passagemath-modules 10.6.31rc3__cp314-cp314-musllinux_1_2_x86_64.whl

sage/combinat/root_system/type_BC_affine.py

@@ -0,0 +1,287 @@
+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-modules
+"""
+Root system data for type BC affine
+"""
+#*****************************************************************************
+#       Copyright (C) 2008-2009 Daniel Bump
+#       Copyright (C) 2008-2009 Justin Walker
+#       Copyright (C) 2008-2009 Nicolas M. Thiery <nthiery at users.sf.net>,
+#
+#  Distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL)
+#                  http://www.gnu.org/licenses/
+#*****************************************************************************
+
+from .cartan_type import CartanType_standard_affine
+from sage.rings.integer_ring import ZZ
+
+
+class CartanType(CartanType_standard_affine):
+    def __init__(self, n):
+        """
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: ct = CartanType(['BC',4,2])
+            sage: ct
+            ['BC', 4, 2]
+            sage: ct._repr_(compact=True)
+            'BC4~'
+            sage: ct.dynkin_diagram()                                                   # needs sage.graphs
+            O=<=O---O---O=<=O
+            0   1   2   3   4
+            BC4~
+
+            sage: ct.is_irreducible()
+            True
+            sage: ct.is_finite()
+            False
+            sage: ct.is_affine()
+            True
+            sage: ct.is_crystallographic()
+            True
+            sage: ct.is_simply_laced()
+            False
+            sage: ct.classical()
+            ['C', 4]
+
+            sage: dual = ct.dual()
+            sage: dual.dynkin_diagram()                                                 # needs sage.graphs
+            O=>=O---O---O=>=O
+            0   1   2   3   4
+            BC4~*
+
+            sage: dual.special_node()
+            0
+            sage: dual.classical().dynkin_diagram()                                     # needs sage.graphs
+            O---O---O=>=O
+            1   2   3   4
+            B4
+
+            sage: CartanType(['BC',1,2]).dynkin_diagram()                               # needs sage.graphs
+              4
+            O=<=O
+            0   1
+            BC1~
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: TestSuite(ct).run()
+        """
+        assert n in ZZ and n >= 1
+        CartanType_standard_affine.__init__(self, "BC", n, 2)
+
+    def dynkin_diagram(self):
+        """
+        Return the extended Dynkin diagram for affine type BC.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: c = CartanType(['BC',3,2]).dynkin_diagram(); c                        # needs sage.graphs
+            O=<=O---O=<=O
+            0   1   2   3
+            BC3~
+            sage: c.edges(sort=True)                                                    # needs sage.graphs
+            [(0, 1, 1), (1, 0, 2), (1, 2, 1), (2, 1, 1), (2, 3, 1), (3, 2, 2)]
+
+            sage: c = CartanType(["A", 6, 2]).dynkin_diagram()  # should be the same as above; did fail at some point!  # needs sage.graphs
+            sage: c                                                                     # needs sage.graphs
+            O=<=O---O=<=O
+            0   1   2   3
+            BC3~
+            sage: c.edges(sort=True)                                                    # needs sage.graphs
+            [(0, 1, 1), (1, 0, 2), (1, 2, 1), (2, 1, 1), (2, 3, 1), (3, 2, 2)]
+
+            sage: c = CartanType(['BC',2,2]).dynkin_diagram(); c                        # needs sage.graphs
+            O=<=O=<=O
+            0   1   2
+            BC2~
+            sage: c.edges(sort=True)                                                    # needs sage.graphs
+            [(0, 1, 1), (1, 0, 2), (1, 2, 1), (2, 1, 2)]
+
+            sage: c = CartanType(['BC',1,2]).dynkin_diagram(); c                        # needs sage.graphs
