@woosh/meep-engine 3.0.2 → 3.2.0

package/src/DUPLICATION_AUDIT_2026_08_07/00_core_reuse_surface.md

@@ -1,738 +1,738 @@
-# meep — reuse surface inventory
-
-Catalogue of general-purpose primitives that already exist. All paths are relative to
-`H:/git/moh/app/src/mir-engine/meep/src/`. Each symbol lives in a file of the same name unless noted.
-
-**How to use this:** the last column names the *concept* in the words someone re-implementing it would
-use. If you see code in the codebase doing that thing by hand, it is a duplication candidate.
-
-Naming conventions worth knowing before you search for duplicates:
-- `v2_/v3_/v4_/m2_/m3_/m4_/quat3_` = flat-array (offset-based) vector/matrix math, no allocation.
-- `aabb2_/aabb3_/tri2_/tri3_/sphere_/plane3_/ray3_/line3_/frustum3_` = geometry predicates on flat arrays.
-- `bt_*` = BinaryTopology (half-edge/BMesh-style) mesh ops; `tm_*` = older object-graph TopoMesh ops.
-- Many symbols have a legacy `camelCase` alias file re-exporting the `snake_case` canonical one — both are live.
-
----
-
-## Scalar math — core/math/
-
-| Symbol | File | What it does (short) | Likely-duplicated concept |
-|---|---|---|---|
-| `clamp` | math/clamp.js | clamp value to [min,max] | clamp a number to a range |
-| `clamp01` / `saturate` | math/clamp01.js | clamp to [0,1] | saturate / clamp to unit range |
-| `lerp` / `mix` | math/lerp.js, math/mix.js | a+(b-a)*f | linear interpolation between two numbers |
-| `inverseLerp` | math/inverseLerp.js | fraction of value between a and b | un-lerp / normalize into 0..1 range |
-| `remap` | math/remap.js | map value from one range to another | rescale a number between two ranges |
-| `smoothStep` | math/smoothStep.js | Hermite 3t²-2t³ ease between edges | smoothstep easing |
-| `smootherStep` | math/smootherStep.js | Ken Perlin quintic ease | smootherstep / quintic ease |
-| `fract` | math/fract.js | fractional part | take fractional part of a float |
-| `euclidean_modulo` | math/euclidean_modulo.js | always-positive modulo | positive/wrapping modulo |
-| `pingpong` | math/pingpong.js | triangle-wave fold into [0,length] | ping-pong / bounce a value in a range |
-| `sign` / `sign_not_zero` | math/sign.js, math/sign_not_zero.js | signum; variant that never returns 0 | sign of a number |
-| `copysign` | math/copysign.js | magnitude of x with sign of y | copy the sign from one float to another |
-| `iabs` / `fabsf` | math/iabs.js, math/fabsf.js | integer/float absolute value | absolute value |
-| `min2/min3/max2/max3` | math/min2.js … max3.js | 2- and 3-way min/max | min/max of two or three numbers |
-| `sqr` | math/sqr.js | x*x | square a number |
-| `isqrt` | math/isqrt.js | integer square root | integer sqrt |
-| `exp2` | math/exp2.js | 2^v | power of two exponent |
-| `isPowerOfTwo` | math/isPowerOfTwo.js | power-of-two test | check if integer is a power of two |
-| `nextOdd` | math/nextOdd.js | round up to next odd integer | round to next odd |
-| `round_up` | math/round_up.js | round x up to multiple of divisor | round up to a multiple / align |
-| `frexp` | math/frexp.js | split float into mantissa+exponent | decompose a float into mantissa/exponent |
-| `epsilonEquals` | math/epsilonEquals.js | approximate float equality | compare two floats with a tolerance |
-| `EPSILON`, `FLT_EPSILON_16/32/64` | math/EPSILON.js, math/FLT_EPSILON_*.js | epsilon constants per precision | hand-written 1e-6 / 1e-7 epsilon literal |
-| `PI`, `PI2`, `PI_HALF`, `PI_RECIPROCAL`, `GOLDEN_RATIO` | math/PI*.js, math/GOLDEN_RATIO.js | math constants | `Math.PI * 2` written inline |
-| `DEG_TO_RAD`, `RAD_TO_DEG` | math/DEG_TO_RAD.js, math/RAD_TO_DEG.js | angle unit conversion factors | degrees↔radians conversion |
-| `normalize_angle_rad` | geom/normalize_angle_rad.js | wrap angle into canonical range | wrap an angle to [-π,π] / [0,2π] |
-| `factorial` | math/factorial.js | n! | factorial |
-| `computeGreatestCommonDivisor` | math/computeGreatestCommonDivisor.js | Euclid GCD | greatest common divisor |
-| `computeWholeDivisorLow` | math/computeWholeDivisorLow.js | largest whole divisor under a limit | find a divisor / factor pair |
-| `gaussian` | math/gaussian.js | gaussian weight at distance for sigma | gaussian falloff weight |
-| `build_gaussian_kernel_1d/_2d` | math/build_gaussian_kernel_*.js | normalized blur kernels | build a blur kernel |
-| `sinc` | math/sinc.js | sin(x)/x | sinc / lanczos base |
-| `bessel_j0`, `bessel_3`, `modified_bessel_i0` | math/bessel*.js | Bessel functions | Bessel/Kaiser window math |
-| `compute_legendre_polynomial` | math/compute_legendre_polynomial.js | associated Legendre P(l,m,x) | Legendre polynomial for SH |
-| `solveQuadratic` / `solveCubic` | math/solveQuadratic.js, math/solveCubic.js | real roots into a result array | solve a quadratic / cubic equation |
-| `newton_solver_1d` | math/newton_solver_1d.js | Newton–Raphson 1D root find | iterate to find a root of f(x) |
-| `bell_membership_function` | math/bell_membership_function.js | generalized bell curve | fuzzy membership / bell falloff |
-| `idct_1d` / `idct_2d` | math/idct_*.js | inverse DCT | DCT block decode |
-| `computeIsoscelesTriangleApexAngle` | math/computeIsoscelesTriangleApexAngle.js | apex angle from side+base | cone half-angle from radius/height |
-| `NumericType` | math/NumericType.js | numeric type enum | int vs float type tag |
-
-## Intervals & statistics — core/math/interval/, core/math/statistics/
-
-| Symbol | File | What it does (short) | Likely-duplicated concept |
-|---|---|---|---|
-| `intersects1D` | math/interval/intersects1D.js | 1D range overlap test | do two ranges overlap |
-| `overlap1D` / `separation1D` | math/interval/overlap1D.js, separation1D.js | overlap amount / gap between ranges | measure range overlap or gap |
-| `isValueBetween` / `Inclusive` | math/interval/isValueBetween*.js | in-range predicate (order-agnostic) | check a number is between two others |
-| `NumericInterval` | math/interval/NumericInterval.js | min/max interval object | min/max pair class |
-| `computeStatisticalMean` | math/statistics/computeStatisticalMean.js | mean over slice | average of an array |
-| `computeStatisticalMedian` / `PartialMedian` | math/statistics/computeStatisticalMedian.js, …Partial…js | median (whole / slice) | median of samples |
-| `computeStatisticalPercentile` | math/statistics/computeStatisticalPercentile.js | percentile band | p95/p50 percentile |
-| `computeStatisticalVariance` / `StandardDeviation` | math/statistics/computeStatisticalV*.js | variance / stddev | variance or standard deviation |
-| `softmax` | math/statistics/softmax.js | softmax component | softmax normalization |
-| `gaussian_amplitude` | math/statistics/gaussian_amplitude.js | gaussian PDF amplitude | normal distribution amplitude |
-| `halton_sequence`, `hammersley_sequence(_2d)` | math/statistics/*.js | low-discrepancy sequences | quasi-random / jitter sequence |
-| `radical_inverse_VdC_base_2` | math/statistics/radical_inverse_VdC_base_2.js | Van der Corput radical inverse | bit-reverse based low-discrepancy value |
-| `generate_hammersley_jitter` | math/statistics/generate_hammersley_jitter.js | jitter point set | TAA/sampling jitter table |
-| `generate_halton_jitter` | math/random/generate_halton_jitter.js | halton jitter point set | TAA jitter offsets |
-| `computeSampleSize_Cochran` | math/statistics/computeSampleSize_Cochran.js | required sample size | statistical sample sizing |
-
-## Random — core/math/random/, core/geom/random/
-
-| Symbol | File | What it does (short) | Likely-duplicated concept |
-|---|---|---|---|
-| `seededRandom` (= Mulberry32) | math/random/seededRandom.js | deterministic PRNG factory | seeded random number generator |
-| `seededRandom_MersenneTwister` | math/random/seededRandom_MersenneTwister.js | MT19937 PRNG | high-quality seeded RNG |
-| `randomFloatBetween` | math/random/randomFloatBetween.js | uniform float in range | random float in [min,max] |
-| `randomIntegerBetween` | math/random/randomIntegerBetween.js | uniform integer in range | random int in a range |
-| `randomFromArray` | math/random/randomFromArray.js | pick uniform element | pick a random element from an array |
-| `randomMultipleFromArray` | collection/array/randomMultipleFromArray.js | pick N distinct elements | random sample without replacement |
-| `weightedRandomFromArray` | collection/array/weightedRandomFromArray.js | weighted pick | weighted random choice |
-| `random_pick_weighted_index` | math/random/random_pick_weighted_index.js | pick index from cumulative weights | roulette-wheel selection over CDF |
-| `array_shuffle` | collection/array/array_shuffle.js | in-place Fisher–Yates with a supplied RNG | shuffle an array with a seeded RNG |
-| `randomGaussian` | math/random/randomGaussian.js | normal-distributed sample | gaussian/normal random |
-| `randomSeed` | math/random/randomSeed.js | derive a fresh seed from an RNG | spawn a child RNG seed |
-| `randomBytes` / `randomUint8` | math/random/randomBytes.js, randomUint8.js | fill bytes from an RNG | random byte buffer |
-| `roundFair` | math/random/roundFair.js | stochastic rounding by fraction | probabilistic rounding |
-| `random_point_in_sphere` / `_on_sphere` | geom/random/random_point_in|on_sphere.js | uniform point in/on sphere | random point in a sphere |
-| `random_point_in_box` / `_on_box` | geom/random/random_point_in|on_box.js | uniform point in/on AABB | random point inside a box |
-| `random_point_in_circle` | geom/random/random_point_in_circle.js | uniform point in disc | random point in a circle |
-| `v3_uniform_sample_cone` | geom/vec3/v3_uniform_sample_cone.js | uniform direction in a cone | sample a direction within a cone |
-| `sphere_fibonacci_point` | geom/3d/sphere/sphere_fibonacci_point.js | i-th fibonacci sphere point | evenly distribute N points on a sphere |
-| `create_simplex_noise_2d` | math/noise/create_simplex_noise_2d.js | seeded simplex noise sampler | procedural noise |
