com.googler.python 1.1.4 → 1.1.5

package/python3.6.2/lib/python3.6/tkinter/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,4002 @@
+"""Wrapper functions for Tcl/Tk.
+
+Tkinter provides classes which allow the display, positioning and
+control of widgets. Toplevel widgets are Tk and Toplevel. Other
+widgets are Frame, Label, Entry, Text, Canvas, Button, Radiobutton,
+Checkbutton, Scale, Listbox, Scrollbar, OptionMenu, Spinbox
+LabelFrame and PanedWindow.
+
+Properties of the widgets are specified with keyword arguments.
+Keyword arguments have the same name as the corresponding resource
+under Tk.
+
+Widgets are positioned with one of the geometry managers Place, Pack
+or Grid. These managers can be called with methods place, pack, grid
+available in every Widget.
+
+Actions are bound to events by resources (e.g. keyword argument
+command) or with the method bind.
+
+Example (Hello, World):
+import tkinter
+from tkinter.constants import *
+tk = tkinter.Tk()
+frame = tkinter.Frame(tk, relief=RIDGE, borderwidth=2)
+frame.pack(fill=BOTH,expand=1)
+label = tkinter.Label(frame, text="Hello, World")
+label.pack(fill=X, expand=1)
+button = tkinter.Button(frame,text="Exit",command=tk.destroy)
+button.pack(side=BOTTOM)
+tk.mainloop()
+"""
+
+import enum
+import sys
+
+import _tkinter # If this fails your Python may not be configured for Tk
+TclError = _tkinter.TclError
+from tkinter.constants import *
+import re
+
+
+wantobjects = 1
+
+TkVersion = float(_tkinter.TK_VERSION)
+TclVersion = float(_tkinter.TCL_VERSION)
+
+READABLE = _tkinter.READABLE
+WRITABLE = _tkinter.WRITABLE
+EXCEPTION = _tkinter.EXCEPTION
+
+
+_magic_re = re.compile(r'([\\{}])')
+_space_re = re.compile(r'([\s])', re.ASCII)
+
+def _join(value):
+    """Internal function."""
+    return ' '.join(map(_stringify, value))
+
+def _stringify(value):
+    """Internal function."""
+    if isinstance(value, (list, tuple)):
+        if len(value) == 1:
+            value = _stringify(value[0])
+            if value[0] == '{':
+                value = '{%s}' % value
+        else:
+            value = '{%s}' % _join(value)
+    else:
+        value = str(value)
+        if not value:
+            value = '{}'
+        elif _magic_re.search(value):
+            # add '\' before special characters and spaces
+            value = _magic_re.sub(r'\\\1', value)
+            value = _space_re.sub(r'\\\1', value)
+        elif value[0] == '"' or _space_re.search(value):
+            value = '{%s}' % value
+    return value
+
+def _flatten(seq):
+    """Internal function."""
+    res = ()
+    for item in seq:
+        if isinstance(item, (tuple, list)):
+            res = res + _flatten(item)
+        elif item is not None:
+            res = res + (item,)
+    return res
+
+try: _flatten = _tkinter._flatten
+except AttributeError: pass
+
+def _cnfmerge(cnfs):
+    """Internal function."""
+    if isinstance(cnfs, dict):
+        return cnfs
+    elif isinstance(cnfs, (type(None), str)):
+        return cnfs
+    else:
+        cnf = {}
+        for c in _flatten(cnfs):
+            try:
+                cnf.update(c)
+            except (AttributeError, TypeError) as msg:
+                print("_cnfmerge: fallback due to:", msg)
+                for k, v in c.items():
+                    cnf[k] = v
+        return cnf
+
+try: _cnfmerge = _tkinter._cnfmerge
+except AttributeError: pass
+
+def _splitdict(tk, v, cut_minus=True, conv=None):
+    """Return a properly formatted dict built from Tcl list pairs.
+
+    If cut_minus is True, the supposed '-' prefix will be removed from
+    keys. If conv is specified, it is used to convert values.
+
+    Tcl list is expected to contain an even number of elements.
+    """
+    t = tk.splitlist(v)
+    if len(t) % 2:
+        raise RuntimeError('Tcl list representing a dict is expected '
+                           'to contain an even number of elements')
+    it = iter(t)
+    dict = {}
+    for key, value in zip(it, it):
+        key = str(key)
+        if cut_minus and key[0] == '-':
+            key = key[1:]
+        if conv:
+            value = conv(value)
+        dict[key] = value
+    return dict
+
+
+class EventType(str, enum.Enum):
+    KeyPress = '2'
+    Key = KeyPress,
+    KeyRelease = '3'
+    ButtonPress = '4'
+    Button = ButtonPress,
+    ButtonRelease = '5'
+    Motion = '6'
+    Enter = '7'
+    Leave = '8'
+    FocusIn = '9'
+    FocusOut = '10'
+    Keymap = '11'           # undocumented
+    Expose = '12'
+    GraphicsExpose = '13'   # undocumented
+    NoExpose = '14'         # undocumented
+    Visibility = '15'
+    Create = '16'
+    Destroy = '17'
+    Unmap = '18'
+    Map = '19'
+    MapRequest = '20'
+    Reparent = '21'
+    Configure = '22'
+    ConfigureRequest = '23'
+    Gravity = '24'
+    ResizeRequest = '25'
+    Circulate = '26'
+    CirculateRequest = '27'
+    Property = '28'
+    SelectionClear = '29'   # undocumented
+    SelectionRequest = '30' # undocumented
+    Selection = '31'        # undocumented
+    Colormap = '32'
+    ClientMessage = '33'    # undocumented
+    Mapping = '34'          # undocumented
+    VirtualEvent = '35',    # undocumented
+    Activate = '36',
+    Deactivate = '37',
+    MouseWheel = '38',
+    def __str__(self):
+        return self.name
+
+class Event:
+    """Container for the properties of an event.
+
+    Instances of this type are generated if one of the following events occurs:
+
+    KeyPress, KeyRelease - for keyboard events
+    ButtonPress, ButtonRelease, Motion, Enter, Leave, MouseWheel - for mouse events
+    Visibility, Unmap, Map, Expose, FocusIn, FocusOut, Circulate,
+    Colormap, Gravity, Reparent, Property, Destroy, Activate,
+    Deactivate - for window events.
+
+    If a callback function for one of these events is registered
+    using bind, bind_all, bind_class, or tag_bind, the callback is
+    called with an Event as first argument. It will have the
+    following attributes (in braces are the event types for which
+    the attribute is valid):
+
+        serial - serial number of event
+    num - mouse button pressed (ButtonPress, ButtonRelease)
+    focus - whether the window has the focus (Enter, Leave)
+    height - height of the exposed window (Configure, Expose)
+    width - width of the exposed window (Configure, Expose)
+    keycode - keycode of the pressed key (KeyPress, KeyRelease)
+    state - state of the event as a number (ButtonPress, ButtonRelease,
+                            Enter, KeyPress, KeyRelease,
+                            Leave, Motion)
+    state - state as a string (Visibility)
+    time - when the event occurred
+    x - x-position of the mouse
+    y - y-position of the mouse
+    x_root - x-position of the mouse on the screen
+             (ButtonPress, ButtonRelease, KeyPress, KeyRelease, Motion)
+    y_root - y-position of the mouse on the screen
+             (ButtonPress, ButtonRelease, KeyPress, KeyRelease, Motion)
+    char - pressed character (KeyPress, KeyRelease)
+    send_event - see X/Windows documentation
+    keysym - keysym of the event as a string (KeyPress, KeyRelease)
+    keysym_num - keysym of the event as a number (KeyPress, KeyRelease)
+    type - type of the event as a number
+    widget - widget in which the event occurred
+    delta - delta of wheel movement (MouseWheel)
+    """
+    def __repr__(self):
+        attrs = {k: v for k, v in self.__dict__.items() if v != '??'}
+        if not self.char:
+            del attrs['char']
+        elif self.char != '??':
+            attrs['char'] = repr(self.char)
+        if not getattr(self, 'send_event', True):
+            del attrs['send_event']
+        if self.state == 0:
+            del attrs['state']
+        elif isinstance(self.state, int):
+            state = self.state
+            mods = ('Shift', 'Lock', 'Control',
+                    'Mod1', 'Mod2', 'Mod3', 'Mod4', 'Mod5',
+                    'Button1', 'Button2', 'Button3', 'Button4', 'Button5')
+            s = []
+            for i, n in enumerate(mods):
+                if state & (1 << i):
+                    s.append(n)
+            state = state & ~((1<< len(mods)) - 1)
+            if state or not s:
+                s.append(hex(state))
+            attrs['state'] = '|'.join(s)
+        if self.delta == 0:
+            del attrs['delta']
+        # widget usually is known
+        # serial and time are not very interesting
+        # keysym_num duplicates keysym
+        # x_root and y_root mostly duplicate x and y
+        keys = ('send_event',
+                'state', 'keysym', 'keycode', 'char',
+                'num', 'delta', 'focus',
+                'x', 'y', 'width', 'height')
+        return '<%s event%s>' % (
+            self.type,
+            ''.join(' %s=%s' % (k, attrs[k]) for k in keys if k in attrs)
+        )
+
+_support_default_root = 1
+_default_root = None
+
+def NoDefaultRoot():
+    """Inhibit setting of default root window.
+
+    Call this function to inhibit that the first instance of
+    Tk is used for windows without an explicit parent window.
+    """
+    global _support_default_root
+    _support_default_root = 0
+    global _default_root
+    _default_root = None
+    del _default_root
+
+def _tkerror(err):
+    """Internal function."""
+    pass
+
+def _exit(code=0):
+    """Internal function. Calling it will raise the exception SystemExit."""
+    try:
+        code = int(code)
+    except ValueError:
+        pass
+    raise SystemExit(code)
+
+_varnum = 0
+class Variable:
+    """Class to define value holders for e.g. buttons.
+
+    Subclasses StringVar, IntVar, DoubleVar, BooleanVar are specializations
+    that constrain the type of the value returned from get()."""
+    _default = ""
+    _tk = None
+    _tclCommands = None
+    def __init__(self, master=None, value=None, name=None):
+        """Construct a variable
+
+        MASTER can be given as master widget.
+        VALUE is an optional value (defaults to "")
+        NAME is an optional Tcl name (defaults to PY_VARnum).
+
+        If NAME matches an existing variable and VALUE is omitted
+        then the existing value is retained.
+        """
+        # check for type of NAME parameter to override weird error message
+        # raised from Modules/_tkinter.c:SetVar like:
+        # TypeError: setvar() takes exactly 3 arguments (2 given)
+        if name is not None and not isinstance(name, str):
+            raise TypeError("name must be a string")
+        global _varnum
+        if not master:
+            master = _default_root
+        self._root = master._root()
+        self._tk = master.tk
+        if name:
+            self._name = name
+        else:
+            self._name = 'PY_VAR' + repr(_varnum)
+            _varnum += 1
+        if value is not None:
+            self.initialize(value)
+        elif not self._tk.getboolean(self._tk.call("info", "exists", self._name)):
+            self.initialize(self._default)
+    def __del__(self):
+        """Unset the variable in Tcl."""
+        if self._tk is None:
+            return
+        if self._tk.getboolean(self._tk.call("info", "exists", self._name)):
+            self._tk.globalunsetvar(self._name)
+        if self._tclCommands is not None:
+            for name in self._tclCommands:
+                #print '- Tkinter: deleted command', name
+                self._tk.deletecommand(name)
+            self._tclCommands = None
+    def __str__(self):
+        """Return the name of the variable in Tcl."""
+        return self._name
+    def set(self, value):
+        """Set the variable to VALUE."""
+        return self._tk.globalsetvar(self._name, value)
+    initialize = set
+    def get(self):
+        """Return value of variable."""
+        return self._tk.globalgetvar(self._name)
+
+    def _register(self, callback):
+        f = CallWrapper(callback, None, self._root).__call__
+        cbname = repr(id(f))
+        try:
+            callback = callback.__func__
+        except AttributeError:
+            pass
+        try:
+            cbname = cbname + callback.__name__
+        except AttributeError:
+            pass
+        self._tk.createcommand(cbname, f)
+        if self._tclCommands is None:
+            self._tclCommands = []
+        self._tclCommands.append(cbname)
+        return cbname
+
+    def trace_add(self, mode, callback):
+        """Define a trace callback for the variable.
+
+        Mode is one of "read", "write", "unset", or a list or tuple of
+        such strings.
+        Callback must be a function which is called when the variable is
+        read, written or unset.
+
+        Return the name of the callback.
+        """
+        cbname = self._register(callback)
+        self._tk.call('trace', 'add', 'variable',
+                      self._name, mode, (cbname,))
+        return cbname
+
+    def trace_remove(self, mode, cbname):
+        """Delete the trace callback for a variable.
+
+        Mode is one of "read", "write", "unset" or a list or tuple of
+        such strings.  Must be same as were specified in trace_add().
+        cbname is the name of the callback returned from trace_add().
+        """
+        self._tk.call('trace', 'remove', 'variable',
+                      self._name, mode, cbname)
+        for m, ca in self.trace_info():
+            if self._tk.splitlist(ca)[0] == cbname:
+                break
+        else:
+            self._tk.deletecommand(cbname)
+            try:
+                self._tclCommands.remove(cbname)
+            except ValueError:
+                pass
+
+    def trace_info(self):
+        """Return all trace callback information."""
+        splitlist = self._tk.splitlist
+        return [(splitlist(k), v) for k, v in map(splitlist,
+            splitlist(self._tk.call('trace', 'info', 'variable', self._name)))]
+
+    def trace_variable(self, mode, callback):
+        """Define a trace callback for the variable.
+
+        MODE is one of "r", "w", "u" for read, write, undefine.
+        CALLBACK must be a function which is called when
+        the variable is read, written or undefined.
+
+        Return the name of the callback.
+
+        This deprecated method wraps a deprecated Tcl method that will
+        likely be removed in the future.  Use trace_add() instead.
+        """
+        # TODO: Add deprecation warning
+        cbname = self._register(callback)
+        self._tk.call("trace", "variable", self._name, mode, cbname)
+        return cbname
+
+    trace = trace_variable
+
+    def trace_vdelete(self, mode, cbname):
+        """Delete the trace callback for a variable.
+
+        MODE is one of "r", "w", "u" for read, write, undefine.
+        CBNAME is the name of the callback returned from trace_variable or trace.
+
+        This deprecated method wraps a deprecated Tcl method that will
+        likely be removed in the future.  Use trace_remove() instead.
+        """
+        # TODO: Add deprecation warning
+        self._tk.call("trace", "vdelete", self._name, mode, cbname)
+        cbname = self._tk.splitlist(cbname)[0]
+        for m, ca in self.trace_info():
+            if self._tk.splitlist(ca)[0] == cbname:
+                break
+        else:
+            self._tk.deletecommand(cbname)
+            try:
+                self._tclCommands.remove(cbname)
+            except ValueError:
+                pass
+
+    def trace_vinfo(self):
+        """Return all trace callback information.
+
+        This deprecated method wraps a deprecated Tcl method that will
+        likely be removed in the future.  Use trace_info() instead.
+        """
+        # TODO: Add deprecation warning
+        return [self._tk.splitlist(x) for x in self._tk.splitlist(
+            self._tk.call("trace", "vinfo", self._name))]
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        """Comparison for equality (==).
+
+        Note: if the Variable's master matters to behavior
+        also compare self._master == other._master
+        """
+        return self.__class__.__name__ == other.__class__.__name__ \
+            and self._name == other._name
+
+class StringVar(Variable):
+    """Value holder for strings variables."""
+    _default = ""
+    def __init__(self, master=None, value=None, name=None):
+        """Construct a string variable.
+
+        MASTER can be given as master widget.
+        VALUE is an optional value (defaults to "")
+        NAME is an optional Tcl name (defaults to PY_VARnum).
+
+        If NAME matches an existing variable and VALUE is omitted
+        then the existing value is retained.
+        """
+        Variable.__init__(self, master, value, name)
+
+    def get(self):
+        """Return value of variable as string."""
+        value = self._tk.globalgetvar(self._name)
+        if isinstance(value, str):
+            return value
+        return str(value)
+
+class IntVar(Variable):
+    """Value holder for integer variables."""
+    _default = 0
+    def __init__(self, master=None, value=None, name=None):
+        """Construct an integer variable.
+
+        MASTER can be given as master widget.
+        VALUE is an optional value (defaults to 0)
+        NAME is an optional Tcl name (defaults to PY_VARnum).
+
+        If NAME matches an existing variable and VALUE is omitted
+        then the existing value is retained.
+        """
+        Variable.__init__(self, master, value, name)
+
+    def get(self):
+        """Return the value of the variable as an integer."""
+        value = self._tk.globalgetvar(self._name)
+        try:
+            return self._tk.getint(value)
+        except (TypeError, TclError):
+            return int(self._tk.getdouble(value))
+
+class DoubleVar(Variable):
+    """Value holder for float variables."""
+    _default = 0.0
+    def __init__(self, master=None, value=None, name=None):
+        """Construct a float variable.
+
+        MASTER can be given as master widget.
+        VALUE is an optional value (defaults to 0.0)
+        NAME is an optional Tcl name (defaults to PY_VARnum).
+
+        If NAME matches an existing variable and VALUE is omitted
+        then the existing value is retained.
+        """
+        Variable.__init__(self, master, value, name)
+
+    def get(self):
+        """Return the value of the variable as a float."""
+        return self._tk.getdouble(self._tk.globalgetvar(self._name))
+
+class BooleanVar(Variable):
+    """Value holder for boolean variables."""
+    _default = False
+    def __init__(self, master=None, value=None, name=None):
+        """Construct a boolean variable.
+
+        MASTER can be given as master widget.
+        VALUE is an optional value (defaults to False)
+        NAME is an optional Tcl name (defaults to PY_VARnum).
+
+        If NAME matches an existing variable and VALUE is omitted
+        then the existing value is retained.
+        """
+        Variable.__init__(self, master, value, name)
+
+    def set(self, value):
+        """Set the variable to VALUE."""
+        return self._tk.globalsetvar(self._name, self._tk.getboolean(value))
+    initialize = set
+
+    def get(self):
+        """Return the value of the variable as a bool."""
+        try:
+            return self._tk.getboolean(self._tk.globalgetvar(self._name))
+        except TclError:
+            raise ValueError("invalid literal for getboolean()")
+
+def mainloop(n=0):
+    """Run the main loop of Tcl."""
+    _default_root.tk.mainloop(n)
+
+getint = int
+
+getdouble = float
+
+def getboolean(s):
+    """Convert true and false to integer values 1 and 0."""
+    try:
+        return _default_root.tk.getboolean(s)
+    except TclError:
+        raise ValueError("invalid literal for getboolean()")
+
+# Methods defined on both toplevel and interior widgets
+class Misc:
+    """Internal class.
+
+    Base class which defines methods common for interior widgets."""
+
+    # used for generating child widget names
+    _last_child_ids = None
+
+    # XXX font command?
+    _tclCommands = None
+    def destroy(self):
+        """Internal function.
+
+        Delete all Tcl commands created for
+        this widget in the Tcl interpreter."""
+        if self._tclCommands is not None:
+            for name in self._tclCommands:
+                #print '- Tkinter: deleted command', name
+                self.tk.deletecommand(name)
+            self._tclCommands = None
+    def deletecommand(self, name):
+        """Internal function.
