lsurf 1.0.0__py3-none-any.whl

lsurf/materials/implementations/standard_materials.py

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+# The Clear BSD License
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Tobias Heibges
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted (subject to the limitations in the disclaimer
+# below) provided that the following conditions are met:
+#
+#      * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+#      this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#
+#      * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+#      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+#      documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+#
+#      * Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
+#      contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this
+#      software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# NO EXPRESS OR IMPLIED LICENSES TO ANY PARTY'S PATENT RIGHTS ARE GRANTED BY
+# THIS LICENSE. THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND
+# CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
+# PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR
+# CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
+# EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+# PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR
+# BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER
+# IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+# ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+# POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""
+Standard Material Constants
+
+Pre-defined materials for common optical media.
+
+Standard Materials
+------------------
+- VACUUM: n = 1.0 (by definition)
+- AIR_STP: n = 1.000293 (standard temperature and pressure)
+- WATER: n = 1.333, with absorption
+- BK7_GLASS: n = 1.5168, Schott optical glass
+"""
+
+from ..base import HomogeneousMaterial
+
+
+VACUUM = HomogeneousMaterial(
+    name="Vacuum",
+    refractive_index=1.0,
+    absorption_coef=0.0,
+    scattering_coef=0.0,
+    anisotropy=0.0,
+)
+"""
+Perfect vacuum with n = 1.0 (by definition).
+
+The refractive index of vacuum is exactly 1 by definition of the
+speed of light. No absorption or scattering.
+"""
+
+AIR_STP = HomogeneousMaterial(
+    name="Air (STP)",
+    refractive_index=1.000293,
+    absorption_coef=0.0,
+    scattering_coef=0.0,
+    anisotropy=0.0,
+)
+"""
+Air at standard temperature (273.15 K) and pressure (101.325 kPa).
+
+Refractive index from Ciddor (1996) for visible light.
+Dispersion is negligible for most applications.
+
+References
+----------
+.. [1] Ciddor, P. E. (1996). Appl. Opt., 35(9), 1566-1573.
+"""
+
+WATER = HomogeneousMaterial(
+    name="Water",
+    refractive_index=1.333,
+    absorption_coef=0.0045,  # ~0.045 per 10m at 550nm
+    scattering_coef=0.0,
+    anisotropy=0.0,
+)
+"""
+Pure water at 20°C.
+
+Refractive index is average for visible wavelengths.
+Absorption coefficient is approximate for green light (550 nm).
+Real water absorption is strongly wavelength-dependent.
+
+References
+----------
+.. [1] Hale & Querry (1973). Appl. Opt., 12(3), 555-563.
+"""
+
+BK7_GLASS = HomogeneousMaterial(
+    name="BK7 Glass",
+    refractive_index=1.5168,
+    absorption_coef=0.0,
+    scattering_coef=0.0,
+    anisotropy=0.0,
+)
+"""
+Schott N-BK7 borosilicate crown glass.
+
+Standard optical glass with excellent homogeneity.
+Refractive index given at 587.6 nm (d-line).
+For accurate work, use Sellmeier coefficients.
+
+References
+----------
+.. [1] Schott AG. Optical Glass Data Sheets.
+"""
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "VACUUM",
+    "AIR_STP",
+    "WATER",
+    "BK7_GLASS",
+]

