esruby 0.0.0

data/resources/mruby/mrbgems/mruby-socket/test/addrinfo.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+assert('Addrinfo') do
+  assert_equal(Class, Addrinfo.class)
+end
+
+assert('super class of Addrinfo') do
+  assert_equal(Object, Addrinfo.superclass)
+end
+
+assert('Addrinfo.getaddrinfo') do
+  ary = Addrinfo.getaddrinfo("localhost", "domain", Socket::AF_INET, Socket::SOCK_STREAM)
+  assert_true(ary.size >= 1)
+  ai = ary[0]
+  assert_equal(ai.afamily, Socket::AF_INET)
+  assert_equal(ai.pfamily, Socket::PF_INET)
+  assert_equal(ai.socktype, Socket::SOCK_STREAM)
+  assert_equal(ai.ip_address, '127.0.0.1')
+  assert_equal(ai.ip_port, 53)
+end
+
+assert('Addrinfo.foreach') do
+  # assume Addrinfo.getaddrinfo works well
+  a = Addrinfo.getaddrinfo("localhost", "domain")
+  b = []
+  Addrinfo.foreach("localhost", "domain") { |ai| b << ai }
+  assert_equal(a.size, b.size)
+end
+
+assert('Addrinfo.ip') do
+  ai = Addrinfo.ip('127.0.0.1')
+  assert_equal('127.0.0.1', ai.ip_address)
+  assert_equal(Socket::AF_INET, ai.afamily)
+  assert_equal(0, ai.ip_port)
+  assert_equal(0, ai.socktype)
+  assert_equal(0, ai.protocol)
+end
+
+assert('Addrinfo.tcp') do
+  ai = Addrinfo.tcp('127.0.0.1', 'smtp')
+  assert_equal('127.0.0.1', ai.ip_address)
+  assert_equal(Socket::AF_INET, ai.afamily)
+  assert_equal(25, ai.ip_port)
+  assert_equal(Socket::SOCK_STREAM, ai.socktype)
+  assert_equal(Socket::IPPROTO_TCP, ai.protocol)
+end
+
+assert('Addrinfo.udp') do
+  ai = Addrinfo.udp('127.0.0.1', 'domain')
+  assert_equal('127.0.0.1', ai.ip_address)
+  assert_equal(Socket::AF_INET, ai.afamily)
+  assert_equal(53, ai.ip_port)
+  assert_equal(Socket::SOCK_DGRAM, ai.socktype)
+  assert_equal(Socket::IPPROTO_UDP, ai.protocol)
+end
+
+assert('Addrinfo.unix') do
+  skip "unix is not supported on Windows" if SocketTest.win?
+  a1 = Addrinfo.unix('/tmp/sock')
+  assert_true(a1.unix?)
+  assert_equal('/tmp/sock', a1.unix_path)
+  assert_equal(Socket::SOCK_STREAM, a1.socktype)
+  a2 = Addrinfo.unix('/tmp/sock', Socket::SOCK_DGRAM)
+  assert_equal(Socket::SOCK_DGRAM, a2.socktype)
+end
+
+assert('Addrinfo#afamily') do
+  skip "afamily is not supported on Windows" if SocketTest.win?
+  ai4 = Addrinfo.new(Socket.sockaddr_in(1, '127.0.0.1'))
+  ai6 = Addrinfo.new(Socket.sockaddr_in(1, '::1'))
+  aiu = Addrinfo.new(Socket.sockaddr_un('/tmp/sock'))
+  assert_equal(Socket::AF_INET, ai4.afamily)
+  assert_equal(Socket::AF_INET6, ai6.afamily)
+  assert_equal(Socket::AF_UNIX, aiu.afamily)
+end
+
+# assert('Addrinfo#canonname') do
+
+# #getnameinfo
+# assert('Addrinfo#inspect') do
+# assert('Addrinfo#inspect_socket') do
+# assert('Addrinfo#ip?') do
+# assert('Addrinfo#ip_address') do
+# assert('Addrinfo#ip_port') do
+# assert('Addrinfo#ip_unpack') do
+# assert('Addrinfo#ipv4?') do
+# assert('Addrinfo#ipv6?') do
+# assert('Addrinfo#pfamily') do
+# assert('Addrinfo#protocol') do
+# assert('Addrinfo#socktype') do
+# assert('Addrinfo#to_sockaddr') do
+# assert('Addrinfo#unix?') do
+# #unix_path

data/resources/mruby/mrbgems/mruby-socket/test/basicsocket.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+assert('BasicSocket') do
+  assert_equal(Class, BasicSocket.class)
+end
+
+assert('super class of BasicSocket') do
+  assert_equal(IO, BasicSocket.superclass)
+end
+
+assert('BasicSocket.do_not_reverse_lookup') do
+  assert_equal(BasicSocket.do_not_reverse_lookup, true)
+end
+
+assert('BasicSocket.do_not_reverse_lookup=') do
+  BasicSocket.do_not_reverse_lookup = false
+  assert_equal(BasicSocket.do_not_reverse_lookup, false)
+  BasicSocket.do_not_reverse_lookup = true
+end

data/resources/mruby/mrbgems/mruby-socket/test/ipsocket.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+unless SocketTest.win?
+
+# Note: most of tests below will fail if UDPSocket is broken.
+
+assert('IPSocket.getaddress') do
+  l = IPSocket.getaddress("localhost")
+  assert_true (l == "127.0.0.1" or l == "::1")
+end
+
+assert('IPSocket.addr') do
+  localhost = "127.0.0.1"
+  s = UDPSocket.new
+  s.bind(localhost, 0)
+  port = Addrinfo.new(s.getsockname).ip_port
+
+  a = s.addr
+  assert_equal "AF_INET", a[0]
+  assert_equal port,      a[1]
+  assert_equal localhost, a[2]
+  assert_equal localhost, a[3]
+  s.close
+  true
+end
+
+assert('IPSocket.peeraddr') do
+  localhost = "127.0.0.1"
+  server = UDPSocket.new
+  server.bind(localhost, 0)
+  port = server.local_address.ip_port
+
+  client = UDPSocket.new
+  client.connect(localhost, port)
+
+  a = client.peeraddr
+  assert_equal "AF_INET", a[0]
+  assert_equal port,      a[1]
+  assert_equal localhost, a[2]
+  assert_equal localhost, a[3]
+  client.close
+  server.close
+  true
+end
+
+end # win?

