com.googler.python 1.1.4 → 1.1.5

package/python3.6.2/lib/python3.6/test/datetimetester.py

@@ -0,0 +1,4929 @@
+"""Test date/time type.
+
+See http://www.zope.org/Members/fdrake/DateTimeWiki/TestCases
+"""
+from test.support import is_resource_enabled
+
+import itertools
+import bisect
+
+import copy
+import decimal
+import sys
+import os
+import pickle
+import random
+import struct
+import unittest
+
+from array import array
+
+from operator import lt, le, gt, ge, eq, ne, truediv, floordiv, mod
+
+from test import support
+
+import datetime as datetime_module
+from datetime import MINYEAR, MAXYEAR
+from datetime import timedelta
+from datetime import tzinfo
+from datetime import time
+from datetime import timezone
+from datetime import date, datetime
+import time as _time
+
+# Needed by test_datetime
+import _strptime
+#
+
+
+pickle_choices = [(pickle, pickle, proto)
+                  for proto in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1)]
+assert len(pickle_choices) == pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1
+
+# An arbitrary collection of objects of non-datetime types, for testing
+# mixed-type comparisons.
+OTHERSTUFF = (10, 34.5, "abc", {}, [], ())
+
+
+# XXX Copied from test_float.
+INF = float("inf")
+NAN = float("nan")
+
+
+#############################################################################
+# module tests
+
+class TestModule(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def test_constants(self):
+        datetime = datetime_module
+        self.assertEqual(datetime.MINYEAR, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(datetime.MAXYEAR, 9999)
+
+    def test_name_cleanup(self):
+        if '_Pure' in self.__class__.__name__:
+            self.skipTest('Only run for Fast C implementation')
+
+        datetime = datetime_module
+        names = set(name for name in dir(datetime)
+                    if not name.startswith('__') and not name.endswith('__'))
+        allowed = set(['MAXYEAR', 'MINYEAR', 'date', 'datetime',
+                       'datetime_CAPI', 'time', 'timedelta', 'timezone',
+                       'tzinfo'])
+        self.assertEqual(names - allowed, set([]))
+
+    def test_divide_and_round(self):
+        if '_Fast' in self.__class__.__name__:
+            self.skipTest('Only run for Pure Python implementation')
+
+        dar = datetime_module._divide_and_round
+
+        self.assertEqual(dar(-10, -3), 3)
+        self.assertEqual(dar(5, -2), -2)
+
+        # four cases: (2 signs of a) x (2 signs of b)
+        self.assertEqual(dar(7, 3), 2)
+        self.assertEqual(dar(-7, 3), -2)
+        self.assertEqual(dar(7, -3), -2)
+        self.assertEqual(dar(-7, -3), 2)
+
+        # ties to even - eight cases:
+        # (2 signs of a) x (2 signs of b) x (even / odd quotient)
+        self.assertEqual(dar(10, 4), 2)
+        self.assertEqual(dar(-10, 4), -2)
+        self.assertEqual(dar(10, -4), -2)
+        self.assertEqual(dar(-10, -4), 2)
+
+        self.assertEqual(dar(6, 4), 2)
+        self.assertEqual(dar(-6, 4), -2)
+        self.assertEqual(dar(6, -4), -2)
+        self.assertEqual(dar(-6, -4), 2)
+
+
+#############################################################################
+# tzinfo tests
+
+class FixedOffset(tzinfo):
+
+    def __init__(self, offset, name, dstoffset=42):
+        if isinstance(offset, int):
+            offset = timedelta(minutes=offset)
+        if isinstance(dstoffset, int):
+            dstoffset = timedelta(minutes=dstoffset)
+        self.__offset = offset
+        self.__name = name
+        self.__dstoffset = dstoffset
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return self.__name.lower()
+    def utcoffset(self, dt):
+        return self.__offset
+    def tzname(self, dt):
+        return self.__name
+    def dst(self, dt):
+        return self.__dstoffset
+
+class PicklableFixedOffset(FixedOffset):
+
+    def __init__(self, offset=None, name=None, dstoffset=None):
+        FixedOffset.__init__(self, offset, name, dstoffset)
+
+    def __getstate__(self):
+        return self.__dict__
+
+class _TZInfo(tzinfo):
+    def utcoffset(self, datetime_module):
+        return random.random()
+
+class TestTZInfo(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def test_refcnt_crash_bug_22044(self):
+        tz1 = _TZInfo()
+        dt1 = datetime(2014, 7, 21, 11, 32, 3, 0, tz1)
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            dt1.utcoffset()
+
+    def test_non_abstractness(self):
+        # In order to allow subclasses to get pickled, the C implementation
+        # wasn't able to get away with having __init__ raise
+        # NotImplementedError.
+        useless = tzinfo()
+        dt = datetime.max
+        self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError, useless.tzname, dt)
+        self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError, useless.utcoffset, dt)
+        self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError, useless.dst, dt)
+
+    def test_subclass_must_override(self):
+        class NotEnough(tzinfo):
+            def __init__(self, offset, name):
+                self.__offset = offset
+                self.__name = name
+        self.assertTrue(issubclass(NotEnough, tzinfo))
+        ne = NotEnough(3, "NotByALongShot")
+        self.assertIsInstance(ne, tzinfo)
+
+        dt = datetime.now()
+        self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError, ne.tzname, dt)
+        self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError, ne.utcoffset, dt)
+        self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError, ne.dst, dt)
+
+    def test_normal(self):
+        fo = FixedOffset(3, "Three")
+        self.assertIsInstance(fo, tzinfo)
+        for dt in datetime.now(), None:
+            self.assertEqual(fo.utcoffset(dt), timedelta(minutes=3))
+            self.assertEqual(fo.tzname(dt), "Three")
+            self.assertEqual(fo.dst(dt), timedelta(minutes=42))
+
+    def test_pickling_base(self):
+        # There's no point to pickling tzinfo objects on their own (they
+        # carry no data), but they need to be picklable anyway else
+        # concrete subclasses can't be pickled.
+        orig = tzinfo.__new__(tzinfo)
+        self.assertIs(type(orig), tzinfo)
+        for pickler, unpickler, proto in pickle_choices:
+            green = pickler.dumps(orig, proto)
+            derived = unpickler.loads(green)
+            self.assertIs(type(derived), tzinfo)
+
+    def test_pickling_subclass(self):
+        # Make sure we can pickle/unpickle an instance of a subclass.
+        offset = timedelta(minutes=-300)
+        for otype, args in [
+            (PicklableFixedOffset, (offset, 'cookie')),
+            (timezone, (offset,)),
+            (timezone, (offset, "EST"))]:
+            orig = otype(*args)
+            oname = orig.tzname(None)
+            self.assertIsInstance(orig, tzinfo)
+            self.assertIs(type(orig), otype)
+            self.assertEqual(orig.utcoffset(None), offset)
+            self.assertEqual(orig.tzname(None), oname)
+            for pickler, unpickler, proto in pickle_choices:
+                green = pickler.dumps(orig, proto)
+                derived = unpickler.loads(green)
+                self.assertIsInstance(derived, tzinfo)
+                self.assertIs(type(derived), otype)
+                self.assertEqual(derived.utcoffset(None), offset)
+                self.assertEqual(derived.tzname(None), oname)
+
+    def test_issue23600(self):
+        DSTDIFF = DSTOFFSET = timedelta(hours=1)
+
+        class UKSummerTime(tzinfo):
+            """Simple time zone which pretends to always be in summer time, since
+                that's what shows the failure.
+            """
+
+            def utcoffset(self, dt):
+                return DSTOFFSET
+
+            def dst(self, dt):
+                return DSTDIFF
+
+            def tzname(self, dt):
+                return 'UKSummerTime'
+
+        tz = UKSummerTime()
+        u = datetime(2014, 4, 26, 12, 1, tzinfo=tz)
+        t = tz.fromutc(u)
+        self.assertEqual(t - t.utcoffset(), u)
+
+
+class TestTimeZone(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.ACDT = timezone(timedelta(hours=9.5), 'ACDT')
+        self.EST = timezone(-timedelta(hours=5), 'EST')
+        self.DT = datetime(2010, 1, 1)
+
+    def test_str(self):
+        for tz in [self.ACDT, self.EST, timezone.utc,
+                   timezone.min, timezone.max]:
+            self.assertEqual(str(tz), tz.tzname(None))
+
+    def test_repr(self):
+        datetime = datetime_module
+        for tz in [self.ACDT, self.EST, timezone.utc,
+                   timezone.min, timezone.max]:
+            # test round-trip
+            tzrep = repr(tz)
+            self.assertEqual(tz, eval(tzrep))
+
+    def test_class_members(self):
+        limit = timedelta(hours=23, minutes=59)
+        self.assertEqual(timezone.utc.utcoffset(None), ZERO)
+        self.assertEqual(timezone.min.utcoffset(None), -limit)
+        self.assertEqual(timezone.max.utcoffset(None), limit)
+
+
+    def test_constructor(self):
+        self.assertIs(timezone.utc, timezone(timedelta(0)))
+        self.assertIsNot(timezone.utc, timezone(timedelta(0), 'UTC'))
+        self.assertEqual(timezone.utc, timezone(timedelta(0), 'UTC'))
+        # invalid offsets
+        for invalid in [timedelta(microseconds=1), timedelta(1, 1),
+                        timedelta(seconds=1), timedelta(1), -timedelta(1)]:
+            self.assertRaises(ValueError, timezone, invalid)
+            self.assertRaises(ValueError, timezone, -invalid)
+
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError): timezone(None)
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError): timezone(42)
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError): timezone(ZERO, None)
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError): timezone(ZERO, 42)
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError): timezone(ZERO, 'ABC', 'extra')
+
+    def test_inheritance(self):
+        self.assertIsInstance(timezone.utc, tzinfo)
+        self.assertIsInstance(self.EST, tzinfo)
+
+    def test_utcoffset(self):
+        dummy = self.DT
+        for h in [0, 1.5, 12]:
+            offset = h * HOUR
+            self.assertEqual(offset, timezone(offset).utcoffset(dummy))
+            self.assertEqual(-offset, timezone(-offset).utcoffset(dummy))
+
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError): self.EST.utcoffset('')
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError): self.EST.utcoffset(5)
+
+
+    def test_dst(self):
+        self.assertIsNone(timezone.utc.dst(self.DT))
+
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError): self.EST.dst('')
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError): self.EST.dst(5)
+
+    def test_tzname(self):
+        self.assertEqual('UTC', timezone.utc.tzname(None))
+        self.assertEqual('UTC', timezone(ZERO).tzname(None))
+        self.assertEqual('UTC-05:00', timezone(-5 * HOUR).tzname(None))
+        self.assertEqual('UTC+09:30', timezone(9.5 * HOUR).tzname(None))
+        self.assertEqual('UTC-00:01', timezone(timedelta(minutes=-1)).tzname(None))
+        self.assertEqual('XYZ', timezone(-5 * HOUR, 'XYZ').tzname(None))
+
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError): self.EST.tzname('')
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError): self.EST.tzname(5)
+
+    def test_fromutc(self):
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            timezone.utc.fromutc(self.DT)
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            timezone.utc.fromutc('not datetime')
+        for tz in [self.EST, self.ACDT, Eastern]:
+            utctime = self.DT.replace(tzinfo=tz)
+            local = tz.fromutc(utctime)
+            self.assertEqual(local - utctime, tz.utcoffset(local))
+            self.assertEqual(local,
+                             self.DT.replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc))
+
+    def test_comparison(self):
+        self.assertNotEqual(timezone(ZERO), timezone(HOUR))
+        self.assertEqual(timezone(HOUR), timezone(HOUR))
+        self.assertEqual(timezone(-5 * HOUR), timezone(-5 * HOUR, 'EST'))
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError): timezone(ZERO) < timezone(ZERO)
+        self.assertIn(timezone(ZERO), {timezone(ZERO)})
+        self.assertTrue(timezone(ZERO) != None)
+        self.assertFalse(timezone(ZERO) ==  None)
+
+    def test_aware_datetime(self):
+        # test that timezone instances can be used by datetime
+        t = datetime(1, 1, 1)
+        for tz in [timezone.min, timezone.max, timezone.utc]:
+            self.assertEqual(tz.tzname(t),
+                             t.replace(tzinfo=tz).tzname())
+            self.assertEqual(tz.utcoffset(t),
+                             t.replace(tzinfo=tz).utcoffset())
+            self.assertEqual(tz.dst(t),
+                             t.replace(tzinfo=tz).dst())
+
+    def test_pickle(self):
+        for tz in self.ACDT, self.EST, timezone.min, timezone.max:
+            for pickler, unpickler, proto in pickle_choices:
+                tz_copy = unpickler.loads(pickler.dumps(tz, proto))
+                self.assertEqual(tz_copy, tz)
+        tz = timezone.utc
+        for pickler, unpickler, proto in pickle_choices:
+            tz_copy = unpickler.loads(pickler.dumps(tz, proto))
+            self.assertIs(tz_copy, tz)
+
+    def test_copy(self):
+        for tz in self.ACDT, self.EST, timezone.min, timezone.max:
+            tz_copy = copy.copy(tz)
+            self.assertEqual(tz_copy, tz)
+        tz = timezone.utc
+        tz_copy = copy.copy(tz)
+        self.assertIs(tz_copy, tz)
+
+    def test_deepcopy(self):
+        for tz in self.ACDT, self.EST, timezone.min, timezone.max:
+            tz_copy = copy.deepcopy(tz)
+            self.assertEqual(tz_copy, tz)
+        tz = timezone.utc
+        tz_copy = copy.deepcopy(tz)
+        self.assertIs(tz_copy, tz)
+
+
+#############################################################################
+# Base class for testing a particular aspect of timedelta, time, date and
+# datetime comparisons.
+
+class HarmlessMixedComparison:
+    # Test that __eq__ and __ne__ don't complain for mixed-type comparisons.
+
+    # Subclasses must define 'theclass', and theclass(1, 1, 1) must be a
+    # legit constructor.
+
+    def test_harmless_mixed_comparison(self):
+        me = self.theclass(1, 1, 1)
+
+        self.assertFalse(me == ())
+        self.assertTrue(me != ())
+        self.assertFalse(() == me)
+        self.assertTrue(() != me)
+
+        self.assertIn(me, [1, 20, [], me])
+        self.assertIn([], [me, 1, 20, []])
+
+    def test_harmful_mixed_comparison(self):
+        me = self.theclass(1, 1, 1)
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: me < ())
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: me <= ())
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: me > ())
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: me >= ())
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: () < me)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: () <= me)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: () > me)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: () >= me)
+
+#############################################################################
+# timedelta tests
+
+class TestTimeDelta(HarmlessMixedComparison, unittest.TestCase):
+
+    theclass = timedelta
+
+    def test_constructor(self):
+        eq = self.assertEqual
+        td = timedelta
+
+        # Check keyword args to constructor
+        eq(td(), td(weeks=0, days=0, hours=0, minutes=0, seconds=0,
+                    milliseconds=0, microseconds=0))
+        eq(td(1), td(days=1))
+        eq(td(0, 1), td(seconds=1))
+        eq(td(0, 0, 1), td(microseconds=1))
+        eq(td(weeks=1), td(days=7))
+        eq(td(days=1), td(hours=24))
+        eq(td(hours=1), td(minutes=60))
+        eq(td(minutes=1), td(seconds=60))
+        eq(td(seconds=1), td(milliseconds=1000))
+        eq(td(milliseconds=1), td(microseconds=1000))
+
+        # Check float args to constructor
+        eq(td(weeks=1.0/7), td(days=1))
+        eq(td(days=1.0/24), td(hours=1))
+        eq(td(hours=1.0/60), td(minutes=1))
+        eq(td(minutes=1.0/60), td(seconds=1))
+        eq(td(seconds=0.001), td(milliseconds=1))
+        eq(td(milliseconds=0.001), td(microseconds=1))
+
+    def test_computations(self):
+        eq = self.assertEqual
+        td = timedelta
+
+        a = td(7) # One week
+        b = td(0, 60) # One minute
+        c = td(0, 0, 1000) # One millisecond
+        eq(a+b+c, td(7, 60, 1000))
+        eq(a-b, td(6, 24*3600 - 60))
+        eq(b.__rsub__(a), td(6, 24*3600 - 60))
+        eq(-a, td(-7))
+        eq(+a, td(7))
+        eq(-b, td(-1, 24*3600 - 60))
+        eq(-c, td(-1, 24*3600 - 1, 999000))
+        eq(abs(a), a)
+        eq(abs(-a), a)
+        eq(td(6, 24*3600), a)
+        eq(td(0, 0, 60*1000000), b)
+        eq(a*10, td(70))
+        eq(a*10, 10*a)
+        eq(a*10, 10*a)
+        eq(b*10, td(0, 600))
+        eq(10*b, td(0, 600))
+        eq(b*10, td(0, 600))
+        eq(c*10, td(0, 0, 10000))
+        eq(10*c, td(0, 0, 10000))
+        eq(c*10, td(0, 0, 10000))
+        eq(a*-1, -a)
+        eq(b*-2, -b-b)
+        eq(c*-2, -c+-c)
+        eq(b*(60*24), (b*60)*24)
+        eq(b*(60*24), (60*b)*24)
+        eq(c*1000, td(0, 1))
+        eq(1000*c, td(0, 1))
+        eq(a//7, td(1))
+        eq(b//10, td(0, 6))
+        eq(c//1000, td(0, 0, 1))
+        eq(a//10, td(0, 7*24*360))
+        eq(a//3600000, td(0, 0, 7*24*1000))
+        eq(a/0.5, td(14))
+        eq(b/0.5, td(0, 120))
+        eq(a/7, td(1))
+        eq(b/10, td(0, 6))
+        eq(c/1000, td(0, 0, 1))
+        eq(a/10, td(0, 7*24*360))
+        eq(a/3600000, td(0, 0, 7*24*1000))
+
+        # Multiplication by float
+        us = td(microseconds=1)
+        eq((3*us) * 0.5, 2*us)
+        eq((5*us) * 0.5, 2*us)
+        eq(0.5 * (3*us), 2*us)
+        eq(0.5 * (5*us), 2*us)
+        eq((-3*us) * 0.5, -2*us)
+        eq((-5*us) * 0.5, -2*us)
+
+        # Issue #23521
+        eq(td(seconds=1) * 0.123456, td(microseconds=123456))
+        eq(td(seconds=1) * 0.6112295, td(microseconds=611229))
+
+        # Division by int and float
+        eq((3*us) / 2, 2*us)
+        eq((5*us) / 2, 2*us)
+        eq((-3*us) / 2.0, -2*us)
+        eq((-5*us) / 2.0, -2*us)
+        eq((3*us) / -2, -2*us)
+        eq((5*us) / -2, -2*us)
+        eq((3*us) / -2.0, -2*us)
+        eq((5*us) / -2.0, -2*us)
+        for i in range(-10, 10):
+            eq((i*us/3)//us, round(i/3))
+        for i in range(-10, 10):
+            eq((i*us/-3)//us, round(i/-3))
+
+        # Issue #23521
+        eq(td(seconds=1) / (1 / 0.6112295), td(microseconds=611229))
+
+        # Issue #11576
+        eq(td(999999999, 86399, 999999) - td(999999999, 86399, 999998),
+           td(0, 0, 1))
+        eq(td(999999999, 1, 1) - td(999999999, 1, 0),
+           td(0, 0, 1))
+
+    def test_disallowed_computations(self):
+        a = timedelta(42)
+
+        # Add/sub ints or floats should be illegal
+        for i in 1, 1.0:
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: a+i)
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: a-i)
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: i+a)
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: i-a)
+
+        # Division of int by timedelta doesn't make sense.
+        # Division by zero doesn't make sense.
+        zero = 0
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: zero // a)
+        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, lambda: a // zero)
+        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, lambda: a / zero)
+        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, lambda: a / 0.0)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: a / '')
+
+    @support.requires_IEEE_754
+    def test_disallowed_special(self):
+        a = timedelta(42)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, a.__mul__, NAN)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, a.__truediv__, NAN)
+
+    def test_basic_attributes(self):
+        days, seconds, us = 1, 7, 31
+        td = timedelta(days, seconds, us)
+        self.assertEqual(td.days, days)
+        self.assertEqual(td.seconds, seconds)
+        self.assertEqual(td.microseconds, us)
+
+    def test_total_seconds(self):
+        td = timedelta(days=365)
+        self.assertEqual(td.total_seconds(), 31536000.0)
+        for total_seconds in [123456.789012, -123456.789012, 0.123456, 0, 1e6]:
+            td = timedelta(seconds=total_seconds)
+            self.assertEqual(td.total_seconds(), total_seconds)
+        # Issue8644: Test that td.total_seconds() has the same
+        # accuracy as td / timedelta(seconds=1).
+        for ms in [-1, -2, -123]:
+            td = timedelta(microseconds=ms)
+            self.assertEqual(td.total_seconds(), td / timedelta(seconds=1))
+
+    def test_carries(self):
+        t1 = timedelta(days=100,
+                       weeks=-7,
+                       hours=-24*(100-49),
+                       minutes=-3,
+                       seconds=12,
+                       microseconds=(3*60 - 12) * 1e6 + 1)
+        t2 = timedelta(microseconds=1)
+        self.assertEqual(t1, t2)
+
+    def test_hash_equality(self):
+        t1 = timedelta(days=100,
+                       weeks=-7,
+                       hours=-24*(100-49),
+                       minutes=-3,
+                       seconds=12,
+                       microseconds=(3*60 - 12) * 1000000)
+        t2 = timedelta()
+        self.assertEqual(hash(t1), hash(t2))
+
+        t1 += timedelta(weeks=7)
+        t2 += timedelta(days=7*7)
+        self.assertEqual(t1, t2)
+        self.assertEqual(hash(t1), hash(t2))
+
+        d = {t1: 1}
+        d[t2] = 2
+        self.assertEqual(len(d), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(d[t1], 2)
+
+    def test_pickling(self):
+        args = 12, 34, 56
+        orig = timedelta(*args)
+        for pickler, unpickler, proto in pickle_choices:
+            green = pickler.dumps(orig, proto)
+            derived = unpickler.loads(green)
+            self.assertEqual(orig, derived)
+
+    def test_compare(self):
+        t1 = timedelta(2, 3, 4)
+        t2 = timedelta(2, 3, 4)
+        self.assertEqual(t1, t2)
+        self.assertTrue(t1 <= t2)
+        self.assertTrue(t1 >= t2)
+        self.assertFalse(t1 != t2)
+        self.assertFalse(t1 < t2)
+        self.assertFalse(t1 > t2)
+
+        for args in (3, 3, 3), (2, 4, 4), (2, 3, 5):
+            t2 = timedelta(*args)   # this is larger than t1
+            self.assertTrue(t1 < t2)
+            self.assertTrue(t2 > t1)
+            self.assertTrue(t1 <= t2)
+            self.assertTrue(t2 >= t1)
+            self.assertTrue(t1 != t2)
+            self.assertTrue(t2 != t1)
+            self.assertFalse(t1 == t2)
+            self.assertFalse(t2 == t1)
+            self.assertFalse(t1 > t2)
+            self.assertFalse(t2 < t1)
+            self.assertFalse(t1 >= t2)
+            self.assertFalse(t2 <= t1)
+
+        for badarg in OTHERSTUFF:
+            self.assertEqual(t1 == badarg, False)
+            self.assertEqual(t1 != badarg, True)
+            self.assertEqual(badarg == t1, False)
+            self.assertEqual(badarg != t1, True)
+
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: t1 <= badarg)
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: t1 < badarg)
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: t1 > badarg)
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: t1 >= badarg)
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: badarg <= t1)
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: badarg < t1)
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: badarg > t1)
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: badarg >= t1)
+
+    def test_str(self):
+        td = timedelta
+        eq = self.assertEqual
+
+        eq(str(td(1)), "1 day, 0:00:00")
+        eq(str(td(-1)), "-1 day, 0:00:00")
+        eq(str(td(2)), "2 days, 0:00:00")
+        eq(str(td(-2)), "-2 days, 0:00:00")
+
+        eq(str(td(hours=12, minutes=58, seconds=59)), "12:58:59")
+        eq(str(td(hours=2, minutes=3, seconds=4)), "2:03:04")
+        eq(str(td(weeks=-30, hours=23, minutes=12, seconds=34)),
+           "-210 days, 23:12:34")
+
+        eq(str(td(milliseconds=1)), "0:00:00.001000")
+        eq(str(td(microseconds=3)), "0:00:00.000003")
+
+        eq(str(td(days=999999999, hours=23, minutes=59, seconds=59,
+                   microseconds=999999)),
+           "999999999 days, 23:59:59.999999")
+
+    def test_repr(self):
+        name = 'datetime.' + self.theclass.__name__
+        self.assertEqual(repr(self.theclass(1)),
+                         "%s(1)" % name)
+        self.assertEqual(repr(self.theclass(10, 2)),
+                         "%s(10, 2)" % name)
+        self.assertEqual(repr(self.theclass(-10, 2, 400000)),
+                         "%s(-10, 2, 400000)" % name)
+
+    def test_roundtrip(self):
+        for td in (timedelta(days=999999999, hours=23, minutes=59,
+                             seconds=59, microseconds=999999),
+                   timedelta(days=-999999999),
+                   timedelta(days=-999999999, seconds=1),
+                   timedelta(days=1, seconds=2, microseconds=3)):
+
+            # Verify td -> string -> td identity.
