passagemath-modules 10.6.31rc3__cp314-cp314-musllinux_1_2_x86_64.whl

sage/matroids/flats_matroid.pyx

@@ -0,0 +1,715 @@
+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-modules
+# sage.doctest: needs sage.graphs
+r"""
+Flats matroids
+
+Matroids are characterized by a set of flats, which are sets invariant under
+closure. The ``FlatsMatroid`` class implements matroids using this information
+as data.
+
+A ``FlatsMatroid`` can be created from another matroid or from a dictionary of
+flats. For a full description of allowed inputs, see
+:class:`below <sage.matroids.flats_matroid.FlatsMatroid>`. It is
+recommended to use the :func:`Matroid() <sage.matroids.constructor.Matroid>`
+function for a more flexible way of constructing a ``FlatsMatroid`` and other
+classes of matroids. For direct access to the ``FlatsMatroid`` constructor,
+run::
+
+    sage: from sage.matroids.flats_matroid import FlatsMatroid
+
+AUTHORS:
+
+- Giorgos Mousa (2024-01-01): initial version
+"""
+
+# ****************************************************************************
+#       Copyright (C) 2024 Giorgos Mousa <gmousa@proton.me>
+#
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#                  https://www.gnu.org/licenses/
+# ****************************************************************************
+
+from cpython.object cimport Py_EQ, Py_NE
+from sage.structure.richcmp cimport rich_to_bool, richcmp
+from sage.matroids.matroid cimport Matroid
+from sage.matroids.set_system cimport SetSystem
+from sage.combinat.posets.lattices import LatticePoset, FiniteLatticePoset
+
+cdef class FlatsMatroid(Matroid):
+    r"""
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``M`` -- matroid (default: ``None``)
+    - ``groundset`` -- list (default: ``None``); the groundset of the matroid
+    - ``flats`` -- (default: ``None``) the dictionary of the lists of flats
+      (indexed by their rank), or the list of all flats, or the lattice of
+      flats of the matroid
+
+    .. NOTE::
+
+        For a more flexible means of input, use the ``Matroid()`` function.
+    """
+
+    # necessary (__init__, groundset, _rank)
+
+    def __init__(self, M=None, groundset=None, flats=None):
+        """
+        Initialization of the matroid. See the class docstring for full
+        documentation.
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: from sage.matroids.flats_matroid import FlatsMatroid
+            sage: M = FlatsMatroid(matroids.catalog.Fano())
+            sage: TestSuite(M).run()
+        """
+        self._F = {}
+        self._L = None
+        if M is not None:
+            self._groundset = M.groundset()
+            for i in range(M.rank() + 1):
+                for F in M.flats(i):
+                    try:
+                        self._F[i].add(F)
+                    except KeyError:
+                        self._F[i] = set()
+                        self._F[i].add(F)
+        else:
+            self._groundset = frozenset(groundset)
+            if isinstance(flats, dict):
+                for i in sorted(flats):
+                    for F in flats[i]:
+                        try:
+                            self._F[i].add(frozenset(F))
+                        except KeyError:
+                            self._F[i] = set()
+                            self._F[i].add(frozenset(F))
+            else:  # store lattice of flats
+                if isinstance(flats, FiniteLatticePoset):
+                    self._L = flats
+                else:  # assume iterable of flats
+                    self._L = LatticePoset(([frozenset(F) for F in flats], lambda x, y: x < y))
+                self._matroid_rank = self._L.rank()
+                for i in range(self._matroid_rank + 1):
+                    self._F[i] = set()
+                for x in self._L:
+                    self._F[self._L.rank(x)].add(x)
+        self._matroid_rank = max(self._F, default=-1)
+
+    cpdef frozenset groundset(self):
+        """
+        Return the groundset of the matroid.
+
+        The groundset is the set of elements that comprise the matroid.
+
+        OUTPUT: :class:`frozenset`
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.matroids.flats_matroid import FlatsMatroid
+            sage: M = FlatsMatroid(matroids.Theta(2))
+            sage: sorted(M.groundset())
+            ['x0', 'x1', 'y0', 'y1']
+        """
+        return self._groundset
+
+    cpdef int _rank(self, frozenset X) except? -1:
+        """
+        Return the rank of a set ``X``.
