com.googler.python 1.1.4 → 1.1.5

package/python3.6.2/lib/python3.6/logging/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,2019 @@
+# Copyright 2001-2016 by Vinay Sajip. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its
+# documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted,
+# provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that
+# both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in
+# supporting documentation, and that the name of Vinay Sajip
+# not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution
+# of the software without specific, written prior permission.
+# VINAY SAJIP DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING
+# ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL
+# VINAY SAJIP BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR
+# ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER
+# IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT
+# OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+
+"""
+Logging package for Python. Based on PEP 282 and comments thereto in
+comp.lang.python.
+
+Copyright (C) 2001-2016 Vinay Sajip. All Rights Reserved.
+
+To use, simply 'import logging' and log away!
+"""
+
+import sys, os, time, io, traceback, warnings, weakref, collections
+
+from string import Template
+
+__all__ = ['BASIC_FORMAT', 'BufferingFormatter', 'CRITICAL', 'DEBUG', 'ERROR',
+           'FATAL', 'FileHandler', 'Filter', 'Formatter', 'Handler', 'INFO',
+           'LogRecord', 'Logger', 'LoggerAdapter', 'NOTSET', 'NullHandler',
+           'StreamHandler', 'WARN', 'WARNING', 'addLevelName', 'basicConfig',
+           'captureWarnings', 'critical', 'debug', 'disable', 'error',
+           'exception', 'fatal', 'getLevelName', 'getLogger', 'getLoggerClass',
+           'info', 'log', 'makeLogRecord', 'setLoggerClass', 'shutdown',
+           'warn', 'warning', 'getLogRecordFactory', 'setLogRecordFactory',
+           'lastResort', 'raiseExceptions']
+
+try:
+    import threading
+except ImportError: #pragma: no cover
+    threading = None
+
+__author__  = "Vinay Sajip <vinay_sajip@red-dove.com>"
+__status__  = "production"
+# The following module attributes are no longer updated.
+__version__ = "0.5.1.2"
+__date__    = "07 February 2010"
+
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#   Miscellaneous module data
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#
+#_startTime is used as the base when calculating the relative time of events
+#
+_startTime = time.time()
+
+#
+#raiseExceptions is used to see if exceptions during handling should be
+#propagated
+#
+raiseExceptions = True
+
+#
+# If you don't want threading information in the log, set this to zero
+#
+logThreads = True
+
+#
+# If you don't want multiprocessing information in the log, set this to zero
+#
+logMultiprocessing = True
+
+#
+# If you don't want process information in the log, set this to zero
+#
+logProcesses = True
+
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#   Level related stuff
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#
+# Default levels and level names, these can be replaced with any positive set
+# of values having corresponding names. There is a pseudo-level, NOTSET, which
+# is only really there as a lower limit for user-defined levels. Handlers and
+# loggers are initialized with NOTSET so that they will log all messages, even
+# at user-defined levels.
+#
+
+CRITICAL = 50
+FATAL = CRITICAL
+ERROR = 40
+WARNING = 30
+WARN = WARNING
+INFO = 20
+DEBUG = 10
+NOTSET = 0
+
+_levelToName = {
+    CRITICAL: 'CRITICAL',
+    ERROR: 'ERROR',
+    WARNING: 'WARNING',
+    INFO: 'INFO',
+    DEBUG: 'DEBUG',
+    NOTSET: 'NOTSET',
+}
+_nameToLevel = {
+    'CRITICAL': CRITICAL,
+    'FATAL': FATAL,
+    'ERROR': ERROR,
+    'WARN': WARNING,
+    'WARNING': WARNING,
+    'INFO': INFO,
+    'DEBUG': DEBUG,
+    'NOTSET': NOTSET,
+}
+
+def getLevelName(level):
+    """
+    Return the textual representation of logging level 'level'.
+
+    If the level is one of the predefined levels (CRITICAL, ERROR, WARNING,
+    INFO, DEBUG) then you get the corresponding string. If you have
+    associated levels with names using addLevelName then the name you have
+    associated with 'level' is returned.
+
+    If a numeric value corresponding to one of the defined levels is passed
+    in, the corresponding string representation is returned.
+
+    Otherwise, the string "Level %s" % level is returned.
+    """
+    # See Issues #22386, #27937 and #29220 for why it's this way
+    result = _levelToName.get(level)
+    if result is not None:
+        return result
+    result = _nameToLevel.get(level)
+    if result is not None:
+        return result
+    return "Level %s" % level
+
+def addLevelName(level, levelName):
+    """
+    Associate 'levelName' with 'level'.
+
+    This is used when converting levels to text during message formatting.
+    """
+    _acquireLock()
+    try:    #unlikely to cause an exception, but you never know...
+        _levelToName[level] = levelName
+        _nameToLevel[levelName] = level
+    finally:
+        _releaseLock()
+
+if hasattr(sys, '_getframe'):
+    currentframe = lambda: sys._getframe(3)
+else: #pragma: no cover
+    def currentframe():
+        """Return the frame object for the caller's stack frame."""
+        try:
+            raise Exception
+        except Exception:
+            return sys.exc_info()[2].tb_frame.f_back
+
+#
+# _srcfile is used when walking the stack to check when we've got the first
+# caller stack frame, by skipping frames whose filename is that of this
+# module's source. It therefore should contain the filename of this module's
+# source file.
+#
+# Ordinarily we would use __file__ for this, but frozen modules don't always
+# have __file__ set, for some reason (see Issue #21736). Thus, we get the
+# filename from a handy code object from a function defined in this module.
+# (There's no particular reason for picking addLevelName.)
+#
+
+_srcfile = os.path.normcase(addLevelName.__code__.co_filename)
+
+# _srcfile is only used in conjunction with sys._getframe().
+# To provide compatibility with older versions of Python, set _srcfile
+# to None if _getframe() is not available; this value will prevent
+# findCaller() from being called. You can also do this if you want to avoid
+# the overhead of fetching caller information, even when _getframe() is
+# available.
+#if not hasattr(sys, '_getframe'):
+#    _srcfile = None
+
+
+def _checkLevel(level):
+    if isinstance(level, int):
+        rv = level
+    elif str(level) == level:
+        if level not in _nameToLevel:
+            raise ValueError("Unknown level: %r" % level)
+        rv = _nameToLevel[level]
+    else:
+        raise TypeError("Level not an integer or a valid string: %r" % level)
+    return rv
+
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#   Thread-related stuff
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#
+#_lock is used to serialize access to shared data structures in this module.
+#This needs to be an RLock because fileConfig() creates and configures
+#Handlers, and so might arbitrary user threads. Since Handler code updates the
+#shared dictionary _handlers, it needs to acquire the lock. But if configuring,
+#the lock would already have been acquired - so we need an RLock.
+#The same argument applies to Loggers and Manager.loggerDict.
+#
+if threading:
+    _lock = threading.RLock()
+else: #pragma: no cover
+    _lock = None
+
+
+def _acquireLock():
+    """
+    Acquire the module-level lock for serializing access to shared data.
+
+    This should be released with _releaseLock().
+    """
+    if _lock:
+        _lock.acquire()
+
+def _releaseLock():
+    """
+    Release the module-level lock acquired by calling _acquireLock().
+    """
+    if _lock:
+        _lock.release()
+
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#   The logging record
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class LogRecord(object):
+    """
+    A LogRecord instance represents an event being logged.
+
+    LogRecord instances are created every time something is logged. They
+    contain all the information pertinent to the event being logged. The
+    main information passed in is in msg and args, which are combined
+    using str(msg) % args to create the message field of the record. The
+    record also includes information such as when the record was created,
+    the source line where the logging call was made, and any exception
+    information to be logged.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, name, level, pathname, lineno,
+                 msg, args, exc_info, func=None, sinfo=None, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Initialize a logging record with interesting information.