+              4
+            O=<=O
+            0   1
+            BC1~
+            sage: c.edges(sort=True)                                                    # needs sage.graphs
+            [(0, 1, 1), (1, 0, 4)]
+        """
+        from .dynkin_diagram import DynkinDiagram_class
+        n = self.n
+        g = DynkinDiagram_class(self)
+        if n == 1:
+            g.add_edge(1,0,4)
+            return g
+        g.add_edge(1,0,2)
+        for i in range(1, n-1):
+            g.add_edge(i, i+1)
+        g.add_edge(n,n-1,2)
+        return g
+
+    def _latex_(self):
+        r"""
+        Return a latex representation of ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: latex(CartanType(['BC',4,2]))
+            BC_{4}^{(2)}
+
+            sage: CartanType.options.notation = 'Kac'
+            sage: latex(CartanType(['BC',4,2]))
+            A_{8}^{(2)}
+            sage: latex(CartanType(['A',8,2]))
+            A_{8}^{(2)}
+            sage: CartanType.options._reset()
+        """
+        if self.options.notation == "Kac":
+            return "A_{%s}^{(2)}" % (2 * self.classical().rank())
+        else:
+            return "BC_{%s}^{(2)}" % self.n
+
+    def _latex_dynkin_diagram(self, label=None, node=None, node_dist=2, dual=False):
+        r"""
+        Return a latex representation of the Dynkin diagram.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: print(CartanType(['BC',4,2])._latex_dynkin_diagram())
+            \draw (0, 0.1 cm) -- +(2 cm,0);
+            \draw (0, -0.1 cm) -- +(2 cm,0);
+            \draw[shift={(0.8, 0)}, rotate=180] (135 : 0.45cm) -- (0,0) -- (-135 : 0.45cm);
+            {
+            \pgftransformxshift{2 cm}
+            \draw (0 cm,0) -- (4 cm,0);
+            \draw (4 cm, 0.1 cm) -- +(2 cm,0);
+            \draw (4 cm, -0.1 cm) -- +(2 cm,0);
+            \draw[shift={(4.8, 0)}, rotate=180] (135 : 0.45cm) -- (0,0) -- (-135 : 0.45cm);
+            \draw[fill=white] (0 cm, 0 cm) circle (.25cm) node[below=4pt]{$1$};
+            \draw[fill=white] (2 cm, 0 cm) circle (.25cm) node[below=4pt]{$2$};
+            \draw[fill=white] (4 cm, 0 cm) circle (.25cm) node[below=4pt]{$3$};
+            \draw[fill=white] (6 cm, 0 cm) circle (.25cm) node[below=4pt]{$4$};
+            }
+            \draw[fill=white] (0 cm, 0 cm) circle (.25cm) node[below=4pt]{$0$};
+            <BLANKLINE>
+
+            sage: print(CartanType(['BC',4,2]).dual()._latex_dynkin_diagram())
+            \draw (0, 0.1 cm) -- +(2 cm,0);
+            \draw (0, -0.1 cm) -- +(2 cm,0);
+            \draw[shift={(1.2, 0)}, rotate=0] (135 : 0.45cm) -- (0,0) -- (-135 : 0.45cm);
+            {
+            \pgftransformxshift{2 cm}
+            \draw (0 cm,0) -- (4 cm,0);
+            \draw (4 cm, 0.1 cm) -- +(2 cm,0);
+            \draw (4 cm, -0.1 cm) -- +(2 cm,0);
+            \draw[shift={(5.2, 0)}, rotate=0] (135 : 0.45cm) -- (0,0) -- (-135 : 0.45cm);
+            \draw[fill=white] (0 cm, 0 cm) circle (.25cm) node[below=4pt]{$1$};
+            \draw[fill=white] (2 cm, 0 cm) circle (.25cm) node[below=4pt]{$2$};
+            \draw[fill=white] (4 cm, 0 cm) circle (.25cm) node[below=4pt]{$3$};
+            \draw[fill=white] (6 cm, 0 cm) circle (.25cm) node[below=4pt]{$4$};
+            }
+            \draw[fill=white] (0 cm, 0 cm) circle (.25cm) node[below=4pt]{$0$};
+            <BLANKLINE>
+        """
+        if label is None:
+            label = lambda i: i
+        if node is None:
+            node = self._latex_draw_node
+        if self.n == 1:
+            ret = "\\draw (0, 0.05 cm) -- +(%s cm,0);\n" % node_dist
+            ret += "\\draw (0, -0.05 cm) -- +(%s cm,0);\n" % node_dist
+            ret += "\\draw (0, 0.15 cm) -- +(%s cm,0);\n" % node_dist
+            ret += "\\draw (0, -0.15 cm) -- +(%s cm,0);\n" % node_dist
+            if dual:
+                ret += self._latex_draw_arrow_tip(0.5*node_dist+0.2, 0, 0)
+            else:
+                ret += self._latex_draw_arrow_tip(0.5*node_dist-0.2, 0, 180)
+            ret += node(0, 0, label(0))
+            ret += node(node_dist, 0, label(1))
+            return ret
+
+        ret = "\\draw (0, 0.1 cm) -- +(%s cm,0);\n" % node_dist
+        ret += "\\draw (0, -0.1 cm) -- +(%s cm,0);\n" % node_dist
+        if dual:
+            ret += self._latex_draw_arrow_tip(0.5*node_dist+0.2, 0, 0)
+        else:
+            ret += self._latex_draw_arrow_tip(0.5*node_dist-0.2, 0, 180)
+        ret += "{\n\\pgftransformxshift{%s cm}\n" % node_dist
+        ret += self.classical()._latex_dynkin_diagram(label, node, node_dist, dual=dual)
+        ret += "}\n" + node(0, 0, label(0))
+        return ret
+
+    def ascii_art(self, label=None, node=None):
+        """
+        Return a ascii art representation of the extended Dynkin diagram.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: print(CartanType(['BC',2,2]).ascii_art())
+            O=<=O=<=O
+            0   1   2
+            sage: print(CartanType(['BC',3,2]).ascii_art())
+            O=<=O---O=<=O
+            0   1   2   3
+            sage: print(CartanType(['BC',5,2]).ascii_art(label = lambda x: x+2))
+            O=<=O---O---O---O=<=O
+            2   3   4   5   6   7
+
+            sage: print(CartanType(['BC',1,2]).ascii_art(label = lambda x: x+2))
+              4
+            O=<=O
+            2   3
+        """
+        if label is None:
+            label = lambda i: i
+        if node is None:
+            node = self._ascii_art_node
+        n = self.n
+        if n == 1:
+            return "  4\n{}=<={}\n{!s:4}{!s:4}".format(node(label(0)), node(label(1)), label(0), label(1))
+        ret = node(label(0)) + "=<=" + "---".join(node(label(i)) for i in range(1,n))
+        ret += "=<=" + node(label(n)) + '\n'
+        ret += "".join("{!s:4}".format(label(i)) for i in range(n+1))
+        return ret
+
+    def classical(self):
+        """
+        Return the classical Cartan type associated with ``self``.
+
+            sage: CartanType(["BC", 3, 2]).classical()
+            ['C', 3]
+        """
+        from . import cartan_type
+        return cartan_type.CartanType(["C", self.n])
+
+    def basic_untwisted(self):
+        r"""
+        Return the basic untwisted Cartan type associated with this affine
+        Cartan type.
+
+        Given an affine type `X_n^{(r)}`, the basic untwisted type is `X_n`.
+        In other words, it is the classical Cartan type that is twisted to
+        obtain ``self``.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: CartanType(['A', 2, 2]).basic_untwisted()
+            ['A', 2]
+            sage: CartanType(['A', 4, 2]).basic_untwisted()
+            ['A', 4]
+            sage: CartanType(['BC', 4, 2]).basic_untwisted()
+            ['A', 8]
+        """
+        from . import cartan_type
+        return cartan_type.CartanType(["A", 2*self.n])
+
+    def _default_folded_cartan_type(self):
+        """
+        Return the default folded Cartan type.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: CartanType(['BC', 3, 2])._default_folded_cartan_type()
+            ['BC', 3, 2] as a folding of ['A', 5, 1]
+        """
+        from sage.combinat.root_system.type_folded import CartanTypeFolded
+        n = self.n
+        return CartanTypeFolded(self, ['A', 2*n - 1, 1],
+            [[0]] + [[i, 2*n-i] for i in range(1, n)] + [[n]])

sage/combinat/root_system/type_B_affine.py

@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-modules
+"""
+Root system data for (untwisted) type B affine
+"""
+#*****************************************************************************
+#       Copyright (C) 2008-2009 Nicolas M. Thiery <nthiery at users.sf.net>,
+#
+#  Distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL)
+#                  http://www.gnu.org/licenses/
+#*****************************************************************************