data/resources/mruby/mrbgems/mruby-socket/test/socket.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+unless SocketTest.win?
+
+assert('Socket.gethostname') do
+  assert_true(Socket.gethostname.is_a? String)
+end
+
+assert('Socket::getaddrinfo') do
+  ret = Socket.getaddrinfo("localhost", "domain", Socket::AF_INET, Socket::SOCK_DGRAM)
+  assert_true ret.size >= 1
+  a = ret[0]
+  assert_equal "AF_INET",           a[0]
+  assert_equal 53,                  a[1]
+  # documents says it's a hostname but CRuby returns an address
+  #assert_equal "127.0.0.1",         a[2]
+  assert_equal "127.0.0.1",         a[3]
+  assert_equal Socket::AF_INET,     a[4]
+  assert_equal Socket::SOCK_DGRAM,  a[5]
+  assert_equal Socket::IPPROTO_UDP, a[6] unless SocketTest.cygwin?
+end
+
+assert('Socket#recvfrom') do
+  begin
+    sstr = "abcdefg"
+    s = Socket.new(Socket::AF_INET, Socket::SOCK_DGRAM, 0)
+    c = Socket.new(Socket::AF_INET, Socket::SOCK_DGRAM, 0)
+    s.bind(Socket.sockaddr_in(0, "127.0.0.1"))
+    c.send sstr, 0, s.getsockname
+    rstr, ai = s.recvfrom sstr.size
+
+    assert_equal sstr, rstr
+    assert_true "127.0.0.1", ai.ip_address
+  ensure
+    s.close rescue nil
+    c.close rescue nil
+  end
+end
+
+end   # win?

data/resources/mruby/mrbgems/mruby-socket/test/sockettest.c

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#include "mruby.h"
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+  #define tempnam _tempnam
+#endif
+
+mrb_value
+mrb_sockettest_tmppath(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value klass)
+{
+  char *tmp = tempnam(NULL, "mruby-socket");
+  mrb_value str = mrb_str_new_cstr(mrb, tmp);
+  free(tmp);
+  return str;
+}
+
+mrb_value
+mrb_sockettest_win_p(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value klass)
+{
+#ifdef _WIN32
+  return mrb_true_value();
+#else
+  return mrb_false_value();
+#endif
+}
+
+mrb_value
+mrb_sockettest_cygwin_p(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value klass)
+{
+#if defined(__CYGWIN__) || defined(__CYGWIN32__)
+  return mrb_true_value();
+#else
+  return mrb_false_value();
+#endif
+}
+
+void
+mrb_mruby_socket_gem_test(mrb_state* mrb)
+{
+  struct RClass *c = mrb_define_module(mrb, "SocketTest");
+  mrb_define_class_method(mrb, c, "tmppath", mrb_sockettest_tmppath, MRB_ARGS_NONE());
+  mrb_define_class_method(mrb, c, "win?", mrb_sockettest_win_p, MRB_ARGS_NONE());
+  mrb_define_class_method(mrb, c, "cygwin?", mrb_sockettest_cygwin_p, MRB_ARGS_NONE());
+}

data/resources/mruby/mrbgems/mruby-socket/test/tcpsocket.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#assert('TCPSocket.gethostbyname') do
+#assert('TCPSocket.new') do
+#assert('TCPSocket#close') do
+#assert('TCPSocket#write') do

data/resources/mruby/mrbgems/mruby-socket/test/udpsocket.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+assert('UDPSocket.new') do
+  s = UDPSocket.new
+  assert_true(s.is_a? UDPSocket)
+  s.close
+  s = UDPSocket.new(Socket::AF_INET6)
+  assert_true(s.is_a? UDPSocket)
+  s.close
+  true
+end
+
+#assert('UDPSocket#connect') do
+#assert('UDPSocket#send') do
+#assert('UDPSocket#recv') do
+
+#assert('UDPSocket#bind') do
+#assert('UDPSocket#recvfrom_nonblock') do

data/resources/mruby/mrbgems/mruby-socket/test/unix.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+unless SocketTest.win? || SocketTest.cygwin?
+
+def unixserver_test_block
+  path = SocketTest.tmppath
+  File.unlink path rescue nil
+  begin
+    result = yield path
+  ensure
+    File.unlink path rescue nil
+  end
+  result
+end
+
+def with_unix_server
+  unixserver_test_block do |path|
+    UNIXServer.open(path) { |server|
+      yield path, server
+    }
+  end
+end
+
+def with_unix_client
+  with_unix_server do |path, server|
+    UNIXSocket.open(path) do |csock|
+      ssock = server.accept
+      begin
+        yield path, server, ssock, csock
+      ensure
+        ssock.close unless ssock.closed? rescue nil
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+assert('UNIXServer.new') do
+  unixserver_test_block do |path|
+    server = UNIXServer.new(path)
+    assert_true server.is_a? UNIXServer
+    server.close
+    File.unlink path
+
+    s2 = nil
+    result = UNIXServer.open(path) { |s1|
+      assert_true s1.is_a? UNIXServer
+      s2 = s1
+      1234
+    }
+    assert_equal 1234, result
+    assert_true s2.is_a? UNIXServer
+    assert_true s2.closed?
+  end
+end
+
+# assert('UNIXServer#accept_nonblock') - would block if fails
+
+assert('UNIXServer#addr') do
+  with_unix_server do |path, server|
+    assert_equal [ "AF_UNIX", path], server.addr
+  end
+end
+
+assert('UNIXServer#path') do
+  with_unix_server do |path, server|
+    assert_equal path, server.path
+  end
+end
+
+# assert('UNIXServer#peeraddr') - will raise a runtime exception
+
+assert('UNIXServer#listen') do
+  with_unix_server do |path, server|
+    assert_equal 0, server.listen(1)
+  end
+end
+
+assert('UNIXServer#sysaccept') do
+  with_unix_server do |path, server|
+    UNIXSocket.open(path) do |csock|
+      begin
+        fd = server.sysaccept
+        assert_true fd.kind_of? Integer
+      ensure
+        IO._sysclose(fd) rescue nil
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+assert('UNIXSocket.new') do
+  with_unix_server do |path, server|
+    c = UNIXSocket.new(path)
+    assert_true c.is_a? UNIXSocket
+    c.close
+    true
+  end
+end
+
+assert('UNIXSocket#addr') do
+  with_unix_client do |path, server, ssock, csock|
+    assert_equal [ "AF_UNIX", path ], ssock.addr
+    assert_equal [ "AF_UNIX", "" ],   csock.addr
+  end
+end
+
+assert('UNIXSocket#path') do
+  with_unix_client do |path, server, ssock, csock|
+    assert_equal path, ssock.path
+    assert_equal "",   csock.path
+  end
+end
+
+assert('UNIXSocket#peeraddr') do
+  with_unix_client do |path, server, ssock, csock|
+    assert_equal [ "AF_UNIX", ""   ], ssock.peeraddr
+    assert_equal [ "AF_UNIX", path ], csock.peeraddr
+  end
+end
+
+assert('UNIXSocket#recvfrom') do
+  with_unix_client do |path, server, ssock, csock|
+    str = "0123456789"
+    ssock.send str, 0
+    a = csock.recvfrom(8)
+    assert_equal str[0, 8], a[0]
+    assert_equal "AF_UNIX", a[1][0]
+    # a[1][1] would be "" or something
+  end
+end
+
+end # SocketTest.win?