+
+        Delete the Tcl command provided in NAME."""
+        #print '- Tkinter: deleted command', name
+        self.tk.deletecommand(name)
+        try:
+            self._tclCommands.remove(name)
+        except ValueError:
+            pass
+    def tk_strictMotif(self, boolean=None):
+        """Set Tcl internal variable, whether the look and feel
+        should adhere to Motif.
+
+        A parameter of 1 means adhere to Motif (e.g. no color
+        change if mouse passes over slider).
+        Returns the set value."""
+        return self.tk.getboolean(self.tk.call(
+            'set', 'tk_strictMotif', boolean))
+    def tk_bisque(self):
+        """Change the color scheme to light brown as used in Tk 3.6 and before."""
+        self.tk.call('tk_bisque')
+    def tk_setPalette(self, *args, **kw):
+        """Set a new color scheme for all widget elements.
+
+        A single color as argument will cause that all colors of Tk
+        widget elements are derived from this.
+        Alternatively several keyword parameters and its associated
+        colors can be given. The following keywords are valid:
+        activeBackground, foreground, selectColor,
+        activeForeground, highlightBackground, selectBackground,
+        background, highlightColor, selectForeground,
+        disabledForeground, insertBackground, troughColor."""
+        self.tk.call(('tk_setPalette',)
+              + _flatten(args) + _flatten(list(kw.items())))
+    def wait_variable(self, name='PY_VAR'):
+        """Wait until the variable is modified.
+
+        A parameter of type IntVar, StringVar, DoubleVar or
+        BooleanVar must be given."""
+        self.tk.call('tkwait', 'variable', name)
+    waitvar = wait_variable # XXX b/w compat
+    def wait_window(self, window=None):
+        """Wait until a WIDGET is destroyed.
+
+        If no parameter is given self is used."""
+        if window is None:
+            window = self
+        self.tk.call('tkwait', 'window', window._w)
+    def wait_visibility(self, window=None):
+        """Wait until the visibility of a WIDGET changes
+        (e.g. it appears).
+
+        If no parameter is given self is used."""
+        if window is None:
+            window = self
+        self.tk.call('tkwait', 'visibility', window._w)
+    def setvar(self, name='PY_VAR', value='1'):
+        """Set Tcl variable NAME to VALUE."""
+        self.tk.setvar(name, value)
+    def getvar(self, name='PY_VAR'):
+        """Return value of Tcl variable NAME."""
+        return self.tk.getvar(name)
+
+    def getint(self, s):
+        try:
+            return self.tk.getint(s)
+        except TclError as exc:
+            raise ValueError(str(exc))
+
+    def getdouble(self, s):
+        try:
+            return self.tk.getdouble(s)
+        except TclError as exc:
+            raise ValueError(str(exc))
+
+    def getboolean(self, s):
+        """Return a boolean value for Tcl boolean values true and false given as parameter."""
+        try:
+            return self.tk.getboolean(s)
+        except TclError:
+            raise ValueError("invalid literal for getboolean()")
+
+    def focus_set(self):
+        """Direct input focus to this widget.
+
+        If the application currently does not have the focus
+        this widget will get the focus if the application gets
+        the focus through the window manager."""
+        self.tk.call('focus', self._w)
+    focus = focus_set # XXX b/w compat?
+    def focus_force(self):
+        """Direct input focus to this widget even if the
+        application does not have the focus. Use with
+        caution!"""
+        self.tk.call('focus', '-force', self._w)
+    def focus_get(self):
+        """Return the widget which has currently the focus in the
+        application.
+
+        Use focus_displayof to allow working with several
+        displays. Return None if application does not have
+        the focus."""
+        name = self.tk.call('focus')
+        if name == 'none' or not name: return None
+        return self._nametowidget(name)
+    def focus_displayof(self):
+        """Return the widget which has currently the focus on the
+        display where this widget is located.
+
+        Return None if the application does not have the focus."""
+        name = self.tk.call('focus', '-displayof', self._w)
+        if name == 'none' or not name: return None
+        return self._nametowidget(name)
+    def focus_lastfor(self):
+        """Return the widget which would have the focus if top level
+        for this widget gets the focus from the window manager."""
+        name = self.tk.call('focus', '-lastfor', self._w)
+        if name == 'none' or not name: return None
+        return self._nametowidget(name)
+    def tk_focusFollowsMouse(self):
+        """The widget under mouse will get automatically focus. Can not
+        be disabled easily."""
+        self.tk.call('tk_focusFollowsMouse')
+    def tk_focusNext(self):
+        """Return the next widget in the focus order which follows
+        widget which has currently the focus.
+
+        The focus order first goes to the next child, then to
+        the children of the child recursively and then to the
+        next sibling which is higher in the stacking order.  A
+        widget is omitted if it has the takefocus resource set
+        to 0."""
+        name = self.tk.call('tk_focusNext', self._w)
+        if not name: return None
+        return self._nametowidget(name)
+    def tk_focusPrev(self):
+        """Return previous widget in the focus order. See tk_focusNext for details."""
+        name = self.tk.call('tk_focusPrev', self._w)
+        if not name: return None
+        return self._nametowidget(name)
+    def after(self, ms, func=None, *args):
+        """Call function once after given time.
+
+        MS specifies the time in milliseconds. FUNC gives the
+        function which shall be called. Additional parameters
+        are given as parameters to the function call.  Return
+        identifier to cancel scheduling with after_cancel."""
+        if not func:
+            # I'd rather use time.sleep(ms*0.001)
+            self.tk.call('after', ms)
+        else:
+            def callit():
+                try:
+                    func(*args)
+                finally:
+                    try:
+                        self.deletecommand(name)
+                    except TclError:
+                        pass
+            callit.__name__ = func.__name__
+            name = self._register(callit)
+            return self.tk.call('after', ms, name)
+    def after_idle(self, func, *args):
+        """Call FUNC once if the Tcl main loop has no event to
+        process.
+
+        Return an identifier to cancel the scheduling with
+        after_cancel."""
+        return self.after('idle', func, *args)
+    def after_cancel(self, id):
+        """Cancel scheduling of function identified with ID.
+
+        Identifier returned by after or after_idle must be
+        given as first parameter."""
+        try:
+            data = self.tk.call('after', 'info', id)
+            # In Tk 8.3, splitlist returns: (script, type)
+            # In Tk 8.4, splitlist may return (script, type) or (script,)
+            script = self.tk.splitlist(data)[0]
+            self.deletecommand(script)
+        except TclError:
+            pass
+        self.tk.call('after', 'cancel', id)
+    def bell(self, displayof=0):
+        """Ring a display's bell."""
+        self.tk.call(('bell',) + self._displayof(displayof))
+
+    # Clipboard handling:
+    def clipboard_get(self, **kw):
+        """Retrieve data from the clipboard on window's display.
+
+        The window keyword defaults to the root window of the Tkinter
+        application.
+
+        The type keyword specifies the form in which the data is
+        to be returned and should be an atom name such as STRING
+        or FILE_NAME.  Type defaults to STRING, except on X11, where the default
+        is to try UTF8_STRING and fall back to STRING.
+
+        This command is equivalent to:
+
+        selection_get(CLIPBOARD)
+        """
+        if 'type' not in kw and self._windowingsystem == 'x11':
+            try:
+                kw['type'] = 'UTF8_STRING'
+                return self.tk.call(('clipboard', 'get') + self._options(kw))
+            except TclError:
+                del kw['type']
+        return self.tk.call(('clipboard', 'get') + self._options(kw))
+
+    def clipboard_clear(self, **kw):
+        """Clear the data in the Tk clipboard.
+
+        A widget specified for the optional displayof keyword
+        argument specifies the target display."""
+        if 'displayof' not in kw: kw['displayof'] = self._w
+        self.tk.call(('clipboard', 'clear') + self._options(kw))
+    def clipboard_append(self, string, **kw):
+        """Append STRING to the Tk clipboard.
+
+        A widget specified at the optional displayof keyword
+        argument specifies the target display. The clipboard
+        can be retrieved with selection_get."""
+        if 'displayof' not in kw: kw['displayof'] = self._w
+        self.tk.call(('clipboard', 'append') + self._options(kw)
+              + ('--', string))
+    # XXX grab current w/o window argument
+    def grab_current(self):
+        """Return widget which has currently the grab in this application
+        or None."""
+        name = self.tk.call('grab', 'current', self._w)
+        if not name: return None
+        return self._nametowidget(name)
+    def grab_release(self):
+        """Release grab for this widget if currently set."""
+        self.tk.call('grab', 'release', self._w)
+    def grab_set(self):
+        """Set grab for this widget.
+
+        A grab directs all events to this and descendant
+        widgets in the application."""
+        self.tk.call('grab', 'set', self._w)
+    def grab_set_global(self):
+        """Set global grab for this widget.
+
+        A global grab directs all events to this and
+        descendant widgets on the display. Use with caution -
+        other applications do not get events anymore."""
+        self.tk.call('grab', 'set', '-global', self._w)
+    def grab_status(self):
+        """Return None, "local" or "global" if this widget has
+        no, a local or a global grab."""
+        status = self.tk.call('grab', 'status', self._w)
+        if status == 'none': status = None
+        return status
+    def option_add(self, pattern, value, priority = None):
+        """Set a VALUE (second parameter) for an option
+        PATTERN (first parameter).
+
+        An optional third parameter gives the numeric priority
+        (defaults to 80)."""
+        self.tk.call('option', 'add', pattern, value, priority)
+    def option_clear(self):
+        """Clear the option database.
+
+        It will be reloaded if option_add is called."""
+        self.tk.call('option', 'clear')
+    def option_get(self, name, className):
+        """Return the value for an option NAME for this widget
+        with CLASSNAME.
+
+        Values with higher priority override lower values."""
+        return self.tk.call('option', 'get', self._w, name, className)
+    def option_readfile(self, fileName, priority = None):
+        """Read file FILENAME into the option database.
+
+        An optional second parameter gives the numeric
+        priority."""
+        self.tk.call('option', 'readfile', fileName, priority)
+    def selection_clear(self, **kw):
+        """Clear the current X selection."""
+        if 'displayof' not in kw: kw['displayof'] = self._w
+        self.tk.call(('selection', 'clear') + self._options(kw))
+    def selection_get(self, **kw):
+        """Return the contents of the current X selection.
+
+        A keyword parameter selection specifies the name of
+        the selection and defaults to PRIMARY.  A keyword
+        parameter displayof specifies a widget on the display
+        to use. A keyword parameter type specifies the form of data to be
+        fetched, defaulting to STRING except on X11, where UTF8_STRING is tried
+        before STRING."""
+        if 'displayof' not in kw: kw['displayof'] = self._w
+        if 'type' not in kw and self._windowingsystem == 'x11':
+            try:
+                kw['type'] = 'UTF8_STRING'
+                return self.tk.call(('selection', 'get') + self._options(kw))
+            except TclError:
+                del kw['type']
+        return self.tk.call(('selection', 'get') + self._options(kw))
+    def selection_handle(self, command, **kw):
+        """Specify a function COMMAND to call if the X
+        selection owned by this widget is queried by another
+        application.
+
+        This function must return the contents of the
+        selection. The function will be called with the
+        arguments OFFSET and LENGTH which allows the chunking
+        of very long selections. The following keyword
+        parameters can be provided:
+        selection - name of the selection (default PRIMARY),
+        type - type of the selection (e.g. STRING, FILE_NAME)."""
+        name = self._register(command)
+        self.tk.call(('selection', 'handle') + self._options(kw)
+              + (self._w, name))
+    def selection_own(self, **kw):
+        """Become owner of X selection.
+
+        A keyword parameter selection specifies the name of
+        the selection (default PRIMARY)."""
+        self.tk.call(('selection', 'own') +
+                 self._options(kw) + (self._w,))
+    def selection_own_get(self, **kw):
+        """Return owner of X selection.
+
+        The following keyword parameter can
+        be provided:
+        selection - name of the selection (default PRIMARY),
+        type - type of the selection (e.g. STRING, FILE_NAME)."""
+        if 'displayof' not in kw: kw['displayof'] = self._w
+        name = self.tk.call(('selection', 'own') + self._options(kw))
+        if not name: return None
+        return self._nametowidget(name)
+    def send(self, interp, cmd, *args):
+        """Send Tcl command CMD to different interpreter INTERP to be executed."""
+        return self.tk.call(('send', interp, cmd) + args)
+    def lower(self, belowThis=None):
+        """Lower this widget in the stacking order."""
+        self.tk.call('lower', self._w, belowThis)
+    def tkraise(self, aboveThis=None):
+        """Raise this widget in the stacking order."""
+        self.tk.call('raise', self._w, aboveThis)
+    lift = tkraise
+    def winfo_atom(self, name, displayof=0):
+        """Return integer which represents atom NAME."""
+        args = ('winfo', 'atom') + self._displayof(displayof) + (name,)
+        return self.tk.getint(self.tk.call(args))
+    def winfo_atomname(self, id, displayof=0):
+        """Return name of atom with identifier ID."""
+        args = ('winfo', 'atomname') \
+               + self._displayof(displayof) + (id,)
+        return self.tk.call(args)
+    def winfo_cells(self):
+        """Return number of cells in the colormap for this widget."""
+        return self.tk.getint(
+            self.tk.call('winfo', 'cells', self._w))
+    def winfo_children(self):
+        """Return a list of all widgets which are children of this widget."""
+        result = []
+        for child in self.tk.splitlist(
+            self.tk.call('winfo', 'children', self._w)):
+            try:
+                # Tcl sometimes returns extra windows, e.g. for
+                # menus; those need to be skipped
+                result.append(self._nametowidget(child))
+            except KeyError:
+                pass
+        return result
+
+    def winfo_class(self):
+        """Return window class name of this widget."""
+        return self.tk.call('winfo', 'class', self._w)
+    def winfo_colormapfull(self):
+        """Return true if at the last color request the colormap was full."""
+        return self.tk.getboolean(
+            self.tk.call('winfo', 'colormapfull', self._w))
+    def winfo_containing(self, rootX, rootY, displayof=0):
+        """Return the widget which is at the root coordinates ROOTX, ROOTY."""
+        args = ('winfo', 'containing') \
+               + self._displayof(displayof) + (rootX, rootY)
+        name = self.tk.call(args)
+        if not name: return None
+        return self._nametowidget(name)
+    def winfo_depth(self):
+        """Return the number of bits per pixel."""
+        return self.tk.getint(self.tk.call('winfo', 'depth', self._w))
+    def winfo_exists(self):
+        """Return true if this widget exists."""
+        return self.tk.getint(
+            self.tk.call('winfo', 'exists', self._w))
+    def winfo_fpixels(self, number):
+        """Return the number of pixels for the given distance NUMBER
+        (e.g. "3c") as float."""
+        return self.tk.getdouble(self.tk.call(
+            'winfo', 'fpixels', self._w, number))
+    def winfo_geometry(self):
+        """Return geometry string for this widget in the form "widthxheight+X+Y"."""
+        return self.tk.call('winfo', 'geometry', self._w)
+    def winfo_height(self):
+        """Return height of this widget."""
+        return self.tk.getint(
+            self.tk.call('winfo', 'height', self._w))
+    def winfo_id(self):
+        """Return identifier ID for this widget."""
+        return int(self.tk.call('winfo', 'id', self._w), 0)
+    def winfo_interps(self, displayof=0):
+        """Return the name of all Tcl interpreters for this display."""
+        args = ('winfo', 'interps') + self._displayof(displayof)
+        return self.tk.splitlist(self.tk.call(args))
+    def winfo_ismapped(self):
+        """Return true if this widget is mapped."""
+        return self.tk.getint(
+            self.tk.call('winfo', 'ismapped', self._w))
+    def winfo_manager(self):
+        """Return the window manager name for this widget."""
+        return self.tk.call('winfo', 'manager', self._w)
+    def winfo_name(self):
+        """Return the name of this widget."""
+        return self.tk.call('winfo', 'name', self._w)
+    def winfo_parent(self):
+        """Return the name of the parent of this widget."""
+        return self.tk.call('winfo', 'parent', self._w)
+    def winfo_pathname(self, id, displayof=0):
+        """Return the pathname of the widget given by ID."""
+        args = ('winfo', 'pathname') \
+               + self._displayof(displayof) + (id,)
+        return self.tk.call(args)
+    def winfo_pixels(self, number):
+        """Rounded integer value of winfo_fpixels."""
+        return self.tk.getint(
+            self.tk.call('winfo', 'pixels', self._w, number))
+    def winfo_pointerx(self):
+        """Return the x coordinate of the pointer on the root window."""
+        return self.tk.getint(
+            self.tk.call('winfo', 'pointerx', self._w))
+    def winfo_pointerxy(self):
+        """Return a tuple of x and y coordinates of the pointer on the root window."""
+        return self._getints(
+            self.tk.call('winfo', 'pointerxy', self._w))
+    def winfo_pointery(self):
+        """Return the y coordinate of the pointer on the root window."""
+        return self.tk.getint(
+            self.tk.call('winfo', 'pointery', self._w))
+    def winfo_reqheight(self):
+        """Return requested height of this widget."""
+        return self.tk.getint(
+            self.tk.call('winfo', 'reqheight', self._w))
+    def winfo_reqwidth(self):
+        """Return requested width of this widget."""
+        return self.tk.getint(
+            self.tk.call('winfo', 'reqwidth', self._w))
+    def winfo_rgb(self, color):
+        """Return tuple of decimal values for red, green, blue for
+        COLOR in this widget."""
+        return self._getints(
+            self.tk.call('winfo', 'rgb', self._w, color))
+    def winfo_rootx(self):
+        """Return x coordinate of upper left corner of this widget on the
+        root window."""
+        return self.tk.getint(
+            self.tk.call('winfo', 'rootx', self._w))
+    def winfo_rooty(self):
+        """Return y coordinate of upper left corner of this widget on the
+        root window."""
+        return self.tk.getint(
+            self.tk.call('winfo', 'rooty', self._w))
+    def winfo_screen(self):
+        """Return the screen name of this widget."""
+        return self.tk.call('winfo', 'screen', self._w)
+    def winfo_screencells(self):
+        """Return the number of the cells in the colormap of the screen
+        of this widget."""
+        return self.tk.getint(
+            self.tk.call('winfo', 'screencells', self._w))
+    def winfo_screendepth(self):
+        """Return the number of bits per pixel of the root window of the
+        screen of this widget."""
+        return self.tk.getint(
+            self.tk.call('winfo', 'screendepth', self._w))
+    def winfo_screenheight(self):
+        """Return the number of pixels of the height of the screen of this widget
+        in pixel."""
+        return self.tk.getint(
+            self.tk.call('winfo', 'screenheight', self._w))
+    def winfo_screenmmheight(self):
+        """Return the number of pixels of the height of the screen of
+        this widget in mm."""
+        return self.tk.getint(
+            self.tk.call('winfo', 'screenmmheight', self._w))
+    def winfo_screenmmwidth(self):
+        """Return the number of pixels of the width of the screen of
+        this widget in mm."""
+        return self.tk.getint(
+            self.tk.call('winfo', 'screenmmwidth', self._w))
+    def winfo_screenvisual(self):
+        """Return one of the strings directcolor, grayscale, pseudocolor,
+        staticcolor, staticgray, or truecolor for the default
+        colormodel of this screen."""
+        return self.tk.call('winfo', 'screenvisual', self._w)
+    def winfo_screenwidth(self):
+        """Return the number of pixels of the width of the screen of
+        this widget in pixel."""