+
+        This method does no checking on ``X``, and ``X`` may be assumed to have
+        the same interface as ``frozenset``.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``X`` -- an object with Python's ``frozenset`` interface
+
+        OUTPUT: integer
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.matroids.flats_matroid import FlatsMatroid
+            sage: M = FlatsMatroid(matroids.Theta(3))
+            sage: M._rank(frozenset(['x1', 'y0', 'y2']))
+            2
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: from sage.matroids.flats_matroid import FlatsMatroid
+            sage: M = matroids.catalog.NonDesargues()
+            sage: F = FlatsMatroid(M)
+            sage: for S in powerset(M.groundset()):
+            ....:     assert M.rank(S) == F.rank(S)
+        """
+        for i in range(self._matroid_rank + 1):
+            for f in self._F[i]:
+                if f >= X:
+                    return i
+
+    # optional
+
+    cpdef full_rank(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the rank of the matroid.
+
+        The *rank* of the matroid is the size of the largest independent
+        subset of the groundset.
+
+        OUTPUT: integer
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.matroids.flats_matroid import FlatsMatroid
+            sage: M = FlatsMatroid(matroids.Theta(6))
+            sage: M.full_rank()
+            6
+        """
+        return self._matroid_rank
+
+    cpdef frozenset _closure(self, frozenset X):
+        """
+        Return the closure of a set.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``X`` -- an object with Python's ``frozenset`` interface containing
+          a subset of ``self.groundset()``
+
+        OUTPUT: :class:`frozenset`
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.matroids.flats_matroid import FlatsMatroid
+            sage: M = FlatsMatroid(matroids.catalog.Vamos())
+            sage: sorted(M._closure(frozenset(['a', 'b', 'c'])))
+            ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
+        """
+        cdef int i
+        for i in range(self._matroid_rank + 1):
+            for f in self._F[i]:
+                if f >= X:
+                    return f
+
+    cpdef bint _is_closed(self, frozenset X) noexcept:
+        """
+        Test if input is a closed set.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``X`` -- an object with Python's ``frozenset`` interface containing
+          a subset of ``self.groundset()``
+
+        OUTPUT: boolean
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.matroids.flats_matroid import FlatsMatroid
+            sage: M = FlatsMatroid(matroids.catalog.Vamos())
+            sage: M._is_closed(frozenset(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']))
+            True
+            sage: M._is_closed(frozenset(['a', 'b', 'c', 'e']))
+            False
+        """
+        cdef int i
+        for i in self._F:
+            if X in self._F[i]:
+                return True
+        return False
+
+    cpdef _is_isomorphic(self, other, certificate=False):
+        """
+        Test if ``self`` is isomorphic to ``other``.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``other`` -- matroid
+        - ``certificate`` -- boolean (default: ``False``)
+
+        OUTPUT: boolean, and, if ``certificate=True``, a dictionary giving the
+        isomorphism or ``None``
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.matroids.flats_matroid import FlatsMatroid
+            sage: M = matroids.catalog.NonDesargues()
+            sage: N = FlatsMatroid(M)
+            sage: N._is_isomorphic(M)
+            True
+            sage: N._is_isomorphic(matroids.catalog.R9())
+            False
+
+        .. NOTE::
+
+            Internal version that does no input checking.
+        """
+        if certificate:
+            return self._is_isomorphic(other), self._isomorphism(other)
+        N = FlatsMatroid(other)
+        flats_self = [F for i in self._F for F in self._F[i]]
+        flats_other = [F for i in N._F for F in N._F[i]]
+        SS = SetSystem(self._groundset, flats_self)
+        OS = SetSystem(N._groundset, flats_other)
+        return SS._isomorphism(OS) is not None
+
+    # representation
+
+    def _repr_(self):
+        """
+        Return a string representation of the matroid.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.matroids.flats_matroid import FlatsMatroid
+            sage: M = FlatsMatroid(matroids.Uniform(6, 6)); M
+            Matroid of rank 6 on 6 elements with 64 flats
+        """
+        flats_num = sum(1 for i in self._F for F in self._F[i])
+        return f'{Matroid._repr_(self)} with {flats_num} flats'
+
+    # comparison
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        r"""
+        Return an invariant of the matroid.
+
+        This function is called when matroids are added to a set. It is very
+        desirable to override it so it can distinguish matroids on the same
+        groundset, which is a very typical use case!