lsurf/materials/implementations/turbulent_atmosphere.py

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+# The Clear BSD License
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Tobias Heibges
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted (subject to the limitations in the disclaimer
+# below) provided that the following conditions are met:
+#
+#      * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+#      this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#
+#      * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+#      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+#      documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+#
+#      * Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
+#      contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this
+#      software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# NO EXPRESS OR IMPLIED LICENSES TO ANY PARTY'S PATENT RIGHTS ARE GRANTED BY
+# THIS LICENSE. THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND
+# CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
+# PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR
+# CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
+# EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+# PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR
+# BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER
+# IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+# ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+# POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""
+Turbulent Atmosphere Implementation
+
+Atmosphere with Kolmogorov-like turbulence perturbations on a 3D grid.
+"""
+
+import numpy as np
+
+from ..base import GridInhomogeneousModel
+
+
+class TurbulentAtmosphere(GridInhomogeneousModel):
+    """
+    Atmosphere with Kolmogorov-like turbulence perturbations.
+
+    Creates a 3D grid of refractive index values with random turbulent
+    perturbations superimposed on an exponential baseline profile.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    bounds : tuple
+        ((x_min, x_max), (y_min, y_max), (z_min, z_max)) in meters
+    grid_resolution : tuple
+        (nx, ny, nz) grid points
+    baseline_n : float
+        Sea-level refractive index for baseline. Default 1.000293.
+    scale_height : float
+        Scale height for baseline exponential. Default 8500 m.
+    turbulence_strength : float
+        Strength of turbulent perturbations (relative). Default 1e-6.
+    outer_scale : float
+        Outer scale of turbulence in meters. Default 100 m.
+    seed : int, optional
+        Random seed for reproducibility.
+
+    Example
+    -------
+    >>> turb = TurbulentAtmosphere(
+    ...     bounds=((-5000, 5000), (-5000, 5000), (0, 20000)),
+    ...     grid_resolution=(64, 64, 32),
+    ...     turbulence_strength=1e-5,
+    ... )
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        bounds: tuple[tuple[float, float], ...],
+        grid_resolution: tuple[int, int, int] = (64, 64, 32),
+        baseline_n: float = 1.000293,
+        scale_height: float = 8500.0,
+        turbulence_strength: float = 1e-6,
+        outer_scale: float = 100.0,
+        seed: int | None = None,
+    ):
+        nx, ny, nz = grid_resolution
+        (x_min, x_max), (y_min, y_max), (z_min, z_max) = bounds
+
+        # Create coordinate grids
+        # x = np.linspace(x_min, x_max, nx)
+        # y = np.linspace(y_min, y_max, ny)
+        z = np.linspace(z_min, z_max, nz)
+        Z = np.zeros((nx, ny, nz))
+        for k in range(nz):
+            Z[:, :, k] = z[k]
+
+        # Baseline exponential profile
+        delta_n = baseline_n - 1.0
+        n_grid = 1.0 + delta_n * np.exp(-Z / scale_height)
+
+        # Add turbulent perturbations
+        if seed is not None:
+            np.random.seed(seed)
+
+        # Simple turbulence model using filtered noise
+        # (Real Kolmogorov turbulence would use proper power spectrum)
+        noise = np.random.randn(nx, ny, nz)
+
+        # Smooth with Gaussian filter to create correlated structure
+        from scipy.ndimage import gaussian_filter
+
+        dx = (x_max - x_min) / (nx - 1)
+        sigma = outer_scale / dx / 2.0  # Filter scale in grid units
+        turbulence = gaussian_filter(noise, sigma=sigma, mode="wrap")
+
+        # Normalize and scale turbulence
+        turbulence = turbulence / np.std(turbulence) * turbulence_strength
+
+        # Add to baseline (scaled by local n-1 to preserve physics)
+        n_grid = n_grid + turbulence * (n_grid - 1.0)
+
+        super().__init__(
+            name="Turbulent Atmosphere",
+            n_grid=n_grid.astype(np.float32),
+            bounds=bounds,
+        )
+
+        self.baseline_n = baseline_n
+        self.scale_height = scale_height
+        self.turbulence_strength = turbulence_strength
+
+
+__all__ = ["TurbulentAtmosphere"]