-| `sdnoise1/2/3/4` | math/noise/sdnoise.js | simplex noise with analytic derivatives | noise + gradient |
-| `noise_octaves` | math/noise/noise_octaves.js | fBm octave accumulation | fractal brownian motion / octave noise |
-| `curl_noise_3d(t)` | math/noise/curl_noise_3d*.js | divergence-free curl noise | swirly velocity noise field |
-
-## Hashing — core/math/hash/, core/primitives/, core/collection/array/
-
-| Symbol | File | What it does (short) | Likely-duplicated concept |
-|---|---|---|---|
-| `computeStringHash` | primitives/strings/computeStringHash.js | 32-bit string hash | hash a string |
-| `computeHashFloat` | primitives/numbers/computeHashFloat.js | hash of a float | hash a number |
-| `computeBooleanHash` | primitives/boolean/computeBooleanHash.js | hash of a boolean | hash a bool |
-| `computeObjectHash` | math/hash/computeObjectHash.js | recursive object hash to depth | hash an arbitrary object |
-| `computeHashArray` | collection/array/computeHashArray.js | hash array with element hasher | hash a list |
-| `computeIntegerArrayHash` | collection/array/computeIntegerArrayHash.js | hash an int array range | hash a typed index buffer |
-| `computeHashFloatArray` | math/hash/computeHashFloatArray.js | hash a float array | hash vertex/float data |
-| `computeStridedArrayHash` / `…IntegerArrayHash` | collection/array/computeStrided*.js | hash strided slices | hash interleaved vertex data |
-| `combine_hash` | collection/array/combine_hash.js | fold multiple hashes into one | combine hash codes |
-| `lowbias32` | math/hash/lowbias32.js | integer bit-mix | scramble/avalanche an int |
-| `murmur3_32` | math/hash/murmur3_32.js | murmur3 | non-crypto hash |
-| `squirrel3` | math/hash/squirrel3.js | Squirrel3 noise hash | position→noise hash |
-| `array_buffer_hash`, `uint8/16/32_array_hash` | collection/array/typed/*_hash.js | typed-array content hashes | hash a typed array |
-| `sparse_typed_array_hash` | collection/array/typed/sparse_typed_array_hash.js | sampled hash for large arrays | cheap fingerprint of big buffer |
-| `invokeObjectHash` | model/object/invokeObjectHash.js | call `.hash()` or fall back | polymorphic hash dispatch |
-
-## Linear algebra / solvers — core/math/linalg/, core/math/matrix/
-
-| Symbol | File | What it does (short) | Likely-duplicated concept |
-|---|---|---|---|
-| `SquareMatrix` | math/matrix/SquareMatrix.js | dense NxN matrix | dense matrix container |
-| `SparseMatrixCSR` | math/linalg/sparse/SparseMatrixCSR.js | CSR sparse matrix | sparse matrix storage |
-| `spm_matvec` / `_transpose` | math/linalg/sparse/spm_matvec*.js | sparse matrix–vector product | SpMV |
-| `cg_solve` | math/linalg/cg/cg_solve.js | conjugate gradient with operator callback | iterative linear solve |
-| `cg_solve_normal_equations` | math/linalg/cg/cg_solve_normal_equations.js | CGNR least squares | least-squares solve |
-| `solve_linear_system` | math/linalg/solve_linear_system.js | dense Ax=b | Gaussian elimination |
-| `solve_linear_system_GEPP_2x2` | math/linalg/solve_linear_system_GEPP_2x2.js | 2x2 solve with pivoting | tiny linear system |
-| `lu_factor_linear_system` / `lu_solve_linear_system` | math/linalg/lu_*.js | LU factor + back substitute | LU decomposition |
-| `matrix_symmetric_3x3_eigen` | math/linalg/eigen/matrix_symmetric_3x3_eigen.js | eigenvalues+vectors of sym 3x3 | PCA of a covariance matrix |
-| `matrix_eigenvalues_in_place` | math/linalg/eigen/matrix_eigenvalues_in_place.js | eigenvalues of dense sym matrix | eigen decomposition |
-| `matrix_top_eigenvector_power_iteration` | math/linalg/eigen/…js | dominant eigenvector | power iteration / principal axis |
-| `matrix_qr_in_place`, `matrix_householder_in_place` | math/linalg/eigen/*.js | QR / Householder reduction | QR decomposition |
-| `givens_rotation_coefficients`, `givens_apply_rows(_offset)` | math/linalg/givens/*.js | Givens rotation | plane rotation in a solver |
-| `eigen_values_find_spectral_gap` | math/linalg/eigen/eigen_values_find_spectral_gap.js | largest gap in spectrum | choose cluster count from spectrum |
-| `m2_svd`, `m2_polar_decomp(_noS)` | math/linalg/m2/*.js | 2x2 SVD / polar decomposition | extract rotation from a 2x2 deformation |
-| `polynomial_multiply/_add_into/_sub_into/_scale_into` | math/linalg/polynomial_*.js | polynomial arithmetic | polynomial coefficient math |
-| `polynomial_cubic_horner_eval` (+ derivative, 2nd derivative) | math/linalg/polynomial_cubic_*.js | Horner evaluation | evaluate a cubic and its slope |
-| `polynomial_real_roots_in_interval` | math/linalg/polynomial_real_roots_in_interval.js | real roots in a range | bracketed root finding |
-| `polynomial_complex_roots_aberth_ehrlich` | math/linalg/polynomial_complex_roots_aberth_ehrlich.js | all complex roots | polynomial root solver |
-| `polynomial_root_bound_cauchy` | math/linalg/polynomial_root_bound_cauchy.js | root magnitude bound | bound where roots can live |
-| `complex_add/sub/mul/div/horner_eval` | math/complex/*.js | complex arithmetic on flat pairs | complex number math |
-| `sor_optimal_omega` | math/linalg/sor_optimal_omega.js | optimal SOR relaxation factor | successive over-relaxation tuning |
-| `mat4x4_transpose_copy_to_mat4x3` | math/matrix/mat4x4_transpose_copy_to_mat4x3.js | pack 4x4 into 4x3 transposed | GPU matrix packing |
-| `ParameterLookupTable` | math/lookup/ParameterLookupTable.js | sampled function LUT with flags | precomputed function table |
-
-## Splines & interpolation — core/math/spline/
-
-| Symbol | File | What it does (short) | Likely-duplicated concept |
-|---|---|---|---|
-| `spline3_hermite` | math/spline/spline3_hermite.js | cubic Hermite evaluation | evaluate a cubic curve from p/m endpoints |
-| `spline3_hermite_derivative` / `_integral` | math/spline/spline3_hermite_*.js | slope / area of hermite segment | derivative or integral of a spline |
-| `spline3_hermite_bounds(_t)` | math/spline/spline3_hermite_bounds*.js | exact min/max of segment | bounding box of a curve segment |
-| `spline3_hermite_subdivide` / `_reverse` | math/spline/…js | split at t / flip direction | subdivide a bezier/hermite curve |
-| `spline3_hermite_to_bezier` / `spline3_bezier_to_hermite` | math/spline/…js | basis conversion | convert between bezier and hermite |
-| `spline3_hermite_to_monomial` | math/spline/spline3_hermite_to_monomial.js | to power basis | get polynomial coefficients of a curve |
-| `spline3_hermite_nearest_point` | math/spline/spline3_hermite_nearest_point.js | closest t on curve to a point | project a point onto a curve |
-| `spline3_hermite_intersection_spline3_hermite(_1d/_2d/_nd)` | math/spline/…js | curve–curve intersection | intersect two spline segments |
-| `spline3_bezier` / `spline2_bezier` | math/spline/spline3_bezier.js, spline2_bezier.js | cubic / quadratic bezier eval | evaluate a bezier |
-| `spline3_bezier_bounds` | math/spline/spline3_bezier_bounds.js | exact bezier bounds | bezier bounding box |
-| `spline2_quadratic_bezier` | geom/2d/spline2_quadratic_bezier.js | 2D quadratic bezier | quadratic bezier point |
-| `computeCatmullRomSpline` | math/spline/computeCatmullRomSpline.js | Catmull-Rom sample | smooth a polyline |
-| `computeCatmullRomSplineUniformDistance` | math/spline/…js | arc-length-uniform resample | resample a path at even spacing |
-| `computeNonuniformCatmullRomSplineSample` (+ derivative) | math/spline/…js | centripetal Catmull-Rom | alpha-parameterized spline |
-| `interpolate_bicubic` | math/spline/interpolate_bicubic.js | bicubic interpolation | smooth 2D sample interpolation |
-| `makeCubicCurve` | math/spline/makeCubicCurve.js | build a cubic curve closure | cubic easing curve factory |
-
-## Physics / shading math — core/math/physics/
-
-| Symbol | File | What it does (short) | Likely-duplicated concept |
-|---|---|---|---|
-| `fresnel_Schlick` | math/physics/brdf/fresnel_Schlick*.js | Schlick fresnel | fresnel approximation |
-| `bsdf_schlick` | math/physics/bsdf/bsdf_schlick.js | f0..f90 Schlick blend | schlick interpolation of reflectance |
-| `diffuse_GGX`, `brdf_burley` | math/physics/brdf/*.js | GGX/Burley BRDF terms | microfacet BRDF |
-| `pdf_GGX`, `pdf_normal` | math/physics/pdf/*.js | sampling PDFs | importance-sampling PDF |
-| `cone_cosine_from_roughness` | math/physics/brdf/cone_cosine_from_roughness.js | roughness→cone angle | reflection cone width |
-| `ior_to_reflectivity` / `reflectivity_to_ior` | math/physics/*.js | IOR ↔ F0 | index of refraction conversion |
-| `computeHookeForce` | math/physics/spring/computeHookeForce.js | F = -kx | spring force |
-| `computeInterceptPoint` | math/physics/kinematics/computeInterceptPoint.js | lead-target intercept | where to aim at a moving target |
-| `interpolate_irradiance_linear/_smith/_logarithmic` | math/physics/irradiance/*.js | falloff interpolation | light attenuation curves |
-| `compute_mie_phase`, `compute_mie_particle_properties_rgb` | math/physics/mie/*.js | Mie scattering phase/optics | atmospheric scattering coefficients |
-
-## Vectors & matrices (flat arrays) — core/geom/vec*, core/geom/mat*, core/geom/3d/mat4, quaternion
-
-| Symbol | File | What it does (short) | Likely-duplicated concept |
-|---|---|---|---|
-| `Vector1` | geom/Vector1.js | observable scalar (`.set()`, `.onChanged`) | reactive number value |
-| `Vector2` / `Vector3` / `Vector4` | geom/Vector2.js … Vector4.js | observable Float64Array vectors | vector class with change signals |
-| `Quaternion` | geom/Quaternion.js | observable quaternion | rotation value type |
-| `v2_length(_sqr)`, `v2_distance(_sqr)`, `v2_dot`, `v2_cross_product` | geom/vec2/*.js | 2D vector ops | length/distance/dot of 2D points |
-| `v2_angle_between`, `v2_bearing_angle_towards` | geom/vec2/*.js | angle between / heading to | angle between two 2D vectors |
-| `v2_array_normalize` | geom/vec2/v2_array_normalize.js | normalize a v2 buffer | normalize a list of 2D vectors |
-| `v2_matrix3_cm_multiply` / `_rm_` | geom/vec2/*.js | transform 2D point by mat3 | apply a 2D transform matrix |