+
+        .. WARNING::
+
+            This method is linked to ``__richcmp__`` (in Cython) and ``__cmp__``
+            or ``__eq__``/``__ne__`` (in Python). If you override one, you
+            should (and, in Cython, \emph{must}) override the other!
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.matroids.flats_matroid import FlatsMatroid
+            sage: M = FlatsMatroid(matroids.catalog.Vamos())
+            sage: N = FlatsMatroid(matroids.catalog.Vamos())
+            sage: hash(M) == hash(N)
+            True
+            sage: O = FlatsMatroid(matroids.catalog.NonVamos())
+            sage: hash(M) == hash(O)
+            False
+        """
+        flats = frozenset([F for i in self._F for F in self._F[i]])
+        return hash(tuple([self._groundset, flats]))
+
+    def __richcmp__(left, right, int op):
+        r"""
+        Compare two matroids.
+
+        We take a very restricted view on equality: the objects need to be of
+        the exact same type (so no subclassing) and the internal data need to
+        be the same. For FlatsMatroids, this means that the groundsets and the
+        dictionaries of flats of the two matroids are equal.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.matroids.flats_matroid import FlatsMatroid
+            sage: M = FlatsMatroid(matroids.catalog.Pappus())
+            sage: N = FlatsMatroid(matroids.catalog.NonPappus())
+            sage: M == N
+            False
+            sage: N = Matroid(M.bases())
+            sage: M == N
+            False
+        """
+        cdef FlatsMatroid lt, rt
+        if op not in [Py_EQ, Py_NE]:
+            return NotImplemented
+        if type(left) is not type(right):
+            return NotImplemented
+        lt = <FlatsMatroid> left
+        rt = <FlatsMatroid> right
+        if lt.groundset() != rt.groundset():
+            return rich_to_bool(op, 1)
+        if lt.full_rank() != rt.full_rank():
+            return rich_to_bool(op, 1)
+        return richcmp(lt._F, rt._F, op)
+
+    # copying, loading, saving
+
+    def __reduce__(self):
+        """
+        Save the matroid for later reloading.
+
+        OUTPUT:
+
+        A tuple ``(unpickle, (version, data))``, where ``unpickle`` is the
+        name of a function that, when called with ``(version, data)``,
+        produces a matroid isomorphic to ``self``. ``version`` is an integer
+        (currently 0) and ``data`` is a tuple ``(E, F, name)`` where ``E`` is
+        the groundset, ``F`` is the dictionary of flats, and ``name`` is a
+        custom name.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.matroids.flats_matroid import FlatsMatroid
+            sage: M = FlatsMatroid(matroids.catalog.Vamos())
+            sage: M == loads(dumps(M))  # indirect doctest
+            True
+            sage: M.reset_name()
+            sage: loads(dumps(M))
+            Matroid of rank 4 on 8 elements with 79 flats
+        """
+        import sage.matroids.unpickling
+        data = (self._groundset, self._F, self.get_custom_name())
+        version = 0
+        return sage.matroids.unpickling.unpickle_flats_matroid, (version, data)
+
+    cpdef relabel(self, mapping):
+        r"""
+        Return an isomorphic matroid with relabeled groundset.