+        return self.tk.getint(
+            self.tk.call('winfo', 'screenwidth', self._w))
+    def winfo_server(self):
+        """Return information of the X-Server of the screen of this widget in
+        the form "XmajorRminor vendor vendorVersion"."""
+        return self.tk.call('winfo', 'server', self._w)
+    def winfo_toplevel(self):
+        """Return the toplevel widget of this widget."""
+        return self._nametowidget(self.tk.call(
+            'winfo', 'toplevel', self._w))
+    def winfo_viewable(self):
+        """Return true if the widget and all its higher ancestors are mapped."""
+        return self.tk.getint(
+            self.tk.call('winfo', 'viewable', self._w))
+    def winfo_visual(self):
+        """Return one of the strings directcolor, grayscale, pseudocolor,
+        staticcolor, staticgray, or truecolor for the
+        colormodel of this widget."""
+        return self.tk.call('winfo', 'visual', self._w)
+    def winfo_visualid(self):
+        """Return the X identifier for the visual for this widget."""
+        return self.tk.call('winfo', 'visualid', self._w)
+    def winfo_visualsavailable(self, includeids=False):
+        """Return a list of all visuals available for the screen
+        of this widget.
+
+        Each item in the list consists of a visual name (see winfo_visual), a
+        depth and if includeids is true is given also the X identifier."""
+        data = self.tk.call('winfo', 'visualsavailable', self._w,
+                            'includeids' if includeids else None)
+        data = [self.tk.splitlist(x) for x in self.tk.splitlist(data)]
+        return [self.__winfo_parseitem(x) for x in data]
+    def __winfo_parseitem(self, t):
+        """Internal function."""
+        return t[:1] + tuple(map(self.__winfo_getint, t[1:]))
+    def __winfo_getint(self, x):
+        """Internal function."""
+        return int(x, 0)
+    def winfo_vrootheight(self):
+        """Return the height of the virtual root window associated with this
+        widget in pixels. If there is no virtual root window return the
+        height of the screen."""
+        return self.tk.getint(
+            self.tk.call('winfo', 'vrootheight', self._w))
+    def winfo_vrootwidth(self):
+        """Return the width of the virtual root window associated with this
+        widget in pixel. If there is no virtual root window return the
+        width of the screen."""
+        return self.tk.getint(
+            self.tk.call('winfo', 'vrootwidth', self._w))
+    def winfo_vrootx(self):
+        """Return the x offset of the virtual root relative to the root
+        window of the screen of this widget."""
+        return self.tk.getint(
+            self.tk.call('winfo', 'vrootx', self._w))
+    def winfo_vrooty(self):
+        """Return the y offset of the virtual root relative to the root
+        window of the screen of this widget."""
+        return self.tk.getint(
+            self.tk.call('winfo', 'vrooty', self._w))
+    def winfo_width(self):
+        """Return the width of this widget."""
+        return self.tk.getint(
+            self.tk.call('winfo', 'width', self._w))
+    def winfo_x(self):
+        """Return the x coordinate of the upper left corner of this widget
+        in the parent."""
+        return self.tk.getint(
+            self.tk.call('winfo', 'x', self._w))
+    def winfo_y(self):
+        """Return the y coordinate of the upper left corner of this widget
+        in the parent."""
+        return self.tk.getint(
+            self.tk.call('winfo', 'y', self._w))
+    def update(self):
+        """Enter event loop until all pending events have been processed by Tcl."""
+        self.tk.call('update')
+    def update_idletasks(self):
+        """Enter event loop until all idle callbacks have been called. This
+        will update the display of windows but not process events caused by
+        the user."""
+        self.tk.call('update', 'idletasks')
+    def bindtags(self, tagList=None):
+        """Set or get the list of bindtags for this widget.
+
+        With no argument return the list of all bindtags associated with
+        this widget. With a list of strings as argument the bindtags are
+        set to this list. The bindtags determine in which order events are
+        processed (see bind)."""
+        if tagList is None:
+            return self.tk.splitlist(
+                self.tk.call('bindtags', self._w))
+        else:
+            self.tk.call('bindtags', self._w, tagList)
+    def _bind(self, what, sequence, func, add, needcleanup=1):
+        """Internal function."""
+        if isinstance(func, str):
+            self.tk.call(what + (sequence, func))
+        elif func:
+            funcid = self._register(func, self._substitute,
+                        needcleanup)
+            cmd = ('%sif {"[%s %s]" == "break"} break\n'
+                   %
+                   (add and '+' or '',
+                funcid, self._subst_format_str))
+            self.tk.call(what + (sequence, cmd))
+            return funcid
+        elif sequence:
+            return self.tk.call(what + (sequence,))
+        else:
+            return self.tk.splitlist(self.tk.call(what))
+    def bind(self, sequence=None, func=None, add=None):
+        """Bind to this widget at event SEQUENCE a call to function FUNC.
+
+        SEQUENCE is a string of concatenated event
+        patterns. An event pattern is of the form
+        <MODIFIER-MODIFIER-TYPE-DETAIL> where MODIFIER is one
+        of Control, Mod2, M2, Shift, Mod3, M3, Lock, Mod4, M4,
+        Button1, B1, Mod5, M5 Button2, B2, Meta, M, Button3,
+        B3, Alt, Button4, B4, Double, Button5, B5 Triple,
+        Mod1, M1. TYPE is one of Activate, Enter, Map,
+        ButtonPress, Button, Expose, Motion, ButtonRelease
+        FocusIn, MouseWheel, Circulate, FocusOut, Property,
+        Colormap, Gravity Reparent, Configure, KeyPress, Key,
+        Unmap, Deactivate, KeyRelease Visibility, Destroy,
+        Leave and DETAIL is the button number for ButtonPress,
+        ButtonRelease and DETAIL is the Keysym for KeyPress and
+        KeyRelease. Examples are
+        <Control-Button-1> for pressing Control and mouse button 1 or
+        <Alt-A> for pressing A and the Alt key (KeyPress can be omitted).
+        An event pattern can also be a virtual event of the form
+        <<AString>> where AString can be arbitrary. This
+        event can be generated by event_generate.
+        If events are concatenated they must appear shortly
+        after each other.
+
+        FUNC will be called if the event sequence occurs with an
+        instance of Event as argument. If the return value of FUNC is
+        "break" no further bound function is invoked.
+
+        An additional boolean parameter ADD specifies whether FUNC will
+        be called additionally to the other bound function or whether
+        it will replace the previous function.
+
+        Bind will return an identifier to allow deletion of the bound function with
+        unbind without memory leak.
+
+        If FUNC or SEQUENCE is omitted the bound function or list
+        of bound events are returned."""
+
+        return self._bind(('bind', self._w), sequence, func, add)
+    def unbind(self, sequence, funcid=None):
+        """Unbind for this widget for event SEQUENCE  the
+        function identified with FUNCID."""
+        self.tk.call('bind', self._w, sequence, '')
+        if funcid:
+            self.deletecommand(funcid)
+    def bind_all(self, sequence=None, func=None, add=None):
+        """Bind to all widgets at an event SEQUENCE a call to function FUNC.
+        An additional boolean parameter ADD specifies whether FUNC will
+        be called additionally to the other bound function or whether
+        it will replace the previous function. See bind for the return value."""
+        return self._bind(('bind', 'all'), sequence, func, add, 0)
+    def unbind_all(self, sequence):
+        """Unbind for all widgets for event SEQUENCE all functions."""
+        self.tk.call('bind', 'all' , sequence, '')
+    def bind_class(self, className, sequence=None, func=None, add=None):
+
+        """Bind to widgets with bindtag CLASSNAME at event
+        SEQUENCE a call of function FUNC. An additional
+        boolean parameter ADD specifies whether FUNC will be
+        called additionally to the other bound function or
+        whether it will replace the previous function. See bind for
+        the return value."""
+
+        return self._bind(('bind', className), sequence, func, add, 0)
+    def unbind_class(self, className, sequence):
+        """Unbind for all widgets with bindtag CLASSNAME for event SEQUENCE
+        all functions."""
+        self.tk.call('bind', className , sequence, '')
+    def mainloop(self, n=0):
+        """Call the mainloop of Tk."""
+        self.tk.mainloop(n)
+    def quit(self):
+        """Quit the Tcl interpreter. All widgets will be destroyed."""
+        self.tk.quit()
+    def _getints(self, string):
+        """Internal function."""
+        if string:
+            return tuple(map(self.tk.getint, self.tk.splitlist(string)))
+    def _getdoubles(self, string):
+        """Internal function."""
+        if string:
+            return tuple(map(self.tk.getdouble, self.tk.splitlist(string)))
+    def _getboolean(self, string):
+        """Internal function."""
+        if string:
+            return self.tk.getboolean(string)
+    def _displayof(self, displayof):
+        """Internal function."""
+        if displayof:
+            return ('-displayof', displayof)
+        if displayof is None:
+            return ('-displayof', self._w)
+        return ()
+    @property
+    def _windowingsystem(self):
+        """Internal function."""
+        try:
+            return self._root()._windowingsystem_cached
+        except AttributeError:
+            ws = self._root()._windowingsystem_cached = \
+                        self.tk.call('tk', 'windowingsystem')
+            return ws
+    def _options(self, cnf, kw = None):
+        """Internal function."""
+        if kw:
+            cnf = _cnfmerge((cnf, kw))
+        else:
+            cnf = _cnfmerge(cnf)
+        res = ()
+        for k, v in cnf.items():
+            if v is not None:
+                if k[-1] == '_': k = k[:-1]
+                if callable(v):
+                    v = self._register(v)
+                elif isinstance(v, (tuple, list)):
+                    nv = []
+                    for item in v:
+                        if isinstance(item, int):
+                            nv.append(str(item))
+                        elif isinstance(item, str):
+                            nv.append(_stringify(item))
+                        else:
+                            break
+                    else:
+                        v = ' '.join(nv)
+                res = res + ('-'+k, v)
+        return res
+    def nametowidget(self, name):
+        """Return the Tkinter instance of a widget identified by
+        its Tcl name NAME."""
+        name = str(name).split('.')
+        w = self
+
+        if not name[0]:
+            w = w._root()
+            name = name[1:]
+
+        for n in name:
+            if not n:
+                break
+            w = w.children[n]
+
+        return w
+    _nametowidget = nametowidget
+    def _register(self, func, subst=None, needcleanup=1):
+        """Return a newly created Tcl function. If this
+        function is called, the Python function FUNC will
+        be executed. An optional function SUBST can
+        be given which will be executed before FUNC."""
+        f = CallWrapper(func, subst, self).__call__
+        name = repr(id(f))
+        try:
+            func = func.__func__
+        except AttributeError:
+            pass
+        try:
+            name = name + func.__name__
+        except AttributeError:
+            pass
+        self.tk.createcommand(name, f)
+        if needcleanup:
+            if self._tclCommands is None:
+                self._tclCommands = []
+            self._tclCommands.append(name)
+        return name
+    register = _register
+    def _root(self):
+        """Internal function."""
+        w = self
+        while w.master: w = w.master
+        return w
+    _subst_format = ('%#', '%b', '%f', '%h', '%k',
+             '%s', '%t', '%w', '%x', '%y',
+             '%A', '%E', '%K', '%N', '%W', '%T', '%X', '%Y', '%D')
+    _subst_format_str = " ".join(_subst_format)
+    def _substitute(self, *args):
+        """Internal function."""
+        if len(args) != len(self._subst_format): return args
+        getboolean = self.tk.getboolean
+
+        getint = self.tk.getint
+        def getint_event(s):
+            """Tk changed behavior in 8.4.2, returning "??" rather more often."""
+            try:
+                return getint(s)
+            except (ValueError, TclError):
+                return s
+
+        nsign, b, f, h, k, s, t, w, x, y, A, E, K, N, W, T, X, Y, D = args
+        # Missing: (a, c, d, m, o, v, B, R)
+        e = Event()
+        # serial field: valid for all events
+        # number of button: ButtonPress and ButtonRelease events only
+        # height field: Configure, ConfigureRequest, Create,
+        # ResizeRequest, and Expose events only
+        # keycode field: KeyPress and KeyRelease events only
+        # time field: "valid for events that contain a time field"
+        # width field: Configure, ConfigureRequest, Create, ResizeRequest,
+        # and Expose events only
+        # x field: "valid for events that contain an x field"
+        # y field: "valid for events that contain a y field"
+        # keysym as decimal: KeyPress and KeyRelease events only
+        # x_root, y_root fields: ButtonPress, ButtonRelease, KeyPress,
+        # KeyRelease, and Motion events
+        e.serial = getint(nsign)
+        e.num = getint_event(b)
+        try: e.focus = getboolean(f)
+        except TclError: pass
+        e.height = getint_event(h)
+        e.keycode = getint_event(k)
+        e.state = getint_event(s)
+        e.time = getint_event(t)
+        e.width = getint_event(w)
+        e.x = getint_event(x)
+        e.y = getint_event(y)
+        e.char = A
+        try: e.send_event = getboolean(E)
+        except TclError: pass
+        e.keysym = K
+        e.keysym_num = getint_event(N)
+        try:
+            e.type = EventType(T)
+        except ValueError:
+            e.type = T
+        try:
+            e.widget = self._nametowidget(W)
+        except KeyError:
+            e.widget = W
+        e.x_root = getint_event(X)
+        e.y_root = getint_event(Y)
+        try:
+            e.delta = getint(D)
+        except (ValueError, TclError):
+            e.delta = 0
+        return (e,)
+    def _report_exception(self):
+        """Internal function."""
+        exc, val, tb = sys.exc_info()
+        root = self._root()
+        root.report_callback_exception(exc, val, tb)
+
+    def _getconfigure(self, *args):
+        """Call Tcl configure command and return the result as a dict."""
+        cnf = {}
+        for x in self.tk.splitlist(self.tk.call(*args)):
+            x = self.tk.splitlist(x)
+            cnf[x[0][1:]] = (x[0][1:],) + x[1:]
+        return cnf
+
+    def _getconfigure1(self, *args):
+        x = self.tk.splitlist(self.tk.call(*args))
+        return (x[0][1:],) + x[1:]
+
+    def _configure(self, cmd, cnf, kw):
+        """Internal function."""
+        if kw:
+            cnf = _cnfmerge((cnf, kw))
+        elif cnf:
+            cnf = _cnfmerge(cnf)
+        if cnf is None:
+            return self._getconfigure(_flatten((self._w, cmd)))
+        if isinstance(cnf, str):
+            return self._getconfigure1(_flatten((self._w, cmd, '-'+cnf)))
+        self.tk.call(_flatten((self._w, cmd)) + self._options(cnf))
+    # These used to be defined in Widget:
+    def configure(self, cnf=None, **kw):
+        """Configure resources of a widget.
+
+        The values for resources are specified as keyword
+        arguments. To get an overview about
+        the allowed keyword arguments call the method keys.
+        """
+        return self._configure('configure', cnf, kw)
+    config = configure
+    def cget(self, key):
+        """Return the resource value for a KEY given as string."""
+        return self.tk.call(self._w, 'cget', '-' + key)
+    __getitem__ = cget
+    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
+        self.configure({key: value})
+    def keys(self):
+        """Return a list of all resource names of this widget."""
+        splitlist = self.tk.splitlist
+        return [splitlist(x)[0][1:] for x in
+                splitlist(self.tk.call(self._w, 'configure'))]
+    def __str__(self):
+        """Return the window path name of this widget."""
+        return self._w
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return '<%s.%s object %s>' % (
+            self.__class__.__module__, self.__class__.__qualname__, self._w)
+
+    # Pack methods that apply to the master
+    _noarg_ = ['_noarg_']
+    def pack_propagate(self, flag=_noarg_):
+        """Set or get the status for propagation of geometry information.
+
+        A boolean argument specifies whether the geometry information
+        of the slaves will determine the size of this widget. If no argument
+        is given the current setting will be returned.
+        """
+        if flag is Misc._noarg_:
+            return self._getboolean(self.tk.call(
+                'pack', 'propagate', self._w))
+        else:
+            self.tk.call('pack', 'propagate', self._w, flag)
+    propagate = pack_propagate
+    def pack_slaves(self):
+        """Return a list of all slaves of this widget
+        in its packing order."""
+        return [self._nametowidget(x) for x in
+                self.tk.splitlist(
+                   self.tk.call('pack', 'slaves', self._w))]
+    slaves = pack_slaves
+    # Place method that applies to the master
+    def place_slaves(self):
+        """Return a list of all slaves of this widget
+        in its packing order."""
+        return [self._nametowidget(x) for x in
+                self.tk.splitlist(
+                   self.tk.call(
+                       'place', 'slaves', self._w))]
+    # Grid methods that apply to the master
+    def grid_anchor(self, anchor=None): # new in Tk 8.5
+        """The anchor value controls how to place the grid within the
+        master when no row/column has any weight.
+
+        The default anchor is nw."""
+        self.tk.call('grid', 'anchor', self._w, anchor)
+    anchor = grid_anchor
+    def grid_bbox(self, column=None, row=None, col2=None, row2=None):
+        """Return a tuple of integer coordinates for the bounding
+        box of this widget controlled by the geometry manager grid.
+
+        If COLUMN, ROW is given the bounding box applies from
+        the cell with row and column 0 to the specified
+        cell. If COL2 and ROW2 are given the bounding box
+        starts at that cell.
+
+        The returned integers specify the offset of the upper left
+        corner in the master widget and the width and height.
+        """
+        args = ('grid', 'bbox', self._w)
+        if column is not None and row is not None:
+            args = args + (column, row)
+        if col2 is not None and row2 is not None:
+            args = args + (col2, row2)
+        return self._getints(self.tk.call(*args)) or None
+    bbox = grid_bbox
+
+    def _gridconvvalue(self, value):
+        if isinstance(value, (str, _tkinter.Tcl_Obj)):
+            try:
+                svalue = str(value)
+                if not svalue:
+                    return None
+                elif '.' in svalue:
+                    return self.tk.getdouble(svalue)
+                else:
+                    return self.tk.getint(svalue)
+            except (ValueError, TclError):
+                pass
+        return value
+
+    def _grid_configure(self, command, index, cnf, kw):
+        """Internal function."""
+        if isinstance(cnf, str) and not kw:
+            if cnf[-1:] == '_':
+                cnf = cnf[:-1]
+            if cnf[:1] != '-':
+                cnf = '-'+cnf
+            options = (cnf,)
+        else:
+            options = self._options(cnf, kw)
+        if not options:
+            return _splitdict(
+                self.tk,
+                self.tk.call('grid', command, self._w, index),
+                conv=self._gridconvvalue)
+        res = self.tk.call(
+                  ('grid', command, self._w, index)
+                  + options)
+        if len(options) == 1:
+            return self._gridconvvalue(res)
+
+    def grid_columnconfigure(self, index, cnf={}, **kw):
+        """Configure column INDEX of a grid.
+
+        Valid resources are minsize (minimum size of the column),
+        weight (how much does additional space propagate to this column)
+        and pad (how much space to let additionally)."""
+        return self._grid_configure('columnconfigure', index, cnf, kw)
+    columnconfigure = grid_columnconfigure
+    def grid_location(self, x, y):
+        """Return a tuple of column and row which identify the cell
+        at which the pixel at position X and Y inside the master
+        widget is located."""
+        return self._getints(
+            self.tk.call(
+                'grid', 'location', self._w, x, y)) or None
+    def grid_propagate(self, flag=_noarg_):
+        """Set or get the status for propagation of geometry information.