-| `v3_length(_sqr)`, `v3_distance(_sqr)`, `v3_dot`, `v3_cross` | geom/vec3/*.js | 3D vector ops | length/distance/dot/cross of 3D points |
-| `v3_add`, `v3_subtract`, `v3_multiply`, `v3_scale`, `v3_negate_array` | geom/vec3/*.js | componentwise arithmetic into a result array | add/subtract/scale a 3D vector |
-| `v3_normalize_array` | geom/vec3/v3_normalize_array.js | normalize in place / into array | normalize a 3D vector |
-| `v3_lerp` / `v3_slerp` | geom/vec3/*.js | linear / spherical interpolation | interpolate two 3D vectors or directions |
-| `v3_angle`, `v3_angle_stable`, `v3_cos_angle`, `v3_interior_angle` | geom/vec3/*.js | angle between vectors (atan2-stable variant) | angle between two 3D directions |
-| `v3_cotangent` | geom/vec3/v3_cotangent.js | cot of angle between vectors | cotangent weight (Laplacian) |
-| `v3_reflect` | geom/vec3/v3_reflect.js | reflect direction about a normal | mirror a vector across a normal |
-| `v3_centroid_v3_buffer` | geom/vec3/v3_centroid_v3_buffer.js | mean of a point buffer | average/centroid of points |
-| `v3_copy_array`, `v3_equals_array` | geom/vec3/*.js | copy / compare v3 slots | copy or compare 3 floats at offsets |
-| `v3_displace_in_direction(_array)` | geom/vec3/*.js | p + dir*distance | move a point along a direction |
-| `v3_distance_above_plane` | geom/vec3/v3_distance_above_plane.js | signed plane distance | signed distance from a plane |
-| `v3_matrix3_multiply`, `v3_matrix4_multiply` | geom/vec3/*.js | transform point by matrix | apply a matrix to a point |
-| `v3_matrix4_rotate(_unit/_normal/_array)` | geom/vec3/*.js | direction-only transform | rotate a normal by a matrix |
-| `v3_quaternion_apply(_inverse)` | geom/vec3/*.js | rotate a vector by quaternion | apply a quaternion rotation |
-| `v3_orthonormal_matrix_from_normal` | geom/vec3/v3_orthonormal_matrix_from_normal.js | build TBN from a normal | construct a tangent basis |
-| `v3_triple_cross` | geom/vec3/v3_triple_cross.js | (a×b)×a | triple product |
-| `v3_rigid_align_paired_unit_vectors` | geom/vec3/v3_rigid_align_paired_unit_vectors.js | best-fit rotation between direction sets | Kabsch / rotation alignment |
-| `v3_allocate` | geom/vec3/v3_allocate.js | allocate a v3 scratch | scratch vector allocation |
-| `v4_length(_sqr)`, `v4_dot`, `v4_distance_sqr`, `v4_matrix4_multiply` | geom/vec4/*.js | 4D vector ops | homogeneous vector math |
-| `vector_dot(_offset)`, `vector_axpy(_offset)`, `vector_copy(_offset)`, `vector_scale_offset`, `vector_normalize` | geom/vec/*.js | N-dimensional BLAS-1 ops | dot/scale/axpy over arbitrary-length arrays |
-| `m2_multiply`, `m2_add`, `m2_transpose`, `m2_determinant`, `m2_multiply_scalar`, `m2_multiply_transposed`, `m2_sub_transposed` | geom/mat2/*.js | 2x2 matrix algebra | 2x2 matrix math |
-| `m2_is_diagonal`, `m2_is_orthogonal`, `M2_IDENTITY` | geom/mat2/*.js | predicates / identity constant | matrix identity or orthogonality check |
-| `m3_multiply`, `m3_invert`, `m3_determinant`, `m3_scale_columns_by_vec3` | geom/mat3/*.js | 3x3 matrix algebra | 3x3 matrix math |
-| `m3_cm_compose_transform` / `m3_rm_compose_transform` | geom/mat3/*.js | build 2D affine mat3 (col/row major) | compose translate+rotate+scale in 2D |
-| `m3_cm_extract_rotation`, `m3_rm_extract_scale`, `m3_cm_make_translation` | geom/mat3/*.js | decompose / build 2D transform | extract rotation or scale from a matrix |
-| `m3_make_rotation_TBN` | geom/mat3/m3_make_rotation_TBN.js | look-at basis from forward+up | build an orientation matrix |
-| `m4_multiply`, `m4_invert`, `m4_allocate`, `M4_IDENTITY` | geom/3d/mat4/*.js | 4x4 matrix algebra | 4x4 matrix math |
-| `m4_compose` / `m4_decompose` | geom/3d/mat4/*.js | TRS ↔ matrix | compose/decompose a transform matrix |
-| `m4_from_rotation_translation_scale`, `m4_rotation_translation`, `m4_make_scale`, `m4_make_translation` | geom/3d/mat4/*.js | build specialized matrices | make a translation/scale matrix |
-| `m4_inverse_rotation_translation` | geom/3d/mat4/m4_inverse_rotation_translation.js | fast inverse of rigid transform | invert a view matrix cheaply |
-| `m4_euler_angles`, `m4_extract_scale` | geom/3d/mat4/*.js | extract euler / scale | get rotation angles from a matrix |
-| `m4_normal_matrix3` | geom/3d/mat4/m4_normal_matrix3.js | inverse-transpose upper 3x3 | normal matrix for shading |
-| `m4_transform_v3_buffer` / `m4_transform_direction_v3_buffer` | geom/3d/mat4/*.js | batch transform of a point buffer | transform an array of vertices |
-| `m4_orthographic_off_center_z0` | geom/3d/mat4/m4_orthographic_off_center_z0.js | ortho projection matrix | build an orthographic projection |
-| `quat3_multiply`, `quat3_from_axis_angle`, `quat3_to_matrix3` | geom/3d/quaternion/*.js | quaternion algebra | quaternion multiply / from axis-angle |
-| `quat3_integrate` | geom/3d/quaternion/quat3_integrate.js | integrate angular velocity | advance a rotation by ω·dt |
-| `quat3_encode_to_uint32` / `quat3_decode_from_uint32` | geom/3d/quaternion/*.js | quantize a quaternion to 32 bits | pack a rotation into an int |
-
-## Arrays & typed arrays — core/collection/array/
-
-| Symbol | File | What it does (short) | Likely-duplicated concept |
-|---|---|---|---|
-| `array_copy(_entire)` | collection/array/array_copy*.js | ranged copy between arrays | copy a slice of an array |
-| `array_copy_unique` | collection/array/array_copy_unique.js | copy skipping duplicates | append unique items |
-| `array_deduplicate` | collection/array/array_deduplicate.js | remove duplicates | unique the elements of an array |
-| `array_contains_duplicates` | collection/array/array_contains_duplicates.js | duplicate detection | check for duplicate entries |
-| `array_push_if_unique` | collection/array/array_push_if_unique.js | add only when absent | add-to-set semantics on an array |
-| `array_remove_first` | collection/array/array_remove_first.js | remove first matching element | remove element by value |
-| `array_swap`, `array_swap_one` | collection/array/array_swap*.js | swap elements / ranges | swap two array elements |
-| `array_shift_back` | collection/array/array_shift_back.js | shift a run of elements | compact by shifting |
-| `array_shrink_to_size` | collection/array/array_shrink_to_size.js | truncate | truncate an array in place |
-| `array_replace_all` | collection/array/array_replace_all.js | replace all occurrences | replace a value everywhere |
-| `array_compute_min` / `_max` / `_min_max` | collection/array/array_compute_*.js | extremes over a slice | find min/max of an array |
-| `array_pick_best_element(s)` | collection/array/array_pick_best_element*.js | argmax by score function | pick highest-scoring item |
-| `array_group_by` | collection/array/array_group_by.js | group by key producer | group items into buckets by key |
-| `array_filter_by_multiple` | collection/array/array_filter_by_multiple.js | apply several predicates | filter with a predicate list |
-| `array_set_diff`, `array_set_diff_sorting` | collection/array/array_set_diff*.js | added/removed between two lists | diff two collections |
-| `array_index_by_equality` | collection/array/array_index_by_equality.js | indexOf with custom equality | find index using a comparator |
-| `array_get_index_in_range` | collection/array/array_get_index_in_range.js | indexOf bounded to a window | search within a sub-range |
-| `binarySearchLowIndex` / `binarySearchHighIndex` | collection/array/binarySearch*.js | lower/upper bound | binary search in a sorted array |
-| `array_sort_quick`, `array_quick_sort_by_comparator` | collection/array/array_*sort*.js | in-place quicksort | sort an array with a comparator |
-| `array_quick_sort_by_lookup_map` / `_lookup_uint` | collection/array/array_quick_sort_by_lookup_*.js | sort by precomputed key array | sort indices by a key table |
-| `array_compare` | collection/array/array_compare.js | lexicographic array compare | compare two arrays for ordering |
-| `isArrayEqual`, `isArrayEqualStrict`, `fastArrayEquals` | collection/array/*.js | array equality variants | compare two arrays element-wise |
-| `isArraysEqualWithComparator` | collection/array/isArraysEqualWithComparator.js | equality with custom comparator | deep-compare two lists |
-| `array_range_equal_strict` | collection/array/array_range_equal_strict.js | compare sub-ranges | compare slices of two arrays |
-| `isArrayLike` | collection/array/isArrayLike.js | array-like duck-type test | check if something is array-like |
-| `collectIteratorValueToArray` | collection/collectIteratorValueToArray.js | drain an iterator | turn an iterator into an array |
-| `AbstractArrayIterator`, `ArrayIteratorSequential`, `ArrayIteratorRandom` | collection/array/iterator/*.js | reusable array iterators | sequential / random traversal of a list |
-| `typed_array_copy`, `array_buffer_copy` | collection/array/typed/*.js | typed-array/buffer copies | copy typed array data |
-| `is_typed_array_equals`, `is_array_buffer_equals` | collection/array/typed/*.js | binary equality | compare two typed arrays |
-| `isTypedArray`, `typedArrayConstructorByInstance` | collection/array/typed/*.js | type introspection | detect a typed array and its constructor |
-| `typed_array_is_integer` | collection/array/typed/typed_array_is_integer.js | integer-typed test | is this an int array |
-| `typed_array_value_normalize` / `_denormalize` | collection/array/typed/*.js | int↔unit-float conversion | normalize a uint8 to 0..1 |
-| `UintArrayForCount` | collection/array/typed/uint_array_for_count.js | narrowest uint array for a max value | choose Uint8/16/32 by range |
-| `compute_binary_data_type_from_typed_array` | collection/array/typed/*.js | typed array → BinaryDataType | map an array to a type enum |
-
-## Collections — core/collection/
-
-| Symbol | File | What it does (short) | Likely-duplicated concept |
-|---|---|---|---|
-| `Stack` | collection/Stack.js | LIFO stack | push/pop stack |
-| `Deque` / `Queue` | collection/queue/Deque.js, Queue.js | double-ended queue | FIFO queue |