+
+        The output is obtained by relabeling each element `e` by
+        ``mapping[e]``, where ``mapping`` is a given injective map. If
+        ``mapping[e]`` is not defined, then the identity map is assumed.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``mapping`` -- a Python object such that ``mapping[e]`` is the new
+          label of `e`
+
+        OUTPUT: matroid
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: # needs sage.rings.finite_rings
+            sage: from sage.matroids.flats_matroid import FlatsMatroid
+            sage: M = FlatsMatroid(matroids.catalog.RelaxedNonFano())
+            sage: sorted(M.groundset())
+            [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
+            sage: N = M.relabel({'g': 'x', 0: 'z'})  # 'g': 'x' is ignored
+            sage: from sage.matroids.utilities import cmp_elements_key
+            sage: sorted(N.groundset(), key=cmp_elements_key)
+            [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 'z']
+            sage: M.is_isomorphic(N)
+            True
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: # needs sage.rings.finite_rings
+            sage: from sage.matroids.flats_matroid import FlatsMatroid
+            sage: M = FlatsMatroid(matroids.catalog.RelaxedNonFano())
+            sage: f = {0: 'a', 1: 'b', 2: 'c', 3: 'd', 4: 'e', 5: 'f', 6: 'g'}
+            sage: N = M.relabel(f)
+            sage: for S in powerset(M.groundset()):
+            ....:     assert M.rank(S) == N.rank([f[x] for x in S])
+        """
+        d = self._relabel_map(mapping)
+        E = [d[x] for x in self._groundset]
+        F = {}
+        for i in self._F:
+            F[i] = []
+            F[i] += [[d[y] for y in x] for x in self._F[i]]
+        M = FlatsMatroid(groundset=E, flats=F)
+        return M
+
+    # enumeration
+
+    cpdef SetSystem flats(self, long k):
+        r"""
+        Return the flats of the matroid of specified rank.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``k`` -- integer
+
+        OUTPUT: :class:`SetSystem`
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.matroids.flats_matroid import FlatsMatroid
+            sage: M = FlatsMatroid(matroids.Uniform(3, 4))
+            sage: sorted(M.flats(2), key=str)
+            [frozenset({0, 1}),
+             frozenset({0, 2}),
+             frozenset({0, 3}),
+             frozenset({1, 2}),
+             frozenset({1, 3}),
+             frozenset({2, 3})]
+        """
+        if k in self._F:
+            return SetSystem(self._groundset, self._F[k])
+        return SetSystem(self._groundset)
+
+    def flats_iterator(self, k):
+        r"""
+        Return an iterator over the flats of the matroid of specified rank.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``k`` -- integer
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.matroids.flats_matroid import FlatsMatroid
+            sage: M = FlatsMatroid(matroids.Uniform(3, 4))
+            sage: sorted([list(F) for F in M.flats_iterator(2)])
+            [[0, 1], [0, 2], [0, 3], [1, 2], [1, 3], [2, 3]]
+        """
+        if k in self._F:
+            for F in self._F[k]:
+                yield F
+
+    def lattice_of_flats(self):
+        """
+        Return the lattice of flats of the matroid.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.matroids.flats_matroid import FlatsMatroid
+            sage: M = FlatsMatroid(matroids.catalog.Fano())
+            sage: M.lattice_of_flats()
+            Finite lattice containing 16 elements
+        """
+        if self._L is None:
+            flats = [F for i in range(self._matroid_rank + 1) for F in self._F[i]]
+            self._L = LatticePoset((flats, lambda x, y: x < y))
+        return self._L
+
+    cpdef list whitney_numbers(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the Whitney numbers of the first kind of the matroid.
+
+        The Whitney numbers of the first kind -- here encoded as a vector
+        `(w_0=1, \ldots, w_r)` -- are numbers of alternating sign, where `w_i`
+        is the value of the coefficient of the `(r-i)`-th degree term of the
+        matroid's characteristic polynomial. Moreover, `|w_i|` is the number of
+        `(i-1)`-dimensional faces of the broken circuit complex of the matroid.
+
+        OUTPUT: list of integers
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: from sage.matroids.flats_matroid import FlatsMatroid
+            sage: M = FlatsMatroid(matroids.catalog.BetsyRoss())
+            sage: M.whitney_numbers()
+            [1, -11, 35, -25]
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: M = Matroid(flats=[[0], [0, 1]])
+            sage: M.whitney_numbers()
+            []
+        """
+        if self.loops():
+            return []
+        cdef list w = [0] * (self._matroid_rank + 1)
+        if self._L is None:
+            for S in self.no_broken_circuits_sets_iterator():
+                w[len(S)] += 1
+            from sage.rings.integer_ring import ZZ
+            return [ZZ((-1)**i * abs_w) for (i, abs_w) in enumerate(w)]
+        else:
+            mu = self._L.moebius_function_matrix()
+            for (i, F) in enumerate(self._L.list()):
+                w[self._L.rank(F)] += mu[0, i]
+            return w
+
+    cpdef list whitney_numbers2(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the Whitney numbers of the second kind of the matroid.
+
+        The Whitney numbers of the second kind are here encoded as a vector
+        `(W_0, ..., W_r)`, where `W_i` is the number of flats of rank `i`, and
+        `r` is the rank of the matroid.