+            s = repr(td)
+            self.assertTrue(s.startswith('datetime.'))
+            s = s[9:]
+            td2 = eval(s)
+            self.assertEqual(td, td2)
+
+            # Verify identity via reconstructing from pieces.
+            td2 = timedelta(td.days, td.seconds, td.microseconds)
+            self.assertEqual(td, td2)
+
+    def test_resolution_info(self):
+        self.assertIsInstance(timedelta.min, timedelta)
+        self.assertIsInstance(timedelta.max, timedelta)
+        self.assertIsInstance(timedelta.resolution, timedelta)
+        self.assertTrue(timedelta.max > timedelta.min)
+        self.assertEqual(timedelta.min, timedelta(-999999999))
+        self.assertEqual(timedelta.max, timedelta(999999999, 24*3600-1, 1e6-1))
+        self.assertEqual(timedelta.resolution, timedelta(0, 0, 1))
+
+    def test_overflow(self):
+        tiny = timedelta.resolution
+
+        td = timedelta.min + tiny
+        td -= tiny  # no problem
+        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, td.__sub__, tiny)
+        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, td.__add__, -tiny)
+
+        td = timedelta.max - tiny
+        td += tiny  # no problem
+        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, td.__add__, tiny)
+        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, td.__sub__, -tiny)
+
+        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, lambda: -timedelta.max)
+
+        day = timedelta(1)
+        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, day.__mul__, 10**9)
+        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, day.__mul__, 1e9)
+        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, day.__truediv__, 1e-20)
+        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, day.__truediv__, 1e-10)
+        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, day.__truediv__, 9e-10)
+
+    @support.requires_IEEE_754
+    def _test_overflow_special(self):
+        day = timedelta(1)
+        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, day.__mul__, INF)
+        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, day.__mul__, -INF)
+
+    def test_microsecond_rounding(self):
+        td = timedelta
+        eq = self.assertEqual
+
+        # Single-field rounding.
+        eq(td(milliseconds=0.4/1000), td(0))    # rounds to 0
+        eq(td(milliseconds=-0.4/1000), td(0))    # rounds to 0
+        eq(td(milliseconds=0.5/1000), td(microseconds=0))
+        eq(td(milliseconds=-0.5/1000), td(microseconds=-0))
+        eq(td(milliseconds=0.6/1000), td(microseconds=1))
+        eq(td(milliseconds=-0.6/1000), td(microseconds=-1))
+        eq(td(milliseconds=1.5/1000), td(microseconds=2))
+        eq(td(milliseconds=-1.5/1000), td(microseconds=-2))
+        eq(td(seconds=0.5/10**6), td(microseconds=0))
+        eq(td(seconds=-0.5/10**6), td(microseconds=-0))
+        eq(td(seconds=1/2**7), td(microseconds=7812))
+        eq(td(seconds=-1/2**7), td(microseconds=-7812))
+
+        # Rounding due to contributions from more than one field.
+        us_per_hour = 3600e6
+        us_per_day = us_per_hour * 24
+        eq(td(days=.4/us_per_day), td(0))
+        eq(td(hours=.2/us_per_hour), td(0))
+        eq(td(days=.4/us_per_day, hours=.2/us_per_hour), td(microseconds=1))
+
+        eq(td(days=-.4/us_per_day), td(0))
+        eq(td(hours=-.2/us_per_hour), td(0))
+        eq(td(days=-.4/us_per_day, hours=-.2/us_per_hour), td(microseconds=-1))
+
+        # Test for a patch in Issue 8860
+        eq(td(microseconds=0.5), 0.5*td(microseconds=1.0))
+        eq(td(microseconds=0.5)//td.resolution, 0.5*td.resolution//td.resolution)
+
+    def test_massive_normalization(self):
+        td = timedelta(microseconds=-1)
+        self.assertEqual((td.days, td.seconds, td.microseconds),
+                         (-1, 24*3600-1, 999999))
+
+    def test_bool(self):
+        self.assertTrue(timedelta(1))
+        self.assertTrue(timedelta(0, 1))
+        self.assertTrue(timedelta(0, 0, 1))
+        self.assertTrue(timedelta(microseconds=1))
+        self.assertFalse(timedelta(0))
+
+    def test_subclass_timedelta(self):
+
+        class T(timedelta):
+            @staticmethod
+            def from_td(td):
+                return T(td.days, td.seconds, td.microseconds)
+
+            def as_hours(self):
+                sum = (self.days * 24 +
+                       self.seconds / 3600.0 +
+                       self.microseconds / 3600e6)
+                return round(sum)
+
+        t1 = T(days=1)
+        self.assertIs(type(t1), T)
+        self.assertEqual(t1.as_hours(), 24)
+
+        t2 = T(days=-1, seconds=-3600)
+        self.assertIs(type(t2), T)
+        self.assertEqual(t2.as_hours(), -25)
+
+        t3 = t1 + t2
+        self.assertIs(type(t3), timedelta)
+        t4 = T.from_td(t3)
+        self.assertIs(type(t4), T)
+        self.assertEqual(t3.days, t4.days)
+        self.assertEqual(t3.seconds, t4.seconds)
+        self.assertEqual(t3.microseconds, t4.microseconds)
+        self.assertEqual(str(t3), str(t4))
+        self.assertEqual(t4.as_hours(), -1)
+
+    def test_division(self):
+        t = timedelta(hours=1, minutes=24, seconds=19)
+        second = timedelta(seconds=1)
+        self.assertEqual(t / second, 5059.0)
+        self.assertEqual(t // second, 5059)
+
+        t = timedelta(minutes=2, seconds=30)
+        minute = timedelta(minutes=1)
+        self.assertEqual(t / minute, 2.5)
+        self.assertEqual(t // minute, 2)
+
+        zerotd = timedelta(0)
+        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, truediv, t, zerotd)
+        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, floordiv, t, zerotd)
+
+        # self.assertRaises(TypeError, truediv, t, 2)
+        # note: floor division of a timedelta by an integer *is*
+        # currently permitted.
+
+    def test_remainder(self):
+        t = timedelta(minutes=2, seconds=30)
+        minute = timedelta(minutes=1)
+        r = t % minute
+        self.assertEqual(r, timedelta(seconds=30))
+
+        t = timedelta(minutes=-2, seconds=30)
+        r = t %  minute
+        self.assertEqual(r, timedelta(seconds=30))
+
+        zerotd = timedelta(0)
+        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, mod, t, zerotd)
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, mod, t, 10)
+
+    def test_divmod(self):
+        t = timedelta(minutes=2, seconds=30)
+        minute = timedelta(minutes=1)
+        q, r = divmod(t, minute)
+        self.assertEqual(q, 2)
+        self.assertEqual(r, timedelta(seconds=30))
+
+        t = timedelta(minutes=-2, seconds=30)
+        q, r = divmod(t, minute)
+        self.assertEqual(q, -2)
+        self.assertEqual(r, timedelta(seconds=30))
+
+        zerotd = timedelta(0)
+        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, divmod, t, zerotd)
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, divmod, t, 10)
+
+    def test_issue31293(self):
+        # The interpreter shouldn't crash in case a timedelta is divided or
+        # multiplied by a float with a bad as_integer_ratio() method.
+        def get_bad_float(bad_ratio):
+            class BadFloat(float):
+                def as_integer_ratio(self):
+                    return bad_ratio
+            return BadFloat()
+
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            timedelta() / get_bad_float(1 << 1000)
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            timedelta() * get_bad_float(1 << 1000)
+
+        for bad_ratio in [(), (42, ), (1, 2, 3)]:
+            with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+                timedelta() / get_bad_float(bad_ratio)
+            with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+                timedelta() * get_bad_float(bad_ratio)
+
+    def test_issue31752(self):
+        # The interpreter shouldn't crash because divmod() returns negative
+        # remainder.
+        class BadInt(int):
+            def __mul__(self, other):
+                return Prod()
+
+        class Prod:
+            def __radd__(self, other):
+                return Sum()
+
+        class Sum(int):
+            def __divmod__(self, other):
+                # negative remainder
+                return (0, -1)
+
+        timedelta(microseconds=BadInt(1))
+        timedelta(hours=BadInt(1))
+        timedelta(weeks=BadInt(1))
+
+
+#############################################################################
+# date tests
+
+class TestDateOnly(unittest.TestCase):
+    # Tests here won't pass if also run on datetime objects, so don't
+    # subclass this to test datetimes too.
+
+    def test_delta_non_days_ignored(self):
+        dt = date(2000, 1, 2)
+        delta = timedelta(days=1, hours=2, minutes=3, seconds=4,
+                          microseconds=5)
+        days = timedelta(delta.days)
+        self.assertEqual(days, timedelta(1))
+
+        dt2 = dt + delta
+        self.assertEqual(dt2, dt + days)
+
+        dt2 = delta + dt
+        self.assertEqual(dt2, dt + days)
+
+        dt2 = dt - delta
+        self.assertEqual(dt2, dt - days)
+
+        delta = -delta
+        days = timedelta(delta.days)
+        self.assertEqual(days, timedelta(-2))
+
+        dt2 = dt + delta
+        self.assertEqual(dt2, dt + days)
+
+        dt2 = delta + dt
+        self.assertEqual(dt2, dt + days)
+
+        dt2 = dt - delta
+        self.assertEqual(dt2, dt - days)
+
+class SubclassDate(date):
+    sub_var = 1
+
+class TestDate(HarmlessMixedComparison, unittest.TestCase):
+    # Tests here should pass for both dates and datetimes, except for a
+    # few tests that TestDateTime overrides.
+
+    theclass = date
+
+    def test_basic_attributes(self):
+        dt = self.theclass(2002, 3, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(dt.year, 2002)
+        self.assertEqual(dt.month, 3)
+        self.assertEqual(dt.day, 1)
+
+    def test_roundtrip(self):
+        for dt in (self.theclass(1, 2, 3),
+                   self.theclass.today()):
+            # Verify dt -> string -> date identity.
+            s = repr(dt)
+            self.assertTrue(s.startswith('datetime.'))
+            s = s[9:]
+            dt2 = eval(s)
+            self.assertEqual(dt, dt2)
+
+            # Verify identity via reconstructing from pieces.
+            dt2 = self.theclass(dt.year, dt.month, dt.day)
+            self.assertEqual(dt, dt2)
+
+    def test_ordinal_conversions(self):
+        # Check some fixed values.
+        for y, m, d, n in [(1, 1, 1, 1),      # calendar origin
+                           (1, 12, 31, 365),
+                           (2, 1, 1, 366),
+                           # first example from "Calendrical Calculations"
+                           (1945, 11, 12, 710347)]:
+            d = self.theclass(y, m, d)
+            self.assertEqual(n, d.toordinal())
+            fromord = self.theclass.fromordinal(n)
+            self.assertEqual(d, fromord)
+            if hasattr(fromord, "hour"):
+            # if we're checking something fancier than a date, verify
+            # the extra fields have been zeroed out
+                self.assertEqual(fromord.hour, 0)
+                self.assertEqual(fromord.minute, 0)
+                self.assertEqual(fromord.second, 0)
+                self.assertEqual(fromord.microsecond, 0)
+
+        # Check first and last days of year spottily across the whole
+        # range of years supported.
+        for year in range(MINYEAR, MAXYEAR+1, 7):
+            # Verify (year, 1, 1) -> ordinal -> y, m, d is identity.
+            d = self.theclass(year, 1, 1)
+            n = d.toordinal()
+            d2 = self.theclass.fromordinal(n)
+            self.assertEqual(d, d2)
+            # Verify that moving back a day gets to the end of year-1.
+            if year > 1:
+                d = self.theclass.fromordinal(n-1)
+                d2 = self.theclass(year-1, 12, 31)
+                self.assertEqual(d, d2)
+                self.assertEqual(d2.toordinal(), n-1)
+
+        # Test every day in a leap-year and a non-leap year.
+        dim = [31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31]
+        for year, isleap in (2000, True), (2002, False):
+            n = self.theclass(year, 1, 1).toordinal()
+            for month, maxday in zip(range(1, 13), dim):
+                if month == 2 and isleap:
+                    maxday += 1
+                for day in range(1, maxday+1):
+                    d = self.theclass(year, month, day)
+                    self.assertEqual(d.toordinal(), n)
+                    self.assertEqual(d, self.theclass.fromordinal(n))
+                    n += 1
+
+    def test_extreme_ordinals(self):
+        a = self.theclass.min
+        a = self.theclass(a.year, a.month, a.day)  # get rid of time parts
+        aord = a.toordinal()
+        b = a.fromordinal(aord)
+        self.assertEqual(a, b)
+
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, lambda: a.fromordinal(aord - 1))
+
+        b = a + timedelta(days=1)
+        self.assertEqual(b.toordinal(), aord + 1)
+        self.assertEqual(b, self.theclass.fromordinal(aord + 1))
+
+        a = self.theclass.max
+        a = self.theclass(a.year, a.month, a.day)  # get rid of time parts
+        aord = a.toordinal()
+        b = a.fromordinal(aord)
+        self.assertEqual(a, b)
+
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, lambda: a.fromordinal(aord + 1))
+
+        b = a - timedelta(days=1)
+        self.assertEqual(b.toordinal(), aord - 1)
+        self.assertEqual(b, self.theclass.fromordinal(aord - 1))
+
+    def test_bad_constructor_arguments(self):
+        # bad years
+        self.theclass(MINYEAR, 1, 1)  # no exception
+        self.theclass(MAXYEAR, 1, 1)  # no exception
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.theclass, MINYEAR-1, 1, 1)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.theclass, MAXYEAR+1, 1, 1)
+        # bad months
+        self.theclass(2000, 1, 1)    # no exception
+        self.theclass(2000, 12, 1)   # no exception
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.theclass, 2000, 0, 1)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.theclass, 2000, 13, 1)
+        # bad days
+        self.theclass(2000, 2, 29)   # no exception
+        self.theclass(2004, 2, 29)   # no exception
+        self.theclass(2400, 2, 29)   # no exception
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.theclass, 2000, 2, 30)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.theclass, 2001, 2, 29)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.theclass, 2100, 2, 29)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.theclass, 1900, 2, 29)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.theclass, 2000, 1, 0)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.theclass, 2000, 1, 32)
+
+    def test_hash_equality(self):
+        d = self.theclass(2000, 12, 31)
+        # same thing
+        e = self.theclass(2000, 12, 31)
+        self.assertEqual(d, e)
+        self.assertEqual(hash(d), hash(e))
+
+        dic = {d: 1}
+        dic[e] = 2
+        self.assertEqual(len(dic), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(dic[d], 2)
+        self.assertEqual(dic[e], 2)
+
+        d = self.theclass(2001,  1,  1)
+        # same thing
+        e = self.theclass(2001,  1,  1)
+        self.assertEqual(d, e)
+        self.assertEqual(hash(d), hash(e))
+
+        dic = {d: 1}
+        dic[e] = 2
+        self.assertEqual(len(dic), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(dic[d], 2)
+        self.assertEqual(dic[e], 2)
+
+    def test_computations(self):
+        a = self.theclass(2002, 1, 31)
+        b = self.theclass(1956, 1, 31)
+        c = self.theclass(2001,2,1)
+
+        diff = a-b
+        self.assertEqual(diff.days, 46*365 + len(range(1956, 2002, 4)))
+        self.assertEqual(diff.seconds, 0)
+        self.assertEqual(diff.microseconds, 0)
+
+        day = timedelta(1)
+        week = timedelta(7)
+        a = self.theclass(2002, 3, 2)
+        self.assertEqual(a + day, self.theclass(2002, 3, 3))
+        self.assertEqual(day + a, self.theclass(2002, 3, 3))
+        self.assertEqual(a - day, self.theclass(2002, 3, 1))
+        self.assertEqual(-day + a, self.theclass(2002, 3, 1))
+        self.assertEqual(a + week, self.theclass(2002, 3, 9))
+        self.assertEqual(a - week, self.theclass(2002, 2, 23))
+        self.assertEqual(a + 52*week, self.theclass(2003, 3, 1))
+        self.assertEqual(a - 52*week, self.theclass(2001, 3, 3))
+        self.assertEqual((a + week) - a, week)
+        self.assertEqual((a + day) - a, day)
+        self.assertEqual((a - week) - a, -week)
+        self.assertEqual((a - day) - a, -day)
+        self.assertEqual(a - (a + week), -week)
+        self.assertEqual(a - (a + day), -day)
+        self.assertEqual(a - (a - week), week)
+        self.assertEqual(a - (a - day), day)
+        self.assertEqual(c - (c - day), day)
+
+        # Add/sub ints or floats should be illegal
+        for i in 1, 1.0:
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: a+i)
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: a-i)
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: i+a)
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: i-a)
+
+        # delta - date is senseless.
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: day - a)
+        # mixing date and (delta or date) via * or // is senseless
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: day * a)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: a * day)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: day // a)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: a // day)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: a * a)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: a // a)
+        # date + date is senseless
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: a + a)
+
+    def test_overflow(self):
+        tiny = self.theclass.resolution
+
+        for delta in [tiny, timedelta(1), timedelta(2)]:
+            dt = self.theclass.min + delta
+            dt -= delta  # no problem
+            self.assertRaises(OverflowError, dt.__sub__, delta)
+            self.assertRaises(OverflowError, dt.__add__, -delta)
+
+            dt = self.theclass.max - delta
+            dt += delta  # no problem
+            self.assertRaises(OverflowError, dt.__add__, delta)
+            self.assertRaises(OverflowError, dt.__sub__, -delta)
+
+    def test_fromtimestamp(self):
+        import time
+
+        # Try an arbitrary fixed value.
+        year, month, day = 1999, 9, 19
+        ts = time.mktime((year, month, day, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, -1))
+        d = self.theclass.fromtimestamp(ts)
+        self.assertEqual(d.year, year)
+        self.assertEqual(d.month, month)
+        self.assertEqual(d.day, day)
+
+    def test_insane_fromtimestamp(self):
+        # It's possible that some platform maps time_t to double,
+        # and that this test will fail there.  This test should
+        # exempt such platforms (provided they return reasonable
+        # results!).
+        for insane in -1e200, 1e200:
+            self.assertRaises(OverflowError, self.theclass.fromtimestamp,
+                              insane)
+
+    def test_today(self):
+        import time
+
+        # We claim that today() is like fromtimestamp(time.time()), so
+        # prove it.
+        for dummy in range(3):
+            today = self.theclass.today()
+            ts = time.time()
+            todayagain = self.theclass.fromtimestamp(ts)
+            if today == todayagain:
+                break
+            # There are several legit reasons that could fail:
+            # 1. It recently became midnight, between the today() and the
+            #    time() calls.
+            # 2. The platform time() has such fine resolution that we'll
+            #    never get the same value twice.
+            # 3. The platform time() has poor resolution, and we just
+            #    happened to call today() right before a resolution quantum
+            #    boundary.
+            # 4. The system clock got fiddled between calls.
+            # In any case, wait a little while and try again.
+            time.sleep(0.1)
+
+        # It worked or it didn't.  If it didn't, assume it's reason #2, and
+        # let the test pass if they're within half a second of each other.
+        if today != todayagain:
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(todayagain, today,
+                                   delta=timedelta(seconds=0.5))
+
+    def test_weekday(self):
+        for i in range(7):
+            # March 4, 2002 is a Monday
+            self.assertEqual(self.theclass(2002, 3, 4+i).weekday(), i)
+            self.assertEqual(self.theclass(2002, 3, 4+i).isoweekday(), i+1)
+            # January 2, 1956 is a Monday
+            self.assertEqual(self.theclass(1956, 1, 2+i).weekday(), i)
+            self.assertEqual(self.theclass(1956, 1, 2+i).isoweekday(), i+1)
+
+    def test_isocalendar(self):
+        # Check examples from
+        # http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/calendar/isocalendar.htm
+        for i in range(7):
+            d = self.theclass(2003, 12, 22+i)
+            self.assertEqual(d.isocalendar(), (2003, 52, i+1))
+            d = self.theclass(2003, 12, 29) + timedelta(i)
+            self.assertEqual(d.isocalendar(), (2004, 1, i+1))
+            d = self.theclass(2004, 1, 5+i)
+            self.assertEqual(d.isocalendar(), (2004, 2, i+1))
+            d = self.theclass(2009, 12, 21+i)
+            self.assertEqual(d.isocalendar(), (2009, 52, i+1))
+            d = self.theclass(2009, 12, 28) + timedelta(i)
+            self.assertEqual(d.isocalendar(), (2009, 53, i+1))
+            d = self.theclass(2010, 1, 4+i)
+            self.assertEqual(d.isocalendar(), (2010, 1, i+1))
+
+    def test_iso_long_years(self):
+        # Calculate long ISO years and compare to table from
+        # http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/calendar/isocalendar.htm
+        ISO_LONG_YEARS_TABLE = """
+              4   32   60   88
+              9   37   65   93
+             15   43   71   99
+             20   48   76
+             26   54   82
+
+            105  133  161  189
+            111  139  167  195
+            116  144  172
+            122  150  178
+            128  156  184
+
+            201  229  257  285
+            207  235  263  291
+            212  240  268  296
+            218  246  274
+            224  252  280
+
+            303  331  359  387
+            308  336  364  392
+            314  342  370  398
+            320  348  376
+            325  353  381
+        """
+        iso_long_years = sorted(map(int, ISO_LONG_YEARS_TABLE.split()))
+        L = []
+        for i in range(400):
+            d = self.theclass(2000+i, 12, 31)
+            d1 = self.theclass(1600+i, 12, 31)
+            self.assertEqual(d.isocalendar()[1:], d1.isocalendar()[1:])
+            if d.isocalendar()[1] == 53:
+                L.append(i)
+        self.assertEqual(L, iso_long_years)
+
+    def test_isoformat(self):
+        t = self.theclass(2, 3, 2)
+        self.assertEqual(t.isoformat(), "0002-03-02")
+
+    def test_ctime(self):
+        t = self.theclass(2002, 3, 2)
+        self.assertEqual(t.ctime(), "Sat Mar  2 00:00:00 2002")
+
+    def test_strftime(self):
+        t = self.theclass(2005, 3, 2)
+        self.assertEqual(t.strftime("m:%m d:%d y:%y"), "m:03 d:02 y:05")
+        self.assertEqual(t.strftime(""), "") # SF bug #761337
+        self.assertEqual(t.strftime('x'*1000), 'x'*1000) # SF bug #1556784
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, t.strftime) # needs an arg
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, t.strftime, "one", "two") # too many args
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, t.strftime, 42) # arg wrong type
+
+        # test that unicode input is allowed (issue 2782)
+        self.assertEqual(t.strftime("%m"), "03")
+
+        # A naive object replaces %z and %Z w/ empty strings.
+        self.assertEqual(t.strftime("'%z' '%Z'"), "'' ''")
+
+        #make sure that invalid format specifiers are handled correctly
+        #self.assertRaises(ValueError, t.strftime, "%e")
+        #self.assertRaises(ValueError, t.strftime, "%")
+        #self.assertRaises(ValueError, t.strftime, "%#")
+
+        #oh well, some systems just ignore those invalid ones.
+        #at least, exercise them to make sure that no crashes
+        #are generated
+        for f in ["%e", "%", "%#"]:
+            try:
+                t.strftime(f)
+            except ValueError:
+                pass
+
+        #check that this standard extension works
+        t.strftime("%f")
+
+    def test_format(self):
+        dt = self.theclass(2007, 9, 10)
+        self.assertEqual(dt.__format__(''), str(dt))
+
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, 'must be str, not int'):
+            dt.__format__(123)
+
+        # check that a derived class's __str__() gets called
+        class A(self.theclass):
+            def __str__(self):
+                return 'A'
+        a = A(2007, 9, 10)
+        self.assertEqual(a.__format__(''), 'A')
+
+        # check that a derived class's strftime gets called
+        class B(self.theclass):
+            def strftime(self, format_spec):
+                return 'B'
+        b = B(2007, 9, 10)
+        self.assertEqual(b.__format__(''), str(dt))
+
+        for fmt in ["m:%m d:%d y:%y",
+                    "m:%m d:%d y:%y H:%H M:%M S:%S",
+                    "%z %Z",
+                    ]:
+            self.assertEqual(dt.__format__(fmt), dt.strftime(fmt))
+            self.assertEqual(a.__format__(fmt), dt.strftime(fmt))
+            self.assertEqual(b.__format__(fmt), 'B')
+
+    def test_resolution_info(self):
+        # XXX: Should min and max respect subclassing?
+        if issubclass(self.theclass, datetime):
+            expected_class = datetime
+        else:
+            expected_class = date
+        self.assertIsInstance(self.theclass.min, expected_class)
+        self.assertIsInstance(self.theclass.max, expected_class)
+        self.assertIsInstance(self.theclass.resolution, timedelta)
+        self.assertTrue(self.theclass.max > self.theclass.min)
+
+    def test_extreme_timedelta(self):
+        big = self.theclass.max - self.theclass.min
+        # 3652058 days, 23 hours, 59 minutes, 59 seconds, 999999 microseconds
+        n = (big.days*24*3600 + big.seconds)*1000000 + big.microseconds
+        # n == 315537897599999999 ~= 2**58.13
+        justasbig = timedelta(0, 0, n)
+        self.assertEqual(big, justasbig)
+        self.assertEqual(self.theclass.min + big, self.theclass.max)
+        self.assertEqual(self.theclass.max - big, self.theclass.min)
+
+    def test_timetuple(self):
+        for i in range(7):
+            # January 2, 1956 is a Monday (0)
+            d = self.theclass(1956, 1, 2+i)
+            t = d.timetuple()
+            self.assertEqual(t, (1956, 1, 2+i, 0, 0, 0, i, 2+i, -1))
+            # February 1, 1956 is a Wednesday (2)
+            d = self.theclass(1956, 2, 1+i)
+            t = d.timetuple()
+            self.assertEqual(t, (1956, 2, 1+i, 0, 0, 0, (2+i)%7, 32+i, -1))
+            # March 1, 1956 is a Thursday (3), and is the 31+29+1 = 61st day
+            # of the year.