-| `RingBuffer` | collection/RingBuffer.js | fixed-size circular buffer | ring / circular buffer |
-| `SCRATCH_UINT32_TRAVERSAL_STACK` | collection/SCRATCH_UINT32_TRAVERSAL_STACK.js | shared preallocated traversal stack | scratch stack for tree traversal |
-| `HashMap` | collection/map/HashMap.js | hash map with pluggable hash/equals | map keyed by a value object |
-| `HashSet` | collection/set/HashSet.js | hash set with pluggable hash/equals | set of value objects |
-| `BiMap` | collection/map/BiMap.js | bidirectional map | two-way key↔value lookup |
-| `Uint32Map` (+`UINT32_MAP_ABSENT`) | collection/Uint32Map.js | open-addressing uint32→uint32 map | int-to-int map without boxing |
-| `PairUint32Map` | collection/PairUint32Map.js | (uint32,uint32)→uint32 map | keyed lookup on a pair of ints |
-| `ObservedMap` | collection/map/ObservedMap.js | map with add/remove signals | observable map |
-| `AbstractAsyncMap`, `AsyncMapWrapper` | collection/map/*.js | promise-based map interface | async key-value store |
-| `generate_next_linear_congruential_index` | collection/map/generate_next_linear_congruential_index.js | LCG probe sequence | open-addressing probe step |
-| `compute_set_difference` / `compute_set_intersection` | collection/set/*.js | Set algebra | set difference / intersection |
-| `set_remove` | collection/set/set_remove.js | bulk remove from a Set | remove many items from a set |
-| `FibonacciHeap` | collection/heap/FibonacciHeap.js | decrease-key priority queue | priority queue for Dijkstra/A* |
-| `IndexedFloatMinHeap` / `IndexedFloatMaxHeap` | collection/heap/*.js | indexed float-priority heaps | priority queue over indices |
-| `Uint32Heap`, `Uint32Heap4`, `Uint32MinHeap` | collection/heap/*.js, collection/Uint32MinHeap.js | typed binary/4-ary heaps | integer priority queue |
-| `RowFirstTable` + `RowFirstTableSpec` | collection/table/*.js | typed struct-of-columns table | array-of-structs stored in typed arrays |
-| `TableRecord` | collection/table/bind/TableRecord.js | cursor/view over a table row | row accessor for a packed table |
-| `KeyValuePair` | collection/KeyValuePair.js | key/value tuple | pair object |
-| `CuckooFilter` | collection/CuckooFilter.js | approximate membership filter | bloom-filter-like set |
-| `uf_init` / `uf_find` / `uf_union` | collection/union-find/union_find.js | disjoint-set forest | union-find / connected components |
-| `FilteredListProjection`, `SortedListProjection`, `ListForwarder` | collection/list/*.js | reactive derived lists | live filtered/sorted view of a list |
-| `IdPool` | IdPool.js (core root) | recycling integer id allocator | unique id generation / free-list of ids |
-| `ObjectPoolFactory`, `ImmutableObjectPool` | model/object/*.js | object pooling | reuse objects instead of allocating |
-
-## Strings, numbers, booleans — core/primitives/
-
-| Symbol | File | What it does (short) | Likely-duplicated concept |
-|---|---|---|---|
-| `compareStrings` | primitives/strings/compareStrings.js | ordering comparator | sort strings |
-| `string_capitalize` | primitives/strings/string_capitalize.js | uppercase first letter | capitalize a word |
-| `string_repeat` | primitives/strings/string_repeat.js | repeat a string N times | repeat/pad a string |
-| `string_strip_trailing` | primitives/strings/string_strip_trailing.js | remove trailing sequence | trim a suffix |
-| `string_compute_common_prefix` | primitives/strings/string_compute_common_prefix.js | longest shared prefix | common prefix of many strings |
-| `string_compute_byte_size` | primitives/strings/string_compute_byte_size.js | UTF-8 byte length | measure encoded string size |
-| `string_jaro_distance`, `string_jaro_winkler`, `string_compute_similarity` | primitives/strings/*.js | fuzzy similarity | fuzzy string matching / typo tolerance |
-| `string_format_camel_to_kebab`, `string_format_kebab_to_underscore` | primitives/strings/*.js | case conversions | camelCase↔kebab-case |
-| `insert_before`, `insert_after`, `insert_*_or_replace` | primitives/strings/*.js | anchored string splicing | inject text at a marker (shader chunks) |
-| `number_compare_ascending` / `_descending` | primitives/numbers/*.js | numeric comparators | sort numbers |
-| `number_count_decimals` | primitives/numbers/number_count_decimals.js | decimal places in a value | how many decimals to display |
-| `number_format_by_thousands` | primitives/numbers/number_format_by_thousands.js | thousands separators | format 1234567 as 1,234,567 |
-| `number_pretty_print` | primitives/numbers/number_pretty_print.js | human-friendly number string | pretty-print a number |
-| `compareBooleans` | primitives/boolean/compareBooleans.js | boolean comparator | sort booleans |
-| `magnitude_prefix`, `magnitude_scale`, `format_quantity` | science/units/*.js | SI prefix selection & formatting | format bytes/hertz with k/M/G |
-| `KILOBYTE`/`MEGABYTE`/`GIGABYTE`/`TERABYTE` | science/units/memory/*.js | byte-size constants | `1024*1024` written inline |
-
-## Binary & bit manipulation — core/binary/
-
-| Symbol | File | What it does (short) | Likely-duplicated concept |
-|---|---|---|---|
-| `BinaryBuffer` | binary/BinaryBuffer.js | growable read/write cursor over an ArrayBuffer | binary reader/writer |
-| `EncodingBinaryBuffer` | binary/EncodingBinaryBuffer.js | BinaryBuffer with varint/text encoding | compressed binary stream |
-| `BitSet` | binary/BitSet.js | dynamic bitset | bit flags array |
-| `BitImage2` | binary/BitImage2.js | 2D bitmap of bits | boolean occupancy mask |
-| `bitset_find_clear_gap` | binary/bitset_find_clear_gap.js | find N consecutive free bits | first-fit allocation in a bitmask |
-| `OffsetAllocator` (+`ALLOCATOR_NO_SPACE`) | binary/allocator/OffsetAllocator.js | sub-allocator over a range | suballocate GPU/buffer offsets |
-| `bitCount` | binary/operations/bitCount.js | popcount | count set bits |
-| `msb_32` / `lsb_32` / `ctz32` | binary/msb_32.js, lsb_32.js, ctz32.js | highest/lowest set bit, trailing zeros | find first/last set bit |
-| `ceilPowerOfTwo` | binary/operations/ceilPowerOfTwo.js | round up to power of two | next power of two |
-| `align_4` / `align_32` | binary/align_4.js, align_32.js | align a byte offset | align to 4/32 bytes |
-| `largest_common_alignment_uint32` | binary/largest_common_alignment_uint32.js | best shared alignment of two offsets | choose fastest copy width |
-| `reverse_bits_uint32` | binary/reverse_bits_uint32.js | bit reversal | reverse bit order |
-| `split_by_2` / `split_by_3` / `de_interleave_2_bits` | binary/*.js | bit interleaving primitives | morton/z-order bit spreading |
-| `reinterpret_float32_as_uint32` (+3 inverses) | binary/reinterpret_*.js | bit-level float/int punning | reinterpret bits of a float |
-| `to_half_float_uint16` / `half_to_float_uint16` | binary/*.js | float16 conversion | pack a float into 16 bits |
-| `float_to_uint8` / `uint8_to_float` | binary/*.js | unit-float ↔ byte | quantize 0..1 to a byte |
-| `uintToFloatRoundUp/Down`, `floatToUint` | binary/float/SmallFloat.js | 12-bit small-float codec | compact float encoding |
-| `create32BitCodec` | binary/32BitEncoder.js | pack several fields into a uint32 | bit-pack multiple values into one int |
-| `dec2hex`, `hex2dec`, `uint82hex` | binary/*.js | hex conversion | number ↔ hex string |
-| `int32_to_binary_string` | binary/int32_to_binary_string.js | debug bit string | print bits of an int |
-| `Base64` | binary/base64/Base64.js | base64 codec | base64 encode/decode |
-| `base58_encode` | binary/base58/base58_encode.js | base58 encode | short id encoding |
-| `is_data_url`, `url_to_data_url` | binary/*.js | data-URL helpers | detect/convert a data: URL |
-| `makeArrayBuffer` | binary/makeArrayBuffer.js | ArrayBuffer or SharedArrayBuffer | allocate a (shared) buffer |
-| `platform_compute_endianness`, `EndianType` | binary/*.js | runtime endianness | detect little/big endian |
-| `UINT16_MAX`, `UINT32_MAX`, `FLOAT32_MAX` | binary/*.js | limit constants | `0xFFFFFFFF` written inline |
-| `BinaryDataType`, `DataTypeByteSizes`/`dataTypeByteSize`, `DataType2TypedArrayConstructorMapping` | binary/type/*.js | binary type enum + metadata | map a type tag to size/constructor |
-| `computeBinaryDataTypeByPrecision`, `computeDataTypeByIndex` | binary/type/*.js | type selection | pick a numeric type by precision |
-| `DataViewStructAccessor`, `buildAccessor`, `DataType2DataViewReaders/Writers` | binary/data_view/*.js | generated struct get/set over a DataView | typed struct view on a buffer |
-| `downloadAsFile`, `downloadUrlAsFile` | binary/*.js | browser file download | trigger a file save in the browser |
-
-## Graphs — core/graph/
-
-| Symbol | File | What it does (short) | Likely-duplicated concept |
-|---|---|---|---|
-| `CSRGraph` | graph/csr/CSRGraph.js | compressed sparse row graph with float edge weights | adjacency list in typed arrays |
-| `csr_graph_find_shortest_path` | graph/csr/csr_graph_find_shortest_path.js | Dijkstra path between nodes | shortest path in a graph |
-| `csr_graph_build_distance_field` | graph/csr/csr_graph_build_distance_field.js | multi-source distance field | BFS/Dijkstra flood from seeds |
-| `csr_graph_find_edge` | graph/csr/csr_graph_find_edge.js | edge lookup | does an edge exist |
-| `Graph`, `NodeContainer` | graph/v2/*.js | object graph model | generic node/edge graph |
-| `Edge`, `WeightedEdge`, `EdgeDirectionType`, `MultiNode` | graph/*.js | edge/node value types | edge record with weight |
-| `graph_compute_adjacency_matrix` / `_degree_` / `_laplacian_` | graph/graph_compute_*_matrix.js | matrix representations | build an adjacency/Laplacian matrix |
-| `graph_compute_distance_matrix` | graph/graph_compute_distance_matrix.js | all-pairs-ish distances | pairwise graph distances |
-| `graph_compute_disconnected_clusters` | graph/graph_compute_disconnected_clusters.js | connected components | find islands in a graph |
-| `computeDisconnectedSubGraphs` | graph/layout/computeDisconnectedSubGraphs.js | split into subgraphs | separate disconnected groups |
