passagemath-singular 10.6.31rc3__cp314-cp314-musllinux_1_2_x86_64.whl

sage_wheels/share/singular/LIB/cimonom.lib

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+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+version="version cimonom.lib 4.1.2.0 Feb_2019 "; // $Id: 269ef0f4d3307e52b87e2ae0512019ef019bc270 $
+category="Commutative Algebra";
+info="
+LIBRARY: cimonom.lib   Determines if the toric ideal of an affine monomial curve is a complete intersection
+
+AUTHORS: I.Bermejo,               ibermejo@ull.es
+@*       I.Garcia-Marco,          iggarcia@ull.es
+@*       J.-J.Salazar-Gonzalez,   jjsalaza@ull.es
+
+OVERVIEW:
+  A library for determining if the toric ideal of an affine monomial curve is a complete intersection with NO
+  NEED of computing explicitly a system of generators of such ideal. It also contains procedures to obtain the
+  minimum positive multiple of an integer which is in a semigroup of positive integers.
+  The procedures are based on a paper by Isabel Bermejo, Ignacio Garcia and Juan Jose Salazar-Gonzalez: 'An
+  algorithm to check whether the toric ideal of an affine monomial curve is a complete intersection', Preprint.
+
+SEE ALSO: Integer programming
+
+PROCEDURES:
+ BelongSemig(n,v[,sup]);    checks whether n is in the semigroup generated by v;
+ MinMult(a,b);              computes k, the minimum positive integer such that k*a is in the semigroup of
+                            positive integers generated by the elements in b.
+ CompInt(d);                checks wether I(d) is a complete intersection or not.
+";
+
+LIB "general.lib";
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+proc BelongSemig(bigint n, intvec v, list #)
+"
+USAGE:   BelongSemig (n,v[,sup]);  n bigint, v and sup intvec
+RETURN:  In the default form, it returns 1 if n is in the semigroup generated by
+         the elements of v or 0 otherwise. If the argument sup is added and in case
+         n belongs to the semigroup generated by the elements of v, it returns
+         a monomial in the variables {x(i) | i in sup} of degree n if we set
+         deg(x(sup[j])) = v[j].
+ASSUME:  v and sup positive integer vectors of same size, sup has no
+         repeated entries, x(i) has to be an indeterminate in the current ring for
+         all i in sup.
+EXAMPLE: example BelongSemig; shows some examples
+"
+{
+//--------------------------- initialisation ---------------------------------
+  int i, j, num;
+  bigint PartialSum;
+  num = size(v);
+  int e = size(#);
+
+  if  (e > 0)
+  {
+    intvec sup = #[1];
+    poly mon;
+  }
+
+  for (i = 1; i <= nrows(v); i++)
+  {
+    if ((n % v[i]) == 0)
+    {
+      // ---- n is multiple of v[i]
+      if (e)
+      {
+        mon = x(sup[i])^(int(n/v[i]));
+        return(mon);
+      }
+      else
+      {
+        return (1);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (num == 1)
+  {
+    // ---- num = 1 and n is not multiple of v[1] --> FALSE
+    return(0);
+  }
+
+  intvec counter;
+  counter[num] = 0;
+  PartialSum = 0;
+
+  intvec w = sort(v)[1];
+  intvec cambio = sort(v)[2];
+
+  // ---- Iterative procedure to determine if n is in the semigroup generated by v
+  while (1)
+  {
+    if (n  >= PartialSum)
+    {
+      if (((n - PartialSum) % w[1]) == 0)
+      {
+        // ---- n belongs to the semigroup generated by v,
+        if (e)
+        {
+          // ---- obtain the monomial.
+          mon = x(sup[cambio[1]])^(int((n - PartialSum) / w[1]));
+          for (j = 2; j <= num; j++)
+          {
+            mon = mon * x(sup[cambio[j]])^(counter[j]);
+          }
+          return(mon);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+          // ---- returns true.
