SetOuter, outer
+
+  assert_equal 'SetOuter', SetOuter.name
+  assert_equal 'SetOuter::SetInner', SetOuter::SetInner.name
+
+  mod = Module.new
+  cls = Class.new
+
+  assert_nil mod.name
+  assert_nil cls.name
+end
+
+assert 'Module#singleton_class?' do
+  mod = Module.new
+  cls = Class.new
+  scl = cls.singleton_class
+
+  assert_false mod.singleton_class?
+  assert_false cls.singleton_class?
+  assert_true scl.singleton_class?
+end
+
+assert 'Module#module_eval' do
+  mod = Module.new
+  mod.class_exec(1,2,3) do |a,b,c|
+    assert_equal([1,2,3], [a,b,c])
+    def hi
+      "hi"
+    end
+  end
+  cls = Class.new
+  cls.class_exec(42) do |x|
+    assert_equal(42, x)
+    include mod
+    def hello
+      "hello"
+    end
+  end
+  obj = cls.new
+  assert_equal("hi", obj.hi)
+  assert_equal("hello", obj.hello)
+end

data/resources/mruby/mrbgems/mruby-compar-ext/mrbgem.rake

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+MRuby::Gem::Specification.new('mruby-compar-ext') do |spec|
+  spec.license = 'MIT'
+  spec.author  = 'mruby developers'
+  spec.summary = 'Enumerable module extension'
+end

data/resources/mruby/mrbgems/mruby-compar-ext/mrblib/compar.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+module Comparable
+  ##
+  # Returns <i>min</i> if <i>obj</i> <code><=></code> <i>min</i> is less
+  # than zero, <i>max</i> if <i>obj</i> <code><=></code> <i>max</i> is
+  # greater than zero and <i>obj</i> otherwise.
+  #
+  #     12.clamp(0, 100)         #=> 12
+  #     523.clamp(0, 100)        #=> 100
+  #     -3.123.clamp(0, 100)     #=> 0
+  #
+  #     'd'.clamp('a', 'f')      #=> 'd'
+  #     'z'.clamp('a', 'f')      #=> 'f'
+  #
+  def clamp(min, max)
+    if (min <=> max) > 0
+      raise ArgumentError, "min argument must be smaller than max argument"
+    end
+    c = self <=> min
+    if c == 0
+      return self
+    elsif c < 0
+      return min
+    end
+    c = self <=> max
+    if c > 0
+      return max
+    else
+      return self
+    end
+  end
+end

data/resources/mruby/mrbgems/mruby-compiler/bintest/mrbc.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+require 'tempfile'
+
+assert('Compiling multiple files without new line in last line. #2361') do
+  a, b, out = Tempfile.new('a.rb'), Tempfile.new('b.rb'), Tempfile.new('out.mrb')
+  a.write('module A; end')
+  a.flush
+  b.write('module B; end')
+  b.flush
+  result = `#{cmd('mrbc')} -c -o #{out.path} #{a.path} #{b.path} 2>&1`
+  assert_equal "#{cmd('mrbc')}:#{a.path}:Syntax OK", result.chomp
+  assert_equal 0, $?.exitstatus
+end
+
+assert('parsing function with void argument') do
+  a, out = Tempfile.new('a.rb'), Tempfile.new('out.mrb')
+  a.write('f ()')
+  a.flush
+  result = `#{cmd('mrbc')} -c -o #{out.path} #{a.path} 2>&1`
+  assert_equal "#{cmd('mrbc')}:#{a.path}:Syntax OK", result.chomp
+  assert_equal 0, $?.exitstatus
+end
+
+assert('embedded document with invalid terminator') do
+  a, out = Tempfile.new('a.rb'), Tempfile.new('out.mrb')
+  a.write("=begin\n=endx\n")
+  a.flush
+  result = `#{cmd('mrbc')} -c -o #{out.path} #{a.path} 2>&1`
+  assert_equal "#{a.path}:3:0: embedded document meets end of file", result.chomp
+  assert_equal 1, $?.exitstatus
+end

data/resources/mruby/mrbgems/mruby-compiler/core/codegen.c

@@ -0,0 +1,3083 @@
+/*
+** codegen.c - mruby code generator
+**
+** See Copyright Notice in mruby.h
+*/
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <mruby.h>
+#include <mruby/compile.h>
+#include <mruby/proc.h>
+#include <mruby/numeric.h>
+#include <mruby/string.h>
+#include <mruby/debug.h>
+#include "node.h"
+#include <mruby/opcode.h>
+#include <mruby/re.h>
+#include <mruby/throw.h>
+
+#ifndef MRB_CODEGEN_LEVEL_MAX
+#define MRB_CODEGEN_LEVEL_MAX 1024
+#endif
+
+typedef mrb_ast_node node;
+typedef struct mrb_parser_state parser_state;
+
+enum looptype {
+  LOOP_NORMAL,
+  LOOP_BLOCK,
+  LOOP_FOR,
+  LOOP_BEGIN,
+  LOOP_RESCUE,
+};
+
+struct loopinfo {
+  enum looptype type;
+  int pc1, pc2, pc3, acc;
+  int ensure_level;
+  struct loopinfo *prev;
+};
+
+typedef struct scope {
+  mrb_state *mrb;
+  mrb_pool *mpool;
+  struct mrb_jmpbuf jmp;
+
+  struct scope *prev;
+
+  node *lv;
+
+  int sp;
+  int pc;
+  int lastlabel;
+  int ainfo:15;
+  mrb_bool mscope:1;
+
+  struct loopinfo *loop;
+  int ensure_level;
+  char const *filename;
+  uint16_t lineno;
+
+  mrb_code *iseq;
+  uint16_t *lines;
+  int icapa;
+
+  mrb_irep *irep;
+  int pcapa, scapa, rcapa;
+
+  uint16_t nlocals;
+  uint16_t nregs;
+  int ai;
+
+  int debug_start_pos;
+  uint16_t filename_index;
+  parser_state* parser;
+
+  int rlev;                     /* recursion levels */
+} codegen_scope;
+
+static codegen_scope* scope_new(mrb_state *mrb, codegen_scope *prev, node *lv);
+static void scope_finish(codegen_scope *s);
+static struct loopinfo *loop_push(codegen_scope *s, enum looptype t);
+static void loop_break(codegen_scope *s, node *tree);
+static void loop_pop(codegen_scope *s, int val);
+
+static void gen_assignment(codegen_scope *s, node *tree, int sp, int val);
+static void gen_vmassignment(codegen_scope *s, node *tree, int rhs, int val);
+
+static void codegen(codegen_scope *s, node *tree, int val);
+static void raise_error(codegen_scope *s, const char *msg);
+
+static void
+codegen_error(codegen_scope *s, const char *message)
+{
+  if (!s) return;
+  while (s->prev) {
+    codegen_scope *tmp = s->prev;
+    mrb_free(s->mrb, s->iseq);
+    mrb_pool_close(s->mpool);
+    s = tmp;
+  }
+#ifndef MRB_DISABLE_STDIO
+  if (s->filename && s->lineno) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "codegen error:%s:%d: %s\n", s->filename, s->lineno, message);
+  }
+  else {
+    fprintf(stderr, "codegen error: %s\n", message);
+  }
+#endif
+  MRB_THROW(&s->jmp);
+}
+
+static void*
+codegen_palloc(codegen_scope *s, size_t len)
+{
+  void *p = mrb_pool_alloc(s->mpool, len);
+
+  if (!p) codegen_error(s, "pool memory allocation");
+  return p;
+}
+
+static void*
+codegen_malloc(codegen_scope *s, size_t len)
+{
+  void *p = mrb_malloc_simple(s->mrb, len);
+
+  if (!p) codegen_error(s, "mrb_malloc");
+  return p;
+}
+
+static void*
+codegen_realloc(codegen_scope *s, void *p, size_t len)
+{
+  p = mrb_realloc_simple(s->mrb, p, len);
+
+  if (!p && len > 0) codegen_error(s, "mrb_realloc");
+  return p;
+}
+
+static int
+new_label(codegen_scope *s)
+{
+  s->lastlabel = s->pc;
+  return s->pc;
+}
+
+static inline int
+genop(codegen_scope *s, mrb_code i)
+{
+  if (s->pc == s->icapa) {
+    s->icapa *= 2;
+    s->iseq = (mrb_code *)codegen_realloc(s, s->iseq, sizeof(mrb_code)*s->icapa);
+    if (s->lines) {
+      s->lines = (uint16_t*)codegen_realloc(s, s->lines, sizeof(short)*s->icapa);
+      s->irep->lines = s->lines;
+    }
+  }
+  s->iseq[s->pc] = i;
+  if (s->lines) {
+    s->lines[s->pc] = s->lineno;
+  }
+  return s->pc++;
+}
+
+#define NOVAL  0
+#define VAL    1
+
+static mrb_bool
+no_optimize(codegen_scope *s)
+{
+  if (s && s->parser && s->parser->no_optimize)
+    return TRUE;
+  return FALSE;
+}
+
+static int
+genop_peep(codegen_scope *s, mrb_code i, int val)
+{
+  /* peephole optimization */
+  if (!no_optimize(s) && s->lastlabel != s->pc && s->pc > 0) {
+    mrb_code i0 = s->iseq[s->pc-1];
+    int c1 = GET_OPCODE(i);
+    int c0 = GET_OPCODE(i0);
+
+    switch (c1) {
+    case OP_MOVE:
+      if (GETARG_A(i) == GETARG_B(i)) {
+        /* skip useless OP_MOVE */
+        return 0;
+      }
+      if (val) break;
+      switch (c0) {
+      case OP_MOVE:
+        if (GETARG_A(i) == GETARG_A(i0)) {
+          /* skip overriden OP_MOVE */
+          s->pc--;
+          s->iseq[s->pc] = i;
+        }
+        if (GETARG_B(i) == GETARG_A(i0) && GETARG_A(i) == GETARG_B(i0)) {
+          /* skip swapping OP_MOVE */
+          return 0;
+        }
+        if (GETARG_B(i) == GETARG_A(i0) && GETARG_A(i0) >= s->nlocals) {
+          s->pc--;
+          return genop_peep(s, MKOP_AB(OP_MOVE, GETARG_A(i), GETARG_B(i0)), val);
+        }
+        break;
+      case OP_LOADI:
+        if (GETARG_B(i) == GETARG_A(i0) && GETARG_A(i0) >= s->nlocals) {
+          s->iseq[s->pc-1] = MKOP_AsBx(OP_LOADI, GETARG_A(i), GETARG_sBx(i0));
+          return 0;
+        }
+        break;
+      case OP_ARRAY:
+      case OP_HASH:
+      case OP_RANGE:
+      case OP_AREF:
+      case OP_GETUPVAR:
+        if (GETARG_B(i) == GETARG_A(i0) && GETARG_A(i0) >= s->nlocals) {
+          s->iseq[s->pc-1] = MKOP_ABC(c0, GETARG_A(i), GETARG_B(i0), GETARG_C(i0));
+          return 0;
+        }
+        break;
+      case OP_LOADSYM:
+      case OP_GETGLOBAL:
+      case OP_GETIV:
+      case OP_GETCV:
+      case OP_GETCONST:
+      case OP_GETSPECIAL:
+      case OP_LOADL:
+      case OP_STRING:
+        if (GETARG_B(i) == GETARG_A(i0) && GETARG_A(i0) >= s->nlocals) {
+          s->iseq[s->pc-1] = MKOP_ABx(c0, GETARG_A(i), GETARG_Bx(i0));
+          return 0;
+        }
+        break;
+      case OP_SCLASS:
+        if (GETARG_B(i) == GETARG_A(i0) && GETARG_A(i0) >= s->nlocals) {
+          s->iseq[s->pc-1] = MKOP_AB(c0, GETARG_A(i), GETARG_B(i0));
+          return 0;
+        }
+        break;
+      case OP_LOADNIL:
+      case OP_LOADSELF:
+      case OP_LOADT:
+      case OP_LOADF:
+      case OP_OCLASS:
+        if (GETARG_B(i) == GETARG_A(i0) && GETARG_A(i0) >= s->nlocals) {
+          s->iseq[s->pc-1] = MKOP_A(c0, GETARG_A(i));
+          return 0;
+        }
+        break;
+      default:
+        break;
+      }
+      break;
+    case OP_SETIV:
+    case OP_SETCV:
+    case OP_SETCONST:
+    case OP_SETMCNST:
+    case OP_SETGLOBAL:
+      if (val) break;
+      if (c0 == OP_MOVE) {
+        if (GETARG_A(i) == GETARG_A(i0)) {
+          s->iseq[s->pc-1] = MKOP_ABx(c1, GETARG_B(i0), GETARG_Bx(i));
+          return 0;
+        }
+      }
+      break;
+    case OP_SETUPVAR:
+      if (val) break;
+      if (c0 == OP_MOVE) {
+        if (GETARG_A(i) == GETARG_A(i0)) {
+          s->iseq[s->pc-1] = MKOP_ABC(c1, GETARG_B(i0), GETARG_B(i), GETARG_C(i));
+          return 0;
+        }
+      }
+      break;
+    case OP_GETUPVAR:
+      if (c0 == OP_SETUPVAR) {
+        if (GETARG_B(i) == GETARG_B(i0) && GETARG_C(i) == GETARG_C(i0)) {