data/resources/mruby/mrbgems/mruby-sprintf/mrbgem.rake

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+MRuby::Gem::Specification.new('mruby-sprintf') do |spec|
+  spec.license = 'MIT'
+  spec.author  = 'mruby developers'
+  spec.summary = 'standard Kernel#sprintf method'
+end

data/resources/mruby/mrbgems/mruby-sprintf/mrblib/string.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+class String
+  def %(args)
+    if args.is_a? Array
+      sprintf(self, *args)
+    else
+      sprintf(self, args)
+    end
+  end
+end

data/resources/mruby/mrbgems/mruby-sprintf/src/kernel.c

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/*
+** kernel.c - Kernel module suppliment
+**
+** See Copyright Notice in mruby.h
+*/
+
+#include <mruby.h>
+
+mrb_value mrb_f_sprintf(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value obj); /* in sprintf.c */
+
+void
+mrb_mruby_sprintf_gem_init(mrb_state* mrb)
+{
+  struct RClass *krn;
+
+  if (mrb->kernel_module == NULL) {
+    mrb->kernel_module = mrb_define_module(mrb, "Kernel"); /* Might be PARANOID. */
+  }
+  krn = mrb->kernel_module;
+
+  mrb_define_method(mrb, krn, "sprintf", mrb_f_sprintf, MRB_ARGS_ANY());
+  mrb_define_method(mrb, krn, "format",  mrb_f_sprintf, MRB_ARGS_ANY());
+}
+
+void
+mrb_mruby_sprintf_gem_final(mrb_state* mrb)
+{
+  /* nothing to do. */
+}
+

