qiskit 2.1.0rc1__cp39-abi3-manylinux2014_aarch64.manylinux_2_17_aarch64.whl

qiskit/dagcircuit/dagdependency.py

@@ -0,0 +1,612 @@
+# This code is part of Qiskit.
+#
+# (C) Copyright IBM 2020.
+#
+# This code is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. You may
+# obtain a copy of this license in the LICENSE.txt file in the root directory
+# of this source tree or at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.
+#
+# Any modifications or derivative works of this code must retain this
+# copyright notice, and modified files need to carry a notice indicating
+# that they have been altered from the originals.
+
+"""DAGDependency class for representing non-commutativity in a circuit.
+"""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import math
+import heapq
+import typing
+from collections import OrderedDict
+from collections.abc import Iterator
+
+import rustworkx as rx
+
+from qiskit.circuit.commutation_library import SessionCommutationChecker as scc
+from qiskit.circuit.controlflow import condition_resources
+from qiskit.circuit import QuantumRegister, Qubit
+from qiskit.circuit import ClassicalRegister, Clbit
+from qiskit.dagcircuit.exceptions import DAGDependencyError
+from qiskit.dagcircuit.dagdepnode import DAGDepNode
+
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from qiskit.circuit.parameterexpression import ParameterExpression
+
+
+# ToDo: DagDependency needs to be refactored:
+#  - Removing redundant and template-optimization-specific fields from DAGDepNode:
+#    As a minimum, we should remove direct predecessors and direct successors,
+#    as these can be queried directly from the underlying graph data structure.
+#    We should also remove fields that are specific to template-optimization pass.
+#    for instance lists of transitive predecessors and successors (moreover, we
+#    should investigate the possibility of using rx.descendants() instead of caching).
+#  - We should rethink the API of DAGDependency:
+#    Currently, most of the functions (such as "add_op_node", "_update_edges", etc.)
+#    are only used when creating a new DAGDependency.
+#    On the other hand, replace_block_with_op is only used at the very end,
+#    just before DAGDependency is converted into QuantumCircuit or DAGCircuit.
+#    A part of the reason is that doing local changes to DAGDependency is tricky:
+#    as an example, suppose that DAGDependency contains a gate A such that A = B * C;
+#    in general we cannot simply replace A by the pair B, C, as there may be
+#    other nodes that commute with A but do not commute with B or C, so we would need to
+#    change DAGDependency more globally to support that. In other words, we should rethink
+#    what DAGDependency can be good for and rethink that API accordingly.
+
+
+class DAGDependency:
+    """Object to represent a quantum circuit as a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG)
+    via operation dependencies (i.e. lack of commutation).
+
+    The nodes in the graph are operations represented by quantum gates.
+    The edges correspond to non-commutation between two operations
+    (i.e. a dependency). A directed edge from node A to node B means that
+    operation A does not commute with operation B.
+    The object's methods allow circuits to be constructed.
+
+    The nodes in the graph have the following attributes:
+    'operation', 'successors', 'predecessors'.
+
+    **Example:**
+
+    Bell circuit with no measurement.
+
+    .. code-block:: text
+
+              ┌───┐
+        qr_0: ┤ H ├──■──
+              └───┘┌─┴─┐
+        qr_1: ─────┤ X ├
+                   └───┘
+
+    The dependency DAG for the above circuit is represented by two nodes.
+    The first one corresponds to Hadamard gate, the second one to the CNOT gate
+    as the gates do not commute there is an edge between the two nodes.
+
+    **Reference:**
+
+    [1] Iten, R., Moyard, R., Metger, T., Sutter, D. and Woerner, S., 2020.
+    Exact and practical pattern matching for quantum circuit optimization.
+    `arXiv:1909.05270 <https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.05270>`_
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """
+        Create an empty DAGDependency.
+        """
+        # Circuit name
+        self.name = None
+
+        # Circuit metadata
+        self.metadata = {}
+
+        # Directed multigraph whose nodes are operations(gates) and edges
+        # represent non-commutativity between two gates.
+        self._multi_graph = rx.PyDAG()
+
+        # Map of qreg/creg name to Register object.
+        self.qregs = OrderedDict()
+        self.cregs = OrderedDict()
+
+        # List of all Qubit/Clbit wires.