+
+        A boolean argument specifies whether the geometry information
+        of the slaves will determine the size of this widget. If no argument
+        is given, the current setting will be returned.
+        """
+        if flag is Misc._noarg_:
+            return self._getboolean(self.tk.call(
+                'grid', 'propagate', self._w))
+        else:
+            self.tk.call('grid', 'propagate', self._w, flag)
+    def grid_rowconfigure(self, index, cnf={}, **kw):
+        """Configure row INDEX of a grid.
+
+        Valid resources are minsize (minimum size of the row),
+        weight (how much does additional space propagate to this row)
+        and pad (how much space to let additionally)."""
+        return self._grid_configure('rowconfigure', index, cnf, kw)
+    rowconfigure = grid_rowconfigure
+    def grid_size(self):
+        """Return a tuple of the number of column and rows in the grid."""
+        return self._getints(
+            self.tk.call('grid', 'size', self._w)) or None
+    size = grid_size
+    def grid_slaves(self, row=None, column=None):
+        """Return a list of all slaves of this widget
+        in its packing order."""
+        args = ()
+        if row is not None:
+            args = args + ('-row', row)
+        if column is not None:
+            args = args + ('-column', column)
+        return [self._nametowidget(x) for x in
+                self.tk.splitlist(self.tk.call(
+                   ('grid', 'slaves', self._w) + args))]
+
+    # Support for the "event" command, new in Tk 4.2.
+    # By Case Roole.
+
+    def event_add(self, virtual, *sequences):
+        """Bind a virtual event VIRTUAL (of the form <<Name>>)
+        to an event SEQUENCE such that the virtual event is triggered
+        whenever SEQUENCE occurs."""
+        args = ('event', 'add', virtual) + sequences
+        self.tk.call(args)
+
+    def event_delete(self, virtual, *sequences):
+        """Unbind a virtual event VIRTUAL from SEQUENCE."""
+        args = ('event', 'delete', virtual) + sequences
+        self.tk.call(args)
+
+    def event_generate(self, sequence, **kw):
+        """Generate an event SEQUENCE. Additional
+        keyword arguments specify parameter of the event
+        (e.g. x, y, rootx, rooty)."""
+        args = ('event', 'generate', self._w, sequence)
+        for k, v in kw.items():
+            args = args + ('-%s' % k, str(v))
+        self.tk.call(args)
+
+    def event_info(self, virtual=None):
+        """Return a list of all virtual events or the information
+        about the SEQUENCE bound to the virtual event VIRTUAL."""
+        return self.tk.splitlist(
+            self.tk.call('event', 'info', virtual))
+
+    # Image related commands
+
+    def image_names(self):
+        """Return a list of all existing image names."""
+        return self.tk.splitlist(self.tk.call('image', 'names'))
+
+    def image_types(self):
+        """Return a list of all available image types (e.g. photo bitmap)."""
+        return self.tk.splitlist(self.tk.call('image', 'types'))
+
+
+class CallWrapper:
+    """Internal class. Stores function to call when some user
+    defined Tcl function is called e.g. after an event occurred."""
+    def __init__(self, func, subst, widget):
+        """Store FUNC, SUBST and WIDGET as members."""
+        self.func = func
+        self.subst = subst
+        self.widget = widget
+    def __call__(self, *args):
+        """Apply first function SUBST to arguments, than FUNC."""
+        try:
+            if self.subst:
+                args = self.subst(*args)
+            return self.func(*args)
+        except SystemExit:
+            raise
+        except:
+            self.widget._report_exception()
+
+
+class XView:
+    """Mix-in class for querying and changing the horizontal position
+    of a widget's window."""
+
+    def xview(self, *args):
+        """Query and change the horizontal position of the view."""
+        res = self.tk.call(self._w, 'xview', *args)
+        if not args:
+            return self._getdoubles(res)
+
+    def xview_moveto(self, fraction):
+        """Adjusts the view in the window so that FRACTION of the
+        total width of the canvas is off-screen to the left."""
+        self.tk.call(self._w, 'xview', 'moveto', fraction)
+
+    def xview_scroll(self, number, what):
+        """Shift the x-view according to NUMBER which is measured in "units"
+        or "pages" (WHAT)."""
+        self.tk.call(self._w, 'xview', 'scroll', number, what)
+
+
+class YView:
+    """Mix-in class for querying and changing the vertical position
+    of a widget's window."""
+
+    def yview(self, *args):
+        """Query and change the vertical position of the view."""
+        res = self.tk.call(self._w, 'yview', *args)
+        if not args:
+            return self._getdoubles(res)
+
+    def yview_moveto(self, fraction):
+        """Adjusts the view in the window so that FRACTION of the
+        total height of the canvas is off-screen to the top."""
+        self.tk.call(self._w, 'yview', 'moveto', fraction)
+
+    def yview_scroll(self, number, what):
+        """Shift the y-view according to NUMBER which is measured in
+        "units" or "pages" (WHAT)."""
+        self.tk.call(self._w, 'yview', 'scroll', number, what)
+
+
+class Wm:
+    """Provides functions for the communication with the window manager."""
+
+    def wm_aspect(self,
+              minNumer=None, minDenom=None,
+              maxNumer=None, maxDenom=None):
+        """Instruct the window manager to set the aspect ratio (width/height)
+        of this widget to be between MINNUMER/MINDENOM and MAXNUMER/MAXDENOM. Return a tuple
+        of the actual values if no argument is given."""
+        return self._getints(
+            self.tk.call('wm', 'aspect', self._w,
+                     minNumer, minDenom,
+                     maxNumer, maxDenom))
+    aspect = wm_aspect
+
+    def wm_attributes(self, *args):
+        """This subcommand returns or sets platform specific attributes
+
+        The first form returns a list of the platform specific flags and
+        their values. The second form returns the value for the specific
+        option. The third form sets one or more of the values. The values
+        are as follows:
+
+        On Windows, -disabled gets or sets whether the window is in a
+        disabled state. -toolwindow gets or sets the style of the window
+        to toolwindow (as defined in the MSDN). -topmost gets or sets
+        whether this is a topmost window (displays above all other
+        windows).
+
+        On Macintosh, XXXXX
+
+        On Unix, there are currently no special attribute values.
+        """
+        args = ('wm', 'attributes', self._w) + args
+        return self.tk.call(args)
+    attributes=wm_attributes
+
+    def wm_client(self, name=None):
+        """Store NAME in WM_CLIENT_MACHINE property of this widget. Return
+        current value."""
+        return self.tk.call('wm', 'client', self._w, name)
+    client = wm_client
+    def wm_colormapwindows(self, *wlist):
+        """Store list of window names (WLIST) into WM_COLORMAPWINDOWS property
+        of this widget. This list contains windows whose colormaps differ from their
+        parents. Return current list of widgets if WLIST is empty."""
+        if len(wlist) > 1:
+            wlist = (wlist,) # Tk needs a list of windows here
+        args = ('wm', 'colormapwindows', self._w) + wlist
+        if wlist:
+            self.tk.call(args)
+        else:
+            return [self._nametowidget(x)
+                    for x in self.tk.splitlist(self.tk.call(args))]
+    colormapwindows = wm_colormapwindows
+    def wm_command(self, value=None):
+        """Store VALUE in WM_COMMAND property. It is the command
+        which shall be used to invoke the application. Return current
+        command if VALUE is None."""
+        return self.tk.call('wm', 'command', self._w, value)
+    command = wm_command
+    def wm_deiconify(self):
+        """Deiconify this widget. If it was never mapped it will not be mapped.
+        On Windows it will raise this widget and give it the focus."""
+        return self.tk.call('wm', 'deiconify', self._w)
+    deiconify = wm_deiconify
+    def wm_focusmodel(self, model=None):
+        """Set focus model to MODEL. "active" means that this widget will claim
+        the focus itself, "passive" means that the window manager shall give
+        the focus. Return current focus model if MODEL is None."""
+        return self.tk.call('wm', 'focusmodel', self._w, model)
+    focusmodel = wm_focusmodel
+    def wm_forget(self, window): # new in Tk 8.5
+        """The window will be unmapped from the screen and will no longer
+        be managed by wm. toplevel windows will be treated like frame
+        windows once they are no longer managed by wm, however, the menu
+        option configuration will be remembered and the menus will return
+        once the widget is managed again."""
+        self.tk.call('wm', 'forget', window)
+    forget = wm_forget
+    def wm_frame(self):
+        """Return identifier for decorative frame of this widget if present."""
+        return self.tk.call('wm', 'frame', self._w)
+    frame = wm_frame
+    def wm_geometry(self, newGeometry=None):
+        """Set geometry to NEWGEOMETRY of the form =widthxheight+x+y. Return
+        current value if None is given."""
+        return self.tk.call('wm', 'geometry', self._w, newGeometry)
+    geometry = wm_geometry
+    def wm_grid(self,
+         baseWidth=None, baseHeight=None,
+         widthInc=None, heightInc=None):
+        """Instruct the window manager that this widget shall only be
+        resized on grid boundaries. WIDTHINC and HEIGHTINC are the width and
+        height of a grid unit in pixels. BASEWIDTH and BASEHEIGHT are the
+        number of grid units requested in Tk_GeometryRequest."""
+        return self._getints(self.tk.call(
+            'wm', 'grid', self._w,
+            baseWidth, baseHeight, widthInc, heightInc))
+    grid = wm_grid
+    def wm_group(self, pathName=None):
+        """Set the group leader widgets for related widgets to PATHNAME. Return
+        the group leader of this widget if None is given."""
+        return self.tk.call('wm', 'group', self._w, pathName)
+    group = wm_group
+    def wm_iconbitmap(self, bitmap=None, default=None):
+        """Set bitmap for the iconified widget to BITMAP. Return
+        the bitmap if None is given.
+
+        Under Windows, the DEFAULT parameter can be used to set the icon
+        for the widget and any descendents that don't have an icon set
+        explicitly.  DEFAULT can be the relative path to a .ico file
+        (example: root.iconbitmap(default='myicon.ico') ).  See Tk
+        documentation for more information."""
+        if default:
+            return self.tk.call('wm', 'iconbitmap', self._w, '-default', default)
+        else:
+            return self.tk.call('wm', 'iconbitmap', self._w, bitmap)
+    iconbitmap = wm_iconbitmap
+    def wm_iconify(self):
+        """Display widget as icon."""
+        return self.tk.call('wm', 'iconify', self._w)
+    iconify = wm_iconify
+    def wm_iconmask(self, bitmap=None):
+        """Set mask for the icon bitmap of this widget. Return the
+        mask if None is given."""
+        return self.tk.call('wm', 'iconmask', self._w, bitmap)
+    iconmask = wm_iconmask
+    def wm_iconname(self, newName=None):
+        """Set the name of the icon for this widget. Return the name if
+        None is given."""
+        return self.tk.call('wm', 'iconname', self._w, newName)
+    iconname = wm_iconname
+    def wm_iconphoto(self, default=False, *args): # new in Tk 8.5
+        """Sets the titlebar icon for this window based on the named photo
+        images passed through args. If default is True, this is applied to
+        all future created toplevels as well.
+
+        The data in the images is taken as a snapshot at the time of
+        invocation. If the images are later changed, this is not reflected
+        to the titlebar icons. Multiple images are accepted to allow
+        different images sizes to be provided. The window manager may scale
+        provided icons to an appropriate size.
+
+        On Windows, the images are packed into a Windows icon structure.
+        This will override an icon specified to wm_iconbitmap, and vice
+        versa.
+
+        On X, the images are arranged into the _NET_WM_ICON X property,
+        which most modern window managers support. An icon specified by
+        wm_iconbitmap may exist simultaneously.
+
+        On Macintosh, this currently does nothing."""
+        if default:
+            self.tk.call('wm', 'iconphoto', self._w, "-default", *args)
+        else:
+            self.tk.call('wm', 'iconphoto', self._w, *args)
+    iconphoto = wm_iconphoto
+    def wm_iconposition(self, x=None, y=None):
+        """Set the position of the icon of this widget to X and Y. Return
+        a tuple of the current values of X and X if None is given."""
+        return self._getints(self.tk.call(
+            'wm', 'iconposition', self._w, x, y))
+    iconposition = wm_iconposition
+    def wm_iconwindow(self, pathName=None):
+        """Set widget PATHNAME to be displayed instead of icon. Return the current
+        value if None is given."""
+        return self.tk.call('wm', 'iconwindow', self._w, pathName)
+    iconwindow = wm_iconwindow
+    def wm_manage(self, widget): # new in Tk 8.5
+        """The widget specified will become a stand alone top-level window.
+        The window will be decorated with the window managers title bar,
+        etc."""
+        self.tk.call('wm', 'manage', widget)
+    manage = wm_manage
+    def wm_maxsize(self, width=None, height=None):
+        """Set max WIDTH and HEIGHT for this widget. If the window is gridded
+        the values are given in grid units. Return the current values if None
+        is given."""
+        return self._getints(self.tk.call(
+            'wm', 'maxsize', self._w, width, height))
+    maxsize = wm_maxsize
+    def wm_minsize(self, width=None, height=None):
+        """Set min WIDTH and HEIGHT for this widget. If the window is gridded
+        the values are given in grid units. Return the current values if None
+        is given."""
+        return self._getints(self.tk.call(
+            'wm', 'minsize', self._w, width, height))
+    minsize = wm_minsize
+    def wm_overrideredirect(self, boolean=None):
+        """Instruct the window manager to ignore this widget
+        if BOOLEAN is given with 1. Return the current value if None
+        is given."""
+        return self._getboolean(self.tk.call(
+            'wm', 'overrideredirect', self._w, boolean))
+    overrideredirect = wm_overrideredirect
+    def wm_positionfrom(self, who=None):
+        """Instruct the window manager that the position of this widget shall
+        be defined by the user if WHO is "user", and by its own policy if WHO is
+        "program"."""
+        return self.tk.call('wm', 'positionfrom', self._w, who)
+    positionfrom = wm_positionfrom
+    def wm_protocol(self, name=None, func=None):
+        """Bind function FUNC to command NAME for this widget.
+        Return the function bound to NAME if None is given. NAME could be
+        e.g. "WM_SAVE_YOURSELF" or "WM_DELETE_WINDOW"."""
+        if callable(func):
+            command = self._register(func)
+        else:
+            command = func
+        return self.tk.call(
+            'wm', 'protocol', self._w, name, command)
+    protocol = wm_protocol
+    def wm_resizable(self, width=None, height=None):
+        """Instruct the window manager whether this width can be resized
+        in WIDTH or HEIGHT. Both values are boolean values."""
+        return self.tk.call('wm', 'resizable', self._w, width, height)
+    resizable = wm_resizable
+    def wm_sizefrom(self, who=None):
+        """Instruct the window manager that the size of this widget shall
+        be defined by the user if WHO is "user", and by its own policy if WHO is
+        "program"."""
+        return self.tk.call('wm', 'sizefrom', self._w, who)
+    sizefrom = wm_sizefrom
+    def wm_state(self, newstate=None):
+        """Query or set the state of this widget as one of normal, icon,
+        iconic (see wm_iconwindow), withdrawn, or zoomed (Windows only)."""
+        return self.tk.call('wm', 'state', self._w, newstate)
+    state = wm_state
+    def wm_title(self, string=None):
+        """Set the title of this widget."""
+        return self.tk.call('wm', 'title', self._w, string)
+    title = wm_title
+    def wm_transient(self, master=None):
+        """Instruct the window manager that this widget is transient
+        with regard to widget MASTER."""
+        return self.tk.call('wm', 'transient', self._w, master)
+    transient = wm_transient
+    def wm_withdraw(self):
+        """Withdraw this widget from the screen such that it is unmapped
+        and forgotten by the window manager. Re-draw it with wm_deiconify."""
+        return self.tk.call('wm', 'withdraw', self._w)
+    withdraw = wm_withdraw
+
+
+class Tk(Misc, Wm):
+    """Toplevel widget of Tk which represents mostly the main window
+    of an application. It has an associated Tcl interpreter."""
+    _w = '.'
+    def __init__(self, screenName=None, baseName=None, className='Tk',
+                 useTk=1, sync=0, use=None):
+        """Return a new Toplevel widget on screen SCREENNAME. A new Tcl interpreter will
+        be created. BASENAME will be used for the identification of the profile file (see
+        readprofile).
+        It is constructed from sys.argv[0] without extensions if None is given. CLASSNAME
+        is the name of the widget class."""
+        self.master = None
+        self.children = {}
+        self._tkloaded = 0
+        # to avoid recursions in the getattr code in case of failure, we
+        # ensure that self.tk is always _something_.
+        self.tk = None
+        if baseName is None:
+            import os
+            baseName = os.path.basename(sys.argv[0])
+            baseName, ext = os.path.splitext(baseName)
+            if ext not in ('.py', '.pyc'):
+                baseName = baseName + ext
+        interactive = 0
+        self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
+        if useTk:
+            self._loadtk()
+        if not sys.flags.ignore_environment:
+            # Issue #16248: Honor the -E flag to avoid code injection.
+            self.readprofile(baseName, className)
+    def loadtk(self):
+        if not self._tkloaded:
+            self.tk.loadtk()
+            self._loadtk()
+    def _loadtk(self):
+        self._tkloaded = 1
+        global _default_root
+        # Version sanity checks
+        tk_version = self.tk.getvar('tk_version')
+        if tk_version != _tkinter.TK_VERSION:
+            raise RuntimeError("tk.h version (%s) doesn't match libtk.a version (%s)"
+                               % (_tkinter.TK_VERSION, tk_version))
+        # Under unknown circumstances, tcl_version gets coerced to float
+        tcl_version = str(self.tk.getvar('tcl_version'))
+        if tcl_version != _tkinter.TCL_VERSION:
+            raise RuntimeError("tcl.h version (%s) doesn't match libtcl.a version (%s)" \
+                               % (_tkinter.TCL_VERSION, tcl_version))
+        # Create and register the tkerror and exit commands
+        # We need to inline parts of _register here, _ register
+        # would register differently-named commands.
+        if self._tclCommands is None:
+            self._tclCommands = []
+        self.tk.createcommand('tkerror', _tkerror)
+        self.tk.createcommand('exit', _exit)
+        self._tclCommands.append('tkerror')
+        self._tclCommands.append('exit')
+        if _support_default_root and not _default_root:
+            _default_root = self
+        self.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", self.destroy)
+    def destroy(self):
+        """Destroy this and all descendants widgets. This will
+        end the application of this Tcl interpreter."""
+        for c in list(self.children.values()): c.destroy()
+        self.tk.call('destroy', self._w)
+        Misc.destroy(self)
+        global _default_root
+        if _support_default_root and _default_root is self:
+            _default_root = None
+    def readprofile(self, baseName, className):
+        """Internal function. It reads BASENAME.tcl and CLASSNAME.tcl into
+        the Tcl Interpreter and calls exec on the contents of BASENAME.py and
+        CLASSNAME.py if such a file exists in the home directory."""