+          return (1);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    i = num;
+    while (!defined(end))
+    {
+      if (i == 1)
+      {
+        // ---- Stop, n is not in the semigroup
+        return(0);
+      }
+      if (i > 1)
+      {
+        // counters control
+        if (counter[i] >= ((n - PartialSum) / w[i]))
+        {
+          PartialSum = PartialSum - (counter[i]*w[i]);
+          counter[i] = 0;
+          i--;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+          counter[i] = counter[i] + 1;
+          PartialSum = PartialSum + w[i];
+          int end;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    kill end;
+  }
+}
+example
+{ "EXAMPLE:";
+   ring r=0,x(1..5),dp;
+   int a = 125;
+   intvec v = 13,17,51;
+   intvec sup = 2,4,1;
+   BelongSemig(a,v,sup);
+   BelongSemig(a,v);
+}
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+proc MinMult(int a, intvec b)
+"
+USAGE:   MinMult (a, b); a integer, b integer vector.
+RETURN:  an integer k, the minimum positive integer such that ka belongs to the
+         semigroup generated by the integers in b.
+ASSUME:  a is a positive integer, b is a positive integers vector.
+EXAMPLE: example MinMult; shows some examples.
+"
+{
+//--------------------------- initialisation ---------------------------------
+  int i, j, min, max;
+  int n = nrows(b);
+
+  if (n == 1)
+  {
+    // ---- trivial case
+    return(b[1] div gcd(a,b[1]));
+  }
+
+  max = b[1];
+  for (i = 2; i <= n; i++)
+  {
+    if (b[i] > max)
+    {
+      max = b[i];
+    }
+  }
+  int NumNodes = a + max; //----Number of nodes in the graph
+
+  int dist = 1;
+  // ---- Auxiliary structures to obtain the shortest path between the nodes 1 and a+1 of this graph
+  intvec queue = 1;
+  intvec queue2;
+
+  // ---- Control vector:
+  //      control[i] = 0 -> node not reached yet
+  //      control[i] = 1 -> node in queue1
+  //      control[i] = 2 -> node in queue2
+  //      control[i] = 3 -> node already processed
+  intvec control;
+  control[1] = 3;         // Starting node
+  control[a + max] = 0;   // Ending node
+  int current = 1;        // Current node
+  int next;               // Node connected to corrent by arc (current, next)
+
+  int ElemQueue, ElemQueue2;
+  int PosQueue = 1;
+
+  // Algoritmo de Dijkstra
+  while (1)
+  {
+    if (current <= a)
+    {
+      // ---- current <= a, arcs are (current, current + b[i])
+      for (i = 1; i <= n; i++)
+      {
+        next = current + b[i];
+        if (next == a+1)
+        {
+          kill control;
+          kill queue;
+          kill queue2;
+          return (dist);
+        }
+        if ((control[next] == 0)||(control[next] == 2))
+        {
+          control[next] = 1;
+          queue = queue, next;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    if (current > a)
+    {
+      // ---- current > a, the only possible ars is (current, current - a)
+      next = current - a;
+      if (control[next] == 0)
+      {
+        control[next] = 2;
+        queue2[nrows(queue2) + 1] = next;
+      }
+    }
+    PosQueue++;
+    if (PosQueue <= nrows(queue))
+    {
+      current = queue[PosQueue];
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      dist++;
+      if (control[a+1] == 2)
+      {
+        return(dist);
+      }
+      queue = queue2[2..nrows(queue2)];
+      current = queue[1];
+      PosQueue = 1;
+      queue2 = 0;
+    }
+    control[current] = 3;
+  }
+}
+example
+{ "EXAMPLE:";
+   "int a = 46;";
+   "intvec b = 13,17,59;";
+   "MinMult(a,b);";
+   int a = 46;
+   intvec b = 13,17,59;
+   MinMult(a,b);
+   "// 3*a = 8*b[1] + 2*b[2]"
+}
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+proc CompInt(intvec d)
+"
+USAGE:   CompInt(d); d intvec.