+        self.qubits = []
+        self.clbits = []
+
+        self._global_phase: float | ParameterExpression = 0.0
+
+        self.duration = None
+        self.unit = "dt"
+
+        self.comm_checker = scc
+
+    @property
+    def global_phase(self):
+        """Return the global phase of the circuit."""
+        return self._global_phase
+
+    @global_phase.setter
+    def global_phase(self, angle: float | ParameterExpression):
+        """Set the global phase of the circuit.
+
+        Args:
+            angle (float, ParameterExpression)
+        """
+        from qiskit.circuit.parameterexpression import ParameterExpression  # needed?
+
+        if isinstance(angle, ParameterExpression):
+            self._global_phase = angle
+        else:
+            # Set the phase to the [0, 2π) interval
+            angle = float(angle)
+            if not angle:
+                self._global_phase = 0
+            else:
+                self._global_phase = angle % (2 * math.pi)
+
+    def to_retworkx(self):
+        """Returns the DAGDependency in retworkx format."""
+        return self._multi_graph
+
+    def size(self):
+        """Returns the number of gates in the circuit"""
+        return len(self._multi_graph)
+
+    def depth(self):
+        """Return the circuit depth.
+        Returns:
+            int: the circuit depth
+        """
+        depth = rx.dag_longest_path_length(self._multi_graph)
+        return depth if depth >= 0 else 0
+
+    def add_qubits(self, qubits):
+        """Add individual qubit wires."""
+        if any(not isinstance(qubit, Qubit) for qubit in qubits):
+            raise DAGDependencyError("not a Qubit instance.")
+
+        duplicate_qubits = set(self.qubits).intersection(qubits)
+        if duplicate_qubits:
+            raise DAGDependencyError(f"duplicate qubits {duplicate_qubits}")
+
+        self.qubits.extend(qubits)
+
+    def add_clbits(self, clbits):
+        """Add individual clbit wires."""
+        if any(not isinstance(clbit, Clbit) for clbit in clbits):
+            raise DAGDependencyError("not a Clbit instance.")
+
+        duplicate_clbits = set(self.clbits).intersection(clbits)
+        if duplicate_clbits:
+            raise DAGDependencyError(f"duplicate clbits {duplicate_clbits}")
+
+        self.clbits.extend(clbits)
+
+    def add_qreg(self, qreg):
+        """Add qubits in a quantum register."""
+        if not isinstance(qreg, QuantumRegister):
+            raise DAGDependencyError("not a QuantumRegister instance.")
+        if qreg.name in self.qregs:
+            raise DAGDependencyError(f"duplicate register {qreg.name}")
+        self.qregs[qreg.name] = qreg
+        existing_qubits = set(self.qubits)
+        for j in range(qreg.size):
+            if qreg[j] not in existing_qubits:
+                self.qubits.append(qreg[j])
+
+    def add_creg(self, creg):
+        """Add clbits in a classical register."""
+        if not isinstance(creg, ClassicalRegister):
+            raise DAGDependencyError("not a ClassicalRegister instance.")
+        if creg.name in self.cregs:
+            raise DAGDependencyError(f"duplicate register {creg.name}")
+        self.cregs[creg.name] = creg
+        existing_clbits = set(self.clbits)
+        for j in range(creg.size):
+            if creg[j] not in existing_clbits:
+                self.clbits.append(creg[j])
+
+    def _add_multi_graph_node(self, node: DAGDepNode) -> int:
+        """
+        Args:
+            node (DAGDepNode): considered node.
+
+        Returns:
+            node_id(int): corresponding label to the added node.
+        """
+        node_id = self._multi_graph.add_node(node)
+        node.node_id = node_id
+        return node_id
+
+    def get_nodes(self) -> Iterator[DAGDepNode]:
+        """
+        Returns:
+            generator(dict): iterator over all the nodes.
+        """
+        return iter(self._multi_graph.nodes())
+
+    def get_node(self, node_id: int) -> DAGDepNode:
+        """
+        Args:
+            node_id (int): label of considered node.
+
+        Returns:
+            node: corresponding to the label.
+        """
+        return self._multi_graph.get_node_data(node_id)
+
+    def _add_multi_graph_edge(self, src_id: int, dest_id: int, data):
+        """
+        Function to add an edge from given data (dict) between two nodes.
+
+        Args:
+            src_id (int): label of the first node.