+        import os
+        if 'HOME' in os.environ: home = os.environ['HOME']
+        else: home = os.curdir
+        class_tcl = os.path.join(home, '.%s.tcl' % className)
+        class_py = os.path.join(home, '.%s.py' % className)
+        base_tcl = os.path.join(home, '.%s.tcl' % baseName)
+        base_py = os.path.join(home, '.%s.py' % baseName)
+        dir = {'self': self}
+        exec('from tkinter import *', dir)
+        if os.path.isfile(class_tcl):
+            self.tk.call('source', class_tcl)
+        if os.path.isfile(class_py):
+            exec(open(class_py).read(), dir)
+        if os.path.isfile(base_tcl):
+            self.tk.call('source', base_tcl)
+        if os.path.isfile(base_py):
+            exec(open(base_py).read(), dir)
+    def report_callback_exception(self, exc, val, tb):
+        """Report callback exception on sys.stderr.
+
+        Applications may want to override this internal function, and
+        should when sys.stderr is None."""
+        import traceback
+        print("Exception in Tkinter callback", file=sys.stderr)
+        sys.last_type = exc
+        sys.last_value = val
+        sys.last_traceback = tb
+        traceback.print_exception(exc, val, tb)
+    def __getattr__(self, attr):
+        "Delegate attribute access to the interpreter object"
+        return getattr(self.tk, attr)
+
+# Ideally, the classes Pack, Place and Grid disappear, the
+# pack/place/grid methods are defined on the Widget class, and
+# everybody uses w.pack_whatever(...) instead of Pack.whatever(w,
+# ...), with pack(), place() and grid() being short for
+# pack_configure(), place_configure() and grid_columnconfigure(), and
+# forget() being short for pack_forget().  As a practical matter, I'm
+# afraid that there is too much code out there that may be using the
+# Pack, Place or Grid class, so I leave them intact -- but only as
+# backwards compatibility features.  Also note that those methods that
+# take a master as argument (e.g. pack_propagate) have been moved to
+# the Misc class (which now incorporates all methods common between
+# toplevel and interior widgets).  Again, for compatibility, these are
+# copied into the Pack, Place or Grid class.
+
+
+def Tcl(screenName=None, baseName=None, className='Tk', useTk=0):
+    return Tk(screenName, baseName, className, useTk)
+
+class Pack:
+    """Geometry manager Pack.
+
+    Base class to use the methods pack_* in every widget."""
+    def pack_configure(self, cnf={}, **kw):
+        """Pack a widget in the parent widget. Use as options:
+        after=widget - pack it after you have packed widget
+        anchor=NSEW (or subset) - position widget according to
+                                  given direction
+        before=widget - pack it before you will pack widget
+        expand=bool - expand widget if parent size grows
+        fill=NONE or X or Y or BOTH - fill widget if widget grows
+        in=master - use master to contain this widget
+        in_=master - see 'in' option description
+        ipadx=amount - add internal padding in x direction
+        ipady=amount - add internal padding in y direction
+        padx=amount - add padding in x direction
+        pady=amount - add padding in y direction
+        side=TOP or BOTTOM or LEFT or RIGHT -  where to add this widget.
+        """
+        self.tk.call(
+              ('pack', 'configure', self._w)
+              + self._options(cnf, kw))
+    pack = configure = config = pack_configure
+    def pack_forget(self):
+        """Unmap this widget and do not use it for the packing order."""
+        self.tk.call('pack', 'forget', self._w)
+    forget = pack_forget
+    def pack_info(self):
+        """Return information about the packing options
+        for this widget."""
+        d = _splitdict(self.tk, self.tk.call('pack', 'info', self._w))
+        if 'in' in d:
+            d['in'] = self.nametowidget(d['in'])
+        return d
+    info = pack_info
+    propagate = pack_propagate = Misc.pack_propagate
+    slaves = pack_slaves = Misc.pack_slaves
+
+class Place:
+    """Geometry manager Place.
+
+    Base class to use the methods place_* in every widget."""
+    def place_configure(self, cnf={}, **kw):
+        """Place a widget in the parent widget. Use as options:
+        in=master - master relative to which the widget is placed
+        in_=master - see 'in' option description
+        x=amount - locate anchor of this widget at position x of master
+        y=amount - locate anchor of this widget at position y of master
+        relx=amount - locate anchor of this widget between 0.0 and 1.0
+                      relative to width of master (1.0 is right edge)
+        rely=amount - locate anchor of this widget between 0.0 and 1.0
+                      relative to height of master (1.0 is bottom edge)
+        anchor=NSEW (or subset) - position anchor according to given direction
+        width=amount - width of this widget in pixel
+        height=amount - height of this widget in pixel
+        relwidth=amount - width of this widget between 0.0 and 1.0
+                          relative to width of master (1.0 is the same width
+                          as the master)
+        relheight=amount - height of this widget between 0.0 and 1.0
+                           relative to height of master (1.0 is the same
+                           height as the master)
+        bordermode="inside" or "outside" - whether to take border width of
+                                           master widget into account
+        """
+        self.tk.call(
+              ('place', 'configure', self._w)
+              + self._options(cnf, kw))
+    place = configure = config = place_configure
+    def place_forget(self):
+        """Unmap this widget."""
+        self.tk.call('place', 'forget', self._w)
+    forget = place_forget
+    def place_info(self):
+        """Return information about the placing options
+        for this widget."""
+        d = _splitdict(self.tk, self.tk.call('place', 'info', self._w))
+        if 'in' in d:
+            d['in'] = self.nametowidget(d['in'])
+        return d
+    info = place_info
+    slaves = place_slaves = Misc.place_slaves
+
+class Grid:
+    """Geometry manager Grid.
+
+    Base class to use the methods grid_* in every widget."""
+    # Thanks to Masazumi Yoshikawa (yosikawa@isi.edu)
+    def grid_configure(self, cnf={}, **kw):
+        """Position a widget in the parent widget in a grid. Use as options:
+        column=number - use cell identified with given column (starting with 0)
+        columnspan=number - this widget will span several columns
+        in=master - use master to contain this widget
+        in_=master - see 'in' option description
+        ipadx=amount - add internal padding in x direction
+        ipady=amount - add internal padding in y direction
+        padx=amount - add padding in x direction
+        pady=amount - add padding in y direction
+        row=number - use cell identified with given row (starting with 0)
+        rowspan=number - this widget will span several rows
+        sticky=NSEW - if cell is larger on which sides will this
+                      widget stick to the cell boundary
+        """
+        self.tk.call(
+              ('grid', 'configure', self._w)
+              + self._options(cnf, kw))
+    grid = configure = config = grid_configure
+    bbox = grid_bbox = Misc.grid_bbox
+    columnconfigure = grid_columnconfigure = Misc.grid_columnconfigure
+    def grid_forget(self):
+        """Unmap this widget."""
+        self.tk.call('grid', 'forget', self._w)
+    forget = grid_forget
+    def grid_remove(self):
+        """Unmap this widget but remember the grid options."""
+        self.tk.call('grid', 'remove', self._w)
+    def grid_info(self):
+        """Return information about the options
+        for positioning this widget in a grid."""
+        d = _splitdict(self.tk, self.tk.call('grid', 'info', self._w))
+        if 'in' in d:
+            d['in'] = self.nametowidget(d['in'])
+        return d
+    info = grid_info
+    location = grid_location = Misc.grid_location
+    propagate = grid_propagate = Misc.grid_propagate
+    rowconfigure = grid_rowconfigure = Misc.grid_rowconfigure
+    size = grid_size = Misc.grid_size
+    slaves = grid_slaves = Misc.grid_slaves
+
+class BaseWidget(Misc):
+    """Internal class."""
+    def _setup(self, master, cnf):
+        """Internal function. Sets up information about children."""
+        if _support_default_root:
+            global _default_root
+            if not master:
+                if not _default_root:
+                    _default_root = Tk()
+                master = _default_root
+        self.master = master
+        self.tk = master.tk
+        name = None
+        if 'name' in cnf:
+            name = cnf['name']
+            del cnf['name']
+        if not name:
+            name = self.__class__.__name__.lower()
+            if master._last_child_ids is None:
+                master._last_child_ids = {}
+            count = master._last_child_ids.get(name, 0) + 1
+            master._last_child_ids[name] = count
+            if count == 1:
+                name = '!%s' % (name,)
+            else:
+                name = '!%s%d' % (name, count)
+        self._name = name
+        if master._w=='.':
+            self._w = '.' + name
+        else:
+            self._w = master._w + '.' + name
+        self.children = {}
+        if self._name in self.master.children:
+            self.master.children[self._name].destroy()
+        self.master.children[self._name] = self
+    def __init__(self, master, widgetName, cnf={}, kw={}, extra=()):
+        """Construct a widget with the parent widget MASTER, a name WIDGETNAME
+        and appropriate options."""
+        if kw:
+            cnf = _cnfmerge((cnf, kw))
+        self.widgetName = widgetName
+        BaseWidget._setup(self, master, cnf)
+        if self._tclCommands is None:
+            self._tclCommands = []
+        classes = [(k, v) for k, v in cnf.items() if isinstance(k, type)]
+        for k, v in classes:
+            del cnf[k]
+        self.tk.call(
+            (widgetName, self._w) + extra + self._options(cnf))
+        for k, v in classes:
+            k.configure(self, v)
+    def destroy(self):
+        """Destroy this and all descendants widgets."""
+        for c in list(self.children.values()): c.destroy()
+        self.tk.call('destroy', self._w)
+        if self._name in self.master.children:
+            del self.master.children[self._name]
+        Misc.destroy(self)
+    def _do(self, name, args=()):
+        # XXX Obsolete -- better use self.tk.call directly!
+        return self.tk.call((self._w, name) + args)
+
+class Widget(BaseWidget, Pack, Place, Grid):
+    """Internal class.
+
+    Base class for a widget which can be positioned with the geometry managers
+    Pack, Place or Grid."""
+    pass
+
+class Toplevel(BaseWidget, Wm):
+    """Toplevel widget, e.g. for dialogs."""
+    def __init__(self, master=None, cnf={}, **kw):
+        """Construct a toplevel widget with the parent MASTER.
+
+        Valid resource names: background, bd, bg, borderwidth, class,
+        colormap, container, cursor, height, highlightbackground,
+        highlightcolor, highlightthickness, menu, relief, screen, takefocus,
+        use, visual, width."""
+        if kw:
+            cnf = _cnfmerge((cnf, kw))
+        extra = ()
+        for wmkey in ['screen', 'class_', 'class', 'visual',
+                  'colormap']:
+            if wmkey in cnf:
+                val = cnf[wmkey]
+                # TBD: a hack needed because some keys
+                # are not valid as keyword arguments
+                if wmkey[-1] == '_': opt = '-'+wmkey[:-1]
+                else: opt = '-'+wmkey
+                extra = extra + (opt, val)
+                del cnf[wmkey]
+        BaseWidget.__init__(self, master, 'toplevel', cnf, {}, extra)
+        root = self._root()
+        self.iconname(root.iconname())
+        self.title(root.title())
+        self.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", self.destroy)
+
+class Button(Widget):
+    """Button widget."""
+    def __init__(self, master=None, cnf={}, **kw):
+        """Construct a button widget with the parent MASTER.
+
+        STANDARD OPTIONS
+
+            activebackground, activeforeground, anchor,
+            background, bitmap, borderwidth, cursor,
+            disabledforeground, font, foreground
+            highlightbackground, highlightcolor,
+            highlightthickness, image, justify,
+            padx, pady, relief, repeatdelay,
+            repeatinterval, takefocus, text,
+            textvariable, underline, wraplength
+
+        WIDGET-SPECIFIC OPTIONS
+
+            command, compound, default, height,
+            overrelief, state, width
+        """
+        Widget.__init__(self, master, 'button', cnf, kw)
+
+    def flash(self):
+        """Flash the button.
+
+        This is accomplished by redisplaying
+        the button several times, alternating between active and
+        normal colors. At the end of the flash the button is left
+        in the same normal/active state as when the command was
+        invoked. This command is ignored if the button's state is
+        disabled.
+        """
+        self.tk.call(self._w, 'flash')
+
+    def invoke(self):
+        """Invoke the command associated with the button.
+
+        The return value is the return value from the command,
+        or an empty string if there is no command associated with
+        the button. This command is ignored if the button's state
+        is disabled.
+        """
+        return self.tk.call(self._w, 'invoke')
+
+class Canvas(Widget, XView, YView):
+    """Canvas widget to display graphical elements like lines or text."""
+    def __init__(self, master=None, cnf={}, **kw):
+        """Construct a canvas widget with the parent MASTER.
+
+        Valid resource names: background, bd, bg, borderwidth, closeenough,
+        confine, cursor, height, highlightbackground, highlightcolor,
+        highlightthickness, insertbackground, insertborderwidth,
+        insertofftime, insertontime, insertwidth, offset, relief,
+        scrollregion, selectbackground, selectborderwidth, selectforeground,
+        state, takefocus, width, xscrollcommand, xscrollincrement,
+        yscrollcommand, yscrollincrement."""
+        Widget.__init__(self, master, 'canvas', cnf, kw)
+    def addtag(self, *args):
+        """Internal function."""
+        self.tk.call((self._w, 'addtag') + args)
+    def addtag_above(self, newtag, tagOrId):
+        """Add tag NEWTAG to all items above TAGORID."""
+        self.addtag(newtag, 'above', tagOrId)
+    def addtag_all(self, newtag):
+        """Add tag NEWTAG to all items."""
+        self.addtag(newtag, 'all')
+    def addtag_below(self, newtag, tagOrId):
+        """Add tag NEWTAG to all items below TAGORID."""
+        self.addtag(newtag, 'below', tagOrId)
+    def addtag_closest(self, newtag, x, y, halo=None, start=None):
+        """Add tag NEWTAG to item which is closest to pixel at X, Y.
+        If several match take the top-most.
+        All items closer than HALO are considered overlapping (all are
+        closests). If START is specified the next below this tag is taken."""
+        self.addtag(newtag, 'closest', x, y, halo, start)
+    def addtag_enclosed(self, newtag, x1, y1, x2, y2):
+        """Add tag NEWTAG to all items in the rectangle defined
+        by X1,Y1,X2,Y2."""
+        self.addtag(newtag, 'enclosed', x1, y1, x2, y2)
+    def addtag_overlapping(self, newtag, x1, y1, x2, y2):
+        """Add tag NEWTAG to all items which overlap the rectangle
+        defined by X1,Y1,X2,Y2."""
+        self.addtag(newtag, 'overlapping', x1, y1, x2, y2)
+    def addtag_withtag(self, newtag, tagOrId):
+        """Add tag NEWTAG to all items with TAGORID."""
+        self.addtag(newtag, 'withtag', tagOrId)
+    def bbox(self, *args):
+        """Return a tuple of X1,Y1,X2,Y2 coordinates for a rectangle
+        which encloses all items with tags specified as arguments."""
+        return self._getints(
+            self.tk.call((self._w, 'bbox') + args)) or None
+    def tag_unbind(self, tagOrId, sequence, funcid=None):
+        """Unbind for all items with TAGORID for event SEQUENCE  the
+        function identified with FUNCID."""
+        self.tk.call(self._w, 'bind', tagOrId, sequence, '')
+        if funcid:
+            self.deletecommand(funcid)
+    def tag_bind(self, tagOrId, sequence=None, func=None, add=None):
+        """Bind to all items with TAGORID at event SEQUENCE a call to function FUNC.
+
+        An additional boolean parameter ADD specifies whether FUNC will be
+        called additionally to the other bound function or whether it will
+        replace the previous function. See bind for the return value."""
+        return self._bind((self._w, 'bind', tagOrId),
+                  sequence, func, add)
+    def canvasx(self, screenx, gridspacing=None):
+        """Return the canvas x coordinate of pixel position SCREENX rounded
+        to nearest multiple of GRIDSPACING units."""
+        return self.tk.getdouble(self.tk.call(
+            self._w, 'canvasx', screenx, gridspacing))
+    def canvasy(self, screeny, gridspacing=None):
+        """Return the canvas y coordinate of pixel position SCREENY rounded
+        to nearest multiple of GRIDSPACING units."""
+        return self.tk.getdouble(self.tk.call(
+            self._w, 'canvasy', screeny, gridspacing))
+    def coords(self, *args):
+        """Return a list of coordinates for the item given in ARGS."""
+        # XXX Should use _flatten on args
+        return [self.tk.getdouble(x) for x in
+                           self.tk.splitlist(
+                   self.tk.call((self._w, 'coords') + args))]
+    def _create(self, itemType, args, kw): # Args: (val, val, ..., cnf={})
+        """Internal function."""
+        args = _flatten(args)
+        cnf = args[-1]
+        if isinstance(cnf, (dict, tuple)):
+            args = args[:-1]
+        else:
+            cnf = {}
+        return self.tk.getint(self.tk.call(
+            self._w, 'create', itemType,
+            *(args + self._options(cnf, kw))))
+    def create_arc(self, *args, **kw):
+        """Create arc shaped region with coordinates x1,y1,x2,y2."""
+        return self._create('arc', args, kw)
+    def create_bitmap(self, *args, **kw):
+        """Create bitmap with coordinates x1,y1."""
+        return self._create('bitmap', args, kw)
+    def create_image(self, *args, **kw):
+        """Create image item with coordinates x1,y1."""
+        return self._create('image', args, kw)
+    def create_line(self, *args, **kw):
+        """Create line with coordinates x1,y1,...,xn,yn."""
+        return self._create('line', args, kw)
+    def create_oval(self, *args, **kw):
+        """Create oval with coordinates x1,y1,x2,y2."""
+        return self._create('oval', args, kw)
+    def create_polygon(self, *args, **kw):
+        """Create polygon with coordinates x1,y1,...,xn,yn."""
+        return self._create('polygon', args, kw)
+    def create_rectangle(self, *args, **kw):
+        """Create rectangle with coordinates x1,y1,x2,y2."""
+        return self._create('rectangle', args, kw)
+    def create_text(self, *args, **kw):
+        """Create text with coordinates x1,y1."""
+        return self._create('text', args, kw)
+    def create_window(self, *args, **kw):
+        """Create window with coordinates x1,y1,x2,y2."""
+        return self._create('window', args, kw)
+    def dchars(self, *args):
+        """Delete characters of text items identified by tag or id in ARGS (possibly
+        several times) from FIRST to LAST character (including)."""
+        self.tk.call((self._w, 'dchars') + args)
+    def delete(self, *args):
+        """Delete items identified by all tag or ids contained in ARGS."""
+        self.tk.call((self._w, 'delete') + args)
+    def dtag(self, *args):
+        """Delete tag or id given as last arguments in ARGS from items
+        identified by first argument in ARGS."""
+        self.tk.call((self._w, 'dtag') + args)
+    def find(self, *args):
+        """Internal function."""
+        return self._getints(
+            self.tk.call((self._w, 'find') + args)) or ()
+    def find_above(self, tagOrId):
+        """Return items above TAGORID."""
+        return self.find('above', tagOrId)
+    def find_all(self):
+        """Return all items."""
+        return self.find('all')
+    def find_below(self, tagOrId):
+        """Return all items below TAGORID."""
+        return self.find('below', tagOrId)
+    def find_closest(self, x, y, halo=None, start=None):
+        """Return item which is closest to pixel at X, Y.
+        If several match take the top-most.
+        All items closer than HALO are considered overlapping (all are
+        closest). If START is specified the next below this tag is taken."""
+        return self.find('closest', x, y, halo, start)
+    def find_enclosed(self, x1, y1, x2, y2):
+        """Return all items in rectangle defined
+        by X1,Y1,X2,Y2."""
+        return self.find('enclosed', x1, y1, x2, y2)
+    def find_overlapping(self, x1, y1, x2, y2):
+        """Return all items which overlap the rectangle
+        defined by X1,Y1,X2,Y2."""
