pygeodesy 24.3.24__py2.py3-none-any.whl

pygeodesy/basics.py

@@ -0,0 +1,892 @@
+
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+u'''Some, basic definitions, functions and dependencies.
+
+Use env variable C{PYGEODESY_XPACKAGES} to avoid import of dependencies
+C{geographiclib}, C{numpy} and/or C{scipy}.  Set C{PYGEODESY_XPACKAGES}
+to a comma-separated list of package names to be excluded from import.
+'''
+# make sure int/int division yields float quotient
+from __future__ import division
+division = 1 / 2  # .albers, .azimuthal, .constants, etc., .utily
+if not division:
+    raise ImportError('%s 1/2 == %s' % ('division', division))
+del division
+
+from pygeodesy.errors import _AttributeError, _ImportError, _NotImplementedError, \
+                             _TypeError, _TypesError, _ValueError, _xAssertionError, \
+                             _xkwds_get
+from pygeodesy.interns import MISSING, NN, _1_, _by_, _COMMA_, _DOT_, _DEPRECATED_, \
+                             _ELLIPSIS4_, _enquote, _EQUAL_, _in_, _invalid_, _N_A_, \
+                             _not_scalar_, _SPACE_, _UNDER_, _version_, _version_info
+from pygeodesy.lazily import _ALL_LAZY, _ALL_MODS as _MODS, _FOR_DOCS, \
+                             _getenv, LazyImportError, _sys, _sys_version_info2
+
+from copy import copy as _copy, deepcopy as _deepcopy
+from math import copysign as _copysign
+import inspect as _inspect
+
+__all__ = _ALL_LAZY.basics
+__version__ = '24.03.19'
+
+_0_0                  =  0.0  # in .constants
+_below_               = 'below'
+_list_tuple_types     = (list, tuple)
+_list_tuple_set_types = (list, tuple, set)
+_odd_                 = 'odd'
+_PYGEODESY_XPACKAGES_ = 'PYGEODESY_XPACKAGES'
+_required_            = 'required'
+
+try:  # Luciano Ramalho, "Fluent Python", O'Reilly, 2016 p. 395, 2022 p. 577+
+    from numbers import Integral as _Ints, Real as _Scalars  # .units
+except ImportError:
+    try:
+        _Ints = int, long  # int objects (C{tuple})
+    except NameError:  # Python 3+
+        _Ints = int,  # int objects (C{tuple})
+    _Scalars = _Ints + (float,)
+
+try:
+    try:  # use C{from collections.abc import ...} in Python 3.9+
+        from collections.abc import Sequence as _Sequence  # in .points
+    except ImportError:  # no .abc in Python 3.8- and 2.7-
+        from collections import Sequence as _Sequence  # in .points
+    if isinstance([], _Sequence) and isinstance((), _Sequence):
+        #                        and isinstance(range(1), _Sequence):
+        _Seqs = _Sequence
+    else:
+        raise ImportError()  # _AssertionError
+except ImportError:
+    _Sequence = tuple  # immutable for .points._Basequence
+    _Seqs     = list, _Sequence  # range for function len2 below
+
+
+def _passarg(arg):  # in .auxilats.auxLat
+    '''(INTERNAL) Helper, no-op.
+    '''
+    return arg
+
+
+def _passargs(*args):  # in .utily
+    '''(INTERNAL) Helper, no-op.
+    '''
+    return args
+
+
+try:
+    _Bytes = unicode, bytearray  # PYCHOK expected
+    _Strs  = basestring, str  # XXX , bytes
+    str2ub = ub2str = _passarg  # avoids UnicodeDecodeError
+
+    def _Xstr(exc):  # PYCHOK no cover
+        '''I{Invoke only with caught ImportError} B{C{exc}}.
+
+           C{... "can't import name _distributor_init" ...}
+
+           only for C{numpy}, C{scipy} import errors occurring
+           on arm64 Apple Silicon running macOS' Python 2.7.16?