lsurf/materials/implementations/us_standard_atmosphere.py

@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+# The Clear BSD License
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Tobias Heibges
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted (subject to the limitations in the disclaimer
+# below) provided that the following conditions are met:
+#
+#      * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+#      this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#
+#      * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+#      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+#      documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+#
+#      * Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
+#      contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this
+#      software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# NO EXPRESS OR IMPLIED LICENSES TO ANY PARTY'S PATENT RIGHTS ARE GRANTED BY
+# THIS LICENSE. THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND
+# CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
+# PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR
+# CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
+# EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+# PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR
+# BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER
+# IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+# ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+# POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""
+US Standard Atmosphere (1976) Implementation
+
+Implements a piecewise atmosphere model with:
+- Troposphere (0-11 km): Temperature lapse rate
+- Stratosphere (11-20 km): Isothermal
+- Upper stratosphere (20-32 km): Temperature inversion
+"""
+
+import math
+
+from ..base import SimpleInhomogeneousModel
+from ..utils.constants import EARTH_RADIUS
+
+
+class USStandardAtmosphere(SimpleInhomogeneousModel):
+    """
+    US Standard Atmosphere (1976) approximation.
+
+    Implements a piecewise atmosphere model with:
+    - Troposphere (0-11 km): Temperature lapse rate
+    - Stratosphere (11-20 km): Isothermal
+    - Upper stratosphere (20-32 km): Temperature inversion
+
+    This is more realistic than a simple exponential model but still
+    radially symmetric, making it a good fit for SimpleInhomogeneousModel.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    earth_center : tuple, optional
+        Center of Earth. Default is (0, 0, 0).
+    earth_radius : float, optional
+        Radius of Earth in meters. Default is 6,371,000 m.
+
+    Example
+    -------
+    >>> atm = USStandardAtmosphere()
+    >>> n = atm.get_refractive_index(0, 0, EARTH_RADIUS + 10000, 532e-9)
+    """
+
+    # US Standard Atmosphere constants
+    T0 = 288.15  # Sea level temperature (K)
+    P0 = 101325.0  # Sea level pressure (Pa)
+    L0 = -0.0065  # Temperature lapse rate in troposphere (K/m)
+    H_TROPOPAUSE = 11000.0  # Tropopause altitude (m)
+    T_TROPOPAUSE = 216.65  # Tropopause temperature (K)
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        earth_center: tuple[float, float, float] = (0.0, 0.0, 0.0),
+        earth_radius: float = EARTH_RADIUS,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(
+            name="US Standard Atmosphere",
+            center=earth_center,
+            reference_radius=earth_radius,
+            altitude_range=(0.0, 100_000.0),
+            lut_resolution=20000,
+        )
+        self.earth_center = earth_center
+        self.earth_radius = earth_radius
+
+    def n_at_altitude(self, altitude: float, wavelength: float | None = None) -> float:
+        """
+        Compute refractive index using US Standard Atmosphere model.
+
+        Uses the Edlen formula approximation: n - 1 ∝ P/T
+        """
+        altitude = max(altitude, 0.0)
+
+        if altitude <= self.H_TROPOPAUSE:
+            # Troposphere: linear temperature decrease
+            T = self.T0 + self.L0 * altitude
+            P = self.P0 * (T / self.T0) ** (-9.80665 / (self.L0 * 287.053))
+        elif altitude <= 20000:
+            # Lower stratosphere: isothermal
+            T = self.T_TROPOPAUSE
+            P_trop = self.P0 * (self.T_TROPOPAUSE / self.T0) ** (
+                -9.80665 / (self.L0 * 287.053)
+            )
+            P = P_trop * math.exp(
+                -9.80665 * (altitude - self.H_TROPOPAUSE) / (287.053 * T)
+            )
+        else:
+            # Upper stratosphere: simplified
+            T = self.T_TROPOPAUSE + 0.001 * (altitude - 20000)
+            P_20km = (
+                self.P0
+                * (self.T_TROPOPAUSE / self.T0) ** (-9.80665 / (self.L0 * 287.053))
+                * math.exp(-9.80665 * 9000 / (287.053 * self.T_TROPOPAUSE))
+            )
+            P = P_20km * math.exp(-9.80665 * (altitude - 20000) / (287.053 * T))
+
+        # Edlen formula approximation for dry air
+        # n - 1 = 0.000293 * (P/P0) * (T0/T)
+        refractivity = 0.000293 * (P / self.P0) * (self.T0 / T)
+        return 1.0 + refractivity
+
+    def dn_dh_at_altitude(
+        self, altitude: float, wavelength: float | None = None
+    ) -> float:
+        """Numerical derivative (accurate enough given model complexity)."""
+        eps = 10.0  # 10 meter step
+        h_plus = max(altitude + eps, 0.0)
+        h_minus = max(altitude - eps, 0.0)
+
+        if h_plus == h_minus:
+            return 0.0
+
+        return (
+            self.n_at_altitude(h_plus, wavelength)
+            - self.n_at_altitude(h_minus, wavelength)
+        ) / (h_plus - h_minus)
+
+
+__all__ = ["USStandardAtmosphere"]

lsurf/materials/utils/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+# The Clear BSD License
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Tobias Heibges
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted (subject to the limitations in the disclaimer
+# below) provided that the following conditions are met:
+#
+#      * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+#      this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#
+#      * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+#      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+#      documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+#
+#      * Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
+#      contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this
+#      software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# NO EXPRESS OR IMPLIED LICENSES TO ANY PARTY'S PATENT RIGHTS ARE GRANTED BY
+# THIS LICENSE. THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND
+# CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
+# PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR
+# CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
+# EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+# PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR
+# BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER
+# IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+# ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+# POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""
+Utilities for Materials Module
+
+This submodule contains utility functions for the materials system:
+
+- Dispersion functions (Sellmeier, Cauchy)
+- Factory functions for creating dispersive materials
+- GPU device functions for CUDA kernels
+- Physical constants
+"""
+
+from .constants import (
+    EARTH_RADIUS,
+    SCALE_HEIGHT_DEFAULT,
+    N_SEA_LEVEL,
+)
+from .dispersion import (
+    sellmeier_refractive_index,
+    cauchy_refractive_index,
+)
+from .factories import (
+    create_sellmeier_material,
+    create_cauchy_material,
+)
+from .device_functions import (
+    device_sellmeier_equation,
+    device_cauchy_equation,
+)
+
+__all__ = [
+    # Constants
+    "EARTH_RADIUS",
+    "SCALE_HEIGHT_DEFAULT",
+    "N_SEA_LEVEL",
+    # Dispersion functions
+    "sellmeier_refractive_index",
+    "cauchy_refractive_index",
+    # Factory functions
+    "create_sellmeier_material",
+    "create_cauchy_material",
+    # GPU device functions
+    "device_sellmeier_equation",
+    "device_cauchy_equation",
+]