+RETURN:  1 if the toric ideal I(d) is a complete intersection or 0 otherwise.
+ASSUME:  d is a vector of positive integers.
+NOTE:    If printlevel > 0, additional info is displayed in case
+         I(d) is a complete intersection:
+         if printlevel >= 1, it displays a minimal set of generators of the toric
+         ideal formed by quasihomogeneous binomials. Moreover, if printlevel >= 2
+         and gcd(d) = 1, it also shows the Frobenius number of the semigroup
+         generated by the elements in d.
+EXAMPLE: example CompInt; shows some examples
+"
+{
+//--------------------------- initialisation ---------------------------------
+
+  int i,j,k,l,divide,equal,possible;
+
+  int n = nrows(d);
+  int max = 2*n - 1;
+  ring r = 0, x(1..n), dp;
+
+  int level = printlevel - voice + 2;
+  // ---- To decide how much extra information calculate and display
+  if (level > 1)
+  {
+    int e = d[1];
+    for (i = 2; i <= n; i++)
+    {
+      e = gcd(e,d[i]);
+    }
+    if (e <> 1)
+    {
+      print ("// Semigroup generated by d is not numerical!");
+    }
+  }
+  if (level > 0)
+  {
+    ideal id;
+    vector mon;
+    mon[max] = 0;
+    if ((level > 1)&&(e == 1))
+    {
+      bigint frob = 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // ---- Trivial cases: n = 1,2 (it is a complete intersection).
+  if (n == 1)
+  {
+    print("// Ideal is (0)");
+    return (1);
+  }
+
+  if (n == 2)
+  {
+    if (level > 0)
+    {
+      intvec d1 = d[1];
+      intvec d2 = d[2];
+      int f1 = MinMult(d[1],d2);
+      int f2 = MinMult(d[2],d1);
+      id = x(1)^(f1) - x(2)^(f2);
+      print ("// Toric ideal:");
+      id;
+      if ((level > 1)&&(e == 1))
+      {
+        frob = d[1]*f1 - d[1] - d[2];
+        print ("// Frobenius number of the numerical semigroup:");
+        frob;
+      }
+    }
+    return (1);
+  }
+
+  // ---- For n >= 3 (non-trivial cases)
+  matrix mat[max][n];
+  intvec using, bound, multiple;
+  multiple[max] = 0;
+  bound[max] = 0;
+  using[max] = 0;
+
+  for (i = 1; i <= n; i++)
+  {
+    using[i] = 1;
+    multiple[i] = 0;
+    mat[i,i] = 1;
+  }
+  if (level > 1)
+  {
+    if (e == 1)
+    {
+      for (i = 1; i <= n; i++)
+      {
+        frob = frob - d[i];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  int new, new1, new2;
+  for (i = 1; i <= n; i++)
+  {
+    for (j = 1; j < i; j++)
+    {
+      if (i <> j)
+      {
+        new = gcd(d[i],d[j]);
+        new1 = d[j] div new;
+        new2 = d[i] div new;
+        if (!bound[i] ||(new1 < bound[i]))
+        {
+          bound[i] = new1;
+        }
+        if (!bound[j] ||(new2 < bound[j]))
+        {
+          bound[j] = new2;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // ---- Begins the inductive part
+  for (i = 1; i < n; i++)
+  {
+    // ---- n-1 stages
+    for (j = 1; j < n + i; j++)
+    {
+      if ((using[j])&&(multiple[j] == 0))
+      {
+        possible = 0;
+        for (k = 1; (k < n + i)&&(!possible); k++)
+        {
+          if ((using[k])&&(k != j)&&(bigint(bound[k])*d[k] == bigint(bound[j])*d[j]))
+          {
+            possible = 1;
+          }
+        }
+        if (possible)
+        {
+          // ---- If possible == 1, then c_j has to be computed
+          intvec aux;
+          // ---- auxiliary vector containing all d[l] in use except d[j]
+          k = 1;
+          for (l = 1; l < n + i; l++)
+          {
+            if (using[l] && (l != j))
+            {
+              aux[k] = d[l];
+              k++;
+            }
+          }
+
+          multiple[j] = MinMult(d[j], aux);
+          kill aux;
+
+          if (j <= n)
+          {
+            if (level > 0)
+            {
+              mon = mon + (x(j)^multiple[j])*gen(j);
+            }
+          }
+          else
+          {
+            // ---- if j > n, it has to be checked if c_j belongs to a certain semigroup