+        """
+        ct = time.time()
+        self.name = name
+        self.msg = msg
+        #
+        # The following statement allows passing of a dictionary as a sole
+        # argument, so that you can do something like
+        #  logging.debug("a %(a)d b %(b)s", {'a':1, 'b':2})
+        # Suggested by Stefan Behnel.
+        # Note that without the test for args[0], we get a problem because
+        # during formatting, we test to see if the arg is present using
+        # 'if self.args:'. If the event being logged is e.g. 'Value is %d'
+        # and if the passed arg fails 'if self.args:' then no formatting
+        # is done. For example, logger.warning('Value is %d', 0) would log
+        # 'Value is %d' instead of 'Value is 0'.
+        # For the use case of passing a dictionary, this should not be a
+        # problem.
+        # Issue #21172: a request was made to relax the isinstance check
+        # to hasattr(args[0], '__getitem__'). However, the docs on string
+        # formatting still seem to suggest a mapping object is required.
+        # Thus, while not removing the isinstance check, it does now look
+        # for collections.Mapping rather than, as before, dict.
+        if (args and len(args) == 1 and isinstance(args[0], collections.Mapping)
+            and args[0]):
+            args = args[0]
+        self.args = args
+        self.levelname = getLevelName(level)
+        self.levelno = level
+        self.pathname = pathname
+        try:
+            self.filename = os.path.basename(pathname)
+            self.module = os.path.splitext(self.filename)[0]
+        except (TypeError, ValueError, AttributeError):
+            self.filename = pathname
+            self.module = "Unknown module"
+        self.exc_info = exc_info
+        self.exc_text = None      # used to cache the traceback text
+        self.stack_info = sinfo
+        self.lineno = lineno
+        self.funcName = func
+        self.created = ct
+        self.msecs = (ct - int(ct)) * 1000
+        self.relativeCreated = (self.created - _startTime) * 1000
+        if logThreads and threading:
+            self.thread = threading.get_ident()
+            self.threadName = threading.current_thread().name
+        else: # pragma: no cover
+            self.thread = None
+            self.threadName = None
+        if not logMultiprocessing: # pragma: no cover
+            self.processName = None
+        else:
+            self.processName = 'MainProcess'
+            mp = sys.modules.get('multiprocessing')
+            if mp is not None:
+                # Errors may occur if multiprocessing has not finished loading
+                # yet - e.g. if a custom import hook causes third-party code
+                # to run when multiprocessing calls import. See issue 8200
+                # for an example
+                try:
+                    self.processName = mp.current_process().name
+                except Exception: #pragma: no cover
+                    pass
+        if logProcesses and hasattr(os, 'getpid'):
+            self.process = os.getpid()
+        else:
+            self.process = None
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return '<LogRecord: %s, %s, %s, %s, "%s">'%(self.name, self.levelno,
+            self.pathname, self.lineno, self.msg)
+
+    __repr__ = __str__
+
+    def getMessage(self):
+        """
+        Return the message for this LogRecord.
+
+        Return the message for this LogRecord after merging any user-supplied
+        arguments with the message.
+        """
+        msg = str(self.msg)
+        if self.args:
+            msg = msg % self.args
+        return msg
+
+#
+#   Determine which class to use when instantiating log records.
+#
+_logRecordFactory = LogRecord
+
+def setLogRecordFactory(factory):
+    """
+    Set the factory to be used when instantiating a log record.
+
+    :param factory: A callable which will be called to instantiate
+    a log record.
+    """
+    global _logRecordFactory
+    _logRecordFactory = factory
+
+def getLogRecordFactory():
+    """
+    Return the factory to be used when instantiating a log record.
+    """
+
+    return _logRecordFactory
+
+def makeLogRecord(dict):
+    """
+    Make a LogRecord whose attributes are defined by the specified dictionary,
+    This function is useful for converting a logging event received over
+    a socket connection (which is sent as a dictionary) into a LogRecord
+    instance.
+    """
+    rv = _logRecordFactory(None, None, "", 0, "", (), None, None)
+    rv.__dict__.update(dict)
+    return rv
+
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#   Formatter classes and functions
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class PercentStyle(object):
+
+    default_format = '%(message)s'
+    asctime_format = '%(asctime)s'
+    asctime_search = '%(asctime)'
+
+    def __init__(self, fmt):
+        self._fmt = fmt or self.default_format
+
+    def usesTime(self):
+        return self._fmt.find(self.asctime_search) >= 0
+
+    def format(self, record):
+        return self._fmt % record.__dict__
+
+class StrFormatStyle(PercentStyle):
+    default_format = '{message}'
+    asctime_format = '{asctime}'
+    asctime_search = '{asctime'
+
+    def format(self, record):
+        return self._fmt.format(**record.__dict__)
+
+
+class StringTemplateStyle(PercentStyle):
+    default_format = '${message}'
+    asctime_format = '${asctime}'
+    asctime_search = '${asctime}'
+
+    def __init__(self, fmt):
+        self._fmt = fmt or self.default_format
+        self._tpl = Template(self._fmt)
+
+    def usesTime(self):
+        fmt = self._fmt
+        return fmt.find('$asctime') >= 0 or fmt.find(self.asctime_format) >= 0
+
+    def format(self, record):
+        return self._tpl.substitute(**record.__dict__)
+
+BASIC_FORMAT = "%(levelname)s:%(name)s:%(message)s"
+
+_STYLES = {
+    '%': (PercentStyle, BASIC_FORMAT),
+    '{': (StrFormatStyle, '{levelname}:{name}:{message}'),
+    '$': (StringTemplateStyle, '${levelname}:${name}:${message}'),
+}
+
+class Formatter(object):
+    """
+    Formatter instances are used to convert a LogRecord to text.
+
+    Formatters need to know how a LogRecord is constructed. They are
+    responsible for converting a LogRecord to (usually) a string which can
+    be interpreted by either a human or an external system. The base Formatter
+    allows a formatting string to be specified. If none is supplied, the
+    default value of "%s(message)" is used.
+
+    The Formatter can be initialized with a format string which makes use of
+    knowledge of the LogRecord attributes - e.g. the default value mentioned
+    above makes use of the fact that the user's message and arguments are pre-
+    formatted into a LogRecord's message attribute. Currently, the useful
+    attributes in a LogRecord are described by:
+
+    %(name)s            Name of the logger (logging channel)
+    %(levelno)s         Numeric logging level for the message (DEBUG, INFO,
+                        WARNING, ERROR, CRITICAL)
+    %(levelname)s       Text logging level for the message ("DEBUG", "INFO",
+                        "WARNING", "ERROR", "CRITICAL")
+    %(pathname)s        Full pathname of the source file where the logging
+                        call was issued (if available)
+    %(filename)s        Filename portion of pathname
+    %(module)s          Module (name portion of filename)
+    %(lineno)d          Source line number where the logging call was issued
+                        (if available)
+    %(funcName)s        Function name
+    %(created)f         Time when the LogRecord was created (time.time()
+                        return value)
+    %(asctime)s         Textual time when the LogRecord was created
+    %(msecs)d           Millisecond portion of the creation time
+    %(relativeCreated)d Time in milliseconds when the LogRecord was created,
+                        relative to the time the logging module was loaded
+                        (typically at application startup time)
+    %(thread)d          Thread ID (if available)
+    %(threadName)s      Thread name (if available)
+    %(process)d         Process ID (if available)
+    %(message)s         The result of record.getMessage(), computed just as
+                        the record is emitted
+    """
+
+    converter = time.localtime
+
+    def __init__(self, fmt=None, datefmt=None, style='%'):
+        """
+        Initialize the formatter with specified format strings.