lsurf/materials/utils/constants.py

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+# The Clear BSD License
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Tobias Heibges
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted (subject to the limitations in the disclaimer
+# below) provided that the following conditions are met:
+#
+#      * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+#      this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#
+#      * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+#      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+#      documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+#
+#      * Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
+#      contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this
+#      software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# NO EXPRESS OR IMPLIED LICENSES TO ANY PARTY'S PATENT RIGHTS ARE GRANTED BY
+# THIS LICENSE. THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND
+# CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
+# PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR
+# CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
+# EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+# PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR
+# BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER
+# IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+# ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+# POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""
+Physical Constants for Materials Module
+
+Contains commonly used physical constants for atmospheric and optical calculations.
+"""
+
+# Earth parameters
+EARTH_RADIUS = 6_371_000.0  # meters
+
+# Atmospheric constants
+SCALE_HEIGHT_DEFAULT = 8500.0  # meters (typical for troposphere)
+N_SEA_LEVEL = 1.000293  # Refractive index of air at STP

lsurf/materials/utils/device_functions.py

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+# The Clear BSD License
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Tobias Heibges
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted (subject to the limitations in the disclaimer
+# below) provided that the following conditions are met:
+#
+#      * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+#      this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#
+#      * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+#      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+#      documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+#
+#      * Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
+#      contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this
+#      software without specific prior written permission.
+#
+# NO EXPRESS OR IMPLIED LICENSES TO ANY PARTY'S PATENT RIGHTS ARE GRANTED BY
+# THIS LICENSE. THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND
+# CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
+# PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR
+# CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
+# EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+# PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR
+# BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER
+# IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+# ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+# POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+"""
+GPU Device Functions (Numba CUDA compatible)
+
+Contains functions designed to be used in Numba CUDA kernels.
+These should be compiled with @cuda.jit(device=True) in GPU modules.
+"""
+
+import math
+
+
+def device_sellmeier_equation(
+    wl_um: float,
+    B1: float,
+    B2: float,
+    B3: float,
+    C1: float,
+    C2: float,
+    C3: float,
+) -> float:
+    """
+    GPU-compatible Sellmeier equation.
+
+    For use in Numba CUDA kernels. Computes refractive index
+    from wavelength and Sellmeier coefficients.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    wl_um : float
+        Wavelength in micrometers.
+    B1, B2, B3 : float
+        Sellmeier B coefficients.
+    C1, C2, C3 : float
+        Sellmeier C coefficients in μm².
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    n : float
+        Refractive index.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    This function is designed to be compiled with @cuda.jit(device=True).
+    Import and compile in your GPU module.
+    """
+    wl2 = wl_um * wl_um
+    n2_minus_1 = B1 * wl2 / (wl2 - C1) + B2 * wl2 / (wl2 - C2) + B3 * wl2 / (wl2 - C3)
+    return math.sqrt(1.0 + n2_minus_1)
+
+
+def device_cauchy_equation(
+    wl_um: float,
+    A: float,
+    B: float,
+    C: float,
+) -> float:
+    """
+    GPU-compatible Cauchy equation.
+
+    For use in Numba CUDA kernels. Computes refractive index
+    from wavelength and Cauchy coefficients.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    wl_um : float
+        Wavelength in micrometers.
+    A : float
+        Constant term.
+    B : float
+        First-order dispersion coefficient in μm².
+    C : float
+        Second-order dispersion coefficient in μm⁴.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    n : float
+        Refractive index.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    This function is designed to be compiled with @cuda.jit(device=True).
+    Import and compile in your GPU module.
+    """
+    wl2 = wl_um * wl_um
+    return A + B / wl2 + C / (wl2 * wl2)