data/resources/mruby/mrbgems/mruby-sprintf/src/sprintf.c

@@ -0,0 +1,1126 @@
+/*
+** sprintf.c - Kernel.#sprintf
+**
+** See Copyright Notice in mruby.h
+*/
+
+#include <mruby.h>
+
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <mruby/string.h>
+#include <mruby/hash.h>
+#include <mruby/numeric.h>
+#ifndef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
+#include <math.h>
+#endif
+#include <ctype.h>
+
+#define BIT_DIGITS(N)   (((N)*146)/485 + 1)  /* log2(10) =~ 146/485 */
+#define BITSPERDIG MRB_INT_BIT
+#define EXTENDSIGN(n, l) (((~0U << (n)) >> (((n)*(l)) % BITSPERDIG)) & ~(~0U << (n)))
+
+mrb_value mrb_str_format(mrb_state *, mrb_int, const mrb_value *, mrb_value);
+#ifndef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
+static void fmt_setup(char*,size_t,int,int,mrb_int,mrb_int);
+#endif
+
+static char*
+remove_sign_bits(char *str, int base)
+{
+  char *t;
+
+  t = str;
+  if (base == 16) {
+    while (*t == 'f') {
+      t++;
+    }
+  }
+  else if (base == 8) {
+    *t |= EXTENDSIGN(3, strlen(t));
+    while (*t == '7') {
+      t++;
+    }
+  }
+  else if (base == 2) {
+    while (*t == '1') {
+      t++;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return t;
+}
+
+static char
+sign_bits(int base, const char *p)
+{
+  char c;
+
+  switch (base) {
+  case 16:
+    if (*p == 'X') c = 'F';
+    else c = 'f';
+    break;
+  case 8:
+    c = '7'; break;
+  case 2:
+    c = '1'; break;
+  default:
+    c = '.'; break;
+  }
+  return c;
+}
+
+static mrb_value
+mrb_fix2binstr(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value x, int base)
+{
+  char buf[66], *b = buf + sizeof buf;
+  mrb_int num = mrb_fixnum(x);
+  uint64_t val = (uint64_t)num;
+  char d;
+
+  if (base != 2) {
+    mrb_raisef(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, "invalid radix %S", mrb_fixnum_value(base));
+  }
+  if (val == 0) {
+    return mrb_str_new_lit(mrb, "0");
+  }
+  *--b = '\0';
+  do {
+    *--b = mrb_digitmap[(int)(val % base)];
+  } while (val /= base);
+
+  if (num < 0) {
+    b = remove_sign_bits(b, base);
+    switch (base) {
+    case 16: d = 'f'; break;
+    case 8:  d = '7'; break;
+    case 2:  d = '1'; break;
+    default: d = 0;   break;
+    }
+
+    if (d && *b != d) {
+      *--b = d;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return mrb_str_new_cstr(mrb, b);
+}
+
+#define FNONE  0
+#define FSHARP 1
+#define FMINUS 2
+#define FPLUS  4
+#define FZERO  8
+#define FSPACE 16
+#define FWIDTH 32
+#define FPREC  64
+#define FPREC0 128
+
+#define CHECK(l) do {\
+/*  int cr = ENC_CODERANGE(result);*/\
+  while ((l) >= bsiz - blen) {\
+    bsiz*=2;\
+    if (bsiz < 0) mrb_raise(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, "too big specifier"); \
+  }\
+  mrb_str_resize(mrb, result, bsiz);\
+/*  ENC_CODERANGE_SET(result, cr);*/\
+  buf = RSTRING_PTR(result);\
+} while (0)
+
+#define PUSH(s, l) do { \
+  CHECK(l);\
+  memcpy(&buf[blen], s, l);\
+  blen += (mrb_int)(l);\
+} while (0)
+
+#define FILL(c, l) do { \
+  CHECK(l);\
+  memset(&buf[blen], c, l);\
+  blen += (l);\
+} while (0)
+
+static void
+check_next_arg(mrb_state *mrb, int posarg, int nextarg)
+{
+  switch (posarg) {
+  case -1:
+    mrb_raisef(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, "unnumbered(%S) mixed with numbered", mrb_fixnum_value(nextarg));
+    break;
+  case -2:
+    mrb_raisef(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, "unnumbered(%S) mixed with named", mrb_fixnum_value(nextarg));
+    break;
+  default:
+    break;
+  }
+}
+
+static void
+check_pos_arg(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_int posarg, mrb_int n)
+{
+  if (posarg > 0) {
+    mrb_raisef(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, "numbered(%S) after unnumbered(%S)",
+               mrb_fixnum_value(n), mrb_fixnum_value(posarg));
+  }
+  if (posarg == -2) {
+    mrb_raisef(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, "numbered(%S) after named", mrb_fixnum_value(n));
+  }
+  if (n < 1) {
+    mrb_raisef(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, "invalid index - %S$", mrb_fixnum_value(n));
+  }
+}
+
+static void
+check_name_arg(mrb_state *mrb, int posarg, const char *name, mrb_int len)
+{
+  if (posarg > 0) {
+    mrb_raisef(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, "named%S after unnumbered(%S)",
+               mrb_str_new(mrb, (name), (len)), mrb_fixnum_value(posarg));
+  }
+  if (posarg == -1) {
+    mrb_raisef(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, "named%S after numbered", mrb_str_new(mrb, (name), (len)));
+  }
+}
+
+#define GETNEXTARG() (\
+  check_next_arg(mrb, posarg, nextarg),\
+  (posarg = nextarg++, GETNTHARG(posarg)))
+
+#define GETARG() (!mrb_undef_p(nextvalue) ? nextvalue : GETNEXTARG())
+
+#define GETPOSARG(n) (\
+  check_pos_arg(mrb, posarg, n),\
+  (posarg = -1, GETNTHARG(n)))
+
+#define GETNTHARG(nth) \
+  ((nth >= argc) ? (mrb_raise(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, "too few arguments"), mrb_undef_value()) : argv[nth])
+
+#define GETNAMEARG(id, name, len) (\
+  check_name_arg(mrb, posarg, name, len),\
+  (posarg = -2, mrb_hash_fetch(mrb, get_hash(mrb, &hash, argc, argv), id, mrb_undef_value())))
+
+#define GETNUM(n, val) \
+  for (; p < end && ISDIGIT(*p); p++) {\
+    mrb_int next_n = 10 * n + (*p - '0'); \
+    if (next_n / 10 != n) {\
+      mrb_raise(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, #val " too big"); \
+    } \
+    n = next_n; \
+  } \
+  if (p >= end) { \
+    mrb_raise(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, "malformed format string - %*[0-9]"); \
+  }
+
+#define GETASTER(num) do { \
+  mrb_value tmp_v; \
+  t = p++; \
+  n = 0; \
+  GETNUM(n, val); \
+  if (*p == '$') { \
+    tmp_v = GETPOSARG(n); \
+  } \
+  else { \
+    tmp_v = GETNEXTARG(); \
+    p = t; \
+  } \
+  num = mrb_int(mrb, tmp_v); \
+} while (0)
+
+static mrb_value
+get_hash(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value *hash, mrb_int argc, const mrb_value *argv)
+{
+  mrb_value tmp;
+
+  if (!mrb_undef_p(*hash)) return *hash;
+  if (argc != 2) {
+    mrb_raise(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, "one hash required");
+  }
+  tmp = mrb_check_convert_type(mrb, argv[1], MRB_TT_HASH, "Hash", "to_hash");
+  if (mrb_nil_p(tmp)) {
+    mrb_raise(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, "one hash required");
+  }
+  return (*hash = tmp);
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     format(format_string [, arguments...] )   -> string
+ *     sprintf(format_string [, arguments...] )  -> string
+ *
+ *  Returns the string resulting from applying <i>format_string</i> to
+ *  any additional arguments.  Within the format string, any characters
+ *  other than format sequences are copied to the result.
+ *
+ *  The syntax of a format sequence is follows.
+ *
+ *    %[flags][width][.precision]type
+ *
+ *  A format
+ *  sequence consists of a percent sign, followed by optional flags,
+ *  width, and precision indicators, then terminated with a field type
+ *  character.  The field type controls how the corresponding
+ *  <code>sprintf</code> argument is to be interpreted, while the flags
+ *  modify that interpretation.