+
+        OUTPUT: list of integers
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: # needs sage.rings.finite_rings
+            sage: from sage.matroids.flats_matroid import FlatsMatroid
+            sage: M = FlatsMatroid(matroids.catalog.XY13())
+            sage: M.whitney_numbers2()
+            [1, 13, 78, 250, 394, 191, 1]
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: from sage.matroids.flats_matroid import FlatsMatroid
+            sage: for M in matroids.AllMatroids(4):  # optional - matroid_database
+            ....:     assert M.whitney_numbers2() == FlatsMatroid(M).whitney_numbers2()
+        """
+        cdef list W = []
+        cdef int i
+        for i in self._F:
+            W.append(len(self._F[i]))
+        return W
+
+    # verification
+
+    cpdef is_valid(self, certificate=False):
+        r"""
+        Test if ``self`` obeys the matroid axioms.
+
+        For a matroid defined by its flats, we check the flats axioms.
+
+        If the lattice of flats has already been computed, we instead perform
+        the equivalent check of whether it forms a geometric lattice.
+
+        INPUT:
+
+        - ``certificate`` -- boolean (default: ``False``)
+
+        OUTPUT: boolean, or (boolean, dictionary)
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: Matroid(flats={0: [[]], 1: [[0], [1]], 2: [[0, 1]]}).is_valid()
+            True
+            sage: Matroid(flats={0: [''], 1: ['a', 'b'], 2: ['ab']}).is_valid()
+            True
+            sage: M = Matroid(flats={0: [[]], 1: [[0], [1]]})  # missing groundset
+            sage: M.is_valid()
+            False
+            sage: M = Matroid(flats={0: [''],
+            ....:                    1: ['0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','a','b','c'],
+            ....:                    2: ['45','46','47','4c','56','57','5c','67','6c','7c',
+            ....:                        '048','149','24a','34b','059','15a','25b','358',
+            ....:                        '06a','16b','268','369','07b','178','279','37a',
+            ....:                        '0123c','89abc'],
+            ....:                    3: ['0123456789abc']})
+            sage: M.is_valid()
+            True
+            sage: from sage.matroids.flats_matroid import FlatsMatroid
+            sage: FlatsMatroid(matroids.catalog.NonVamos()).is_valid()
+            True
+
+        If we input a list or a lattice of flats, the method checks whether the
+        lattice of flats is geometric::
+
+            sage: Matroid(flats=[[], [0], [1], [0, 1]]).is_valid()
+            True
+            sage: Matroid(flats=['', 'a', 'b', 'ab']).is_valid()
+            True
+            sage: M = Matroid(flats=['',  # missing an extension of flat ['5'] by '6'
+            ....:                    '0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','a','b','c',
+            ....:                    '45','46','47','4c','57','5c','67','6c','7c',
+            ....:                    '048','149','24a','34b','059','15a','25b','358',
+            ....:                    '06a','16b','268','369','07b','178','279','37a',
+            ....:                    '0123c','89abc',
+            ....:                    '0123456789abc'])
+            sage: M.is_valid(certificate=True)
+            (False, {'error': 'the lattice of flats is not geometric'})
+            sage: Matroid(matroids.catalog.Fano().lattice_of_flats()).is_valid()
+            True
+
+        Some invalid lists of flats are recognized before calling ``is_valid``,
+        upon the attempted matroid definition::
+
+            sage: M = Matroid(flats=[[], [0], [1]])  # missing groundset
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            ValueError: not a join-semilattice: no top element
+            sage: Matroid(flats=[[0], [1], [0, 1]])  # missing an intersection
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            ValueError: not a meet-semilattice: no bottom element
+            sage: Matroid(flats=[[], [0, 1], [2], [0], [1], [0, 1, 2]])
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+            ...