+          if (GETARG_A(i) == GETARG_A(i0)) {
+            /* just skip OP_SETUPVAR */
+            return 0;
+          }
+          else {
+            return genop(s, MKOP_AB(OP_MOVE, GETARG_A(i), GETARG_A(i0)));
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      break;
+    case OP_EPOP:
+      if (c0 == OP_EPOP) {
+        s->iseq[s->pc-1] = MKOP_A(OP_EPOP, GETARG_A(i0)+GETARG_A(i));
+        return 0;
+      }
+      break;
+    case OP_POPERR:
+      if (c0 == OP_POPERR) {
+        s->iseq[s->pc-1] = MKOP_A(OP_POPERR, GETARG_A(i0)+GETARG_A(i));
+        return 0;
+      }
+      break;
+    case OP_RETURN:
+      switch (c0) {
+      case OP_RETURN:
+        return 0;
+      case OP_MOVE:
+        if (GETARG_A(i0) >= s->nlocals) {
+          s->iseq[s->pc-1] = MKOP_AB(OP_RETURN, GETARG_B(i0), OP_R_NORMAL);
+          return 0;
+        }
+        break;
+      case OP_SETIV:
+      case OP_SETCV:
+      case OP_SETCONST:
+      case OP_SETMCNST:
+      case OP_SETUPVAR:
+      case OP_SETGLOBAL:
+        s->pc--;
+        genop_peep(s, i0, NOVAL);
+        i0 = s->iseq[s->pc-1];
+        return genop(s, MKOP_AB(OP_RETURN, GETARG_A(i0), OP_R_NORMAL));
+#if 0
+      case OP_SEND:
+        if (GETARG_B(i) == OP_R_NORMAL && GETARG_A(i) == GETARG_A(i0)) {
+          s->iseq[s->pc-1] = MKOP_ABC(OP_TAILCALL, GETARG_A(i0), GETARG_B(i0), GETARG_C(i0));
+          return;
+        }
+        break;
+#endif
+      default:
+        break;
+      }
+      break;
+    case OP_ADD:
+    case OP_SUB:
+      if (c0 == OP_LOADI) {
+        int c = GETARG_sBx(i0);
+
+        if (c1 == OP_SUB) c = -c;
+        if (c > 127 || c < -127) break;
+        if (0 <= c)
+          s->iseq[s->pc-1] = MKOP_ABC(OP_ADDI, GETARG_A(i), GETARG_B(i), c);
+        else
+          s->iseq[s->pc-1] = MKOP_ABC(OP_SUBI, GETARG_A(i), GETARG_B(i), -c);
+        return 0;
+      }
+      break;
+    case OP_ARYCAT:
+    case OP_ARYPUSH:
+      if (c0 == OP_MOVE && GETARG_A(i0) >= s->nlocals) {
+        s->iseq[s->pc-1] = MKOP_AB(c1, GETARG_A(i), GETARG_B(i0));
+        return 0;
+      }
+      break;
+    case OP_STRCAT:
+      if (c0 == OP_STRING) {
+        mrb_value v = s->irep->pool[GETARG_Bx(i0)];
+
+        if (mrb_string_p(v) && RSTRING_LEN(v) == 0) {
+          s->pc--;
+          return 0;
+        }
+      }
+      if (c0 == OP_LOADNIL) {
+        if (GETARG_B(i) == GETARG_A(i0)) {
+          s->pc--;
+          return 0;
+        }
+      }
+      break;
+    case OP_JMPIF:
+    case OP_JMPNOT:
+      if (c0 == OP_MOVE && GETARG_A(i) == GETARG_A(i0)) {
+        s->iseq[s->pc-1] = MKOP_AsBx(c1, GETARG_B(i0), GETARG_sBx(i));
+        return s->pc-1;
+      }
+      break;
+    default:
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  return genop(s, i);
+}
+
+static void
+scope_error(codegen_scope *s)
+{
+  exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+}
+
+static void
+distcheck(codegen_scope *s, int diff)
+{
+  if (diff > MAXARG_sBx || diff < -MAXARG_sBx) {
+    codegen_error(s, "too distant jump address");
+  }
+}
+
+static inline void
+dispatch(codegen_scope *s, int pc)
+{
+  int diff = s->pc - pc;
+  mrb_code i = s->iseq[pc];
+  int c = GET_OPCODE(i);
+
+  s->lastlabel = s->pc;
+  switch (c) {
+  case OP_JMP:
+  case OP_JMPIF:
+  case OP_JMPNOT:
+  case OP_ONERR:
+    break;
+  default:
+#ifndef MRB_DISABLE_STDIO
+    fprintf(stderr, "bug: dispatch on non JMP op\n");
+#endif
+    scope_error(s);
+    break;
+  }
+  distcheck(s, diff);
+  s->iseq[pc] = MKOP_AsBx(c, GETARG_A(i), diff);
+}
+
+static void
+dispatch_linked(codegen_scope *s, int pc)
+{
+  mrb_code i;
+  int pos;
+
+  if (!pc) return;
+  for (;;) {
+    i = s->iseq[pc];
+    pos = GETARG_sBx(i);
+    dispatch(s, pc);
+    if (!pos) break;
+    pc = pos;
+  }
+}
+
+#define nregs_update do {if (s->sp > s->nregs) s->nregs = s->sp;} while (0)
+static void
+push_(codegen_scope *s)
+{
+  if (s->sp > 511) {
+    codegen_error(s, "too complex expression");
+  }
+  s->sp++;
+  nregs_update;
+}
+
+static void
+push_n_(codegen_scope *s, int n)
+{
+  if (s->sp+n > 511) {
+    codegen_error(s, "too complex expression");
+  }
+  s->sp+=n;
+  nregs_update;
+}
+
+#define push() push_(s)
+#define push_n(n) push_n_(s,n)
+#define pop_(s) ((s)->sp--)
+#define pop() pop_(s)
+#define pop_n(n) (s->sp-=(n))
+#define cursp() (s->sp)
+
+static inline int
+new_lit(codegen_scope *s, mrb_value val)
+{
+  int i;
+  mrb_value *pv;
+
+  switch (mrb_type(val)) {
+  case MRB_TT_STRING:
+    for (i=0; i<s->irep->plen; i++) {
+      mrb_int len;
+      pv = &s->irep->pool[i];
+
+      if (mrb_type(*pv) != MRB_TT_STRING) continue;
+      if ((len = RSTRING_LEN(*pv)) != RSTRING_LEN(val)) continue;
+      if (memcmp(RSTRING_PTR(*pv), RSTRING_PTR(val), len) == 0)
+        return i;
+    }
+    break;
+#ifndef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
+  case MRB_TT_FLOAT:
+    for (i=0; i<s->irep->plen; i++) {
+      pv = &s->irep->pool[i];
+      if (mrb_type(*pv) != MRB_TT_FLOAT) continue;
+      if (mrb_float(*pv) == mrb_float(val)) return i;
+    }
+    break;
+#endif
+  case MRB_TT_FIXNUM:
+    for (i=0; i<s->irep->plen; i++) {
+      pv = &s->irep->pool[i];
+      if (!mrb_fixnum_p(*pv)) continue;
+      if (mrb_fixnum(*pv) == mrb_fixnum(val)) return i;
+    }
+    break;
+  default:
+    /* should not happen */
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  if (s->irep->plen == s->pcapa) {
+    s->pcapa *= 2;
+    s->irep->pool = (mrb_value *)codegen_realloc(s, s->irep->pool, sizeof(mrb_value)*s->pcapa);
+  }
+
+  pv = &s->irep->pool[s->irep->plen];
+  i = s->irep->plen++;
+
+  switch (mrb_type(val)) {
+  case MRB_TT_STRING:
+    *pv = mrb_str_pool(s->mrb, val);
+    break;
+
+#ifndef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
+  case MRB_TT_FLOAT:
+#ifdef MRB_WORD_BOXING
+    *pv = mrb_float_pool(s->mrb, mrb_float(val));
+    break;
+#endif
+#endif
+  case MRB_TT_FIXNUM:
+    *pv = val;
+    break;
+
+  default:
+    /* should not happen */
+    break;
+  }
+  return i;
+}
+
+/* method symbols should be fit in 9 bits */
+#define MAXMSYMLEN 512
+/* maximum symbol numbers */
+#define MAXSYMLEN 65536
+
+static int
+new_msym(codegen_scope *s, mrb_sym sym)
+{
+  int i, len;
+
+  mrb_assert(s->irep);
+
+  len = s->irep->slen;
+  if (len > MAXMSYMLEN) len = MAXMSYMLEN;
+  for (i=0; i<len; i++) {
+    if (s->irep->syms[i] == sym) return i;
+    if (s->irep->syms[i] == 0) break;
+  }
+  if (i == MAXMSYMLEN) {
+    codegen_error(s, "too many symbols (max " MRB_STRINGIZE(MAXMSYMLEN) ")");
+  }
+  s->irep->syms[i] = sym;
+  if (i == s->irep->slen) s->irep->slen++;
+  return i;
+}
+
+static int
+new_sym(codegen_scope *s, mrb_sym sym)
+{
+  int i;
+
+  for (i=0; i<s->irep->slen; i++) {
+    if (s->irep->syms[i] == sym) return i;
+  }
+  if (s->irep->slen == MAXSYMLEN) {
+    codegen_error(s, "too many symbols (max " MRB_STRINGIZE(MAXSYMLEN) ")");
+  }
+
+  if (s->irep->slen > MAXMSYMLEN/2 && s->scapa == MAXMSYMLEN) {
+    s->scapa = MAXSYMLEN;
+    s->irep->syms = (mrb_sym *)codegen_realloc(s, s->irep->syms, sizeof(mrb_sym)*MAXSYMLEN);
+    for (i = s->irep->slen; i < MAXMSYMLEN; i++) {
+      static const mrb_sym mrb_sym_zero = { 0 };
+      s->irep->syms[i] = mrb_sym_zero;
+    }
+    s->irep->slen = MAXMSYMLEN;
+  }
+  s->irep->syms[s->irep->slen] = sym;
+  return s->irep->slen++;
+}
+
+static int
+node_len(node *tree)
+{
+  int n = 0;
+
+  while (tree) {
+    n++;
+    tree = tree->cdr;
+  }
+  return n;
+}
+
+#define nsym(x) ((mrb_sym)(intptr_t)(x))
+#define lv_name(lv) nsym((lv)->car)
+static int
+lv_idx(codegen_scope *s, mrb_sym id)
+{
+  node *lv = s->lv;
+  int n = 1;
+
+  while (lv) {
+    if (lv_name(lv) == id) return n;
+    n++;
+    lv = lv->cdr;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static void
+for_body(codegen_scope *s, node *tree)
+{
+  codegen_scope *prev = s;
+  int idx;
+  struct loopinfo *lp;
+  node *n2;
+  mrb_code c;
+
+  /* generate receiver */
+  codegen(s, tree->cdr->car, VAL);
+  /* generate loop-block */
+  s = scope_new(s->mrb, s, NULL);
+  if (s == NULL) {
+    raise_error(prev, "unexpected scope");
+  }
+
+  push();                       /* push for a block parameter */
+
+  /* generate loop variable */
+  n2 = tree->car;
+  genop(s, MKOP_Ax(OP_ENTER, 0x40000));
+  if (n2->car && !n2->car->cdr && !n2->cdr) {
+    gen_assignment(s, n2->car->car, 1, NOVAL);
+  }
+  else {
+    gen_vmassignment(s, n2, 1, VAL);
+  }
+  /* construct loop */
+  lp = loop_push(s, LOOP_FOR);
+  lp->pc2 = new_label(s);
+
+  /* loop body */
+  codegen(s, tree->cdr->cdr->car, VAL);
+  pop();
+  if (s->pc > 0) {
+    c = s->iseq[s->pc-1];
+    if (GET_OPCODE(c) != OP_RETURN || GETARG_B(c) != OP_R_NORMAL || s->pc == s->lastlabel)
+      genop_peep(s, MKOP_AB(OP_RETURN, cursp(), OP_R_NORMAL), NOVAL);
+  }
+  loop_pop(s, NOVAL);
+  scope_finish(s);
+  s = prev;
+  genop(s, MKOP_Abc(OP_LAMBDA, cursp(), s->irep->rlen-1, OP_L_BLOCK));
+  push();pop(); /* space for a block */
+  pop();
+  idx = new_msym(s, mrb_intern_lit(s->mrb, "each"));
+  genop(s, MKOP_ABC(OP_SENDB, cursp(), idx, 0));
+}
+
+static int
+lambda_body(codegen_scope *s, node *tree, int blk)
+{
+  mrb_code c;
+  codegen_scope *parent = s;
+  s = scope_new(s->mrb, s, tree->car);
+  if (s == NULL) {
+    raise_error(parent, "unexpected scope");
+  }
+
+  s->mscope = !blk;
+
+  if (blk) {
+    struct loopinfo *lp = loop_push(s, LOOP_BLOCK);
+    lp->pc1 = new_label(s);
+  }
+  tree = tree->cdr;
+  if (tree->car) {
+    mrb_aspec a;
+    int ma, oa, ra, pa, ka, kd, ba;
+    int pos, i;
+    node *n, *opt;
+
+    ma = node_len(tree->car->car);
+    n = tree->car->car;
+    while (n) {
+      n = n->cdr;
+    }
+    oa = node_len(tree->car->cdr->car);
+    ra = tree->car->cdr->cdr->car ? 1 : 0;
+    pa = node_len(tree->car->cdr->cdr->cdr->car);
+    ka = kd = 0;
+    ba = tree->car->cdr->cdr->cdr->cdr ? 1 : 0;
+
+    if (ma > 0x1f || oa > 0x1f || pa > 0x1f || ka > 0x1f) {
+      codegen_error(s, "too many formal arguments");
+    }
+    a = ((mrb_aspec)(ma & 0x1f) << 18)
+      | ((mrb_aspec)(oa & 0x1f) << 13)
+      | ((ra & 1) << 12)
+      | ((pa & 0x1f) << 7)
+      | ((ka & 0x1f) << 2)
+      | ((kd & 1)<< 1)