+            d = self.theclass(1956, 3, 1+i)
+            t = d.timetuple()
+            self.assertEqual(t, (1956, 3, 1+i, 0, 0, 0, (3+i)%7, 61+i, -1))
+            self.assertEqual(t.tm_year, 1956)
+            self.assertEqual(t.tm_mon, 3)
+            self.assertEqual(t.tm_mday, 1+i)
+            self.assertEqual(t.tm_hour, 0)
+            self.assertEqual(t.tm_min, 0)
+            self.assertEqual(t.tm_sec, 0)
+            self.assertEqual(t.tm_wday, (3+i)%7)
+            self.assertEqual(t.tm_yday, 61+i)
+            self.assertEqual(t.tm_isdst, -1)
+
+    def test_pickling(self):
+        args = 6, 7, 23
+        orig = self.theclass(*args)
+        for pickler, unpickler, proto in pickle_choices:
+            green = pickler.dumps(orig, proto)
+            derived = unpickler.loads(green)
+            self.assertEqual(orig, derived)
+        self.assertEqual(orig.__reduce__(), orig.__reduce_ex__(2))
+
+    def test_compare(self):
+        t1 = self.theclass(2, 3, 4)
+        t2 = self.theclass(2, 3, 4)
+        self.assertEqual(t1, t2)
+        self.assertTrue(t1 <= t2)
+        self.assertTrue(t1 >= t2)
+        self.assertFalse(t1 != t2)
+        self.assertFalse(t1 < t2)
+        self.assertFalse(t1 > t2)
+
+        for args in (3, 3, 3), (2, 4, 4), (2, 3, 5):
+            t2 = self.theclass(*args)   # this is larger than t1
+            self.assertTrue(t1 < t2)
+            self.assertTrue(t2 > t1)
+            self.assertTrue(t1 <= t2)
+            self.assertTrue(t2 >= t1)
+            self.assertTrue(t1 != t2)
+            self.assertTrue(t2 != t1)
+            self.assertFalse(t1 == t2)
+            self.assertFalse(t2 == t1)
+            self.assertFalse(t1 > t2)
+            self.assertFalse(t2 < t1)
+            self.assertFalse(t1 >= t2)
+            self.assertFalse(t2 <= t1)
+
+        for badarg in OTHERSTUFF:
+            self.assertEqual(t1 == badarg, False)
+            self.assertEqual(t1 != badarg, True)
+            self.assertEqual(badarg == t1, False)
+            self.assertEqual(badarg != t1, True)
+
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: t1 < badarg)
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: t1 > badarg)
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: t1 >= badarg)
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: badarg <= t1)
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: badarg < t1)
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: badarg > t1)
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: badarg >= t1)
+
+    def test_mixed_compare(self):
+        our = self.theclass(2000, 4, 5)
+
+        # Our class can be compared for equality to other classes
+        self.assertEqual(our == 1, False)
+        self.assertEqual(1 == our, False)
+        self.assertEqual(our != 1, True)
+        self.assertEqual(1 != our, True)
+
+        # But the ordering is undefined
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: our < 1)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: 1 < our)
+
+        # Repeat those tests with a different class
+
+        class SomeClass:
+            pass
+
+        their = SomeClass()
+        self.assertEqual(our == their, False)
+        self.assertEqual(their == our, False)
+        self.assertEqual(our != their, True)
+        self.assertEqual(their != our, True)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: our < their)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: their < our)
+
+        # However, if the other class explicitly defines ordering
+        # relative to our class, it is allowed to do so
+
+        class LargerThanAnything:
+            def __lt__(self, other):
+                return False
+            def __le__(self, other):
+                return isinstance(other, LargerThanAnything)
+            def __eq__(self, other):
+                return isinstance(other, LargerThanAnything)
+            def __gt__(self, other):
+                return not isinstance(other, LargerThanAnything)
+            def __ge__(self, other):
+                return True
+
+        their = LargerThanAnything()
+        self.assertEqual(our == their, False)
+        self.assertEqual(their == our, False)
+        self.assertEqual(our != their, True)
+        self.assertEqual(their != our, True)
+        self.assertEqual(our < their, True)
+        self.assertEqual(their < our, False)
+
+    def test_bool(self):
+        # All dates are considered true.
+        self.assertTrue(self.theclass.min)
+        self.assertTrue(self.theclass.max)
+
+    def test_strftime_y2k(self):
+        for y in (1, 49, 70, 99, 100, 999, 1000, 1970):
+            d = self.theclass(y, 1, 1)
+            # Issue 13305:  For years < 1000, the value is not always
+            # padded to 4 digits across platforms.  The C standard
+            # assumes year >= 1900, so it does not specify the number
+            # of digits.
+            if d.strftime("%Y") != '%04d' % y:
+                # Year 42 returns '42', not padded
+                self.assertEqual(d.strftime("%Y"), '%d' % y)
+                # '0042' is obtained anyway
+                self.assertEqual(d.strftime("%4Y"), '%04d' % y)
+
+    def test_replace(self):
+        cls = self.theclass
+        args = [1, 2, 3]
+        base = cls(*args)
+        self.assertEqual(base, base.replace())
+
+        i = 0
+        for name, newval in (("year", 2),
+                             ("month", 3),
+                             ("day", 4)):
+            newargs = args[:]
+            newargs[i] = newval
+            expected = cls(*newargs)
+            got = base.replace(**{name: newval})
+            self.assertEqual(expected, got)
+            i += 1
+
+        # Out of bounds.
+        base = cls(2000, 2, 29)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, base.replace, year=2001)
+
+    def test_subclass_replace(self):
+        class DateSubclass(self.theclass):
+            pass
+
+        dt = DateSubclass(2012, 1, 1)
+        self.assertIs(type(dt.replace(year=2013)), DateSubclass)
+
+    def test_subclass_date(self):
+
+        class C(self.theclass):
+            theAnswer = 42
+
+            def __new__(cls, *args, **kws):
+                temp = kws.copy()
+                extra = temp.pop('extra')
+                result = self.theclass.__new__(cls, *args, **temp)
+                result.extra = extra
+                return result
+
+            def newmeth(self, start):
+                return start + self.year + self.month
+
+        args = 2003, 4, 14
+
+        dt1 = self.theclass(*args)
+        dt2 = C(*args, **{'extra': 7})
+
+        self.assertEqual(dt2.__class__, C)
+        self.assertEqual(dt2.theAnswer, 42)
+        self.assertEqual(dt2.extra, 7)
+        self.assertEqual(dt1.toordinal(), dt2.toordinal())
+        self.assertEqual(dt2.newmeth(-7), dt1.year + dt1.month - 7)
+
+    def test_pickling_subclass_date(self):
+
+        args = 6, 7, 23
+        orig = SubclassDate(*args)
+        for pickler, unpickler, proto in pickle_choices:
+            green = pickler.dumps(orig, proto)
+            derived = unpickler.loads(green)
+            self.assertEqual(orig, derived)
+
+    def test_backdoor_resistance(self):
+        # For fast unpickling, the constructor accepts a pickle byte string.
+        # This is a low-overhead backdoor.  A user can (by intent or
+        # mistake) pass a string directly, which (if it's the right length)
+        # will get treated like a pickle, and bypass the normal sanity
+        # checks in the constructor.  This can create insane objects.
+        # The constructor doesn't want to burn the time to validate all
+        # fields, but does check the month field.  This stops, e.g.,
+        # datetime.datetime('1995-03-25') from yielding an insane object.
+        base = b'1995-03-25'
+        if not issubclass(self.theclass, datetime):
+            base = base[:4]
+        for month_byte in b'9', b'\0', b'\r', b'\xff':
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.theclass,
+                                         base[:2] + month_byte + base[3:])
+        if issubclass(self.theclass, datetime):
+            # Good bytes, but bad tzinfo:
+            with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, '^bad tzinfo state arg$'):
+                self.theclass(bytes([1] * len(base)), 'EST')
+
+        for ord_byte in range(1, 13):
+            # This shouldn't blow up because of the month byte alone.  If
+            # the implementation changes to do more-careful checking, it may
+            # blow up because other fields are insane.
+            self.theclass(base[:2] + bytes([ord_byte]) + base[3:])
+
+#############################################################################
+# datetime tests
+
+class SubclassDatetime(datetime):
+    sub_var = 1
+
+class TestDateTime(TestDate):
+
+    theclass = datetime
+
+    def test_basic_attributes(self):
+        dt = self.theclass(2002, 3, 1, 12, 0)
+        self.assertEqual(dt.year, 2002)
+        self.assertEqual(dt.month, 3)
+        self.assertEqual(dt.day, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(dt.hour, 12)
+        self.assertEqual(dt.minute, 0)
+        self.assertEqual(dt.second, 0)
+        self.assertEqual(dt.microsecond, 0)
+
+    def test_basic_attributes_nonzero(self):
+        # Make sure all attributes are non-zero so bugs in
+        # bit-shifting access show up.
+        dt = self.theclass(2002, 3, 1, 12, 59, 59, 8000)
+        self.assertEqual(dt.year, 2002)
+        self.assertEqual(dt.month, 3)
+        self.assertEqual(dt.day, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(dt.hour, 12)
+        self.assertEqual(dt.minute, 59)
+        self.assertEqual(dt.second, 59)
+        self.assertEqual(dt.microsecond, 8000)
+
+    def test_roundtrip(self):
+        for dt in (self.theclass(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7),
+                   self.theclass.now()):
+            # Verify dt -> string -> datetime identity.
+            s = repr(dt)
+            self.assertTrue(s.startswith('datetime.'))
+            s = s[9:]
+            dt2 = eval(s)
+            self.assertEqual(dt, dt2)
+
+            # Verify identity via reconstructing from pieces.
+            dt2 = self.theclass(dt.year, dt.month, dt.day,
+                                dt.hour, dt.minute, dt.second,
+                                dt.microsecond)
+            self.assertEqual(dt, dt2)
+
+    def test_isoformat(self):
+        t = self.theclass(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1, 123)
+        self.assertEqual(t.isoformat(),    "0001-02-03T04:05:01.000123")
+        self.assertEqual(t.isoformat('T'), "0001-02-03T04:05:01.000123")
+        self.assertEqual(t.isoformat(' '), "0001-02-03 04:05:01.000123")
+        self.assertEqual(t.isoformat('\x00'), "0001-02-03\x0004:05:01.000123")
+        self.assertEqual(t.isoformat(timespec='hours'), "0001-02-03T04")
+        self.assertEqual(t.isoformat(timespec='minutes'), "0001-02-03T04:05")
+        self.assertEqual(t.isoformat(timespec='seconds'), "0001-02-03T04:05:01")
+        self.assertEqual(t.isoformat(timespec='milliseconds'), "0001-02-03T04:05:01.000")
+        self.assertEqual(t.isoformat(timespec='microseconds'), "0001-02-03T04:05:01.000123")
+        self.assertEqual(t.isoformat(timespec='auto'), "0001-02-03T04:05:01.000123")
+        self.assertEqual(t.isoformat(sep=' ', timespec='minutes'), "0001-02-03 04:05")
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, t.isoformat, timespec='foo')
+        # str is ISO format with the separator forced to a blank.
+        self.assertEqual(str(t), "0001-02-03 04:05:01.000123")
+
+        t = self.theclass(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1, 999500, tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+        self.assertEqual(t.isoformat(timespec='milliseconds'), "0001-02-03T04:05:01.999+00:00")
+
+        t = self.theclass(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1, 999500)
+        self.assertEqual(t.isoformat(timespec='milliseconds'), "0001-02-03T04:05:01.999")
+
+        t = self.theclass(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(t.isoformat(timespec='auto'), "0001-02-03T04:05:01")
+        self.assertEqual(t.isoformat(timespec='milliseconds'), "0001-02-03T04:05:01.000")
+        self.assertEqual(t.isoformat(timespec='microseconds'), "0001-02-03T04:05:01.000000")
+
+        t = self.theclass(2, 3, 2)
+        self.assertEqual(t.isoformat(),    "0002-03-02T00:00:00")
+        self.assertEqual(t.isoformat('T'), "0002-03-02T00:00:00")
+        self.assertEqual(t.isoformat(' '), "0002-03-02 00:00:00")
+        # str is ISO format with the separator forced to a blank.
+        self.assertEqual(str(t), "0002-03-02 00:00:00")
+        # ISO format with timezone
+        tz = FixedOffset(timedelta(seconds=16), 'XXX')
+        t = self.theclass(2, 3, 2, tzinfo=tz)
+        self.assertEqual(t.isoformat(), "0002-03-02T00:00:00+00:00:16")
+
+    def test_format(self):
+        dt = self.theclass(2007, 9, 10, 4, 5, 1, 123)
+        self.assertEqual(dt.__format__(''), str(dt))
+
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, 'must be str, not int'):
+            dt.__format__(123)
+
+        # check that a derived class's __str__() gets called
+        class A(self.theclass):
+            def __str__(self):
+                return 'A'
+        a = A(2007, 9, 10, 4, 5, 1, 123)
+        self.assertEqual(a.__format__(''), 'A')
+
+        # check that a derived class's strftime gets called
+        class B(self.theclass):
+            def strftime(self, format_spec):
+                return 'B'
+        b = B(2007, 9, 10, 4, 5, 1, 123)
+        self.assertEqual(b.__format__(''), str(dt))
+
+        for fmt in ["m:%m d:%d y:%y",
+                    "m:%m d:%d y:%y H:%H M:%M S:%S",
+                    "%z %Z",
+                    ]:
+            self.assertEqual(dt.__format__(fmt), dt.strftime(fmt))
+            self.assertEqual(a.__format__(fmt), dt.strftime(fmt))
+            self.assertEqual(b.__format__(fmt), 'B')
+
+    def test_more_ctime(self):
+        # Test fields that TestDate doesn't touch.
+        import time
+
+        t = self.theclass(2002, 3, 2, 18, 3, 5, 123)
+        self.assertEqual(t.ctime(), "Sat Mar  2 18:03:05 2002")
+        # Oops!  The next line fails on Win2K under MSVC 6, so it's commented
+        # out.  The difference is that t.ctime() produces " 2" for the day,
+        # but platform ctime() produces "02" for the day.  According to
+        # C99, t.ctime() is correct here.
+        # self.assertEqual(t.ctime(), time.ctime(time.mktime(t.timetuple())))
+
+        # So test a case where that difference doesn't matter.
+        t = self.theclass(2002, 3, 22, 18, 3, 5, 123)
+        self.assertEqual(t.ctime(), time.ctime(time.mktime(t.timetuple())))
+
+    def test_tz_independent_comparing(self):
+        dt1 = self.theclass(2002, 3, 1, 9, 0, 0)
+        dt2 = self.theclass(2002, 3, 1, 10, 0, 0)
+        dt3 = self.theclass(2002, 3, 1, 9, 0, 0)
+        self.assertEqual(dt1, dt3)
+        self.assertTrue(dt2 > dt3)
+
+        # Make sure comparison doesn't forget microseconds, and isn't done
+        # via comparing a float timestamp (an IEEE double doesn't have enough
+        # precision to span microsecond resolution across years 1 thru 9999,
+        # so comparing via timestamp necessarily calls some distinct values
+        # equal).
+        dt1 = self.theclass(MAXYEAR, 12, 31, 23, 59, 59, 999998)
+        us = timedelta(microseconds=1)
+        dt2 = dt1 + us
+        self.assertEqual(dt2 - dt1, us)
+        self.assertTrue(dt1 < dt2)
+
+    def test_strftime_with_bad_tzname_replace(self):
+        # verify ok if tzinfo.tzname().replace() returns a non-string
+        class MyTzInfo(FixedOffset):
+            def tzname(self, dt):
+                class MyStr(str):
+                    def replace(self, *args):
+                        return None
+                return MyStr('name')
+        t = self.theclass(2005, 3, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, MyTzInfo(3, 'name'))
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, t.strftime, '%Z')
+
+    def test_bad_constructor_arguments(self):
+        # bad years
+        self.theclass(MINYEAR, 1, 1)  # no exception
+        self.theclass(MAXYEAR, 1, 1)  # no exception
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.theclass, MINYEAR-1, 1, 1)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.theclass, MAXYEAR+1, 1, 1)
+        # bad months
+        self.theclass(2000, 1, 1)    # no exception
+        self.theclass(2000, 12, 1)   # no exception
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.theclass, 2000, 0, 1)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.theclass, 2000, 13, 1)
+        # bad days
+        self.theclass(2000, 2, 29)   # no exception
+        self.theclass(2004, 2, 29)   # no exception
+        self.theclass(2400, 2, 29)   # no exception
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.theclass, 2000, 2, 30)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.theclass, 2001, 2, 29)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.theclass, 2100, 2, 29)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.theclass, 1900, 2, 29)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.theclass, 2000, 1, 0)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.theclass, 2000, 1, 32)
+        # bad hours
+        self.theclass(2000, 1, 31, 0)    # no exception
+        self.theclass(2000, 1, 31, 23)   # no exception
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.theclass, 2000, 1, 31, -1)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.theclass, 2000, 1, 31, 24)
+        # bad minutes
+        self.theclass(2000, 1, 31, 23, 0)    # no exception
+        self.theclass(2000, 1, 31, 23, 59)   # no exception
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.theclass, 2000, 1, 31, 23, -1)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.theclass, 2000, 1, 31, 23, 60)
+        # bad seconds
+        self.theclass(2000, 1, 31, 23, 59, 0)    # no exception
+        self.theclass(2000, 1, 31, 23, 59, 59)   # no exception
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.theclass, 2000, 1, 31, 23, 59, -1)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.theclass, 2000, 1, 31, 23, 59, 60)
+        # bad microseconds
+        self.theclass(2000, 1, 31, 23, 59, 59, 0)    # no exception
+        self.theclass(2000, 1, 31, 23, 59, 59, 999999)   # no exception
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.theclass,
+                          2000, 1, 31, 23, 59, 59, -1)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.theclass,
+                          2000, 1, 31, 23, 59, 59,
+                          1000000)
+        # bad fold
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.theclass,
+                          2000, 1, 31, fold=-1)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.theclass,
+                          2000, 1, 31, fold=2)
+        # Positional fold:
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.theclass,
+                          2000, 1, 31, 23, 59, 59, 0, None, 1)
+
+    def test_hash_equality(self):
+        d = self.theclass(2000, 12, 31, 23, 30, 17)
+        e = self.theclass(2000, 12, 31, 23, 30, 17)
+        self.assertEqual(d, e)
+        self.assertEqual(hash(d), hash(e))
+
+        dic = {d: 1}
+        dic[e] = 2
+        self.assertEqual(len(dic), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(dic[d], 2)
+        self.assertEqual(dic[e], 2)
+
+        d = self.theclass(2001,  1,  1,  0,  5, 17)
+        e = self.theclass(2001,  1,  1,  0,  5, 17)
+        self.assertEqual(d, e)
+        self.assertEqual(hash(d), hash(e))
+
+        dic = {d: 1}
+        dic[e] = 2
+        self.assertEqual(len(dic), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(dic[d], 2)
+        self.assertEqual(dic[e], 2)
+
+    def test_computations(self):
+        a = self.theclass(2002, 1, 31)
+        b = self.theclass(1956, 1, 31)
+        diff = a-b
+        self.assertEqual(diff.days, 46*365 + len(range(1956, 2002, 4)))
+        self.assertEqual(diff.seconds, 0)
+        self.assertEqual(diff.microseconds, 0)
+        a = self.theclass(2002, 3, 2, 17, 6)
+        millisec = timedelta(0, 0, 1000)
+        hour = timedelta(0, 3600)
+        day = timedelta(1)
+        week = timedelta(7)
+        self.assertEqual(a + hour, self.theclass(2002, 3, 2, 18, 6))
+        self.assertEqual(hour + a, self.theclass(2002, 3, 2, 18, 6))
+        self.assertEqual(a + 10*hour, self.theclass(2002, 3, 3, 3, 6))
+        self.assertEqual(a - hour, self.theclass(2002, 3, 2, 16, 6))
+        self.assertEqual(-hour + a, self.theclass(2002, 3, 2, 16, 6))
+        self.assertEqual(a - hour, a + -hour)
+        self.assertEqual(a - 20*hour, self.theclass(2002, 3, 1, 21, 6))
+        self.assertEqual(a + day, self.theclass(2002, 3, 3, 17, 6))
+        self.assertEqual(a - day, self.theclass(2002, 3, 1, 17, 6))
+        self.assertEqual(a + week, self.theclass(2002, 3, 9, 17, 6))
+        self.assertEqual(a - week, self.theclass(2002, 2, 23, 17, 6))
+        self.assertEqual(a + 52*week, self.theclass(2003, 3, 1, 17, 6))
+        self.assertEqual(a - 52*week, self.theclass(2001, 3, 3, 17, 6))
+        self.assertEqual((a + week) - a, week)
+        self.assertEqual((a + day) - a, day)
+        self.assertEqual((a + hour) - a, hour)
+        self.assertEqual((a + millisec) - a, millisec)
+        self.assertEqual((a - week) - a, -week)
+        self.assertEqual((a - day) - a, -day)
+        self.assertEqual((a - hour) - a, -hour)
+        self.assertEqual((a - millisec) - a, -millisec)
+        self.assertEqual(a - (a + week), -week)
+        self.assertEqual(a - (a + day), -day)
+        self.assertEqual(a - (a + hour), -hour)
+        self.assertEqual(a - (a + millisec), -millisec)
+        self.assertEqual(a - (a - week), week)
+        self.assertEqual(a - (a - day), day)
+        self.assertEqual(a - (a - hour), hour)
+        self.assertEqual(a - (a - millisec), millisec)
+        self.assertEqual(a + (week + day + hour + millisec),
+                         self.theclass(2002, 3, 10, 18, 6, 0, 1000))
+        self.assertEqual(a + (week + day + hour + millisec),
+                         (((a + week) + day) + hour) + millisec)
+        self.assertEqual(a - (week + day + hour + millisec),
+                         self.theclass(2002, 2, 22, 16, 5, 59, 999000))
+        self.assertEqual(a - (week + day + hour + millisec),
+                         (((a - week) - day) - hour) - millisec)
+        # Add/sub ints or floats should be illegal
+        for i in 1, 1.0:
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: a+i)
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: a-i)
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: i+a)
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: i-a)
+
+        # delta - datetime is senseless.
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: day - a)
+        # mixing datetime and (delta or datetime) via * or // is senseless
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: day * a)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: a * day)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: day // a)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: a // day)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: a * a)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: a // a)
+        # datetime + datetime is senseless
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: a + a)
+
+    def test_pickling(self):
+        args = 6, 7, 23, 20, 59, 1, 64**2
+        orig = self.theclass(*args)
+        for pickler, unpickler, proto in pickle_choices:
+            green = pickler.dumps(orig, proto)
+            derived = unpickler.loads(green)
+            self.assertEqual(orig, derived)
+        self.assertEqual(orig.__reduce__(), orig.__reduce_ex__(2))
+
+    def test_more_pickling(self):
+        a = self.theclass(2003, 2, 7, 16, 48, 37, 444116)
+        for proto in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
+            s = pickle.dumps(a, proto)
+            b = pickle.loads(s)
+            self.assertEqual(b.year, 2003)
+            self.assertEqual(b.month, 2)
+            self.assertEqual(b.day, 7)
+
+    def test_pickling_subclass_datetime(self):
+        args = 6, 7, 23, 20, 59, 1, 64**2
+        orig = SubclassDatetime(*args)
+        for pickler, unpickler, proto in pickle_choices:
+            green = pickler.dumps(orig, proto)
+            derived = unpickler.loads(green)
+            self.assertEqual(orig, derived)
+
+    def test_more_compare(self):
+        # The test_compare() inherited from TestDate covers the error cases.
+        # We just want to test lexicographic ordering on the members datetime
+        # has that date lacks.
+        args = [2000, 11, 29, 20, 58, 16, 999998]
+        t1 = self.theclass(*args)
+        t2 = self.theclass(*args)
+        self.assertEqual(t1, t2)
+        self.assertTrue(t1 <= t2)
+        self.assertTrue(t1 >= t2)
+        self.assertFalse(t1 != t2)
+        self.assertFalse(t1 < t2)
+        self.assertFalse(t1 > t2)
+
+        for i in range(len(args)):
+            newargs = args[:]
+            newargs[i] = args[i] + 1
+            t2 = self.theclass(*newargs)   # this is larger than t1
+            self.assertTrue(t1 < t2)
+            self.assertTrue(t2 > t1)
+            self.assertTrue(t1 <= t2)
+            self.assertTrue(t2 >= t1)
+            self.assertTrue(t1 != t2)
+            self.assertTrue(t2 != t1)
+            self.assertFalse(t1 == t2)
+            self.assertFalse(t2 == t1)
+            self.assertFalse(t1 > t2)
+            self.assertFalse(t2 < t1)
+            self.assertFalse(t1 >= t2)
+            self.assertFalse(t2 <= t1)
+
+
+    # A helper for timestamp constructor tests.
