pygeodesy 24.3.24__py2.py3-none-any.whl

pygeodesy/ellipsoidalBase.py

@@ -0,0 +1,1224 @@
+
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+u'''(INTERNAL) Private ellipsoidal base classes C{CartesianEllipsoidalBase}
+and C{LatLonEllipsoidalBase}.
+
+A pure Python implementation of geodesy tools for ellipsoidal earth models,
+transcoded in part from JavaScript originals by I{(C) Chris Veness 2005-2016}
+and published under the same MIT Licence**, see for example U{latlon-ellipsoidal
+<https://www.Movable-Type.co.UK/scripts/geodesy/docs/latlon-ellipsoidal.js.html>}.
+'''
+# make sure int/int division yields float quotient, see .basics
+from __future__ import division as _; del _  # PYCHOK semicolon
+
+# from pygeodesy.basics import _xinstanceof  # from .datums
+from pygeodesy.constants import EPS, EPS0, EPS1, _0_0, _0_5
+from pygeodesy.cartesianBase import CartesianBase  # PYCHOK used!
+from pygeodesy.datums import Datum, Datums, _earth_ellipsoid, _ellipsoidal_datum, \
+                             Transform, _WGS84,  _EWGS84, _xinstanceof  # _spherical_datum
+# from pygeodesy.ellipsoids import _EWGS84  # from .datums
+from pygeodesy.errors import _incompatible, _IsnotError, RangeError, _TypeError, \
+                             _ValueError, _xattr, _xellipsoidal, _xError, _xkwds, \
+                             _xkwds_not
+# from pygeodesy.fmath import favg  # _MODS
+from pygeodesy.interns import NN, _COMMA_, _ellipsoidal_
+from pygeodesy.latlonBase import LatLonBase, _trilaterate5,  fabs, _Wrap
+from pygeodesy.lazily import _ALL_DOCS, _ALL_LAZY, _ALL_MODS as _MODS
+# from pygeodesy.lcc import toLcc  # _MODS
+# from pygeodesy.named import notOverloaded  # _MODS
+# from pygeodesy.namedTuples import Vector3Tuple  # _MODS
+from pygeodesy.props import deprecated_method, deprecated_property_RO, \
+                            Property_RO, property_doc_, property_RO, _update_all
+# from pygeodesy.trf import _eT0Ds4  # _MODS
+from pygeodesy.units import Epoch, _isDegrees, Radius_, _1mm as _TOL_M
+# from pygeodesy.utily import _Wrap  # from .latlonBase
+
+# from math import fabs  # from .latlonBase
+
+__all__ = _ALL_LAZY.ellipsoidalBase
+__version__ = '24.03.09'
+
+
+class CartesianEllipsoidalBase(CartesianBase):
+    '''(INTERNAL) Base class for ellipsoidal C{Cartesian}s.
+    '''
+    _datum   = _WGS84  # L{Datum}
+    _epoch   =  None   # overriding .reframe.epoch (C{float})
+    _reframe =  None   # reference frame (L{RefFrame})
+
+    def __init__(self, x_xyz, y=None, z=None, datum=None, reframe=None,
+                                              epoch=None, ll=None, name=NN):
+        '''New ellispoidal C{Cartesian...}.
+
+           @kwarg reframe: Optional reference frame (L{RefFrame}).
+           @kwarg epoch: Optional epoch to observe for B{C{reframe}} (C{scalar}),
+                         a non-zero, fractional calendar year; silently ignored
+                         if C{B{reframe}=None}.
+
+           @raise TypeError: Non-scalar B{C{x_xyz}}, B{C{y}} or B{C{z}} coordinate
+                             or B{C{x_xyz}} not a C{Cartesian} L{Ecef9Tuple},
+                             L{Vector3Tuple} or L{Vector4Tuple} or B{C{datum}} is
+                             not a L{Datum}, B{C{reframe}} is not a L{RefFrame} or
+                             B{C{epoch}} is not C{scalar} non-zero.
+
+           @see: Super-class L{CartesianBase<CartesianBase.__init__>} for more details.
+        '''
+        CartesianBase.__init__(self, x_xyz, y=y, z=z, datum=datum, ll=ll, name=name)
+        if reframe:
+            self.reframe = reframe
+            self.epoch = epoch
+
+#   def __matmul__(self, other):  # PYCHOK Python 3.5+
+#       '''Return C{NotImplemented} for C{c_ = c @ datum}, C{c_ = c @ reframe} and C{c_ = c @ Transform}.
+#       '''
+#       RefFrame = _MODS.trf.RefFrame
+#       return NotImplemented if isinstance(other, (Datum, RefFrame, Transform)) else \
+#             _NotImplemented(self, other)
+
+    @deprecated_method
+    def convertRefFrame(self, reframe2, reframe, epoch=None):
+        '''DEPRECATED, use method L{toRefFrame}.'''
+        return self.toRefFrame(reframe2, reframe=reframe, epoch=epoch)
+
+    @property_RO
+    def ellipsoidalCartesian(self):
+        '''Get this C{Cartesian}'s ellipsoidal class.
+        '''
+        return type(self)
+
+    @property_doc_(''' this cartesian's observed or C{reframe} epoch (C{float}).''')
+    def epoch(self):
+        '''Get this cartesian's observed or C{reframe} epoch (C{Epoch}) or C{None}.
+        '''
+        return self._epoch or (self.reframe.epoch if self.reframe else None)
+
+    @epoch.setter  # PYCHOK setter!
+    def epoch(self, epoch):
+        '''Set or clear this cartesian's observed epoch, a fractional
+           calendar year (L{Epoch}, C{scalar} or C{str}) or C{None}.
+
+           @raise TRFError: Invalid B{C{epoch}}.
+        '''
+        self._epoch = None if epoch is None else Epoch(epoch)
+
+    def intersections2(self, radius, center2, radius2, sphere=True,
+                                                       Vector=None, **Vector_kwds):
+        '''Compute the intersection of two spheres or circles, each defined by a
+           cartesian center point and a radius.
+
+           @arg radius: Radius of this sphere or circle (same units as this point's
+                        coordinates).
+           @arg center2: Center of the second sphere or circle (C{Cartesian}, L{Vector3d},
+                         C{Vector3Tuple} or C{Vector4Tuple}).
+           @arg radius2: Radius of the second sphere or circle (same units as this and
+                         the B{C{other}} point's coordinates).
+           @kwarg sphere: If C{True} compute the center and radius of the intersection
+                          of two I{spheres}.  If C{False}, ignore the C{z}-component and
+                          compute the intersection of two I{circles} (C{bool}).
+           @kwarg Vector: Class to return intersections (C{Cartesian}, L{Vector3d} or
+                          C{Vector3Tuple}) or C{None} for an instance of this (sub-)class.
+           @kwarg Vector_kwds: Optional, additional B{C{Vector}} keyword arguments,
+                               ignored if C{B{Vector} is None}.
+
+           @return: If B{C{sphere}} is C{True}, a 2-tuple of the C{center} and C{radius}
+                    of the intersection of the I{spheres}.  The C{radius} is C{0.0} for
+                    abutting spheres (and the C{center} is aka the I{radical center}).