+        return self.find('overlapping', x1, y1, x2, y2)
+    def find_withtag(self, tagOrId):
+        """Return all items with TAGORID."""
+        return self.find('withtag', tagOrId)
+    def focus(self, *args):
+        """Set focus to the first item specified in ARGS."""
+        return self.tk.call((self._w, 'focus') + args)
+    def gettags(self, *args):
+        """Return tags associated with the first item specified in ARGS."""
+        return self.tk.splitlist(
+            self.tk.call((self._w, 'gettags') + args))
+    def icursor(self, *args):
+        """Set cursor at position POS in the item identified by TAGORID.
+        In ARGS TAGORID must be first."""
+        self.tk.call((self._w, 'icursor') + args)
+    def index(self, *args):
+        """Return position of cursor as integer in item specified in ARGS."""
+        return self.tk.getint(self.tk.call((self._w, 'index') + args))
+    def insert(self, *args):
+        """Insert TEXT in item TAGORID at position POS. ARGS must
+        be TAGORID POS TEXT."""
+        self.tk.call((self._w, 'insert') + args)
+    def itemcget(self, tagOrId, option):
+        """Return the resource value for an OPTION for item TAGORID."""
+        return self.tk.call(
+            (self._w, 'itemcget') + (tagOrId, '-'+option))
+    def itemconfigure(self, tagOrId, cnf=None, **kw):
+        """Configure resources of an item TAGORID.
+
+        The values for resources are specified as keyword
+        arguments. To get an overview about
+        the allowed keyword arguments call the method without arguments.
+        """
+        return self._configure(('itemconfigure', tagOrId), cnf, kw)
+    itemconfig = itemconfigure
+    # lower, tkraise/lift hide Misc.lower, Misc.tkraise/lift,
+    # so the preferred name for them is tag_lower, tag_raise
+    # (similar to tag_bind, and similar to the Text widget);
+    # unfortunately can't delete the old ones yet (maybe in 1.6)
+    def tag_lower(self, *args):
+        """Lower an item TAGORID given in ARGS
+        (optional below another item)."""
+        self.tk.call((self._w, 'lower') + args)
+    lower = tag_lower
+    def move(self, *args):
+        """Move an item TAGORID given in ARGS."""
+        self.tk.call((self._w, 'move') + args)
+    def postscript(self, cnf={}, **kw):
+        """Print the contents of the canvas to a postscript
+        file. Valid options: colormap, colormode, file, fontmap,
+        height, pageanchor, pageheight, pagewidth, pagex, pagey,
+        rotate, width, x, y."""
+        return self.tk.call((self._w, 'postscript') +
+                    self._options(cnf, kw))
+    def tag_raise(self, *args):
+        """Raise an item TAGORID given in ARGS
+        (optional above another item)."""
+        self.tk.call((self._w, 'raise') + args)
+    lift = tkraise = tag_raise
+    def scale(self, *args):
+        """Scale item TAGORID with XORIGIN, YORIGIN, XSCALE, YSCALE."""
+        self.tk.call((self._w, 'scale') + args)
+    def scan_mark(self, x, y):
+        """Remember the current X, Y coordinates."""
+        self.tk.call(self._w, 'scan', 'mark', x, y)
+    def scan_dragto(self, x, y, gain=10):
+        """Adjust the view of the canvas to GAIN times the
+        difference between X and Y and the coordinates given in
+        scan_mark."""
+        self.tk.call(self._w, 'scan', 'dragto', x, y, gain)
+    def select_adjust(self, tagOrId, index):
+        """Adjust the end of the selection near the cursor of an item TAGORID to index."""
+        self.tk.call(self._w, 'select', 'adjust', tagOrId, index)
+    def select_clear(self):
+        """Clear the selection if it is in this widget."""
+        self.tk.call(self._w, 'select', 'clear')
+    def select_from(self, tagOrId, index):
+        """Set the fixed end of a selection in item TAGORID to INDEX."""
+        self.tk.call(self._w, 'select', 'from', tagOrId, index)
+    def select_item(self):
+        """Return the item which has the selection."""
+        return self.tk.call(self._w, 'select', 'item') or None
+    def select_to(self, tagOrId, index):
+        """Set the variable end of a selection in item TAGORID to INDEX."""
+        self.tk.call(self._w, 'select', 'to', tagOrId, index)
+    def type(self, tagOrId):
+        """Return the type of the item TAGORID."""
+        return self.tk.call(self._w, 'type', tagOrId) or None
+
+class Checkbutton(Widget):
+    """Checkbutton widget which is either in on- or off-state."""
+    def __init__(self, master=None, cnf={}, **kw):
+        """Construct a checkbutton widget with the parent MASTER.
+
+        Valid resource names: activebackground, activeforeground, anchor,
+        background, bd, bg, bitmap, borderwidth, command, cursor,
+        disabledforeground, fg, font, foreground, height,
+        highlightbackground, highlightcolor, highlightthickness, image,
+        indicatoron, justify, offvalue, onvalue, padx, pady, relief,
+        selectcolor, selectimage, state, takefocus, text, textvariable,
+        underline, variable, width, wraplength."""
+        Widget.__init__(self, master, 'checkbutton', cnf, kw)
+    def deselect(self):
+        """Put the button in off-state."""
+        self.tk.call(self._w, 'deselect')
+    def flash(self):
+        """Flash the button."""
+        self.tk.call(self._w, 'flash')
+    def invoke(self):
+        """Toggle the button and invoke a command if given as resource."""
+        return self.tk.call(self._w, 'invoke')
+    def select(self):
+        """Put the button in on-state."""
+        self.tk.call(self._w, 'select')
+    def toggle(self):
+        """Toggle the button."""
+        self.tk.call(self._w, 'toggle')
+
+class Entry(Widget, XView):
+    """Entry widget which allows displaying simple text."""
+    def __init__(self, master=None, cnf={}, **kw):
+        """Construct an entry widget with the parent MASTER.
+
+        Valid resource names: background, bd, bg, borderwidth, cursor,
+        exportselection, fg, font, foreground, highlightbackground,
+        highlightcolor, highlightthickness, insertbackground,
+        insertborderwidth, insertofftime, insertontime, insertwidth,
+        invalidcommand, invcmd, justify, relief, selectbackground,
+        selectborderwidth, selectforeground, show, state, takefocus,
+        textvariable, validate, validatecommand, vcmd, width,
+        xscrollcommand."""
+        Widget.__init__(self, master, 'entry', cnf, kw)
+    def delete(self, first, last=None):
+        """Delete text from FIRST to LAST (not included)."""
+        self.tk.call(self._w, 'delete', first, last)
+    def get(self):
+        """Return the text."""
+        return self.tk.call(self._w, 'get')
+    def icursor(self, index):
+        """Insert cursor at INDEX."""
+        self.tk.call(self._w, 'icursor', index)
+    def index(self, index):
+        """Return position of cursor."""
+        return self.tk.getint(self.tk.call(
+            self._w, 'index', index))
+    def insert(self, index, string):
+        """Insert STRING at INDEX."""
+        self.tk.call(self._w, 'insert', index, string)
+    def scan_mark(self, x):
+        """Remember the current X, Y coordinates."""
+        self.tk.call(self._w, 'scan', 'mark', x)
+    def scan_dragto(self, x):
+        """Adjust the view of the canvas to 10 times the
+        difference between X and Y and the coordinates given in
+        scan_mark."""
+        self.tk.call(self._w, 'scan', 'dragto', x)
+    def selection_adjust(self, index):
+        """Adjust the end of the selection near the cursor to INDEX."""
+        self.tk.call(self._w, 'selection', 'adjust', index)
+    select_adjust = selection_adjust
+    def selection_clear(self):
+        """Clear the selection if it is in this widget."""
+        self.tk.call(self._w, 'selection', 'clear')
+    select_clear = selection_clear
+    def selection_from(self, index):
+        """Set the fixed end of a selection to INDEX."""
+        self.tk.call(self._w, 'selection', 'from', index)
+    select_from = selection_from
+    def selection_present(self):
+        """Return True if there are characters selected in the entry, False
+        otherwise."""
+        return self.tk.getboolean(
+            self.tk.call(self._w, 'selection', 'present'))
+    select_present = selection_present
+    def selection_range(self, start, end):
+        """Set the selection from START to END (not included)."""
+        self.tk.call(self._w, 'selection', 'range', start, end)
+    select_range = selection_range
+    def selection_to(self, index):
+        """Set the variable end of a selection to INDEX."""
+        self.tk.call(self._w, 'selection', 'to', index)
+    select_to = selection_to
+
+class Frame(Widget):
+    """Frame widget which may contain other widgets and can have a 3D border."""
+    def __init__(self, master=None, cnf={}, **kw):
+        """Construct a frame widget with the parent MASTER.
+
+        Valid resource names: background, bd, bg, borderwidth, class,
+        colormap, container, cursor, height, highlightbackground,
+        highlightcolor, highlightthickness, relief, takefocus, visual, width."""
+        cnf = _cnfmerge((cnf, kw))
+        extra = ()
+        if 'class_' in cnf:
+            extra = ('-class', cnf['class_'])
+            del cnf['class_']
+        elif 'class' in cnf:
+            extra = ('-class', cnf['class'])
+            del cnf['class']
+        Widget.__init__(self, master, 'frame', cnf, {}, extra)
+
+class Label(Widget):
+    """Label widget which can display text and bitmaps."""
+    def __init__(self, master=None, cnf={}, **kw):
+        """Construct a label widget with the parent MASTER.
+
+        STANDARD OPTIONS
+
+            activebackground, activeforeground, anchor,
+            background, bitmap, borderwidth, cursor,
+            disabledforeground, font, foreground,
+            highlightbackground, highlightcolor,
+            highlightthickness, image, justify,
+            padx, pady, relief, takefocus, text,
+            textvariable, underline, wraplength
+
+        WIDGET-SPECIFIC OPTIONS
+
+            height, state, width
+
+        """
+        Widget.__init__(self, master, 'label', cnf, kw)
+
+class Listbox(Widget, XView, YView):
+    """Listbox widget which can display a list of strings."""
+    def __init__(self, master=None, cnf={}, **kw):
+        """Construct a listbox widget with the parent MASTER.
+
+        Valid resource names: background, bd, bg, borderwidth, cursor,
+        exportselection, fg, font, foreground, height, highlightbackground,
+        highlightcolor, highlightthickness, relief, selectbackground,
+        selectborderwidth, selectforeground, selectmode, setgrid, takefocus,
+        width, xscrollcommand, yscrollcommand, listvariable."""
+        Widget.__init__(self, master, 'listbox', cnf, kw)
+    def activate(self, index):
+        """Activate item identified by INDEX."""
+        self.tk.call(self._w, 'activate', index)
+    def bbox(self, index):
+        """Return a tuple of X1,Y1,X2,Y2 coordinates for a rectangle
+        which encloses the item identified by the given index."""
+        return self._getints(self.tk.call(self._w, 'bbox', index)) or None
+    def curselection(self):
+        """Return the indices of currently selected item."""
+        return self._getints(self.tk.call(self._w, 'curselection')) or ()
+    def delete(self, first, last=None):
+        """Delete items from FIRST to LAST (included)."""
+        self.tk.call(self._w, 'delete', first, last)
+    def get(self, first, last=None):
+        """Get list of items from FIRST to LAST (included)."""
+        if last is not None:
+            return self.tk.splitlist(self.tk.call(
+                self._w, 'get', first, last))
+        else:
+            return self.tk.call(self._w, 'get', first)
+    def index(self, index):
+        """Return index of item identified with INDEX."""
+        i = self.tk.call(self._w, 'index', index)
+        if i == 'none': return None
+        return self.tk.getint(i)
+    def insert(self, index, *elements):
+        """Insert ELEMENTS at INDEX."""
+        self.tk.call((self._w, 'insert', index) + elements)
+    def nearest(self, y):
+        """Get index of item which is nearest to y coordinate Y."""
+        return self.tk.getint(self.tk.call(
+            self._w, 'nearest', y))
+    def scan_mark(self, x, y):
+        """Remember the current X, Y coordinates."""
+        self.tk.call(self._w, 'scan', 'mark', x, y)
+    def scan_dragto(self, x, y):
+        """Adjust the view of the listbox to 10 times the
+        difference between X and Y and the coordinates given in
+        scan_mark."""
+        self.tk.call(self._w, 'scan', 'dragto', x, y)
+    def see(self, index):
+        """Scroll such that INDEX is visible."""
+        self.tk.call(self._w, 'see', index)
+    def selection_anchor(self, index):
+        """Set the fixed end oft the selection to INDEX."""
+        self.tk.call(self._w, 'selection', 'anchor', index)
+    select_anchor = selection_anchor
+    def selection_clear(self, first, last=None):
+        """Clear the selection from FIRST to LAST (included)."""
+        self.tk.call(self._w,
+                 'selection', 'clear', first, last)
+    select_clear = selection_clear
+    def selection_includes(self, index):
+        """Return 1 if INDEX is part of the selection."""
+        return self.tk.getboolean(self.tk.call(
+            self._w, 'selection', 'includes', index))
+    select_includes = selection_includes
+    def selection_set(self, first, last=None):
+        """Set the selection from FIRST to LAST (included) without
+        changing the currently selected elements."""
+        self.tk.call(self._w, 'selection', 'set', first, last)
+    select_set = selection_set
+    def size(self):
+        """Return the number of elements in the listbox."""
+        return self.tk.getint(self.tk.call(self._w, 'size'))
+    def itemcget(self, index, option):
+        """Return the resource value for an ITEM and an OPTION."""
+        return self.tk.call(
+            (self._w, 'itemcget') + (index, '-'+option))
+    def itemconfigure(self, index, cnf=None, **kw):
+        """Configure resources of an ITEM.
+
+        The values for resources are specified as keyword arguments.
+        To get an overview about the allowed keyword arguments
+        call the method without arguments.
+        Valid resource names: background, bg, foreground, fg,
+        selectbackground, selectforeground."""
+        return self._configure(('itemconfigure', index), cnf, kw)
+    itemconfig = itemconfigure
+
+class Menu(Widget):
+    """Menu widget which allows displaying menu bars, pull-down menus and pop-up menus."""
+    def __init__(self, master=None, cnf={}, **kw):
+        """Construct menu widget with the parent MASTER.
+
+        Valid resource names: activebackground, activeborderwidth,
+        activeforeground, background, bd, bg, borderwidth, cursor,
+        disabledforeground, fg, font, foreground, postcommand, relief,
+        selectcolor, takefocus, tearoff, tearoffcommand, title, type."""
+        Widget.__init__(self, master, 'menu', cnf, kw)
+    def tk_popup(self, x, y, entry=""):
+        """Post the menu at position X,Y with entry ENTRY."""
+        self.tk.call('tk_popup', self._w, x, y, entry)
+    def activate(self, index):
+        """Activate entry at INDEX."""
+        self.tk.call(self._w, 'activate', index)
+    def add(self, itemType, cnf={}, **kw):
+        """Internal function."""
+        self.tk.call((self._w, 'add', itemType) +
+                 self._options(cnf, kw))
+    def add_cascade(self, cnf={}, **kw):
+        """Add hierarchical menu item."""
+        self.add('cascade', cnf or kw)
+    def add_checkbutton(self, cnf={}, **kw):
+        """Add checkbutton menu item."""
+        self.add('checkbutton', cnf or kw)
+    def add_command(self, cnf={}, **kw):
+        """Add command menu item."""
+        self.add('command', cnf or kw)
+    def add_radiobutton(self, cnf={}, **kw):
+        """Addd radio menu item."""
+        self.add('radiobutton', cnf or kw)
+    def add_separator(self, cnf={}, **kw):
+        """Add separator."""
+        self.add('separator', cnf or kw)
+    def insert(self, index, itemType, cnf={}, **kw):
+        """Internal function."""
+        self.tk.call((self._w, 'insert', index, itemType) +
+                 self._options(cnf, kw))
+    def insert_cascade(self, index, cnf={}, **kw):
+        """Add hierarchical menu item at INDEX."""
+        self.insert(index, 'cascade', cnf or kw)
+    def insert_checkbutton(self, index, cnf={}, **kw):
+        """Add checkbutton menu item at INDEX."""
+        self.insert(index, 'checkbutton', cnf or kw)
+    def insert_command(self, index, cnf={}, **kw):
+        """Add command menu item at INDEX."""
+        self.insert(index, 'command', cnf or kw)
+    def insert_radiobutton(self, index, cnf={}, **kw):
+        """Addd radio menu item at INDEX."""
+        self.insert(index, 'radiobutton', cnf or kw)
+    def insert_separator(self, index, cnf={}, **kw):
+        """Add separator at INDEX."""
+        self.insert(index, 'separator', cnf or kw)
+    def delete(self, index1, index2=None):
+        """Delete menu items between INDEX1 and INDEX2 (included)."""
+        if index2 is None:
+            index2 = index1
+
+        num_index1, num_index2 = self.index(index1), self.index(index2)
+        if (num_index1 is None) or (num_index2 is None):
+            num_index1, num_index2 = 0, -1
+
+        for i in range(num_index1, num_index2 + 1):
+            if 'command' in self.entryconfig(i):
+                c = str(self.entrycget(i, 'command'))
+                if c:
+                    self.deletecommand(c)
+        self.tk.call(self._w, 'delete', index1, index2)
+    def entrycget(self, index, option):
+        """Return the resource value of a menu item for OPTION at INDEX."""
+        return self.tk.call(self._w, 'entrycget', index, '-' + option)
+    def entryconfigure(self, index, cnf=None, **kw):
+        """Configure a menu item at INDEX."""
+        return self._configure(('entryconfigure', index), cnf, kw)
+    entryconfig = entryconfigure
+    def index(self, index):
+        """Return the index of a menu item identified by INDEX."""
+        i = self.tk.call(self._w, 'index', index)
+        if i == 'none': return None
+        return self.tk.getint(i)
+    def invoke(self, index):
+        """Invoke a menu item identified by INDEX and execute
+        the associated command."""
+        return self.tk.call(self._w, 'invoke', index)
+    def post(self, x, y):
+        """Display a menu at position X,Y."""
+        self.tk.call(self._w, 'post', x, y)
+    def type(self, index):
+        """Return the type of the menu item at INDEX."""
+        return self.tk.call(self._w, 'type', index)
+    def unpost(self):
+        """Unmap a menu."""
+        self.tk.call(self._w, 'unpost')
+    def xposition(self, index): # new in Tk 8.5
+        """Return the x-position of the leftmost pixel of the menu item
+        at INDEX."""
+        return self.tk.getint(self.tk.call(self._w, 'xposition', index))
+    def yposition(self, index):
+        """Return the y-position of the topmost pixel of the menu item at INDEX."""
+        return self.tk.getint(self.tk.call(
+            self._w, 'yposition', index))
+
+class Menubutton(Widget):
+    """Menubutton widget, obsolete since Tk8.0."""
+    def __init__(self, master=None, cnf={}, **kw):
+        Widget.__init__(self, master, 'menubutton', cnf, kw)
+
+class Message(Widget):
+    """Message widget to display multiline text. Obsolete since Label does it too."""
+    def __init__(self, master=None, cnf={}, **kw):
+        Widget.__init__(self, master, 'message', cnf, kw)
+
+class Radiobutton(Widget):
+    """Radiobutton widget which shows only one of several buttons in on-state."""