+    def verify_field_equality(self, expected, got):
+        self.assertEqual(expected.tm_year, got.year)
+        self.assertEqual(expected.tm_mon, got.month)
+        self.assertEqual(expected.tm_mday, got.day)
+        self.assertEqual(expected.tm_hour, got.hour)
+        self.assertEqual(expected.tm_min, got.minute)
+        self.assertEqual(expected.tm_sec, got.second)
+
+    def test_fromtimestamp(self):
+        import time
+
+        ts = time.time()
+        expected = time.localtime(ts)
+        got = self.theclass.fromtimestamp(ts)
+        self.verify_field_equality(expected, got)
+
+    def test_utcfromtimestamp(self):
+        import time
+
+        ts = time.time()
+        expected = time.gmtime(ts)
+        got = self.theclass.utcfromtimestamp(ts)
+        self.verify_field_equality(expected, got)
+
+    # Run with US-style DST rules: DST begins 2 a.m. on second Sunday in
+    # March (M3.2.0) and ends 2 a.m. on first Sunday in November (M11.1.0).
+    @support.run_with_tz('EST+05EDT,M3.2.0,M11.1.0')
+    def test_timestamp_naive(self):
+        t = self.theclass(1970, 1, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(t.timestamp(), 18000.0)
+        t = self.theclass(1970, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4)
+        self.assertEqual(t.timestamp(),
+                         18000.0 + 3600 + 2*60 + 3 + 4*1e-6)
+        # Missing hour
+        t0 = self.theclass(2012, 3, 11, 2, 30)
+        t1 = t0.replace(fold=1)
+        self.assertEqual(self.theclass.fromtimestamp(t1.timestamp()),
+                         t0 - timedelta(hours=1))
+        self.assertEqual(self.theclass.fromtimestamp(t0.timestamp()),
+                         t1 + timedelta(hours=1))
+        # Ambiguous hour defaults to DST
+        t = self.theclass(2012, 11, 4, 1, 30)
+        self.assertEqual(self.theclass.fromtimestamp(t.timestamp()), t)
+
+        # Timestamp may raise an overflow error on some platforms
+        # XXX: Do we care to support the first and last year?
+        for t in [self.theclass(2,1,1), self.theclass(9998,12,12)]:
+            try:
+                s = t.timestamp()
+            except OverflowError:
+                pass
+            else:
+                self.assertEqual(self.theclass.fromtimestamp(s), t)
+
+    def test_timestamp_aware(self):
+        t = self.theclass(1970, 1, 1, tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+        self.assertEqual(t.timestamp(), 0.0)
+        t = self.theclass(1970, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+        self.assertEqual(t.timestamp(),
+                         3600 + 2*60 + 3 + 4*1e-6)
+        t = self.theclass(1970, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4,
+                          tzinfo=timezone(timedelta(hours=-5), 'EST'))
+        self.assertEqual(t.timestamp(),
+                         18000 + 3600 + 2*60 + 3 + 4*1e-6)
+
+    @support.run_with_tz('MSK-03')  # Something east of Greenwich
+    def test_microsecond_rounding(self):
+        for fts in [self.theclass.fromtimestamp,
+                    self.theclass.utcfromtimestamp]:
+            zero = fts(0)
+            self.assertEqual(zero.second, 0)
+            self.assertEqual(zero.microsecond, 0)
+            one = fts(1e-6)
+            try:
+                minus_one = fts(-1e-6)
+            except OSError:
+                # localtime(-1) and gmtime(-1) is not supported on Windows
+                pass
+            else:
+                self.assertEqual(minus_one.second, 59)
+                self.assertEqual(minus_one.microsecond, 999999)
+
+                t = fts(-1e-8)
+                self.assertEqual(t, zero)
+                t = fts(-9e-7)
+                self.assertEqual(t, minus_one)
+                t = fts(-1e-7)
+                self.assertEqual(t, zero)
+                t = fts(-1/2**7)
+                self.assertEqual(t.second, 59)
+                self.assertEqual(t.microsecond, 992188)
+
+            t = fts(1e-7)
+            self.assertEqual(t, zero)
+            t = fts(9e-7)
+            self.assertEqual(t, one)
+            t = fts(0.99999949)
+            self.assertEqual(t.second, 0)
+            self.assertEqual(t.microsecond, 999999)
+            t = fts(0.9999999)
+            self.assertEqual(t.second, 1)
+            self.assertEqual(t.microsecond, 0)
+            t = fts(1/2**7)
+            self.assertEqual(t.second, 0)
+            self.assertEqual(t.microsecond, 7812)
+
+    def test_timestamp_limits(self):
+        # minimum timestamp
+        min_dt = self.theclass.min.replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+        min_ts = min_dt.timestamp()
+        try:
+            # date 0001-01-01 00:00:00+00:00: timestamp=-62135596800
+            self.assertEqual(self.theclass.fromtimestamp(min_ts, tz=timezone.utc),
+                             min_dt)
+        except (OverflowError, OSError) as exc:
+            # the date 0001-01-01 doesn't fit into 32-bit time_t,
+            # or platform doesn't support such very old date
+            self.skipTest(str(exc))
+
+        # maximum timestamp: set seconds to zero to avoid rounding issues
+        max_dt = self.theclass.max.replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc,
+                                           second=0, microsecond=0)
+        max_ts = max_dt.timestamp()
+        # date 9999-12-31 23:59:00+00:00: timestamp 253402300740
+        self.assertEqual(self.theclass.fromtimestamp(max_ts, tz=timezone.utc),
+                         max_dt)
+
+        # number of seconds greater than 1 year: make sure that the new date
+        # is not valid in datetime.datetime limits
+        delta = 3600 * 24 * 400
+
+        # too small
+        ts = min_ts - delta
+        # converting a Python int to C time_t can raise a OverflowError,
+        # especially on 32-bit platforms.
+        with self.assertRaises((ValueError, OverflowError)):
+            self.theclass.fromtimestamp(ts)
+        with self.assertRaises((ValueError, OverflowError)):
+            self.theclass.utcfromtimestamp(ts)
+
+        # too big
+        ts = max_dt.timestamp() + delta
+        with self.assertRaises((ValueError, OverflowError)):
+            self.theclass.fromtimestamp(ts)
+        with self.assertRaises((ValueError, OverflowError)):
+            self.theclass.utcfromtimestamp(ts)
+
+    def test_insane_fromtimestamp(self):
+        # It's possible that some platform maps time_t to double,
+        # and that this test will fail there.  This test should
+        # exempt such platforms (provided they return reasonable
+        # results!).
+        for insane in -1e200, 1e200:
+            self.assertRaises(OverflowError, self.theclass.fromtimestamp,
+                              insane)
+
+    def test_insane_utcfromtimestamp(self):
+        # It's possible that some platform maps time_t to double,
+        # and that this test will fail there.  This test should
+        # exempt such platforms (provided they return reasonable
+        # results!).
+        for insane in -1e200, 1e200:
+            self.assertRaises(OverflowError, self.theclass.utcfromtimestamp,
+                              insane)
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(sys.platform == "win32", "Windows doesn't accept negative timestamps")
+    def test_negative_float_fromtimestamp(self):
+        # The result is tz-dependent; at least test that this doesn't
+        # fail (like it did before bug 1646728 was fixed).
+        self.theclass.fromtimestamp(-1.05)
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(sys.platform == "win32", "Windows doesn't accept negative timestamps")
+    def test_negative_float_utcfromtimestamp(self):
+        d = self.theclass.utcfromtimestamp(-1.05)
+        self.assertEqual(d, self.theclass(1969, 12, 31, 23, 59, 58, 950000))
+
+    def test_utcnow(self):
+        import time
+
+        # Call it a success if utcnow() and utcfromtimestamp() are within
+        # a second of each other.
+        tolerance = timedelta(seconds=1)
+        for dummy in range(3):
+            from_now = self.theclass.utcnow()
+            from_timestamp = self.theclass.utcfromtimestamp(time.time())
+            if abs(from_timestamp - from_now) <= tolerance:
+                break
+            # Else try again a few times.
+        self.assertLessEqual(abs(from_timestamp - from_now), tolerance)
+
+    def test_strptime(self):
+        string = '2004-12-01 13:02:47.197'
+        format = '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f'
+        expected = _strptime._strptime_datetime(self.theclass, string, format)
+        got = self.theclass.strptime(string, format)
+        self.assertEqual(expected, got)
+        self.assertIs(type(expected), self.theclass)
+        self.assertIs(type(got), self.theclass)
+
+        strptime = self.theclass.strptime
+        self.assertEqual(strptime("+0002", "%z").utcoffset(), 2 * MINUTE)
+        self.assertEqual(strptime("-0002", "%z").utcoffset(), -2 * MINUTE)
+        # Only local timezone and UTC are supported
+        for tzseconds, tzname in ((0, 'UTC'), (0, 'GMT'),
+                                 (-_time.timezone, _time.tzname[0])):
+            if tzseconds < 0:
+                sign = '-'
+                seconds = -tzseconds
+            else:
+                sign ='+'
+                seconds = tzseconds
+            hours, minutes = divmod(seconds//60, 60)
+            dtstr = "{}{:02d}{:02d} {}".format(sign, hours, minutes, tzname)
+            dt = strptime(dtstr, "%z %Z")
+            self.assertEqual(dt.utcoffset(), timedelta(seconds=tzseconds))
+            self.assertEqual(dt.tzname(), tzname)
+        # Can produce inconsistent datetime
+        dtstr, fmt = "+1234 UTC", "%z %Z"
+        dt = strptime(dtstr, fmt)
+        self.assertEqual(dt.utcoffset(), 12 * HOUR + 34 * MINUTE)
+        self.assertEqual(dt.tzname(), 'UTC')
+        # yet will roundtrip
+        self.assertEqual(dt.strftime(fmt), dtstr)
+
+        # Produce naive datetime if no %z is provided
+        self.assertEqual(strptime("UTC", "%Z").tzinfo, None)
+
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError): strptime("-2400", "%z")
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError): strptime("-000", "%z")
+
+    def test_more_timetuple(self):
+        # This tests fields beyond those tested by the TestDate.test_timetuple.
+        t = self.theclass(2004, 12, 31, 6, 22, 33)
+        self.assertEqual(t.timetuple(), (2004, 12, 31, 6, 22, 33, 4, 366, -1))
+        self.assertEqual(t.timetuple(),
+                         (t.year, t.month, t.day,
+                          t.hour, t.minute, t.second,
+                          t.weekday(),
+                          t.toordinal() - date(t.year, 1, 1).toordinal() + 1,
+                          -1))
+        tt = t.timetuple()
+        self.assertEqual(tt.tm_year, t.year)
+        self.assertEqual(tt.tm_mon, t.month)
+        self.assertEqual(tt.tm_mday, t.day)
+        self.assertEqual(tt.tm_hour, t.hour)
+        self.assertEqual(tt.tm_min, t.minute)
+        self.assertEqual(tt.tm_sec, t.second)
+        self.assertEqual(tt.tm_wday, t.weekday())
+        self.assertEqual(tt.tm_yday, t.toordinal() -
+                                     date(t.year, 1, 1).toordinal() + 1)
+        self.assertEqual(tt.tm_isdst, -1)
+
+    def test_more_strftime(self):
+        # This tests fields beyond those tested by the TestDate.test_strftime.
+        t = self.theclass(2004, 12, 31, 6, 22, 33, 47)
+        self.assertEqual(t.strftime("%m %d %y %f %S %M %H %j"),
+                                    "12 31 04 000047 33 22 06 366")
+
+    def test_extract(self):
+        dt = self.theclass(2002, 3, 4, 18, 45, 3, 1234)
+        self.assertEqual(dt.date(), date(2002, 3, 4))
+        self.assertEqual(dt.time(), time(18, 45, 3, 1234))
+
+    def test_combine(self):
+        d = date(2002, 3, 4)
+        t = time(18, 45, 3, 1234)
+        expected = self.theclass(2002, 3, 4, 18, 45, 3, 1234)
+        combine = self.theclass.combine
+        dt = combine(d, t)
+        self.assertEqual(dt, expected)
+
+        dt = combine(time=t, date=d)
+        self.assertEqual(dt, expected)
+
+        self.assertEqual(d, dt.date())
+        self.assertEqual(t, dt.time())
+        self.assertEqual(dt, combine(dt.date(), dt.time()))
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, combine) # need an arg
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, combine, d) # need two args
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, combine, t, d) # args reversed
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, combine, d, t, 1) # wrong tzinfo type
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, combine, d, t, 1, 2)  # too many args
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, combine, "date", "time") # wrong types
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, combine, d, "time") # wrong type
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, combine, "date", t) # wrong type
+
+        # tzinfo= argument
+        dt = combine(d, t, timezone.utc)
+        self.assertIs(dt.tzinfo, timezone.utc)
+        dt = combine(d, t, tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+        self.assertIs(dt.tzinfo, timezone.utc)
+        t = time()
+        dt = combine(dt, t)
+        self.assertEqual(dt.date(), d)
+        self.assertEqual(dt.time(), t)
+
+    def test_replace(self):
+        cls = self.theclass
+        args = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]
+        base = cls(*args)
+        self.assertEqual(base, base.replace())
+
+        i = 0
+        for name, newval in (("year", 2),
+                             ("month", 3),
+                             ("day", 4),
+                             ("hour", 5),
+                             ("minute", 6),
+                             ("second", 7),
+                             ("microsecond", 8)):
+            newargs = args[:]
+            newargs[i] = newval
+            expected = cls(*newargs)
+            got = base.replace(**{name: newval})
+            self.assertEqual(expected, got)
+            i += 1
+
+        # Out of bounds.
+        base = cls(2000, 2, 29)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, base.replace, year=2001)
+
+    def test_astimezone(self):
+        return  # The rest is no longer applicable
+        # Pretty boring!  The TZ test is more interesting here.  astimezone()
+        # simply can't be applied to a naive object.
+        dt = self.theclass.now()
+        f = FixedOffset(44, "")
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, dt.astimezone) # naive
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, dt.astimezone, f, f) # too many args
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, dt.astimezone, dt) # arg wrong type
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, dt.astimezone, f) # naive
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, dt.astimezone, tz=f)  # naive
+
+        class Bogus(tzinfo):
+            def utcoffset(self, dt): return None
+            def dst(self, dt): return timedelta(0)
+        bog = Bogus()
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, dt.astimezone, bog)   # naive
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError,
+                          dt.replace(tzinfo=bog).astimezone, f)
+
+        class AlsoBogus(tzinfo):
+            def utcoffset(self, dt): return timedelta(0)
+            def dst(self, dt): return None
+        alsobog = AlsoBogus()
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, dt.astimezone, alsobog) # also naive
+
+    def test_subclass_datetime(self):
+
+        class C(self.theclass):
+            theAnswer = 42
+
+            def __new__(cls, *args, **kws):
+                temp = kws.copy()
+                extra = temp.pop('extra')
+                result = self.theclass.__new__(cls, *args, **temp)
+                result.extra = extra
+                return result
+
+            def newmeth(self, start):
+                return start + self.year + self.month + self.second
+
+        args = 2003, 4, 14, 12, 13, 41
+
+        dt1 = self.theclass(*args)
+        dt2 = C(*args, **{'extra': 7})
+
+        self.assertEqual(dt2.__class__, C)
+        self.assertEqual(dt2.theAnswer, 42)
+        self.assertEqual(dt2.extra, 7)
+        self.assertEqual(dt1.toordinal(), dt2.toordinal())
+        self.assertEqual(dt2.newmeth(-7), dt1.year + dt1.month +
+                                          dt1.second - 7)
+
+class TestSubclassDateTime(TestDateTime):
+    theclass = SubclassDatetime
+    # Override tests not designed for subclass
+    @unittest.skip('not appropriate for subclasses')
+    def test_roundtrip(self):
+        pass
+
+class SubclassTime(time):
+    sub_var = 1
+
+class TestTime(HarmlessMixedComparison, unittest.TestCase):
+
+    theclass = time
+
+    def test_basic_attributes(self):
+        t = self.theclass(12, 0)
+        self.assertEqual(t.hour, 12)
+        self.assertEqual(t.minute, 0)
+        self.assertEqual(t.second, 0)
+        self.assertEqual(t.microsecond, 0)
+
+    def test_basic_attributes_nonzero(self):
+        # Make sure all attributes are non-zero so bugs in
+        # bit-shifting access show up.
+        t = self.theclass(12, 59, 59, 8000)
+        self.assertEqual(t.hour, 12)
+        self.assertEqual(t.minute, 59)
+        self.assertEqual(t.second, 59)
+        self.assertEqual(t.microsecond, 8000)
+
+    def test_roundtrip(self):
+        t = self.theclass(1, 2, 3, 4)
+
+        # Verify t -> string -> time identity.
+        s = repr(t)
+        self.assertTrue(s.startswith('datetime.'))
+        s = s[9:]
+        t2 = eval(s)
+        self.assertEqual(t, t2)
+
+        # Verify identity via reconstructing from pieces.
+        t2 = self.theclass(t.hour, t.minute, t.second,
+                           t.microsecond)
+        self.assertEqual(t, t2)
+
+    def test_comparing(self):
+        args = [1, 2, 3, 4]
+        t1 = self.theclass(*args)
+        t2 = self.theclass(*args)
+        self.assertEqual(t1, t2)
+        self.assertTrue(t1 <= t2)
+        self.assertTrue(t1 >= t2)
+        self.assertFalse(t1 != t2)
+        self.assertFalse(t1 < t2)
+        self.assertFalse(t1 > t2)
+
+        for i in range(len(args)):
+            newargs = args[:]
+            newargs[i] = args[i] + 1
+            t2 = self.theclass(*newargs)   # this is larger than t1
+            self.assertTrue(t1 < t2)
+            self.assertTrue(t2 > t1)
+            self.assertTrue(t1 <= t2)
+            self.assertTrue(t2 >= t1)
+            self.assertTrue(t1 != t2)
+            self.assertTrue(t2 != t1)
+            self.assertFalse(t1 == t2)
+            self.assertFalse(t2 == t1)
+            self.assertFalse(t1 > t2)
+            self.assertFalse(t2 < t1)
+            self.assertFalse(t1 >= t2)
+            self.assertFalse(t2 <= t1)
+
+        for badarg in OTHERSTUFF:
+            self.assertEqual(t1 == badarg, False)
+            self.assertEqual(t1 != badarg, True)
+            self.assertEqual(badarg == t1, False)
+            self.assertEqual(badarg != t1, True)
+
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: t1 <= badarg)
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: t1 < badarg)
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: t1 > badarg)
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: t1 >= badarg)
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: badarg <= t1)
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: badarg < t1)
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: badarg > t1)
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: badarg >= t1)
+
+    def test_bad_constructor_arguments(self):
+        # bad hours
+        self.theclass(0, 0)    # no exception
+        self.theclass(23, 0)   # no exception
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.theclass, -1, 0)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.theclass, 24, 0)
+        # bad minutes
+        self.theclass(23, 0)    # no exception
+        self.theclass(23, 59)   # no exception
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.theclass, 23, -1)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.theclass, 23, 60)
+        # bad seconds
+        self.theclass(23, 59, 0)    # no exception
+        self.theclass(23, 59, 59)   # no exception
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.theclass, 23, 59, -1)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.theclass, 23, 59, 60)
+        # bad microseconds
+        self.theclass(23, 59, 59, 0)        # no exception
+        self.theclass(23, 59, 59, 999999)   # no exception
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.theclass, 23, 59, 59, -1)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.theclass, 23, 59, 59, 1000000)
+
+    def test_hash_equality(self):
+        d = self.theclass(23, 30, 17)
+        e = self.theclass(23, 30, 17)
+        self.assertEqual(d, e)
+        self.assertEqual(hash(d), hash(e))
+
+        dic = {d: 1}
+        dic[e] = 2
+        self.assertEqual(len(dic), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(dic[d], 2)
+        self.assertEqual(dic[e], 2)
+
+        d = self.theclass(0,  5, 17)
+        e = self.theclass(0,  5, 17)
+        self.assertEqual(d, e)
+        self.assertEqual(hash(d), hash(e))
+
+        dic = {d: 1}
+        dic[e] = 2
+        self.assertEqual(len(dic), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(dic[d], 2)
+        self.assertEqual(dic[e], 2)
+
+    def test_isoformat(self):
+        t = self.theclass(4, 5, 1, 123)
+        self.assertEqual(t.isoformat(), "04:05:01.000123")
+        self.assertEqual(t.isoformat(), str(t))
+
+        t = self.theclass()
+        self.assertEqual(t.isoformat(), "00:00:00")
+        self.assertEqual(t.isoformat(), str(t))
+
+        t = self.theclass(microsecond=1)
+        self.assertEqual(t.isoformat(), "00:00:00.000001")
+        self.assertEqual(t.isoformat(), str(t))
+
+        t = self.theclass(microsecond=10)
+        self.assertEqual(t.isoformat(), "00:00:00.000010")
+        self.assertEqual(t.isoformat(), str(t))
+
+        t = self.theclass(microsecond=100)
+        self.assertEqual(t.isoformat(), "00:00:00.000100")
+        self.assertEqual(t.isoformat(), str(t))
+
+        t = self.theclass(microsecond=1000)
+        self.assertEqual(t.isoformat(), "00:00:00.001000")
+        self.assertEqual(t.isoformat(), str(t))
+
+        t = self.theclass(microsecond=10000)
+        self.assertEqual(t.isoformat(), "00:00:00.010000")
+        self.assertEqual(t.isoformat(), str(t))
+
+        t = self.theclass(microsecond=100000)
+        self.assertEqual(t.isoformat(), "00:00:00.100000")
+        self.assertEqual(t.isoformat(), str(t))
+
+        t = self.theclass(hour=12, minute=34, second=56, microsecond=123456)
+        self.assertEqual(t.isoformat(timespec='hours'), "12")
+        self.assertEqual(t.isoformat(timespec='minutes'), "12:34")
+        self.assertEqual(t.isoformat(timespec='seconds'), "12:34:56")
+        self.assertEqual(t.isoformat(timespec='milliseconds'), "12:34:56.123")
+        self.assertEqual(t.isoformat(timespec='microseconds'), "12:34:56.123456")
+        self.assertEqual(t.isoformat(timespec='auto'), "12:34:56.123456")
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, t.isoformat, timespec='monkey')
+
+        t = self.theclass(hour=12, minute=34, second=56, microsecond=999500)
+        self.assertEqual(t.isoformat(timespec='milliseconds'), "12:34:56.999")
+
+        t = self.theclass(hour=12, minute=34, second=56, microsecond=0)
+        self.assertEqual(t.isoformat(timespec='milliseconds'), "12:34:56.000")
+        self.assertEqual(t.isoformat(timespec='microseconds'), "12:34:56.000000")
+        self.assertEqual(t.isoformat(timespec='auto'), "12:34:56")
+
+    def test_1653736(self):
+        # verify it doesn't accept extra keyword arguments
+        t = self.theclass(second=1)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, t.isoformat, foo=3)
+
+    def test_strftime(self):
+        t = self.theclass(1, 2, 3, 4)
+        self.assertEqual(t.strftime('%H %M %S %f'), "01 02 03 000004")
+        # A naive object replaces %z and %Z with empty strings.
+        self.assertEqual(t.strftime("'%z' '%Z'"), "'' ''")
+
+    def test_format(self):
+        t = self.theclass(1, 2, 3, 4)
+        self.assertEqual(t.__format__(''), str(t))
+
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, 'must be str, not int'):
+            t.__format__(123)
+
+        # check that a derived class's __str__() gets called
+        class A(self.theclass):
+            def __str__(self):
+                return 'A'
+        a = A(1, 2, 3, 4)
+        self.assertEqual(a.__format__(''), 'A')
+
+        # check that a derived class's strftime gets called
+        class B(self.theclass):
+            def strftime(self, format_spec):
+                return 'B'
+        b = B(1, 2, 3, 4)
+        self.assertEqual(b.__format__(''), str(t))
+
+        for fmt in ['%H %M %S',
+                    ]:
+            self.assertEqual(t.__format__(fmt), t.strftime(fmt))
+            self.assertEqual(a.__format__(fmt), t.strftime(fmt))
+            self.assertEqual(b.__format__(fmt), 'B')
+
+    def test_str(self):
+        self.assertEqual(str(self.theclass(1, 2, 3, 4)), "01:02:03.000004")
+        self.assertEqual(str(self.theclass(10, 2, 3, 4000)), "10:02:03.004000")
+        self.assertEqual(str(self.theclass(0, 2, 3, 400000)), "00:02:03.400000")
+        self.assertEqual(str(self.theclass(12, 2, 3, 0)), "12:02:03")
+        self.assertEqual(str(self.theclass(23, 15, 0, 0)), "23:15:00")
+
+    def test_repr(self):
+        name = 'datetime.' + self.theclass.__name__
+        self.assertEqual(repr(self.theclass(1, 2, 3, 4)),
+                         "%s(1, 2, 3, 4)" % name)
+        self.assertEqual(repr(self.theclass(10, 2, 3, 4000)),
+                         "%s(10, 2, 3, 4000)" % name)
+        self.assertEqual(repr(self.theclass(0, 2, 3, 400000)),
+                         "%s(0, 2, 3, 400000)" % name)
+        self.assertEqual(repr(self.theclass(12, 2, 3, 0)),
+                         "%s(12, 2, 3)" % name)
+        self.assertEqual(repr(self.theclass(23, 15, 0, 0)),
+                         "%s(23, 15)" % name)
+
+    def test_resolution_info(self):
+        self.assertIsInstance(self.theclass.min, self.theclass)
+        self.assertIsInstance(self.theclass.max, self.theclass)
+        self.assertIsInstance(self.theclass.resolution, timedelta)
+        self.assertTrue(self.theclass.max > self.theclass.min)
+
+    def test_pickling(self):
+        args = 20, 59, 16, 64**2
+        orig = self.theclass(*args)
+        for pickler, unpickler, proto in pickle_choices:
+            green = pickler.dumps(orig, proto)
+            derived = unpickler.loads(green)
+            self.assertEqual(orig, derived)
+        self.assertEqual(orig.__reduce__(), orig.__reduce_ex__(2))
+
+    def test_pickling_subclass_time(self):
+        args = 20, 59, 16, 64**2
+        orig = SubclassTime(*args)
+        for pickler, unpickler, proto in pickle_choices:
+            green = pickler.dumps(orig, proto)
+            derived = unpickler.loads(green)
+            self.assertEqual(orig, derived)
+
+    def test_bool(self):
+        # time is always True.