+        '''
+        t = str(exc)
+        if '_distributor_init' in t:
+            from sys import exc_info
+            from traceback import extract_tb
+            tb = exc_info()[2]  # 3-tuple (type, value, traceback)
+            t4 = extract_tb(tb, 1)[0]  # 4-tuple (file, line, name, 'import ...')
+            t = _SPACE_("can't", t4[3] or _N_A_)
+            del tb, t4
+        return t
+
+except NameError:  # Python 3+
+    from pygeodesy.interns import _utf_8_
+
+    _Bytes = bytes, bytearray
+    _Strs  = str,  # tuple
+    _Xstr  = str
+
+    def str2ub(sb):
+        '''Convert C{str} to C{unicode bytes}.
+        '''
+        if isinstance(sb, _Strs):
+            sb = sb.encode(_utf_8_)
+        return sb
+
+    def ub2str(ub):
+        '''Convert C{unicode bytes} to C{str}.
+        '''
+        if isinstance(ub, _Bytes):
+            ub = str(ub.decode(_utf_8_))
+        return ub
+
+
+def _args_kwds_names(func):
+    '''(INTERNAL) Get a C{func}'s args and kwds names, including
+       C{self} for methods.
+
+       @note: Python 2 may I{not} include the C{*args} nor the
+              C{**kwds} names.
+    '''
+    try:
+        args_kwds = _inspect.signature(func).parameters.keys()
+    except AttributeError:  # .signature new Python 3+
+        args_kwds = _inspect.getargspec(func).args
+    return tuple(args_kwds)
+
+
+def clips(sb, limit=50, white=NN):
+    '''Clip a string to the given length limit.
+
+       @arg sb: String (C{str} or C{bytes}).
+       @kwarg limit: Length limit (C{int}).
+       @kwarg white: Optionally, replace all whitespace (C{str}).
+
+       @return: The clipped or unclipped B{C{sb}}.
+    '''
+    T = type(sb)
+    if len(sb) > limit > 8:
+        h  = limit // 2
+        sb = T(_ELLIPSIS4_).join((sb[:h], sb[-h:]))
+    if white:  # replace whitespace
+        sb = T(white).join(sb.split())
+    return sb
+
+
+def copysign0(x, y):
+    '''Like C{math.copysign(x, y)} except C{zero}, I{unsigned}.
+
+       @return: C{math.copysign(B{x}, B{y})} if B{C{x}} else
+                C{type(B{x})(0)}.
+    '''
+    return _copysign(x, (y if y else 0)) if x else copytype(0, x)
+
+
+def copytype(x, y):
+    '''Return the value of B{x} as C{type} of C{y}.
+
+       @return: C{type(B{y})(B{x})}.
+    '''
+    return type(y)(x if x else _0_0)
+
+
+def halfs2(str2):
+    '''Split a string in 2 halfs.
+
+       @arg str2: String to split (C{str}).
+
+       @return: 2-Tuple C{(_1st, _2nd)} half (C{str}).
+
+       @raise ValueError: Zero or odd C{len(B{str2})}.
+    '''
+    h, r = divmod(len(str2), 2)
+    if r or not h:
+        raise _ValueError(str2=str2, txt=_odd_)
+    return str2[:h], str2[h:]
+
+
+def int1s(x):
+    '''Count the number of 1-bits in an C{int}, I{unsigned}.
+
+       @note: C{int1s(-B{x}) == int1s(abs(B{x}))}.
+    '''
+    try:
+        return x.bit_count()  # Python 3.10+
+    except AttributeError:
+        # bin(-x) = '-' + bin(abs(x))
+        return bin(x).count(_1_)
+
+
+def isbool(obj):
+    '''Check whether an object is C{bool}ean.
+
+       @arg obj: The object (any C{type}).
+
+       @return: C{True} if B{C{obj}} is C{bool}ean,
+                C{False} otherwise.