+            dest_id (int): label of the second node.
+            data (dict): data contained on the edge.
+
+        """
+        self._multi_graph.add_edge(src_id, dest_id, data)
+
+    def get_edges(self, src_id, dest_id):
+        """
+        Edge enumeration between two nodes through method get_all_edge_data.
+
+        Args:
+            src_id (int): label of the first node.
+            dest_id (int): label of the second node.
+
+        Returns:
+            List: corresponding to all edges between the two nodes.
+        """
+        return self._multi_graph.get_all_edge_data(src_id, dest_id)
+
+    def get_all_edges(self):
+        """
+        Enumeration of all edges.
+
+        Returns:
+            List: corresponding to the label.
+        """
+
+        return [
+            (src, dest, data)
+            for src_node in self._multi_graph.nodes()
+            for (src, dest, data) in self._multi_graph.out_edges(src_node.node_id)
+        ]
+
+    def get_in_edges(self, node_id):
+        """
+        Enumeration of all incoming edges for a given node.
+
+        Args:
+            node_id (int): label of considered node.
+
+        Returns:
+            List: corresponding incoming edges data.
+        """
+        return self._multi_graph.in_edges(node_id)
+
+    def get_out_edges(self, node_id):
+        """
+        Enumeration of all outgoing edges for a given node.
+
+        Args:
+            node_id (int): label of considered node.
+
+        Returns:
+            List: corresponding outgoing edges data.
+        """
+        return self._multi_graph.out_edges(node_id)
+
+    def direct_successors(self, node_id: int) -> list[int]:
+        """
+        Direct successors id of a given node as sorted list.
+
+        Args:
+            node_id (int): label of considered node.
+
+        Returns:
+            List: direct successors id as a sorted list
+        """
+        return sorted(self._multi_graph.adj_direction(node_id, False).keys())
+
+    def direct_predecessors(self, node_id):
+        """
+        Direct predecessors id of a given node as sorted list.
+
+        Args:
+            node_id (int): label of considered node.
+
+        Returns:
+            List: direct predecessors id as a sorted list
+        """
+        return sorted(self._multi_graph.adj_direction(node_id, True).keys())
+
+    def successors(self, node_id: int) -> list[int]:
+        """
+        Successors id of a given node as sorted list.
+
+        Args:
+            node_id (int): label of considered node.
+
+        Returns:
+            List: all successors id as a sorted list
+        """
+        return self._multi_graph.get_node_data(node_id).successors
+
+    def predecessors(self, node_id: int) -> list[int]:
+        """
+        Predecessors id of a given node as sorted list.
+
+        Args:
+            node_id (int): label of considered node.
+
+        Returns:
+            List: all predecessors id as a sorted list
+        """
+        return self._multi_graph.get_node_data(node_id).predecessors
+
+    def topological_nodes(self):
+        """
+        Yield nodes in topological order.
+
+        Returns:
+            generator(DAGNode): node in topological order.
+        """
+
+        def _key(x):
+            return x.sort_key
+
+        return iter(rx.lexicographical_topological_sort(self._multi_graph, key=_key))
+
+    def _create_op_node(self, operation, qargs, cargs):
+        """Creates a DAGDepNode to the graph and update the edges.
+
+        Args:
+            operation (qiskit.circuit.Operation): operation
+            qargs (list[~qiskit.circuit.Qubit]): list of qubits on which the operation acts
+            cargs (list[Clbit]): list of classical wires to attach to
+
+        Returns:
+            DAGDepNode: the newly added node.
+        """
+        directives = ["measure"]
+        if not getattr(operation, "_directive", False) and operation.name not in directives:
+            qindices_list = []
+            for elem in qargs:
+                qindices_list.append(self.qubits.index(elem))
+
+            if getattr(operation, "_condition", None):
+                # The change to handling operation.condition follows code patterns in quantum_circuit.py.
+                # However:
+                #   (1) cindices_list are specific to template optimization and should not be computed
+                #       in this place.
+                #   (2) Template optimization pass needs currently does not handle general conditions.