+        cls = self.theclass
+        self.assertTrue(cls(1))
+        self.assertTrue(cls(0, 1))
+        self.assertTrue(cls(0, 0, 1))
+        self.assertTrue(cls(0, 0, 0, 1))
+        self.assertTrue(cls(0))
+        self.assertTrue(cls())
+
+    def test_replace(self):
+        cls = self.theclass
+        args = [1, 2, 3, 4]
+        base = cls(*args)
+        self.assertEqual(base, base.replace())
+
+        i = 0
+        for name, newval in (("hour", 5),
+                             ("minute", 6),
+                             ("second", 7),
+                             ("microsecond", 8)):
+            newargs = args[:]
+            newargs[i] = newval
+            expected = cls(*newargs)
+            got = base.replace(**{name: newval})
+            self.assertEqual(expected, got)
+            i += 1
+
+        # Out of bounds.
+        base = cls(1)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, base.replace, hour=24)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, base.replace, minute=-1)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, base.replace, second=100)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, base.replace, microsecond=1000000)
+
+    def test_subclass_replace(self):
+        class TimeSubclass(self.theclass):
+            pass
+
+        ctime = TimeSubclass(12, 30)
+        self.assertIs(type(ctime.replace(hour=10)), TimeSubclass)
+
+    def test_subclass_time(self):
+
+        class C(self.theclass):
+            theAnswer = 42
+
+            def __new__(cls, *args, **kws):
+                temp = kws.copy()
+                extra = temp.pop('extra')
+                result = self.theclass.__new__(cls, *args, **temp)
+                result.extra = extra
+                return result
+
+            def newmeth(self, start):
+                return start + self.hour + self.second
+
+        args = 4, 5, 6
+
+        dt1 = self.theclass(*args)
+        dt2 = C(*args, **{'extra': 7})
+
+        self.assertEqual(dt2.__class__, C)
+        self.assertEqual(dt2.theAnswer, 42)
+        self.assertEqual(dt2.extra, 7)
+        self.assertEqual(dt1.isoformat(), dt2.isoformat())
+        self.assertEqual(dt2.newmeth(-7), dt1.hour + dt1.second - 7)
+
+    def test_backdoor_resistance(self):
+        # see TestDate.test_backdoor_resistance().
+        base = '2:59.0'
+        for hour_byte in ' ', '9', chr(24), '\xff':
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.theclass,
+                                         hour_byte + base[1:])
+        # Good bytes, but bad tzinfo:
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, '^bad tzinfo state arg$'):
+            self.theclass(bytes([1] * len(base)), 'EST')
+
+# A mixin for classes with a tzinfo= argument.  Subclasses must define
+# theclass as a class attribute, and theclass(1, 1, 1, tzinfo=whatever)
+# must be legit (which is true for time and datetime).
+class TZInfoBase:
+
+    def test_argument_passing(self):
+        cls = self.theclass
+        # A datetime passes itself on, a time passes None.
+        class introspective(tzinfo):
+            def tzname(self, dt):    return dt and "real" or "none"
+            def utcoffset(self, dt):
+                return timedelta(minutes = dt and 42 or -42)
+            dst = utcoffset
+
+        obj = cls(1, 2, 3, tzinfo=introspective())
+
+        expected = cls is time and "none" or "real"
+        self.assertEqual(obj.tzname(), expected)
+
+        expected = timedelta(minutes=(cls is time and -42 or 42))
+        self.assertEqual(obj.utcoffset(), expected)
+        self.assertEqual(obj.dst(), expected)
+
+    def test_bad_tzinfo_classes(self):
+        cls = self.theclass
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cls, 1, 1, 1, tzinfo=12)
+
+        class NiceTry(object):
+            def __init__(self): pass
+            def utcoffset(self, dt): pass
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cls, 1, 1, 1, tzinfo=NiceTry)
+
+        class BetterTry(tzinfo):
+            def __init__(self): pass
+            def utcoffset(self, dt): pass
+        b = BetterTry()
+        t = cls(1, 1, 1, tzinfo=b)
+        self.assertIs(t.tzinfo, b)
+
+    def test_utc_offset_out_of_bounds(self):
+        class Edgy(tzinfo):
+            def __init__(self, offset):
+                self.offset = timedelta(minutes=offset)
+            def utcoffset(self, dt):
+                return self.offset
+
+        cls = self.theclass
+        for offset, legit in ((-1440, False),
+                              (-1439, True),
+                              (1439, True),
+                              (1440, False)):
+            if cls is time:
+                t = cls(1, 2, 3, tzinfo=Edgy(offset))
+            elif cls is datetime:
+                t = cls(6, 6, 6, 1, 2, 3, tzinfo=Edgy(offset))
+            else:
+                assert 0, "impossible"
+            if legit:
+                aofs = abs(offset)
+                h, m = divmod(aofs, 60)
+                tag = "%c%02d:%02d" % (offset < 0 and '-' or '+', h, m)
+                if isinstance(t, datetime):
+                    t = t.timetz()
+                self.assertEqual(str(t), "01:02:03" + tag)
+            else:
+                self.assertRaises(ValueError, str, t)
+
+    def test_tzinfo_classes(self):
+        cls = self.theclass
+        class C1(tzinfo):
+            def utcoffset(self, dt): return None
+            def dst(self, dt): return None
+            def tzname(self, dt): return None
+        for t in (cls(1, 1, 1),
+                  cls(1, 1, 1, tzinfo=None),
+                  cls(1, 1, 1, tzinfo=C1())):
+            self.assertIsNone(t.utcoffset())
+            self.assertIsNone(t.dst())
+            self.assertIsNone(t.tzname())
+
+        class C3(tzinfo):
+            def utcoffset(self, dt): return timedelta(minutes=-1439)
+            def dst(self, dt): return timedelta(minutes=1439)
+            def tzname(self, dt): return "aname"
+        t = cls(1, 1, 1, tzinfo=C3())
+        self.assertEqual(t.utcoffset(), timedelta(minutes=-1439))
+        self.assertEqual(t.dst(), timedelta(minutes=1439))
+        self.assertEqual(t.tzname(), "aname")
+
+        # Wrong types.
+        class C4(tzinfo):
+            def utcoffset(self, dt): return "aname"
+            def dst(self, dt): return 7
+            def tzname(self, dt): return 0
+        t = cls(1, 1, 1, tzinfo=C4())
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, t.utcoffset)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, t.dst)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, t.tzname)
+
+        # Offset out of range.
+        class C6(tzinfo):
+            def utcoffset(self, dt): return timedelta(hours=-24)
+            def dst(self, dt): return timedelta(hours=24)
+        t = cls(1, 1, 1, tzinfo=C6())
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, t.utcoffset)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, t.dst)
+
+        # Not a whole number of seconds.
+        class C7(tzinfo):
+            def utcoffset(self, dt): return timedelta(microseconds=61)
+            def dst(self, dt): return timedelta(microseconds=-81)
+        t = cls(1, 1, 1, tzinfo=C7())
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, t.utcoffset)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, t.dst)
+
+    def test_aware_compare(self):
+        cls = self.theclass
+
+        # Ensure that utcoffset() gets ignored if the comparands have
+        # the same tzinfo member.
+        class OperandDependentOffset(tzinfo):
+            def utcoffset(self, t):
+                if t.minute < 10:
+                    # d0 and d1 equal after adjustment
+                    return timedelta(minutes=t.minute)
+                else:
+                    # d2 off in the weeds
+                    return timedelta(minutes=59)
+
+        base = cls(8, 9, 10, tzinfo=OperandDependentOffset())
+        d0 = base.replace(minute=3)
+        d1 = base.replace(minute=9)
+        d2 = base.replace(minute=11)
+        for x in d0, d1, d2:
+            for y in d0, d1, d2:
+                for op in lt, le, gt, ge, eq, ne:
+                    got = op(x, y)
+                    expected = op(x.minute, y.minute)
+                    self.assertEqual(got, expected)
+
+        # However, if they're different members, uctoffset is not ignored.
+        # Note that a time can't actually have an operand-depedent offset,
+        # though (and time.utcoffset() passes None to tzinfo.utcoffset()),
+        # so skip this test for time.
+        if cls is not time:
+            d0 = base.replace(minute=3, tzinfo=OperandDependentOffset())
+            d1 = base.replace(minute=9, tzinfo=OperandDependentOffset())
+            d2 = base.replace(minute=11, tzinfo=OperandDependentOffset())
+            for x in d0, d1, d2:
+                for y in d0, d1, d2:
+                    got = (x > y) - (x < y)
+                    if (x is d0 or x is d1) and (y is d0 or y is d1):
+                        expected = 0
+                    elif x is y is d2:
+                        expected = 0
+                    elif x is d2:
+                        expected = -1
+                    else:
+                        assert y is d2
+                        expected = 1
+                    self.assertEqual(got, expected)
+
+
+# Testing time objects with a non-None tzinfo.
+class TestTimeTZ(TestTime, TZInfoBase, unittest.TestCase):
+    theclass = time
+
+    def test_empty(self):
+        t = self.theclass()
+        self.assertEqual(t.hour, 0)
+        self.assertEqual(t.minute, 0)
+        self.assertEqual(t.second, 0)
+        self.assertEqual(t.microsecond, 0)
+        self.assertIsNone(t.tzinfo)
+
+    def test_zones(self):
+        est = FixedOffset(-300, "EST", 1)
+        utc = FixedOffset(0, "UTC", -2)
+        met = FixedOffset(60, "MET", 3)
+        t1 = time( 7, 47, tzinfo=est)
+        t2 = time(12, 47, tzinfo=utc)
+        t3 = time(13, 47, tzinfo=met)
+        t4 = time(microsecond=40)
+        t5 = time(microsecond=40, tzinfo=utc)
+
+        self.assertEqual(t1.tzinfo, est)
+        self.assertEqual(t2.tzinfo, utc)
+        self.assertEqual(t3.tzinfo, met)
+        self.assertIsNone(t4.tzinfo)
+        self.assertEqual(t5.tzinfo, utc)
+
+        self.assertEqual(t1.utcoffset(), timedelta(minutes=-300))
+        self.assertEqual(t2.utcoffset(), timedelta(minutes=0))
+        self.assertEqual(t3.utcoffset(), timedelta(minutes=60))
+        self.assertIsNone(t4.utcoffset())
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, t1.utcoffset, "no args")
+
+        self.assertEqual(t1.tzname(), "EST")
+        self.assertEqual(t2.tzname(), "UTC")
+        self.assertEqual(t3.tzname(), "MET")
+        self.assertIsNone(t4.tzname())
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, t1.tzname, "no args")
+
+        self.assertEqual(t1.dst(), timedelta(minutes=1))
+        self.assertEqual(t2.dst(), timedelta(minutes=-2))
+        self.assertEqual(t3.dst(), timedelta(minutes=3))
+        self.assertIsNone(t4.dst())
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, t1.dst, "no args")
+
+        self.assertEqual(hash(t1), hash(t2))
+        self.assertEqual(hash(t1), hash(t3))
+        self.assertEqual(hash(t2), hash(t3))
+
+        self.assertEqual(t1, t2)
+        self.assertEqual(t1, t3)
+        self.assertEqual(t2, t3)
+        self.assertNotEqual(t4, t5) # mixed tz-aware & naive
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: t4 < t5) # mixed tz-aware & naive
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: t5 < t4) # mixed tz-aware & naive
+
+        self.assertEqual(str(t1), "07:47:00-05:00")
+        self.assertEqual(str(t2), "12:47:00+00:00")
+        self.assertEqual(str(t3), "13:47:00+01:00")
+        self.assertEqual(str(t4), "00:00:00.000040")
+        self.assertEqual(str(t5), "00:00:00.000040+00:00")
+
+        self.assertEqual(t1.isoformat(), "07:47:00-05:00")
+        self.assertEqual(t2.isoformat(), "12:47:00+00:00")
+        self.assertEqual(t3.isoformat(), "13:47:00+01:00")
+        self.assertEqual(t4.isoformat(), "00:00:00.000040")
+        self.assertEqual(t5.isoformat(), "00:00:00.000040+00:00")
+
+        d = 'datetime.time'
+        self.assertEqual(repr(t1), d + "(7, 47, tzinfo=est)")
+        self.assertEqual(repr(t2), d + "(12, 47, tzinfo=utc)")
+        self.assertEqual(repr(t3), d + "(13, 47, tzinfo=met)")
+        self.assertEqual(repr(t4), d + "(0, 0, 0, 40)")
+        self.assertEqual(repr(t5), d + "(0, 0, 0, 40, tzinfo=utc)")
+
+        self.assertEqual(t1.strftime("%H:%M:%S %%Z=%Z %%z=%z"),
+                                     "07:47:00 %Z=EST %z=-0500")
+        self.assertEqual(t2.strftime("%H:%M:%S %Z %z"), "12:47:00 UTC +0000")
+        self.assertEqual(t3.strftime("%H:%M:%S %Z %z"), "13:47:00 MET +0100")
+
+        yuck = FixedOffset(-1439, "%z %Z %%z%%Z")
+        t1 = time(23, 59, tzinfo=yuck)
+        self.assertEqual(t1.strftime("%H:%M %%Z='%Z' %%z='%z'"),
+                                     "23:59 %Z='%z %Z %%z%%Z' %z='-2359'")
+
+        # Check that an invalid tzname result raises an exception.
+        class Badtzname(tzinfo):
+            tz = 42
+            def tzname(self, dt): return self.tz
+        t = time(2, 3, 4, tzinfo=Badtzname())
+        self.assertEqual(t.strftime("%H:%M:%S"), "02:03:04")
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, t.strftime, "%Z")
+
+        # Issue #6697:
+        if '_Fast' in self.__class__.__name__:
+            Badtzname.tz = '\ud800'
+            self.assertRaises(ValueError, t.strftime, "%Z")
+
+    def test_hash_edge_cases(self):
+        # Offsets that overflow a basic time.
+        t1 = self.theclass(0, 1, 2, 3, tzinfo=FixedOffset(1439, ""))
+        t2 = self.theclass(0, 0, 2, 3, tzinfo=FixedOffset(1438, ""))
+        self.assertEqual(hash(t1), hash(t2))
+
+        t1 = self.theclass(23, 58, 6, 100, tzinfo=FixedOffset(-1000, ""))
+        t2 = self.theclass(23, 48, 6, 100, tzinfo=FixedOffset(-1010, ""))
+        self.assertEqual(hash(t1), hash(t2))
+
+    def test_pickling(self):
+        # Try one without a tzinfo.
+        args = 20, 59, 16, 64**2
+        orig = self.theclass(*args)
+        for pickler, unpickler, proto in pickle_choices:
+            green = pickler.dumps(orig, proto)
+            derived = unpickler.loads(green)
+            self.assertEqual(orig, derived)
+        self.assertEqual(orig.__reduce__(), orig.__reduce_ex__(2))
+
+        # Try one with a tzinfo.
+        tinfo = PicklableFixedOffset(-300, 'cookie')
+        orig = self.theclass(5, 6, 7, tzinfo=tinfo)
+        for pickler, unpickler, proto in pickle_choices:
+            green = pickler.dumps(orig, proto)
+            derived = unpickler.loads(green)
+            self.assertEqual(orig, derived)
+            self.assertIsInstance(derived.tzinfo, PicklableFixedOffset)
+            self.assertEqual(derived.utcoffset(), timedelta(minutes=-300))
+            self.assertEqual(derived.tzname(), 'cookie')
+        self.assertEqual(orig.__reduce__(), orig.__reduce_ex__(2))
+
+    def test_more_bool(self):
+        # time is always True.
+        cls = self.theclass
+
+        t = cls(0, tzinfo=FixedOffset(-300, ""))
+        self.assertTrue(t)
+
+        t = cls(5, tzinfo=FixedOffset(-300, ""))
+        self.assertTrue(t)
+
+        t = cls(5, tzinfo=FixedOffset(300, ""))
+        self.assertTrue(t)
+
+        t = cls(23, 59, tzinfo=FixedOffset(23*60 + 59, ""))
+        self.assertTrue(t)
+
+    def test_replace(self):
+        cls = self.theclass
+        z100 = FixedOffset(100, "+100")
+        zm200 = FixedOffset(timedelta(minutes=-200), "-200")
+        args = [1, 2, 3, 4, z100]
+        base = cls(*args)
+        self.assertEqual(base, base.replace())
+
+        i = 0
+        for name, newval in (("hour", 5),
+                             ("minute", 6),
+                             ("second", 7),
+                             ("microsecond", 8),
+                             ("tzinfo", zm200)):
+            newargs = args[:]
+            newargs[i] = newval
+            expected = cls(*newargs)
+            got = base.replace(**{name: newval})
+            self.assertEqual(expected, got)
+            i += 1
+
+        # Ensure we can get rid of a tzinfo.
+        self.assertEqual(base.tzname(), "+100")
+        base2 = base.replace(tzinfo=None)
+        self.assertIsNone(base2.tzinfo)
+        self.assertIsNone(base2.tzname())
+
+        # Ensure we can add one.
+        base3 = base2.replace(tzinfo=z100)
+        self.assertEqual(base, base3)
+        self.assertIs(base.tzinfo, base3.tzinfo)
+
+        # Out of bounds.
+        base = cls(1)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, base.replace, hour=24)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, base.replace, minute=-1)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, base.replace, second=100)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, base.replace, microsecond=1000000)
+
+    def test_mixed_compare(self):
+        t1 = time(1, 2, 3)
+        t2 = time(1, 2, 3)
+        self.assertEqual(t1, t2)
+        t2 = t2.replace(tzinfo=None)
+        self.assertEqual(t1, t2)
+        t2 = t2.replace(tzinfo=FixedOffset(None, ""))
+        self.assertEqual(t1, t2)
+        t2 = t2.replace(tzinfo=FixedOffset(0, ""))
+        self.assertNotEqual(t1, t2)
+
+        # In time w/ identical tzinfo objects, utcoffset is ignored.
+        class Varies(tzinfo):
+            def __init__(self):
+                self.offset = timedelta(minutes=22)
+            def utcoffset(self, t):
+                self.offset += timedelta(minutes=1)
+                return self.offset
+
+        v = Varies()
+        t1 = t2.replace(tzinfo=v)
+        t2 = t2.replace(tzinfo=v)
+        self.assertEqual(t1.utcoffset(), timedelta(minutes=23))
+        self.assertEqual(t2.utcoffset(), timedelta(minutes=24))
+        self.assertEqual(t1, t2)
+
+        # But if they're not identical, it isn't ignored.
+        t2 = t2.replace(tzinfo=Varies())
+        self.assertTrue(t1 < t2)  # t1's offset counter still going up
+
+    def test_subclass_timetz(self):
+
+        class C(self.theclass):
+            theAnswer = 42
+
+            def __new__(cls, *args, **kws):
+                temp = kws.copy()
+                extra = temp.pop('extra')
+                result = self.theclass.__new__(cls, *args, **temp)
+                result.extra = extra
+                return result
+
+            def newmeth(self, start):
+                return start + self.hour + self.second
+
+        args = 4, 5, 6, 500, FixedOffset(-300, "EST", 1)
+
+        dt1 = self.theclass(*args)
+        dt2 = C(*args, **{'extra': 7})
+
+        self.assertEqual(dt2.__class__, C)
+        self.assertEqual(dt2.theAnswer, 42)
+        self.assertEqual(dt2.extra, 7)
+        self.assertEqual(dt1.utcoffset(), dt2.utcoffset())
+        self.assertEqual(dt2.newmeth(-7), dt1.hour + dt1.second - 7)
+
+
+# Testing datetime objects with a non-None tzinfo.
+
+class TestDateTimeTZ(TestDateTime, TZInfoBase, unittest.TestCase):
+    theclass = datetime
+
+    def test_trivial(self):
+        dt = self.theclass(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7)
+        self.assertEqual(dt.year, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(dt.month, 2)
+        self.assertEqual(dt.day, 3)
+        self.assertEqual(dt.hour, 4)
+        self.assertEqual(dt.minute, 5)
+        self.assertEqual(dt.second, 6)
+        self.assertEqual(dt.microsecond, 7)
+        self.assertEqual(dt.tzinfo, None)
+
+    def test_even_more_compare(self):
+        # The test_compare() and test_more_compare() inherited from TestDate
+        # and TestDateTime covered non-tzinfo cases.
+
+        # Smallest possible after UTC adjustment.
+        t1 = self.theclass(1, 1, 1, tzinfo=FixedOffset(1439, ""))
+        # Largest possible after UTC adjustment.
+        t2 = self.theclass(MAXYEAR, 12, 31, 23, 59, 59, 999999,
+                           tzinfo=FixedOffset(-1439, ""))
+
+        # Make sure those compare correctly, and w/o overflow.
+        self.assertTrue(t1 < t2)
+        self.assertTrue(t1 != t2)
+        self.assertTrue(t2 > t1)
+
+        self.assertEqual(t1, t1)
+        self.assertEqual(t2, t2)
+
+        # Equal afer adjustment.
+        t1 = self.theclass(1, 12, 31, 23, 59, tzinfo=FixedOffset(1, ""))
+        t2 = self.theclass(2, 1, 1, 3, 13, tzinfo=FixedOffset(3*60+13+2, ""))
+        self.assertEqual(t1, t2)
+
+        # Change t1 not to subtract a minute, and t1 should be larger.
+        t1 = self.theclass(1, 12, 31, 23, 59, tzinfo=FixedOffset(0, ""))
+        self.assertTrue(t1 > t2)
+
+        # Change t1 to subtract 2 minutes, and t1 should be smaller.
+        t1 = self.theclass(1, 12, 31, 23, 59, tzinfo=FixedOffset(2, ""))
+        self.assertTrue(t1 < t2)
+
+        # Back to the original t1, but make seconds resolve it.
+        t1 = self.theclass(1, 12, 31, 23, 59, tzinfo=FixedOffset(1, ""),
+                           second=1)
+        self.assertTrue(t1 > t2)
+
+        # Likewise, but make microseconds resolve it.
+        t1 = self.theclass(1, 12, 31, 23, 59, tzinfo=FixedOffset(1, ""),
+                           microsecond=1)
+        self.assertTrue(t1 > t2)
+
+        # Make t2 naive and it should differ.
+        t2 = self.theclass.min
+        self.assertNotEqual(t1, t2)
+        self.assertEqual(t2, t2)
+
+        # It's also naive if it has tzinfo but tzinfo.utcoffset() is None.
+        class Naive(tzinfo):
+            def utcoffset(self, dt): return None
+        t2 = self.theclass(5, 6, 7, tzinfo=Naive())
+        self.assertNotEqual(t1, t2)
+        self.assertEqual(t2, t2)
+
+        # OTOH, it's OK to compare two of these mixing the two ways of being
+        # naive.
+        t1 = self.theclass(5, 6, 7)
+        self.assertEqual(t1, t2)
+
+        # Try a bogus uctoffset.
+        class Bogus(tzinfo):
+            def utcoffset(self, dt):
+                return timedelta(minutes=1440) # out of bounds
+        t1 = self.theclass(2, 2, 2, tzinfo=Bogus())
+        t2 = self.theclass(2, 2, 2, tzinfo=FixedOffset(0, ""))
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, lambda: t1 == t2)
+
+    def test_pickling(self):
+        # Try one without a tzinfo.
+        args = 6, 7, 23, 20, 59, 1, 64**2
+        orig = self.theclass(*args)
+        for pickler, unpickler, proto in pickle_choices:
+            green = pickler.dumps(orig, proto)
+            derived = unpickler.loads(green)
+            self.assertEqual(orig, derived)
+        self.assertEqual(orig.__reduce__(), orig.__reduce_ex__(2))
+
+        # Try one with a tzinfo.