+      | (ba & 1);
+    s->ainfo = (((ma+oa) & 0x3f) << 6) /* (12bits = 6:1:5) */
+      | ((ra & 1) << 5)
+      | (pa & 0x1f);
+    genop(s, MKOP_Ax(OP_ENTER, a));
+    pos = new_label(s);
+    for (i=0; i<oa; i++) {
+      new_label(s);
+      genop(s, MKOP_sBx(OP_JMP, 0));
+    }
+    if (oa > 0) {
+      genop(s, MKOP_sBx(OP_JMP, 0));
+    }
+    opt = tree->car->cdr->car;
+    i = 0;
+    while (opt) {
+      int idx;
+
+      dispatch(s, pos+i);
+      codegen(s, opt->car->cdr, VAL);
+      idx = lv_idx(s, nsym(opt->car->car));
+      pop();
+      genop_peep(s, MKOP_AB(OP_MOVE, idx, cursp()), NOVAL);
+      i++;
+      opt = opt->cdr;
+    }
+    if (oa > 0) {
+      dispatch(s, pos+i);
+    }
+  }
+  codegen(s, tree->cdr->car, VAL);
+  pop();
+  if (s->pc > 0) {
+    c = s->iseq[s->pc-1];
+    if (GET_OPCODE(c) != OP_RETURN || GETARG_B(c) != OP_R_NORMAL || s->pc == s->lastlabel) {
+      if (s->nregs == 0) {
+        genop(s, MKOP_A(OP_LOADNIL, 0));
+        genop(s, MKOP_AB(OP_RETURN, 0, OP_R_NORMAL));
+      }
+      else {
+        genop_peep(s, MKOP_AB(OP_RETURN, cursp(), OP_R_NORMAL), NOVAL);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  if (blk) {
+    loop_pop(s, NOVAL);
+  }
+  scope_finish(s);
+  return parent->irep->rlen - 1;
+}
+
+static int
+scope_body(codegen_scope *s, node *tree, int val)
+{
+  codegen_scope *scope = scope_new(s->mrb, s, tree->car);
+  if (scope == NULL) {
+    raise_error(s, "unexpected scope");
+  }
+
+  codegen(scope, tree->cdr, VAL);
+  if (!s->iseq) {
+    genop(scope, MKOP_A(OP_STOP, 0));
+  }
+  else if (!val) {
+    genop(scope, MKOP_AB(OP_RETURN, 0, OP_R_NORMAL));
+  }
+  else {
+    if (scope->nregs == 0) {
+      genop(scope, MKOP_A(OP_LOADNIL, 0));
+      genop(scope, MKOP_AB(OP_RETURN, 0, OP_R_NORMAL));
+    }
+    else {
+      genop_peep(scope, MKOP_AB(OP_RETURN, scope->sp-1, OP_R_NORMAL), NOVAL);
+    }
+  }
+  scope_finish(scope);
+  if (!s->irep) {
+    /* should not happen */
+    return 0;
+  }
+  return s->irep->rlen - 1;
+}
+
+#define nint(x) ((int)(intptr_t)(x))
+#define nchar(x) ((char)(intptr_t)(x))
+
+static mrb_bool
+nosplat(node *t)
+{
+  while (t) {
+    if (nint(t->car->car) == NODE_SPLAT) return FALSE;
+    t = t->cdr;
+  }
+  return TRUE;
+}
+
+static mrb_sym
+attrsym(codegen_scope *s, mrb_sym a)
+{
+  const char *name;
+  mrb_int len;
+  char *name2;
+
+  name = mrb_sym2name_len(s->mrb, a, &len);
+  name2 = (char *)codegen_palloc(s,
+                                 (size_t)len
+                                 + 1 /* '=' */
+                                 + 1 /* '\0' */
+                                 );
+  mrb_assert_int_fit(mrb_int, len, size_t, SIZE_MAX);
+  memcpy(name2, name, (size_t)len);
+  name2[len] = '=';
+  name2[len+1] = '\0';
+
+  return mrb_intern(s->mrb, name2, len+1);
+}
+
+#define CALL_MAXARGS 127
+
+static int
+gen_values(codegen_scope *s, node *t, int val, int extra)
+{
+  int n = 0;
+  int is_splat;
+
+  while (t) {
+    is_splat = nint(t->car->car) == NODE_SPLAT; /* splat mode */
+    if (
+      n+extra >= CALL_MAXARGS - 1 /* need to subtract one because vm.c expects an array if n == CALL_MAXARGS */
+      || is_splat) {
+      if (val) {
+        if (is_splat && n == 0 && nint(t->car->cdr->car) == NODE_ARRAY) {
+          codegen(s, t->car->cdr, VAL);
+          pop();
+        }
+        else {
+          pop_n(n);
+          genop(s, MKOP_ABC(OP_ARRAY, cursp(), cursp(), n));
+          push();
+          codegen(s, t->car, VAL);
+          pop(); pop();
+          if (is_splat) {
+            genop_peep(s, MKOP_AB(OP_ARYCAT, cursp(), cursp()+1), NOVAL);
+          }
+          else {
+            genop_peep(s, MKOP_AB(OP_ARYPUSH, cursp(), cursp()+1), NOVAL);
+          }
+        }
+        t = t->cdr;
+        while (t) {
+          push();
+          codegen(s, t->car, VAL);
+          pop(); pop();
+          if (nint(t->car->car) == NODE_SPLAT) {
+            genop_peep(s, MKOP_AB(OP_ARYCAT, cursp(), cursp()+1), NOVAL);
+          }
+          else {
+            genop_peep(s, MKOP_AB(OP_ARYPUSH, cursp(), cursp()+1), NOVAL);
+          }
+          t = t->cdr;
+        }
+      }
+      else {
+        while (t) {
+          codegen(s, t->car, NOVAL);
+          t = t->cdr;
+        }
+      }
+      return -1;
+    }
+    /* normal (no splat) mode */
+    codegen(s, t->car, val);
+    n++;
+    t = t->cdr;
+  }
+  return n;
+}
+
+static void
+gen_call(codegen_scope *s, node *tree, mrb_sym name, int sp, int val, int safe)
+{
+  mrb_sym sym = name ? name : nsym(tree->cdr->car);
+  int idx, skip = 0;
+  int n = 0, noop = 0, sendv = 0, blk = 0;
+
+  codegen(s, tree->car, VAL); /* receiver */
+  if (safe) {
+    int recv = cursp()-1;
+    genop(s, MKOP_A(OP_LOADNIL, cursp()));
+    push();
+    genop(s, MKOP_AB(OP_MOVE, cursp(), recv));
+    push_n(2); pop_n(2); /* space for one arg and a block */
+    pop();
+    idx = new_msym(s, mrb_intern_lit(s->mrb, "=="));
+    genop(s, MKOP_ABC(OP_EQ, cursp(), idx, 1));
+    skip = genop(s, MKOP_AsBx(OP_JMPIF, cursp(), 0));
+  }
+  idx = new_msym(s, sym);
+  tree = tree->cdr->cdr->car;
+  if (tree) {
+    n = gen_values(s, tree->car, VAL, sp?1:0);
+    if (n < 0) {
+      n = noop = sendv = 1;
+      push();
+    }
+  }
+  if (sp) {
+    if (sendv) {
+      pop();
+      genop(s, MKOP_AB(OP_ARYPUSH, cursp(), sp));
+      push();
+    }
+    else {
+      genop(s, MKOP_AB(OP_MOVE, cursp(), sp));
+      push();
+      n++;
+    }
+  }
+  if (tree && tree->cdr) {
+    noop = 1;
+    codegen(s, tree->cdr, VAL);
+    pop();
+  }
+  else {
+    blk = cursp();
+  }
+  push();pop();
+  pop_n(n+1);
+  {
+    mrb_int symlen;
+    const char *symname = mrb_sym2name_len(s->mrb, sym, &symlen);
+
+    if (!noop && symlen == 1 && symname[0] == '+' && n == 1)  {
+      genop_peep(s, MKOP_ABC(OP_ADD, cursp(), idx, n), val);
+    }
+    else if (!noop && symlen == 1 && symname[0] == '-' && n == 1)  {
+      genop_peep(s, MKOP_ABC(OP_SUB, cursp(), idx, n), val);
+    }
+    else if (!noop && symlen == 1 && symname[0] == '*' && n == 1)  {
+      genop(s, MKOP_ABC(OP_MUL, cursp(), idx, n));
+    }
+    else if (!noop && symlen == 1 && symname[0] == '/' && n == 1)  {
+      genop(s, MKOP_ABC(OP_DIV, cursp(), idx, n));
+    }
+    else if (!noop && symlen == 1 && symname[0] == '<' && n == 1)  {
+      genop(s, MKOP_ABC(OP_LT, cursp(), idx, n));
+    }
+    else if (!noop && symlen == 2 && symname[0] == '<' && symname[1] == '=' && n == 1)  {
+      genop(s, MKOP_ABC(OP_LE, cursp(), idx, n));
+    }
+    else if (!noop && symlen == 1 && symname[0] == '>' && n == 1)  {
+      genop(s, MKOP_ABC(OP_GT, cursp(), idx, n));
+    }
+    else if (!noop && symlen == 2 && symname[0] == '>' && symname[1] == '=' && n == 1)  {
+      genop(s, MKOP_ABC(OP_GE, cursp(), idx, n));
+    }
+    else if (!noop && symlen == 2 && symname[0] == '=' && symname[1] == '=' && n == 1)  {
+      genop(s, MKOP_ABC(OP_EQ, cursp(), idx, n));
+    }
+    else {
+      if (sendv) n = CALL_MAXARGS;
+      if (blk > 0) {                   /* no block */
+        genop(s, MKOP_ABC(OP_SEND, cursp(), idx, n));
+      }
+      else {
+        genop(s, MKOP_ABC(OP_SENDB, cursp(), idx, n));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  if (safe) {
+    dispatch(s, skip);
+  }
+  if (val) {
+    push();
+  }
+}
+
+static void
+gen_assignment(codegen_scope *s, node *tree, int sp, int val)
+{
+  int idx;
+  int type = nint(tree->car);
+
+  tree = tree->cdr;
+  switch (type) {
+  case NODE_GVAR:
+    idx = new_sym(s, nsym(tree));
+    genop_peep(s, MKOP_ABx(OP_SETGLOBAL, sp, idx), val);
+    break;
+  case NODE_LVAR:
+    idx = lv_idx(s, nsym(tree));
+    if (idx > 0) {
+      if (idx != sp) {
+        genop_peep(s, MKOP_AB(OP_MOVE, idx, sp), val);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    else {                      /* upvar */
+      int lv = 0;
+      codegen_scope *up = s->prev;
+
+      while (up) {
+        idx = lv_idx(up, nsym(tree));
+        if (idx > 0) {
+          genop_peep(s, MKOP_ABC(OP_SETUPVAR, sp, idx, lv), val);
+          break;
+        }
+        lv++;
+        up = up->prev;
+      }
+    }
+    break;
+  case NODE_IVAR:
+    idx = new_sym(s, nsym(tree));
+    genop_peep(s, MKOP_ABx(OP_SETIV, sp, idx), val);
+    break;
+  case NODE_CVAR:
+    idx = new_sym(s, nsym(tree));
+    genop_peep(s, MKOP_ABx(OP_SETCV, sp, idx), val);
+    break;
+  case NODE_CONST:
+    idx = new_sym(s, nsym(tree));
+    genop_peep(s, MKOP_ABx(OP_SETCONST, sp, idx), val);
+    break;
+  case NODE_COLON2:
+    idx = new_sym(s, nsym(tree->cdr));
+    genop_peep(s, MKOP_AB(OP_MOVE, cursp(), sp), NOVAL);
+    push();
+    codegen(s, tree->car, VAL);
+    pop_n(2);
+    genop_peep(s, MKOP_ABx(OP_SETMCNST, cursp(), idx), val);
+    break;
+
+  case NODE_CALL:
+  case NODE_SCALL:
+    push();
+    gen_call(s, tree, attrsym(s, nsym(tree->cdr->car)), sp, NOVAL,
+             type == NODE_SCALL);
+    pop();
+    if (val) {
+      genop_peep(s, MKOP_AB(OP_MOVE, cursp(), sp), val);
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case NODE_MASGN:
+    gen_vmassignment(s, tree->car, sp, val);
+    break;
+
+  /* splat without assignment */
+  case NODE_NIL:
+    break;
+
+  default:
+#ifndef MRB_DISABLE_STDIO
+    fprintf(stderr, "unknown lhs %d\n", type);
+#endif
+    break;
+  }
+  if (val) push();
+}
+
+static void
+gen_vmassignment(codegen_scope *s, node *tree, int rhs, int val)
+{
+  int n = 0, post = 0;
+  node *t, *p;
+
+  if (tree->car) {              /* pre */
+    t = tree->car;
+    n = 0;
+    while (t) {
+      genop(s, MKOP_ABC(OP_AREF, cursp(), rhs, n));
+      gen_assignment(s, t->car, cursp(), NOVAL);
+      n++;
+      t = t->cdr;
+    }
+  }
+  t = tree->cdr;
+  if (t) {
+    if (t->cdr) {               /* post count */
+      p = t->cdr->car;
+      while (p) {
+        post++;
+        p = p->cdr;
+      }
+    }
+    if (val) {
+      genop(s, MKOP_AB(OP_MOVE, cursp(), rhs));
+    }
+    else {
+      pop();
+    }
+    push_n(post);
+    pop_n(post);
+    genop(s, MKOP_ABC(OP_APOST, cursp(), n, post));
+    n = 1;
+    if (t->car) {               /* rest */
+      gen_assignment(s, t->car, cursp(), NOVAL);