+ *
+ *  The field type characters are:
+ *
+ *      Field |  Integer Format
+ *      ------+--------------------------------------------------------------
+ *        b   | Convert argument as a binary number.
+ *            | Negative numbers will be displayed as a two's complement
+ *            | prefixed with '..1'.
+ *        B   | Equivalent to 'b', but uses an uppercase 0B for prefix
+ *            | in the alternative format by #.
+ *        d   | Convert argument as a decimal number.
+ *        i   | Identical to 'd'.
+ *        o   | Convert argument as an octal number.
+ *            | Negative numbers will be displayed as a two's complement
+ *            | prefixed with '..7'.
+ *        u   | Identical to 'd'.
+ *        x   | Convert argument as a hexadecimal number.
+ *            | Negative numbers will be displayed as a two's complement
+ *            | prefixed with '..f' (representing an infinite string of
+ *            | leading 'ff's).
+ *        X   | Equivalent to 'x', but uses uppercase letters.
+ *
+ *      Field |  Float Format
+ *      ------+--------------------------------------------------------------
+ *        e   | Convert floating point argument into exponential notation
+ *            | with one digit before the decimal point as [-]d.dddddde[+-]dd.
+ *            | The precision specifies the number of digits after the decimal
+ *            | point (defaulting to six).
+ *        E   | Equivalent to 'e', but uses an uppercase E to indicate
+ *            | the exponent.
+ *        f   | Convert floating point argument as [-]ddd.dddddd,
+ *            | where the precision specifies the number of digits after
+ *            | the decimal point.
+ *        g   | Convert a floating point number using exponential form
+ *            | if the exponent is less than -4 or greater than or
+ *            | equal to the precision, or in dd.dddd form otherwise.
+ *            | The precision specifies the number of significant digits.
+ *        G   | Equivalent to 'g', but use an uppercase 'E' in exponent form.
+ *        a   | Convert floating point argument as [-]0xh.hhhhp[+-]dd,
+ *            | which is consisted from optional sign, "0x", fraction part
+ *            | as hexadecimal, "p", and exponential part as decimal.
+ *        A   | Equivalent to 'a', but use uppercase 'X' and 'P'.
+ *
+ *      Field |  Other Format
+ *      ------+--------------------------------------------------------------
+ *        c   | Argument is the numeric code for a single character or
+ *            | a single character string itself.
+ *        p   | The valuing of argument.inspect.
+ *        s   | Argument is a string to be substituted.  If the format
+ *            | sequence contains a precision, at most that many characters
+ *            | will be copied.
+ *        %   | A percent sign itself will be displayed.  No argument taken.
+ *
+ *  The flags modifies the behavior of the formats.
+ *  The flag characters are:
+ *
+ *    Flag     | Applies to    | Meaning
+ *    ---------+---------------+-----------------------------------------
+ *    space    | bBdiouxX      | Leave a space at the start of
+ *             | aAeEfgG       | non-negative numbers.
+ *             | (numeric fmt) | For 'o', 'x', 'X', 'b' and 'B', use
+ *             |               | a minus sign with absolute value for
+ *             |               | negative values.
+ *    ---------+---------------+-----------------------------------------
+ *    (digit)$ | all           | Specifies the absolute argument number
+ *             |               | for this field.  Absolute and relative
+ *             |               | argument numbers cannot be mixed in a
+ *             |               | sprintf string.
+ *    ---------+---------------+-----------------------------------------
+ *     #       | bBoxX         | Use an alternative format.
+ *             | aAeEfgG       | For the conversions 'o', increase the precision
+ *             |               | until the first digit will be '0' if
+ *             |               | it is not formatted as complements.
+ *             |               | For the conversions 'x', 'X', 'b' and 'B'
+ *             |               | on non-zero, prefix the result with "0x",
+ *             |               | "0X", "0b" and "0B", respectively.
+ *             |               | For 'a', 'A', 'e', 'E', 'f', 'g', and 'G',
+ *             |               | force a decimal point to be added,
+ *             |               | even if no digits follow.
+ *             |               | For 'g' and 'G', do not remove trailing zeros.
+ *    ---------+---------------+-----------------------------------------
+ *    +        | bBdiouxX      | Add a leading plus sign to non-negative
+ *             | aAeEfgG       | numbers.
+ *             | (numeric fmt) | For 'o', 'x', 'X', 'b' and 'B', use
+ *             |               | a minus sign with absolute value for
+ *             |               | negative values.
+ *    ---------+---------------+-----------------------------------------
+ *    -        | all           | Left-justify the result of this conversion.
+ *    ---------+---------------+-----------------------------------------
+ *    0 (zero) | bBdiouxX      | Pad with zeros, not spaces.
+ *             | aAeEfgG       | For 'o', 'x', 'X', 'b' and 'B', radix-1
+ *             | (numeric fmt) | is used for negative numbers formatted as
+ *             |               | complements.
+ *    ---------+---------------+-----------------------------------------
+ *    *        | all           | Use the next argument as the field width.
+ *             |               | If negative, left-justify the result. If the
+ *             |               | asterisk is followed by a number and a dollar
+ *             |               | sign, use the indicated argument as the width.
+ *
+ *  Examples of flags:
+ *
+ *   # '+' and space flag specifies the sign of non-negative numbers.
+ *   sprintf("%d", 123)  #=> "123"
+ *   sprintf("%+d", 123) #=> "+123"
+ *   sprintf("% d", 123) #=> " 123"
+ *
+ *   # '#' flag for 'o' increases number of digits to show '0'.
+ *   # '+' and space flag changes format of negative numbers.
+ *   sprintf("%o", 123)   #=> "173"
+ *   sprintf("%#o", 123)  #=> "0173"
+ *   sprintf("%+o", -123) #=> "-173"
+ *   sprintf("%o", -123)  #=> "..7605"
+ *   sprintf("%#o", -123) #=> "..7605"
+ *
+ *   # '#' flag for 'x' add a prefix '0x' for non-zero numbers.
+ *   # '+' and space flag disables complements for negative numbers.
+ *   sprintf("%x", 123)   #=> "7b"
+ *   sprintf("%#x", 123)  #=> "0x7b"
+ *   sprintf("%+x", -123) #=> "-7b"
+ *   sprintf("%x", -123)  #=> "..f85"
+ *   sprintf("%#x", -123) #=> "0x..f85"
+ *   sprintf("%#x", 0)    #=> "0"
+ *
+ *   # '#' for 'X' uses the prefix '0X'.
+ *   sprintf("%X", 123)  #=> "7B"
+ *   sprintf("%#X", 123) #=> "0X7B"
+ *
+ *   # '#' flag for 'b' add a prefix '0b' for non-zero numbers.
+ *   # '+' and space flag disables complements for negative numbers.
+ *   sprintf("%b", 123)   #=> "1111011"
+ *   sprintf("%#b", 123)  #=> "0b1111011"
+ *   sprintf("%+b", -123) #=> "-1111011"
+ *   sprintf("%b", -123)  #=> "..10000101"