+    '''
+    return isinstance(obj, bool)  # and (obj is False
+#                                     or obj is True)
+
+assert not (isbool(1) or isbool(0) or isbool(None))  # PYCHOK 2
+
+if _FOR_DOCS:  # XXX avoid epydoc Python 2.7 error
+
+    def isclass(obj):
+        '''Return C{True} if B{C{obj}} is a C{class} or C{type}.
+
+           @see: Python's C{inspect.isclass}.
+        '''
+        return _inspect.isclass(obj)
+else:
+    isclass = _inspect.isclass
+
+
+def isCartesian(obj, ellipsoidal=None):
+    '''Is B{C{obj}} some C{Cartesian}?
+
+       @arg obj: The object (any C{type}).
+       @kwarg ellipsoidal: If C{None}, return the type of any C{Cartesian},
+                           if C{True}, only an ellipsoidal C{Cartesian type}
+                           or if C{False}, only a spherical C{Cartesian type}.
+
+       @return: C{type(B{obj}} if B{C{obj}} is a C{Cartesian} instance of
+                the required type, C{False} if a C{Cartesian} of an other
+                type or C{None} otherwise.
+    '''
+    if ellipsoidal is not None:
+        try:
+            return obj.ellipsoidalCartesian if ellipsoidal else obj.sphericalCartesian
+        except AttributeError:
+            return None
+    return isinstanceof(obj, _MODS.cartesianBase.CartesianBase)
+
+
+def iscomplex(obj):
+    '''Check whether an object is a C{complex} or complex C{str}.
+
+       @arg obj: The object (any C{type}).
+
+       @return: C{True} if B{C{obj}} is C{complex}, otherwise
+                C{False}.
+    '''
+    try:  # hasattr('conjugate'), hasattr('real') and hasattr('imag')
+        return isinstance(obj,          complex) or (isstr(obj)
+           and isinstance(complex(obj), complex))  # numbers.Complex?
+    except (TypeError, ValueError):
+        return False
+
+
+def isDEPRECATED(obj):
+    '''Return C{True} if C{B{obj}} is a C{DEPRECATED} class, method
+       or function, C{False} if not or C{None} if undetermined.
+    '''
+    try:  # XXX inspect.getdoc(obj)
+        return bool(obj.__doc__.lstrip().startswith(_DEPRECATED_))
+    except AttributeError:
+        return None
+
+
+def isfloat(obj):
+    '''Check whether an object is a C{float} or float C{str}.
+
+       @arg obj: The object (any C{type}).
+
+       @return: C{True} if B{C{obj}} is a C{float}, otherwise
+                C{False}.
+    '''
+    try:
+        return isinstance(      obj,  float) or (isstr(obj)
+           and isinstance(float(obj), float))
+    except (TypeError, ValueError):
+        return False
+
+
+try:
+    isidentifier = str.isidentifier  # Python 3, must be str
+except AttributeError:  # Python 2-
+
+    def isidentifier(obj):
+        '''Return C{True} if B{C{obj}} is a Python identifier.
+        '''
+        return bool(obj and isstr(obj)
+                        and obj.replace(_UNDER_, NN).isalnum()
+                        and not obj[:1].isdigit())
+
+
+def isinstanceof(obj, *classes):
+    '''Is B{C{ob}} an instance of one of the C{classes}?
+
+       @arg obj: The instance (any C{type}).
+       @arg classes: One or more classes (C{class}).
+
+       @return: C{type(B{obj}} if B{C{obj}} is an instance
+                of the B{C{classes}}, C{None} otherwise.
+    '''
+    return type(obj) if isinstance(obj, classes) else None
+
+
+def isint(obj, both=False):
+    '''Check for C{int} type or an integer C{float} value.
+
+       @arg obj: The object (any C{type}).
+       @kwarg both: If C{true}, check C{float} and L{Fsum}
+                    type and value (C{bool}).
+
+       @return: C{True} if B{C{obj}} is C{int} or I{integer}
+                C{float} or L{Fsum}, C{False} otherwise.