+
+        Initialize the formatter either with the specified format string, or a
+        default as described above. Allow for specialized date formatting with
+        the optional datefmt argument (if omitted, you get the ISO8601 format).
+
+        Use a style parameter of '%', '{' or '$' to specify that you want to
+        use one of %-formatting, :meth:`str.format` (``{}``) formatting or
+        :class:`string.Template` formatting in your format string.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 3.2
+           Added the ``style`` parameter.
+        """
+        if style not in _STYLES:
+            raise ValueError('Style must be one of: %s' % ','.join(
+                             _STYLES.keys()))
+        self._style = _STYLES[style][0](fmt)
+        self._fmt = self._style._fmt
+        self.datefmt = datefmt
+
+    default_time_format = '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'
+    default_msec_format = '%s,%03d'
+
+    def formatTime(self, record, datefmt=None):
+        """
+        Return the creation time of the specified LogRecord as formatted text.
+
+        This method should be called from format() by a formatter which
+        wants to make use of a formatted time. This method can be overridden
+        in formatters to provide for any specific requirement, but the
+        basic behaviour is as follows: if datefmt (a string) is specified,
+        it is used with time.strftime() to format the creation time of the
+        record. Otherwise, the ISO8601 format is used. The resulting
+        string is returned. This function uses a user-configurable function
+        to convert the creation time to a tuple. By default, time.localtime()
+        is used; to change this for a particular formatter instance, set the
+        'converter' attribute to a function with the same signature as
+        time.localtime() or time.gmtime(). To change it for all formatters,
+        for example if you want all logging times to be shown in GMT,
+        set the 'converter' attribute in the Formatter class.
+        """
+        ct = self.converter(record.created)
+        if datefmt:
+            s = time.strftime(datefmt, ct)
+        else:
+            t = time.strftime(self.default_time_format, ct)
+            s = self.default_msec_format % (t, record.msecs)
+        return s
+
+    def formatException(self, ei):
+        """
+        Format and return the specified exception information as a string.
+
+        This default implementation just uses
+        traceback.print_exception()
+        """
+        sio = io.StringIO()
+        tb = ei[2]
+        # See issues #9427, #1553375. Commented out for now.
+        #if getattr(self, 'fullstack', False):
+        #    traceback.print_stack(tb.tb_frame.f_back, file=sio)
+        traceback.print_exception(ei[0], ei[1], tb, None, sio)
+        s = sio.getvalue()
+        sio.close()
+        if s[-1:] == "\n":
+            s = s[:-1]
+        return s
+
+    def usesTime(self):
+        """
+        Check if the format uses the creation time of the record.
+        """
+        return self._style.usesTime()
+
+    def formatMessage(self, record):
+        return self._style.format(record)
+
+    def formatStack(self, stack_info):
+        """
+        This method is provided as an extension point for specialized
+        formatting of stack information.
+
+        The input data is a string as returned from a call to
+        :func:`traceback.print_stack`, but with the last trailing newline
+        removed.
+
+        The base implementation just returns the value passed in.
+        """
+        return stack_info
+
+    def format(self, record):
+        """
+        Format the specified record as text.
+
+        The record's attribute dictionary is used as the operand to a
+        string formatting operation which yields the returned string.
+        Before formatting the dictionary, a couple of preparatory steps
+        are carried out. The message attribute of the record is computed
+        using LogRecord.getMessage(). If the formatting string uses the
+        time (as determined by a call to usesTime(), formatTime() is
+        called to format the event time. If there is exception information,
+        it is formatted using formatException() and appended to the message.
+        """
+        record.message = record.getMessage()
+        if self.usesTime():
+            record.asctime = self.formatTime(record, self.datefmt)
+        s = self.formatMessage(record)
+        if record.exc_info:
+            # Cache the traceback text to avoid converting it multiple times
+            # (it's constant anyway)
+            if not record.exc_text:
+                record.exc_text = self.formatException(record.exc_info)
+        if record.exc_text:
+            if s[-1:] != "\n":
+                s = s + "\n"
+            s = s + record.exc_text
+        if record.stack_info:
+            if s[-1:] != "\n":
+                s = s + "\n"
+            s = s + self.formatStack(record.stack_info)
+        return s
+
+#
+#   The default formatter to use when no other is specified
+#
+_defaultFormatter = Formatter()
+
+class BufferingFormatter(object):
+    """
+    A formatter suitable for formatting a number of records.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, linefmt=None):
+        """
+        Optionally specify a formatter which will be used to format each
+        individual record.
+        """
+        if linefmt:
+            self.linefmt = linefmt
+        else:
+            self.linefmt = _defaultFormatter
+
+    def formatHeader(self, records):
+        """
+        Return the header string for the specified records.
+        """
+        return ""
+
+    def formatFooter(self, records):
+        """
+        Return the footer string for the specified records.
+        """
+        return ""
+
+    def format(self, records):
+        """
+        Format the specified records and return the result as a string.
+        """
+        rv = ""
+        if len(records) > 0:
+            rv = rv + self.formatHeader(records)
+            for record in records:
+                rv = rv + self.linefmt.format(record)
+            rv = rv + self.formatFooter(records)
+        return rv
+
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#   Filter classes and functions
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class Filter(object):
+    """
+    Filter instances are used to perform arbitrary filtering of LogRecords.
+
+    Loggers and Handlers can optionally use Filter instances to filter
+    records as desired. The base filter class only allows events which are
+    below a certain point in the logger hierarchy. For example, a filter
+    initialized with "A.B" will allow events logged by loggers "A.B",
+    "A.B.C", "A.B.C.D", "A.B.D" etc. but not "A.BB", "B.A.B" etc. If
+    initialized with the empty string, all events are passed.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, name=''):
+        """
+        Initialize a filter.
+
+        Initialize with the name of the logger which, together with its
+        children, will have its events allowed through the filter. If no
+        name is specified, allow every event.
+        """
+        self.name = name
+        self.nlen = len(name)
+
+    def filter(self, record):
+        """
+        Determine if the specified record is to be logged.
+
+        Is the specified record to be logged? Returns 0 for no, nonzero for
+        yes. If deemed appropriate, the record may be modified in-place.
+        """
+        if self.nlen == 0:
+            return True
+        elif self.name == record.name:
+            return True
+        elif record.name.find(self.name, 0, self.nlen) != 0:
+            return False
+        return (record.name[self.nlen] == ".")
+
+class Filterer(object):
+    """
+    A base class for loggers and handlers which allows them to share
+    common code.
+    """
+    def __init__(self):
+        """
+        Initialize the list of filters to be an empty list.
+        """
+        self.filters = []
+
+    def addFilter(self, filter):
+        """
+        Add the specified filter to this handler.
+        """
+        if not (filter in self.filters):
+            self.filters.append(filter)
+
+    def removeFilter(self, filter):
+        """
+        Remove the specified filter from this handler.
+        """
+        if filter in self.filters:
+            self.filters.remove(filter)
+
+    def filter(self, record):
+        """
+        Determine if a record is loggable by consulting all the filters.
+
+        The default is to allow the record to be logged; any filter can veto
+        this and the record is then dropped. Returns a zero value if a record
+        is to be dropped, else non-zero.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 3.2
+
+           Allow filters to be just callables.
+        """
+        rv = True
+        for f in self.filters:
+            if hasattr(f, 'filter'):
+                result = f.filter(record)
+            else:
+                result = f(record) # assume callable - will raise if not
+            if not result:
+                rv = False
+                break
+        return rv
+
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#   Handler classes and functions
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+_handlers = weakref.WeakValueDictionary()  #map of handler names to handlers
+_handlerList = [] # added to allow handlers to be removed in reverse of order initialized
+
+def _removeHandlerRef(wr):
+    """
+    Remove a handler reference from the internal cleanup list.