+
+                    If B{C{sphere}} is C{False}, a 2-tuple with the two intersection
+                    points of the I{circles}.  For abutting circles, both points are
+                    the same instance, aka the I{radical center}.
+
+           @raise IntersectionError: Concentric, invalid or non-intersecting spheres or circles.
+
+           @raise TypeError: Invalid B{C{center2}}.
+
+           @raise UnitError: Invalid B{C{radius}} or B{C{radius2}}.
+
+           @see: U{Sphere-Sphere<https://MathWorld.Wolfram.com/Sphere-SphereIntersection.html>},
+                 U{Circle-Circle<https://MathWorld.Wolfram.com/Circle-CircleIntersection.html>}
+                 Intersection and function L{pygeodesy.radical2}.
+        '''
+        try:
+            return _MODS.vector3d._intersects2(self, Radius_(radius=radius),
+                                            center2, Radius_(radius2=radius2),
+                                            sphere=sphere, clas=self.classof,
+                                            Vector=Vector, **Vector_kwds)
+        except (TypeError, ValueError) as x:
+            raise _xError(x, center=self, radius=radius, center2=center2, radius2=radius2)
+
+    @property_doc_(''' this cartesian's reference frame (L{RefFrame}).''')
+    def reframe(self):
+        '''Get this cartesian's reference frame (L{RefFrame}) or C{None}.
+        '''
+        return self._reframe
+
+    @reframe.setter  # PYCHOK setter!
+    def reframe(self, reframe):
+        '''Set or clear this cartesian's reference frame (L{RefFrame}) or C{None}.
+
+           @raise TypeError: The B{C{reframe}} is not a L{RefFrame}.
+        '''
+        _set_reframe(self, reframe)
+
+    def toLatLon(self, datum=None, height=None, **LatLon_and_kwds):  # PYCHOK signature
+        '''Convert this cartesian to a I{geodetic} (lat-/longitude) point.
+
+           @see: Method L{toLatLon<cartesianBase.CartesianBase.toLatLon>}
+                 for further details.
+        '''
+        kwds = LatLon_and_kwds
+        if kwds:
+            kwds = _xkwds(kwds, reframe=self.reframe, epoch=self.epoch)
+        return CartesianBase.toLatLon(self, datum=datum, height=height, **kwds)
+
+    def toRefFrame(self, reframe2, reframe=None, epoch=None, epoch2=None, name=NN):
+        '''Convert this point to an other reference frame and epoch.
+
+           @arg reframe2: Reference frame to convert I{to} (L{RefFrame}).
+           @kwarg reframe: Optional reference frame to convert I{from} (L{RefFrame}),
+                           overriding this point's reference frame.
+           @kwarg epoch: Optional epoch (L{Epoch}, C{scalar} or C{str}), overriding
+                         this point's C{epoch or B{reframe}.epoch}.
+           @kwarg epoch2: Optional epoch to observe for the converted point (L{Epoch},
+                          C{scalar} or C{str}), otherwise B{C{epoch}}.
+           @kwarg name: Optional name (C{str}), C{B{reframe2}.name} iff converted.
+
+           @return: The converted point (ellipsoidal C{Cartesian}) or if conversion
+                    C{isunity}, this point or a copy of this point if the B{C{name}}
+                    is non-empty.
+
+           @raise TRFError: This point's C{reframe} is not defined, invalid B{C{epoch}}
+                            or B{C{epoch2}} or conversion from this point's C{reframe}
+                            to B{C{reframe2}} is not available.
+
+           @raise TypeError: B{C{reframe2}} or B{C{reframe}} not a L{RefFrame}.
+        '''
+        return _MODS.trf._toRefFrame(self, reframe2, reframe=reframe, epoch=epoch,
+                                                      epoch2=epoch2, name=name)
+
+    @deprecated_method
+    def toTransforms_(self, *transforms, **datum):  # PYCHOK no cover
+        '''DEPRECATED on 2024.02.14, use method C{toTransform}.'''
+        r = self
+        for t in transforms:
+            r = r.toTransform(t)
+        return r.dup(**datum) if datum else r
+
+
+class LatLonEllipsoidalBase(LatLonBase):
+    '''(INTERNAL) Base class for ellipsoidal C{LatLon}s.
+    '''
+    _datum          = _WGS84  # L{Datum}
+    _elevation2to   =  None   # _elevation2 timeout (C{secs})
+    _epoch          =  None   # overriding .reframe.epoch (C{float})
+    _gamma          =  None   # UTM/UPS meridian convergence (C{degrees})
+    _geoidHeight2to =  None   # _geoidHeight2 timeout (C{secs})
+    _reframe        =  None   # reference frame (L{RefFrame})
+    _scale          =  None   # UTM/UPS scale factor (C{float})
+    _toLLEB_args    = ()      # Etm/Utm/Ups._toLLEB arguments
+
+    def __init__(self, latlonh, lon=None, height=0, datum=None, reframe=None,
+                                          epoch=None, wrap=False, name=NN):
+        '''Create an ellipsoidal C{LatLon} point from the given lat-, longitude
+           and height on the given datum, reference frame and epoch.
+
+           @arg latlonh: Latitude (C{degrees} or DMS C{str} with N or S suffix) or
+                         a previous C{LatLon} instance provided C{B{lon}=None}.
+           @kwarg lon: Longitude (C{degrees} or DMS C{str} with E or W suffix) or
+                       C(None), indicating B{C{latlonh}} is a C{LatLon}.
+           @kwarg height: Optional height above (or below) the earth surface
+                          (C{meter}, same units as the datum's ellipsoid axes).
+           @kwarg datum: Optional, ellipsoidal datum to use (L{Datum}, L{Ellipsoid},
+                         L{Ellipsoid2} or L{a_f2Tuple}).
+           @kwarg reframe: Optional reference frame (L{RefFrame}).
+           @kwarg epoch: Optional epoch to observe for B{C{reframe}} (C{scalar}),
+                         a non-zero, fractional calendar year; silently ignored
+                         if C{B{reframe}=None}.
+           @kwarg wrap: If C{True}, wrap or I{normalize} B{C{lat}} and B{C{lon}}
+                        (C{bool}).
+           @kwarg name: Optional name (C{str}).
+
+           @raise RangeError: Value of C{lat} or B{C{lon}} outside the valid
+                              range and L{rangerrors} set to C{True}.
+
+           @raise TypeError: If B{C{latlonh}} is not a C{LatLon}, B{C{datum}} is
+                             not a L{Datum}, B{C{reframe}} is not a L{RefFrame}
+                             or B{C{epoch}} is not C{scalar} non-zero.
+
+           @raise UnitError: Invalid B{C{lat}}, B{C{lon}} or B{C{height}}.
+        '''
+        LatLonBase.__init__(self, latlonh, lon=lon, height=height, wrap=wrap, name=name)
+        if datum not in (None, self._datum, _EWGS84):
+            self.datum = _ellipsoidal_datum(datum, name=name)
+        if reframe:
+            self.reframe = reframe
+            self.epoch = epoch
+
+#   def __matmul__(self, other):  # PYCHOK Python 3.5+
+#       '''Return C{NotImplemented} for C{ll_ = ll @ datum} and C{ll_ = ll @ reframe}.