-| `graph_k_means_cluster(_detailed)` | graph/graph_k_means_cluster.js | spectral/k-means clustering | cluster graph nodes |
-| `colorizeGraph`, `colorizeGraphGreedy(_Weight)`, `colorizeGraphMCS`, `validateGraphColoring` | graph/coloring/*.js | graph coloring | assign non-conflicting colors/slots |
-| `mn_graph_coarsen`, `mn_graph_collapse_weighted_edge` | graph/mn_graph_*.js | multi-level coarsening | contract a graph |
-| `Metis`, `metis_partition_kway`, `metis_cluster_bs`, `cluster_mesh_metis` | graph/metis/*.js | k-way graph partitioning | partition a mesh/graph into balanced clusters |
-| `convert_graph_to_dot_string`, `graphviz_escape_string` | graph/*.js, graph/format/graphviz/*.js | Graphviz export | dump a graph for visualization |
-| `layoutCircleGraph`, `resolveCircleOverlaps`, `applyCircleForces` | graph/layout/CircleLayout.js | force-directed circle layout | lay out nodes without overlap |
-| `resolveAABB2Overlap`, `forceIntoBox`, `aabb2_force_into_container`, `pullBoxTowardsPoint`, `position_box_next_to_box` | graph/layout/box/*.js | box layout / de-overlap | push rectangles apart / keep in bounds |
-
-## 2D geometry — core/geom/2d/
-
-| Symbol | File | What it does (short) | Likely-duplicated concept |
-|---|---|---|---|
-| `aabb2_from_v2_buffer` (alias `_from_v2_array`) | geom/2d/aabb/aabb2_from_v2_buffer.js | bounds of a 2D point list | compute AABB of points |
-| `aabb2_union_array` (alias `aabb2_array_combine`) | geom/2d/aabb/aabb2_union_array.js | merge boxes | union of bounding boxes |
-| `aabb2_intersects_aabb2` (alias `aabb2_overlap_exists`) | geom/2d/aabb/*.js | box overlap test | do two rectangles overlap |
-| `aabb2_contains(_point)` | geom/2d/aabb/*.js | containment tests | is a point inside a rectangle |
-| `aabb2_compute_intersection` (alias `_compute_overlap`) | geom/2d/aabb/*.js | intersection rectangle | clip two rectangles |
-| `aabb2_area` | geom/2d/aabb/aabb2_area.js | rectangle area | width*height |
-| `aabb2_distance_to_point(_sqr)`, `aabb2_signed_distance_to_point(_sqr)` | geom/2d/aabb/*.js | point-to-box distance | distance from a point to a rectangle |
-| `aabb2_intersects_circle` / `aabb2_intersects_ray` | geom/2d/aabb/*.js | box vs circle / ray | rect–circle, rect–ray tests |
-| `aabb2_clip_line_cohen_sutherland` | geom/2d/aabb/aabb2_clip_line_cohen_sutherland.js | line clipping | clip a segment to a rectangle |
-| `aabb2_center_from_aabb2_buffer` | geom/2d/aabb/*.js | centroid of boxes | average box centers |
-| `circle_contains_point` (alias `circle_intersects_point`) | geom/2d/circle/*.js | point in circle | is point within radius |
-| `circle_intersects_circle` | geom/2d/circle/circle_intersects_circle.js | circle overlap | do two circles overlap |
-| `circle_compute_intersection` / `circle_compute_penetration` | geom/2d/circle/*.js | intersection points / overlap depth | circle–circle resolution |
-| `circle_area`, `circle_circumference` | geom/2d/circle/*.js | circle measures | πr², 2πr |
-| `tri2_signed_area` (alias `triangle2d_compute_area`) | geom/2d/triangle/tri2_signed_area.js | signed area / orientation | triangle winding & area (NOTE: negative for CCW) |
-| `tri2_contains_point` | geom/2d/triangle/tri2_contains_point.js | point in triangle | point-in-triangle test |
-| `tri2_compute_barycentric` | geom/2d/triangle/tri2_compute_barycentric.js | barycentric coordinates | interpolate across a triangle |
-| `tri2_rasterize_conservative` | geom/2d/triangle/tri2_rasterize_conservative.js | conservative rasterization | mark all cells a triangle touches |
-| `polygon2_signed_area` (alias `compute_polygon_area_2d`) | geom/2d/polygon/polygon2_signed_area.js | shoelace area | area of a polygon |
-| `polygon2_is_counter_clockwise` | geom/2d/polygon/polygon2_is_counter_clockwise.js | winding test | polygon orientation |
-| `polygon2_triangulate` | geom/2d/polygon/polygon2_triangulate.js | ear-clipping with contour_ends (holes) | triangulate a polygon |
-| `polygon2_clip_halfplane`, `polygon2_clip_axis_halfplane` | geom/2d/polygon/*.js | Sutherland–Hodgman clip | clip a polygon by a line |
-| `orient2d_indexed` (alias `orientation3_array`) | geom/2d/convex-hull/orient2d_indexed.js | exact 2D orientation predicate | which side of a line is a point on |
-| `convex_hull_monotone_2d` / `convex_hull_jarvis_2d` | geom/2d/convex-hull/*.js | convex hull | compute a 2D convex hull |
-| `convex_hull_fixed_count_2d_bruteforce` / `_relaxation` | geom/2d/convex-hull/*.js | k-gon approximation of hull | fit an N-sided bounding polygon |
-| `min_area_rect_2d` | geom/2d/oriented-box/min_area_rect_2d.js | minimum-area oriented rect | best-fit rotated bounding box |
-| `segment2_intersects_segment2_2d` | geom/2d/line/*.js | segment overlap test | do two segments cross |
-| `segment2_segment_compute_intersection_*` (array / v2 / objects variants) | geom/2d/line/*.js | intersection point | where two segments cross |
-| `line2_segment_intersection_fraction_2d` | geom/2d/line/*.js | intersection parameter t | how far along the segment |
-| `line2_compute_segment_point_distance_sqr` | geom/2d/line/*.js | point–segment distance | distance from a point to a segment |
-| `ray2_ray2_compute_intersection_array_2d` (alias `intersect_ray_2d`) | geom/2d/line/*.js | ray–ray intersection | intersect two 2D rays |
-| `v2_morton_encode` | geom/2d/v2_morton_encode.js | 2D morton code | z-order key for a grid cell |
-| `uv_map_square_to_circle` / `_circle_to_square` | geom/2d/*.js | shape-preserving disc mapping | map a square sample to a disc |
-| `QuadTree` (binary) / `QuadTreeNode` + `qt_*` queries | geom/2d/quad-tree*/... | quadtree with box/circle/point/raycast queries | spatial index for 2D |
-| `SpatialHashGrid` + `shg_query_elements_circle/_line` | geom/2d/hash-grid/*.js | uniform spatial hash grid | bucket objects into grid cells |
-| `BVH2D` + `bvh2d_query_all_data_by_circle` | geom/2d/bvh/*.js | 2D dynamic BVH | 2D broadphase |
-| `StaticR2Tree` | geom/2d/r-tree/StaticR2Tree.js | packed R-tree | static 2D spatial index |
-| `Skyline` | geom/2d/packing/skyline.js | skyline rect packer | pack rectangles into a bin |
-| `pack_max_rectangles`, `pack_one_box`, `MaxRectanglesPacker` | geom/packing/max-rect/*.js | MaxRects bin packing | atlas / rectangle packing |
-| `remove_redundant_boxes(_from_array)` | geom/packing/max-rect/*.js | drop contained free rects | prune contained rectangles |
-| `Miniball`, `sphere_compute_bounding_of_spheres` | geom/packing/miniball/*, geom/packing/*.js | minimum enclosing ball (n-d) | smallest enclosing sphere of points/spheres |
-
-## 3D geometry — core/geom/3d/
-
-| Symbol | File | What it does (short) | Likely-duplicated concept |
-|---|---|---|---|
-| `AABB3` | geom/3d/aabb/AABB3.js | 3D box value object | bounding box class |
-| `aabb3_from_v3_array` (+`_transformed`) | geom/3d/aabb/*.js | bounds of a point buffer | compute AABB of points |
-| `aabb_nd_from_points` (alias `compute_aabb_from_points`) | geom/3d/aabb/aabb_nd_from_points.js | n-dimensional bounds | bounding box in arbitrary dimensions |
-| `aabb3_array_combine` | geom/3d/aabb/aabb3_array_combine.js | merge boxes | union of AABBs |
-| `aabb3_intersects_aabb3` | geom/3d/aabb/aabb3_intersects_aabb3.js | box overlap | AABB overlap test |
-| `aabb3_array_intersects_point/_sphere/_ray` | geom/3d/aabb/*.js | box vs primitive | AABB containment / intersection |
-| `aabb3_intersects_ray`, `aabb3_raycast_hit_point` | geom/3d/aabb/*.js | slab test / hit point | ray–box intersection |
-| `aabb3_intersects_segment3`, `aabb3_ray_segment_entry_distance` | geom/3d/aabb/*.js | segment vs box | bounded ray vs box |
-| `aabb3_closest_point_on_surface` | geom/3d/aabb/aabb3_closest_point_on_surface.js | nearest surface point | project a point onto a box |
-| `aabb3_signed_distance_sqr_to_point`, `_unsigned_`, `aabb3_signed_distance_to_aabb3` | geom/3d/aabb/*.js | distances | distance from point/box to a box |
-| `aabb3_surface_area`, `aabb3_half_surface_area(_extents)`, `aabb3_union_half_surface_area` | geom/3d/aabb/*.js | SAH area measures | surface area heuristic cost |
-| `aabb3_score_boxes_SAH_delta` | geom/3d/aabb/aabb3_score_boxes_SAH_delta.js | SAH merge cost delta | BVH split cost |
-| `aabb3_classify_against_frustum(_array)` | geom/3d/aabb/*.js | inside/outside/intersect | frustum culling of a box |
-| `aabb3_compute_plane_side`, `aabb3_compute_distance_above_plane_min/_max` | geom/3d/aabb/*.js | box vs plane | which side of a plane is a box |
-| `aabb3_matrix4_project(_by_corners)`, `aabb3_transform_oriented(_inverse)` | geom/3d/aabb/*.js | transform a box | AABB of a transformed box |
-| `aabb3_build_corners`, `aabb3_corner_edge_mapping`/`edge_corner`/`edge_plane` | geom/3d/aabb/*.js | corner/edge topology tables | enumerate box corners and edges |
-| `aabb3_projected_area`, `aabb3_estimate_projected_area` | geom/3d/aabb/*.js | screen-space area | how big is a box on screen |
-| `aabb3_expand_array` | geom/3d/aabb/aabb3_expand_array.js | grow by a margin | pad a bounding box |
-| `aabb3_emit_point_grid` (alias `make_justified_point_grid`) | geom/3d/util/aabb3_emit_point_grid.js | iterate lattice points in a box | generate a regular 3D grid of points |
-| `serializeAABB3(Quantized16Uint/Encoded_v0)` + deserializers | geom/3d/aabb/*.js | compact box encoding | quantize a bounding box |
-| `sphere_contains_point` (alias `sphere_intersects_point`) | geom/3d/sphere/*.js | point in sphere | is point within radius |
-| `sphere_intersects_ray`, `sphere_raycast` | geom/3d/sphere/*.js | ray–sphere | ray–sphere intersection |
-| `sphere_compute_bounding_of_2_spheres` | geom/3d/sphere/*.js | merge two spheres | union bounding sphere |
-| `sphere_matrix4_transform` (alias `sphere_matrix4_project`) | geom/3d/sphere/*.js | transform a sphere | apply a matrix to a bounding sphere |
-| `sphere_projected_radius_sqr`, `sphere_project` | geom/3d/sphere/*.js | screen-space radius | LOD / screen size of a sphere |