+ *   sprintf("%#b", -123) #=> "0b..10000101"
+ *   sprintf("%#b", 0)    #=> "0"
+ *
+ *   # '#' for 'B' uses the prefix '0B'.
+ *   sprintf("%B", 123)  #=> "1111011"
+ *   sprintf("%#B", 123) #=> "0B1111011"
+ *
+ *   # '#' for 'e' forces to show the decimal point.
+ *   sprintf("%.0e", 1)  #=> "1e+00"
+ *   sprintf("%#.0e", 1) #=> "1.e+00"
+ *
+ *   # '#' for 'f' forces to show the decimal point.
+ *   sprintf("%.0f", 1234)  #=> "1234"
+ *   sprintf("%#.0f", 1234) #=> "1234."
+ *
+ *   # '#' for 'g' forces to show the decimal point.
+ *   # It also disables stripping lowest zeros.
+ *   sprintf("%g", 123.4)   #=> "123.4"
+ *   sprintf("%#g", 123.4)  #=> "123.400"
+ *   sprintf("%g", 123456)  #=> "123456"
+ *   sprintf("%#g", 123456) #=> "123456."
+ *
+ *  The field width is an optional integer, followed optionally by a
+ *  period and a precision.  The width specifies the minimum number of
+ *  characters that will be written to the result for this field.
+ *
+ *  Examples of width:
+ *
+ *   # padding is done by spaces,       width=20
+ *   # 0 or radix-1.             <------------------>
+ *   sprintf("%20d", 123)   #=> "                 123"
+ *   sprintf("%+20d", 123)  #=> "                +123"
+ *   sprintf("%020d", 123)  #=> "00000000000000000123"
+ *   sprintf("%+020d", 123) #=> "+0000000000000000123"
+ *   sprintf("% 020d", 123) #=> " 0000000000000000123"
+ *   sprintf("%-20d", 123)  #=> "123                 "
+ *   sprintf("%-+20d", 123) #=> "+123                "
+ *   sprintf("%- 20d", 123) #=> " 123                "
+ *   sprintf("%020x", -123) #=> "..ffffffffffffffff85"
+ *
+ *  For
+ *  numeric fields, the precision controls the number of decimal places
+ *  displayed.  For string fields, the precision determines the maximum
+ *  number of characters to be copied from the string.  (Thus, the format
+ *  sequence <code>%10.10s</code> will always contribute exactly ten
+ *  characters to the result.)
+ *
+ *  Examples of precisions:
+ *
+ *   # precision for 'd', 'o', 'x' and 'b' is
+ *   # minimum number of digits               <------>
+ *   sprintf("%20.8d", 123)  #=> "            00000123"
+ *   sprintf("%20.8o", 123)  #=> "            00000173"
+ *   sprintf("%20.8x", 123)  #=> "            0000007b"
+ *   sprintf("%20.8b", 123)  #=> "            01111011"
+ *   sprintf("%20.8d", -123) #=> "           -00000123"
+ *   sprintf("%20.8o", -123) #=> "            ..777605"
+ *   sprintf("%20.8x", -123) #=> "            ..ffff85"
+ *   sprintf("%20.8b", -11)  #=> "            ..110101"
+ *
+ *   # "0x" and "0b" for '#x' and '#b' is not counted for
+ *   # precision but "0" for '#o' is counted.  <------>
+ *   sprintf("%#20.8d", 123)  #=> "            00000123"
+ *   sprintf("%#20.8o", 123)  #=> "            00000173"
+ *   sprintf("%#20.8x", 123)  #=> "          0x0000007b"
+ *   sprintf("%#20.8b", 123)  #=> "          0b01111011"
+ *   sprintf("%#20.8d", -123) #=> "           -00000123"
+ *   sprintf("%#20.8o", -123) #=> "            ..777605"
+ *   sprintf("%#20.8x", -123) #=> "          0x..ffff85"
+ *   sprintf("%#20.8b", -11)  #=> "          0b..110101"
+ *
+ *   # precision for 'e' is number of
+ *   # digits after the decimal point           <------>
+ *   sprintf("%20.8e", 1234.56789) #=> "      1.23456789e+03"
+ *
+ *   # precision for 'f' is number of
+ *   # digits after the decimal point               <------>
+ *   sprintf("%20.8f", 1234.56789) #=> "       1234.56789000"
+ *
+ *   # precision for 'g' is number of
+ *   # significant digits                          <------->
+ *   sprintf("%20.8g", 1234.56789) #=> "           1234.5679"
+ *
+ *   #                                         <------->
+ *   sprintf("%20.8g", 123456789)  #=> "       1.2345679e+08"
+ *
+ *   # precision for 's' is
+ *   # maximum number of characters                    <------>
+ *   sprintf("%20.8s", "string test") #=> "            string t"
+ *
+ *  Examples:
+ *
+ *     sprintf("%d %04x", 123, 123)               #=> "123 007b"
+ *     sprintf("%08b '%4s'", 123, 123)            #=> "01111011 ' 123'"
+ *     sprintf("%1$*2$s %2$d %1$s", "hello", 8)   #=> "   hello 8 hello"
+ *     sprintf("%1$*2$s %2$d", "hello", -8)       #=> "hello    -8"
+ *     sprintf("%+g:% g:%-g", 1.23, 1.23, 1.23)   #=> "+1.23: 1.23:1.23"
+ *     sprintf("%u", -123)                        #=> "-123"
+ *
+ *  For more complex formatting, Ruby supports a reference by name.
+ *  %<name>s style uses format style, but %{name} style doesn't.
+ *
+ *  Exapmles:
+ *    sprintf("%<foo>d : %<bar>f", { :foo => 1, :bar => 2 })
+ *      #=> 1 : 2.000000
+ *    sprintf("%{foo}f", { :foo => 1 })
+ *      # => "1f"
+ */
+
+mrb_value
+mrb_f_sprintf(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value obj)
+{
+  mrb_int argc;
+  mrb_value *argv;
+
+  mrb_get_args(mrb, "*", &argv, &argc);
+
+  if (argc <= 0) {
+    mrb_raise(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, "too few arguments");
+    return mrb_nil_value();
+  }
+  else {
+    return mrb_str_format(mrb, argc - 1, argv + 1, argv[0]);
+  }
+}
+
+mrb_value
+mrb_str_format(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_int argc, const mrb_value *argv, mrb_value fmt)
+{
+  const char *p, *end;
+  char *buf;
+  mrb_int blen;
+  mrb_int bsiz;
+  mrb_value result;
+  mrb_int n;
+  mrb_int width;
+  mrb_int prec;
+  int nextarg = 1;
+  int posarg = 0;
+  mrb_value nextvalue;
+  mrb_value str;
+  mrb_value hash = mrb_undef_value();
+
+#define CHECK_FOR_WIDTH(f)                                                  \
+  if ((f) & FWIDTH) {                                                       \
+    mrb_raise(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, "width given twice");         \
+  }                                                                         \
+  if ((f) & FPREC0) {                                                       \
+    mrb_raise(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, "width after precision");     \
+  }
+#define CHECK_FOR_FLAGS(f)                                                  \
+  if ((f) & FWIDTH) {                                                       \
+    mrb_raise(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, "flag after width");          \
+  }                                                                         \
+  if ((f) & FPREC0) {                                                       \
+    mrb_raise(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, "flag after precision");      \
+  }
+
+  ++argc;
+  --argv;
+  fmt = mrb_str_to_str(mrb, fmt);
+  p = RSTRING_PTR(fmt);
+  end = p + RSTRING_LEN(fmt);
+  blen = 0;
+  bsiz = 120;
+  result = mrb_str_new_capa(mrb, bsiz);
+  buf = RSTRING_PTR(result);
+  memset(buf, 0, bsiz);
+
+  for (; p < end; p++) {
+    const char *t;
+    mrb_sym id = 0;
+    int flags = FNONE;
+
+    for (t = p; t < end && *t != '%'; t++) ;
+    if (t + 1 == end) ++t;
+    PUSH(p, t - p);
+    if (t >= end)
+      goto sprint_exit; /* end of fmt string */
+
+    p = t + 1;    /* skip '%' */
+
+    width = prec = -1;
+    nextvalue = mrb_undef_value();
+
+retry:
+    switch (*p) {
+      default:
+        mrb_raisef(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, "malformed format string - \\%%S", mrb_str_new(mrb, p, 1));