+#       '''
+#       RefFrame = _MODS.trf.RefFrame
+#       return NotImplemented if isinstance(other, (Datum, RefFrame)) else \
+#             _NotImplemented(self, other)
+
+    def antipode(self, height=None):
+        '''Return the antipode, the point diametrically opposite
+           to this point.
+
+           @kwarg height: Optional height of the antipode, height
+                          of this point otherwise (C{meter}).
+
+           @return: The antipodal point (C{LatLon}).
+        '''
+        lla = LatLonBase.antipode(self, height=height)
+        if lla.datum != self.datum:
+            lla.datum = self.datum
+        return lla
+
+    @deprecated_property_RO
+    def convergence(self):
+        '''DEPRECATED, use property C{gamma}.'''
+        return self.gamma
+
+    @deprecated_method
+    def convertDatum(self, datum2):
+        '''DEPRECATED, use method L{toDatum}.'''
+        return self.toDatum(datum2)
+
+    @deprecated_method
+    def convertRefFrame(self, reframe2):
+        '''DEPRECATED, use method L{toRefFrame}.'''
+        return self.toRefFrame(reframe2)
+
+    @Property_RO
+    def _css(self):
+        '''(INTERNAL) Get this C{LatLon} point as a Cassini-Soldner location (L{Css}).
+        '''
+        css = _MODS.css
+        return css.toCss(self, height=self.height, Css=css.Css, name=self.name)
+
+    @property_doc_(''' this points's datum (L{Datum}).''')
+    def datum(self):
+        '''Get this point's datum (L{Datum}).
+        '''
+        return self._datum
+
+    @datum.setter  # PYCHOK setter!
+    def datum(self, datum):
+        '''Set this point's datum I{without conversion} (L{Datum}).
+
+           @raise TypeError: The B{C{datum}} is not a L{Datum}
+                             or not ellipsoidal.
+        '''
+        _xinstanceof(Datum, datum=datum)
+        if not datum.isEllipsoidal:
+            raise _IsnotError(_ellipsoidal_, datum=datum)
+        if self._datum != datum:
+            _update_all(self)
+            self._datum = datum
+
+    def distanceTo2(self, other, wrap=False):
+        '''I{Approximate} the distance and (initial) bearing between this
+           and an other (ellipsoidal) point based on the radii of curvature.
+
+           I{Suitable only for short distances up to a few hundred Km
+           or Miles and only between points not near-polar}.
+
+           @arg other: The other point (C{LatLon}).
+           @kwarg wrap: If C{True}, wrap or I{normalize} the B{C{other}}
+                        point (C{bool}).
+
+           @return: An L{Distance2Tuple}C{(distance, initial)}.
+
+           @raise TypeError: The B{C{other}} point is not C{LatLon}.
+
+           @raise ValueError: Incompatible datum ellipsoids.
+
+           @see: Method L{Ellipsoid.distance2} and U{Local, flat earth
+                 approximation<https://www.EdWilliams.org/avform.htm#flat>}
+                 aka U{Hubeny<https://www.OVG.AT/de/vgi/files/pdf/3781/>}
+                 formula.
+        '''
+        p = self.others(other)
+        if wrap:
+            p = _Wrap.point(p)
+        E = self.ellipsoids(other)
+        return E.distance2(*(self.latlon + p.latlon))
+
+    @Property_RO
+    def _elevation2(self):
+        '''(INTERNAL) Get elevation and data source.
+        '''
+        return _MODS.elevations.elevation2(self.lat, self.lon,
+                                           timeout=self._elevation2to)
+
+    def elevation2(self, adjust=True, datum=None, timeout=2):
+        '''Return elevation of this point for its or the given datum, ellipsoid
+           or sphere.
+
+           @kwarg adjust: Adjust the elevation for a B{C{datum}} other than
+                          C{NAD83} (C{bool}).
+           @kwarg datum: Optional datum overriding this point's datum (L{Datum},
+                         L{Ellipsoid}, L{Ellipsoid2}, L{a_f2Tuple} or C{scalar}
+                         radius).
+           @kwarg timeout: Optional query timeout (C{seconds}).
+
+           @return: An L{Elevation2Tuple}C{(elevation, data_source)} or
+                    C{(None, error)} in case of errors.
+
+           @note: The adjustment applied is the difference in geocentric earth
+                  radius between the B{C{datum}} and C{NAV83} upon which the
+                  L{elevations.elevation2} is based.
+
+           @note: NED elevation is only available for locations within the U{Conterminous
+                  US (CONUS)<https://WikiPedia.org/wiki/Contiguous_United_States>}.
+
+           @see: Function L{elevations.elevation2} and method C{Ellipsoid.Rgeocentric}
+                 for further details and possible C{error}s.
+        '''
+        if self._elevation2to != timeout:
+            self._elevation2to = timeout
+            LatLonEllipsoidalBase._elevation2._update(self)
+        return self._Radjust2(adjust, datum, self._elevation2)
+
+    def ellipsoid(self, datum=_WGS84):
+        '''Return the ellipsoid of this point's datum or the given datum.
+
+           @kwarg datum: Default datum (L{Datum}).
+
+           @return: The ellipsoid (L{Ellipsoid} or L{Ellipsoid2}).
+        '''
+        return _xattr(self, datum=datum).ellipsoid
+
+    @property_RO
+    def ellipsoidalLatLon(self):
+        '''Get this C{LatLon}'s ellipsoidal class.
+        '''
+        return type(self)
+
+    def ellipsoids(self, other):
+        '''Check the type and ellipsoid of this and an other point's datum.
+
+           @arg other: The other point (C{LatLon}).
+
+           @return: This point's datum ellipsoid (L{Ellipsoid} or L{Ellipsoid2}).
+
+           @raise TypeError: The B{C{other}} point is not C{LatLon}.
+
+           @raise ValueError: Incompatible datum ellipsoids.
+        '''
+        self.others(other, up=2)  # ellipsoids' caller
+
+        E = self.ellipsoid()
+        try:  # other may be Sphere, etc.
+            e = other.ellipsoid()
+        except AttributeError:
+            try:  # no ellipsoid method, try datum
+                e = other.datum.ellipsoid
+            except AttributeError:
+                e = E  # no datum, XXX assume equivalent?
+        if e != E:
+            raise _ValueError(e.named2, txt=_incompatible(E.named2))
+        return E
+
+    @property_doc_(''' this point's observed or C{reframe} epoch (C{float}).''')
+    def epoch(self):
+        '''Get this point's observed or C{reframe} epoch (L{Epoch}) or C{None}.
+        '''
+        return self._epoch or (self.reframe.epoch if self.reframe else None)
+
+    @epoch.setter  # PYCHOK setter!
+    def epoch(self, epoch):
+        '''Set or clear this point's observed epoch, a fractional
+           calendar year (L{Epoch}, C{scalar} or C{str}) or C{None}.
+
+           @raise TRFError: Invalid B{C{epoch}}.
+        '''
+        self._epoch = None if epoch is None else Epoch(epoch)
+
+    @Property_RO
+    def Equidistant(self):
+        '''Get the prefered azimuthal equidistant projection I{class} (L{EquidistantKarney} or L{EquidistantExact}).