-| `sphere_radius_sqr_from_v3_buffer_transformed` | geom/3d/sphere/*.js | bounding radius of points | compute a bounding sphere radius |
-| `in_sphere3d_fast` / `in_sphere3d_robust` | geom/3d/sphere/*.js | insphere predicate | Delaunay circumsphere test |
-| `sphere_spherical_from_cartesian` | geom/3d/sphere/*.js | cartesian→spherical | direction to theta/phi |
-| `plane3_normalize`, `plane3_project_point`, `plane3_lerp`, `plane3_slerp` | geom/3d/plane/*.js | plane algebra | normalize / project onto a plane |
-| `plane3_compute_ray_intersection`, `plane3_compute_line_segment_intersection` | geom/3d/plane/*.js | plane hit | ray–plane intersection |
-| `plane3_compute_intersection`, `plane3_compute_3_plane_intersection` | geom/3d/plane/*.js | plane–plane line / 3-plane point | intersect planes |
-| `plane3_contains_point_within_set` (alias `is_point_within_planes`) | geom/3d/plane/*.js | point inside half-space set | point inside a convex volume |
-| `plane3_matrix4_project` | geom/3d/plane/plane3_matrix4_project.js | transform a plane | apply a matrix to a plane |
-| `orient3d_fast` / `orient3d_robust` | geom/3d/plane/*.js | 3D orientation predicate | which side of a triangle plane |
-| `Ray3` | geom/3d/ray/Ray3.js | ray value type (Float32Array) | origin+direction pair |
-| `ray3_compute_closest_point`, `ray3_compute_point_projection_t` | geom/3d/ray/*.js | nearest point / t on ray | project a point onto a ray |
-| `ray3_array_apply_matrix4`, `ray3_shift_origin_along_direction` | geom/3d/ray/*.js | transform / offset a ray | move a ray origin along its direction |
-| `line3_compute_segment_closest_point(_t)` | geom/3d/line/*.js | closest point on a segment | project a point onto a segment |
-| `line3_compute_segment_point_distance(_sqr)` | geom/3d/line/*.js | point–segment distance | distance from a point to a segment |
-| `line3_compute_segment_segment_closest_points` | geom/3d/line/*.js | closest pair between segments | segment–segment distance |
-| `segment3_point_distance_to_segments` | geom/3d/line/*.js | min distance to a polyline | distance from a point to a path |
-| `tri3_area` | geom/3d/triangle/tri3_area.js | triangle area | area of a 3D triangle |
-| `tri3_compute_normal(_v3_objects)` | geom/3d/triangle/*.js | face normal | compute a triangle normal |
-| `tri3_ray_intersection(_barycentric/_indexed/_v3_objects)` | geom/3d/triangle/*.js | Möller–Trumbore | ray–triangle intersection |
-| `tri3_closest_point_barycentric` | geom/3d/triangle/tri3_closest_point_barycentric.js | nearest point on triangle | closest point on a triangle |
-| `tri3_compute_signed_volume`, `tri3_mesh_compute_signed_volume` | geom/3d/triangle/*.js | signed tetra volume sum | volume of a closed mesh |
-| `tri3_compute_plane_side`, `tri3_intersects_clipping_volume` | geom/3d/triangle/*.js | triangle vs plane / volume | clip/cull a triangle |
-| `tri3_incenter` | geom/3d/triangle/tri3_incenter.js | incenter | interior point of a triangle |
-| `aabb3_compute_from_triangle` | geom/3d/triangle/aabb3_compute_from_triangle.js | triangle bounds | AABB of a triangle |
-| `frustum_from_projection_matrix_array` | geom/3d/frustum/*.js | extract 6 planes from a matrix | build frustum planes |
-| `frustum_compute_corners`, `frustum_compute_center`, `read_frustum_corner` | geom/3d/frustum/*.js | frustum geometry | corners of a view frustum |
-| `frustum_slice`, `frustum3_slice_linear_to_points` | geom/3d/frustum/*.js | split frustum by depth | cascaded shadow map splits |
-| `frustum3_from_aabb` (alias `hexahedron_from_aabb`) | geom/3d/frustum/*.js | box as a plane set | convert an AABB to planes |
-| `frustum3_compute_closest_point` | geom/3d/frustum/*.js | nearest point in frustum | clamp a point into a convex volume |
-| `frustum3_matrix4_project(_n)` | geom/3d/frustum/*.js | transform a plane set | transform a clipping volume |
-| `cone_compute_bounding_box`, `cone_compute_plane_side`, `cone_compute_bounding_of_2_cones` | geom/3d/cone/*.js | normal-cone ops | merge/cull normal cones (backface culling) |
-| `capsule_intersects_aabb3_closed` / `_iterative` | geom/3d/capsule/*.js | capsule vs box | capsule–AABB overlap |
-| `capsule_raycast`, `box3_raycast` | geom/3d/capsule/, geom/3d/box/*.js | shape raycasts | ray against a capsule/OBB |
-| `box3_projected_half_extent` | geom/3d/box/box3_projected_half_extent.js | SAT projection radius | box extent along an axis |
-| `circle3_compute_bounding_box` | geom/3d/circle3_compute_bounding_box.js | bounds of a 3D disc | AABB of an oriented circle |
-| `v3_morton_encode_lut` / `_magicbits` / `_normalized` / `_bounded` / `_transformed` | geom/3d/morton/*.js | 3D morton codes | z-order key for spatial sort |
-| `encode_unit_to_octahedron` / `decode_octahedron_to_unit` | geom/3d/normal/octahedron/*.js | octahedral normal encoding | pack a normal into 2 floats |
-| `encode_unit_to_hemioct`, `_to_azimuth`, `_to_spheremap` (+ decoders) | geom/3d/normal/*/*.js | alternative normal encodings | compress a direction vector |
-| `octahedral_direction_to_uv` / `_uv_to_direction` / `_uv_wrap` / `_uv_crease_distance` | geom/3d/octahedra/*.js | octahedral map addressing | direction↔UV for probe maps |
-| `equirectangular_direction_to_uv` / `_uv_to_direction` | geom/3d/equirectangular/*.js | lat-long mapping | direction↔UV for an equirect texture |
-| `sh3_basis_at`, `sh_index`, `sh_normalization_factor`, `SH3_COEFFICIENTS` | geom/3d/sphere/harmonics/*.js | SH basis evaluation | spherical harmonics basis |
-| `sh3_add`, `sh3_vector_accumulate`, `sh3_rotate`, `sh3_convolve_with_zh`/`_cosine_kernel`, `sh3_sample_by_direction`, `sh3_sample_irradiance_by_direction`, `sh3_dering_optimize_positive`, `sh3_ggx_zh` | geom/3d/sphere/harmonics/*.js | SH algebra & sampling | accumulate/rotate/evaluate SH lighting |
-| `gjk`, `gjk_epa_penetration`, `mpr`, `minkowski_support` | geom/3d/gjk/*.js | convex distance/penetration | convex–convex collision (use `gjk_epa_penetration`, not the old EPA) |
-| `AbstractShape3D` + `Box/Sphere/Capsule/Cylinder/ConvexHull/Mesh/Point/Triangle3D/Union/Transformed/Posed` `Shape3D` | geom/3d/shape/*.js | SDF/support-function shape hierarchy | analytic shape with distance+support |
-| `shape3_voxelize_to_grid` | geom/3d/shape/util/shape3_voxelize_to_grid.js | rasterize a shape into a grid | voxelize a collider |
-| `compute_signed_distance_gradient_by_sampling` | geom/3d/shape/util/*.js | numeric SDF gradient | finite-difference normal of an SDF |
-| `shape_to_json` / `shape_from_json` | geom/3d/shape/json/*.js | shape serialization | persist a collision shape |
-| `funnel_string_pull` | geom/3d/funnel_string_pull.js | simple stupid funnel | smooth a corridor path into a straight line |
-| `SurfacePoint3` | geom/3d/SurfacePoint3.js | point + normal record | hit record |
-| `polygon3_compute_normal`, `polygon3_triangulate` | geom/3d/polygon/*.js | 3D polygon normal & triangulation | triangulate a planar 3D polygon |
-
-## Meshes & topology — core/geom/3d/topology/
-
-| Symbol | File | What it does (short) | Likely-duplicated concept |
-|---|---|---|---|
-| `BinaryTopology` (+`NULL_POINTER`) | topology/struct/binary/BinaryTopology.js | typed-array half-edge (BMesh-style) mesh | editable mesh connectivity |
-| `bt_mesh_from_indexed_geometry` / `_from_unindexed_geometry` | topology/struct/binary/io/*.js | build topology from buffers | index buffer → connectivity |
-| `bt_mesh_validate` (+`BT_DEFECT`, `BT_ELEMENT_TYPE`), `bt_mesh_assert_valid` | topology/struct/binary/query/bt_mesh_validate.js | invariant checker | verify mesh connectivity |
-| `bt_mesh_is_manifold`, `bt_mesh_is_closed` | topology/struct/binary/query/*.js | manifold/watertight tests | is this mesh closed |
-| `bt_edge_is_boundary`, `bt_edge_other_vertex`, `bt_edge_has_vertex`, `bt_edge_get` | topology/struct/binary/query/*.js | edge queries | walk edges of a mesh |
-| `bt_face_get_centroid`, `bt_face_get_incenter`, `bt_face_is_degenerate` | topology/struct/binary/query/*.js | face measures | centroid of a polygon face |
-| `bt_face_get_edge_adjacent_faces` (alias `_neighbour_faces`), `_vertex_adjacent_faces` | topology/struct/binary/query/*.js | face adjacency | iterate neighbouring faces |
-| `bt_face_island_flood_fill`, `bt_mesh_compute_face_islands` | topology/struct/binary/query/*.js | connected face regions | flood fill / find mesh islands |
-| `bt_mesh_walk_boundary_loops`, `bt_collect_boundary_segments` | topology/struct/binary/query/*.js | boundary loop extraction | find the outline of a mesh |
-| `bt_mesh_build_boundary_distance_field` / `_euclidean_` / `bt_mesh_compute_edge_distance_eikonal` | topology/struct/binary/query/*.js | geodesic distance fields | distance-from-border over a mesh |
-| `bt_mesh_face_find_path` / `_polyanya` | topology/struct/binary/query/*.js | pathfinding across faces | navmesh path search |
-| `bt_mesh_find_nearest_face`, `bt_mesh_build_face_bvh` | topology/struct/binary/query/*.js | spatial lookup | nearest face / mesh BVH |
-| `bt_mesh_segment_penetrates_surface` | topology/struct/binary/query/*.js | segment vs mesh | line-of-sight through geometry |
-| `bt_mesh_sample_interior_grid_points` | topology/struct/binary/query/*.js | interior point sampling | sample points inside a closed mesh |
-| `bt_vertex_distance_to_vertex` / `_to_edge` | topology/struct/binary/query/*.js | metric queries | distance between mesh elements |
-| `bt_edge_collapse`, `bt_edge_split`, `bt_edge_create`, `bt_edge_get_or_create`, `bt_edge_kill` | topology/struct/binary/io/edge/*.js | Euler operators on edges | collapse / split a mesh edge |
-| `bt_face_poke`, `bt_face_triangulate`, `bt_face_kill` | topology/struct/binary/io/face/*.js | Euler operators on faces | subdivide / triangulate a face |
-| `bt_vertex_kill`, `bt_vertex_replace`, `bt_merge_vertices_by_distance` | topology/struct/binary/io/vertex/*.js | vertex ops | weld vertices within a tolerance |
-| `bt_mesh_triangulate` | topology/struct/binary/io/bt_mesh_triangulate.js | triangulate all faces | convert n-gons to triangles |