+        break;
+
+      case ' ':
+        CHECK_FOR_FLAGS(flags);
+        flags |= FSPACE;
+        p++;
+        goto retry;
+
+      case '#':
+        CHECK_FOR_FLAGS(flags);
+        flags |= FSHARP;
+        p++;
+        goto retry;
+
+      case '+':
+        CHECK_FOR_FLAGS(flags);
+        flags |= FPLUS;
+        p++;
+        goto retry;
+
+      case '-':
+        CHECK_FOR_FLAGS(flags);
+        flags |= FMINUS;
+        p++;
+        goto retry;
+
+      case '0':
+        CHECK_FOR_FLAGS(flags);
+        flags |= FZERO;
+        p++;
+        goto retry;
+
+      case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
+      case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9':
+        n = 0;
+        GETNUM(n, width);
+        if (*p == '$') {
+          if (!mrb_undef_p(nextvalue)) {
+            mrb_raisef(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, "value given twice - %S$", mrb_fixnum_value(n));
+          }
+          nextvalue = GETPOSARG(n);
+          p++;
+          goto retry;
+        }
+        CHECK_FOR_WIDTH(flags);
+        width = n;
+        flags |= FWIDTH;
+        goto retry;
+
+      case '<':
+      case '{': {
+        const char *start = p;
+        char term = (*p == '<') ? '>' : '}';
+        mrb_value symname;
+
+        for (; p < end && *p != term; )
+          p++;
+        if (id) {
+          mrb_raisef(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, "name%S after <%S>",
+                     mrb_str_new(mrb, start, p - start + 1), mrb_sym2str(mrb, id));
+        }
+        symname = mrb_str_new(mrb, start + 1, p - start - 1);
+        id = mrb_intern_str(mrb, symname);
+        nextvalue = GETNAMEARG(mrb_symbol_value(id), start, (mrb_int)(p - start + 1));
+        if (mrb_undef_p(nextvalue)) {
+          mrb_raisef(mrb, E_KEY_ERROR, "key%S not found", mrb_str_new(mrb, start, p - start + 1));
+        }
+        if (term == '}') goto format_s;
+        p++;
+        goto retry;
+      }
+
+      case '*':
+        CHECK_FOR_WIDTH(flags);
+        flags |= FWIDTH;
+        GETASTER(width);
+        if (width < 0) {
+          flags |= FMINUS;
+          width = -width;
+        }
+        p++;
+        goto retry;
+
+      case '.':
+        if (flags & FPREC0) {
+          mrb_raise(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, "precision given twice");
+        }
+        flags |= FPREC|FPREC0;
+
+        prec = 0;
+        p++;
+        if (*p == '*') {
+          GETASTER(prec);
+          if (prec < 0) {  /* ignore negative precision */
+            flags &= ~FPREC;
+          }
+          p++;
+          goto retry;
+        }
+
+        GETNUM(prec, precision);
+        goto retry;
+
+      case '\n':
+      case '\0':
+        p--;
+        /* fallthrough */
+      case '%':
+        if (flags != FNONE) {
+          mrb_raise(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, "invalid format character - %");
+        }
+        PUSH("%", 1);
+        break;
+
+      case 'c': {
+        mrb_value val = GETARG();
+        mrb_value tmp;
+        char *c;
+
+        tmp = mrb_check_string_type(mrb, val);
+        if (!mrb_nil_p(tmp)) {
+          if (RSTRING_LEN(tmp) != 1) {
+            mrb_raise(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, "%c requires a character");
+          }
+        }
+        else if (mrb_fixnum_p(val)) {
+          mrb_int n = mrb_fixnum(val);
+
+          if (n < 0x80) {
+            char buf[1];
+
+            buf[0] = (char)n;
+            tmp = mrb_str_new(mrb, buf, 1);
+          }
+          else {
+            tmp = mrb_funcall(mrb, val, "chr", 0);
+            mrb_check_type(mrb, tmp, MRB_TT_STRING);
+          }
+        }
+        else {
+          mrb_raise(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, "invalid character");
+        }
+        c = RSTRING_PTR(tmp);
+        n = RSTRING_LEN(tmp);
+        if (!(flags & FWIDTH)) {
+          PUSH(c, n);
+        }
+        else if ((flags & FMINUS)) {
+          PUSH(c, n);
+          if (width>0) FILL(' ', width-1);
+        }
+        else {
+          if (width>0) FILL(' ', width-1);
+          PUSH(c, n);
+        }
+      }
+      break;
+
+      case 's':
+      case 'p':
+  format_s:
+      {
+        mrb_value arg = GETARG();
+        mrb_int len;
+        mrb_int slen;
+
+        if (*p == 'p') arg = mrb_inspect(mrb, arg);
+        str = mrb_obj_as_string(mrb, arg);
+        len = RSTRING_LEN(str);
+        if (RSTRING(result)->flags & MRB_STR_EMBED) {
+          mrb_int tmp_n = len;
+          RSTRING(result)->flags &= ~MRB_STR_EMBED_LEN_MASK;
+          RSTRING(result)->flags |= tmp_n << MRB_STR_EMBED_LEN_SHIFT;
+        }
+        else {
+          RSTRING(result)->as.heap.len = blen;
+        }
+        if (flags&(FPREC|FWIDTH)) {
+          slen = RSTRING_LEN(str);
+          if (slen < 0) {
+            mrb_raise(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, "invalid mbstring sequence");
+          }
+          if ((flags&FPREC) && (prec < slen)) {
+            char *p = RSTRING_PTR(str) + prec;
+            slen = prec;
+            len = (mrb_int)(p - RSTRING_PTR(str));
+          }
+          /* need to adjust multi-byte string pos */
+          if ((flags&FWIDTH) && (width > slen)) {
+            width -= (int)slen;
+            if (!(flags&FMINUS)) {
+              FILL(' ', width);
+            }
+            PUSH(RSTRING_PTR(str), len);
+            if (flags&FMINUS) {
+              FILL(' ', width);
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+        PUSH(RSTRING_PTR(str), len);
+      }
+      break;
+
+      case 'd':
+      case 'i':
+      case 'o':
+      case 'x':
+      case 'X':
+      case 'b':
+      case 'B':
+      case 'u': {
+        mrb_value val = GETARG();
+        char nbuf[68], *s;
+        const char *prefix = NULL;
+        int sign = 0, dots = 0;
+        char sc = 0;
+        mrb_int v = 0;
+        int base;
+        mrb_int len;
+
+        if (flags & FSHARP) {
+          switch (*p) {
+            case 'o': prefix = "0"; break;
+            case 'x': prefix = "0x"; break;
+            case 'X': prefix = "0X"; break;
+            case 'b': prefix = "0b"; break;
+            case 'B': prefix = "0B"; break;
+            default: break;
+          }
+        }
+
+  bin_retry:
+        switch (mrb_type(val)) {
+#ifndef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
+          case MRB_TT_FLOAT:
+            val = mrb_flo_to_fixnum(mrb, val);
+            if (mrb_fixnum_p(val)) goto bin_retry;
+            break;
+#endif
+          case MRB_TT_STRING:
+            val = mrb_str_to_inum(mrb, val, 0, TRUE);
+            goto bin_retry;
+          case MRB_TT_FIXNUM:
+            v = mrb_fixnum(val);
+            break;
+          default:
+            val = mrb_Integer(mrb, val);
+            goto bin_retry;
+        }
+
+        switch (*p) {
+          case 'o':
+            base = 8; break;
+          case 'x':
+          case 'X':
+            base = 16; break;
+          case 'b':
+          case 'B':
+            base = 2; break;
+          case 'u':
+          case 'd':