+        '''
+        try:
+            _ = self.datum.ellipsoid.geodesic
+            return _MODS.azimuthal.EquidistantKarney
+        except ImportError:  # no geographiclib
+            return _MODS.azimuthal.EquidistantExact  # XXX no longer L{azimuthal.Equidistant}
+
+    @Property_RO
+    def _etm(self):
+        '''(INTERNAL) Get this C{LatLon} point as an ETM coordinate (L{pygeodesy.toEtm8}).
+        '''
+        etm = _MODS.etm
+        return etm.toEtm8(self, datum=self.datum, Etm=etm.Etm)
+
+    @property_RO
+    def gamma(self):
+        '''Get this point's UTM or UPS meridian convergence (C{degrees}) or
+           C{None} if not available or not converted from L{Utm} or L{Ups}.
+        '''
+        return self._gamma
+
+    @Property_RO
+    def _geoidHeight2(self):
+        '''(INTERNAL) Get geoid height and model.
+        '''
+        return _MODS.elevations.geoidHeight2(self.lat, self.lon, model=0,
+                                             timeout=self._geoidHeight2to)
+
+    def geoidHeight2(self, adjust=False, datum=None, timeout=2):
+        '''Return geoid height of this point for its or the given datum, ellipsoid
+           or sphere.
+
+           @kwarg adjust: Adjust the geoid height for a B{C{datum}} other than
+                          C{NAD83/NADV88} (C{bool}).
+           @kwarg datum: Optional datum overriding this point's datum (L{Datum},
+                         L{Ellipsoid}, L{Ellipsoid2}, L{a_f2Tuple} or C{scalar}
+                         radius).
+           @kwarg timeout: Optional query timeout (C{seconds}).
+
+           @return: A L{GeoidHeight2Tuple}C{(height, model_name)} or
+                    C{(None, error)} in case of errors.
+
+           @note: The adjustment applied is the difference in geocentric earth
+                  radius between the B{C{datum}} and C{NAV83/NADV88} upon which
+                  the L{elevations.geoidHeight2} is based.
+
+           @note: The geoid height is only available for locations within the U{Conterminous
+                  US (CONUS)<https://WikiPedia.org/wiki/Contiguous_United_States>}.
+
+           @see: Function L{elevations.geoidHeight2} and method C{Ellipsoid.Rgeocentric}
+                 for further details and possible C{error}s.
+        '''
+        if self._geoidHeight2to != timeout:
+            self._geoidHeight2to = timeout
+            LatLonEllipsoidalBase._geoidHeight2._update(self)
+        return self._Radjust2(adjust, datum, self._geoidHeight2)
+
+    def intermediateTo(self, other, fraction, height=None, wrap=False):  # PYCHOK no cover
+        '''I{Must be overloaded}.'''
+        _MODS.named.notOverloaded(self, other, fraction, height=height, wrap=wrap)
+
+    def intersection3(self, end1, other, end2, height=None, wrap=False,  # was=True
+                                          equidistant=None, tol=_TOL_M):
+        '''I{Iteratively} compute the intersection point of two lines, each
+           defined by two points or a start point and bearing from North.
+
+           @arg end1: End point of this line (C{LatLon}) or the initial
+                      bearing at this point (compass C{degrees360}).
+           @arg other: Start point of the other line (C{LatLon}).
+           @arg end2: End point of the other line (C{LatLon}) or the initial
+                      bearing at the other point (compass C{degrees360}).
+           @kwarg height: Optional height at the intersection (C{meter},
+                          conventionally) or C{None} for the mean height.
+           @kwarg wrap: If C{True}, wrap or I{normalize} and unroll the
+                        B{C{other}} and B{C{end*}} points (C{bool}).
+           @kwarg equidistant: An azimuthal equidistant projection (I{class} or
+                               function L{pygeodesy.equidistant}), or C{None}
+                               for this point's preferred C{.Equidistant}.
+           @kwarg tol: Tolerance for convergence and skew line distance and
+                       length (C{meter}, conventionally).
+
+           @return: An L{Intersection3Tuple}C{(point, outside1, outside2)}
+                    with C{point} a C{LatLon} instance.
+
+           @raise ImportError: Package U{geographiclib
+                               <https://PyPI.org/project/geographiclib>}
+                               not installed or not found, but only if
+                               C{B{equidistant}=}L{EquidistantKarney}.
+
+           @raise IntersectionError: Skew, colinear, parallel or otherwise
+                                     non-intersecting lines or no convergence
+                                     for the given B{C{tol}}.
+
+           @raise TypeError: If B{C{end1}}, B{C{other}} or B{C{end2}} point
+                             is not C{LatLon}.
+
+           @note: For each line specified with an initial bearing, a pseudo-end
+                  point is computed as the C{destination} along that bearing at
+                  about 1.5 times the distance from the start point to an initial
+                  gu-/estimate of the intersection point (and between 1/8 and 3/8
+                  of the authalic earth perimeter).
+
+           @see: I{Karney's} U{intersect.cpp<https://SourceForge.net/p/geographiclib/
+                 discussion/1026621/thread/21aaff9f/>}, U{The B{ellipsoidal} case<https://
+                 GIS.StackExchange.com/questions/48937/calculating-intersection-of-two-circles>}
+                 and U{Karney's paper<https://ArXiv.org/pdf/1102.1215.pdf>}, pp 20-21, section
+                 B{14. MARITIME BOUNDARIES} for more details about the iteration algorithm.
+        '''
+        try:
+            s2 = self.others(other)
+            return _MODS.ellipsoidalBaseDI._intersect3(self, end1,
+                                                       s2,   end2,
+                                                       height=height, wrap=wrap,
+                                                       equidistant=equidistant, tol=tol,
+                                                       LatLon=self.classof, datum=self.datum)
+        except (TypeError, ValueError) as x:
+            raise _xError(x, start1=self, end1=end1, other=other, end2=end2,
+                                          height=height, wrap=wrap, tol=tol)
+
+    def intersections2(self, radius1, other, radius2, height=None, wrap=False,  # was=True
+                                                 equidistant=None, tol=_TOL_M):
+        '''I{Iteratively} compute the intersection points of two circles,
+           each defined by a center point and a radius.
+
+           @arg radius1: Radius of this circle (C{meter}, conventionally).
+           @arg other: Center of the other circle (C{LatLon}).
+           @arg radius2: Radius of the other circle (C{meter}, same units as
+                         B{C{radius1}}).
+           @kwarg height: Optional height for the intersection points (C{meter},
+                          conventionally) or C{None} for the I{"radical height"}
+                          at the I{radical line} between both centers.
+           @kwarg wrap: If C{True}, wrap or I{normalize} and unroll the B{C{other}}
+                        center (C{bool}).
+           @kwarg equidistant: An azimuthal equidistant projection (I{class} or
+                               function L{pygeodesy.equidistant}) or C{None}
+                               for this point's preferred C{.Equidistant}.
+           @kwarg tol: Convergence tolerance (C{meter}, same units as
+                       B{C{radius1}} and B{C{radius2}}).
+
+           @return: 2-Tuple of the intersection points, each a C{LatLon}
+                    instance.  For abutting circles, both intersection
+                    points are the same instance, aka the I{radical center}.
+
+           @raise ImportError: Package U{geographiclib
+                               <https://PyPI.org/project/geographiclib>}
+                               not installed or not found, but only if
+                               C{B{equidistant}=}L{EquidistantKarney}.