+
+from .cartan_type import CartanType_standard_untwisted_affine
+
+
+class CartanType(CartanType_standard_untwisted_affine):
+    def __init__(self, n):
+        """
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: ct = CartanType(['B',4,1])
+            sage: ct
+            ['B', 4, 1]
+            sage: ct._repr_(compact = True)
+            'B4~'
+
+            sage: ct.is_irreducible()
+            True
+            sage: ct.is_finite()
+            False
+            sage: ct.is_affine()
+            True
+            sage: ct.is_untwisted_affine()
+            True
+            sage: ct.is_crystallographic()
+            True
+            sage: ct.is_simply_laced()
+            False
+            sage: ct.classical()
+            ['B', 4]
+            sage: ct.dual()
+            ['B', 4, 1]^*
+            sage: ct.dual().is_untwisted_affine()
+            False
+
+        TESTS::
+
+            sage: TestSuite(ct).run()
+        """
+        assert n >= 1
+        CartanType_standard_untwisted_affine.__init__(self, "B", n)
+
+    def dynkin_diagram(self):
+        """
+        Return the extended Dynkin diagram for affine type `B`.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: # needs sage.graphs
+            sage: b = CartanType(['B',3,1]).dynkin_diagram(); b
+                O 0
+                |
+                |
+            O---O=>=O
+            1   2   3
+            B3~
+            sage: b.edges(sort=True)
+            [(0, 2, 1), (1, 2, 1), (2, 0, 1), (2, 1, 1), (2, 3, 2), (3, 2, 1)]
+            sage: b = CartanType(['B',2,1]).dynkin_diagram(); b
+            O=>=O=<=O
+            0   2   1
+            B2~
+            sage: b.edges(sort=True)
+            [(0, 2, 2), (1, 2, 2), (2, 0, 1), (2, 1, 1)]
+            sage: b = CartanType(['B',1,1]).dynkin_diagram(); b
+            O<=>O
+            0   1
+            B1~
+            sage: b.edges(sort=True)
+            [(0, 1, 2), (1, 0, 2)]
+        """
+        from . import cartan_type
+        n = self.n
+        if n == 1:
+            res = cartan_type.CartanType(["A",1,1]).dynkin_diagram()
+            res._cartan_type = self
+            return res
+        if n == 2:
+            res = cartan_type.CartanType(["C",2,1]).relabel({0:0, 1:2, 2:1}).dynkin_diagram()
+            res._cartan_type = self
+            return res
+        from .dynkin_diagram import DynkinDiagram_class
+        g = DynkinDiagram_class(self)
+        for i in range(1, n):
+            g.add_edge(i, i+1)
+        g.set_edge_label(n-1, n, 2)
+        g.add_edge(0,2)
+        return g
+
+    def _latex_dynkin_diagram(self, label=None, node=None, node_dist=2, dual=False):
+        r"""
+        Return a latex representation of the Dynkin diagram.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: print(CartanType(['B',4,1])._latex_dynkin_diagram())
+            \draw (0,0.7 cm) -- (2 cm,0);
+            \draw (0,-0.7 cm) -- (2 cm,0);
+            \draw (2 cm,0) -- (4 cm,0);
+            \draw (4 cm, 0.1 cm) -- +(2 cm,0);
+            \draw (4 cm, -0.1 cm) -- +(2 cm,0);
+            \draw[shift={(5.2, 0)}, rotate=0] (135 : 0.45cm) -- (0,0) -- (-135 : 0.45cm);
+            \draw[fill=white] (0 cm, 0.7 cm) circle (.25cm) node[left=3pt]{$0$};
+            \draw[fill=white] (0 cm, -0.7 cm) circle (.25cm) node[left=3pt]{$1$};
+            \draw[fill=white] (2 cm, 0 cm) circle (.25cm) node[below=4pt]{$2$};
+            \draw[fill=white] (4 cm, 0 cm) circle (.25cm) node[below=4pt]{$3$};
+            \draw[fill=white] (6 cm, 0 cm) circle (.25cm) node[below=4pt]{$4$};
+            <BLANKLINE>
+
+            sage: print(CartanType(['B',4,1]).dual()._latex_dynkin_diagram())
+            \draw (0,0.7 cm) -- (2 cm,0);
+            \draw (0,-0.7 cm) -- (2 cm,0);
+            \draw (2 cm,0) -- (4 cm,0);
+            \draw (4 cm, 0.1 cm) -- +(2 cm,0);