+    }
+    if (t->cdr && t->cdr->car) {
+      t = t->cdr->car;
+      while (t) {
+        gen_assignment(s, t->car, cursp()+n, NOVAL);
+        t = t->cdr;
+        n++;
+      }
+    }
+    if (!val) {
+      push();
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static void
+gen_send_intern(codegen_scope *s)
+{
+  push();pop(); /* space for a block */
+  pop();
+  genop(s, MKOP_ABC(OP_SEND, cursp(), new_msym(s, mrb_intern_lit(s->mrb, "intern")), 0));
+  push();
+}
+static void
+gen_literal_array(codegen_scope *s, node *tree, mrb_bool sym, int val)
+{
+  if (val) {
+    int i = 0, j = 0;
+
+    while (tree) {
+      switch (nint(tree->car->car)) {
+      case NODE_STR:
+        if ((tree->cdr == NULL) && (nint(tree->car->cdr->cdr) == 0))
+          break;
+        /* fall through */
+      case NODE_BEGIN:
+        codegen(s, tree->car, VAL);
+        ++j;
+        break;
+
+      case NODE_LITERAL_DELIM:
+        if (j > 0) {
+          j = 0;
+          ++i;
+          if (sym)
+            gen_send_intern(s);
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      if (j >= 2) {
+        pop(); pop();
+        genop_peep(s, MKOP_AB(OP_STRCAT, cursp(), cursp()+1), VAL);
+        push();
+        j = 1;
+      }
+      tree = tree->cdr;
+    }
+    if (j > 0) {
+      ++i;
+      if (sym)
+        gen_send_intern(s);
+    }
+    pop_n(i);
+    genop(s, MKOP_ABC(OP_ARRAY, cursp(), cursp(), i));
+    push();
+  }
+  else {
+    while (tree) {
+      switch (nint(tree->car->car)) {
+      case NODE_BEGIN: case NODE_BLOCK:
+        codegen(s, tree->car, NOVAL);
+      }
+      tree = tree->cdr;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static void
+raise_error(codegen_scope *s, const char *msg)
+{
+  int idx = new_lit(s, mrb_str_new_cstr(s->mrb, msg));
+
+  genop(s, MKOP_ABx(OP_ERR, 1, idx));
+}
+
+#ifndef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
+static double
+readint_float(codegen_scope *s, const char *p, int base)
+{
+  const char *e = p + strlen(p);
+  double f = 0;
+  int n;
+
+  if (*p == '+') p++;
+  while (p < e) {
+    char c = *p;
+    c = tolower((unsigned char)c);
+    for (n=0; n<base; n++) {
+      if (mrb_digitmap[n] == c) {
+        f *= base;
+        f += n;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    if (n == base) {
+      codegen_error(s, "malformed readint input");
+    }
+    p++;
+  }
+  return f;
+}
+#endif
+
+static mrb_int
+readint_mrb_int(codegen_scope *s, const char *p, int base, mrb_bool neg, mrb_bool *overflow)
+{
+  const char *e = p + strlen(p);
+  mrb_int result = 0;
+  int n;
+
+  mrb_assert(base >= 2 && base <= 36);
+  if (*p == '+') p++;
+  while (p < e) {
+    char c = *p;
+    c = tolower((unsigned char)c);
+    for (n=0; n<base; n++) {
+      if (mrb_digitmap[n] == c) {
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    if (n == base) {
+      codegen_error(s, "malformed readint input");
+    }
+
+    if (neg) {
+      if ((MRB_INT_MIN + n)/base > result) {
+        *overflow = TRUE;
+        return 0;
+      }
+      result *= base;
+      result -= n;
+    }
+    else {
+      if ((MRB_INT_MAX - n)/base < result) {
+        *overflow = TRUE;
+        return 0;
+      }
+      result *= base;
+      result += n;
+    }
+    p++;
+  }
+  *overflow = FALSE;
+  return result;
+}
+
+static void
+gen_retval(codegen_scope *s, node *tree)
+{
+  if (nint(tree->car) == NODE_SPLAT) {
+    genop(s, MKOP_ABC(OP_ARRAY, cursp(), cursp(), 0));
+    push();
+    codegen(s, tree, VAL);
+    pop(); pop();
+    genop(s, MKOP_AB(OP_ARYCAT, cursp(), cursp()+1));
+  }
+  else {
+    codegen(s, tree, VAL);
+    pop();
+  }
+}
+
+static void
+codegen(codegen_scope *s, node *tree, int val)
+{
+  int nt;
+  int rlev = s->rlev;
+
+  if (!tree) {
+    if (val) {
+      genop(s, MKOP_A(OP_LOADNIL, cursp()));
+      push();
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+
+  s->rlev++;
+  if (s->rlev > MRB_CODEGEN_LEVEL_MAX) {
+    codegen_error(s, "too complex expression");
+  }
+  if (s->irep && s->filename_index != tree->filename_index) {
+    s->irep->filename = mrb_parser_get_filename(s->parser, s->filename_index);
+    mrb_debug_info_append_file(s->mrb, s->irep, s->debug_start_pos, s->pc);
+    s->debug_start_pos = s->pc;
+    s->filename_index = tree->filename_index;
+    s->filename = mrb_parser_get_filename(s->parser, tree->filename_index);
+  }
+
+  nt = nint(tree->car);
+  s->lineno = tree->lineno;
+  tree = tree->cdr;
+  switch (nt) {
+  case NODE_BEGIN:
+    if (val && !tree) {
+      genop(s, MKOP_A(OP_LOADNIL, cursp()));
+      push();
+    }
+    while (tree) {
+      codegen(s, tree->car, tree->cdr ? NOVAL : val);
+      tree = tree->cdr;
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case NODE_RESCUE:
+    {
+      int onerr, noexc, exend, pos1, pos2, tmp;
+      struct loopinfo *lp;
+
+      if (tree->car == NULL) goto exit;
+      onerr = genop(s, MKOP_Bx(OP_ONERR, 0));
+      lp = loop_push(s, LOOP_BEGIN);
+      lp->pc1 = onerr;
+      codegen(s, tree->car, VAL);
+      pop();
+      lp->type = LOOP_RESCUE;
+      noexc = genop(s, MKOP_Bx(OP_JMP, 0));
+      dispatch(s, onerr);
+      tree = tree->cdr;
+      exend = 0;
+      pos1 = 0;
+      if (tree->car) {
+        node *n2 = tree->car;
+        int exc = cursp();
+
+        genop(s, MKOP_ABC(OP_RESCUE, exc, 0, 0));
+        push();
+        while (n2) {
+          node *n3 = n2->car;
+          node *n4 = n3->car;
+
+          if (pos1) dispatch(s, pos1);
+          pos2 = 0;
+          do {
+            if (n4 && n4->car && nint(n4->car->car) == NODE_SPLAT) {
+              codegen(s, n4->car, VAL);
+              genop(s, MKOP_AB(OP_MOVE, cursp(), exc));
+              push_n(2); pop_n(2); /* space for one arg and a block */
+              pop();
+              genop(s, MKOP_ABC(OP_SEND, cursp(), new_msym(s, mrb_intern_lit(s->mrb, "__case_eqq")), 1));
+            }
+            else {
+              if (n4) {
+                codegen(s, n4->car, VAL);
+              }
+              else {
+                genop(s, MKOP_ABx(OP_GETCONST, cursp(), new_msym(s, mrb_intern_lit(s->mrb, "StandardError"))));
+                push();
+              }
+              pop();
+              genop(s, MKOP_ABC(OP_RESCUE, exc, cursp(), 1));
+            }
+            distcheck(s, pos2);
+            tmp = genop(s, MKOP_AsBx(OP_JMPIF, cursp(), pos2));
+            pos2 = tmp;
+            if (n4) {
+              n4 = n4->cdr;
+            }
+          } while (n4);
+          pos1 = genop(s, MKOP_sBx(OP_JMP, 0));
+          dispatch_linked(s, pos2);
+
+          pop();
+          if (n3->cdr->car) {
+            gen_assignment(s, n3->cdr->car, exc, NOVAL);
+          }
+          if (n3->cdr->cdr->car) {
+            codegen(s, n3->cdr->cdr->car, val);
+            if (val) pop();
+          }
+          distcheck(s, exend);
+          tmp = genop(s, MKOP_sBx(OP_JMP, exend));
+          exend = tmp;
+          n2 = n2->cdr;
+          push();
+        }
+        if (pos1) {
+          dispatch(s, pos1);
+          genop(s, MKOP_A(OP_RAISE, exc));
+        }
+      }
+      pop();
+      tree = tree->cdr;
+      dispatch(s, noexc);
+      genop(s, MKOP_A(OP_POPERR, 1));
+      if (tree->car) {
+        codegen(s, tree->car, val);
+      }
+      else if (val) {
+        push();
+      }
+      dispatch_linked(s, exend);
+      loop_pop(s, NOVAL);
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case NODE_ENSURE:
+    if (!tree->cdr || !tree->cdr->cdr ||
+        (nint(tree->cdr->cdr->car) == NODE_BEGIN &&
+         tree->cdr->cdr->cdr)) {
+      int idx;
+      int epush = s->pc;
+
+      genop(s, MKOP_Bx(OP_EPUSH, 0));
+      s->ensure_level++;
+      codegen(s, tree->car, val);
+      idx = scope_body(s, tree->cdr, NOVAL);
+      s->iseq[epush] = MKOP_Bx(OP_EPUSH, idx);
+      s->ensure_level--;
+      genop_peep(s, MKOP_A(OP_EPOP, 1), NOVAL);
+    }
+    else {                      /* empty ensure ignored */
+      codegen(s, tree->car, val);
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case NODE_LAMBDA:
+    if (val) {
+      int idx = lambda_body(s, tree, 1);
+
+      genop(s, MKOP_Abc(OP_LAMBDA, cursp(), idx, OP_L_LAMBDA));
+      push();
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case NODE_BLOCK:
+    if (val) {
+      int idx = lambda_body(s, tree, 1);
+
+      genop(s, MKOP_Abc(OP_LAMBDA, cursp(), idx, OP_L_BLOCK));
+      push();
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case NODE_IF:
+    {
+      int pos1, pos2;
+      node *e = tree->cdr->cdr->car;
+
+      if (!tree->car) {
+        codegen(s, e, val);
+        goto exit;
+      }
+      switch (nint(tree->car->car)) {
+      case NODE_TRUE:
+      case NODE_INT:
+      case NODE_STR:
+        codegen(s, tree->cdr->car, val);
+        goto exit;
+      case NODE_FALSE:
+      case NODE_NIL:
+        codegen(s, e, val);
+        goto exit;
+      }
+      codegen(s, tree->car, VAL);
+      pop();
+      pos1 = genop_peep(s, MKOP_AsBx(OP_JMPNOT, cursp(), 0), NOVAL);
+
+      codegen(s, tree->cdr->car, val);
+      if (e) {
+        if (val) pop();
+        pos2 = genop(s, MKOP_sBx(OP_JMP, 0));
+        dispatch(s, pos1);
+        codegen(s, e, val);
+        dispatch(s, pos2);
+      }
+      else {
+        if (val) {
+          pop();
+          pos2 = genop(s, MKOP_sBx(OP_JMP, 0));
+          dispatch(s, pos1);
+          genop(s, MKOP_A(OP_LOADNIL, cursp()));
+          dispatch(s, pos2);
+          push();
+        }
+        else {
+          dispatch(s, pos1);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case NODE_AND:
+    {
+      int pos;
+
+      codegen(s, tree->car, VAL);
+      pop();
+      pos = genop(s, MKOP_AsBx(OP_JMPNOT, cursp(), 0));
+      codegen(s, tree->cdr, val);
+      dispatch(s, pos);
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case NODE_OR:
+    {
+      int pos;
+
+      codegen(s, tree->car, VAL);
+      pop();
+      pos = genop(s, MKOP_AsBx(OP_JMPIF, cursp(), 0));
+      codegen(s, tree->cdr, val);
+      dispatch(s, pos);
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case NODE_WHILE:
+    {