+
+       @note: Both C{isint(True)} and C{isint(False)} return
+              C{False} (and no longer C{True}).
+    '''
+    if isinstance(obj, _Ints) and not isbool(obj):
+        return True
+    elif both:  # and isinstance(obj, (float, Fsum))
+        try:  # NOT , _Scalars) to include Fsum!
+            return obj.is_integer()
+        except AttributeError:
+            pass  # XXX float(int(obj)) == obj?
+    return False
+
+
+try:
+    from keyword import iskeyword  # Python 2.7+
+except ImportError:
+
+    def iskeyword(unused):
+        '''Not Implemented, C{False} always.
+        '''
+        return False
+
+
+def isLatLon(obj, ellipsoidal=None):
+    '''Is B{C{obj}} some C{LatLon}?
+
+       @arg obj: The object (any C{type}).
+       @kwarg ellipsoidal: If C{None}, return the type of any C{LatLon},
+                           if C{True}, only an ellipsoidal C{LatLon type}
+                           or if C{False}, only a spherical C{LatLon type}.
+
+       @return: C{type(B{obj}} if B{C{obj}} is a C{LatLon} instance of
+                the required type, C{False} if a C{LatLon} of an other
+                type or {None} otherwise.
+    '''
+    if ellipsoidal is not None:
+        try:
+            return obj.ellipsoidalLatLon if ellipsoidal else obj.sphericalLatLon
+        except AttributeError:
+            return None
+    return isinstanceof(obj, _MODS.latlonBase.LatLonBase)
+
+
+def islistuple(obj, minum=0):
+    '''Check for list or tuple C{type} with a minumal length.
+
+       @arg obj: The object (any C{type}).
+       @kwarg minum: Minimal C{len} required C({int}).
+
+       @return: C{True} if B{C{obj}} is C{list} or C{tuple} with
+                C{len} at least B{C{minum}}, C{False} otherwise.
+    '''
+    return isinstance(obj, _list_tuple_types) and len(obj) >= minum
+
+
+def isNvector(obj, ellipsoidal=None):
+    '''Is B{C{obj}} some C{Nvector}?
+
+       @arg obj: The object (any C{type}).
+       @kwarg ellipsoidal: If C{None}, return the type of any C{Nvector},
+                           if C{True}, only an ellipsoidal C{Nvector type}
+                           or if C{False}, only a spherical C{Nvector type}.
+
+       @return: C{type(B{obj}} if B{C{obj}} is an C{Nvector} instance of
+                the required type, C{False} if an C{Nvector} of an other
+                type or {None} otherwise.
+    '''
+    if ellipsoidal is not None:
+        try:
+            return obj.ellipsoidalNvector if ellipsoidal else obj.sphericalNvector
+        except AttributeError:
+            return None
+    return isinstanceof(obj, _MODS.nvectorBase.NvectorBase)
+
+
+def isodd(x):
+    '''Is B{C{x}} odd?
+
+       @arg x: Value (C{scalar}).
+
+       @return: C{True} if B{C{x}} is odd,
+                C{False} otherwise.
+    '''
+    return bool(int(x) & 1)  # == bool(int(x) % 2)
+
+
+def isscalar(obj):
+    '''Check for scalar types.
+
+       @arg obj: The object (any C{type}).
+
+       @return: C{True} if B{C{obj}} is C{scalar}, C{False} otherwise.
+    '''
+    return isinstance(obj, _Scalars) and not isbool(obj)
+
+
+def issequence(obj, *excls):
+    '''Check for sequence types.
+
+       @arg obj: The object (any C{type}).
+       @arg excls: Classes to exclude (C{type}), all positional.
+
+       @note: Excluding C{tuple} implies excluding C{namedtuple}.
+
+       @return: C{True} if B{C{obj}} is a sequence, C{False} otherwise.
+    '''
+    return isinstance(obj, _Seqs) and not (excls and isinstance(obj, excls))
+
+
+def isstr(obj):
+    '''Check for string types.