+    """
+    # This function can be called during module teardown, when globals are
+    # set to None. It can also be called from another thread. So we need to
+    # pre-emptively grab the necessary globals and check if they're None,
+    # to prevent race conditions and failures during interpreter shutdown.
+    acquire, release, handlers = _acquireLock, _releaseLock, _handlerList
+    if acquire and release and handlers:
+        acquire()
+        try:
+            if wr in handlers:
+                handlers.remove(wr)
+        finally:
+            release()
+
+def _addHandlerRef(handler):
+    """
+    Add a handler to the internal cleanup list using a weak reference.
+    """
+    _acquireLock()
+    try:
+        _handlerList.append(weakref.ref(handler, _removeHandlerRef))
+    finally:
+        _releaseLock()
+
+class Handler(Filterer):
+    """
+    Handler instances dispatch logging events to specific destinations.
+
+    The base handler class. Acts as a placeholder which defines the Handler
+    interface. Handlers can optionally use Formatter instances to format
+    records as desired. By default, no formatter is specified; in this case,
+    the 'raw' message as determined by record.message is logged.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, level=NOTSET):
+        """
+        Initializes the instance - basically setting the formatter to None
+        and the filter list to empty.
+        """
+        Filterer.__init__(self)
+        self._name = None
+        self.level = _checkLevel(level)
+        self.formatter = None
+        # Add the handler to the global _handlerList (for cleanup on shutdown)
+        _addHandlerRef(self)
+        self.createLock()
+
+    def get_name(self):
+        return self._name
+
+    def set_name(self, name):
+        _acquireLock()
+        try:
+            if self._name in _handlers:
+                del _handlers[self._name]
+            self._name = name
+            if name:
+                _handlers[name] = self
+        finally:
+            _releaseLock()
+
+    name = property(get_name, set_name)
+
+    def createLock(self):
+        """
+        Acquire a thread lock for serializing access to the underlying I/O.
+        """
+        if threading:
+            self.lock = threading.RLock()
+        else: #pragma: no cover
+            self.lock = None
+
+    def acquire(self):
+        """
+        Acquire the I/O thread lock.
+        """
+        if self.lock:
+            self.lock.acquire()
+
+    def release(self):
+        """
+        Release the I/O thread lock.
+        """
+        if self.lock:
+            self.lock.release()
+
+    def setLevel(self, level):
+        """
+        Set the logging level of this handler.  level must be an int or a str.
+        """
+        self.level = _checkLevel(level)
+
+    def format(self, record):
+        """
+        Format the specified record.
+
+        If a formatter is set, use it. Otherwise, use the default formatter
+        for the module.
+        """
+        if self.formatter:
+            fmt = self.formatter
+        else:
+            fmt = _defaultFormatter
+        return fmt.format(record)
+
+    def emit(self, record):
+        """
+        Do whatever it takes to actually log the specified logging record.
+
+        This version is intended to be implemented by subclasses and so
+        raises a NotImplementedError.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError('emit must be implemented '
+                                  'by Handler subclasses')
+
+    def handle(self, record):
+        """
+        Conditionally emit the specified logging record.
+
+        Emission depends on filters which may have been added to the handler.
+        Wrap the actual emission of the record with acquisition/release of
+        the I/O thread lock. Returns whether the filter passed the record for
+        emission.
+        """
+        rv = self.filter(record)
+        if rv:
+            self.acquire()
+            try:
+                self.emit(record)
+            finally:
+                self.release()
+        return rv
+
+    def setFormatter(self, fmt):
+        """
+        Set the formatter for this handler.
+        """
+        self.formatter = fmt
+
+    def flush(self):
+        """
+        Ensure all logging output has been flushed.
+
+        This version does nothing and is intended to be implemented by
+        subclasses.
+        """
+        pass
+
+    def close(self):
+        """
+        Tidy up any resources used by the handler.
+
+        This version removes the handler from an internal map of handlers,
+        _handlers, which is used for handler lookup by name. Subclasses
+        should ensure that this gets called from overridden close()
+        methods.
+        """
+        #get the module data lock, as we're updating a shared structure.
+        _acquireLock()
+        try:    #unlikely to raise an exception, but you never know...
+            if self._name and self._name in _handlers:
+                del _handlers[self._name]
+        finally:
+            _releaseLock()
+
+    def handleError(self, record):
+        """
+        Handle errors which occur during an emit() call.
+
+        This method should be called from handlers when an exception is
+        encountered during an emit() call. If raiseExceptions is false,
+        exceptions get silently ignored. This is what is mostly wanted
+        for a logging system - most users will not care about errors in
+        the logging system, they are more interested in application errors.
+        You could, however, replace this with a custom handler if you wish.
+        The record which was being processed is passed in to this method.
+        """
+        if raiseExceptions and sys.stderr:  # see issue 13807
+            t, v, tb = sys.exc_info()
+            try:
+                sys.stderr.write('--- Logging error ---\n')
+                traceback.print_exception(t, v, tb, None, sys.stderr)
+                sys.stderr.write('Call stack:\n')
+                # Walk the stack frame up until we're out of logging,
+                # so as to print the calling context.
+                frame = tb.tb_frame
+                while (frame and os.path.dirname(frame.f_code.co_filename) ==
+                       __path__[0]):
+                    frame = frame.f_back
+                if frame:
+                    traceback.print_stack(frame, file=sys.stderr)
+                else:
+                    # couldn't find the right stack frame, for some reason
+                    sys.stderr.write('Logged from file %s, line %s\n' % (
+                                     record.filename, record.lineno))
+                # Issue 18671: output logging message and arguments
+                try:
+                    sys.stderr.write('Message: %r\n'
+                                     'Arguments: %s\n' % (record.msg,
+                                                          record.args))
+                except Exception:
+                    sys.stderr.write('Unable to print the message and arguments'
+                                     ' - possible formatting error.\nUse the'
+                                     ' traceback above to help find the error.\n'
+                                    )
+            except OSError: #pragma: no cover
+                pass    # see issue 5971
+            finally:
+                del t, v, tb
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        level = getLevelName(self.level)
+        return '<%s (%s)>' % (self.__class__.__name__, level)
+
+class StreamHandler(Handler):
+    """
+    A handler class which writes logging records, appropriately formatted,
+    to a stream. Note that this class does not close the stream, as
+    sys.stdout or sys.stderr may be used.
+    """
+
+    terminator = '\n'
+
+    def __init__(self, stream=None):
+        """
+        Initialize the handler.
+
+        If stream is not specified, sys.stderr is used.
+        """
+        Handler.__init__(self)
+        if stream is None:
+            stream = sys.stderr
+        self.stream = stream
+
+    def flush(self):
+        """
+        Flushes the stream.
+        """
+        self.acquire()
+        try:
+            if self.stream and hasattr(self.stream, "flush"):
+                self.stream.flush()
+        finally:
+            self.release()
+
+    def emit(self, record):
+        """
+        Emit a record.
+
+        If a formatter is specified, it is used to format the record.
+        The record is then written to the stream with a trailing newline.  If
+        exception information is present, it is formatted using
+        traceback.print_exception and appended to the stream.  If the stream
+        has an 'encoding' attribute, it is used to determine how to do the
+        output to the stream.
+        """
+        try:
+            msg = self.format(record)
+            stream = self.stream
+            stream.write(msg)
+            stream.write(self.terminator)
+            self.flush()
+        except Exception:
+            self.handleError(record)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        level = getLevelName(self.level)
+        name = getattr(self.stream, 'name', '')
+        if name:
+            name += ' '
+        return '<%s %s(%s)>' % (self.__class__.__name__, name, level)
+
+
+class FileHandler(StreamHandler):
+    """
+    A handler class which writes formatted logging records to disk files.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, filename, mode='a', encoding=None, delay=False):
+        """
+        Open the specified file and use it as the stream for logging.