+    def __init__(self, master=None, cnf={}, **kw):
+        """Construct a radiobutton widget with the parent MASTER.
+
+        Valid resource names: activebackground, activeforeground, anchor,
+        background, bd, bg, bitmap, borderwidth, command, cursor,
+        disabledforeground, fg, font, foreground, height,
+        highlightbackground, highlightcolor, highlightthickness, image,
+        indicatoron, justify, padx, pady, relief, selectcolor, selectimage,
+        state, takefocus, text, textvariable, underline, value, variable,
+        width, wraplength."""
+        Widget.__init__(self, master, 'radiobutton', cnf, kw)
+    def deselect(self):
+        """Put the button in off-state."""
+
+        self.tk.call(self._w, 'deselect')
+    def flash(self):
+        """Flash the button."""
+        self.tk.call(self._w, 'flash')
+    def invoke(self):
+        """Toggle the button and invoke a command if given as resource."""
+        return self.tk.call(self._w, 'invoke')
+    def select(self):
+        """Put the button in on-state."""
+        self.tk.call(self._w, 'select')
+
+class Scale(Widget):
+    """Scale widget which can display a numerical scale."""
+    def __init__(self, master=None, cnf={}, **kw):
+        """Construct a scale widget with the parent MASTER.
+
+        Valid resource names: activebackground, background, bigincrement, bd,
+        bg, borderwidth, command, cursor, digits, fg, font, foreground, from,
+        highlightbackground, highlightcolor, highlightthickness, label,
+        length, orient, relief, repeatdelay, repeatinterval, resolution,
+        showvalue, sliderlength, sliderrelief, state, takefocus,
+        tickinterval, to, troughcolor, variable, width."""
+        Widget.__init__(self, master, 'scale', cnf, kw)
+    def get(self):
+        """Get the current value as integer or float."""
+        value = self.tk.call(self._w, 'get')
+        try:
+            return self.tk.getint(value)
+        except (ValueError, TypeError, TclError):
+            return self.tk.getdouble(value)
+    def set(self, value):
+        """Set the value to VALUE."""
+        self.tk.call(self._w, 'set', value)
+    def coords(self, value=None):
+        """Return a tuple (X,Y) of the point along the centerline of the
+        trough that corresponds to VALUE or the current value if None is
+        given."""
+
+        return self._getints(self.tk.call(self._w, 'coords', value))
+    def identify(self, x, y):
+        """Return where the point X,Y lies. Valid return values are "slider",
+        "though1" and "though2"."""
+        return self.tk.call(self._w, 'identify', x, y)
+
+class Scrollbar(Widget):
+    """Scrollbar widget which displays a slider at a certain position."""
+    def __init__(self, master=None, cnf={}, **kw):
+        """Construct a scrollbar widget with the parent MASTER.
+
+        Valid resource names: activebackground, activerelief,
+        background, bd, bg, borderwidth, command, cursor,
+        elementborderwidth, highlightbackground,
+        highlightcolor, highlightthickness, jump, orient,
+        relief, repeatdelay, repeatinterval, takefocus,
+        troughcolor, width."""
+        Widget.__init__(self, master, 'scrollbar', cnf, kw)
+    def activate(self, index=None):
+        """Marks the element indicated by index as active.
+        The only index values understood by this method are "arrow1",
+        "slider", or "arrow2".  If any other value is specified then no
+        element of the scrollbar will be active.  If index is not specified,
+        the method returns the name of the element that is currently active,
+        or None if no element is active."""
+        return self.tk.call(self._w, 'activate', index) or None
+    def delta(self, deltax, deltay):
+        """Return the fractional change of the scrollbar setting if it
+        would be moved by DELTAX or DELTAY pixels."""
+        return self.tk.getdouble(
+            self.tk.call(self._w, 'delta', deltax, deltay))
+    def fraction(self, x, y):
+        """Return the fractional value which corresponds to a slider
+        position of X,Y."""
+        return self.tk.getdouble(self.tk.call(self._w, 'fraction', x, y))
+    def identify(self, x, y):
+        """Return the element under position X,Y as one of
+        "arrow1","slider","arrow2" or ""."""
+        return self.tk.call(self._w, 'identify', x, y)
+    def get(self):
+        """Return the current fractional values (upper and lower end)
+        of the slider position."""
+        return self._getdoubles(self.tk.call(self._w, 'get'))
+    def set(self, first, last):
+        """Set the fractional values of the slider position (upper and
+        lower ends as value between 0 and 1)."""
+        self.tk.call(self._w, 'set', first, last)
+
+
+
+class Text(Widget, XView, YView):
+    """Text widget which can display text in various forms."""
+    def __init__(self, master=None, cnf={}, **kw):
+        """Construct a text widget with the parent MASTER.
+
+        STANDARD OPTIONS
+
+            background, borderwidth, cursor,
+            exportselection, font, foreground,
+            highlightbackground, highlightcolor,
+            highlightthickness, insertbackground,
+            insertborderwidth, insertofftime,
+            insertontime, insertwidth, padx, pady,
+            relief, selectbackground,
+            selectborderwidth, selectforeground,
+            setgrid, takefocus,
+            xscrollcommand, yscrollcommand,
+
+        WIDGET-SPECIFIC OPTIONS
+
+            autoseparators, height, maxundo,
+            spacing1, spacing2, spacing3,
+            state, tabs, undo, width, wrap,
+
+        """
+        Widget.__init__(self, master, 'text', cnf, kw)
+    def bbox(self, index):
+        """Return a tuple of (x,y,width,height) which gives the bounding
+        box of the visible part of the character at the given index."""
+        return self._getints(
+                self.tk.call(self._w, 'bbox', index)) or None
+    def compare(self, index1, op, index2):
+        """Return whether between index INDEX1 and index INDEX2 the
+        relation OP is satisfied. OP is one of <, <=, ==, >=, >, or !=."""
+        return self.tk.getboolean(self.tk.call(
+            self._w, 'compare', index1, op, index2))
+    def count(self, index1, index2, *args): # new in Tk 8.5
+        """Counts the number of relevant things between the two indices.
+        If index1 is after index2, the result will be a negative number
+        (and this holds for each of the possible options).
+
+        The actual items which are counted depends on the options given by
+        args. The result is a list of integers, one for the result of each
+        counting option given. Valid counting options are "chars",
+        "displaychars", "displayindices", "displaylines", "indices",
+        "lines", "xpixels" and "ypixels". There is an additional possible
+        option "update", which if given then all subsequent options ensure
+        that any possible out of date information is recalculated."""
+        args = ['-%s' % arg for arg in args if not arg.startswith('-')]
+        args += [index1, index2]
+        res = self.tk.call(self._w, 'count', *args) or None
+        if res is not None and len(args) <= 3:
+            return (res, )
+        else:
+            return res
+    def debug(self, boolean=None):
+        """Turn on the internal consistency checks of the B-Tree inside the text
+        widget according to BOOLEAN."""
+        if boolean is None:
+            return self.tk.getboolean(self.tk.call(self._w, 'debug'))
+        self.tk.call(self._w, 'debug', boolean)
+    def delete(self, index1, index2=None):
+        """Delete the characters between INDEX1 and INDEX2 (not included)."""
+        self.tk.call(self._w, 'delete', index1, index2)
+    def dlineinfo(self, index):
+        """Return tuple (x,y,width,height,baseline) giving the bounding box
+        and baseline position of the visible part of the line containing
+        the character at INDEX."""
+        return self._getints(self.tk.call(self._w, 'dlineinfo', index))
+    def dump(self, index1, index2=None, command=None, **kw):
+        """Return the contents of the widget between index1 and index2.
+
+        The type of contents returned in filtered based on the keyword
+        parameters; if 'all', 'image', 'mark', 'tag', 'text', or 'window' are
+        given and true, then the corresponding items are returned. The result
+        is a list of triples of the form (key, value, index). If none of the
+        keywords are true then 'all' is used by default.
+
+        If the 'command' argument is given, it is called once for each element
+        of the list of triples, with the values of each triple serving as the
+        arguments to the function. In this case the list is not returned."""
+        args = []
+        func_name = None
+        result = None
+        if not command:
+            # Never call the dump command without the -command flag, since the
+            # output could involve Tcl quoting and would be a pain to parse
+            # right. Instead just set the command to build a list of triples
+            # as if we had done the parsing.
+            result = []
+            def append_triple(key, value, index, result=result):
+                result.append((key, value, index))
+            command = append_triple
+        try:
+            if not isinstance(command, str):
+                func_name = command = self._register(command)
+            args += ["-command", command]
+            for key in kw:
+                if kw[key]: args.append("-" + key)
+            args.append(index1)
+            if index2:
+                args.append(index2)
+            self.tk.call(self._w, "dump", *args)
+            return result
+        finally:
+            if func_name:
+                self.deletecommand(func_name)
+
+    ## new in tk8.4
+    def edit(self, *args):
+        """Internal method
+
+        This method controls the undo mechanism and
+        the modified flag. The exact behavior of the
+        command depends on the option argument that
+        follows the edit argument. The following forms
+        of the command are currently supported:
+
+        edit_modified, edit_redo, edit_reset, edit_separator
+        and edit_undo
+
+        """
+        return self.tk.call(self._w, 'edit', *args)
+
+    def edit_modified(self, arg=None):
+        """Get or Set the modified flag
+
+        If arg is not specified, returns the modified
+        flag of the widget. The insert, delete, edit undo and
+        edit redo commands or the user can set or clear the
+        modified flag. If boolean is specified, sets the
+        modified flag of the widget to arg.
+        """
+        return self.edit("modified", arg)
+
+    def edit_redo(self):
+        """Redo the last undone edit
+
+        When the undo option is true, reapplies the last
+        undone edits provided no other edits were done since
+        then. Generates an error when the redo stack is empty.
+        Does nothing when the undo option is false.
+        """
+        return self.edit("redo")
+
+    def edit_reset(self):
+        """Clears the undo and redo stacks
+        """
+        return self.edit("reset")
+
+    def edit_separator(self):
+        """Inserts a separator (boundary) on the undo stack.
+
+        Does nothing when the undo option is false
+        """
+        return self.edit("separator")
+
+    def edit_undo(self):
+        """Undoes the last edit action
+
+        If the undo option is true. An edit action is defined
+        as all the insert and delete commands that are recorded
+        on the undo stack in between two separators. Generates
+        an error when the undo stack is empty. Does nothing
+        when the undo option is false
+        """
+        return self.edit("undo")
+
+    def get(self, index1, index2=None):
+        """Return the text from INDEX1 to INDEX2 (not included)."""
+        return self.tk.call(self._w, 'get', index1, index2)
+    # (Image commands are new in 8.0)
+    def image_cget(self, index, option):
+        """Return the value of OPTION of an embedded image at INDEX."""
+        if option[:1] != "-":
+            option = "-" + option
+        if option[-1:] == "_":
+            option = option[:-1]
+        return self.tk.call(self._w, "image", "cget", index, option)
+    def image_configure(self, index, cnf=None, **kw):
+        """Configure an embedded image at INDEX."""
+        return self._configure(('image', 'configure', index), cnf, kw)
+    def image_create(self, index, cnf={}, **kw):
+        """Create an embedded image at INDEX."""
+        return self.tk.call(
+                 self._w, "image", "create", index,
+                 *self._options(cnf, kw))
+    def image_names(self):
+        """Return all names of embedded images in this widget."""
+        return self.tk.call(self._w, "image", "names")
+    def index(self, index):
+        """Return the index in the form line.char for INDEX."""
+        return str(self.tk.call(self._w, 'index', index))
+    def insert(self, index, chars, *args):
+        """Insert CHARS before the characters at INDEX. An additional
+        tag can be given in ARGS. Additional CHARS and tags can follow in ARGS."""
+        self.tk.call((self._w, 'insert', index, chars) + args)
+    def mark_gravity(self, markName, direction=None):
+        """Change the gravity of a mark MARKNAME to DIRECTION (LEFT or RIGHT).
+        Return the current value if None is given for DIRECTION."""
+        return self.tk.call(
+            (self._w, 'mark', 'gravity', markName, direction))
+    def mark_names(self):
+        """Return all mark names."""
+        return self.tk.splitlist(self.tk.call(
+            self._w, 'mark', 'names'))
+    def mark_set(self, markName, index):
+        """Set mark MARKNAME before the character at INDEX."""
+        self.tk.call(self._w, 'mark', 'set', markName, index)
+    def mark_unset(self, *markNames):
+        """Delete all marks in MARKNAMES."""
+        self.tk.call((self._w, 'mark', 'unset') + markNames)
+    def mark_next(self, index):
+        """Return the name of the next mark after INDEX."""
+        return self.tk.call(self._w, 'mark', 'next', index) or None
+    def mark_previous(self, index):
+        """Return the name of the previous mark before INDEX."""
+        return self.tk.call(self._w, 'mark', 'previous', index) or None
+    def peer_create(self, newPathName, cnf={}, **kw): # new in Tk 8.5
+        """Creates a peer text widget with the given newPathName, and any
+        optional standard configuration options. By default the peer will
+        have the same start and end line as the parent widget, but
+        these can be overridden with the standard configuration options."""
+        self.tk.call(self._w, 'peer', 'create', newPathName,
+            *self._options(cnf, kw))
+    def peer_names(self): # new in Tk 8.5
+        """Returns a list of peers of this widget (this does not include
+        the widget itself)."""
+        return self.tk.splitlist(self.tk.call(self._w, 'peer', 'names'))
+    def replace(self, index1, index2, chars, *args): # new in Tk 8.5
+        """Replaces the range of characters between index1 and index2 with
+        the given characters and tags specified by args.
+
+        See the method insert for some more information about args, and the
+        method delete for information about the indices."""
+        self.tk.call(self._w, 'replace', index1, index2, chars, *args)
+    def scan_mark(self, x, y):
+        """Remember the current X, Y coordinates."""
+        self.tk.call(self._w, 'scan', 'mark', x, y)
+    def scan_dragto(self, x, y):
+        """Adjust the view of the text to 10 times the
+        difference between X and Y and the coordinates given in
+        scan_mark."""
+        self.tk.call(self._w, 'scan', 'dragto', x, y)
+    def search(self, pattern, index, stopindex=None,
+           forwards=None, backwards=None, exact=None,
+           regexp=None, nocase=None, count=None, elide=None):
+        """Search PATTERN beginning from INDEX until STOPINDEX.
+        Return the index of the first character of a match or an
+        empty string."""
+        args = [self._w, 'search']
+        if forwards: args.append('-forwards')
+        if backwards: args.append('-backwards')
+        if exact: args.append('-exact')
+        if regexp: args.append('-regexp')
+        if nocase: args.append('-nocase')
+        if elide: args.append('-elide')
+        if count: args.append('-count'); args.append(count)
+        if pattern and pattern[0] == '-': args.append('--')
+        args.append(pattern)
+        args.append(index)
+        if stopindex: args.append(stopindex)
+        return str(self.tk.call(tuple(args)))
+    def see(self, index):
+        """Scroll such that the character at INDEX is visible."""
+        self.tk.call(self._w, 'see', index)
+    def tag_add(self, tagName, index1, *args):
+        """Add tag TAGNAME to all characters between INDEX1 and index2 in ARGS.
+        Additional pairs of indices may follow in ARGS."""
+        self.tk.call(
+            (self._w, 'tag', 'add', tagName, index1) + args)
+    def tag_unbind(self, tagName, sequence, funcid=None):
+        """Unbind for all characters with TAGNAME for event SEQUENCE  the
+        function identified with FUNCID."""
+        self.tk.call(self._w, 'tag', 'bind', tagName, sequence, '')
+        if funcid:
+            self.deletecommand(funcid)
+    def tag_bind(self, tagName, sequence, func, add=None):
+        """Bind to all characters with TAGNAME at event SEQUENCE a call to function FUNC.
+
+        An additional boolean parameter ADD specifies whether FUNC will be
+        called additionally to the other bound function or whether it will
+        replace the previous function. See bind for the return value."""
+        return self._bind((self._w, 'tag', 'bind', tagName),
+                  sequence, func, add)
+    def tag_cget(self, tagName, option):
+        """Return the value of OPTION for tag TAGNAME."""
+        if option[:1] != '-':
+            option = '-' + option
+        if option[-1:] == '_':
+            option = option[:-1]
+        return self.tk.call(self._w, 'tag', 'cget', tagName, option)
+    def tag_configure(self, tagName, cnf=None, **kw):
+        """Configure a tag TAGNAME."""
+        return self._configure(('tag', 'configure', tagName), cnf, kw)
+    tag_config = tag_configure
+    def tag_delete(self, *tagNames):
+        """Delete all tags in TAGNAMES."""
+        self.tk.call((self._w, 'tag', 'delete') + tagNames)
+    def tag_lower(self, tagName, belowThis=None):
+        """Change the priority of tag TAGNAME such that it is lower
+        than the priority of BELOWTHIS."""
+        self.tk.call(self._w, 'tag', 'lower', tagName, belowThis)
+    def tag_names(self, index=None):
+        """Return a list of all tag names."""
+        return self.tk.splitlist(
+            self.tk.call(self._w, 'tag', 'names', index))
+    def tag_nextrange(self, tagName, index1, index2=None):
+        """Return a list of start and end index for the first sequence of
+        characters between INDEX1 and INDEX2 which all have tag TAGNAME.
+        The text is searched forward from INDEX1."""
+        return self.tk.splitlist(self.tk.call(
+            self._w, 'tag', 'nextrange', tagName, index1, index2))
+    def tag_prevrange(self, tagName, index1, index2=None):
+        """Return a list of start and end index for the first sequence of
+        characters between INDEX1 and INDEX2 which all have tag TAGNAME.
+        The text is searched backwards from INDEX1."""
+        return self.tk.splitlist(self.tk.call(
+            self._w, 'tag', 'prevrange', tagName, index1, index2))
+    def tag_raise(self, tagName, aboveThis=None):
+        """Change the priority of tag TAGNAME such that it is higher
+        than the priority of ABOVETHIS."""
+        self.tk.call(
+            self._w, 'tag', 'raise', tagName, aboveThis)
+    def tag_ranges(self, tagName):
+        """Return a list of ranges of text which have tag TAGNAME."""
+        return self.tk.splitlist(self.tk.call(
+            self._w, 'tag', 'ranges', tagName))
+    def tag_remove(self, tagName, index1, index2=None):
+        """Remove tag TAGNAME from all characters between INDEX1 and INDEX2."""
+        self.tk.call(
+            self._w, 'tag', 'remove', tagName, index1, index2)
+    def window_cget(self, index, option):
+        """Return the value of OPTION of an embedded window at INDEX."""
+        if option[:1] != '-':
+            option = '-' + option
+        if option[-1:] == '_':
+            option = option[:-1]
+        return self.tk.call(self._w, 'window', 'cget', index, option)
+    def window_configure(self, index, cnf=None, **kw):
+        """Configure an embedded window at INDEX."""
+        return self._configure(('window', 'configure', index), cnf, kw)
+    window_config = window_configure
+    def window_create(self, index, cnf={}, **kw):
+        """Create a window at INDEX."""
+        self.tk.call(
+              (self._w, 'window', 'create', index)
+              + self._options(cnf, kw))
+    def window_names(self):
+        """Return all names of embedded windows in this widget."""
+        return self.tk.splitlist(
+            self.tk.call(self._w, 'window', 'names'))
+    def yview_pickplace(self, *what):
+        """Obsolete function, use see."""