+
+       @arg obj: The object (any C{type}).
+
+       @return: C{True} if B{C{obj}} is C{str}, C{False} otherwise.
+    '''
+    return isinstance(obj, _Strs)
+
+
+def issubclassof(Sub, *Supers):
+    '''Check whether a class is a sub-class of some other class(es).
+
+       @arg Sub: The sub-class (C{class}).
+       @arg Supers: One or more C(super) classes (C{class}).
+
+       @return: C{True} if B{C{Sub}} is a sub-class of any B{C{Supers}},
+                C{False} if not (C{bool}) or C{None} if B{C{Sub}} is not
+                a class or if no B{C{Supers}} are given or none of those
+                are a class.
+    '''
+    if isclass(Sub):
+        t = tuple(S for S in Supers if isclass(S))
+        if t:
+            return bool(issubclass(Sub, t))
+    return None
+
+
+def itemsorted(adict, *items_args, **asorted_reverse):
+    '''Return the items of C{B{adict}} sorted I{alphabetically,
+       case-insensitively} and in I{ascending} order.
+
+       @arg items_args: Optional positional argument(s) for method
+                        C{B{adict}.items(B*{items_args})}.
+       @kwarg asorted_reverse: Use keyword argument C{B{asorted}=False}
+                      for I{alphabetical, case-sensitive} sorting and
+                      C{B{reverse}=True} for sorting in C{descending}
+                      order.
+    '''
+    def _ins(item):
+        return item[0].lower()
+
+    def _key_rev(asorted=True, reverse=False):
+        return (_ins if asorted else None), reverse
+
+    key, rev = _key_rev(**asorted_reverse)
+    items = adict.items(*items_args) if items_args else adict.items()
+    return sorted(items, reverse=rev, key=key)
+
+
+def len2(items):
+    '''Make built-in function L{len} work for generators, iterators,
+       etc. since those can only be started exactly once.
+
+       @arg items: Generator, iterator, list, range, tuple, etc.
+
+       @return: 2-Tuple C{(n, items)} of the number of items (C{int})
+                and the items (C{list} or C{tuple}).
+    '''
+    if not isinstance(items, _Seqs):  # NOT hasattr(items, '__len__'):
+        items = list(items)
+    return len(items), items
+
+
+def map1(fun1, *xs):  # XXX map_
+    '''Apply a single-argument function to each B{C{xs}} and
+       return a C{tuple} of results.
+
+       @arg fun1: 1-Arg function (C{callable}).
+       @arg xs: Arguments (C{any positional}).
+
+       @return: Function results (C{tuple}).
+    '''
+    return tuple(map(fun1, xs))
+
+
+def map2(fun, *xs):
+    '''Apply a function to arguments and return a C{tuple} of results.
+
+       Unlike Python 2's built-in L{map}, Python 3+ L{map} returns a
+       L{map} object, an iterator-like object which generates the
+       results only once.  Converting the L{map} object to a tuple
+       maintains the Python 2 behavior.
+
+       @arg fun: Function (C{callable}).
+       @arg xs: Arguments (C{list, tuple, ...}).
+
+       @return: Function results (C{tuple}).
+    '''
+    return tuple(map(fun, *xs))
+
+
+def neg(x, neg0=None):
+    '''Negate C{x} and optionally, negate C{0.0} and C{-0.0}.
+
+       @kwarg neg0: Defines the return value for zero C{B{x}}: if C{None}
+                    return C{0.0}, if C{True} return C{NEG0 if B{x}=0.0}
+                    and C{0.0 if B{x}=NEG0} or if C{False} return C{B{x}}
+                    I{as-is} (C{bool} or C{None}).
+
+       @return: C{-B{x} if B{x} else 0.0, NEG0 or B{x}}.
+    '''
+    return (-x) if x else (_0_0 if neg0 is None else (x if not neg0 else
+                          (_0_0 if signBit(x) else _MODS.constants.NEG0)))
+
+
+def neg_(*xs):
+    '''Negate all C{xs} with L{neg}.