+        """
+        # Issue #27493: add support for Path objects to be passed in
+        filename = os.fspath(filename)
+        #keep the absolute path, otherwise derived classes which use this
+        #may come a cropper when the current directory changes
+        self.baseFilename = os.path.abspath(filename)
+        self.mode = mode
+        self.encoding = encoding
+        self.delay = delay
+        if delay:
+            #We don't open the stream, but we still need to call the
+            #Handler constructor to set level, formatter, lock etc.
+            Handler.__init__(self)
+            self.stream = None
+        else:
+            StreamHandler.__init__(self, self._open())
+
+    def close(self):
+        """
+        Closes the stream.
+        """
+        self.acquire()
+        try:
+            try:
+                if self.stream:
+                    try:
+                        self.flush()
+                    finally:
+                        stream = self.stream
+                        self.stream = None
+                        if hasattr(stream, "close"):
+                            stream.close()
+            finally:
+                # Issue #19523: call unconditionally to
+                # prevent a handler leak when delay is set
+                StreamHandler.close(self)
+        finally:
+            self.release()
+
+    def _open(self):
+        """
+        Open the current base file with the (original) mode and encoding.
+        Return the resulting stream.
+        """
+        return open(self.baseFilename, self.mode, encoding=self.encoding)
+
+    def emit(self, record):
+        """
+        Emit a record.
+
+        If the stream was not opened because 'delay' was specified in the
+        constructor, open it before calling the superclass's emit.
+        """
+        if self.stream is None:
+            self.stream = self._open()
+        StreamHandler.emit(self, record)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        level = getLevelName(self.level)
+        return '<%s %s (%s)>' % (self.__class__.__name__, self.baseFilename, level)
+
+
+class _StderrHandler(StreamHandler):
+    """
+    This class is like a StreamHandler using sys.stderr, but always uses
+    whatever sys.stderr is currently set to rather than the value of
+    sys.stderr at handler construction time.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, level=NOTSET):
+        """
+        Initialize the handler.
+        """
+        Handler.__init__(self, level)
+
+    @property
+    def stream(self):
+        return sys.stderr
+
+
+_defaultLastResort = _StderrHandler(WARNING)
+lastResort = _defaultLastResort
+
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#   Manager classes and functions
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class PlaceHolder(object):
+    """
+    PlaceHolder instances are used in the Manager logger hierarchy to take
+    the place of nodes for which no loggers have been defined. This class is
+    intended for internal use only and not as part of the public API.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, alogger):
+        """
+        Initialize with the specified logger being a child of this placeholder.
+        """
+        self.loggerMap = { alogger : None }
+
+    def append(self, alogger):
+        """
+        Add the specified logger as a child of this placeholder.
+        """
+        if alogger not in self.loggerMap:
+            self.loggerMap[alogger] = None
+
+#
+#   Determine which class to use when instantiating loggers.
+#
+
+def setLoggerClass(klass):
+    """
+    Set the class to be used when instantiating a logger. The class should
+    define __init__() such that only a name argument is required, and the
+    __init__() should call Logger.__init__()
+    """
+    if klass != Logger:
+        if not issubclass(klass, Logger):
+            raise TypeError("logger not derived from logging.Logger: "
+                            + klass.__name__)
+    global _loggerClass
+    _loggerClass = klass
+
+def getLoggerClass():
+    """
+    Return the class to be used when instantiating a logger.
+    """
+    return _loggerClass
+
+class Manager(object):
+    """
+    There is [under normal circumstances] just one Manager instance, which
+    holds the hierarchy of loggers.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, rootnode):
+        """
+        Initialize the manager with the root node of the logger hierarchy.
+        """
+        self.root = rootnode
+        self.disable = 0
+        self.emittedNoHandlerWarning = False
+        self.loggerDict = {}
+        self.loggerClass = None
+        self.logRecordFactory = None
+
+    def getLogger(self, name):
+        """
+        Get a logger with the specified name (channel name), creating it
+        if it doesn't yet exist. This name is a dot-separated hierarchical
+        name, such as "a", "a.b", "a.b.c" or similar.
+
+        If a PlaceHolder existed for the specified name [i.e. the logger
+        didn't exist but a child of it did], replace it with the created
+        logger and fix up the parent/child references which pointed to the
+        placeholder to now point to the logger.
+        """
+        rv = None
+        if not isinstance(name, str):
+            raise TypeError('A logger name must be a string')
+        _acquireLock()
+        try:
+            if name in self.loggerDict:
+                rv = self.loggerDict[name]
+                if isinstance(rv, PlaceHolder):
+                    ph = rv
+                    rv = (self.loggerClass or _loggerClass)(name)
+                    rv.manager = self
+                    self.loggerDict[name] = rv
+                    self._fixupChildren(ph, rv)
+                    self._fixupParents(rv)
+            else:
+                rv = (self.loggerClass or _loggerClass)(name)
+                rv.manager = self
+                self.loggerDict[name] = rv
+                self._fixupParents(rv)
+        finally:
+            _releaseLock()
+        return rv
+
+    def setLoggerClass(self, klass):
+        """
+        Set the class to be used when instantiating a logger with this Manager.
+        """
+        if klass != Logger:
+            if not issubclass(klass, Logger):
+                raise TypeError("logger not derived from logging.Logger: "
+                                + klass.__name__)
+        self.loggerClass = klass
+
+    def setLogRecordFactory(self, factory):
+        """
+        Set the factory to be used when instantiating a log record with this
+        Manager.
+        """
+        self.logRecordFactory = factory
+
+    def _fixupParents(self, alogger):
+        """
+        Ensure that there are either loggers or placeholders all the way
+        from the specified logger to the root of the logger hierarchy.
+        """
+        name = alogger.name
+        i = name.rfind(".")
+        rv = None
+        while (i > 0) and not rv:
+            substr = name[:i]
+            if substr not in self.loggerDict:
+                self.loggerDict[substr] = PlaceHolder(alogger)
+            else:
+                obj = self.loggerDict[substr]
+                if isinstance(obj, Logger):
+                    rv = obj
+                else:
+                    assert isinstance(obj, PlaceHolder)
+                    obj.append(alogger)
+            i = name.rfind(".", 0, i - 1)
+        if not rv:
+            rv = self.root
+        alogger.parent = rv
+
+    def _fixupChildren(self, ph, alogger):
+        """
+        Ensure that children of the placeholder ph are connected to the
+        specified logger.
+        """
+        name = alogger.name
+        namelen = len(name)
+        for c in ph.loggerMap.keys():
+            #The if means ... if not c.parent.name.startswith(nm)
+            if c.parent.name[:namelen] != name:
+                alogger.parent = c.parent
+                c.parent = alogger
+
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#   Logger classes and functions
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class Logger(Filterer):
+    """
+    Instances of the Logger class represent a single logging channel. A
+    "logging channel" indicates an area of an application. Exactly how an
+    "area" is defined is up to the application developer. Since an
+    application can have any number of areas, logging channels are identified
+    by a unique string. Application areas can be nested (e.g. an area
+    of "input processing" might include sub-areas "read CSV files", "read
+    XLS files" and "read Gnumeric files"). To cater for this natural nesting,
+    channel names are organized into a namespace hierarchy where levels are
+    separated by periods, much like the Java or Python package namespace. So
+    in the instance given above, channel names might be "input" for the upper
+    level, and "input.csv", "input.xls" and "input.gnu" for the sub-levels.
+    There is no arbitrary limit to the depth of nesting.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, name, level=NOTSET):
+        """
+        Initialize the logger with a name and an optional level.