+        tinfo = PicklableFixedOffset(-300, 'cookie')
+        orig = self.theclass(*args, **{'tzinfo': tinfo})
+        derived = self.theclass(1, 1, 1, tzinfo=FixedOffset(0, "", 0))
+        for pickler, unpickler, proto in pickle_choices:
+            green = pickler.dumps(orig, proto)
+            derived = unpickler.loads(green)
+            self.assertEqual(orig, derived)
+            self.assertIsInstance(derived.tzinfo, PicklableFixedOffset)
+            self.assertEqual(derived.utcoffset(), timedelta(minutes=-300))
+            self.assertEqual(derived.tzname(), 'cookie')
+        self.assertEqual(orig.__reduce__(), orig.__reduce_ex__(2))
+
+    def test_extreme_hashes(self):
+        # If an attempt is made to hash these via subtracting the offset
+        # then hashing a datetime object, OverflowError results.  The
+        # Python implementation used to blow up here.
+        t = self.theclass(1, 1, 1, tzinfo=FixedOffset(1439, ""))
+        hash(t)
+        t = self.theclass(MAXYEAR, 12, 31, 23, 59, 59, 999999,
+                          tzinfo=FixedOffset(-1439, ""))
+        hash(t)
+
+        # OTOH, an OOB offset should blow up.
+        t = self.theclass(5, 5, 5, tzinfo=FixedOffset(-1440, ""))
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, hash, t)
+
+    def test_zones(self):
+        est = FixedOffset(-300, "EST")
+        utc = FixedOffset(0, "UTC")
+        met = FixedOffset(60, "MET")
+        t1 = datetime(2002, 3, 19,  7, 47, tzinfo=est)
+        t2 = datetime(2002, 3, 19, 12, 47, tzinfo=utc)
+        t3 = datetime(2002, 3, 19, 13, 47, tzinfo=met)
+        self.assertEqual(t1.tzinfo, est)
+        self.assertEqual(t2.tzinfo, utc)
+        self.assertEqual(t3.tzinfo, met)
+        self.assertEqual(t1.utcoffset(), timedelta(minutes=-300))
+        self.assertEqual(t2.utcoffset(), timedelta(minutes=0))
+        self.assertEqual(t3.utcoffset(), timedelta(minutes=60))
+        self.assertEqual(t1.tzname(), "EST")
+        self.assertEqual(t2.tzname(), "UTC")
+        self.assertEqual(t3.tzname(), "MET")
+        self.assertEqual(hash(t1), hash(t2))
+        self.assertEqual(hash(t1), hash(t3))
+        self.assertEqual(hash(t2), hash(t3))
+        self.assertEqual(t1, t2)
+        self.assertEqual(t1, t3)
+        self.assertEqual(t2, t3)
+        self.assertEqual(str(t1), "2002-03-19 07:47:00-05:00")
+        self.assertEqual(str(t2), "2002-03-19 12:47:00+00:00")
+        self.assertEqual(str(t3), "2002-03-19 13:47:00+01:00")
+        d = 'datetime.datetime(2002, 3, 19, '
+        self.assertEqual(repr(t1), d + "7, 47, tzinfo=est)")
+        self.assertEqual(repr(t2), d + "12, 47, tzinfo=utc)")
+        self.assertEqual(repr(t3), d + "13, 47, tzinfo=met)")
+
+    def test_combine(self):
+        met = FixedOffset(60, "MET")
+        d = date(2002, 3, 4)
+        tz = time(18, 45, 3, 1234, tzinfo=met)
+        dt = datetime.combine(d, tz)
+        self.assertEqual(dt, datetime(2002, 3, 4, 18, 45, 3, 1234,
+                                        tzinfo=met))
+
+    def test_extract(self):
+        met = FixedOffset(60, "MET")
+        dt = self.theclass(2002, 3, 4, 18, 45, 3, 1234, tzinfo=met)
+        self.assertEqual(dt.date(), date(2002, 3, 4))
+        self.assertEqual(dt.time(), time(18, 45, 3, 1234))
+        self.assertEqual(dt.timetz(), time(18, 45, 3, 1234, tzinfo=met))
+
+    def test_tz_aware_arithmetic(self):
+        import random
+
+        now = self.theclass.now()
+        tz55 = FixedOffset(-330, "west 5:30")
+        timeaware = now.time().replace(tzinfo=tz55)
+        nowaware = self.theclass.combine(now.date(), timeaware)
+        self.assertIs(nowaware.tzinfo, tz55)
+        self.assertEqual(nowaware.timetz(), timeaware)
+
+        # Can't mix aware and non-aware.
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: now - nowaware)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: nowaware - now)
+
+        # And adding datetime's doesn't make sense, aware or not.
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: now + nowaware)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: nowaware + now)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: nowaware + nowaware)
+
+        # Subtracting should yield 0.
+        self.assertEqual(now - now, timedelta(0))
+        self.assertEqual(nowaware - nowaware, timedelta(0))
+
+        # Adding a delta should preserve tzinfo.
+        delta = timedelta(weeks=1, minutes=12, microseconds=5678)
+        nowawareplus = nowaware + delta
+        self.assertIs(nowaware.tzinfo, tz55)
+        nowawareplus2 = delta + nowaware
+        self.assertIs(nowawareplus2.tzinfo, tz55)
+        self.assertEqual(nowawareplus, nowawareplus2)
+
+        # that - delta should be what we started with, and that - what we
+        # started with should be delta.
+        diff = nowawareplus - delta
+        self.assertIs(diff.tzinfo, tz55)
+        self.assertEqual(nowaware, diff)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: delta - nowawareplus)
+        self.assertEqual(nowawareplus - nowaware, delta)
+
+        # Make up a random timezone.
+        tzr = FixedOffset(random.randrange(-1439, 1440), "randomtimezone")
+        # Attach it to nowawareplus.
+        nowawareplus = nowawareplus.replace(tzinfo=tzr)
+        self.assertIs(nowawareplus.tzinfo, tzr)
+        # Make sure the difference takes the timezone adjustments into account.
+        got = nowaware - nowawareplus
+        # Expected:  (nowaware base - nowaware offset) -
+        #            (nowawareplus base - nowawareplus offset) =
+        #            (nowaware base - nowawareplus base) +
+        #            (nowawareplus offset - nowaware offset) =
+        #            -delta + nowawareplus offset - nowaware offset
+        expected = nowawareplus.utcoffset() - nowaware.utcoffset() - delta
+        self.assertEqual(got, expected)
+
+        # Try max possible difference.
+        min = self.theclass(1, 1, 1, tzinfo=FixedOffset(1439, "min"))
+        max = self.theclass(MAXYEAR, 12, 31, 23, 59, 59, 999999,
+                            tzinfo=FixedOffset(-1439, "max"))
+        maxdiff = max - min
+        self.assertEqual(maxdiff, self.theclass.max - self.theclass.min +
+                                  timedelta(minutes=2*1439))
+        # Different tzinfo, but the same offset
+        tza = timezone(HOUR, 'A')
+        tzb = timezone(HOUR, 'B')
+        delta = min.replace(tzinfo=tza) - max.replace(tzinfo=tzb)
+        self.assertEqual(delta, self.theclass.min - self.theclass.max)
+
+    def test_tzinfo_now(self):
+        meth = self.theclass.now
+        # Ensure it doesn't require tzinfo (i.e., that this doesn't blow up).
+        base = meth()
+        # Try with and without naming the keyword.
+        off42 = FixedOffset(42, "42")
+        another = meth(off42)
+        again = meth(tz=off42)
+        self.assertIs(another.tzinfo, again.tzinfo)
+        self.assertEqual(another.utcoffset(), timedelta(minutes=42))
+        # Bad argument with and w/o naming the keyword.
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, meth, 16)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, meth, tzinfo=16)
+        # Bad keyword name.
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, meth, tinfo=off42)
+        # Too many args.
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, meth, off42, off42)
+
+        # We don't know which time zone we're in, and don't have a tzinfo
+        # class to represent it, so seeing whether a tz argument actually
+        # does a conversion is tricky.
+        utc = FixedOffset(0, "utc", 0)
+        for weirdtz in [FixedOffset(timedelta(hours=15, minutes=58), "weirdtz", 0),
+                        timezone(timedelta(hours=15, minutes=58), "weirdtz"),]:
+            for dummy in range(3):
+                now = datetime.now(weirdtz)
+                self.assertIs(now.tzinfo, weirdtz)
+                utcnow = datetime.utcnow().replace(tzinfo=utc)
+                now2 = utcnow.astimezone(weirdtz)
+                if abs(now - now2) < timedelta(seconds=30):
+                    break
+                # Else the code is broken, or more than 30 seconds passed between
+                # calls; assuming the latter, just try again.
+            else:
+                # Three strikes and we're out.
+                self.fail("utcnow(), now(tz), or astimezone() may be broken")
+
+    def test_tzinfo_fromtimestamp(self):
+        import time
+        meth = self.theclass.fromtimestamp
+        ts = time.time()
+        # Ensure it doesn't require tzinfo (i.e., that this doesn't blow up).
+        base = meth(ts)
+        # Try with and without naming the keyword.
+        off42 = FixedOffset(42, "42")
+        another = meth(ts, off42)
+        again = meth(ts, tz=off42)
+        self.assertIs(another.tzinfo, again.tzinfo)
+        self.assertEqual(another.utcoffset(), timedelta(minutes=42))
+        # Bad argument with and w/o naming the keyword.
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, meth, ts, 16)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, meth, ts, tzinfo=16)
+        # Bad keyword name.
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, meth, ts, tinfo=off42)
+        # Too many args.
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, meth, ts, off42, off42)
+        # Too few args.
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, meth)
+
+        # Try to make sure tz= actually does some conversion.
+        timestamp = 1000000000
+        utcdatetime = datetime.utcfromtimestamp(timestamp)
+        # In POSIX (epoch 1970), that's 2001-09-09 01:46:40 UTC, give or take.
+        # But on some flavor of Mac, it's nowhere near that.  So we can't have
+        # any idea here what time that actually is, we can only test that
+        # relative changes match.
+        utcoffset = timedelta(hours=-15, minutes=39) # arbitrary, but not zero
+        tz = FixedOffset(utcoffset, "tz", 0)
+        expected = utcdatetime + utcoffset
+        got = datetime.fromtimestamp(timestamp, tz)
+        self.assertEqual(expected, got.replace(tzinfo=None))
+
+    def test_tzinfo_utcnow(self):
+        meth = self.theclass.utcnow
+        # Ensure it doesn't require tzinfo (i.e., that this doesn't blow up).
+        base = meth()
+        # Try with and without naming the keyword; for whatever reason,
+        # utcnow() doesn't accept a tzinfo argument.
+        off42 = FixedOffset(42, "42")
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, meth, off42)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, meth, tzinfo=off42)
+
+    def test_tzinfo_utcfromtimestamp(self):
+        import time
+        meth = self.theclass.utcfromtimestamp
+        ts = time.time()
+        # Ensure it doesn't require tzinfo (i.e., that this doesn't blow up).
+        base = meth(ts)
+        # Try with and without naming the keyword; for whatever reason,
+        # utcfromtimestamp() doesn't accept a tzinfo argument.
+        off42 = FixedOffset(42, "42")
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, meth, ts, off42)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, meth, ts, tzinfo=off42)
+
+    def test_tzinfo_timetuple(self):
+        # TestDateTime tested most of this.  datetime adds a twist to the
+        # DST flag.
+        class DST(tzinfo):
+            def __init__(self, dstvalue):
+                if isinstance(dstvalue, int):
+                    dstvalue = timedelta(minutes=dstvalue)
+                self.dstvalue = dstvalue
+            def dst(self, dt):
+                return self.dstvalue
+
+        cls = self.theclass
+        for dstvalue, flag in (-33, 1), (33, 1), (0, 0), (None, -1):
+            d = cls(1, 1, 1, 10, 20, 30, 40, tzinfo=DST(dstvalue))
+            t = d.timetuple()
+            self.assertEqual(1, t.tm_year)
+            self.assertEqual(1, t.tm_mon)
+            self.assertEqual(1, t.tm_mday)
+            self.assertEqual(10, t.tm_hour)
+            self.assertEqual(20, t.tm_min)
+            self.assertEqual(30, t.tm_sec)
+            self.assertEqual(0, t.tm_wday)
+            self.assertEqual(1, t.tm_yday)
+            self.assertEqual(flag, t.tm_isdst)
+
+        # dst() returns wrong type.
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, cls(1, 1, 1, tzinfo=DST("x")).timetuple)
+
+        # dst() at the edge.
+        self.assertEqual(cls(1,1,1, tzinfo=DST(1439)).timetuple().tm_isdst, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(cls(1,1,1, tzinfo=DST(-1439)).timetuple().tm_isdst, 1)
+
+        # dst() out of range.
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, cls(1,1,1, tzinfo=DST(1440)).timetuple)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, cls(1,1,1, tzinfo=DST(-1440)).timetuple)
+
+    def test_utctimetuple(self):
+        class DST(tzinfo):
+            def __init__(self, dstvalue=0):
+                if isinstance(dstvalue, int):
+                    dstvalue = timedelta(minutes=dstvalue)
+                self.dstvalue = dstvalue
+            def dst(self, dt):
+                return self.dstvalue
+
+        cls = self.theclass
+        # This can't work:  DST didn't implement utcoffset.
+        self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError,
+                          cls(1, 1, 1, tzinfo=DST(0)).utcoffset)
+
+        class UOFS(DST):
+            def __init__(self, uofs, dofs=None):
+                DST.__init__(self, dofs)
+                self.uofs = timedelta(minutes=uofs)
+            def utcoffset(self, dt):
+                return self.uofs
+
+        for dstvalue in -33, 33, 0, None:
+            d = cls(1, 2, 3, 10, 20, 30, 40, tzinfo=UOFS(-53, dstvalue))
+            t = d.utctimetuple()
+            self.assertEqual(d.year, t.tm_year)
+            self.assertEqual(d.month, t.tm_mon)
+            self.assertEqual(d.day, t.tm_mday)
+            self.assertEqual(11, t.tm_hour) # 20mm + 53mm = 1hn + 13mm
+            self.assertEqual(13, t.tm_min)
+            self.assertEqual(d.second, t.tm_sec)
+            self.assertEqual(d.weekday(), t.tm_wday)
+            self.assertEqual(d.toordinal() - date(1, 1, 1).toordinal() + 1,
+                             t.tm_yday)
+            # Ensure tm_isdst is 0 regardless of what dst() says: DST
+            # is never in effect for a UTC time.
+            self.assertEqual(0, t.tm_isdst)
+
+        # For naive datetime, utctimetuple == timetuple except for isdst
+        d = cls(1, 2, 3, 10, 20, 30, 40)
+        t = d.utctimetuple()
+        self.assertEqual(t[:-1], d.timetuple()[:-1])
+        self.assertEqual(0, t.tm_isdst)
+        # Same if utcoffset is None
+        class NOFS(DST):
+            def utcoffset(self, dt):
+                return None
+        d = cls(1, 2, 3, 10, 20, 30, 40, tzinfo=NOFS())
+        t = d.utctimetuple()
+        self.assertEqual(t[:-1], d.timetuple()[:-1])
+        self.assertEqual(0, t.tm_isdst)
+        # Check that bad tzinfo is detected
+        class BOFS(DST):
+            def utcoffset(self, dt):
+                return "EST"
+        d = cls(1, 2, 3, 10, 20, 30, 40, tzinfo=BOFS())
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, d.utctimetuple)
+
+        # Check that utctimetuple() is the same as
+        # astimezone(utc).timetuple()
+        d = cls(2010, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 171819)
+        for tz in [timezone.min, timezone.utc, timezone.max]:
+            dtz = d.replace(tzinfo=tz)
+            self.assertEqual(dtz.utctimetuple()[:-1],
+                             dtz.astimezone(timezone.utc).timetuple()[:-1])
+        # At the edges, UTC adjustment can produce years out-of-range
+        # for a datetime object.  Ensure that an OverflowError is
+        # raised.
+        tiny = cls(MINYEAR, 1, 1, 0, 0, 37, tzinfo=UOFS(1439))
+        # That goes back 1 minute less than a full day.
+        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, tiny.utctimetuple)
+
+        huge = cls(MAXYEAR, 12, 31, 23, 59, 37, 999999, tzinfo=UOFS(-1439))
+        # That goes forward 1 minute less than a full day.
+        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, huge.utctimetuple)
+        # More overflow cases
+        tiny = cls.min.replace(tzinfo=timezone(MINUTE))
+        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, tiny.utctimetuple)
+        huge = cls.max.replace(tzinfo=timezone(-MINUTE))
+        self.assertRaises(OverflowError, huge.utctimetuple)
+
+    def test_tzinfo_isoformat(self):
+        zero = FixedOffset(0, "+00:00")
+        plus = FixedOffset(220, "+03:40")
+        minus = FixedOffset(-231, "-03:51")
+        unknown = FixedOffset(None, "")
+
+        cls = self.theclass
+        datestr = '0001-02-03'
+        for ofs in None, zero, plus, minus, unknown:
+            for us in 0, 987001:
+                d = cls(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 59, us, tzinfo=ofs)
+                timestr = '04:05:59' + (us and '.987001' or '')
+                ofsstr = ofs is not None and d.tzname() or ''
+                tailstr = timestr + ofsstr
+                iso = d.isoformat()
+                self.assertEqual(iso, datestr + 'T' + tailstr)
+                self.assertEqual(iso, d.isoformat('T'))
+                self.assertEqual(d.isoformat('k'), datestr + 'k' + tailstr)
+                self.assertEqual(d.isoformat('\u1234'), datestr + '\u1234' + tailstr)
+                self.assertEqual(str(d), datestr + ' ' + tailstr)
+
+    def test_replace(self):
+        cls = self.theclass
+        z100 = FixedOffset(100, "+100")
+        zm200 = FixedOffset(timedelta(minutes=-200), "-200")
+        args = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, z100]
+        base = cls(*args)
+        self.assertEqual(base, base.replace())
+
+        i = 0
+        for name, newval in (("year", 2),
+                             ("month", 3),
+                             ("day", 4),
+                             ("hour", 5),
+                             ("minute", 6),
+                             ("second", 7),
+                             ("microsecond", 8),
+                             ("tzinfo", zm200)):
+            newargs = args[:]
+            newargs[i] = newval
+            expected = cls(*newargs)
+            got = base.replace(**{name: newval})
+            self.assertEqual(expected, got)
+            i += 1
+
+        # Ensure we can get rid of a tzinfo.
+        self.assertEqual(base.tzname(), "+100")
+        base2 = base.replace(tzinfo=None)
+        self.assertIsNone(base2.tzinfo)
+        self.assertIsNone(base2.tzname())
+
+        # Ensure we can add one.
+        base3 = base2.replace(tzinfo=z100)
+        self.assertEqual(base, base3)
+        self.assertIs(base.tzinfo, base3.tzinfo)
+
+        # Out of bounds.
+        base = cls(2000, 2, 29)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, base.replace, year=2001)
+
+    def test_more_astimezone(self):
+        # The inherited test_astimezone covered some trivial and error cases.
+        fnone = FixedOffset(None, "None")
+        f44m = FixedOffset(44, "44")
+        fm5h = FixedOffset(-timedelta(hours=5), "m300")
+
+        dt = self.theclass.now(tz=f44m)
+        self.assertIs(dt.tzinfo, f44m)
+        # Replacing with degenerate tzinfo raises an exception.
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, dt.astimezone, fnone)
+        # Replacing with same tzinfo makes no change.
+        x = dt.astimezone(dt.tzinfo)
+        self.assertIs(x.tzinfo, f44m)
+        self.assertEqual(x.date(), dt.date())
+        self.assertEqual(x.time(), dt.time())
+
+        # Replacing with different tzinfo does adjust.
+        got = dt.astimezone(fm5h)
+        self.assertIs(got.tzinfo, fm5h)
+        self.assertEqual(got.utcoffset(), timedelta(hours=-5))
+        expected = dt - dt.utcoffset()  # in effect, convert to UTC
+        expected += fm5h.utcoffset(dt)  # and from there to local time
+        expected = expected.replace(tzinfo=fm5h) # and attach new tzinfo
+        self.assertEqual(got.date(), expected.date())
+        self.assertEqual(got.time(), expected.time())
+        self.assertEqual(got.timetz(), expected.timetz())
+        self.assertIs(got.tzinfo, expected.tzinfo)
+        self.assertEqual(got, expected)
+
+    @support.run_with_tz('UTC')
+    def test_astimezone_default_utc(self):
+        dt = self.theclass.now(timezone.utc)
+        self.assertEqual(dt.astimezone(None), dt)
+        self.assertEqual(dt.astimezone(), dt)
+
+    # Note that offset in TZ variable has the opposite sign to that
+    # produced by %z directive.
+    @support.run_with_tz('EST+05EDT,M3.2.0,M11.1.0')
+    def test_astimezone_default_eastern(self):
+        dt = self.theclass(2012, 11, 4, 6, 30, tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+        local = dt.astimezone()
+        self.assertEqual(dt, local)
+        self.assertEqual(local.strftime("%z %Z"), "-0500 EST")
+        dt = self.theclass(2012, 11, 4, 5, 30, tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+        local = dt.astimezone()
+        self.assertEqual(dt, local)
+        self.assertEqual(local.strftime("%z %Z"), "-0400 EDT")
+
+    @support.run_with_tz('EST+05EDT,M3.2.0,M11.1.0')
+    def test_astimezone_default_near_fold(self):
+        # Issue #26616.
+        u = datetime(2015, 11, 1, 5, tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+        t = u.astimezone()
+        s = t.astimezone()
+        self.assertEqual(t.tzinfo, s.tzinfo)
+
+    def test_aware_subtract(self):
+        cls = self.theclass
+
+        # Ensure that utcoffset() is ignored when the operands have the
+        # same tzinfo member.
+        class OperandDependentOffset(tzinfo):
+            def utcoffset(self, t):
+                if t.minute < 10:
+                    # d0 and d1 equal after adjustment
+                    return timedelta(minutes=t.minute)
+                else:
+                    # d2 off in the weeds
+                    return timedelta(minutes=59)
+
+        base = cls(8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, tzinfo=OperandDependentOffset())
+        d0 = base.replace(minute=3)
+        d1 = base.replace(minute=9)
+        d2 = base.replace(minute=11)
+        for x in d0, d1, d2:
+            for y in d0, d1, d2:
+                got = x - y
+                expected = timedelta(minutes=x.minute - y.minute)
+                self.assertEqual(got, expected)
+
+        # OTOH, if the tzinfo members are distinct, utcoffsets aren't
+        # ignored.
+        base = cls(8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14)
+        d0 = base.replace(minute=3, tzinfo=OperandDependentOffset())
+        d1 = base.replace(minute=9, tzinfo=OperandDependentOffset())
+        d2 = base.replace(minute=11, tzinfo=OperandDependentOffset())
+        for x in d0, d1, d2:
+            for y in d0, d1, d2:
+                got = x - y
+                if (x is d0 or x is d1) and (y is d0 or y is d1):
+                    expected = timedelta(0)
+                elif x is y is d2:
+                    expected = timedelta(0)
+                elif x is d2:
+                    expected = timedelta(minutes=(11-59)-0)
+                else:
+                    assert y is d2
+                    expected = timedelta(minutes=0-(11-59))
+                self.assertEqual(got, expected)
+
+    def test_mixed_compare(self):
+        t1 = datetime(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7)
+        t2 = datetime(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7)
+        self.assertEqual(t1, t2)
+        t2 = t2.replace(tzinfo=None)
+        self.assertEqual(t1, t2)
+        t2 = t2.replace(tzinfo=FixedOffset(None, ""))
+        self.assertEqual(t1, t2)
+        t2 = t2.replace(tzinfo=FixedOffset(0, ""))
+        self.assertNotEqual(t1, t2)
+
+        # In datetime w/ identical tzinfo objects, utcoffset is ignored.
+        class Varies(tzinfo):
+            def __init__(self):
+                self.offset = timedelta(minutes=22)
+            def utcoffset(self, t):
+                self.offset += timedelta(minutes=1)
+                return self.offset
+
+        v = Varies()
+        t1 = t2.replace(tzinfo=v)
+        t2 = t2.replace(tzinfo=v)
+        self.assertEqual(t1.utcoffset(), timedelta(minutes=23))
+        self.assertEqual(t2.utcoffset(), timedelta(minutes=24))
+        self.assertEqual(t1, t2)
+
+        # But if they're not identical, it isn't ignored.
+        t2 = t2.replace(tzinfo=Varies())
+        self.assertTrue(t1 < t2)  # t1's offset counter still going up
+
+    def test_subclass_datetimetz(self):
+
+        class C(self.theclass):
+            theAnswer = 42
+
+            def __new__(cls, *args, **kws):
+                temp = kws.copy()
+                extra = temp.pop('extra')
+                result = self.theclass.__new__(cls, *args, **temp)
+                result.extra = extra
+                return result
+
+            def newmeth(self, start):
+                return start + self.hour + self.year
+
+        args = 2002, 12, 31, 4, 5, 6, 500, FixedOffset(-300, "EST", 1)
+
+        dt1 = self.theclass(*args)
+        dt2 = C(*args, **{'extra': 7})
+
+        self.assertEqual(dt2.__class__, C)
+        self.assertEqual(dt2.theAnswer, 42)
+        self.assertEqual(dt2.extra, 7)
+        self.assertEqual(dt1.utcoffset(), dt2.utcoffset())
+        self.assertEqual(dt2.newmeth(-7), dt1.hour + dt1.year - 7)
+
+# Pain to set up DST-aware tzinfo classes.