+          case 'i':
+            sign = 1;
+          default:
+            base = 10; break;
+        }
+
+        if (sign) {
+          if (v >= 0) {
+            if (flags & FPLUS) {
+              sc = '+';
+              width--;
+            }
+            else if (flags & FSPACE) {
+              sc = ' ';
+              width--;
+            }
+          }
+          else {
+            sc = '-';
+            width--;
+          }
+          mrb_assert(base == 10);
+          snprintf(nbuf, sizeof(nbuf), "%" MRB_PRId, v);
+          s = nbuf;
+          if (v < 0) s++;       /* skip minus sign */
+        }
+        else {
+          s = nbuf;
+          if (v < 0) {
+            dots = 1;
+          }
+          switch (base) {
+          case 2:
+            if (v < 0) {
+              val = mrb_fix2binstr(mrb, mrb_fixnum_value(v), base);
+            }
+            else {
+              val = mrb_fixnum_to_str(mrb, mrb_fixnum_value(v), base);
+            }
+            strncpy(++s, RSTRING_PTR(val), sizeof(nbuf)-1);
+            break;
+          case 8:
+            snprintf(++s, sizeof(nbuf)-1, "%" MRB_PRIo, v);
+            break;
+          case 16:
+            snprintf(++s, sizeof(nbuf)-1, "%" MRB_PRIx, v);
+            break;
+          }
+          if (v < 0) {
+            char d;
+
+            s = remove_sign_bits(s, base);
+            switch (base) {
+              case 16: d = 'f'; break;
+              case 8:  d = '7'; break;
+              case 2:  d = '1'; break;
+              default: d = 0; break;
+            }
+
+            if (d && *s != d) {
+              *--s = d;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        {
+          size_t size;
+          size = strlen(s);
+          /* PARANOID: assert(size <= MRB_INT_MAX) */
+          len = (mrb_int)size;
+        }
+
+        if (*p == 'X') {
+          char *pp = s;
+          int c;
+          while ((c = (int)(unsigned char)*pp) != 0) {
+            *pp = toupper(c);
+            pp++;
+          }
+        }
+
+        if (prefix && !prefix[1]) { /* octal */
+          if (dots) {
+            prefix = NULL;
+          }
+          else if (len == 1 && *s == '0') {
+            len = 0;
+            if (flags & FPREC) prec--;
+          }
+          else if ((flags & FPREC) && (prec > len)) {
+            prefix = NULL;
+          }
+        }
+        else if (len == 1 && *s == '0') {
+          prefix = NULL;
+        }
+
+        if (prefix) {
+          size_t size;
+          size = strlen(prefix);
+          /* PARANOID: assert(size <= MRB_INT_MAX).
+           *  this check is absolutely paranoid. */
+          width -= (mrb_int)size;
+        }
+
+        if ((flags & (FZERO|FMINUS|FPREC)) == FZERO) {
+          prec = width;
+          width = 0;
+        }
+        else {
+          if (prec < len) {
+            if (!prefix && prec == 0 && len == 1 && *s == '0') len = 0;
+            prec = len;
+          }
+          width -= prec;
+        }
+
+        if (!(flags&FMINUS) && width > 0) {
+          FILL(' ', width);
+          width = 0;
+        }
+
+        if (sc) PUSH(&sc, 1);
+
+        if (prefix) {
+          int plen = (int)strlen(prefix);
+          PUSH(prefix, plen);
+        }
+        if (dots) {
+          prec -= 2;
+          width -= 2;
+          PUSH("..", 2);
+        }
+
+        if (prec > len) {
+          CHECK(prec - len);
+          if ((flags & (FMINUS|FPREC)) != FMINUS) {
+            char c = '0';
+            FILL(c, prec - len);
+          } else if (v < 0) {
+            char c = sign_bits(base, p);
+            FILL(c, prec - len);
+          }
+        }
+        PUSH(s, len);
+        if (width > 0) {
+          FILL(' ', width);
+        }
+      }
+      break;
+
+#ifndef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
+      case 'f':
+      case 'g':
+      case 'G':
+      case 'e':
+      case 'E':
+      case 'a':
+      case 'A': {
+        mrb_value val = GETARG();
+        double fval;
+        mrb_int i;
+        mrb_int need = 6;
+        char fbuf[32];
+        int frexp_result;
+
+        fval = mrb_float(mrb_Float(mrb, val));
+        if (!isfinite(fval)) {
+          const char *expr;
+          const mrb_int elen = 3;
+          char sign = '\0';
+
+          if (isnan(fval)) {
+            expr = "NaN";
+          }
+          else {
+            expr = "Inf";
+          }
+          need = elen;
+          if (!isnan(fval) && fval < 0.0)
+            sign = '-';
+          else if (flags & (FPLUS|FSPACE))
+            sign = (flags & FPLUS) ? '+' : ' ';
+          if (sign)
+            ++need;
+          if ((flags & FWIDTH) && need < width)
+            need = width;
+
+          if (need < 0) {
+            mrb_raise(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, "width too big");
+          }
+          FILL(' ', need);
+          if (flags & FMINUS) {
+            if (sign)
+              buf[blen - need--] = sign;
+            memcpy(&buf[blen - need], expr, elen);
+          }
+          else {
+            if (sign)
+              buf[blen - elen - 1] = sign;
+            memcpy(&buf[blen - elen], expr, elen);
+          }
+          break;
+        }
+
+        fmt_setup(fbuf, sizeof(fbuf), *p, flags, width, prec);
+        need = 0;
+        if (*p != 'e' && *p != 'E') {
+          i = INT_MIN;
+          frexp(fval, &frexp_result);
+          i = (mrb_int)frexp_result;
+          if (i > 0)
+            need = BIT_DIGITS(i);
+        }
+        need += (flags&FPREC) ? prec : 6;
+        if ((flags&FWIDTH) && need < width)
+          need = width;
+        need += 20;
+        if (need <= 0) {
+          mrb_raise(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR,
+                    (width > prec ? "width too big" : "prec too big"));
+        }
+
+        CHECK(need);
+        n = snprintf(&buf[blen], need, fbuf, fval);
+        if (n < 0) {
+          mrb_raise(mrb, E_RUNTIME_ERROR, "formatting error");
+        }
+        blen += n;
+      }
+      break;
+#endif
+    }
+    flags = FNONE;
+  }
+
+  sprint_exit:
+#if 0
+  /* XXX - We cannot validate the number of arguments if (digit)$ style used.
+   */
+  if (posarg >= 0 && nextarg < argc) {
+    const char *mesg = "too many arguments for format string";
+    if (mrb_test(ruby_debug)) mrb_raise(mrb, E_ARGUMENT_ERROR, mesg);
+    if (mrb_test(ruby_verbose)) mrb_warn(mrb, "%S", mrb_str_new_cstr(mrb, mesg));
+  }
+#endif
+  mrb_str_resize(mrb, result, blen);
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+#ifndef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
+static void
+fmt_setup(char *buf, size_t size, int c, int flags, mrb_int width, mrb_int prec)
+{
+  char *end = buf + size;
+  int n;
+
+  *buf++ = '%';
+  if (flags & FSHARP) *buf++ = '#';
+  if (flags & FPLUS)  *buf++ = '+';
+  if (flags & FMINUS) *buf++ = '-';
+  if (flags & FZERO)  *buf++ = '0';
+  if (flags & FSPACE) *buf++ = ' ';
+
+  if (flags & FWIDTH) {
+    n = snprintf(buf, end - buf, "%d", (int)width);
+    buf += n;
+  }
+
+  if (flags & FPREC) {
+    n = snprintf(buf, end - buf, ".%d", (int)prec);
+    buf += n;
+  }
+
+  *buf++ = c;
+  *buf = '\0';
+}
+#endif