+            \draw (4 cm, -0.1 cm) -- +(2 cm,0);
+            \draw[shift={(4.8, 0)}, rotate=180] (135 : 0.45cm) -- (0,0) -- (-135 : 0.45cm);
+            \draw[fill=white] (0 cm, 0.7 cm) circle (.25cm) node[left=3pt]{$0$};
+            \draw[fill=white] (0 cm, -0.7 cm) circle (.25cm) node[left=3pt]{$1$};
+            \draw[fill=white] (2 cm, 0 cm) circle (.25cm) node[below=4pt]{$2$};
+            \draw[fill=white] (4 cm, 0 cm) circle (.25cm) node[below=4pt]{$3$};
+            \draw[fill=white] (6 cm, 0 cm) circle (.25cm) node[below=4pt]{$4$};
+            <BLANKLINE>
+        """
+        if label is None:
+            label = lambda i: i
+        if node is None:
+            node = self._latex_draw_node
+        if self.n == 1:
+            from . import cartan_type
+            return cartan_type.CartanType(["A",1,1])._latex_dynkin_diagram(label, node, node_dist)
+        elif self.n == 2:
+            from . import cartan_type
+            return cartan_type.CartanType(["C",2,1])._latex_dynkin_diagram(label, node, node_dist, dual)
+        n = self.n
+        single_end = (n-2)*node_dist # Where the single line ends
+        ret = "\\draw (0,0.7 cm) -- (%s cm,0);\n" % node_dist
+        ret += "\\draw (0,-0.7 cm) -- (%s cm,0);\n" % node_dist
+        ret += "\\draw (%s cm,0) -- (%s cm,0);\n" % (node_dist, single_end)
+        ret += "\\draw (%s cm, 0.1 cm) -- +(%s cm,0);\n" % (single_end, node_dist)
+        ret += "\\draw (%s cm, -0.1 cm) -- +(%s cm,0);\n" % (single_end, node_dist)
+        if dual:
+            ret += self._latex_draw_arrow_tip(single_end+0.5*node_dist-0.2, 0, 180)
+        else:
+            ret += self._latex_draw_arrow_tip(single_end+0.5*node_dist+0.2, 0, 0)
+        ret += node(0, 0.7, label(0), 'left=3pt')
+        ret += node(0, -0.7, label(1), 'left=3pt')
+        for i in range(1, n):
+            ret += node(i*node_dist, 0, label(i+1))
+        return ret
+
+    def ascii_art(self, label=None, node=None):
+        """
+        Return an ascii art representation of the extended Dynkin diagram.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: print(CartanType(['B',3,1]).ascii_art())
+                O 0
+                |
+                |
+            O---O=>=O
+            1   2   3
+
+            sage: print(CartanType(['B',5,1]).ascii_art(label = lambda x: x+2))
+                O 2
+                |
+                |
+            O---O---O---O=>=O
+            3   4   5   6   7
+
+            sage: print(CartanType(['B',2,1]).ascii_art(label = lambda x: x+2))
+            O=>=O=<=O
+            2   4   3
+            sage: print(CartanType(['B',1,1]).ascii_art(label = lambda x: x+2))
+            O<=>O
+            2   3
+        """
+        n = self.n
+        from .cartan_type import CartanType
+        if label is None:
+            label = lambda i: i
+        if node is None:
+            node = self._ascii_art_node
+        if n == 1:
+            return CartanType(["A",1,1]).ascii_art(label, node)
+        if n == 2:
+            return CartanType(["C",2,1]).relabel({0:0, 1:2, 2:1}).ascii_art(label, node)
+        ret = "    {} {}\n    |\n    |\n".format(node(label(0)), label(0))
+        ret += "---".join(node(label(i)) for i in range(1,n)) + "=>={}\n".format(node(label(n)))
+        ret += "".join("{!s:4}".format(label(i)) for i in range(1,n+1))
+        return ret
+
+    def _default_folded_cartan_type(self):
+        """
+        Return the default folded Cartan type.
+
+        EXAMPLES::
+
+            sage: CartanType(['B', 4, 1])._default_folded_cartan_type()
+            ['B', 4, 1] as a folding of ['D', 5, 1]
+        """
+        from sage.combinat.root_system.type_folded import CartanTypeFolded
+        n = self.n
+        if n == 1:
+            return CartanTypeFolded(self, ['A', 1, 1], [[0], [1]])
+        return CartanTypeFolded(self, ['D', n + 1, 1],
+            [[i] for i in range(n)] + [[n, n+1]])