+        """
+        Filterer.__init__(self)
+        self.name = name
+        self.level = _checkLevel(level)
+        self.parent = None
+        self.propagate = True
+        self.handlers = []
+        self.disabled = False
+
+    def setLevel(self, level):
+        """
+        Set the logging level of this logger.  level must be an int or a str.
+        """
+        self.level = _checkLevel(level)
+
+    def debug(self, msg, *args, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Log 'msg % args' with severity 'DEBUG'.
+
+        To pass exception information, use the keyword argument exc_info with
+        a true value, e.g.
+
+        logger.debug("Houston, we have a %s", "thorny problem", exc_info=1)
+        """
+        if self.isEnabledFor(DEBUG):
+            self._log(DEBUG, msg, args, **kwargs)
+
+    def info(self, msg, *args, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Log 'msg % args' with severity 'INFO'.
+
+        To pass exception information, use the keyword argument exc_info with
+        a true value, e.g.
+
+        logger.info("Houston, we have a %s", "interesting problem", exc_info=1)
+        """
+        if self.isEnabledFor(INFO):
+            self._log(INFO, msg, args, **kwargs)
+
+    def warning(self, msg, *args, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Log 'msg % args' with severity 'WARNING'.
+
+        To pass exception information, use the keyword argument exc_info with
+        a true value, e.g.
+
+        logger.warning("Houston, we have a %s", "bit of a problem", exc_info=1)
+        """
+        if self.isEnabledFor(WARNING):
+            self._log(WARNING, msg, args, **kwargs)
+
+    def warn(self, msg, *args, **kwargs):
+        warnings.warn("The 'warn' method is deprecated, "
+            "use 'warning' instead", DeprecationWarning, 2)
+        self.warning(msg, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    def error(self, msg, *args, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Log 'msg % args' with severity 'ERROR'.
+
+        To pass exception information, use the keyword argument exc_info with
+        a true value, e.g.
+
+        logger.error("Houston, we have a %s", "major problem", exc_info=1)
+        """
+        if self.isEnabledFor(ERROR):
+            self._log(ERROR, msg, args, **kwargs)
+
+    def exception(self, msg, *args, exc_info=True, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Convenience method for logging an ERROR with exception information.
+        """
+        self.error(msg, *args, exc_info=exc_info, **kwargs)
+
+    def critical(self, msg, *args, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Log 'msg % args' with severity 'CRITICAL'.
+
+        To pass exception information, use the keyword argument exc_info with
+        a true value, e.g.
+
+        logger.critical("Houston, we have a %s", "major disaster", exc_info=1)
+        """
+        if self.isEnabledFor(CRITICAL):
+            self._log(CRITICAL, msg, args, **kwargs)
+
+    fatal = critical
+
+    def log(self, level, msg, *args, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Log 'msg % args' with the integer severity 'level'.
+
+        To pass exception information, use the keyword argument exc_info with
+        a true value, e.g.
+
+        logger.log(level, "We have a %s", "mysterious problem", exc_info=1)
+        """
+        if not isinstance(level, int):
+            if raiseExceptions:
+                raise TypeError("level must be an integer")
+            else:
+                return
+        if self.isEnabledFor(level):
+            self._log(level, msg, args, **kwargs)
+
+    def findCaller(self, stack_info=False):
+        """
+        Find the stack frame of the caller so that we can note the source
+        file name, line number and function name.
+        """
+        f = currentframe()
+        #On some versions of IronPython, currentframe() returns None if
+        #IronPython isn't run with -X:Frames.
+        if f is not None:
+            f = f.f_back
+        rv = "(unknown file)", 0, "(unknown function)", None
+        while hasattr(f, "f_code"):
+            co = f.f_code
+            filename = os.path.normcase(co.co_filename)
+            if filename == _srcfile:
+                f = f.f_back
+                continue
+            sinfo = None
+            if stack_info:
+                sio = io.StringIO()
+                sio.write('Stack (most recent call last):\n')
+                traceback.print_stack(f, file=sio)
+                sinfo = sio.getvalue()
+                if sinfo[-1] == '\n':
+                    sinfo = sinfo[:-1]
+                sio.close()
+            rv = (co.co_filename, f.f_lineno, co.co_name, sinfo)
+            break
+        return rv
+
+    def makeRecord(self, name, level, fn, lno, msg, args, exc_info,
+                   func=None, extra=None, sinfo=None):
+        """
+        A factory method which can be overridden in subclasses to create
+        specialized LogRecords.
+        """
+        rv = _logRecordFactory(name, level, fn, lno, msg, args, exc_info, func,
+                             sinfo)
+        if extra is not None:
+            for key in extra:
+                if (key in ["message", "asctime"]) or (key in rv.__dict__):
+                    raise KeyError("Attempt to overwrite %r in LogRecord" % key)
+                rv.__dict__[key] = extra[key]
+        return rv
+
+    def _log(self, level, msg, args, exc_info=None, extra=None, stack_info=False):
+        """
+        Low-level logging routine which creates a LogRecord and then calls
+        all the handlers of this logger to handle the record.
+        """
+        sinfo = None
+        if _srcfile:
+            #IronPython doesn't track Python frames, so findCaller raises an
+            #exception on some versions of IronPython. We trap it here so that
+            #IronPython can use logging.
+            try:
+                fn, lno, func, sinfo = self.findCaller(stack_info)
+            except ValueError: # pragma: no cover
+                fn, lno, func = "(unknown file)", 0, "(unknown function)"
+        else: # pragma: no cover
+            fn, lno, func = "(unknown file)", 0, "(unknown function)"
+        if exc_info:
+            if isinstance(exc_info, BaseException):
+                exc_info = (type(exc_info), exc_info, exc_info.__traceback__)
+            elif not isinstance(exc_info, tuple):
+                exc_info = sys.exc_info()
+        record = self.makeRecord(self.name, level, fn, lno, msg, args,
+                                 exc_info, func, extra, sinfo)
+        self.handle(record)
+
+    def handle(self, record):
+        """
+        Call the handlers for the specified record.
+
+        This method is used for unpickled records received from a socket, as
+        well as those created locally. Logger-level filtering is applied.
+        """
+        if (not self.disabled) and self.filter(record):
+            self.callHandlers(record)
+
+    def addHandler(self, hdlr):
+        """
+        Add the specified handler to this logger.
+        """
+        _acquireLock()
+        try:
+            if not (hdlr in self.handlers):
+                self.handlers.append(hdlr)
+        finally:
+            _releaseLock()
+
+    def removeHandler(self, hdlr):
+        """
+        Remove the specified handler from this logger.
+        """
+        _acquireLock()
+        try:
+            if hdlr in self.handlers:
+                self.handlers.remove(hdlr)
+        finally:
+            _releaseLock()
+
+    def hasHandlers(self):
+        """
+        See if this logger has any handlers configured.
+
+        Loop through all handlers for this logger and its parents in the
+        logger hierarchy. Return True if a handler was found, else False.
+        Stop searching up the hierarchy whenever a logger with the "propagate"
+        attribute set to zero is found - that will be the last logger which
+        is checked for the existence of handlers.
+        """
+        c = self
+        rv = False
+        while c:
+            if c.handlers:
+                rv = True
+                break
+            if not c.propagate:
+                break
+            else:
+                c = c.parent
+        return rv
+
+    def callHandlers(self, record):
+        """
+        Pass a record to all relevant handlers.
+
+        Loop through all handlers for this logger and its parents in the
+        logger hierarchy. If no handler was found, output a one-off error
+        message to sys.stderr. Stop searching up the hierarchy whenever a
+        logger with the "propagate" attribute set to zero is found - that
+        will be the last logger whose handlers are called.