+            ValueError: the poset is not ranked
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: Matroid(flats={0: [], 1: [[0], [1]], 2: [[0, 1]]}).is_valid(certificate=True)  # missing an intersection
+            (False, {'error': 'flats dictionary has invalid ranks'})
+            sage: Matroid(flats={0: [[]], 2: [[0], [1]], 3: [[0, 1]]}).is_valid(certificate=True)  # invalid ranks
+            (False, {'error': 'flats dictionary has invalid ranks'})
+            sage: Matroid(flats={0: [[]], 1: [[0], [1]], 2: [[0], [0, 1]]}).is_valid(certificate=True)  # duplicates
+            (False, {'error': 'flats dictionary has repeated flats'})
+            sage: Matroid(flats={0: [[]], 1: [[0], [1], [0, 1]]}).is_valid(certificate=True)
+            (False,
+             {'error': 'a single element extension of a flat must be a subset of exactly one flat',
+              'flat': frozenset()})
+            sage: Matroid(flats={0: [[]], 1: [[0, 1], [2]], 2: [[0], [1], [0, 1, 2]]}).is_valid(certificate=True)
+            (False,
+             {'error': 'the intersection of two flats must be a flat',
+              'flat 1': frozenset({0, 1}),
+              'flat 2': frozenset({1})})
+            sage: M = Matroid(flats={0: [''],  # missing an extension of flat ['5'] by '6'
+            ....:                    1: ['0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','a','b','c'],
+            ....:                    2: ['45','46','47','4c','57','5c','67','6c','7c',
+            ....:                        '048','149','24a','34b','059','15a','25b','358',
+            ....:                        '06a','16b','268','369','07b','178','279','37a',
+            ....:                        '0123c','89abc'],
+            ....:                    3: ['0123456789abc']})
+            sage: M.is_valid(certificate=True)
+            (False,
+             {'error': 'a single element extension of a flat must be a subset of exactly one flat',
+              'flat': frozenset({'...'})})
+            sage: M = Matroid(flats=[[], [0], [1], [0], [0, 1]])  # duplicates are ignored
+            sage: M.lattice_of_flats()
+            Finite lattice containing 4 elements
+            sage: M.is_valid(certificate=True)
+            (True, {})
+            sage: M = Matroid(flats=['',
+            ....:                    '0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','a','b','c',
+            ....:                    '45','46','47','4c','56','57','5c','67','6c','7c',
+            ....:                    '048','149','24a','34b','059','15a','25b','358',
+            ....:                    '06a','16b','268','369','07b','178','279','37a',
+            ....:                    '0123c','89abc',
+            ....:                    '0123456789abc'])
+            sage: M.is_valid(certificate=True)
+            (True, {})
+        """
+        if self._L is not None:  # if the lattice of flats is available
+            if certificate:
+                if not self._is_closed(self._groundset):
+                    return False, {"error": "the groundset must be a flat"}
+                if not self._L.is_geometric():
+                    return False, {"error": "the lattice of flats is not geometric"}
+                return True, {}
+            return self._is_closed(self._groundset) and self._L.is_geometric()
+
+        cdef int i, j, k
+        cdef frozenset F1, F2, I12
+        cdef list ranks, cover, flats_lst
+        cdef bint flag
+
+        # check flats dictionary for invalid ranks and repeated flats
+        ranks = list(self._F)
+        if ranks != list(range(len(ranks))):
+            return False if not certificate else (False, {"error": "flats dictionary has invalid ranks"})
+        flats_lst = [F for i in self._F for F in self._F[i]]
+        if len(flats_lst) != len(set(flats_lst)):
+            return False if not certificate else (False, {"error": "flats dictionary has repeated flats"})
+
+        # the groundset must be a flat
+        if not self._is_closed(self._groundset):
+            return False if not certificate else (False, {"error": "the groundset must be a flat"})
+
+        # a single element extension of a flat must be a subset of exactly one flat
+        for i in ranks[:-1]:
+            for F1 in self._F[i]:
+                cover = []
+                for F2 in self._F[i+1]:
+                    if F2 >= F1:
+                        cover.extend(F1 ^ F2)
+                if len(cover) != len(F1 ^ self._groundset) or set(cover) != F1 ^ self._groundset:
+                    return False if not certificate else (False, {"error": "a single element extension of a flat must be a subset of exactly one flat", "flat": F1})
+
+        # the intersection of two flats must be a flat
+        for i in ranks:
+            for j in ranks[i:]:
+                for F1 in self._F[i]:
+                    for F2 in self._F[j]:
+                        flag = False
+                        I12 = F1 & F2
+                        for k in self._F:
+                            if k <= i:
+                                if I12 in self._F[k]:
+                                    flag = True
+                                    break
+                                if flag:
+                                    break
+                        if not flag:
+                            return False if not certificate else (False, {"error": "the intersection of two flats must be a flat", "flat 1": F1, "flat 2": F2})
+
+        return True if not certificate else (True, {})