+      struct loopinfo *lp = loop_push(s, LOOP_NORMAL);
+
+      lp->pc1 = genop(s, MKOP_sBx(OP_JMP, 0));
+      lp->pc2 = new_label(s);
+      codegen(s, tree->cdr, NOVAL);
+      dispatch(s, lp->pc1);
+      codegen(s, tree->car, VAL);
+      pop();
+      distcheck(s, lp->pc2 - s->pc);
+      genop(s, MKOP_AsBx(OP_JMPIF, cursp(), lp->pc2 - s->pc));
+
+      loop_pop(s, val);
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case NODE_UNTIL:
+    {
+      struct loopinfo *lp = loop_push(s, LOOP_NORMAL);
+
+      lp->pc1 = genop(s, MKOP_sBx(OP_JMP, 0));
+      lp->pc2 = new_label(s);
+      codegen(s, tree->cdr, NOVAL);
+      dispatch(s, lp->pc1);
+      codegen(s, tree->car, VAL);
+      pop();
+      distcheck(s, lp->pc2 - s->pc);
+      genop(s, MKOP_AsBx(OP_JMPNOT, cursp(), lp->pc2 - s->pc));
+
+      loop_pop(s, val);
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case NODE_FOR:
+    for_body(s, tree);
+    if (val) push();
+    break;
+
+  case NODE_CASE:
+    {
+      int head = 0;
+      int pos1, pos2, pos3, tmp;
+      node *n;
+
+      pos3 = 0;
+      if (tree->car) {
+        head = cursp();
+        codegen(s, tree->car, VAL);
+      }
+      tree = tree->cdr;
+      while (tree) {
+        n = tree->car->car;
+        pos1 = pos2 = 0;
+        while (n) {
+          codegen(s, n->car, VAL);
+          if (head) {
+            genop(s, MKOP_AB(OP_MOVE, cursp(), head));
+            push_n(2); pop_n(2); /* space for one arg and a block */
+            pop();
+            if (nint(n->car->car) == NODE_SPLAT) {
+              genop(s, MKOP_ABC(OP_SEND, cursp(), new_msym(s, mrb_intern_lit(s->mrb, "__case_eqq")), 1));
+            }
+            else {
+              genop(s, MKOP_ABC(OP_SEND, cursp(), new_msym(s, mrb_intern_lit(s->mrb, "===")), 1));
+            }
+          }
+          else {
+            pop();
+          }
+          distcheck(s, pos2);
+          tmp = genop(s, MKOP_AsBx(OP_JMPIF, cursp(), pos2));
+          pos2 = tmp;
+          n = n->cdr;
+        }
+        if (tree->car->car) {
+          pos1 = genop(s, MKOP_sBx(OP_JMP, 0));
+          dispatch_linked(s, pos2);
+        }
+        codegen(s, tree->car->cdr, val);
+        if (val) pop();
+        distcheck(s, pos3);
+        tmp = genop(s, MKOP_sBx(OP_JMP, pos3));
+        pos3 = tmp;
+        if (pos1) dispatch(s, pos1);
+        tree = tree->cdr;
+      }
+      if (val) {
+        int pos = cursp();
+        genop(s, MKOP_A(OP_LOADNIL, cursp()));
+        if (pos3) dispatch_linked(s, pos3);
+        if (head) pop();
+        if (cursp() != pos) {
+          genop(s, MKOP_AB(OP_MOVE, cursp(), pos));
+        }
+        push();
+      }
+      else {
+        if (pos3) {
+          dispatch_linked(s, pos3);
+        }
+        if (head) {
+          pop();
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case NODE_SCOPE:
+    scope_body(s, tree, NOVAL);
+    break;
+
+  case NODE_FCALL:
+  case NODE_CALL:
+    gen_call(s, tree, 0, 0, val, 0);
+    break;
+  case NODE_SCALL:
+    gen_call(s, tree, 0, 0, val, 1);
+    break;
+
+  case NODE_DOT2:
+    codegen(s, tree->car, val);
+    codegen(s, tree->cdr, val);
+    if (val) {
+      pop(); pop();
+      genop(s, MKOP_ABC(OP_RANGE, cursp(), cursp(), FALSE));
+      push();
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case NODE_DOT3:
+    codegen(s, tree->car, val);
+    codegen(s, tree->cdr, val);
+    if (val) {
+      pop(); pop();
+      genop(s, MKOP_ABC(OP_RANGE, cursp(), cursp(), TRUE));
+      push();
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case NODE_COLON2:
+    {
+      int sym = new_sym(s, nsym(tree->cdr));
+
+      codegen(s, tree->car, VAL);
+      pop();
+      genop(s, MKOP_ABx(OP_GETMCNST, cursp(), sym));
+      if (val) push();
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case NODE_COLON3:
+    {
+      int sym = new_sym(s, nsym(tree));
+
+      genop(s, MKOP_A(OP_OCLASS, cursp()));
+      genop(s, MKOP_ABx(OP_GETMCNST, cursp(), sym));
+      if (val) push();
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case NODE_ARRAY:
+    {
+      int n;
+
+      n = gen_values(s, tree, val, 0);
+      if (n >= 0) {
+        if (val) {
+          pop_n(n);
+          genop(s, MKOP_ABC(OP_ARRAY, cursp(), cursp(), n));
+          push();
+        }
+      }
+      else if (val) {
+        push();
+      }
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case NODE_HASH:
+    {
+      int len = 0;
+      mrb_bool update = FALSE;
+
+      while (tree) {
+        codegen(s, tree->car->car, val);
+        codegen(s, tree->car->cdr, val);
+        len++;
+        tree = tree->cdr;
+        if (val && len == 126) {
+          pop_n(len*2);
+          genop(s, MKOP_ABC(OP_HASH, cursp(), cursp(), len));
+          if (update) {
+            pop();
+            genop(s, MKOP_ABC(OP_SEND, cursp(), new_msym(s, mrb_intern_lit(s->mrb, "__update")), 1));
+          }
+          push();
+          update = TRUE;
+          len = 0;
+        }
+      }
+      if (val) {
+        pop_n(len*2);
+        genop(s, MKOP_ABC(OP_HASH, cursp(), cursp(), len));
+        if (update) {
+          pop();
+          genop(s, MKOP_ABC(OP_SEND, cursp(), new_msym(s, mrb_intern_lit(s->mrb, "__update")), 1));
+        }
+        push();
+      }
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case NODE_SPLAT:
+    codegen(s, tree, val);
+    break;
+
+  case NODE_ASGN:
+    codegen(s, tree->cdr, VAL);
+    pop();
+    gen_assignment(s, tree->car, cursp(), val);
+    break;
+
+  case NODE_MASGN:
+    {
+      int len = 0, n = 0, post = 0;
+      node *t = tree->cdr, *p;
+      int rhs = cursp();
+
+      if (nint(t->car) == NODE_ARRAY && t->cdr && nosplat(t->cdr)) {
+        /* fixed rhs */
+        t = t->cdr;
+        while (t) {
+          codegen(s, t->car, VAL);
+          len++;
+          t = t->cdr;
+        }
+        tree = tree->car;
+        if (tree->car) {                /* pre */
+          t = tree->car;
+          n = 0;
+          while (t) {
+            if (n < len) {
+              gen_assignment(s, t->car, rhs+n, NOVAL);
+              n++;
+            }
+            else {
+              genop(s, MKOP_A(OP_LOADNIL, rhs+n));
+              gen_assignment(s, t->car, rhs+n, NOVAL);
+            }
+            t = t->cdr;
+          }
+        }
+        t = tree->cdr;
+        if (t) {
+          if (t->cdr) {         /* post count */
+            p = t->cdr->car;
+            while (p) {
+              post++;
+              p = p->cdr;
+            }
+          }
+          if (t->car) {         /* rest (len - pre - post) */
+            int rn;
+
+            if (len < post + n) {
+              rn = 0;
+            }
+            else {
+              rn = len - post - n;
+            }
+            genop(s, MKOP_ABC(OP_ARRAY, cursp(), rhs+n, rn));
+            gen_assignment(s, t->car, cursp(), NOVAL);
+            n += rn;
+          }
+          if (t->cdr && t->cdr->car) {
+            t = t->cdr->car;
+            while (n<len) {
+              gen_assignment(s, t->car, rhs+n, NOVAL);
+              t = t->cdr;
+              n++;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        pop_n(len);
+        if (val) {
+          genop(s, MKOP_ABC(OP_ARRAY, rhs, rhs, len));
+          push();
+        }
+      }
+      else {
+        /* variable rhs */
+        codegen(s, t, VAL);
+        gen_vmassignment(s, tree->car, rhs, val);
+        if (!val) {
+          pop();
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case NODE_OP_ASGN:
+    {
+      mrb_sym sym = nsym(tree->cdr->car);
+      mrb_int len;
+      const char *name = mrb_sym2name_len(s->mrb, sym, &len);
+      int idx, callargs = -1, vsp = -1;
+
+      if ((len == 2 && name[0] == '|' && name[1] == '|') &&
+          (nint(tree->car->car) == NODE_CONST ||
+           nint(tree->car->car) == NODE_CVAR)) {
+        int onerr, noexc, exc;
+        struct loopinfo *lp;
+
+        onerr = genop(s, MKOP_Bx(OP_ONERR, 0));
+        lp = loop_push(s, LOOP_BEGIN);
+        lp->pc1 = onerr;
+        exc = cursp();
+        codegen(s, tree->car, VAL);
+        lp->type = LOOP_RESCUE;
+        genop(s, MKOP_A(OP_POPERR, 1));
+        noexc = genop(s, MKOP_Bx(OP_JMP, 0));
+        dispatch(s, onerr);
+        genop(s, MKOP_ABC(OP_RESCUE, exc, 0, 0));
+        genop(s, MKOP_A(OP_LOADF, exc));
+        dispatch(s, noexc);
+        loop_pop(s, NOVAL);
+      }
+      else if (nint(tree->car->car) == NODE_CALL) {
+        node *n = tree->car->cdr;
+        int base, i, nargs = 0;
+        callargs = 0;
+
+        if (val) {
+          vsp = cursp();
+          push();
+        }
+        codegen(s, n->car, VAL);   /* receiver */
+        idx = new_msym(s, nsym(n->cdr->car));
+        base = cursp()-1;
+        if (n->cdr->cdr->car) {
+          nargs = gen_values(s, n->cdr->cdr->car->car, VAL, 1);
+          if (nargs >= 0) {
+            callargs = nargs;
+          }
+          else { /* varargs */
+            push();
+            nargs = 1;
+            callargs = CALL_MAXARGS;
+          }
+        }
+        /* copy receiver and arguments */
+        genop(s, MKOP_AB(OP_MOVE, cursp(), base));
+        for (i=0; i<nargs; i++) {
+          genop(s, MKOP_AB(OP_MOVE, cursp()+i+1, base+i+1));
+        }
+        push_n(nargs+2);pop_n(nargs+2); /* space for receiver, arguments and a block */
+        genop(s, MKOP_ABC(OP_SEND, cursp(), idx, callargs));
+        push();
+      }
+      else {
+        codegen(s, tree->car, VAL);
+      }
+      if (len == 2 &&
+          ((name[0] == '|' && name[1] == '|') ||
+           (name[0] == '&' && name[1] == '&'))) {
+        int pos;
+
+        pop();
+        if (val) {
+          if (vsp >= 0) {
+            genop(s, MKOP_AB(OP_MOVE, vsp, cursp()));
+          }
+          pos = genop(s, MKOP_AsBx(name[0]=='|'?OP_JMPIF:OP_JMPNOT, cursp(), 0));
+        }
+        else {
+          pos = genop_peep(s, MKOP_AsBx(name[0]=='|'?OP_JMPIF:OP_JMPNOT, cursp(), 0), NOVAL);
+        }
+        codegen(s, tree->cdr->cdr->car, VAL);
+        pop();
+        if (val && vsp >= 0) {
+          genop(s, MKOP_AB(OP_MOVE, vsp, cursp()));
+        }