+
+       @return: A C{map(neg, B{xs})}.
+    '''
+    return map(neg, xs)
+
+
+def _req_d_by(where, **name):  # in .basics
+    '''(INTERNAL) Get the fully qualified name.
+    '''
+    m = _MODS.named.modulename(where, prefixed=True)
+    if name:
+        n = _xkwds_get(name, name=NN)
+        if n:
+            m = _DOT_(m, n)
+    return _SPACE_(_required_, _by_, m)
+
+
+def _reverange(n, stop=-1, step=-1):
+    '''(INTERNAL) Reversed range yielding C{n-1, n-1-step, ..., stop+1}.
+    '''
+    return range(n - 1, stop, step)
+
+
+def signBit(x):
+    '''Return C{signbit(B{x})}, like C++.
+
+       @return: C{True} if C{B{x} < 0} or C{NEG0} (C{bool}).
+    '''
+    return x < 0 or _MODS.constants.isneg0(x)
+
+
+def _signOf(x, ref):  # in .fsums
+    '''(INTERNAL) Return the sign of B{C{x}} versus B{C{ref}}.
+    '''
+    return +1 if x > ref else (-1 if x < ref else 0)
+
+
+def signOf(x):
+    '''Return sign of C{x} as C{int}.
+
+       @return: -1, 0 or +1 (C{int}).
+    '''
+    try:
+        s = x.signOf()  # Fsum instance?
+    except AttributeError:
+        s = _signOf(x, 0)
+    return s
+
+
+def _sizeof(inst):
+    '''(INTERNAL) Recursively size an C{inst}ance.
+
+       @return: Instance' size in bytes (C{int}),
+                ignoring class attributes and
+                counting duplicates only once or
+                C{None}.
+
+       @note: With C{PyPy}, the size is always C{None}.
+    '''
+    try:
+        _zB = _sys.getsizeof
+        _zD = _zB(None)  # get some default
+    except TypeError:  # PyPy3.10
+        return None
+
+    def _zR(s, iterable):
+        z, _s = 0, s.add
+        for o in iterable:
+            i = id(o)
+            if i not in s:
+                _s(i)
+                z += _zB(o, _zD)
+                if isinstance(o, dict):
+                    z += _zR(s, o.keys())
+                    z += _zR(s, o.values())
+                elif isinstance(o, _list_tuple_set_types):
+                    z += _zR(s, o)
+                else:
+                    try:  # size instance' attr values only
+                        z += _zR(s, o.__dict__.values())
+                    except AttributeError:  # None, int, etc.
+                        pass
+        return z
+
+    return _zR(set(), (inst,))
+
+
+def splice(iterable, n=2, **fill):
+    '''Split an iterable into C{n} slices.
+
+       @arg iterable: Items to be spliced (C{list}, C{tuple}, ...).
+       @kwarg n: Number of slices to generate (C{int}).
+       @kwarg fill: Optional fill value for missing items.
+
+       @return: A generator for each of B{C{n}} slices,
+                M{iterable[i::n] for i=0..n}.
+
+       @raise TypeError: Invalid B{C{n}}.
+
+       @note: Each generated slice is a C{tuple} or a C{list},
+              the latter only if the B{C{iterable}} is a C{list}.