+        """
+        c = self
+        found = 0
+        while c:
+            for hdlr in c.handlers:
+                found = found + 1
+                if record.levelno >= hdlr.level:
+                    hdlr.handle(record)
+            if not c.propagate:
+                c = None    #break out
+            else:
+                c = c.parent
+        if (found == 0):
+            if lastResort:
+                if record.levelno >= lastResort.level:
+                    lastResort.handle(record)
+            elif raiseExceptions and not self.manager.emittedNoHandlerWarning:
+                sys.stderr.write("No handlers could be found for logger"
+                                 " \"%s\"\n" % self.name)
+                self.manager.emittedNoHandlerWarning = True
+
+    def getEffectiveLevel(self):
+        """
+        Get the effective level for this logger.
+
+        Loop through this logger and its parents in the logger hierarchy,
+        looking for a non-zero logging level. Return the first one found.
+        """
+        logger = self
+        while logger:
+            if logger.level:
+                return logger.level
+            logger = logger.parent
+        return NOTSET
+
+    def isEnabledFor(self, level):
+        """
+        Is this logger enabled for level 'level'?
+        """
+        if self.manager.disable >= level:
+            return False
+        return level >= self.getEffectiveLevel()
+
+    def getChild(self, suffix):
+        """
+        Get a logger which is a descendant to this one.
+
+        This is a convenience method, such that
+
+        logging.getLogger('abc').getChild('def.ghi')
+
+        is the same as
+
+        logging.getLogger('abc.def.ghi')
+
+        It's useful, for example, when the parent logger is named using
+        __name__ rather than a literal string.
+        """
+        if self.root is not self:
+            suffix = '.'.join((self.name, suffix))
+        return self.manager.getLogger(suffix)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        level = getLevelName(self.getEffectiveLevel())
+        return '<%s %s (%s)>' % (self.__class__.__name__, self.name, level)
+
+
+class RootLogger(Logger):
+    """
+    A root logger is not that different to any other logger, except that
+    it must have a logging level and there is only one instance of it in
+    the hierarchy.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, level):
+        """
+        Initialize the logger with the name "root".
+        """
+        Logger.__init__(self, "root", level)
+
+_loggerClass = Logger
+
+class LoggerAdapter(object):
+    """
+    An adapter for loggers which makes it easier to specify contextual
+    information in logging output.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, logger, extra):
+        """
+        Initialize the adapter with a logger and a dict-like object which
+        provides contextual information. This constructor signature allows
+        easy stacking of LoggerAdapters, if so desired.
+
+        You can effectively pass keyword arguments as shown in the
+        following example:
+
+        adapter = LoggerAdapter(someLogger, dict(p1=v1, p2="v2"))
+        """
+        self.logger = logger
+        self.extra = extra
+
+    def process(self, msg, kwargs):
+        """
+        Process the logging message and keyword arguments passed in to
+        a logging call to insert contextual information. You can either
+        manipulate the message itself, the keyword args or both. Return
+        the message and kwargs modified (or not) to suit your needs.
+
+        Normally, you'll only need to override this one method in a
+        LoggerAdapter subclass for your specific needs.
+        """
+        kwargs["extra"] = self.extra
+        return msg, kwargs
+
+    #
+    # Boilerplate convenience methods
+    #
+    def debug(self, msg, *args, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Delegate a debug call to the underlying logger.
+        """
+        self.log(DEBUG, msg, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    def info(self, msg, *args, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Delegate an info call to the underlying logger.
+        """
+        self.log(INFO, msg, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    def warning(self, msg, *args, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Delegate a warning call to the underlying logger.
+        """
+        self.log(WARNING, msg, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    def warn(self, msg, *args, **kwargs):
+        warnings.warn("The 'warn' method is deprecated, "
+            "use 'warning' instead", DeprecationWarning, 2)
+        self.warning(msg, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    def error(self, msg, *args, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Delegate an error call to the underlying logger.
+        """
+        self.log(ERROR, msg, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    def exception(self, msg, *args, exc_info=True, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Delegate an exception call to the underlying logger.
+        """
+        self.log(ERROR, msg, *args, exc_info=exc_info, **kwargs)
+
+    def critical(self, msg, *args, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Delegate a critical call to the underlying logger.
+        """
+        self.log(CRITICAL, msg, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    def log(self, level, msg, *args, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Delegate a log call to the underlying logger, after adding
+        contextual information from this adapter instance.
+        """
+        if self.isEnabledFor(level):
+            msg, kwargs = self.process(msg, kwargs)
+            self.logger.log(level, msg, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    def isEnabledFor(self, level):
+        """
+        Is this logger enabled for level 'level'?
+        """
+        if self.logger.manager.disable >= level:
+            return False
+        return level >= self.getEffectiveLevel()
+
+    def setLevel(self, level):
+        """
+        Set the specified level on the underlying logger.
+        """
+        self.logger.setLevel(level)
+
+    def getEffectiveLevel(self):
+        """
+        Get the effective level for the underlying logger.
+        """
+        return self.logger.getEffectiveLevel()
+
+    def hasHandlers(self):
+        """
+        See if the underlying logger has any handlers.
+        """
+        return self.logger.hasHandlers()
+
+    def _log(self, level, msg, args, exc_info=None, extra=None, stack_info=False):
+        """
+        Low-level log implementation, proxied to allow nested logger adapters.
+        """
+        return self.logger._log(
+            level,
+            msg,
+            args,
+            exc_info=exc_info,
+            extra=extra,
+            stack_info=stack_info,
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def manager(self):
+        return self.logger.manager
+
+    @manager.setter
+    def manager(self, value):
+        self.logger.manager = value
+
+    @property
+    def name(self):
+        return self.logger.name
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        logger = self.logger
+        level = getLevelName(logger.getEffectiveLevel())
+        return '<%s %s (%s)>' % (self.__class__.__name__, logger.name, level)
+
+root = RootLogger(WARNING)
+Logger.root = root
+Logger.manager = Manager(Logger.root)
+
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Configuration classes and functions
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def basicConfig(**kwargs):
+    """
+    Do basic configuration for the logging system.
+
+    This function does nothing if the root logger already has handlers
+    configured. It is a convenience method intended for use by simple scripts
+    to do one-shot configuration of the logging package.
+
+    The default behaviour is to create a StreamHandler which writes to
+    sys.stderr, set a formatter using the BASIC_FORMAT format string, and
+    add the handler to the root logger.
+
+    A number of optional keyword arguments may be specified, which can alter
+    the default behaviour.
+
+    filename  Specifies that a FileHandler be created, using the specified
+              filename, rather than a StreamHandler.
+    filemode  Specifies the mode to open the file, if filename is specified
+              (if filemode is unspecified, it defaults to 'a').
+    format    Use the specified format string for the handler.
+    datefmt   Use the specified date/time format.
+    style     If a format string is specified, use this to specify the
+              type of format string (possible values '%', '{', '$', for
+              %-formatting, :meth:`str.format` and :class:`string.Template`
+              - defaults to '%').
+    level     Set the root logger level to the specified level.
+    stream    Use the specified stream to initialize the StreamHandler. Note
+              that this argument is incompatible with 'filename' - if both
+              are present, 'stream' is ignored.
+    handlers  If specified, this should be an iterable of already created
+              handlers, which will be added to the root handler. Any handler
+              in the list which does not have a formatter assigned will be
+              assigned the formatter created in this function.
+
+    Note that you could specify a stream created using open(filename, mode)
+    rather than passing the filename and mode in. However, it should be
+    remembered that StreamHandler does not close its stream (since it may be
+    using sys.stdout or sys.stderr), whereas FileHandler closes its stream
+    when the handler is closed.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.2
+       Added the ``style`` parameter.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 3.3
+       Added the ``handlers`` parameter. A ``ValueError`` is now thrown for
+       incompatible arguments (e.g. ``handlers`` specified together with
+       ``filename``/``filemode``, or ``filename``/``filemode`` specified
+       together with ``stream``, or ``handlers`` specified together with
+       ``stream``.