+        if (nint(tree->car->car) == NODE_CALL) {
+          if (callargs == CALL_MAXARGS) {
+            pop();
+            genop(s, MKOP_AB(OP_ARYPUSH, cursp(), cursp()+1));
+          }
+          else {
+            pop_n(callargs);
+            callargs++;
+          }
+          pop();
+          idx = new_msym(s, attrsym(s, nsym(tree->car->cdr->cdr->car)));
+          genop(s, MKOP_ABC(OP_SEND, cursp(), idx, callargs));
+        }
+        else {
+          gen_assignment(s, tree->car, cursp(), val);
+        }
+        dispatch(s, pos);
+        goto exit;
+      }
+      codegen(s, tree->cdr->cdr->car, VAL);
+      push(); pop();
+      pop(); pop();
+
+      idx = new_msym(s, sym);
+      if (len == 1 && name[0] == '+')  {
+        genop_peep(s, MKOP_ABC(OP_ADD, cursp(), idx, 1), val);
+      }
+      else if (len == 1 && name[0] == '-')  {
+        genop_peep(s, MKOP_ABC(OP_SUB, cursp(), idx, 1), val);
+      }
+      else if (len == 1 && name[0] == '*')  {
+        genop(s, MKOP_ABC(OP_MUL, cursp(), idx, 1));
+      }
+      else if (len == 1 && name[0] == '/')  {
+        genop(s, MKOP_ABC(OP_DIV, cursp(), idx, 1));
+      }
+      else if (len == 1 && name[0] == '<')  {
+        genop(s, MKOP_ABC(OP_LT, cursp(), idx, 1));
+      }
+      else if (len == 2 && name[0] == '<' && name[1] == '=')  {
+        genop(s, MKOP_ABC(OP_LE, cursp(), idx, 1));
+      }
+      else if (len == 1 && name[0] == '>')  {
+        genop(s, MKOP_ABC(OP_GT, cursp(), idx, 1));
+      }
+      else if (len == 2 && name[0] == '>' && name[1] == '=')  {
+        genop(s, MKOP_ABC(OP_GE, cursp(), idx, 1));
+      }
+      else {
+        genop(s, MKOP_ABC(OP_SEND, cursp(), idx, 1));
+      }
+      if (callargs < 0) {
+        gen_assignment(s, tree->car, cursp(), val);
+      }
+      else {
+        if (val && vsp >= 0) {
+          genop(s, MKOP_AB(OP_MOVE, vsp, cursp()));
+        }
+        if (callargs == CALL_MAXARGS) {
+          pop();
+          genop(s, MKOP_AB(OP_ARYPUSH, cursp(), cursp()+1));
+        }
+        else {
+          pop_n(callargs);
+          callargs++;
+        }
+        pop();
+        idx = new_msym(s, attrsym(s,nsym(tree->car->cdr->cdr->car)));
+        genop(s, MKOP_ABC(OP_SEND, cursp(), idx, callargs));
+      }
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case NODE_SUPER:
+    {
+      codegen_scope *s2 = s;
+      int lv = 0;
+      int n = 0, noop = 0, sendv = 0;
+
+      push();        /* room for receiver */
+      while (!s2->mscope) {
+        lv++;
+        s2 = s2->prev;
+        if (!s2) break;
+      }
+      genop(s, MKOP_ABx(OP_ARGARY, cursp(), (lv & 0xf)));
+      push(); push();         /* ARGARY pushes two values */
+      pop(); pop();
+      if (tree) {
+        node *args = tree->car;
+        if (args) {
+          n = gen_values(s, args, VAL, 0);
+          if (n < 0) {
+            n = noop = sendv = 1;
+            push();
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      if (tree && tree->cdr) {
+        codegen(s, tree->cdr, VAL);
+        pop();
+      }
+      else {
+        genop(s, MKOP_A(OP_LOADNIL, cursp()));
+        push(); pop();
+      }
+      pop_n(n+1);
+      if (sendv) n = CALL_MAXARGS;
+      genop(s, MKOP_ABC(OP_SUPER, cursp(), 0, n));
+      if (val) push();
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case NODE_ZSUPER:
+    {
+      codegen_scope *s2 = s;
+      int lv = 0, ainfo = 0;
+
+      push();        /* room for receiver */
+      while (!s2->mscope) {
+        lv++;
+        s2 = s2->prev;
+        if (!s2) break;
+      }
+      if (s2) ainfo = s2->ainfo;
+      genop(s, MKOP_ABx(OP_ARGARY, cursp(), (ainfo<<4)|(lv & 0xf)));
+      push(); push(); pop();    /* ARGARY pushes two values */
+      if (tree && tree->cdr) {
+        codegen(s, tree->cdr, VAL);
+        pop();
+      }
+      pop(); pop();
+      genop(s, MKOP_ABC(OP_SUPER, cursp(), 0, CALL_MAXARGS));
+      if (val) push();
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case NODE_RETURN:
+    if (tree) {
+      gen_retval(s, tree);
+    }
+    else {
+      genop(s, MKOP_A(OP_LOADNIL, cursp()));
+    }
+    if (s->loop) {
+      genop(s, MKOP_AB(OP_RETURN, cursp(), OP_R_RETURN));
+    }
+    else {
+      genop_peep(s, MKOP_AB(OP_RETURN, cursp(), OP_R_NORMAL), NOVAL);
+    }
+    if (val) push();
+    break;
+
+  case NODE_YIELD:
+    {
+      codegen_scope *s2 = s;
+      int lv = 0, ainfo = 0;
+      int n = 0, sendv = 0;
+
+      while (!s2->mscope) {
+        lv++;
+        s2 = s2->prev;
+        if (!s2) break;
+      }
+      if (s2) ainfo = s2->ainfo;
+      push();
+      if (tree) {
+        n = gen_values(s, tree, VAL, 0);
+        if (n < 0) {
+          n = sendv = 1;
+          push();
+        }
+      }
+      push();pop(); /* space for a block */
+      pop_n(n+1);
+      genop(s, MKOP_ABx(OP_BLKPUSH, cursp(), (ainfo<<4)|(lv & 0xf)));
+      if (sendv) n = CALL_MAXARGS;
+      genop(s, MKOP_ABC(OP_SEND, cursp(), new_msym(s, mrb_intern_lit(s->mrb, "call")), n));
+      if (val) push();
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case NODE_BREAK:
+    loop_break(s, tree);
+    if (val) push();
+    break;
+
+  case NODE_NEXT:
+    if (!s->loop) {
+      raise_error(s, "unexpected next");
+    }
+    else if (s->loop->type == LOOP_NORMAL) {
+      if (s->ensure_level > s->loop->ensure_level) {
+        genop_peep(s, MKOP_A(OP_EPOP, s->ensure_level - s->loop->ensure_level), NOVAL);
+      }
+      codegen(s, tree, NOVAL);
+      distcheck(s, s->loop->pc1 - s->pc);
+      genop(s, MKOP_sBx(OP_JMP, s->loop->pc1 - s->pc));
+    }
+    else {
+      if (tree) {
+        codegen(s, tree, VAL);
+        pop();
+      }
+      else {
+        genop(s, MKOP_A(OP_LOADNIL, cursp()));
+      }
+      genop_peep(s, MKOP_AB(OP_RETURN, cursp(), OP_R_NORMAL), NOVAL);
+    }
+    if (val) push();
+    break;
+
+  case NODE_REDO:
+    if (!s->loop || s->loop->type == LOOP_BEGIN || s->loop->type == LOOP_RESCUE) {
+      raise_error(s, "unexpected redo");
+    }
+    else {
+      if (s->ensure_level > s->loop->ensure_level) {
+        genop_peep(s, MKOP_A(OP_EPOP, s->ensure_level - s->loop->ensure_level), NOVAL);
+      }
+      distcheck(s, s->loop->pc2 - s->pc);
+      genop(s, MKOP_sBx(OP_JMP, s->loop->pc2 - s->pc));
+    }
+    if (val) push();
+    break;
+
+  case NODE_RETRY:
+    {
+      const char *msg = "unexpected retry";
+
+      if (!s->loop) {
+        raise_error(s, msg);
+      }
+      else {
+        struct loopinfo *lp = s->loop;
+        int n = 0;
+
+        while (lp && lp->type != LOOP_RESCUE) {
+          if (lp->type == LOOP_BEGIN) {
+            n++;
+          }
+          lp = lp->prev;
+        }
+        if (!lp) {
+          raise_error(s, msg);
+        }
+        else {
+          if (n > 0) {
+            genop_peep(s, MKOP_A(OP_POPERR, n), NOVAL);
+          }
+          if (s->ensure_level > lp->ensure_level) {
+            genop_peep(s, MKOP_A(OP_EPOP, s->ensure_level - lp->ensure_level), NOVAL);
+          }
+          distcheck(s, s->loop->pc1 - s->pc);
+          genop(s, MKOP_sBx(OP_JMP, lp->pc1 - s->pc));
+        }
+      }
+      if (val) push();
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case NODE_LVAR:
+    if (val) {
+      int idx = lv_idx(s, nsym(tree));
+
+      if (idx > 0) {
+        genop_peep(s, MKOP_AB(OP_MOVE, cursp(), idx), NOVAL);
+      }
+      else {
+        int lv = 0;
+        codegen_scope *up = s->prev;
+
+        while (up) {
+          idx = lv_idx(up, nsym(tree));
+          if (idx > 0) {
+            genop_peep(s, MKOP_ABC(OP_GETUPVAR, cursp(), idx, lv), VAL);
+            break;
+          }
+          lv++;
+          up = up->prev;
+        }
+      }
+      push();
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case NODE_GVAR:
+    if (val) {
+      int sym = new_sym(s, nsym(tree));
+
+      genop(s, MKOP_ABx(OP_GETGLOBAL, cursp(), sym));
+      push();
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case NODE_IVAR:
+    if (val) {
+      int sym = new_sym(s, nsym(tree));
+
+      genop(s, MKOP_ABx(OP_GETIV, cursp(), sym));
+      push();
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case NODE_CVAR:
+    if (val) {
+      int sym = new_sym(s, nsym(tree));
+
+      genop(s, MKOP_ABx(OP_GETCV, cursp(), sym));
+      push();
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case NODE_CONST:
+    {
+      int sym = new_sym(s, nsym(tree));
+
+      genop(s, MKOP_ABx(OP_GETCONST, cursp(), sym));
+      if (val) {
+        push();
+      }
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case NODE_DEFINED:
+    codegen(s, tree, VAL);
+    break;
+
+  case NODE_BACK_REF:
+    if (val) {
+      char buf[3];
+      int sym;
+
+      buf[0] = '$';
+      buf[1] = nchar(tree);
+      buf[2] = 0;
+      sym = new_sym(s, mrb_intern_cstr(s->mrb, buf));
+      genop(s, MKOP_ABx(OP_GETGLOBAL, cursp(), sym));
+      push();
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case NODE_NTH_REF:
+    if (val) {
+      mrb_state *mrb = s->mrb;
+      mrb_value str;
+      int sym;
+
+      str = mrb_format(mrb, "$%S", mrb_fixnum_value(nint(tree)));
+      sym = new_sym(s, mrb_intern_str(mrb, str));
+      genop(s, MKOP_ABx(OP_GETGLOBAL, cursp(), sym));
+      push();
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case NODE_ARG:
+    /* should not happen */
+    break;
+
+  case NODE_BLOCK_ARG:
+    codegen(s, tree, VAL);
+    break;
+
+  case NODE_INT:
+    if (val) {
+      char *p = (char*)tree->car;
+      int base = nint(tree->cdr->car);
+      mrb_int i;
+      mrb_code co;
+      mrb_bool overflow;
+
+      i = readint_mrb_int(s, p, base, FALSE, &overflow);
+#ifndef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
+      if (overflow) {
+        double f = readint_float(s, p, base);
+        int off = new_lit(s, mrb_float_value(s->mrb, f));
+
+        genop(s, MKOP_ABx(OP_LOADL, cursp(), off));
+      }
+      else
+#endif
+      {
+        if (i < MAXARG_sBx && i > -MAXARG_sBx) {
+          co = MKOP_AsBx(OP_LOADI, cursp(), i);
+        }
+        else {
+          int off = new_lit(s, mrb_fixnum_value(i));
+          co = MKOP_ABx(OP_LOADL, cursp(), off);