-| `bt_mesh_simplify` / `bt_mesh_simplify_by_error` | topology/struct/binary/io/*.js | QEM decimation (error-bounded) | reduce triangle count |
-| `bt_mesh_compute_vertex_quadrics`, `bt_mesh_compute_face_normals` | topology/struct/binary/io/*.js | per-element attributes | compute face normals / QEM quadrics |
-| `bt_mesh_close_boundary_holes`, `bt_mesh_fill_small_holes`, `bt_mesh_bridge_islands` | topology/struct/binary/io/*.js | hole repair | close holes in a mesh |
-| `bt_mesh_resolve_t_junctions`, `bt_mesh_kill_short_edges`, `bt_mesh_fuse_duplicate_edges` | topology/struct/binary/io/*.js | mesh cleanup | fix T-junctions / degenerate edges |
-| `bt_mesh_compact`, `bt_mesh_cleanup_faceless_references` | topology/struct/binary/io/*.js | garbage collection | compact a mesh after deletions |
-| `bt_mesh_face_island_erode`, `bt_mesh_face_decouple(_islands)` | topology/struct/binary/io/*.js | region erosion / split | shrink or split a face region |
-| `bt_loop_uv_init` / `bt_loop_write_uv` / `bt_loop_read_uv` | topology/../atlas? (geom/3d/atlas/io/bt_loop_uv.js) | per-loop UV storage | store UVs per corner, not per vertex |
-| `BinaryElementPool` | topology/struct/binary/BinaryElementPool.js | free-list over typed arrays | slot allocator with recycling |
-| `TopoMesh`, `TopoVertex`, `TopoEdge`, `TopoTriangle` | topology/struct/*.js | object-graph half-edge mesh (older) | mesh connectivity, object flavour |
-| `tm_*` family (`tm_edge_kill`, `tm_vertex_splice`, `tm_face_normal`, `tm_face_area`, `tm_weld_duplicate_vertices`, `tm_mesh_cleanup`, …) | topology/*.js, topology/util/*.js | TopoMesh operators | same ops as `bt_*` but on `TopoMesh` |
-| `simplifyTopoMesh`, `simplifyTopoMesh2`, `decimate_edge_collapse_snap` | topology/simplify/*.js | mesh decimation | reduce mesh detail |
-| `Quadric3`, `build_vertex_quadrics`, `compute_edge_collapse_cost_quadric` | topology/simplify/quadratic/*.js | QEM error quadrics | quadric error metric |
-| `compute_topo_mesh_bounding_box` / `_bounding_sphere` | topology/bounds/*.js | mesh bounds | bounding volume of a mesh |
-| `compute_triangle_cluster_normal_bounding_cone` | topology/bounds/*.js | normal cone of a cluster | backface-cull a triangle cluster |
-| `mesh_flood_fill` | topology/util/mesh_flood_fill.js | region growing over faces | flood fill a mesh region |
-| `build_face_graph_from_mesh` | topology/build_face_graph_from_mesh.js | dual graph of a mesh | face adjacency graph |
-| `three_buffer_geometry_to_topo_mesh` / `topo_mesh_to_three_buffer_geometry` | topology/three/*.js | three.js bridge | convert to/from BufferGeometry |
-| `TetrahedralMesh` + `tetrahedral_mesh_*` family | geom/3d/tetrahedra/*.js | tet mesh + Delaunay/flips/quality | volumetric meshing |
-| `tetrahedron_contains_point`, `tetrahedron_compute_signed_volume`, `tetrahedron_compute_circumsphere` | geom/3d/tetrahedra/*.js | tet predicates | point-in-tetrahedron test |
-| `atlas_generate`, `atlas_compute_charts`, `atlas_pack_charts`, `atlas_write_chart_uvs` | geom/3d/atlas/*.js | full UV atlas pipeline | generate lightmap/UV2 charts |
-| `atlas_chart_parameterize_lscm` / `_bff` / `_ortho` | geom/3d/atlas/param/*.js | chart flattening | UV unwrap a surface patch |
-| `atlas_mesh_weld_colocals` | geom/3d/atlas/io/*.js | positional welding | merge coincident vertices |
-| `fit_plane_basis` | geom/3d/atlas/param/fit_plane_basis.js | least-squares plane basis | best-fit plane of points |
-
-## Acceleration structures — core/bvh2/, core/bvh8/
-
-| Symbol | File | What it does (short) | Likely-duplicated concept |
-|---|---|---|---|
-| `BVH` (+ column constants) | bvh2/bvh3/BVH.js | dynamic 3D BVH in typed arrays | broadphase / spatial index |
-| `ebvh_build_for_geometry_morton` / `_incremental` | bvh2/bvh3/*.js | BVH construction | build a BVH over triangles |
-| `ebvh_build_hierarchy(_radix)` | bvh2/bvh3/*.js | LBVH hierarchy from morton codes | radix-tree BVH build |
-| `ebvh_optimize_treelet`, `ebvh_nodes_sort_sah_local4` | bvh2/bvh3/*.js | topology refinement | improve BVH quality |
-| `ebvh_sort_for_traversal_depth_first`, `ebvh_update_hierarchy_bounds` | bvh2/bvh3/*.js | layout / refit | refit a BVH after motion |
-| `bvh_query_user_data_ray(_segment)`, `_nearest_to_point(_filtered)`, `_intersects_aabb/_sphere/_capsule/_frustum` | bvh2/bvh3/query/*.js | BVH queries (result-first arg order) | query objects in a region |
-| `bvh_query_leaves_generic`, `bvh_query_user_data_generic` | bvh2/bvh3/query/*.js | callback-driven traversal | custom BVH traversal |
-| `BVHQuery` + `And`/`Any`/`IntersectsAABB`/`Sphere`/`Ray`/`Frustum` | bvh2/bvh3/query/*.js | composable query objects | combine spatial predicates |
-| `ebvh_geometry_query_nearest_triangle_ray` / `_any_triangle_ray` | bvh2/bvh3/*.js | triangle raycast | closest hit / any hit |
-| `build_triangle_morton_codes` | bvh2/bvh3/build_triangle_morton_codes.js | morton keys for triangles | spatial sort of primitives |
-| `BinaryUint32BVH` + `bvh32_query_user_data_ray`/`_clipping_volume` | bvh2/binary/2/*.js | serialized static BVH | compact BVH for storage |
-| `BVH8` + `bvh8_build_for_geometry`, `bvh8_validate_structure`, `bvh8_quality` | bvh8/*.js | 8-wide compressed BVH | wide BVH for GPU traversal |
-| `compute_tight_near_far_clipping_planes` | bvh2/bvh3/query/*.js | depth range in a frustum | auto near/far plane fit |
-
-## Signals & events — core/events/
-
-| Symbol | File | What it does (short) | Likely-duplicated concept |
-|---|---|---|---|
-| `Signal` | events/signal/Signal.js | typed multicast event with `add/remove/send*` | event emitter / observer list |
-| `SignalBinding` | events/signal/SignalBinding.js | link/unlink a handler pair | managed subscription |
-| `SignalHandler` (+`SignalHandlerFlags`), `SignalFlags` | events/signal/*.js | handler node + once/priority flags | one-shot / prioritized listener |
-| `signal_filter` | events/signal/signal_filter.js | derived signal by predicate | filter an event stream |
-| `signal_aggregate_by_time_window` | events/signal/signal_aggregate_by_time_window.js | debounce/batch by time | debounce or throttle events |
-| `signal_handler_list_find`/`_last`/`_validate`, `findSignalHandlerIndexByHandle(AndContext)` | events/signal/*.js | handler list utilities | find a listener by function+context |
-| `dispatchViaProxy` | events/signal/dispatchViaProxy.js | dispatch with a copy of handlers | safe iteration while mutating listeners |
-
-## Functions & object utilities — core/function/, core/model/object/, core/json/
-
-| Symbol | File | What it does (short) | Likely-duplicated concept |
-|---|---|---|---|
-| `noop` | function/noop.js | do nothing | empty callback `() => {}` |
-| `passThrough` | function/passThrough.js | identity | identity function `x => x` |
-| `returnTrue`/`returnFalse`/`returnZero`/`returnOne`/`returnEmptyArray` | function/*.js | constant functions | inline `() => true` default |
-| `makeReturnValue` | function/makeReturnValue.js | constant-function factory | closure returning a fixed value |
-| `strictEquals` | function/strictEquals.js | `a === b` as a function | default equality comparator |
-| `objectsEqual` | function/objectsEqual.js | equality via `.equals()` fallback | polymorphic equality |
-| `objectDeepEquals` | model/object/objectDeepEquals.js | recursive structural equality | deep equal two objects |
-| `object_deep_clone` | model/object/object_deep_clone.js | recursive clone | deep clone an object |
-| `objectShallowCopyByOwnKeys` | model/object/objectShallowCopyByOwnKeys.js | own-key shallow copy | shallow clone / spread |
-| `invokeObjectClone`/`invokeObjectCompare`/`invokeObjectEquals`/`invokeObjectToJSON` | model/object/invokeObject*.js | polymorphic method dispatch | call `.clone()`/`.equals()` if present |
-| `compareValues`, `compareObjectsByNumericId` | model/object/*.js | generic comparators | sort mixed values / by id |
-| `objectKeyByValue` | model/object/objectKeyByValue.js | reverse lookup in an object | find the enum key for a value |
-| `read_property` / `write_property` | model/object/*.js | path-based get/set | read `a.b.c` from a path array |
-| `resolvePath` / `resolvePathByArray` | json/*.js | JSON path resolution | look up a nested property by string path |
-| `objectHasProperty` | json/objectHasProperty.js | own-property test | `hasOwnProperty` wrapper |
-| `abstractJSONSerializer` / `abstractJSONDeserializer` | json/*.js | class-registry JSON round-trip | serialize a polymorphic object graph |
-| `chain` | function/chain.js | run processes in sequence | compose functions/steps |
-| `makeSequenceLoop` | function/makeSequenceLoop.js | cycling sequence iterator | loop through values repeatedly |
-| `frameThrottle` | function/frameThrottle.js | coalesce calls into one rAF | throttle to once per frame |
-| `extractFunctionBody`, `FunctionCompiler` | function/*.js | source→runtime function | codegen / compile an expression |
-| `codeToBlob` / `codeToURL` | codegen/*.js | source → blob URL | create a worker from a source string |
-| `LineBuilder` | codegen/LineBuilder.js | indented text builder | build generated source line-by-line |
-| `and`/`or`/`not`/`isEqualTo`/`isGreaterThan`/`isLessThan`/`isDefined`/`isNull`/`isInstanceOf`/`isTypeOf` | process/matcher/*.js | composable predicates | build a predicate expression |
-| `MutableFilter`, `MutableFilterCollection` | process/filter/*.js | reactive predicate set | live filter with change notification |
-| `Matcher`/`BaseMatcher` + `allOf`/`anyOf`/`not`/`equalTo`/`isIn`/`hasItem`/`anything` | debug/*.js, debug/matchers/*.js | Hamcrest-style matchers | expressive assertion matchers |
-| `assert.*` | assert.js | assertion helpers (stripped in prod builds) | runtime precondition checks (free in prod) |
-
-## Caches — core/cache/
-
-| Symbol | File | What it does (short) | Likely-duplicated concept |
-|---|---|---|---|
-| `Cache` / `CacheV2` | cache/Cache.js, CacheV2.js | keyed cache with eviction | LRU cache |
-| `CacheWTinylfu` (+`CacheRegionWTinylfu`, `CacheElementWTinylfu`) | cache/wtinylfu/*.js | W-TinyLFU admission cache | high-hit-rate cache with frequency admission |