+
+       @example:
+
+        >>> from pygeodesy import splice
+
+        >>> a, b = splice(range(10))
+        >>> a, b
+        ((0, 2, 4, 6, 8), (1, 3, 5, 7, 9))
+
+        >>> a, b, c = splice(range(10), n=3)
+        >>> a, b, c
+        ((0, 3, 6, 9), (1, 4, 7), (2, 5, 8))
+
+        >>> a, b, c = splice(range(10), n=3, fill=-1)
+        >>> a, b, c
+        ((0, 3, 6, 9), (1, 4, 7, -1), (2, 5, 8, -1))
+
+        >>> tuple(splice(list(range(9)), n=5))
+        ([0, 5], [1, 6], [2, 7], [3, 8], [4])
+
+        >>> splice(range(9), n=1)
+        <generator object splice at 0x0...>
+    '''
+    if not isint(n):
+        raise _TypeError(n=n)
+
+    t = iterable
+    if not isinstance(t, _list_tuple_types):
+        t = tuple(t)  # force tuple, also for PyPy3
+
+    if n > 1:
+        if fill:
+            fill = _xkwds_get(fill, fill=MISSING)
+            if fill is not MISSING:
+                m = len(t) % n
+                if m > 0:  # same type fill
+                    t += type(t)((fill,) * (n - m))
+        for i in range(n):
+            # XXX t[i::n] chokes PyChecker
+            yield t[slice(i, None, n)]
+    else:
+        yield t
+
+
+def _splituple(strs, *sep_splits):  # in .mgrs, .osgr, .webmercator
+    '''(INTERNAL) Split a C{comma}- or C{whitespace}-separated
+       string into a C{tuple} of stripped strings.
+    '''
+    t = (strs.split(*sep_splits) if sep_splits else
+         strs.replace(_COMMA_, _SPACE_).split()) if strs else ()
+    return tuple(s.strip() for s in t if s)
+
+
+def unsigned0(x):
+    '''Unsign if C{0.0}.
+
+       @return: C{B{x}} if B{C{x}} else C{0.0}.
+    '''
+    return x if x else _0_0
+
+
+def _xcopy(obj, deep=False):
+    '''(INTERNAL) Copy an object, shallow or deep.
+
+       @arg obj: The object to copy (any C{type}).
+       @kwarg deep: If C{True} make a deep, otherwise
+                    a shallow copy (C{bool}).
+
+       @return: The copy of B{C{obj}}.
+    '''
+    return _deepcopy(obj) if deep else _copy(obj)
+
+
+def _xdup(obj, deep=False, **items):
+    '''(INTERNAL) Duplicate an object, replacing some attributes.
+
+       @arg obj: The object to copy (any C{type}).
+       @kwarg deep: If C{True} copy deep, otherwise shallow.
+       @kwarg items: Attributes to be changed (C{any}).
+
+       @return: A duplicate of B{C{obj}} with modified
+                attributes, if any B{C{items}}.
+
+       @raise AttributeError: Some B{C{items}} invalid.
+    '''
+    d = _xcopy(obj, deep=deep)
+    for n, v in items.items():
+        if getattr(d, n, v) != v:
+            setattr(d, n, v)
+        elif not hasattr(d, n):
+            t = _MODS.named.classname(obj)
+            t = _SPACE_(_DOT_(t, n), _invalid_)
+            raise _AttributeError(txt=t, obj=obj, **items)
+#   if items:
+#       _MODS.props._update_all(d)
+    return d
+
+
+def _xgeographiclib(where, *required):
+    '''(INTERNAL) Import C{geographiclib} and check required version.
+    '''
+    try:
+        _xpackage(_xgeographiclib)
+        import geographiclib
+    except ImportError as x:
+        raise _xImportError(x, where, Error=LazyImportError)
+    return _xversion(geographiclib, where, *required)
+
+
+def _xImportError(exc, where, Error=_ImportError, **name):
+    '''(INTERNAL) Embellish an C{Lazy/ImportError}.
+    '''
+    t = _req_d_by(where, **name)
+    return Error(_Xstr(exc), txt=t, cause=exc)
+
+
+def _xinstanceof(*Types, **names_values):
+    '''(INTERNAL) Check C{Types} of all C{name=value} pairs.
+
+       @arg Types: One or more classes or types (C{class}), all
+                   positional.
+       @kwarg names_values: One or more C{B{name}=value} pairs
+                            with the C{value} to be checked.
+
+       @raise TypeError: One B{C{names_values}} pair is not an
+                         instance of any of the B{C{Types}}.