+    """
+    # Add thread safety in case someone mistakenly calls
+    # basicConfig() from multiple threads
+    _acquireLock()
+    try:
+        if len(root.handlers) == 0:
+            handlers = kwargs.pop("handlers", None)
+            if handlers is None:
+                if "stream" in kwargs and "filename" in kwargs:
+                    raise ValueError("'stream' and 'filename' should not be "
+                                     "specified together")
+            else:
+                if "stream" in kwargs or "filename" in kwargs:
+                    raise ValueError("'stream' or 'filename' should not be "
+                                     "specified together with 'handlers'")
+            if handlers is None:
+                filename = kwargs.pop("filename", None)
+                mode = kwargs.pop("filemode", 'a')
+                if filename:
+                    h = FileHandler(filename, mode)
+                else:
+                    stream = kwargs.pop("stream", None)
+                    h = StreamHandler(stream)
+                handlers = [h]
+            dfs = kwargs.pop("datefmt", None)
+            style = kwargs.pop("style", '%')
+            if style not in _STYLES:
+                raise ValueError('Style must be one of: %s' % ','.join(
+                                 _STYLES.keys()))
+            fs = kwargs.pop("format", _STYLES[style][1])
+            fmt = Formatter(fs, dfs, style)
+            for h in handlers:
+                if h.formatter is None:
+                    h.setFormatter(fmt)
+                root.addHandler(h)
+            level = kwargs.pop("level", None)
+            if level is not None:
+                root.setLevel(level)
+            if kwargs:
+                keys = ', '.join(kwargs.keys())
+                raise ValueError('Unrecognised argument(s): %s' % keys)
+    finally:
+        _releaseLock()
+
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Utility functions at module level.
+# Basically delegate everything to the root logger.
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def getLogger(name=None):
+    """
+    Return a logger with the specified name, creating it if necessary.
+
+    If no name is specified, return the root logger.
+    """
+    if name:
+        return Logger.manager.getLogger(name)
+    else:
+        return root
+
+def critical(msg, *args, **kwargs):
+    """
+    Log a message with severity 'CRITICAL' on the root logger. If the logger
+    has no handlers, call basicConfig() to add a console handler with a
+    pre-defined format.
+    """
+    if len(root.handlers) == 0:
+        basicConfig()
+    root.critical(msg, *args, **kwargs)
+
+fatal = critical
+
+def error(msg, *args, **kwargs):
+    """
+    Log a message with severity 'ERROR' on the root logger. If the logger has
+    no handlers, call basicConfig() to add a console handler with a pre-defined
+    format.
+    """
+    if len(root.handlers) == 0:
+        basicConfig()
+    root.error(msg, *args, **kwargs)
+
+def exception(msg, *args, exc_info=True, **kwargs):
+    """
+    Log a message with severity 'ERROR' on the root logger, with exception
+    information. If the logger has no handlers, basicConfig() is called to add
+    a console handler with a pre-defined format.
+    """
+    error(msg, *args, exc_info=exc_info, **kwargs)
+
+def warning(msg, *args, **kwargs):
+    """
+    Log a message with severity 'WARNING' on the root logger. If the logger has
+    no handlers, call basicConfig() to add a console handler with a pre-defined
+    format.
+    """
+    if len(root.handlers) == 0:
+        basicConfig()
+    root.warning(msg, *args, **kwargs)
+
+def warn(msg, *args, **kwargs):
+    warnings.warn("The 'warn' function is deprecated, "
+        "use 'warning' instead", DeprecationWarning, 2)
+    warning(msg, *args, **kwargs)
+
+def info(msg, *args, **kwargs):
+    """
+    Log a message with severity 'INFO' on the root logger. If the logger has
+    no handlers, call basicConfig() to add a console handler with a pre-defined
+    format.
+    """
+    if len(root.handlers) == 0:
+        basicConfig()
+    root.info(msg, *args, **kwargs)
+
+def debug(msg, *args, **kwargs):
+    """
+    Log a message with severity 'DEBUG' on the root logger. If the logger has
+    no handlers, call basicConfig() to add a console handler with a pre-defined
+    format.
+    """
+    if len(root.handlers) == 0:
+        basicConfig()
+    root.debug(msg, *args, **kwargs)
+
+def log(level, msg, *args, **kwargs):
+    """
+    Log 'msg % args' with the integer severity 'level' on the root logger. If
+    the logger has no handlers, call basicConfig() to add a console handler
+    with a pre-defined format.
+    """
+    if len(root.handlers) == 0:
+        basicConfig()
+    root.log(level, msg, *args, **kwargs)
+
+def disable(level):
+    """
+    Disable all logging calls of severity 'level' and below.
+    """
+    root.manager.disable = level
+
+def shutdown(handlerList=_handlerList):
+    """
+    Perform any cleanup actions in the logging system (e.g. flushing
+    buffers).
+
+    Should be called at application exit.
+    """
+    for wr in reversed(handlerList[:]):
+        #errors might occur, for example, if files are locked
+        #we just ignore them if raiseExceptions is not set
+        try:
+            h = wr()
+            if h:
+                try:
+                    h.acquire()
+                    h.flush()
+                    h.close()
+                except (OSError, ValueError):
+                    # Ignore errors which might be caused
+                    # because handlers have been closed but
+                    # references to them are still around at
+                    # application exit.
+                    pass
+                finally:
+                    h.release()
+        except: # ignore everything, as we're shutting down
+            if raiseExceptions:
+                raise
+            #else, swallow
+
+#Let's try and shutdown automatically on application exit...
+import atexit
+atexit.register(shutdown)
+
+# Null handler
+
+class NullHandler(Handler):
+    """
+    This handler does nothing. It's intended to be used to avoid the
+    "No handlers could be found for logger XXX" one-off warning. This is
+    important for library code, which may contain code to log events. If a user
+    of the library does not configure logging, the one-off warning might be
+    produced; to avoid this, the library developer simply needs to instantiate
+    a NullHandler and add it to the top-level logger of the library module or
+    package.
+    """
+    def handle(self, record):
+        """Stub."""
+
+    def emit(self, record):
+        """Stub."""
+
+    def createLock(self):
+        self.lock = None
+
+# Warnings integration
+
+_warnings_showwarning = None
+
+def _showwarning(message, category, filename, lineno, file=None, line=None):
+    """
+    Implementation of showwarnings which redirects to logging, which will first
+    check to see if the file parameter is None. If a file is specified, it will
+    delegate to the original warnings implementation of showwarning. Otherwise,
+    it will call warnings.formatwarning and will log the resulting string to a
+    warnings logger named "py.warnings" with level logging.WARNING.
+    """
+    if file is not None:
+        if _warnings_showwarning is not None:
+            _warnings_showwarning(message, category, filename, lineno, file, line)
+    else:
+        s = warnings.formatwarning(message, category, filename, lineno, line)
+        logger = getLogger("py.warnings")
+        if not logger.handlers:
+            logger.addHandler(NullHandler())
+        logger.warning("%s", s)
+
+def captureWarnings(capture):
+    """
+    If capture is true, redirect all warnings to the logging package.
+    If capture is False, ensure that warnings are not redirected to logging
+    but to their original destinations.
+    """
+    global _warnings_showwarning
+    if capture:
+        if _warnings_showwarning is None:
+            _warnings_showwarning = warnings.showwarning
+            warnings.showwarning = _showwarning
+    else:
+        if _warnings_showwarning is not None:
+            warnings.showwarning = _warnings_showwarning
+            _warnings_showwarning = None