+        }
+        genop(s, co);
+      }
+      push();
+    }
+    break;
+
+#ifndef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
+  case NODE_FLOAT:
+    if (val) {
+      char *p = (char*)tree;
+      mrb_float f = mrb_float_read(p, NULL);
+      int off = new_lit(s, mrb_float_value(s->mrb, f));
+
+      genop(s, MKOP_ABx(OP_LOADL, cursp(), off));
+      push();
+    }
+    break;
+#endif
+
+  case NODE_NEGATE:
+    {
+      nt = nint(tree->car);
+      tree = tree->cdr;
+      switch (nt) {
+#ifndef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
+      case NODE_FLOAT:
+        if (val) {
+          char *p = (char*)tree;
+          mrb_float f = mrb_float_read(p, NULL);
+          int off = new_lit(s, mrb_float_value(s->mrb, -f));
+
+          genop(s, MKOP_ABx(OP_LOADL, cursp(), off));
+          push();
+        }
+        break;
+#endif
+
+      case NODE_INT:
+        if (val) {
+          char *p = (char*)tree->car;
+          int base = nint(tree->cdr->car);
+          mrb_int i;
+          mrb_code co;
+          mrb_bool overflow;
+
+          i = readint_mrb_int(s, p, base, TRUE, &overflow);
+#ifndef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
+          if (overflow) {
+            double f = readint_float(s, p, base);
+            int off = new_lit(s, mrb_float_value(s->mrb, -f));
+
+            genop(s, MKOP_ABx(OP_LOADL, cursp(), off));
+          }
+          else {
+#endif
+            if (i < MAXARG_sBx && i > -MAXARG_sBx) {
+              co = MKOP_AsBx(OP_LOADI, cursp(), i);
+            }
+            else {
+              int off = new_lit(s, mrb_fixnum_value(i));
+              co = MKOP_ABx(OP_LOADL, cursp(), off);
+            }
+            genop(s, co);
+#ifndef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
+          }
+#endif
+          push();
+        }
+        break;
+
+      default:
+        if (val) {
+          int sym = new_msym(s, mrb_intern_lit(s->mrb, "-"));
+
+          genop(s, MKOP_ABx(OP_LOADI, cursp(), 0));
+          push();
+          codegen(s, tree, VAL);
+          pop(); pop();
+          genop(s, MKOP_ABC(OP_SUB, cursp(), sym, 2));
+        }
+        else {
+          codegen(s, tree, NOVAL);
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case NODE_STR:
+    if (val) {
+      char *p = (char*)tree->car;
+      size_t len = (intptr_t)tree->cdr;
+      int ai = mrb_gc_arena_save(s->mrb);
+      int off = new_lit(s, mrb_str_new(s->mrb, p, len));
+
+      mrb_gc_arena_restore(s->mrb, ai);
+      genop(s, MKOP_ABx(OP_STRING, cursp(), off));
+      push();
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case NODE_HEREDOC:
+    tree = ((struct mrb_parser_heredoc_info *)tree)->doc;
+    /* fall through */
+  case NODE_DSTR:
+    if (val) {
+      node *n = tree;
+
+      if (!n) {
+        genop(s, MKOP_A(OP_LOADNIL, cursp()));
+        push();
+        break;
+      }
+      codegen(s, n->car, VAL);
+      n = n->cdr;
+      while (n) {
+        codegen(s, n->car, VAL);
+        pop(); pop();
+        genop_peep(s, MKOP_AB(OP_STRCAT, cursp(), cursp()+1), VAL);
+        push();
+        n = n->cdr;
+      }
+    }
+    else {
+      node *n = tree;
+
+      while (n) {
+        if (nint(n->car->car) != NODE_STR) {
+          codegen(s, n->car, NOVAL);
+        }
+        n = n->cdr;
+      }
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case NODE_WORDS:
+    gen_literal_array(s, tree, FALSE, val);
+    break;
+
+  case NODE_SYMBOLS:
+    gen_literal_array(s, tree, TRUE, val);
+    break;
+
+  case NODE_DXSTR:
+    {
+      node *n;
+      int ai = mrb_gc_arena_save(s->mrb);
+      int sym = new_sym(s, mrb_intern_lit(s->mrb, "Kernel"));
+
+      genop(s, MKOP_A(OP_LOADSELF, cursp()));
+      push();
+      codegen(s, tree->car, VAL);
+      n = tree->cdr;
+      while (n) {
+        if (nint(n->car->car) == NODE_XSTR) {
+          n->car->car = (struct mrb_ast_node*)(intptr_t)NODE_STR;
+          mrb_assert(!n->cdr); /* must be the end */
+        }
+        codegen(s, n->car, VAL);
+        pop(); pop();
+        genop_peep(s, MKOP_AB(OP_STRCAT, cursp(), cursp()+1), VAL);
+        push();
+        n = n->cdr;
+      }
+      push();                   /* for block */
+      pop_n(3);
+      sym = new_sym(s, mrb_intern_lit(s->mrb, "`"));
+      genop(s, MKOP_ABC(OP_SEND, cursp(), sym, 1));
+      if (val) push();
+      mrb_gc_arena_restore(s->mrb, ai);
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case NODE_XSTR:
+    {
+      char *p = (char*)tree->car;
+      size_t len = (intptr_t)tree->cdr;
+      int ai = mrb_gc_arena_save(s->mrb);
+      int off = new_lit(s, mrb_str_new(s->mrb, p, len));
+      int sym;
+
+      genop(s, MKOP_A(OP_LOADSELF, cursp()));
+      push();
+      genop(s, MKOP_ABx(OP_STRING, cursp(), off));
+      push(); push();
+      pop_n(3);
+      sym = new_sym(s, mrb_intern_lit(s->mrb, "`"));
+      genop(s, MKOP_ABC(OP_SEND, cursp(), sym, 1));
+      if (val) push();
+      mrb_gc_arena_restore(s->mrb, ai);
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case NODE_REGX:
+    if (val) {
+      char *p1 = (char*)tree->car;
+      char *p2 = (char*)tree->cdr->car;
+      char *p3 = (char*)tree->cdr->cdr;
+      int ai = mrb_gc_arena_save(s->mrb);
+      int sym = new_sym(s, mrb_intern_lit(s->mrb, REGEXP_CLASS));
+      int off = new_lit(s, mrb_str_new_cstr(s->mrb, p1));
+      int argc = 1;
+
+      genop(s, MKOP_A(OP_OCLASS, cursp()));
+      genop(s, MKOP_ABx(OP_GETMCNST, cursp(), sym));
+      push();
+      genop(s, MKOP_ABx(OP_STRING, cursp(), off));
+      push();
+      if (p2 || p3) {
+        if (p2) { /* opt */
+          off = new_lit(s, mrb_str_new_cstr(s->mrb, p2));
+          genop(s, MKOP_ABx(OP_STRING, cursp(), off));
+        }
+        else {
+          genop(s, MKOP_A(OP_LOADNIL, cursp()));
+        }
+        push();
+        argc++;
+        if (p3) { /* enc */
+          off = new_lit(s, mrb_str_new(s->mrb, p3, 1));
+          genop(s, MKOP_ABx(OP_STRING, cursp(), off));
+          push();
+          argc++;
+        }
+      }
+      push(); /* space for a block */
+      pop_n(argc+2);
+      sym = new_sym(s, mrb_intern_lit(s->mrb, "compile"));
+      genop(s, MKOP_ABC(OP_SEND, cursp(), sym, argc));
+      mrb_gc_arena_restore(s->mrb, ai);
+      push();
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case NODE_DREGX:
+    if (val) {
+      node *n = tree->car;
+      int ai = mrb_gc_arena_save(s->mrb);
+      int sym = new_sym(s, mrb_intern_lit(s->mrb, REGEXP_CLASS));
+      int argc = 1;
+      int off;
+      char *p;
+
+      genop(s, MKOP_A(OP_OCLASS, cursp()));
+      genop(s, MKOP_ABx(OP_GETMCNST, cursp(), sym));
+      push();
+      codegen(s, n->car, VAL);
+      n = n->cdr;
+      while (n) {
+        codegen(s, n->car, VAL);
+        pop(); pop();
+        genop_peep(s, MKOP_AB(OP_STRCAT, cursp(), cursp()+1), VAL);
+        push();
+        n = n->cdr;
+      }
+      n = tree->cdr->cdr;
+      if (n->car) { /* tail */
+        p = (char*)n->car;
+        off = new_lit(s, mrb_str_new_cstr(s->mrb, p));
+        codegen(s, tree->car, VAL);
+        genop(s, MKOP_ABx(OP_STRING, cursp(), off));
+        pop();
+        genop_peep(s, MKOP_AB(OP_STRCAT, cursp(), cursp()+1), VAL);
+        push();
+      }
+      if (n->cdr->car) { /* opt */
+        char *p2 = (char*)n->cdr->car;
+        off = new_lit(s, mrb_str_new_cstr(s->mrb, p2));
+        genop(s, MKOP_ABx(OP_STRING, cursp(), off));
+        push();
+        argc++;
+      }
+      if (n->cdr->cdr) { /* enc */
+        char *p2 = (char*)n->cdr->cdr;
+        off = new_lit(s, mrb_str_new_cstr(s->mrb, p2));
+        genop(s, MKOP_ABx(OP_STRING, cursp(), off));
+        push();
+        argc++;
+      }
+      push(); /* space for a block */
+      pop_n(argc+2);
+      sym = new_sym(s, mrb_intern_lit(s->mrb, "compile"));
+      genop(s, MKOP_ABC(OP_SEND, cursp(), sym, argc));
+      mrb_gc_arena_restore(s->mrb, ai);
+      push();
+    }
+    else {
+      node *n = tree->car;
+
+      while (n) {
+        if (nint(n->car->car) != NODE_STR) {
+          codegen(s, n->car, NOVAL);
+        }
+        n = n->cdr;
+      }
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case NODE_SYM:
+    if (val) {
+      int sym = new_sym(s, nsym(tree));
+
+      genop(s, MKOP_ABx(OP_LOADSYM, cursp(), sym));
+      push();
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case NODE_DSYM:
+    codegen(s, tree, val);
+    if (val) {
+      gen_send_intern(s);
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case NODE_SELF:
+    if (val) {
+      genop(s, MKOP_A(OP_LOADSELF, cursp()));
+      push();
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case NODE_NIL:
+    if (val) {
+      genop(s, MKOP_A(OP_LOADNIL, cursp()));
+      push();
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case NODE_TRUE:
+    if (val) {
+      genop(s, MKOP_A(OP_LOADT, cursp()));
+      push();
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case NODE_FALSE:
+    if (val) {
+      genop(s, MKOP_A(OP_LOADF, cursp()));
+      push();
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case NODE_ALIAS:
+    {
+      int a = new_msym(s, nsym(tree->car));
+      int b = new_msym(s, nsym(tree->cdr));
+      int c = new_msym(s, mrb_intern_lit(s->mrb, "alias_method"));
+
+      genop(s, MKOP_A(OP_TCLASS, cursp()));
+      push();
+      genop(s, MKOP_ABx(OP_LOADSYM, cursp(), a));
+      push();
+      genop(s, MKOP_ABx(OP_LOADSYM, cursp(), b));
+      push();
+      genop(s, MKOP_A(OP_LOADNIL, cursp()));
+      push(); /* space for a block */
+      pop_n(4);
+      genop(s, MKOP_ABC(OP_SEND, cursp(), c, 2));
+      if (val) {
+        push();
+      }
+    }
+   break;
+
+  case NODE_UNDEF:
+    {
+      int undef = new_msym(s, mrb_intern_lit(s->mrb, "undef_method"));
+      int num = 0;
+      node *t = tree;
+
+      genop(s, MKOP_A(OP_TCLASS, cursp()));
+      push();
+      while (t) {
+        int symbol;
+        if (num >= CALL_MAXARGS - 1) {
+          pop_n(num);
+          genop(s, MKOP_ABC(OP_ARRAY, cursp(), cursp(), num));
+          while (t) {
+            symbol = new_msym(s, nsym(t->car));