+                cond_bits = condition_resources(operation._condition).clbits
+                cindices_list = [self.clbits.index(clbit) for clbit in cond_bits]
+            else:
+                cindices_list = []
+        else:
+            qindices_list = []
+            cindices_list = []
+
+        new_node = DAGDepNode(
+            type="op",
+            op=operation,
+            name=operation.name,
+            qargs=qargs,
+            cargs=cargs,
+            successors=[],
+            predecessors=[],
+            qindices=qindices_list,
+            cindices=cindices_list,
+        )
+        return new_node
+
+    def add_op_node(self, operation, qargs, cargs):
+        """Add a DAGDepNode to the graph and update the edges.
+
+        Args:
+            operation (qiskit.circuit.Operation): operation as a quantum gate
+            qargs (list[~qiskit.circuit.Qubit]): list of qubits on which the operation acts
+            cargs (list[Clbit]): list of classical wires to attach to
+        """
+        new_node = self._create_op_node(operation, qargs, cargs)
+        self._add_multi_graph_node(new_node)
+        self._update_edges()
+
+    def _update_edges(self):
+        """
+        Updates DagDependency by adding edges to the newly added node (max_node)
+        from the previously added nodes.
+        For each previously added node (prev_node), an edge from prev_node to max_node
+        is added if max_node is "reachable" from prev_node (this means that the two
+        nodes can be made adjacent by commuting them with other nodes), but the two nodes
+        themselves do not commute.
+
+        Currently. this function is only used when creating a new DAGDependency from another
+        representation of a circuit, and hence there are no removed nodes (this is why
+        iterating over all nodes is fine).
+        """
+        max_node_id = len(self._multi_graph) - 1
+        max_node = self.get_node(max_node_id)
+
+        reachable = [True] * max_node_id
+
+        # Analyze nodes in the reverse topological order.
+        # An improvement to the original algorithm is to consider only direct predecessors
+        # and to avoid constructing the lists of forward and backward reachable predecessors
+        # for every node when not required.
+        for prev_node_id in range(max_node_id - 1, -1, -1):
+            if reachable[prev_node_id]:
+                prev_node = self.get_node(prev_node_id)
+
+                if not self.comm_checker.commute(
+                    prev_node.op,
+                    prev_node.qargs,
+                    prev_node.cargs,
+                    max_node.op,
+                    max_node.qargs,
+                    max_node.cargs,
+                ):
+                    # If prev_node and max_node do not commute, then we add an edge
+                    # between the two, and mark all direct predecessors of prev_node
+                    # as not reaching max_node.
+                    self._multi_graph.add_edge(prev_node_id, max_node_id, {"commute": False})
+
+                    predecessor_ids = self._multi_graph.predecessor_indices(prev_node_id)
+                    for predecessor_id in predecessor_ids:
+                        reachable[predecessor_id] = False
+            else:
+                # If prev_node cannot reach max_node, then none of its predecessors can
+                # reach max_node either.
+                predecessor_ids = self._multi_graph.predecessor_indices(prev_node_id)
+                for predecessor_id in predecessor_ids:
+                    reachable[predecessor_id] = False
+
+    def _add_successors(self):
+        """
+        Create the list of successors. Update DAGDependency 'successors' attribute. It has to
+        be used when the DAGDependency() object is complete (i.e. converters).
+        """
+        for node_id in range(len(self._multi_graph) - 1, -1, -1):
+            self._multi_graph.get_node_data(node_id).successors = list(
+                rx.descendants(self._multi_graph, node_id)
+            )
+
+    def _add_predecessors(self):
+        """
+        Create the list of predecessors for each node. Update DAGDependency
+        'predecessors' attribute. It has to be used when the DAGDependency() object
+        is complete (i.e. converters).
+        """
+        for node_id in range(0, len(self._multi_graph)):
+            self._multi_graph.get_node_data(node_id).predecessors = list(
+                rx.ancestors(self._multi_graph, node_id)
+            )
+
+    def copy(self):
+        """
+        Function to copy a DAGDependency object.
+        Returns:
+            DAGDependency: a copy of a DAGDependency object.
+        """
+
+        dag = DAGDependency()
+        dag.name = self.name
+        dag.cregs = self.cregs.copy()
+        dag.qregs = self.qregs.copy()
+
+        for node in self.get_nodes():
+            dag._multi_graph.add_node(node.copy())
+        for edges in self.get_all_edges():
+            dag._multi_graph.add_edge(edges[0], edges[1], edges[2])
+        return dag
+
+    def draw(self, scale=0.7, filename=None, style="color"):
+        """
+        Draws the DAGDependency graph.