+
+def first_sunday_on_or_after(dt):
+    days_to_go = 6 - dt.weekday()
+    if days_to_go:
+        dt += timedelta(days_to_go)
+    return dt
+
+ZERO = timedelta(0)
+MINUTE = timedelta(minutes=1)
+HOUR = timedelta(hours=1)
+DAY = timedelta(days=1)
+# In the US, DST starts at 2am (standard time) on the first Sunday in April.
+DSTSTART = datetime(1, 4, 1, 2)
+# and ends at 2am (DST time; 1am standard time) on the last Sunday of Oct,
+# which is the first Sunday on or after Oct 25.  Because we view 1:MM as
+# being standard time on that day, there is no spelling in local time of
+# the last hour of DST (that's 1:MM DST, but 1:MM is taken as standard time).
+DSTEND = datetime(1, 10, 25, 1)
+
+class USTimeZone(tzinfo):
+
+    def __init__(self, hours, reprname, stdname, dstname):
+        self.stdoffset = timedelta(hours=hours)
+        self.reprname = reprname
+        self.stdname = stdname
+        self.dstname = dstname
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return self.reprname
+
+    def tzname(self, dt):
+        if self.dst(dt):
+            return self.dstname
+        else:
+            return self.stdname
+
+    def utcoffset(self, dt):
+        return self.stdoffset + self.dst(dt)
+
+    def dst(self, dt):
+        if dt is None or dt.tzinfo is None:
+            # An exception instead may be sensible here, in one or more of
+            # the cases.
+            return ZERO
+        assert dt.tzinfo is self
+
+        # Find first Sunday in April.
+        start = first_sunday_on_or_after(DSTSTART.replace(year=dt.year))
+        assert start.weekday() == 6 and start.month == 4 and start.day <= 7
+
+        # Find last Sunday in October.
+        end = first_sunday_on_or_after(DSTEND.replace(year=dt.year))
+        assert end.weekday() == 6 and end.month == 10 and end.day >= 25
+
+        # Can't compare naive to aware objects, so strip the timezone from
+        # dt first.
+        if start <= dt.replace(tzinfo=None) < end:
+            return HOUR
+        else:
+            return ZERO
+
+Eastern  = USTimeZone(-5, "Eastern",  "EST", "EDT")
+Central  = USTimeZone(-6, "Central",  "CST", "CDT")
+Mountain = USTimeZone(-7, "Mountain", "MST", "MDT")
+Pacific  = USTimeZone(-8, "Pacific",  "PST", "PDT")
+utc_real = FixedOffset(0, "UTC", 0)
+# For better test coverage, we want another flavor of UTC that's west of
+# the Eastern and Pacific timezones.
+utc_fake = FixedOffset(-12*60, "UTCfake", 0)
+
+class TestTimezoneConversions(unittest.TestCase):
+    # The DST switch times for 2002, in std time.
+    dston = datetime(2002, 4, 7, 2)
+    dstoff = datetime(2002, 10, 27, 1)
+
+    theclass = datetime
+
+    # Check a time that's inside DST.
+    def checkinside(self, dt, tz, utc, dston, dstoff):
+        self.assertEqual(dt.dst(), HOUR)
+
+        # Conversion to our own timezone is always an identity.
+        self.assertEqual(dt.astimezone(tz), dt)
+
+        asutc = dt.astimezone(utc)
+        there_and_back = asutc.astimezone(tz)
+
+        # Conversion to UTC and back isn't always an identity here,
+        # because there are redundant spellings (in local time) of
+        # UTC time when DST begins:  the clock jumps from 1:59:59
+        # to 3:00:00, and a local time of 2:MM:SS doesn't really
+        # make sense then.  The classes above treat 2:MM:SS as
+        # daylight time then (it's "after 2am"), really an alias
+        # for 1:MM:SS standard time.  The latter form is what
+        # conversion back from UTC produces.
+        if dt.date() == dston.date() and dt.hour == 2:
+            # We're in the redundant hour, and coming back from
+            # UTC gives the 1:MM:SS standard-time spelling.
+            self.assertEqual(there_and_back + HOUR, dt)
+            # Although during was considered to be in daylight
+            # time, there_and_back is not.
+            self.assertEqual(there_and_back.dst(), ZERO)
+            # They're the same times in UTC.
+            self.assertEqual(there_and_back.astimezone(utc),
+                             dt.astimezone(utc))
+        else:
+            # We're not in the redundant hour.
+            self.assertEqual(dt, there_and_back)
+
+        # Because we have a redundant spelling when DST begins, there is
+        # (unfortunately) an hour when DST ends that can't be spelled at all in
+        # local time.  When DST ends, the clock jumps from 1:59 back to 1:00
+        # again.  The hour 1:MM DST has no spelling then:  1:MM is taken to be
+        # standard time.  1:MM DST == 0:MM EST, but 0:MM is taken to be
+        # daylight time.  The hour 1:MM daylight == 0:MM standard can't be
+        # expressed in local time.  Nevertheless, we want conversion back
+        # from UTC to mimic the local clock's "repeat an hour" behavior.
+        nexthour_utc = asutc + HOUR
+        nexthour_tz = nexthour_utc.astimezone(tz)
+        if dt.date() == dstoff.date() and dt.hour == 0:
+            # We're in the hour before the last DST hour.  The last DST hour
+            # is ineffable.  We want the conversion back to repeat 1:MM.
+            self.assertEqual(nexthour_tz, dt.replace(hour=1))
+            nexthour_utc += HOUR
+            nexthour_tz = nexthour_utc.astimezone(tz)
+            self.assertEqual(nexthour_tz, dt.replace(hour=1))
+        else:
+            self.assertEqual(nexthour_tz - dt, HOUR)
+
+    # Check a time that's outside DST.
+    def checkoutside(self, dt, tz, utc):
+        self.assertEqual(dt.dst(), ZERO)
+
+        # Conversion to our own timezone is always an identity.
+        self.assertEqual(dt.astimezone(tz), dt)
+
+        # Converting to UTC and back is an identity too.
+        asutc = dt.astimezone(utc)
+        there_and_back = asutc.astimezone(tz)
+        self.assertEqual(dt, there_and_back)
+
+    def convert_between_tz_and_utc(self, tz, utc):
+        dston = self.dston.replace(tzinfo=tz)
+        # Because 1:MM on the day DST ends is taken as being standard time,
+        # there is no spelling in tz for the last hour of daylight time.
+        # For purposes of the test, the last hour of DST is 0:MM, which is
+        # taken as being daylight time (and 1:MM is taken as being standard
+        # time).
+        dstoff = self.dstoff.replace(tzinfo=tz)
+        for delta in (timedelta(weeks=13),
+                      DAY,
+                      HOUR,
+                      timedelta(minutes=1),
+                      timedelta(microseconds=1)):
+
+            self.checkinside(dston, tz, utc, dston, dstoff)
+            for during in dston + delta, dstoff - delta:
+                self.checkinside(during, tz, utc, dston, dstoff)
+
+            self.checkoutside(dstoff, tz, utc)
+            for outside in dston - delta, dstoff + delta:
+                self.checkoutside(outside, tz, utc)
+
+    def test_easy(self):
+        # Despite the name of this test, the endcases are excruciating.
+        self.convert_between_tz_and_utc(Eastern, utc_real)
+        self.convert_between_tz_and_utc(Pacific, utc_real)
+        self.convert_between_tz_and_utc(Eastern, utc_fake)
+        self.convert_between_tz_and_utc(Pacific, utc_fake)
+        # The next is really dancing near the edge.  It works because
+        # Pacific and Eastern are far enough apart that their "problem
+        # hours" don't overlap.
+        self.convert_between_tz_and_utc(Eastern, Pacific)
+        self.convert_between_tz_and_utc(Pacific, Eastern)
+        # OTOH, these fail!  Don't enable them.  The difficulty is that
+        # the edge case tests assume that every hour is representable in
+        # the "utc" class.  This is always true for a fixed-offset tzinfo
+        # class (lke utc_real and utc_fake), but not for Eastern or Central.
+        # For these adjacent DST-aware time zones, the range of time offsets
+        # tested ends up creating hours in the one that aren't representable
+        # in the other.  For the same reason, we would see failures in the
+        # Eastern vs Pacific tests too if we added 3*HOUR to the list of
+        # offset deltas in convert_between_tz_and_utc().
+        #
+        # self.convert_between_tz_and_utc(Eastern, Central)  # can't work
+        # self.convert_between_tz_and_utc(Central, Eastern)  # can't work
+
+    def test_tricky(self):
+        # 22:00 on day before daylight starts.
+        fourback = self.dston - timedelta(hours=4)
+        ninewest = FixedOffset(-9*60, "-0900", 0)
+        fourback = fourback.replace(tzinfo=ninewest)
+        # 22:00-0900 is 7:00 UTC == 2:00 EST == 3:00 DST.  Since it's "after
+        # 2", we should get the 3 spelling.
+        # If we plug 22:00 the day before into Eastern, it "looks like std
+        # time", so its offset is returned as -5, and -5 - -9 = 4.  Adding 4
+        # to 22:00 lands on 2:00, which makes no sense in local time (the
+        # local clock jumps from 1 to 3).  The point here is to make sure we
+        # get the 3 spelling.
+        expected = self.dston.replace(hour=3)
+        got = fourback.astimezone(Eastern).replace(tzinfo=None)
+        self.assertEqual(expected, got)
+
+        # Similar, but map to 6:00 UTC == 1:00 EST == 2:00 DST.  In that
+        # case we want the 1:00 spelling.
+        sixutc = self.dston.replace(hour=6, tzinfo=utc_real)
+        # Now 6:00 "looks like daylight", so the offset wrt Eastern is -4,
+        # and adding -4-0 == -4 gives the 2:00 spelling.  We want the 1:00 EST
+        # spelling.
+        expected = self.dston.replace(hour=1)
+        got = sixutc.astimezone(Eastern).replace(tzinfo=None)
+        self.assertEqual(expected, got)
+
+        # Now on the day DST ends, we want "repeat an hour" behavior.
+        #  UTC  4:MM  5:MM  6:MM  7:MM  checking these
+        #  EST 23:MM  0:MM  1:MM  2:MM
+        #  EDT  0:MM  1:MM  2:MM  3:MM
+        # wall  0:MM  1:MM  1:MM  2:MM  against these
+        for utc in utc_real, utc_fake:
+            for tz in Eastern, Pacific:
+                first_std_hour = self.dstoff - timedelta(hours=2) # 23:MM
+                # Convert that to UTC.
+                first_std_hour -= tz.utcoffset(None)
+                # Adjust for possibly fake UTC.
+                asutc = first_std_hour + utc.utcoffset(None)
+                # First UTC hour to convert; this is 4:00 when utc=utc_real &
+                # tz=Eastern.
+                asutcbase = asutc.replace(tzinfo=utc)
+                for tzhour in (0, 1, 1, 2):
+                    expectedbase = self.dstoff.replace(hour=tzhour)
+                    for minute in 0, 30, 59:
+                        expected = expectedbase.replace(minute=minute)
+                        asutc = asutcbase.replace(minute=minute)
+                        astz = asutc.astimezone(tz)
+                        self.assertEqual(astz.replace(tzinfo=None), expected)
+                    asutcbase += HOUR
+
+
+    def test_bogus_dst(self):
+        class ok(tzinfo):
+            def utcoffset(self, dt): return HOUR
+            def dst(self, dt): return HOUR
+
+        now = self.theclass.now().replace(tzinfo=utc_real)
+        # Doesn't blow up.
+        now.astimezone(ok())
+
+        # Does blow up.
+        class notok(ok):
+            def dst(self, dt): return None
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, now.astimezone, notok())
+
+        # Sometimes blow up. In the following, tzinfo.dst()
+        # implementation may return None or not None depending on
+        # whether DST is assumed to be in effect.  In this situation,
+        # a ValueError should be raised by astimezone().
+        class tricky_notok(ok):
+            def dst(self, dt):
+                if dt.year == 2000:
+                    return None
+                else:
+                    return 10*HOUR
+        dt = self.theclass(2001, 1, 1).replace(tzinfo=utc_real)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, dt.astimezone, tricky_notok())
+
+    def test_fromutc(self):
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, Eastern.fromutc)   # not enough args
+        now = datetime.utcnow().replace(tzinfo=utc_real)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, Eastern.fromutc, now) # wrong tzinfo
+        now = now.replace(tzinfo=Eastern)   # insert correct tzinfo
+        enow = Eastern.fromutc(now)         # doesn't blow up
+        self.assertEqual(enow.tzinfo, Eastern) # has right tzinfo member
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, Eastern.fromutc, now, now) # too many args
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, Eastern.fromutc, date.today()) # wrong type
+
+        # Always converts UTC to standard time.
+        class FauxUSTimeZone(USTimeZone):
+            def fromutc(self, dt):
+                return dt + self.stdoffset
+        FEastern  = FauxUSTimeZone(-5, "FEastern",  "FEST", "FEDT")
+
+        #  UTC  4:MM  5:MM  6:MM  7:MM  8:MM  9:MM
+        #  EST 23:MM  0:MM  1:MM  2:MM  3:MM  4:MM
+        #  EDT  0:MM  1:MM  2:MM  3:MM  4:MM  5:MM
+
+        # Check around DST start.
+        start = self.dston.replace(hour=4, tzinfo=Eastern)
+        fstart = start.replace(tzinfo=FEastern)
+        for wall in 23, 0, 1, 3, 4, 5:
+            expected = start.replace(hour=wall)
+            if wall == 23:
+                expected -= timedelta(days=1)
+            got = Eastern.fromutc(start)
+            self.assertEqual(expected, got)
+
+            expected = fstart + FEastern.stdoffset
+            got = FEastern.fromutc(fstart)
+            self.assertEqual(expected, got)
+
+            # Ensure astimezone() calls fromutc() too.
+            got = fstart.replace(tzinfo=utc_real).astimezone(FEastern)
+            self.assertEqual(expected, got)
+
+            start += HOUR
+            fstart += HOUR
+
+        # Check around DST end.
+        start = self.dstoff.replace(hour=4, tzinfo=Eastern)
+        fstart = start.replace(tzinfo=FEastern)
+        for wall in 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4:
+            expected = start.replace(hour=wall)
+            got = Eastern.fromutc(start)
+            self.assertEqual(expected, got)
+
+            expected = fstart + FEastern.stdoffset
+            got = FEastern.fromutc(fstart)
+            self.assertEqual(expected, got)
+
+            # Ensure astimezone() calls fromutc() too.
+            got = fstart.replace(tzinfo=utc_real).astimezone(FEastern)
+            self.assertEqual(expected, got)
+
+            start += HOUR
+            fstart += HOUR
+
+
+#############################################################################
+# oddballs
+
+class Oddballs(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def test_bug_1028306(self):
+        # Trying to compare a date to a datetime should act like a mixed-
+        # type comparison, despite that datetime is a subclass of date.
+        as_date = date.today()
+        as_datetime = datetime.combine(as_date, time())
+        self.assertTrue(as_date != as_datetime)
+        self.assertTrue(as_datetime != as_date)
+        self.assertFalse(as_date == as_datetime)
+        self.assertFalse(as_datetime == as_date)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: as_date < as_datetime)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: as_datetime < as_date)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: as_date <= as_datetime)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: as_datetime <= as_date)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: as_date > as_datetime)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: as_datetime > as_date)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: as_date >= as_datetime)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: as_datetime >= as_date)
+
+        # Nevertheless, comparison should work with the base-class (date)
+        # projection if use of a date method is forced.
+        self.assertEqual(as_date.__eq__(as_datetime), True)
+        different_day = (as_date.day + 1) % 20 + 1
+        as_different = as_datetime.replace(day= different_day)
+        self.assertEqual(as_date.__eq__(as_different), False)
+
+        # And date should compare with other subclasses of date.  If a
+        # subclass wants to stop this, it's up to the subclass to do so.
+        date_sc = SubclassDate(as_date.year, as_date.month, as_date.day)
+        self.assertEqual(as_date, date_sc)
+        self.assertEqual(date_sc, as_date)
+
+        # Ditto for datetimes.
+        datetime_sc = SubclassDatetime(as_datetime.year, as_datetime.month,
+                                       as_date.day, 0, 0, 0)
+        self.assertEqual(as_datetime, datetime_sc)
+        self.assertEqual(datetime_sc, as_datetime)
+
+    def test_extra_attributes(self):
+        for x in [date.today(),
+                  time(),
+                  datetime.utcnow(),
+                  timedelta(),
+                  tzinfo(),
+                  timezone(timedelta())]:
+            with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
+                x.abc = 1
+
+    def test_check_arg_types(self):
+        class Number:
+            def __init__(self, value):
+                self.value = value
+            def __int__(self):
+                return self.value
+
+        for xx in [decimal.Decimal(10),
+                   decimal.Decimal('10.9'),
+                   Number(10)]:
+            self.assertEqual(datetime(10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10),
+                             datetime(xx, xx, xx, xx, xx, xx, xx))
+
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, '^an integer is required '
+                                              r'\(got type str\)$'):
+            datetime(10, 10, '10')
+
+        f10 = Number(10.9)
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, '^__int__ returned non-int '
+                                              r'\(type float\)$'):
+            datetime(10, 10, f10)
+
+        class Float(float):
+            pass
+        s10 = Float(10.9)
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, '^integer argument expected, '
+                                               'got float$'):
+            datetime(10, 10, s10)
+
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            datetime(10., 10, 10)
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            datetime(10, 10., 10)
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            datetime(10, 10, 10.)
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            datetime(10, 10, 10, 10.)
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            datetime(10, 10, 10, 10, 10.)
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            datetime(10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10.)
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            datetime(10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10.)
+
+#############################################################################
+# Local Time Disambiguation
+
+# An experimental reimplementation of fromutc that respects the "fold" flag.
+
+class tzinfo2(tzinfo):
+
+    def fromutc(self, dt):
+        "datetime in UTC -> datetime in local time."
+
+        if not isinstance(dt, datetime):
+            raise TypeError("fromutc() requires a datetime argument")
+        if dt.tzinfo is not self:
+            raise ValueError("dt.tzinfo is not self")
+        # Returned value satisfies
+        #          dt + ldt.utcoffset() = ldt
+        off0 = dt.replace(fold=0).utcoffset()
+        off1 = dt.replace(fold=1).utcoffset()
+        if off0 is None or off1 is None or dt.dst() is None:
+            raise ValueError
+        if off0 == off1:
+            ldt = dt + off0
+            off1 = ldt.utcoffset()
+            if off0 == off1:
+                return ldt
+        # Now, we discovered both possible offsets, so
+        # we can just try four possible solutions:
+        for off in [off0, off1]:
+            ldt = dt + off
+            if ldt.utcoffset() == off:
+                return ldt
+            ldt = ldt.replace(fold=1)
+            if ldt.utcoffset() == off:
+                return ldt
+
+        raise ValueError("No suitable local time found")
+
+# Reimplementing simplified US timezones to respect the "fold" flag:
+
+class USTimeZone2(tzinfo2):
+
+    def __init__(self, hours, reprname, stdname, dstname):
+        self.stdoffset = timedelta(hours=hours)
+        self.reprname = reprname
+        self.stdname = stdname
+        self.dstname = dstname
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return self.reprname
+
+    def tzname(self, dt):
+        if self.dst(dt):
+            return self.dstname
+        else:
+            return self.stdname
+
+    def utcoffset(self, dt):
+        return self.stdoffset + self.dst(dt)
+
+    def dst(self, dt):
+        if dt is None or dt.tzinfo is None:
+            # An exception instead may be sensible here, in one or more of
+            # the cases.
+            return ZERO
+        assert dt.tzinfo is self
+
+        # Find first Sunday in April.
+        start = first_sunday_on_or_after(DSTSTART.replace(year=dt.year))
+        assert start.weekday() == 6 and start.month == 4 and start.day <= 7
+
+        # Find last Sunday in October.
+        end = first_sunday_on_or_after(DSTEND.replace(year=dt.year))
+        assert end.weekday() == 6 and end.month == 10 and end.day >= 25
+
+        # Can't compare naive to aware objects, so strip the timezone from
+        # dt first.
+        dt = dt.replace(tzinfo=None)
+        if start + HOUR <= dt < end:
+            # DST is in effect.
+            return HOUR
+        elif end <= dt < end + HOUR:
+            # Fold (an ambiguous hour): use dt.fold to disambiguate.
+            return ZERO if dt.fold else HOUR
+        elif start <= dt < start + HOUR:
+            # Gap (a non-existent hour): reverse the fold rule.
+            return HOUR if dt.fold else ZERO
+        else:
+            # DST is off.
+            return ZERO
+
+Eastern2  = USTimeZone2(-5, "Eastern2",  "EST", "EDT")
+Central2  = USTimeZone2(-6, "Central2",  "CST", "CDT")
+Mountain2 = USTimeZone2(-7, "Mountain2", "MST", "MDT")
+Pacific2  = USTimeZone2(-8, "Pacific2",  "PST", "PDT")
+
+# Europe_Vilnius_1941 tzinfo implementation reproduces the following
+# 1941 transition from Olson's tzdist:
+#
+# Zone NAME           GMTOFF RULES  FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# ZoneEurope/Vilnius  1:00   -      CET    1940 Aug  3
+#                     3:00   -      MSK    1941 Jun 24
+#                     1:00   C-Eur  CE%sT  1944 Aug
+#
+# $ zdump -v Europe/Vilnius | grep 1941
+# Europe/Vilnius  Mon Jun 23 20:59:59 1941 UTC = Mon Jun 23 23:59:59 1941 MSK isdst=0 gmtoff=10800
+# Europe/Vilnius  Mon Jun 23 21:00:00 1941 UTC = Mon Jun 23 23:00:00 1941 CEST isdst=1 gmtoff=7200
+
+class Europe_Vilnius_1941(tzinfo):
+    def _utc_fold(self):
+        return [datetime(1941, 6, 23, 21, tzinfo=self),  # Mon Jun 23 21:00:00 1941 UTC
+                datetime(1941, 6, 23, 22, tzinfo=self)]  # Mon Jun 23 22:00:00 1941 UTC
+
+    def _loc_fold(self):
+        return [datetime(1941, 6, 23, 23, tzinfo=self),  # Mon Jun 23 23:00:00 1941 MSK / CEST
+                datetime(1941, 6, 24, 0, tzinfo=self)]   # Mon Jun 24 00:00:00 1941 CEST
+
+    def utcoffset(self, dt):
+        fold_start, fold_stop = self._loc_fold()
+        if dt < fold_start:
+            return 3 * HOUR
+        if dt < fold_stop:
+            return (2 if dt.fold else 3) * HOUR
+        # if dt >= fold_stop
+        return 2 * HOUR
+
+    def dst(self, dt):
+        fold_start, fold_stop = self._loc_fold()
+        if dt < fold_start:
+            return 0 * HOUR
+        if dt < fold_stop:
+            return (1 if dt.fold else 0) * HOUR
+        # if dt >= fold_stop
+        return 1 * HOUR
+
+    def tzname(self, dt):
+        fold_start, fold_stop = self._loc_fold()
+        if dt < fold_start:
+            return 'MSK'
+        if dt < fold_stop:
+            return ('MSK', 'CEST')[dt.fold]
+        # if dt >= fold_stop
+        return 'CEST'
+
+    def fromutc(self, dt):
+        assert dt.fold == 0
+        assert dt.tzinfo is self
+        if dt.year != 1941:
+            raise NotImplementedError
+        fold_start, fold_stop = self._utc_fold()
+        if dt < fold_start:
+            return dt + 3 * HOUR
+        if dt < fold_stop:
+            return (dt + 2 * HOUR).replace(fold=1)
+        # if dt >= fold_stop
+        return dt + 2 * HOUR
+
+
+class TestLocalTimeDisambiguation(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def test_vilnius_1941_fromutc(self):
+        Vilnius = Europe_Vilnius_1941()
+
+        gdt = datetime(1941, 6, 23, 20, 59, 59, tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+        ldt = gdt.astimezone(Vilnius)
+        self.assertEqual(ldt.strftime("%c %Z%z"),
+                         'Mon Jun 23 23:59:59 1941 MSK+0300')
+        self.assertEqual(ldt.fold, 0)
+        self.assertFalse(ldt.dst())
+
+        gdt = datetime(1941, 6, 23, 21, tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+        ldt = gdt.astimezone(Vilnius)
+        self.assertEqual(ldt.strftime("%c %Z%z"),
+                         'Mon Jun 23 23:00:00 1941 CEST+0200')
+        self.assertEqual(ldt.fold, 1)
+        self.assertTrue(ldt.dst())
+
+        gdt = datetime(1941, 6, 23, 22, tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+        ldt = gdt.astimezone(Vilnius)
+        self.assertEqual(ldt.strftime("%c %Z%z"),
+                         'Tue Jun 24 00:00:00 1941 CEST+0200')
+        self.assertEqual(ldt.fold, 0)
+        self.assertTrue(ldt.dst())
+
+    def test_vilnius_1941_toutc(self):
+        Vilnius = Europe_Vilnius_1941()
+
+        ldt = datetime(1941, 6, 23, 22, 59, 59, tzinfo=Vilnius)
+        gdt = ldt.astimezone(timezone.utc)
+        self.assertEqual(gdt.strftime("%c %Z"),
+                         'Mon Jun 23 19:59:59 1941 UTC')
+
+        ldt = datetime(1941, 6, 23, 23, 59, 59, tzinfo=Vilnius)
+        gdt = ldt.astimezone(timezone.utc)
+        self.assertEqual(gdt.strftime("%c %Z"),
+                         'Mon Jun 23 20:59:59 1941 UTC')
+
+        ldt = datetime(1941, 6, 23, 23, 59, 59, tzinfo=Vilnius, fold=1)
+        gdt = ldt.astimezone(timezone.utc)
+        self.assertEqual(gdt.strftime("%c %Z"),
+                         'Mon Jun 23 21:59:59 1941 UTC')
+
+        ldt = datetime(1941, 6, 24, 0, tzinfo=Vilnius)
+        gdt = ldt.astimezone(timezone.utc)
+        self.assertEqual(gdt.strftime("%c %Z"),
+                         'Mon Jun 23 22:00:00 1941 UTC')
+
+
+    def test_constructors(self):
+        t = time(0, fold=1)
+        dt = datetime(1, 1, 1, fold=1)
+        self.assertEqual(t.fold, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(dt.fold, 1)
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            time(0, 0, 0, 0, None, 0)
+
+    def test_member(self):
+        dt = datetime(1, 1, 1, fold=1)
+        t = dt.time()
+        self.assertEqual(t.fold, 1)
+        t = dt.timetz()
+        self.assertEqual(t.fold, 1)
+
+    def test_replace(self):
+        t = time(0)
+        dt = datetime(1, 1, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(t.replace(fold=1).fold, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(dt.replace(fold=1).fold, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(t.replace(fold=0).fold, 0)
+        self.assertEqual(dt.replace(fold=0).fold, 0)
+        # Check that replacement of other fields does not change "fold".