+    '''
+    if not (Types and names_values):
+        raise _xAssertionError(_xinstanceof, *Types, **names_values)
+
+    for n, v in names_values.items():
+        if not isinstance(v, Types):
+            raise _TypesError(n, v, *Types)
+
+
+def _xisscalar(**names_values):
+    '''(INTERNAL) Check all C{name=value} pairs to be C{scalar}.
+    '''
+    for n, v in names_values.items():
+        if not isscalar(v):
+            raise _TypeError(n, v, txt=_not_scalar_)
+
+
+def _xnumpy(where, *required):
+    '''(INTERNAL) Import C{numpy} and check required version.
+    '''
+    try:
+        _xpackage(_xnumpy)
+        import numpy
+    except ImportError as x:
+        raise _xImportError(x, where)
+    return _xversion(numpy, where, *required)
+
+
+def _xor(x, *xs):
+    '''(INTERNAL) Exclusive-or C{x} and C{xs}.
+    '''
+    for x_ in xs:
+        x ^= x_
+    return x
+
+
+def _xpackage(_xpkg):
+    '''(INTERNAL) Check dependency to be excluded.
+    '''
+    n = _xpkg.__name__[2:]  # remove _x
+    if n in _XPACKAGES:
+        x = _SPACE_(n, _in_, _PYGEODESY_XPACKAGES_)
+        e = _enquote(_getenv(_PYGEODESY_XPACKAGES_, NN))
+        raise ImportError(_EQUAL_(x, e))
+
+
+def _xscipy(where, *required):
+    '''(INTERNAL) Import C{scipy} and check required version.
+    '''
+    try:
+        _xpackage(_xscipy)
+        import scipy
+    except ImportError as x:
+        raise _xImportError(x, where)
+    return _xversion(scipy, where, *required)
+
+
+def _xsubclassof(*Classes, **names_values):
+    '''(INTERNAL) Check (super) class of all C{name=value} pairs.
+
+       @arg Classes: One or more classes or types (C{class}), all
+                     positional.
+       @kwarg names_values: One or more C{B{name}=value} pairs
+                            with the C{value} to be checked.
+
+       @raise TypeError: One B{C{names_values}} pair is not a
+                         (sub-)class of any of the B{C{Classes}}.
+    '''
+    if not (Classes and names_values):
+        raise _xAssertionError(_xsubclassof, *Classes, **names_values)
+
+    for n, v in names_values.items():
+        if not issubclassof(v, *Classes):
+            raise _TypesError(n, v, *Classes)
+
+
+def _xversion(package, where, *required, **name):
+    '''(INTERNAL) Check the C{package} version vs B{C{required}}.
+    '''
+    if required:
+        t = _version_info(package)
+        if t[:len(required)] < required:
+            t = _SPACE_(package.__name__,
+                       _version_, _DOT_(*t),
+                       _below_, _DOT_(*required),
+                       _req_d_by(where, **name))
+            raise ImportError(t)
+    return package
+
+
+def _xzip(*args, **strict):  # PYCHOK no cover
+    '''(INTERNAL) Standard C{zip(..., strict=True)}.
+    '''
+    s = _xkwds_get(strict, strict=True)
+    if s:
+        if _zip is zip:  # < (3, 10)
+            t = _MODS.streprs.unstr(_xzip, *args, strict=s)
+            raise _NotImplementedError(t, txt=None)
+        return _zip(*args)
+    return zip(*args)
+
+
+if _sys_version_info2 < (3, 10):  # see .errors
+    _zip = zip  # PYCHOK exported
+else:  # Python 3.10+
+
+    def _zip(*args):
+        return zip(*args, strict=True)
+
+_XPACKAGES = _splituple(_getenv(_PYGEODESY_XPACKAGES_, NN).lower())
+
+# **) MIT License
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2016-2024 -- mrJean1 at Gmail -- All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+# copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
+# to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
+# the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
+# and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
+# Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+#
+# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
+# in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+#
+# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
+# OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL
+# THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR
+# OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,
+# ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
+# OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.