+        self.tk.call((self._w, 'yview', '-pickplace') + what)
+
+
+class _setit:
+    """Internal class. It wraps the command in the widget OptionMenu."""
+    def __init__(self, var, value, callback=None):
+        self.__value = value
+        self.__var = var
+        self.__callback = callback
+    def __call__(self, *args):
+        self.__var.set(self.__value)
+        if self.__callback:
+            self.__callback(self.__value, *args)
+
+class OptionMenu(Menubutton):
+    """OptionMenu which allows the user to select a value from a menu."""
+    def __init__(self, master, variable, value, *values, **kwargs):
+        """Construct an optionmenu widget with the parent MASTER, with
+        the resource textvariable set to VARIABLE, the initially selected
+        value VALUE, the other menu values VALUES and an additional
+        keyword argument command."""
+        kw = {"borderwidth": 2, "textvariable": variable,
+              "indicatoron": 1, "relief": RAISED, "anchor": "c",
+              "highlightthickness": 2}
+        Widget.__init__(self, master, "menubutton", kw)
+        self.widgetName = 'tk_optionMenu'
+        menu = self.__menu = Menu(self, name="menu", tearoff=0)
+        self.menuname = menu._w
+        # 'command' is the only supported keyword
+        callback = kwargs.get('command')
+        if 'command' in kwargs:
+            del kwargs['command']
+        if kwargs:
+            raise TclError('unknown option -'+kwargs.keys()[0])
+        menu.add_command(label=value,
+                 command=_setit(variable, value, callback))
+        for v in values:
+            menu.add_command(label=v,
+                     command=_setit(variable, v, callback))
+        self["menu"] = menu
+
+    def __getitem__(self, name):
+        if name == 'menu':
+            return self.__menu
+        return Widget.__getitem__(self, name)
+
+    def destroy(self):
+        """Destroy this widget and the associated menu."""
+        Menubutton.destroy(self)
+        self.__menu = None
+
+class Image:
+    """Base class for images."""
+    _last_id = 0
+    def __init__(self, imgtype, name=None, cnf={}, master=None, **kw):
+        self.name = None
+        if not master:
+            master = _default_root
+            if not master:
+                raise RuntimeError('Too early to create image')
+        self.tk = getattr(master, 'tk', master)
+        if not name:
+            Image._last_id += 1
+            name = "pyimage%r" % (Image._last_id,) # tk itself would use image<x>
+        if kw and cnf: cnf = _cnfmerge((cnf, kw))
+        elif kw: cnf = kw
+        options = ()
+        for k, v in cnf.items():
+            if callable(v):
+                v = self._register(v)
+            options = options + ('-'+k, v)
+        self.tk.call(('image', 'create', imgtype, name,) + options)
+        self.name = name
+    def __str__(self): return self.name
+    def __del__(self):
+        if self.name:
+            try:
+                self.tk.call('image', 'delete', self.name)
+            except TclError:
+                # May happen if the root was destroyed
+                pass
+    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
+        self.tk.call(self.name, 'configure', '-'+key, value)
+    def __getitem__(self, key):
+        return self.tk.call(self.name, 'configure', '-'+key)
+    def configure(self, **kw):
+        """Configure the image."""
+        res = ()
+        for k, v in _cnfmerge(kw).items():
+            if v is not None:
+                if k[-1] == '_': k = k[:-1]
+                if callable(v):
+                    v = self._register(v)
+                res = res + ('-'+k, v)
+        self.tk.call((self.name, 'config') + res)
+    config = configure
+    def height(self):
+        """Return the height of the image."""
+        return self.tk.getint(
+            self.tk.call('image', 'height', self.name))
+    def type(self):
+        """Return the type of the image, e.g. "photo" or "bitmap"."""
+        return self.tk.call('image', 'type', self.name)
+    def width(self):
+        """Return the width of the image."""
+        return self.tk.getint(
+            self.tk.call('image', 'width', self.name))
+
+class PhotoImage(Image):
+    """Widget which can display colored images in GIF, PPM/PGM format."""
+    def __init__(self, name=None, cnf={}, master=None, **kw):
+        """Create an image with NAME.
+
+        Valid resource names: data, format, file, gamma, height, palette,
+        width."""
+        Image.__init__(self, 'photo', name, cnf, master, **kw)
+    def blank(self):
+        """Display a transparent image."""
+        self.tk.call(self.name, 'blank')
+    def cget(self, option):
+        """Return the value of OPTION."""
+        return self.tk.call(self.name, 'cget', '-' + option)
+    # XXX config
+    def __getitem__(self, key):
+        return self.tk.call(self.name, 'cget', '-' + key)
+    # XXX copy -from, -to, ...?
+    def copy(self):
+        """Return a new PhotoImage with the same image as this widget."""
+        destImage = PhotoImage(master=self.tk)
+        self.tk.call(destImage, 'copy', self.name)
+        return destImage
+    def zoom(self, x, y=''):
+        """Return a new PhotoImage with the same image as this widget
+        but zoom it with a factor of x in the X direction and y in the Y
+        direction.  If y is not given, the default value is the same as x.
+        """
+        destImage = PhotoImage(master=self.tk)
+        if y=='': y=x
+        self.tk.call(destImage, 'copy', self.name, '-zoom',x,y)
+        return destImage
+    def subsample(self, x, y=''):
+        """Return a new PhotoImage based on the same image as this widget
+        but use only every Xth or Yth pixel.  If y is not given, the
+        default value is the same as x.
+        """
+        destImage = PhotoImage(master=self.tk)
+        if y=='': y=x
+        self.tk.call(destImage, 'copy', self.name, '-subsample',x,y)
+        return destImage
+    def get(self, x, y):
+        """Return the color (red, green, blue) of the pixel at X,Y."""
+        return self.tk.call(self.name, 'get', x, y)
+    def put(self, data, to=None):
+        """Put row formatted colors to image starting from
+        position TO, e.g. image.put("{red green} {blue yellow}", to=(4,6))"""
+        args = (self.name, 'put', data)
+        if to:
+            if to[0] == '-to':
+                to = to[1:]
+            args = args + ('-to',) + tuple(to)
+        self.tk.call(args)
+    # XXX read
+    def write(self, filename, format=None, from_coords=None):
+        """Write image to file FILENAME in FORMAT starting from
+        position FROM_COORDS."""
+        args = (self.name, 'write', filename)
+        if format:
+            args = args + ('-format', format)
+        if from_coords:
+            args = args + ('-from',) + tuple(from_coords)
+        self.tk.call(args)
+
+class BitmapImage(Image):
+    """Widget which can display a bitmap."""
+    def __init__(self, name=None, cnf={}, master=None, **kw):
+        """Create a bitmap with NAME.
+
+        Valid resource names: background, data, file, foreground, maskdata, maskfile."""
+        Image.__init__(self, 'bitmap', name, cnf, master, **kw)
+
+def image_names():
+    return _default_root.tk.splitlist(_default_root.tk.call('image', 'names'))
+
+def image_types():
+    return _default_root.tk.splitlist(_default_root.tk.call('image', 'types'))
+
+
+class Spinbox(Widget, XView):
+    """spinbox widget."""
+    def __init__(self, master=None, cnf={}, **kw):
+        """Construct a spinbox widget with the parent MASTER.
+
+        STANDARD OPTIONS
+
+            activebackground, background, borderwidth,
+            cursor, exportselection, font, foreground,
+            highlightbackground, highlightcolor,
+            highlightthickness, insertbackground,
+            insertborderwidth, insertofftime,
+            insertontime, insertwidth, justify, relief,
+            repeatdelay, repeatinterval,
+            selectbackground, selectborderwidth
+            selectforeground, takefocus, textvariable
+            xscrollcommand.
+
+        WIDGET-SPECIFIC OPTIONS
+
+            buttonbackground, buttoncursor,
+            buttondownrelief, buttonuprelief,
+            command, disabledbackground,
+            disabledforeground, format, from,
+            invalidcommand, increment,
+            readonlybackground, state, to,
+            validate, validatecommand values,
+            width, wrap,
+        """
+        Widget.__init__(self, master, 'spinbox', cnf, kw)
+
+    def bbox(self, index):
+        """Return a tuple of X1,Y1,X2,Y2 coordinates for a
+        rectangle which encloses the character given by index.
+
+        The first two elements of the list give the x and y
+        coordinates of the upper-left corner of the screen
+        area covered by the character (in pixels relative
+        to the widget) and the last two elements give the
+        width and height of the character, in pixels. The
+        bounding box may refer to a region outside the
+        visible area of the window.
+        """
+        return self._getints(self.tk.call(self._w, 'bbox', index)) or None
+
+    def delete(self, first, last=None):
+        """Delete one or more elements of the spinbox.
+
+        First is the index of the first character to delete,
+        and last is the index of the character just after
+        the last one to delete. If last isn't specified it
+        defaults to first+1, i.e. a single character is
+        deleted.  This command returns an empty string.
+        """
+        return self.tk.call(self._w, 'delete', first, last)
+
+    def get(self):
+        """Returns the spinbox's string"""
+        return self.tk.call(self._w, 'get')
+
+    def icursor(self, index):
+        """Alter the position of the insertion cursor.
+
+        The insertion cursor will be displayed just before
+        the character given by index. Returns an empty string
+        """
+        return self.tk.call(self._w, 'icursor', index)
+
+    def identify(self, x, y):
+        """Returns the name of the widget at position x, y
+
+        Return value is one of: none, buttondown, buttonup, entry
+        """
+        return self.tk.call(self._w, 'identify', x, y)
+
+    def index(self, index):
+        """Returns the numerical index corresponding to index
+        """
+        return self.tk.call(self._w, 'index', index)
+
+    def insert(self, index, s):
+        """Insert string s at index
+
+         Returns an empty string.
+        """
+        return self.tk.call(self._w, 'insert', index, s)
+
+    def invoke(self, element):
+        """Causes the specified element to be invoked
+
+        The element could be buttondown or buttonup
+        triggering the action associated with it.
+        """
+        return self.tk.call(self._w, 'invoke', element)
+
+    def scan(self, *args):
+        """Internal function."""
+        return self._getints(
+            self.tk.call((self._w, 'scan') + args)) or ()
+
+    def scan_mark(self, x):
+        """Records x and the current view in the spinbox window;
+
+        used in conjunction with later scan dragto commands.
+        Typically this command is associated with a mouse button
+        press in the widget. It returns an empty string.
+        """
+        return self.scan("mark", x)
+
+    def scan_dragto(self, x):
+        """Compute the difference between the given x argument
+        and the x argument to the last scan mark command
+
+        It then adjusts the view left or right by 10 times the
+        difference in x-coordinates. This command is typically
+        associated with mouse motion events in the widget, to
+        produce the effect of dragging the spinbox at high speed
+        through the window. The return value is an empty string.
+        """
+        return self.scan("dragto", x)
+
+    def selection(self, *args):
+        """Internal function."""
+        return self._getints(
+            self.tk.call((self._w, 'selection') + args)) or ()
+
+    def selection_adjust(self, index):
+        """Locate the end of the selection nearest to the character
+        given by index,
+
+        Then adjust that end of the selection to be at index
+        (i.e including but not going beyond index). The other
+        end of the selection is made the anchor point for future
+        select to commands. If the selection isn't currently in
+        the spinbox, then a new selection is created to include
+        the characters between index and the most recent selection
+        anchor point, inclusive. Returns an empty string.
+        """
+        return self.selection("adjust", index)
+
+    def selection_clear(self):
+        """Clear the selection
+
+        If the selection isn't in this widget then the
+        command has no effect. Returns an empty string.
+        """
+        return self.selection("clear")
+
+    def selection_element(self, element=None):
+        """Sets or gets the currently selected element.
+
+        If a spinbutton element is specified, it will be
+        displayed depressed
+        """
+        return self.selection("element", element)
+
+###########################################################################
+
+class LabelFrame(Widget):
+    """labelframe widget."""
+    def __init__(self, master=None, cnf={}, **kw):
+        """Construct a labelframe widget with the parent MASTER.
+
+        STANDARD OPTIONS
+
+            borderwidth, cursor, font, foreground,
+            highlightbackground, highlightcolor,
+            highlightthickness, padx, pady, relief,
+            takefocus, text
+
+        WIDGET-SPECIFIC OPTIONS
+
+            background, class, colormap, container,
+            height, labelanchor, labelwidget,
+            visual, width
+        """
+        Widget.__init__(self, master, 'labelframe', cnf, kw)
+
+########################################################################
+
+class PanedWindow(Widget):
+    """panedwindow widget."""
+    def __init__(self, master=None, cnf={}, **kw):
+        """Construct a panedwindow widget with the parent MASTER.
+
+        STANDARD OPTIONS
+
+            background, borderwidth, cursor, height,
+            orient, relief, width
+
+        WIDGET-SPECIFIC OPTIONS
+
+            handlepad, handlesize, opaqueresize,
+            sashcursor, sashpad, sashrelief,
+            sashwidth, showhandle,
+        """
+        Widget.__init__(self, master, 'panedwindow', cnf, kw)
+
+    def add(self, child, **kw):
+        """Add a child widget to the panedwindow in a new pane.
+
+        The child argument is the name of the child widget
+        followed by pairs of arguments that specify how to
+        manage the windows. The possible options and values
+        are the ones accepted by the paneconfigure method.
+        """
+        self.tk.call((self._w, 'add', child) + self._options(kw))
+
+    def remove(self, child):
+        """Remove the pane containing child from the panedwindow
+
+        All geometry management options for child will be forgotten.
+        """
+        self.tk.call(self._w, 'forget', child)
+    forget=remove
+
+    def identify(self, x, y):
+        """Identify the panedwindow component at point x, y
+
+        If the point is over a sash or a sash handle, the result
+        is a two element list containing the index of the sash or
+        handle, and a word indicating whether it is over a sash
+        or a handle, such as {0 sash} or {2 handle}. If the point
+        is over any other part of the panedwindow, the result is
+        an empty list.
+        """
+        return self.tk.call(self._w, 'identify', x, y)
+
+    def proxy(self, *args):
+        """Internal function."""
+        return self._getints(
+            self.tk.call((self._w, 'proxy') + args)) or ()
+
+    def proxy_coord(self):
+        """Return the x and y pair of the most recent proxy location
+        """
+        return self.proxy("coord")
+
+    def proxy_forget(self):
+        """Remove the proxy from the display.
+        """
+        return self.proxy("forget")
+
+    def proxy_place(self, x, y):
+        """Place the proxy at the given x and y coordinates.
+        """
+        return self.proxy("place", x, y)
+
+    def sash(self, *args):
+        """Internal function."""
+        return self._getints(
+            self.tk.call((self._w, 'sash') + args)) or ()
+
+    def sash_coord(self, index):
+        """Return the current x and y pair for the sash given by index.
+
+        Index must be an integer between 0 and 1 less than the
+        number of panes in the panedwindow. The coordinates given are
+        those of the top left corner of the region containing the sash.
+        pathName sash dragto index x y This command computes the
+        difference between the given coordinates and the coordinates
+        given to the last sash coord command for the given sash. It then
+        moves that sash the computed difference. The return value is the
+        empty string.
+        """
+        return self.sash("coord", index)
+
+    def sash_mark(self, index):
+        """Records x and y for the sash given by index;
+
+        Used in conjunction with later dragto commands to move the sash.
+        """
+        return self.sash("mark", index)
+
+    def sash_place(self, index, x, y):
+        """Place the sash given by index at the given coordinates
+        """
+        return self.sash("place", index, x, y)
+
+    def panecget(self, child, option):
+        """Query a management option for window.
+
+        Option may be any value allowed by the paneconfigure subcommand
+        """
+        return self.tk.call(
+            (self._w, 'panecget') + (child, '-'+option))
+
+    def paneconfigure(self, tagOrId, cnf=None, **kw):
+        """Query or modify the management options for window.
+
+        If no option is specified, returns a list describing all
+        of the available options for pathName.  If option is
+        specified with no value, then the command returns a list
+        describing the one named option (this list will be identical
+        to the corresponding sublist of the value returned if no
+        option is specified). If one or more option-value pairs are
+        specified, then the command modifies the given widget
+        option(s) to have the given value(s); in this case the
+        command returns an empty string. The following options
+        are supported:
+
+        after window
+            Insert the window after the window specified. window
+            should be the name of a window already managed by pathName.
+        before window
+            Insert the window before the window specified. window
+            should be the name of a window already managed by pathName.
+        height size
+            Specify a height for the window. The height will be the
+            outer dimension of the window including its border, if
+            any. If size is an empty string, or if -height is not
+            specified, then the height requested internally by the
+            window will be used initially; the height may later be
+            adjusted by the movement of sashes in the panedwindow.
+            Size may be any value accepted by Tk_GetPixels.
+        minsize n
+            Specifies that the size of the window cannot be made
+            less than n. This constraint only affects the size of
+            the widget in the paned dimension -- the x dimension
+            for horizontal panedwindows, the y dimension for
+            vertical panedwindows. May be any value accepted by
+            Tk_GetPixels.
+        padx n
+            Specifies a non-negative value indicating how much
+            extra space to leave on each side of the window in
+            the X-direction. The value may have any of the forms
+            accepted by Tk_GetPixels.
+        pady n
+            Specifies a non-negative value indicating how much
+            extra space to leave on each side of the window in
+            the Y-direction. The value may have any of the forms
+            accepted by Tk_GetPixels.
+        sticky style
+            If a window's pane is larger than the requested
+            dimensions of the window, this option may be used
+            to position (or stretch) the window within its pane.
+            Style is a string that contains zero or more of the
+            characters n, s, e or w. The string can optionally
+            contains spaces or commas, but they are ignored. Each
+            letter refers to a side (north, south, east, or west)
+            that the window will "stick" to. If both n and s
+            (or e and w) are specified, the window will be
+            stretched to fill the entire height (or width) of
+            its cavity.
+        width size
+            Specify a width for the window. The width will be
+            the outer dimension of the window including its
+            border, if any. If size is an empty string, or
+            if -width is not specified, then the width requested
+            internally by the window will be used initially; the
+            width may later be adjusted by the movement of sashes
+            in the panedwindow. Size may be any value accepted by
+            Tk_GetPixels.
+
+        """
+        if cnf is None and not kw:
+            return self._getconfigure(self._w, 'paneconfigure', tagOrId)
+        if isinstance(cnf, str) and not kw:
+            return self._getconfigure1(
+                self._w, 'paneconfigure', tagOrId, '-'+cnf)
+        self.tk.call((self._w, 'paneconfigure', tagOrId) +
+                 self._options(cnf, kw))
+    paneconfig = paneconfigure
+
+    def panes(self):
+        """Returns an ordered list of the child panes."""
+        return self.tk.splitlist(self.tk.call(self._w, 'panes'))
+
+# Test:
+
+def _test():
+    root = Tk()
+    text = "This is Tcl/Tk version %s" % TclVersion
+    text += "\nThis should be a cedilla: \xe7"
+    label = Label(root, text=text)
+    label.pack()
+    test = Button(root, text="Click me!",
+              command=lambda root=root: root.test.configure(
+                  text="[%s]" % root.test['text']))
+    test.pack()
+    root.test = test
+    quit = Button(root, text="QUIT", command=root.destroy)
+    quit.pack()
+    # The following three commands are needed so the window pops
+    # up on top on Windows...
+    root.iconify()
+    root.update()
+    root.deiconify()
+    root.mainloop()
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    _test()