+        t = t.replace(fold=1, tzinfo=Eastern)
+        dt = dt.replace(fold=1, tzinfo=Eastern)
+        self.assertEqual(t.replace(tzinfo=None).fold, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(dt.replace(tzinfo=None).fold, 1)
+        # Out of bounds.
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            t.replace(fold=2)
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            dt.replace(fold=2)
+        # Check that fold is a keyword-only argument
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            t.replace(1, 1, 1, None, 1)
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            dt.replace(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, None, 1)
+
+    def test_comparison(self):
+        t = time(0)
+        dt = datetime(1, 1, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(t, t.replace(fold=1))
+        self.assertEqual(dt, dt.replace(fold=1))
+
+    def test_hash(self):
+        t = time(0)
+        dt = datetime(1, 1, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(hash(t), hash(t.replace(fold=1)))
+        self.assertEqual(hash(dt), hash(dt.replace(fold=1)))
+
+    @support.run_with_tz('EST+05EDT,M3.2.0,M11.1.0')
+    def test_fromtimestamp(self):
+        s = 1414906200
+        dt0 = datetime.fromtimestamp(s)
+        dt1 = datetime.fromtimestamp(s + 3600)
+        self.assertEqual(dt0.fold, 0)
+        self.assertEqual(dt1.fold, 1)
+
+    @support.run_with_tz('Australia/Lord_Howe')
+    def test_fromtimestamp_lord_howe(self):
+        tm = _time.localtime(1.4e9)
+        if _time.strftime('%Z%z', tm) != 'LHST+1030':
+            self.skipTest('Australia/Lord_Howe timezone is not supported on this platform')
+        # $ TZ=Australia/Lord_Howe date -r 1428158700
+        # Sun Apr  5 01:45:00 LHDT 2015
+        # $ TZ=Australia/Lord_Howe date -r 1428160500
+        # Sun Apr  5 01:45:00 LHST 2015
+        s = 1428158700
+        t0 = datetime.fromtimestamp(s)
+        t1 = datetime.fromtimestamp(s + 1800)
+        self.assertEqual(t0, t1)
+        self.assertEqual(t0.fold, 0)
+        self.assertEqual(t1.fold, 1)
+
+
+    @support.run_with_tz('EST+05EDT,M3.2.0,M11.1.0')
+    def test_timestamp(self):
+        dt0 = datetime(2014, 11, 2, 1, 30)
+        dt1 = dt0.replace(fold=1)
+        self.assertEqual(dt0.timestamp() + 3600,
+                         dt1.timestamp())
+
+    @support.run_with_tz('Australia/Lord_Howe')
+    def test_timestamp_lord_howe(self):
+        tm = _time.localtime(1.4e9)
+        if _time.strftime('%Z%z', tm) != 'LHST+1030':
+            self.skipTest('Australia/Lord_Howe timezone is not supported on this platform')
+        t = datetime(2015, 4, 5, 1, 45)
+        s0 = t.replace(fold=0).timestamp()
+        s1 = t.replace(fold=1).timestamp()
+        self.assertEqual(s0 + 1800, s1)
+
+
+    @support.run_with_tz('EST+05EDT,M3.2.0,M11.1.0')
+    def test_astimezone(self):
+        dt0 = datetime(2014, 11, 2, 1, 30)
+        dt1 = dt0.replace(fold=1)
+        # Convert both naive instances to aware.
+        adt0 = dt0.astimezone()
+        adt1 = dt1.astimezone()
+        # Check that the first instance in DST zone and the second in STD
+        self.assertEqual(adt0.tzname(), 'EDT')
+        self.assertEqual(adt1.tzname(), 'EST')
+        self.assertEqual(adt0 + HOUR, adt1)
+        # Aware instances with fixed offset tzinfo's always have fold=0
+        self.assertEqual(adt0.fold, 0)
+        self.assertEqual(adt1.fold, 0)
+
+
+    def test_pickle_fold(self):
+        t = time(fold=1)
+        dt = datetime(1, 1, 1, fold=1)
+        for pickler, unpickler, proto in pickle_choices:
+            for x in [t, dt]:
+                s = pickler.dumps(x, proto)
+                y = unpickler.loads(s)
+                self.assertEqual(x, y)
+                self.assertEqual((0 if proto < 4 else x.fold), y.fold)
+
+    def test_repr(self):
+        t = time(fold=1)
+        dt = datetime(1, 1, 1, fold=1)
+        self.assertEqual(repr(t), 'datetime.time(0, 0, fold=1)')
+        self.assertEqual(repr(dt),
+                         'datetime.datetime(1, 1, 1, 0, 0, fold=1)')
+
+    def test_dst(self):
+        # Let's first establish that things work in regular times.
+        dt_summer = datetime(2002, 10, 27, 1, tzinfo=Eastern2) - timedelta.resolution
+        dt_winter = datetime(2002, 10, 27, 2, tzinfo=Eastern2)
+        self.assertEqual(dt_summer.dst(), HOUR)
+        self.assertEqual(dt_winter.dst(), ZERO)
+        # The disambiguation flag is ignored
+        self.assertEqual(dt_summer.replace(fold=1).dst(), HOUR)
+        self.assertEqual(dt_winter.replace(fold=1).dst(), ZERO)
+
+        # Pick local time in the fold.
+        for minute in [0, 30, 59]:
+            dt = datetime(2002, 10, 27, 1, minute, tzinfo=Eastern2)
+            # With fold=0 (the default) it is in DST.
+            self.assertEqual(dt.dst(), HOUR)
+            # With fold=1 it is in STD.
+            self.assertEqual(dt.replace(fold=1).dst(), ZERO)
+
+        # Pick local time in the gap.
+        for minute in [0, 30, 59]:
+            dt = datetime(2002, 4, 7, 2, minute, tzinfo=Eastern2)
+            # With fold=0 (the default) it is in STD.
+            self.assertEqual(dt.dst(), ZERO)
+            # With fold=1 it is in DST.
+            self.assertEqual(dt.replace(fold=1).dst(), HOUR)
+
+
+    def test_utcoffset(self):
+        # Let's first establish that things work in regular times.
+        dt_summer = datetime(2002, 10, 27, 1, tzinfo=Eastern2) - timedelta.resolution
+        dt_winter = datetime(2002, 10, 27, 2, tzinfo=Eastern2)
+        self.assertEqual(dt_summer.utcoffset(), -4 * HOUR)
+        self.assertEqual(dt_winter.utcoffset(), -5 * HOUR)
+        # The disambiguation flag is ignored
+        self.assertEqual(dt_summer.replace(fold=1).utcoffset(), -4 * HOUR)
+        self.assertEqual(dt_winter.replace(fold=1).utcoffset(), -5 * HOUR)
+
+    def test_fromutc(self):
+        # Let's first establish that things work in regular times.
+        u_summer = datetime(2002, 10, 27, 6, tzinfo=Eastern2) - timedelta.resolution
+        u_winter = datetime(2002, 10, 27, 7, tzinfo=Eastern2)
+        t_summer = Eastern2.fromutc(u_summer)
+        t_winter = Eastern2.fromutc(u_winter)
+        self.assertEqual(t_summer, u_summer - 4 * HOUR)
+        self.assertEqual(t_winter, u_winter - 5 * HOUR)
+        self.assertEqual(t_summer.fold, 0)
+        self.assertEqual(t_winter.fold, 0)
+
+        # What happens in the fall-back fold?
+        u = datetime(2002, 10, 27, 5, 30, tzinfo=Eastern2)
+        t0 = Eastern2.fromutc(u)
+        u += HOUR
+        t1 = Eastern2.fromutc(u)
+        self.assertEqual(t0, t1)
+        self.assertEqual(t0.fold, 0)
+        self.assertEqual(t1.fold, 1)
+        # The tricky part is when u is in the local fold:
+        u = datetime(2002, 10, 27, 1, 30, tzinfo=Eastern2)
+        t = Eastern2.fromutc(u)
+        self.assertEqual((t.day, t.hour), (26, 21))
+        # .. or gets into the local fold after a standard time adjustment
+        u = datetime(2002, 10, 27, 6, 30, tzinfo=Eastern2)
+        t = Eastern2.fromutc(u)
+        self.assertEqual((t.day, t.hour), (27, 1))
+
+        # What happens in the spring-forward gap?
+        u = datetime(2002, 4, 7, 2, 0, tzinfo=Eastern2)
+        t = Eastern2.fromutc(u)
+        self.assertEqual((t.day, t.hour), (6, 21))
+
+    def test_mixed_compare_regular(self):
+        t = datetime(2000, 1, 1, tzinfo=Eastern2)
+        self.assertEqual(t, t.astimezone(timezone.utc))
+        t = datetime(2000, 6, 1, tzinfo=Eastern2)
+        self.assertEqual(t, t.astimezone(timezone.utc))
+
+    def test_mixed_compare_fold(self):
+        t_fold = datetime(2002, 10, 27, 1, 45, tzinfo=Eastern2)
+        t_fold_utc = t_fold.astimezone(timezone.utc)
+        self.assertNotEqual(t_fold, t_fold_utc)
+
+    def test_mixed_compare_gap(self):
+        t_gap = datetime(2002, 4, 7, 2, 45, tzinfo=Eastern2)
+        t_gap_utc = t_gap.astimezone(timezone.utc)
+        self.assertNotEqual(t_gap, t_gap_utc)
+
+    def test_hash_aware(self):
+        t = datetime(2000, 1, 1, tzinfo=Eastern2)
+        self.assertEqual(hash(t), hash(t.replace(fold=1)))
+        t_fold = datetime(2002, 10, 27, 1, 45, tzinfo=Eastern2)
+        t_gap = datetime(2002, 4, 7, 2, 45, tzinfo=Eastern2)
+        self.assertEqual(hash(t_fold), hash(t_fold.replace(fold=1)))
+        self.assertEqual(hash(t_gap), hash(t_gap.replace(fold=1)))
+
+SEC = timedelta(0, 1)
+
+def pairs(iterable):
+    a, b = itertools.tee(iterable)
+    next(b, None)
+    return zip(a, b)
+
+class ZoneInfo(tzinfo):
+    zoneroot = '/usr/share/zoneinfo'
+    def __init__(self, ut, ti):
+        """
+
+        :param ut: array
+            Array of transition point timestamps
+        :param ti: list
+            A list of (offset, isdst, abbr) tuples
+        :return: None
+        """
+        self.ut = ut
+        self.ti = ti
+        self.lt = self.invert(ut, ti)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def invert(ut, ti):
+        lt = (array('q', ut), array('q', ut))
+        if ut:
+            offset = ti[0][0] // SEC
+            lt[0][0] += offset
+            lt[1][0] += offset
+            for i in range(1, len(ut)):
+                lt[0][i] += ti[i-1][0] // SEC
+                lt[1][i] += ti[i][0] // SEC
+        return lt
+
+    @classmethod
+    def fromfile(cls, fileobj):
+        if fileobj.read(4).decode() != "TZif":
+            raise ValueError("not a zoneinfo file")
+        fileobj.seek(32)
+        counts = array('i')
+        counts.fromfile(fileobj, 3)
+        if sys.byteorder != 'big':
+            counts.byteswap()
+
+        ut = array('i')
+        ut.fromfile(fileobj, counts[0])
+        if sys.byteorder != 'big':
+            ut.byteswap()
+
+        type_indices = array('B')
+        type_indices.fromfile(fileobj, counts[0])
+
+        ttis = []
+        for i in range(counts[1]):
+            ttis.append(struct.unpack(">lbb", fileobj.read(6)))
+
+        abbrs = fileobj.read(counts[2])
+
+        # Convert ttis
+        for i, (gmtoff, isdst, abbrind) in enumerate(ttis):
+            abbr = abbrs[abbrind:abbrs.find(0, abbrind)].decode()
+            ttis[i] = (timedelta(0, gmtoff), isdst, abbr)
+
+        ti = [None] * len(ut)
+        for i, idx in enumerate(type_indices):
+            ti[i] = ttis[idx]
+
+        self = cls(ut, ti)
+
+        return self
+
+    @classmethod
+    def fromname(cls, name):
+        path = os.path.join(cls.zoneroot, name)
+        with open(path, 'rb') as f:
+            return cls.fromfile(f)
+
+    EPOCHORDINAL = date(1970, 1, 1).toordinal()
+
+    def fromutc(self, dt):
+        """datetime in UTC -> datetime in local time."""
+
+        if not isinstance(dt, datetime):
+            raise TypeError("fromutc() requires a datetime argument")
+        if dt.tzinfo is not self:
+            raise ValueError("dt.tzinfo is not self")
+
+        timestamp = ((dt.toordinal() - self.EPOCHORDINAL) * 86400
+                     + dt.hour * 3600
+                     + dt.minute * 60
+                     + dt.second)
+
+        if timestamp < self.ut[1]:
+            tti = self.ti[0]
+            fold = 0
+        else:
+            idx = bisect.bisect_right(self.ut, timestamp)
+            assert self.ut[idx-1] <= timestamp
+            assert idx == len(self.ut) or timestamp < self.ut[idx]
+            tti_prev, tti = self.ti[idx-2:idx]
+            # Detect fold
+            shift = tti_prev[0] - tti[0]
+            fold = (shift > timedelta(0, timestamp - self.ut[idx-1]))
+        dt += tti[0]
+        if fold:
+            return dt.replace(fold=1)
+        else:
+            return dt
+
+    def _find_ti(self, dt, i):
+        timestamp = ((dt.toordinal() - self.EPOCHORDINAL) * 86400
+             + dt.hour * 3600
+             + dt.minute * 60
+             + dt.second)
+        lt = self.lt[dt.fold]
+        idx = bisect.bisect_right(lt, timestamp)
+
+        return self.ti[max(0, idx - 1)][i]
+
+    def utcoffset(self, dt):
+        return self._find_ti(dt, 0)
+
+    def dst(self, dt):
+        isdst = self._find_ti(dt, 1)
+        # XXX: We cannot accurately determine the "save" value,
+        # so let's return 1h whenever DST is in effect.  Since
+        # we don't use dst() in fromutc(), it is unlikely that
+        # it will be needed for anything more than bool(dst()).
+        return ZERO if isdst else HOUR
+
+    def tzname(self, dt):
+        return self._find_ti(dt, 2)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def zonenames(cls, zonedir=None):
+        if zonedir is None:
+            zonedir = cls.zoneroot
+        zone_tab = os.path.join(zonedir, 'zone.tab')
+        try:
+            f = open(zone_tab)
+        except OSError:
+            return
+        with f:
+            for line in f:
+                line = line.strip()
+                if line and not line.startswith('#'):
+                    yield line.split()[2]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def stats(cls, start_year=1):
+        count = gap_count = fold_count = zeros_count = 0
+        min_gap = min_fold = timedelta.max
+        max_gap = max_fold = ZERO
+        min_gap_datetime = max_gap_datetime = datetime.min
+        min_gap_zone = max_gap_zone = None
+        min_fold_datetime = max_fold_datetime = datetime.min
+        min_fold_zone = max_fold_zone = None
+        stats_since = datetime(start_year, 1, 1) # Starting from 1970 eliminates a lot of noise
+        for zonename in cls.zonenames():
+            count += 1
+            tz = cls.fromname(zonename)
+            for dt, shift in tz.transitions():
+                if dt < stats_since:
+                    continue
+                if shift > ZERO:
+                    gap_count += 1
+                    if (shift, dt) > (max_gap, max_gap_datetime):
+                        max_gap = shift
+                        max_gap_zone = zonename
+                        max_gap_datetime = dt
+                    if (shift, datetime.max - dt) < (min_gap, datetime.max - min_gap_datetime):
+                        min_gap = shift
+                        min_gap_zone = zonename
+                        min_gap_datetime = dt
+                elif shift < ZERO:
+                    fold_count += 1
+                    shift = -shift
+                    if (shift, dt) > (max_fold, max_fold_datetime):
+                        max_fold = shift
+                        max_fold_zone = zonename
+                        max_fold_datetime = dt
+                    if (shift, datetime.max - dt) < (min_fold, datetime.max - min_fold_datetime):
+                        min_fold = shift
+                        min_fold_zone = zonename
+                        min_fold_datetime = dt
+                else:
+                    zeros_count += 1
+        trans_counts = (gap_count, fold_count, zeros_count)
+        print("Number of zones:       %5d" % count)
+        print("Number of transitions: %5d = %d (gaps) + %d (folds) + %d (zeros)" %
+              ((sum(trans_counts),) + trans_counts))
+        print("Min gap:         %16s at %s in %s" % (min_gap, min_gap_datetime, min_gap_zone))
+        print("Max gap:         %16s at %s in %s" % (max_gap, max_gap_datetime, max_gap_zone))
+        print("Min fold:        %16s at %s in %s" % (min_fold, min_fold_datetime, min_fold_zone))
+        print("Max fold:        %16s at %s in %s" % (max_fold, max_fold_datetime, max_fold_zone))
+
+
+    def transitions(self):
+        for (_, prev_ti), (t, ti) in pairs(zip(self.ut, self.ti)):
+            shift = ti[0] - prev_ti[0]
+            yield datetime.utcfromtimestamp(t), shift
+
+    def nondst_folds(self):
+        """Find all folds with the same value of isdst on both sides of the transition."""
+        for (_, prev_ti), (t, ti) in pairs(zip(self.ut, self.ti)):
+            shift = ti[0] - prev_ti[0]
+            if shift < ZERO and ti[1] == prev_ti[1]:
+                yield datetime.utcfromtimestamp(t), -shift, prev_ti[2], ti[2]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def print_all_nondst_folds(cls, same_abbr=False, start_year=1):
+        count = 0
+        for zonename in cls.zonenames():
+            tz = cls.fromname(zonename)
+            for dt, shift, prev_abbr, abbr in tz.nondst_folds():
+                if dt.year < start_year or same_abbr and prev_abbr != abbr:
+                    continue
+                count += 1
+                print("%3d) %-30s %s %10s %5s -> %s" %
+                      (count, zonename, dt, shift, prev_abbr, abbr))
+
+    def folds(self):
+        for t, shift in self.transitions():
+            if shift < ZERO:
+                yield t, -shift
+
+    def gaps(self):
+        for t, shift in self.transitions():
+            if shift > ZERO:
+                yield t, shift
+
+    def zeros(self):
+        for t, shift in self.transitions():
+            if not shift:
+                yield t
+
+
+class ZoneInfoTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    zonename = 'America/New_York'
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        if sys.platform == "win32":
+            self.skipTest("Skipping zoneinfo tests on Windows")
+        try:
+            self.tz = ZoneInfo.fromname(self.zonename)
+        except FileNotFoundError as err:
+            self.skipTest("Skipping %s: %s" % (self.zonename, err))
+
+    def assertEquivDatetimes(self, a, b):
+        self.assertEqual((a.replace(tzinfo=None), a.fold, id(a.tzinfo)),
+                         (b.replace(tzinfo=None), b.fold, id(b.tzinfo)))
+
+    def test_folds(self):
+        tz = self.tz
+        for dt, shift in tz.folds():
+            for x in [0 * shift, 0.5 * shift, shift - timedelta.resolution]:
+                udt = dt + x
+                ldt = tz.fromutc(udt.replace(tzinfo=tz))
+                self.assertEqual(ldt.fold, 1)
+                adt = udt.replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc).astimezone(tz)
+                self.assertEquivDatetimes(adt, ldt)
+                utcoffset = ldt.utcoffset()
+                self.assertEqual(ldt.replace(tzinfo=None), udt + utcoffset)
+                # Round trip
+                self.assertEquivDatetimes(ldt.astimezone(timezone.utc),
+                                          udt.replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc))
+
+
+            for x in [-timedelta.resolution, shift]:
+                udt = dt + x
+                udt = udt.replace(tzinfo=tz)
+                ldt = tz.fromutc(udt)
+                self.assertEqual(ldt.fold, 0)
+
+    def test_gaps(self):
+        tz = self.tz
+        for dt, shift in tz.gaps():
+            for x in [0 * shift, 0.5 * shift, shift - timedelta.resolution]:
+                udt = dt + x
+                udt = udt.replace(tzinfo=tz)
+                ldt = tz.fromutc(udt)
+                self.assertEqual(ldt.fold, 0)
+                adt = udt.replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc).astimezone(tz)
+                self.assertEquivDatetimes(adt, ldt)
+                utcoffset = ldt.utcoffset()
+                self.assertEqual(ldt.replace(tzinfo=None), udt.replace(tzinfo=None) + utcoffset)
+                # Create a local time inside the gap
+                ldt = tz.fromutc(dt.replace(tzinfo=tz)) - shift + x
+                self.assertLess(ldt.replace(fold=1).utcoffset(),
+                                ldt.replace(fold=0).utcoffset(),
+                                "At %s." % ldt)
+
+            for x in [-timedelta.resolution, shift]:
+                udt = dt + x
+                ldt = tz.fromutc(udt.replace(tzinfo=tz))
+                self.assertEqual(ldt.fold, 0)
+
+    def test_system_transitions(self):
+        if ('Riyadh8' in self.zonename or
+            # From tzdata NEWS file:
+            # The files solar87, solar88, and solar89 are no longer distributed.
+            # They were a negative experiment - that is, a demonstration that
+            # tz data can represent solar time only with some difficulty and error.
+            # Their presence in the distribution caused confusion, as Riyadh
+            # civil time was generally not solar time in those years.
+                self.zonename.startswith('right/')):
+            self.skipTest("Skipping %s" % self.zonename)
+        tz = self.tz
+        TZ = os.environ.get('TZ')
+        os.environ['TZ'] = self.zonename
+        try:
+            _time.tzset()
+            for udt, shift in tz.transitions():
+                if udt.year >= 2037:
+                    # System support for times around the end of 32-bit time_t
+                    # and later is flaky on many systems.
+                    break
+                s0 = (udt - datetime(1970, 1, 1)) // SEC
+                ss = shift // SEC   # shift seconds
+                for x in [-40 * 3600, -20*3600, -1, 0,
+                          ss - 1, ss + 20 * 3600, ss + 40 * 3600]:
+                    s = s0 + x
+                    sdt = datetime.fromtimestamp(s)
+                    tzdt = datetime.fromtimestamp(s, tz).replace(tzinfo=None)
+                    self.assertEquivDatetimes(sdt, tzdt)
+                    s1 = sdt.timestamp()
+                    self.assertEqual(s, s1)
+                if ss > 0:  # gap
+                    # Create local time inside the gap
+                    dt = datetime.fromtimestamp(s0) - shift / 2
+                    ts0 = dt.timestamp()
+                    ts1 = dt.replace(fold=1).timestamp()
+                    self.assertEqual(ts0, s0 + ss / 2)
+                    self.assertEqual(ts1, s0 - ss / 2)
+        finally:
+            if TZ is None:
+                del os.environ['TZ']
+            else:
+                os.environ['TZ'] = TZ
+            _time.tzset()
+
+
+class ZoneInfoCompleteTest(unittest.TestSuite):
+    def __init__(self):
+        tests = []
+        if is_resource_enabled('tzdata'):
+            for name in ZoneInfo.zonenames():
+                Test = type('ZoneInfoTest[%s]' % name, (ZoneInfoTest,), {})
+                Test.zonename = name
+                for method in dir(Test):
+                    if method.startswith('test_'):
+                        tests.append(Test(method))
+        super().__init__(tests)
+
+# Iran had a sub-minute UTC offset before 1946.
+class IranTest(ZoneInfoTest):
+    zonename = 'Asia/Tehran'
+
+def load_tests(loader, standard_tests, pattern):
+    standard_tests.addTest(ZoneInfoCompleteTest())
+    return standard_tests
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()