+
+           @raise IntersectionError: Concentric, antipodal, invalid or
+                                     non-intersecting circles or no
+                                     convergence for the given B{C{tol}}.
+
+           @raise TypeError: Invalid B{C{other}} or B{C{equidistant}}.
+
+           @raise UnitError: Invalid B{C{radius1}}, B{C{radius2}} or B{C{height}}.
+
+           @see: U{The B{ellipsoidal} case<https://GIS.StackExchange.com/questions/48937/
+                 calculating-intersection-of-two-circles>}, U{Karney's paper
+                 <https://ArXiv.org/pdf/1102.1215.pdf>}, pp 20-21, section B{14. MARITIME BOUNDARIES},
+                 U{circle-circle<https://MathWorld.Wolfram.com/Circle-CircleIntersection.html>} and
+                 U{sphere-sphere<https://MathWorld.Wolfram.com/Sphere-SphereIntersection.html>}
+                 intersections.
+        '''
+        try:
+            c2 = self.others(other)
+            return _MODS.ellipsoidalBaseDI._intersections2(self, radius1,
+                                                           c2,   radius2,
+                                                           height=height, wrap=wrap,
+                                                           equidistant=equidistant, tol=tol,
+                                                           LatLon=self.classof, datum=self.datum)
+        except (AssertionError, TypeError, ValueError) as x:
+            raise _xError(x, center=self, radius1=radius1, other=other, radius2=radius2,
+                                          height=height, wrap=wrap, tol=tol)
+
+    def isenclosedBy(self, points, wrap=False):
+        '''Check whether a polygon or composite encloses this point.
+
+           @arg points: The polygon points or clips (C{LatLon}[],
+                        L{BooleanFHP} or L{BooleanGH}).
+           @kwarg wrap: If C{True}, wrap or I{normalize} and unroll the
+                        B{C{points}} (C{bool}).
+
+           @return: C{True} if this point is inside the polygon or composite,
+                    C{False} otherwise.
+
+           @raise PointsError: Insufficient number of B{C{points}}.
+
+           @raise TypeError: Some B{C{points}} are not C{LatLon}.
+
+           @raise ValueError: Invalid B{C{point}}, lat- or longitude.
+
+           @see: Functions L{pygeodesy.isconvex}, L{pygeodesy.isenclosedBy}
+                 and L{pygeodesy.ispolar} especially if the B{C{points}} may
+                 enclose a pole or wrap around the earth I{longitudinally}.
+        '''
+        return _MODS.points.isenclosedBy(self, points, wrap=wrap)
+
+    @property_RO
+    def iteration(self):
+        '''Get the most recent C{intersections2} or C{nearestOn} iteration
+           number (C{int}) or C{None} if not available/applicable.
+        '''
+        return self._iteration
+
+    @Property_RO
+    def _lcc(self):
+        '''(INTERNAL) Get this C{LatLon} point as a Lambert location (L{Lcc}).
+        '''
+        lcc = _MODS.lcc
+        return lcc.toLcc(self, height=self.height, Lcc=lcc.Lcc, name=self.name)
+
+    def midpointTo(self, other, height=None, fraction=_0_5, wrap=False):
+        '''Find the midpoint on a geodesic between this and an other point.
+
+           @arg other: The other point (C{LatLon}).
+           @kwarg height: Optional height for midpoint, overriding the
+                          mean height (C{meter}).
+           @kwarg fraction: Midpoint location from this point (C{scalar}),
+                            may be negative or greater than 1.0.
+           @kwarg wrap: If C{True}, wrap or I{normalize} and unroll the
+                        B{C{other}} point (C{bool}).
+
+           @return: Midpoint (C{LatLon}).
+
+           @raise TypeError: The B{C{other}} point is not C{LatLon}.
+
+           @raise ValueError: Invalid B{C{height}}.
+
+           @see: Methods C{intermediateTo} and C{rhumbMidpointTo}.
+        '''
+        return self.intermediateTo(other, fraction, height=height, wrap=wrap)
+
+    def nearestOn(self, point1, point2, within=True, height=None, wrap=False,  # was=True
+                                        equidistant=None, tol=_TOL_M):
+        '''I{Iteratively} locate the closest point on the geodesic between
+           two other (ellipsoidal) points.
+
+           @arg point1: Start point (C{LatLon}).
+           @arg point2: End point (C{LatLon}).
+           @kwarg within: If C{True} return the closest point I{between}
+                          B{C{point1}} and B{C{point2}}, otherwise the
+                          closest point elsewhere on the geodesic (C{bool}).
+           @kwarg height: Optional height for the closest point (C{meter},
+                          conventionally) or C{None} or C{False} for the
+                          interpolated height.  If C{False}, the closest
+                          takes the heights of the points into account.
+           @kwarg wrap: If C{True}, wrap or I{normalize} and unroll both
+                        B{C{point1}} and B{C{point2}} (C{bool}).
+           @kwarg equidistant: An azimuthal equidistant projection (I{class} or
+                               function L{pygeodesy.equidistant}) or C{None}
+                               for this point's preferred C{.Equidistant}.
+           @kwarg tol: Convergence tolerance (C{meter}, conventionally).
+
+           @return: Closest point (C{LatLon}).
+
+           @raise ImportError: Package U{geographiclib
+                               <https://PyPI.org/project/geographiclib>}
+                               not installed or not found, but only if
+                               C{B{equidistant}=}L{EquidistantKarney}.
+
+           @raise TypeError: Invalid B{C{point1}}, B{C{point2}} or
+                             B{C{equidistant}}.
+
+           @raise ValueError: Datum or ellipsoid of B{C{point1}} or B{C{point2}} is
+                              incompatible or no convergence for the given B{C{tol}}.
+
+           @see: I{Karney}'s U{intercept.cpp<https://SourceForge.net/p/geographiclib/
+                 discussion/1026621/thread/21aaff9f/>}, U{The B{ellipsoidal} case<https://
+                 GIS.StackExchange.com/questions/48937/calculating-intersection-of-two-circles>}
+                 and U{Karney's paper<https://ArXiv.org/pdf/1102.1215.pdf>}, pp 20-21, section
+                 B{14. MARITIME BOUNDARIES} for details about the iteration algorithm.
+        '''
+        try:
+            t = _MODS.ellipsoidalBaseDI._nearestOn2(self, point1, point2, within=within,
+                                                          height=height, wrap=wrap,
+                                                          equidistant=equidistant,
+                                                          tol=tol, LatLon=self.classof)
+        except (TypeError, ValueError) as x:
+            raise _xError(x, point=self, point1=point1, point2=point2, within=within,
+                                         height=height, wrap=wrap, tol=tol)
+        return t.closest
+
+    @Property_RO
+    def _osgr(self):
+        '''(INTERNAL) Get this C{LatLon} point as an OSGR coordinate (L{Osgr}),
+           based on the OS recommendation.
+        '''
+        return _MODS.osgr.toOsgr(self, kTM=False, name=self.name)  # datum=self.datum
+
+    @Property_RO
+    def _osgrTM(self):
+        '''(INTERNAL) Get this C{LatLon} point as an OSGR coordinate (L{Osgr})
+           based on I{Karney}'s Krüger implementation.