+            intvec aux, sup;
+            k = 1;
+            for (l = 1; l <= n; l++)
+            {
+              if (mat[j, l] <> 0)
+              {
+                sup[k] = l;
+                aux[k] = d[l];
+                k++;
+              }
+            }
+            if (level > 0)
+            {
+              mon = mon + (BelongSemig(bigint(multiple[j])*d[j], aux, sup))*gen(j);
+              if (mon[j] == 0)
+              {
+                // ---- multiple[j]*d[j] does not belong to the semigroup generated by aux,
+                // ---- then it is NOT a complete intersection
+                return (0);
+              }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+              if (!BelongSemig(bigint(multiple[j])*d[j], aux))
+              {
+                // ---- multiple[j]*d[j] does not belong to the semigroup generated by aux,
+                // ---- then it is NOT a complete intersection
+                return (0);
+              }
+            }
+            kill sup;
+            kill aux;
+          }
+
+          // ---- Searching if there exist k such that multiple[k]*d[k]= multiple[j]*d[j]
+          equal = 0;
+          for (k = 1; k < n+i; k++)
+          {
+            if ((k <> j) && multiple[k] && using[k])
+            {
+              if (d[j]*bigint(multiple[j]) == d[k]*bigint(multiple[k]))
+              {
+                // found
+                equal = k;
+                break;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+          // ---- if equal = 0 no coincidence
+          if (!equal)
+          {
+            if (j == n + i - 1)
+            {
+              // ---- All multiple[k]*d[k] in use are different -> NOT complete intersection
+              return (0);
+            }
+          }
+          else
+          {
+            // ---- Next stage is prepared
+            if (level > 0)
+            {
+              //---- New generator of the toric ideal
+              id[i] = mon[j] - mon[equal];
+              if ((level > 1)&&(e == 1))
+              {
+                frob = frob + bigint(multiple[j])*d[j];
+              }
+            }
+            //---- Two exponents are removed and one is added
+            using[j] = 0;
+            using[equal] = 0;
+            using[n + i] = 1;
+            d[n + i] = gcd(d[j], d[equal]);  //---- new exponent
+            for (l = 1; l <= n; l++)
+            {
+              mat[n + i, l] = mat[j, l] + mat[equal, l];
+            }
+
+            // Bounds are reestablished
+            for (l = 1; l < n+i; l++)
+            {
+              if (using[l])
+              {
+                divide = gcd(d[l],d[n+i]);
+                new = d[n+i] div divide;
+                if ((multiple[l])&&(multiple[l] > new))
+                {
+                  return (0);
+                }
+                if (new < bound[l])
+                {
+                  bound[l] = new;
+                }
+                new = d[l] div divide;
+                if  ( !bound[n+i] || (new < bound[n+i]))
+                {
+                  bound[n+i] = new;
+                }
+              }
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      if (j == n + i - 1)
+      {
+        // ---- All multiple[k]*d[k] in use are different -> NOT complete intersection
+        return (0);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  if (level > 0)
+  {
+    "// Toric ideal: ";
+    id;
+    if ((level > 1)&&(e == 1))
+    {
+      "// Frobenius number of the numerical semigroup: ";
+      frob;
+    }
+  }
+  return(1);
+}
+example
+{ "EXAMPLE:";
+   printlevel = 0;
+   intvec d = 14,15,10,21;
+   CompInt(d);
+   printlevel = 3;
+   d = 36,54,125,150,225;
+   CompInt(d);
+   d = 45,70,75,98,147;
+   CompInt(d);
+};
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////