+            push();
+            genop(s, MKOP_ABx(OP_LOADSYM, cursp(), symbol));
+            pop();
+            genop(s, MKOP_AB(OP_ARYPUSH, cursp(), cursp()+1));
+            t = t->cdr;
+          }
+          num = CALL_MAXARGS;
+          break;
+        }
+        symbol = new_msym(s, nsym(t->car));
+        genop(s, MKOP_ABx(OP_LOADSYM, cursp(), symbol));
+        push();
+        t = t->cdr;
+        num++;
+      }
+      push();pop(); /* space for a block */
+      pop();
+      if (num < CALL_MAXARGS) {
+        pop_n(num);
+      }
+      genop(s, MKOP_ABC(OP_SEND, cursp(), undef, num));
+      if (val) {
+        push();
+      }
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case NODE_CLASS:
+    {
+      int idx;
+
+      if (tree->car->car == (node*)0) {
+        genop(s, MKOP_A(OP_LOADNIL, cursp()));
+        push();
+      }
+      else if (tree->car->car == (node*)1) {
+        genop(s, MKOP_A(OP_OCLASS, cursp()));
+        push();
+      }
+      else {
+        codegen(s, tree->car->car, VAL);
+      }
+      if (tree->cdr->car) {
+        codegen(s, tree->cdr->car, VAL);
+      }
+      else {
+        genop(s, MKOP_A(OP_LOADNIL, cursp()));
+        push();
+      }
+      pop(); pop();
+      idx = new_msym(s, nsym(tree->car->cdr));
+      genop(s, MKOP_AB(OP_CLASS, cursp(), idx));
+      idx = scope_body(s, tree->cdr->cdr->car, val);
+      genop(s, MKOP_ABx(OP_EXEC, cursp(), idx));
+      if (val) {
+        push();
+      }
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case NODE_MODULE:
+    {
+      int idx;
+
+      if (tree->car->car == (node*)0) {
+        genop(s, MKOP_A(OP_LOADNIL, cursp()));
+        push();
+      }
+      else if (tree->car->car == (node*)1) {
+        genop(s, MKOP_A(OP_OCLASS, cursp()));
+        push();
+      }
+      else {
+        codegen(s, tree->car->car, VAL);
+      }
+      pop();
+      idx = new_msym(s, nsym(tree->car->cdr));
+      genop(s, MKOP_AB(OP_MODULE, cursp(), idx));
+      idx = scope_body(s, tree->cdr->car, val);
+      genop(s, MKOP_ABx(OP_EXEC, cursp(), idx));
+      if (val) {
+        push();
+      }
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case NODE_SCLASS:
+    {
+      int idx;
+
+      codegen(s, tree->car, VAL);
+      pop();
+      genop(s, MKOP_AB(OP_SCLASS, cursp(), cursp()));
+      idx = scope_body(s, tree->cdr->car, val);
+      genop(s, MKOP_ABx(OP_EXEC, cursp(), idx));
+      if (val) {
+        push();
+      }
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case NODE_DEF:
+    {
+      int sym = new_msym(s, nsym(tree->car));
+      int idx = lambda_body(s, tree->cdr, 0);
+
+      genop(s, MKOP_A(OP_TCLASS, cursp()));
+      push();
+      genop(s, MKOP_Abc(OP_LAMBDA, cursp(), idx, OP_L_METHOD));
+      push(); pop();
+      pop();
+      genop(s, MKOP_AB(OP_METHOD, cursp(), sym));
+      if (val) {
+        genop(s, MKOP_ABx(OP_LOADSYM, cursp(), sym));
+        push();
+      }
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case NODE_SDEF:
+    {
+      node *recv = tree->car;
+      int sym = new_msym(s, nsym(tree->cdr->car));
+      int idx = lambda_body(s, tree->cdr->cdr, 0);
+
+      codegen(s, recv, VAL);
+      pop();
+      genop(s, MKOP_AB(OP_SCLASS, cursp(), cursp()));
+      push();
+      genop(s, MKOP_Abc(OP_LAMBDA, cursp(), idx, OP_L_METHOD));
+      pop();
+      genop(s, MKOP_AB(OP_METHOD, cursp(), sym));
+      if (val) {
+        genop(s, MKOP_ABx(OP_LOADSYM, cursp(), sym));
+        push();
+      }
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case NODE_POSTEXE:
+    codegen(s, tree, NOVAL);
+    break;
+
+  default:
+    break;
+  }
+ exit:
+  s->rlev = rlev;
+}
+
+static void
+scope_add_irep(codegen_scope *s, mrb_irep *irep)
+{
+  if (s->irep == NULL) {
+    s->irep = irep;
+    return;
+  }
+  if (s->irep->rlen == s->rcapa) {
+    s->rcapa *= 2;
+    s->irep->reps = (mrb_irep**)codegen_realloc(s, s->irep->reps, sizeof(mrb_irep*)*s->rcapa);
+  }
+  s->irep->reps[s->irep->rlen] = irep;
+  s->irep->rlen++;
+}
+
+static codegen_scope*
+scope_new(mrb_state *mrb, codegen_scope *prev, node *lv)
+{
+  static const codegen_scope codegen_scope_zero = { 0 };
+  mrb_pool *pool = mrb_pool_open(mrb);
+  codegen_scope *p = (codegen_scope *)mrb_pool_alloc(pool, sizeof(codegen_scope));
+
+  if (!p) return NULL;
+  *p = codegen_scope_zero;
+  p->mrb = mrb;
+  p->mpool = pool;
+  if (!prev) return p;
+  p->prev = prev;
+  p->ainfo = -1;
+  p->mscope = 0;
+
+  p->irep = mrb_add_irep(mrb);
+  scope_add_irep(prev, p->irep);
+
+  p->rcapa = 8;
+  p->irep->reps = (mrb_irep**)mrb_malloc(mrb, sizeof(mrb_irep*)*p->rcapa);
+
+  p->icapa = 1024;
+  p->iseq = (mrb_code*)mrb_malloc(mrb, sizeof(mrb_code)*p->icapa);
+  p->irep->iseq = NULL;
+
+  p->pcapa = 32;
+  p->irep->pool = (mrb_value*)mrb_malloc(mrb, sizeof(mrb_value)*p->pcapa);
+  p->irep->plen = 0;
+
+  p->scapa = MAXMSYMLEN;
+  p->irep->syms = (mrb_sym*)mrb_malloc(mrb, sizeof(mrb_sym)*p->scapa);
+  p->irep->slen = 0;
+
+  p->lv = lv;
+  p->sp += node_len(lv)+1;        /* add self */
+  p->nlocals = p->sp;
+  if (lv) {
+    node *n = lv;
+    size_t i = 0;
+
+    p->irep->lv = (struct mrb_locals*)mrb_malloc(mrb, sizeof(struct mrb_locals) * (p->nlocals - 1));
+    for (i=0, n=lv; n; i++,n=n->cdr) {
+      p->irep->lv[i].name = lv_name(n);
+      if (lv_name(n)) {
+        p->irep->lv[i].r = lv_idx(p, lv_name(n));
+      }
+      else {
+        p->irep->lv[i].r = 0;
+      }
+    }
+    mrb_assert(i + 1 == p->nlocals);
+  }
+  p->ai = mrb_gc_arena_save(mrb);
+
+  p->filename = prev->filename;
+  if (p->filename) {
+    p->lines = (uint16_t*)mrb_malloc(mrb, sizeof(short)*p->icapa);
+  }
+  p->lineno = prev->lineno;
+
+  /* debug setting */
+  p->debug_start_pos = 0;
+  if (p->filename) {
+    mrb_debug_info_alloc(mrb, p->irep);
+    p->irep->filename = p->filename;
+    p->irep->lines = p->lines;
+  }
+  else {
+    p->irep->debug_info = NULL;
+  }
+  p->parser = prev->parser;
+  p->filename_index = prev->filename_index;
+
+  p->rlev = prev->rlev+1;
+
+  return p;
+}
+
+static void
+scope_finish(codegen_scope *s)
+{
+  mrb_state *mrb = s->mrb;
+  mrb_irep *irep = s->irep;
+  size_t fname_len;
+  char *fname;
+
+  irep->flags = 0;
+  if (s->iseq) {
+    irep->iseq = (mrb_code *)codegen_realloc(s, s->iseq, sizeof(mrb_code)*s->pc);
+    irep->ilen = s->pc;
+    if (s->lines) {
+      irep->lines = (uint16_t *)codegen_realloc(s, s->lines, sizeof(uint16_t)*s->pc);
+    }
+    else {
+      irep->lines = 0;
+    }
+  }
+  irep->pool = (mrb_value*)codegen_realloc(s, irep->pool, sizeof(mrb_value)*irep->plen);
+  irep->syms = (mrb_sym*)codegen_realloc(s, irep->syms, sizeof(mrb_sym)*irep->slen);
+  irep->reps = (mrb_irep**)codegen_realloc(s, irep->reps, sizeof(mrb_irep*)*irep->rlen);
+  if (s->filename) {
+    irep->filename = mrb_parser_get_filename(s->parser, s->filename_index);
+    mrb_debug_info_append_file(mrb, irep, s->debug_start_pos, s->pc);
+
+    fname_len = strlen(s->filename);
+    fname = (char*)codegen_malloc(s, fname_len + 1);
+    memcpy(fname, s->filename, fname_len);
+    fname[fname_len] = '\0';
+    irep->filename = fname;
+    irep->own_filename = TRUE;
+  }
+
+  irep->nlocals = s->nlocals;
+  irep->nregs = s->nregs;
+
+  mrb_gc_arena_restore(mrb, s->ai);
+  mrb_pool_close(s->mpool);
+}
+
+static struct loopinfo*
+loop_push(codegen_scope *s, enum looptype t)
+{
+  struct loopinfo *p = (struct loopinfo *)codegen_palloc(s, sizeof(struct loopinfo));
+
+  p->type = t;
+  p->pc1 = p->pc2 = p->pc3 = 0;
+  p->prev = s->loop;
+  p->ensure_level = s->ensure_level;
+  p->acc = cursp();
+  s->loop = p;
+
+  return p;
+}
+
+static void
+loop_break(codegen_scope *s, node *tree)
+{
+  if (!s->loop) {
+    codegen(s, tree, NOVAL);
+    raise_error(s, "unexpected break");
+  }
+  else {
+    struct loopinfo *loop;
+    int n = 0;
+
+    if (tree) {
+      gen_retval(s, tree);
+    }
+
+    loop = s->loop;
+    while (loop) {
+      if (loop->type == LOOP_BEGIN) {
+        n++;
+        loop = loop->prev;
+      }
+      else if (loop->type == LOOP_RESCUE) {
+        loop = loop->prev;
+      }
+      else{
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    if (!loop) {
+      raise_error(s, "unexpected break");
+      return;
+    }
+    if (n > 0) {
+      genop_peep(s, MKOP_A(OP_POPERR, n), NOVAL);
+    }
+
+    if (loop->type == LOOP_NORMAL) {
+      int tmp;
+
+      if (s->ensure_level > s->loop->ensure_level) {
+        genop_peep(s, MKOP_A(OP_EPOP, s->ensure_level - s->loop->ensure_level), NOVAL);
+      }
+      if (tree) {
+        genop_peep(s, MKOP_AB(OP_MOVE, loop->acc, cursp()), NOVAL);
+      }
+      distcheck(s, s->loop->pc3);
+      tmp = genop(s, MKOP_sBx(OP_JMP, loop->pc3));
+      loop->pc3 = tmp;
+    }
+    else {
+      if (!tree) {
+        genop(s, MKOP_A(OP_LOADNIL, cursp()));
+      }
+      genop(s, MKOP_AB(OP_RETURN, cursp(), OP_R_BREAK));
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static void
+loop_pop(codegen_scope *s, int val)
+{
+  if (val) {
+    genop(s, MKOP_A(OP_LOADNIL, cursp()));
+  }
+  dispatch_linked(s, s->loop->pc3);
+  s->loop = s->loop->prev;
+  if (val) push();
+}
+
+MRB_API struct RProc*
+mrb_generate_code(mrb_state *mrb, parser_state *p)
+{
+  codegen_scope *scope = scope_new(mrb, 0, 0);
+  struct RProc *proc;
+  struct mrb_jmpbuf *prev_jmp = mrb->jmp;
+
+  if (!scope) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  scope->mrb = mrb;
+  scope->parser = p;
+  scope->filename = p->filename;
+  scope->filename_index = p->current_filename_index;
+
+  MRB_TRY(&scope->jmp) {
+    mrb->jmp = &scope->jmp; 
+    /* prepare irep */
+    codegen(scope, p->tree, NOVAL);
+    proc = mrb_proc_new(mrb, scope->irep);
+    mrb_irep_decref(mrb, scope->irep);
+    mrb_pool_close(scope->mpool);
+    proc->c = NULL;
+    if (mrb->c->cibase && mrb->c->cibase->proc == proc->upper) {
+      proc->upper = NULL;
+    }
+    mrb->jmp = prev_jmp;
+    return proc;
+  }
+  MRB_CATCH(&scope->jmp) {
+    mrb_irep_decref(mrb, scope->irep);
+    mrb_pool_close(scope->mpool);
+    mrb->jmp = prev_jmp;
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  MRB_END_EXC(&scope->jmp);
+}