+        '''
+        return _MODS.osgr.toOsgr(self, kTM=True, name=self.name)  # datum=self.datum
+
+    def parse(self, strllh, height=0, datum=None, epoch=None, reframe=None,
+                                        sep=_COMMA_, wrap=False, name=NN):
+        '''Parse a string consisting of C{"lat, lon[, height]"},
+           representing a similar, ellipsoidal C{LatLon} point.
+
+           @arg strllh: Lat, lon and optional height (C{str}),
+                        see function L{pygeodesy.parse3llh}.
+           @kwarg height: Optional, default height (C{meter} or
+                          C{None}).
+           @kwarg datum: Optional datum (L{Datum}), overriding this
+                         datum I{without conversion}.
+           @kwarg epoch: Optional datum (L{Epoch}), overriding this
+                         epoch I{without conversion}.
+           @kwarg reframe: Optional datum (L{RefFrame}), overriding
+                           this reframe I{without conversion}.
+           @kwarg sep: Optional separator (C{str}).
+           @kwarg wrap: If C{True}, wrap or I{normalize} the lat-
+                        and longitude (C{bool}).
+           @kwarg name: Optional instance name (C{str}), overriding
+                        this name.
+
+           @return: The similar point (ellipsoidal C{LatLon}).
+
+           @raise ParseError: Invalid B{C{strllh}}.
+        '''
+        a, b, h = _MODS.dms.parse3llh(strllh, height=height, sep=sep, wrap=wrap)
+        r = self.classof(a, b, height=h, datum=self.datum)
+        if datum not in (None, self.datum):
+            r.datum = datum
+        if epoch not in (None, self.epoch):
+            r.epoch = epoch
+        if reframe not in (None, self.reframe):
+            r.reframe = reframe
+        return self._xnamed(r, name=name, force=True) if name else r
+
+    def _Radjust2(self, adjust, datum, meter_text2):
+        '''(INTERNAL) Adjust an C{elevation} or C{geoidHeight} with
+           difference in Gaussian radii of curvature of the given
+           datum and NAD83 ellipsoids at this point's latitude.
+
+           @note: This is an arbitrary, possibly incorrect adjustment.
+        '''
+        if adjust:  # Elevation2Tuple or GeoidHeight2Tuple
+            m, t = meter_text2
+            if isinstance(m, float) and fabs(m) > EPS:
+                n = Datums.NAD83.ellipsoid.rocGauss(self.lat)
+                if n > EPS0:
+                    # use ratio, datum and NAD83 units may differ
+                    E = self.ellipsoid() if datum in (None, self.datum) else \
+                      _earth_ellipsoid(datum)
+                    r = E.rocGauss(self.lat)
+                    if r > EPS0 and fabs(r - n) > EPS:  # EPS1
+                        m *= r / n
+                        meter_text2 = meter_text2.classof(m, t)
+        return self._xnamed(meter_text2)
+
+    @property_doc_(''' this point's reference frame (L{RefFrame}).''')
+    def reframe(self):
+        '''Get this point's reference frame (L{RefFrame}) or C{None}.
+        '''
+        return self._reframe
+
+    @reframe.setter  # PYCHOK setter!
+    def reframe(self, reframe):
+        '''Set or clear this point's reference frame (L{RefFrame}) or C{None}.
+
+           @raise TypeError: The B{C{reframe}} is not a L{RefFrame}.
+        '''
+        _set_reframe(self, reframe)
+
+    @Property_RO
+    def scale(self):
+        '''Get this point's UTM grid or UPS point scale factor (C{float})
+           or C{None} if not converted from L{Utm} or L{Ups}.
+        '''
+        return self._scale
+
+    def toCartesian(self, height=None, **Cartesian_and_kwds):  # PYCHOK signature
+        '''Convert this point to cartesian, I{geocentric} coordinates,
+           also known as I{Earth-Centered, Earth-Fixed} (ECEF).
+
+           @see: Method L{toCartesian<latlonBase.LatLonBase.toCartesian>}
+                 for further details.
+        '''
+        kwds = Cartesian_and_kwds
+        if kwds:
+            kwds = _xkwds(kwds, reframe=self.reframe, epoch=self.epoch)
+        return LatLonBase.toCartesian(self, height=height, **kwds)
+
+    def toCss(self, **toCss_kwds):
+        '''Convert this C{LatLon} point to a Cassini-Soldner location.
+
+           @kwarg toCss_kwds: Optional L{pygeodesy.toCss} keyword arguments.
+
+           @return: The Cassini-Soldner location (L{Css}).
+
+           @see: Function L{pygeodesy.toCss}.
+        '''
+        return self._css if not toCss_kwds else _MODS.css.toCss(
+               self, **_xkwds(toCss_kwds, name=self.name))
+
+    def toDatum(self, datum2, height=None, name=NN):
+        '''Convert this point to an other datum.
+
+           @arg datum2: Datum to convert I{to} (L{Datum}).
+           @kwarg height: Optional height, overriding the
+                          converted height (C{meter}).
+           @kwarg name: Optional name (C{str}), iff converted.
+
+           @return: The converted point (ellipsoidal C{LatLon})
+                    or a copy of this point if B{C{datum2}}
+                    matches this point's C{datum}.
+
+           @raise TypeError: Invalid B{C{datum2}}.
+        '''
+        n  =  name or self.name
+        d2 = _ellipsoidal_datum(datum2, name=n)
+        if self.datum == d2:
+            r = self.copy(name=name)
+        else:
+            kwds = _xkwds_not(None, LatLon=self.classof, name=n,
+                                    epoch=self.epoch, reframe=self.reframe)
+            c = self.toCartesian().toDatum(d2)
+            r = c.toLatLon(datum=d2, height=height, **kwds)
+        return r
+
+    def toEtm(self, **toEtm8_kwds):
+        '''Convert this C{LatLon} point to an ETM coordinate.
+
+           @kwarg toEtm8_kwds: Optional L{pygeodesy.toEtm8} keyword arguments.
+
+           @return: The ETM coordinate (L{Etm}).
+
+           @see: Function L{pygeodesy.toEtm8}.
+        '''
+        return self._etm if not toEtm8_kwds else _MODS.etm.toEtm8(
+               self, **_xkwds(toEtm8_kwds, name=self.name))
+
+    def toLcc(self, **toLcc_kwds):
+        '''Convert this C{LatLon} point to a Lambert location.
+
+           @kwarg toLcc_kwds: Optional L{pygeodesy.toLcc} keyword arguments.
+
+           @return: The Lambert location (L{Lcc}).
+
+           @see: Function L{pygeodesy.toLcc}.
+        '''
+        return self._lcc if not toLcc_kwds else _MODS.lcc.toLcc(
+               self, **_xkwds(toLcc_kwds, name=self.name))
+
+    def toMgrs(self, center=False, pole=NN):
+        '''Convert this C{LatLon} point to an MGRS coordinate.
+
+           @kwarg center: If C{True}, try to I{un}-center MGRS
+                          to its C{lowerleft} (C{bool}) or by
+                          C{B{center} meter} (C{scalar}).
+           @kwarg pole: Optional top/center for the MGRS UPS
+                        projection (C{str}, 'N[orth]' or 'S[outh]').