+
+        This function needs `pydot <https://github.com/erocarrera/pydot>`, which in turn needs
+        Graphviz <https://www.graphviz.org/>` to be installed.
+
+        Args:
+            scale (float): scaling factor
+            filename (str): file path to save image to (format inferred from name)
+            style (str): 'plain': B&W graph
+                         'color' (default): color input/output/op nodes
+
+        Returns:
+            Ipython.display.Image: if in Jupyter notebook and not saving to file, otherwise None.
+        """
+        from qiskit.visualization.dag_visualization import dag_drawer
+
+        return dag_drawer(dag=self, scale=scale, filename=filename, style=style)
+
+    def replace_block_with_op(self, node_block, op, wire_pos_map, cycle_check=True):
+        """Replace a block of nodes with a single node.
+
+        This is used to consolidate a block of DAGDepNodes into a single
+        operation. A typical example is a block of CX and SWAP gates consolidated
+        into a LinearFunction. This function is an adaptation of a similar
+        function from DAGCircuit.
+
+        It is important that such consolidation preserves commutativity assumptions
+        present in DAGDependency. As an example, suppose that every node in a
+        block [A, B, C, D] commutes with another node E. Let F be the consolidated
+        node, F = A o B o C o D. Then F also commutes with E, and thus the result of
+        replacing [A, B, C, D] by F results in a valid DAGDependency. That is, any
+        deduction about commutativity in consolidated DAGDependency is correct.
+        On the other hand, suppose that at least one of the nodes, say B, does not commute
+        with E. Then the consolidated DAGDependency would imply that F does not commute
+        with E. Even though F and E may actually commute, it is still safe to assume that
+        they do not. That is, the current implementation of consolidation may lead to
+        suboptimal but not to incorrect results.
+
+        Args:
+            node_block (List[DAGDepNode]): A list of dag nodes that represents the
+                node block to be replaced
+            op (qiskit.circuit.Operation): The operation to replace the
+                block with
+            wire_pos_map (Dict[~qiskit.circuit.Qubit, int]): The dictionary mapping the qarg to
+                the position. This is necessary to reconstruct the qarg order
+                over multiple gates in the combined single op node.
+            cycle_check (bool): When set to True this method will check that
+                replacing the provided ``node_block`` with a single node
+                would introduce a cycle (which would invalidate the
+                ``DAGDependency``) and will raise a ``DAGDependencyError`` if a cycle
+                would be introduced. This checking comes with a run time
+                penalty. If you can guarantee that your input ``node_block`` is
+                a contiguous block and won't introduce a cycle when it's
+                contracted to a single node, this can be set to ``False`` to
+                improve the runtime performance of this method.
+        Raises:
+            DAGDependencyError: if ``cycle_check`` is set to ``True`` and replacing
+                the specified block introduces a cycle or if ``node_block`` is
+                empty.
+        """
+        block_qargs = set()
+        block_cargs = set()
+        block_ids = [x.node_id for x in node_block]
+
+        # If node block is empty return early
+        if not node_block:
+            raise DAGDependencyError("Can't replace an empty node_block")
+
+        for nd in node_block:
+            block_qargs |= set(nd.qargs)
+            block_cargs |= set(nd.cargs)
+            cond = getattr(nd.op, "_condition", None)
+            if cond is not None:
+                block_cargs.update(condition_resources(cond).clbits)
+
+        # Create replacement node
+        new_node = self._create_op_node(
+            op,
+            qargs=sorted(block_qargs, key=lambda x: wire_pos_map[x]),
+            cargs=sorted(block_cargs, key=lambda x: wire_pos_map[x]),
+        )
+
+        try:
+            new_node.node_id = self._multi_graph.contract_nodes(
+                block_ids, new_node, check_cycle=cycle_check
+            )
+        except rx.DAGWouldCycle as ex:
+            raise DAGDependencyError(
+                "Replacing the specified node block would introduce a cycle"
+            ) from ex
+
+
+def merge_no_duplicates(*iterables):
+    """Merge K list without duplicate using python heapq ordered merging
+
+    Args:
+        *iterables: A list of k sorted lists
+
+    Yields:
+        Iterator: List from the merging of the k ones (without duplicates
+    """
+    last = object()
+    for val in heapq.merge(*iterables):
+        if val != last:
+            last = val
+            yield val