+
+           @return: The MGRS coordinate (L{Mgrs}).
+
+           @see: Method L{toUtmUps} and L{Mgrs.toLatLon}.
+        '''
+        return self.toUtmUps(center=center, pole=pole).toMgrs(center=False)
+
+    def toOsgr(self, kTM=False, **toOsgr_kwds):
+        '''Convert this C{LatLon} point to an OSGR coordinate.
+
+           @kwarg kTM: If C{True} use I{Karney}'s Krüger method from module
+                       L{ktm}, otherwise I{Ordinance Survery}'s recommended
+                       formulation (C{bool}).
+           @kwarg toOsgr_kwds: Optional L{pygeodesy.toOsgr} keyword arguments.
+
+           @return: The OSGR coordinate (L{Osgr}).
+
+           @see: Function L{pygeodesy.toOsgr}.
+        '''
+        if toOsgr_kwds:
+            r = _MODS.osgr.toOsgr(self, kTM=kTM, **_xkwds(toOsgr_kwds, name=self.name))
+        else:
+            r =  self._osgrTM if kTM else self._osgr
+        return r
+
+    def toRefFrame(self, reframe2, reframe=None, epoch=None, epoch2=None, height=None, name=NN):
+        '''Convert this point to an other reference frame and epoch.
+
+           @arg reframe2: Reference frame to convert I{to} (L{RefFrame}).
+           @kwarg reframe: Optional reference frame to convert I{from} (L{RefFrame}),
+                           overriding this point's reference frame.
+           @kwarg epoch: Optional epoch (L{Epoch}, C{scalar} or C{str}), overriding
+                         this point's C{epoch or B{reframe}.epoch}.
+           @kwarg epoch2: Optional epoch to observe for the converted point (L{Epoch},
+                          C{scalar} or C{str}), otherwise B{C{epoch}}.
+           @kwarg height: Optional height, overriding the converted height (C{meter}).
+           @kwarg name: Optional name (C{str}), C{B{reframe2}.name} iff converted.
+
+           @return: The converted point (ellipsoidal C{LatLon}) or if conversion
+                    C{isunity}, this point or a copy of this point if the B{C{name}}
+                    is non-empty.
+
+           @raise TRFError: This point's C{reframe} is not defined, invalid B{C{epoch}}
+                            or B{C{epoch2}} or conversion from this point's C{reframe}
+                            to B{C{reframe2}} is not available.
+
+           @raise TypeError: B{C{reframe2}} or B{C{reframe}} not a L{RefFrame}.
+        '''
+        return _MODS.trf._toRefFrame(self, reframe2, reframe=reframe, epoch=epoch,
+                                           epoch2=epoch2, name=name, height=height)
+
+    def toTransform(self, transform, inverse=False, datum=None, **LatLon_kwds):
+        '''Apply a Helmert transform to this geodetic point.
+
+           @arg transform: Transform to apply (L{Transform} or L{TransformXform}).
+           @kwarg inverse: Apply the inverse of the Helmert transform (C{bool}).
+           @kwarg datum: Datum for the transformed point (L{Datum}), overriding
+                         this point's datum but I{not} taken it into account.
+           @kwarg LatLon_kwds: Optional keyword arguments for the transformed
+                               point, like C{B{height}=...}.
+
+           @return: A transformed point (C{LatLon}) or a copy of this point if
+                    C{B{transform}.isunity}.
+
+           @raise TypeError: Invalid B{C{transform}}.
+        '''
+        _xinstanceof(Transform, transform=transform)
+        d = datum or self.datum
+        if transform.isunity:
+            r = self.dup(datum=d, **LatLon_kwds)
+        else:
+            c = self.toCartesian()
+            c = c.toTransform(transform, inverse=inverse, datum=d)
+            r = c.toLatLon(LatLon=self.classof, **_xkwds(LatLon_kwds, height=self.height))
+        return r
+
+    def toUps(self, pole=NN, falsed=True, center=False):
+        '''Convert this C{LatLon} point to a UPS coordinate.
+
+           @kwarg pole: Optional top/center of (stereographic)
+                        projection (C{str}, 'N[orth]' or 'S[outh]').
+           @kwarg falsed: False easting and northing (C{bool}).
+           @kwarg center: If C{True}, I{un}-center the UPS
+                          to its C{lowerleft} (C{bool}) or
+                          by C{B{center} meter} (C{scalar}).
+
+           @return: The UPS coordinate (L{Ups}).
+
+           @see: Function L{pygeodesy.toUps8}.
+        '''
+        if self._upsOK(pole, falsed):
+            u = self._ups
+        else:
+            ups = _MODS.ups
+            u = ups.toUps8(self, datum=self.datum, Ups=ups.Ups,
+                                 pole=pole, falsed=falsed)
+        return _lowerleft(u, center)
+
+    def toUtm(self, center=False):
+        '''Convert this C{LatLon} point to a UTM coordinate.
+
+           @kwarg center: If C{True}, I{un}-center the UTM
+                          to its C{lowerleft} (C{bool}) or
+                          by C{B{center} meter} (C{scalar}).
+
+           @return: The UTM coordinate (L{Utm}).
+
+           @see: Method L{Mgrs.toUtm} and function L{pygeodesy.toUtm8}.
+        '''
+        return _lowerleft(self._utm, center)
+
+    def toUtmUps(self, pole=NN, center=False):
+        '''Convert this C{LatLon} point to a UTM or UPS coordinate.
+
+           @kwarg pole: Optional top/center of UPS (stereographic)
+                        projection (C{str}, 'N[orth]' or 'S[outh]').
+           @kwarg center: If C{True}, I{un}-center the UTM or UPS to
+                          its C{lowerleft} (C{bool}) or by C{B{center}
+                          meter} (C{scalar}).
+
+           @return: The UTM or UPS coordinate (L{Utm} or L{Ups}).
+
+           @see: Function L{pygeodesy.toUtmUps8}.
+        '''
+        if self._utmOK():
+            u = self._utm
+        elif self._upsOK(pole):
+            u = self._ups
+        else:  # no cover
+            utmups = _MODS.utmups
+            u = utmups.toUtmUps8(self, datum=self.datum, pole=pole, name=self.name,
+                                       Utm=utmups.Utm, Ups=utmups.Ups)
+            if isinstance(u, utmups.Utm):
+                self._update(False, _utm=u)  # PYCHOK kwds
+            elif isinstance(u, utmups.Ups):
+                self._update(False, _ups=u)  # PYCHOK kwds
+            else:
+                _xinstanceof(utmups.Utm, utmups.Ups, toUtmUps8=u)
+        return _lowerleft(u, center)
+
+    @deprecated_method
+    def to3xyz(self):  # PYCHOK no cover
+        '''DEPRECATED, use method C{toEcef}.
+
+           @return: A L{Vector3Tuple}C{(x, y, z)}.
+
+           @note: Overloads C{LatLonBase.to3xyz}
+        '''
+        r = self.toEcef()
+        return _MODS.namedTuples.Vector3Tuple(r.x, r.y, r.z, name=self.name)
+
+    def triangulate(self, bearing1, other, bearing2, **height_wrap_tol):
+        '''I{Iteratively} locate a point given this, an other point and the (initial)
+           bearing at this and at the other point.
+
+           @arg bearing1: Bearing at this point (compass C{degrees360}).
+           @arg other: Start point of the other line (C{LatLon}).
+           @arg bearing2: Bearing at the other point (compass C{degrees360}).
+           @kwarg height_wrap_tol: Optional keyword arguments C{B{height}=None},
+                         C{B{wrap}=False} and C{B{tol}}, see method L{intersection3}.
+
+           @return: Triangulated point (C{LatLon}).
+
+           @see: Method L{intersection3} for further details.
+        '''
+        if _isDegrees(bearing1) and _isDegrees(bearing2):
+            r = self.intersection3(bearing1, other, bearing2, **height_wrap_tol)
+            return r.point
+        raise _TypeError(bearing1=bearing1, bearing2=bearing2 **height_wrap_tol)
+
+    def trilaterate5(self, distance1, point2, distance2, point3, distance3,
+                           area=True, eps=EPS1, wrap=False):
+        '''Trilaterate three points by I{area overlap} or I{perimeter
+           intersection} of three intersecting circles.
+
+           @arg distance1: Distance to this point (C{meter}), same units
+                           as B{C{eps}}).
+           @arg point2: Second center point (C{LatLon}).
+           @arg distance2: Distance to point2 (C{meter}, same units as
+                           B{C{eps}}).
+           @arg point3: Third center point (C{LatLon}).
+           @arg distance3: Distance to point3 (C{meter}, same units as
+                           B{C{eps}}).
+           @kwarg area: If C{True} compute the area overlap, otherwise the
+                        perimeter intersection of the circles (C{bool}).
+           @kwarg eps: The required I{minimal overlap} for C{B{area}=True}
+                       or the I{intersection margin} for C{B{area}=False}
+                       (C{meter}, conventionally).
+           @kwarg wrap: If C{True}, wrap or I{normalize} and unroll
+                        B{C{point2}} and B{C{point3}} (C{bool}).
+
+           @return: A L{Trilaterate5Tuple}C{(min, minPoint, max, maxPoint, n)}
+                    with C{min} and C{max} in C{meter}, same units as B{C{eps}},
+                    the corresponding trilaterated points C{minPoint} and
+                    C{maxPoint} as I{ellipsoidal} C{LatLon} and C{n}, the number
+                    of trilatered points found for the given B{C{eps}}.
+
+                    If only a single trilaterated point is found, C{min I{is}
+                    max}, C{minPoint I{is} maxPoint} and C{n = 1}.
+
+                    For C{B{area}=True}, C{min} and C{max} are the smallest
+                    respectively largest I{radial} overlap found.
+
+                    For C{B{area}=False}, C{min} and C{max} represent the
+                    nearest respectively farthest intersection margin.
+
+                    If C{B{area}=True} and all 3 circles are concentric, C{n=0}
+                    and C{minPoint} and C{maxPoint} are the B{C{point#}} with
+                    the smallest B{C{distance#}} C{min} respectively C{max} the
+                    largest B{C{distance#}}.
+
+           @raise IntersectionError: Trilateration failed for the given B{C{eps}},
+                                     insufficient overlap for C{B{area}=True}, no
+                                     circle intersections for C{B{area}=False} or
+                                     all circles are (near-)concentric.
+
+           @raise TypeError: Invalid B{C{point2}} or B{C{point3}}.
+
+           @raise ValueError: Coincident B{C{points}} or invalid B{C{distance1}},
+                              B{C{distance2}} or B{C{distance3}}.
+
+           @note: Ellipsoidal trilateration invokes methods C{LatLon.intersections2}
+                  and C{LatLon.nearestOn} based on I{Karney}'s Python U{geographiclib
+                  <https://PyPI.org/project/geographiclib>} if installed, otherwise
+                  the accurate (but slower) C{ellipsoidalExact.LatLon} methods.
+        '''
+        return _trilaterate5(self,                       distance1,
+                             self.others(point2=point2), distance2,
+                             self.others(point3=point3), distance3,
+                             area=area, eps=eps, wrap=wrap)
+
+    @Property_RO
+    def _ups(self):  # __dict__ value overwritten by method C{toUtmUps}
+        '''(INTERNAL) Get this C{LatLon} point as UPS coordinate (L{Ups}),
+           see L{pygeodesy.toUps8}.
+        '''
+        ups = _MODS.ups
+        return ups.toUps8(self, datum=self.datum, Ups=ups.Ups,
+                                pole=NN, falsed=True, name=self.name)
+
+    def _upsOK(self, pole=NN, falsed=True):
+        '''(INTERNAL) Check matching C{Ups}.
+        '''
+        try:
+            u = self._ups
+        except RangeError:
+            return False
+        return falsed and (u.pole == pole[:1].upper() or not pole)
+
+    @Property_RO
+    def _utm(self):  # __dict__ value overwritten by method C{toUtmUps}
+        '''(INTERNAL) Get this C{LatLon} point as UTM coordinate (L{Utm}),
+           see L{pygeodesy.toUtm8}.
+        '''
+        utm = _MODS.utm
+        return utm.toUtm8(self, datum=self.datum, Utm=utm.Utm, name=self.name)
+
+    def _utmOK(self):
+        '''(INTERNAL) Check C{Utm}.
+        '''
+        try:
+            _ = self._utm
+        except RangeError:
+            return False
+        return True
+
+
+def _lowerleft(utmups, center):
+    '''(INTERNAL) Optionally I{un}-center C{utmups}.
+    '''
+    if center in (False, 0, _0_0):
+        u = utmups
+    elif center in (True,):
+        u = utmups._lowerleft
+    else:
+        u = _MODS.utmupsBase._lowerleft(utmups, center)
+    return u
+
+
+def _nearestOn(point, point1, point2, within=True, height=None, wrap=False,  # was=True
+                      equidistant=None, tol=_TOL_M, **LatLon_and_kwds):
+    '''(INTERNAL) Get closest point, imported by .ellipsoidalExact,
+       -GeodSolve, -Karney and -Vincenty to embellish exceptions.
+    '''
+    try:
+        p = _xellipsoidal(point=point)
+        t = _MODS.ellipsoidalBaseDI._nearestOn2(p, point1, point2, within=within,
+                                                   height=height, wrap=wrap,
+                                                   equidistant=equidistant,
+                                                   tol=tol, **LatLon_and_kwds)
+    except (TypeError, ValueError) as x:
+        raise _xError(x, point=point, point1=point1, point2=point2)
+    return t.closest
+
+
+def _set_reframe(inst, reframe):
+    '''(INTERNAL) Set or clear an instance's reference frame.
+    '''
+    if reframe is not None:
+        _xinstanceof(_MODS.trf.RefFrame, reframe=reframe)
+        inst._reframe = reframe
+    elif inst.reframe is not None:
+        inst._reframe = None
+
+
+__all__ += _ALL_DOCS(CartesianEllipsoidalBase, LatLonEllipsoidalBase)
+
+# **) MIT License
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2016-2024 -- mrJean1 at Gmail -- All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+# copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
+# to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
+# the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
+# and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
+# Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+#
+# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
+# in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+#
+# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
+# OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL
+# THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR
+# OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,
+# ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
+# OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.