-| `FrequencySketch` | cache/FrequencySketch.js | count-min frequency sketch | approximate access-frequency counter |
-| `LoadingCache` | cache/LoadingCache.js | compute-on-miss cache | memoize an expensive loader |
-| `CacheElement` | cache/CacheElement.js | cache entry node | LRU list node |
-| `AbstractCachingParser` | lang/reactive/AbstractCachingParser.js | memoized parse | cache parsed expressions by source |
-
-## Processes, tasks, time — core/process/, core/time/
-
-| Symbol | File | What it does (short) | Likely-duplicated concept |
-|---|---|---|---|
-| `Task` + `TaskSignal` | process/task/*.js | cooperative incremental task | time-sliced work / yielding loop |
-| `actionTask`/`countTask`/`delayTask`/`emptyTask`/`failingTask`/`futureTask`/`promiseTask`/`iteratorTask`/`ignoreFailureTask` | process/task/util/*.js | task constructors | wrap a callback or promise as a task |
-| `task_tree_compute_leaf_tasks` | process/task/util/*.js | flatten a task tree | enumerate leaf work items |
-| `RemainingTimeEstimator` | process/task/RemainingTimeEstimator.js | ETA from progress | estimate time remaining |
-| `BaseProcess`, `CompositeProcess`, `ProcessState` | process/*.js | lifecycle-managed process | start/stop component with state |
-| `SimpleLifecycle` (+`SimpleLifecycleStateType`) | process/SimpleLifecycle.js | start/stop state machine | lifecycle guard |
-| `Future` (+`FutureStates`) | process/Future.js | lazily-resolved value | deferred / promise-like |
-| `PromiseWatcher`, `buildPromiseChain` | process/*.js | promise sequencing/observation | run promises in series |
-| `delay` | process/delay.js | promise that resolves after ms | `setTimeout` as a promise |
-| `WatchDog` | process/WatchDog.js | timeout guard | detect a stuck operation |
-| `AsynchronousAction`, `AsynchronousActionSequence`, `SynchronousAction`, `PromiseAsynchronousAction` | process/action/*.js | uniform action wrappers | run sync/async steps uniformly |
-| `Action`, `ActionGroup`, `ActionProcessor`, `Mark` | process/undo/*.js | undo/redo command stack | undoable operations |
-| `OnDemandWorkerManager`, `WorkerProxy`/`WorkerStatus`, `extractTransferables` | process/worker/*.js | web worker pooling & transfer | run work off the main thread |
-| `ConcurrentExecutorProfiler`, `Profile`, `TraceEvent` | process/executor/profile/*.js | trace-event profiling | measure where time went |
-| `current_time_in_seconds` | time/current_time_in_seconds.js | monotonic seconds | `performance.now()/1000` |
-
-## Colour — core/color/
-
-| Symbol | File | What it does (short) | Likely-duplicated concept |
-|---|---|---|---|
-| `Color` | color/Color.js | observable RGB colour | colour value type |
-| `hex2rgb` / `rgb2hex` | color/hex/*.js | hex string ↔ rgb | parse a `#rrggbb` string |
-| `parse_color` | color/parse_color.js | parse many colour notations | parse a CSS-ish colour string |
-| `int2rgb`, `rgb2uint24`, `rgb2uint32` | color/*.js | packed int ↔ rgb | pack a colour into an int |
-| `rgb2hsv` / `hsv2rgb` / `hsv2rgb_float` | color/hsv/*.js | HSV conversion | RGB↔HSV |
-| `sRGB_to_linear` / `linear_to_sRGB` (+ per-channel) | color/sRGB/*.js | gamma transfer functions | gamma-correct a colour |
-| `rgb_to_xyz` / `xyz_to_rgb` | color/xyz/*.js | CIE XYZ conversion | RGB↔XYZ |
-| `linear_srgb_to_oklab` / `oklab_to_linear_srgb`, `xyz_to_oklab`, `oklab_to_xyz` | color/oklab/*.js | OkLab conversion | perceptual colour space |
-| `linear_srgb_to_okhsv` / `okhsv_to_linear_srgb`, `find_cusp`, `find_gamut_intersection`, `compute_max_saturation`, `toe`/`toe_inv` | color/oklab/*.js | OkHSV + gamut mapping | clamp a colour into gamut |
-| `color_lerp` | color/operations/color_lerp.js | blend two colours | interpolate colours |
-| `color_lighten`/`_darken`/`_saturate`/`_desaturate` | color/operations/*.js | tonal adjustments | lighten/darken a colour |
-| `rgb_to_luminance` | color/rgb_to_luminance.js | luma from rgb | perceived brightness |
-| `rgb_to_rgbe9995` / `rgbe9995_to_rgb` | color/*.js | shared-exponent HDR packing | pack HDR colour into 32 bits |
-| `rgb_to_ycocg` / `ycocg_to_rgb`, `rgb_to_YCbCr_uint24` / inverse | color/YCoCg/, color/YCbCr/*.js | luma-chroma transforms | YCoCg / YCbCr conversion |
-| `kelvin_to_rgb` / `rgb_to_kelvin` | color/kelvin/*.js | colour temperature | blackbody colour from Kelvin |
-| `tonemap_aces` | color/tonemap/tonemap_aces.js | ACES filmic tonemap | HDR→LDR tonemapping |
-| `D65_spd_analytical` / `_tabulated`, `planckian_radiance` | color/illuminant/*.js | illuminant spectra | spectral power distribution |
-| `xyz_cmf_wyman` / `xyz_cmf_tabulated`, `sRGB_cmf` | color/xyz/, color/sRGB/*.js | colour matching functions | wavelength → colour |
-
-## Paths & strings-as-paths — core/path/, core/parser/
-
-| Symbol | File | What it does (short) | Likely-duplicated concept |
-|---|---|---|---|
-| `computeFileExtension` | path/computeFileExtension.js | extension from a path | get the file extension |
-| `computeFileName` | path/computeFileName.js | file name with extension | basename of a path |
-| `computePathBase` | path/computePathBase.js | file name without extension | stem of a filename |
-| `computePathDirectory` | path/computePathDirectory.js | directory portion | dirname of a path |
-| `convertPathToURL`, `PATH_SEPARATOR` | path/*.js | path→URL, separator constant | join path segments |
-| `seedVariablesIntoTemplateString`, `STRING_TEMPLATE_VARIABLE_REGEX` | parser/*.js | `${var}` substitution | interpolate variables into a template |
-| `skipWhitespace`, `readIdentifierToken`, `readNumberToken`, `readStringToken`, `readBooleanToken`, `readHexToken`, `readArrayLiteral`, `readUnsignedIntegerToken`, `readReferenceToken` | parser/simple/*.js | cursor-based tokenizer primitives | hand-rolled parsing of a small syntax |
-| `computeDataTypeFromValue`, `DataType` | parser/simple/*.js | infer a value's type | runtime type tag from a value |
-
-## State machines & observables — core/fsm/, core/model/
-
-| Symbol | File | What it does (short) | Likely-duplicated concept |
-|---|---|---|---|
-| `SimpleStateMachine` + `SimpleStateMachineDescription` | fsm/simple/*.js | declarative FSM with transitions | state machine with allowed transitions |
-| `IllegalStateException` | fsm/exceptions/IllegalStateException.js | invalid-state error | throw on bad state transition |
-| `ObservedValue` | model/ObservedValue.js | value + change signal | observable property |
-| `ObservedBoolean` / `ObservedInteger` / `ObservedString` / `ObservedEnum` | model/Observed*.js | typed observables | reactive typed field |
-| `DebouncedObservedBoolean` | model/DebouncedObservedBoolean.js | debounced boolean | delay a flag flipping |
-| `BoundedValue` | model/BoundedValue.js | value with min/max (e.g. HP) | current/max stat pair |
-| `BooleanVector3` | model/BooleanVector3.js | three observable booleans | per-axis flags |
-| `ModuleRegistry` | model/ModuleRegistry.js | named module registry | plugin registry |
-| `validate_enum_schema` | model/validate_enum_schema.js | enum object validation | verify an enum is well-formed |
-| `compileReactiveExpression`, `validateReactiveExpression`, `parseReactiveExpression` | lang/reactive/*.js | reactive expression language | evaluate a user-written condition |
-| `ReactiveExpression` tree (`ReactiveAdd`, `ReactiveEquals`, `ReactiveAnd`, `ReactiveReference`, literals…) | model/reactive/model/**/*.js | expression AST nodes | build a condition/formula tree |
-| `ReactiveTrigger`, `BlackboardTrigger`, `MultiPredicateEvaluator` | model/reactive/trigger/, evaluation/*.js | fire when a condition becomes true | data-driven trigger |
-| `NodeGraph`, `NodeRegistry`, `NodeDescription`, `NodeInstance`, `Port`, `Connection`, `DataType` | model/node-graph/**/*.js | typed node graph model | visual scripting / DAG of nodes |
-| `graph_clone_by_node_subset`, `graph_collect_connections_amongst_nodes`, `convert_node_graph_to_dot_string` | model/node-graph/util/*.js | subgraph extraction & export | copy a selection of nodes |
-
-## Engine-level but clearly general — engine/
-
-| Symbol | File | What it does (short) | Likely-duplicated concept |
-|---|---|---|---|
-| `AnimationCurve` | engine/animation/curve/AnimationCurve.js | keyframed curve with tangents | easing / keyframe curve (reuse this, don't invent one) |
-| `animation_curve_compute_aabb`, `_nearest_point`, `_subdivide`, `_optimize`, `_fit` | engine/animation/curve/*.js | curve utilities | fit / simplify a keyframed curve |
-| `sample_animation_curve_to_float_array` | engine/animation/curve/compression/*.js | bake a curve to samples | flatten a curve into a table |
-| `downsample_float_array(_curve_by_error)` | engine/animation/curve/compression/*.js | error-bounded resampling | compress a sampled signal |
-| `AnimationTrack`, `AnimationClip`, `AnimationClipBinding` | engine/animation/clip/*.js | keyframe tracks & binding | animate object properties over time |
-| `hemisphere_align_quaternion_values` | engine/animation/clip/*.js | flip quats to nearest hemisphere | avoid long-way quaternion interpolation |
-| `TimeSeries`, `table_find_min_index_in_ordered_column` | engine/animation/async/*.js | time-ordered samples + binary search | find the keyframe for a time |
-| `Interpoland`, `Interpolated`, `InterpolationLog`, `InterpolationKind` | engine/interpolation/*.js | networked state interpolation | smooth a value toward a target |
-| `Sampler2D` | engine/graphics/texture/sampler/Sampler2D.js | typed 2D multi-channel raster with sampling | 2D grid / image buffer with bilinear sampling |
-| `sampler2d_scale(_down_linear/_down_lanczos/_down_mipmap/_up_linear/_generic)` | engine/graphics/texture/sampler/resize/*.js | resampling | resize an image/heightmap |
-| `sampler2d_blur_gaussian`, `sampler2d_scale_down_generic` | engine/graphics/texture/sampler/filter/*.js | filtered downsample/blur | blur a 2D grid |
-| `filter_lanczos3`, `mitchell`, `kaiser_1`, `triangle`, `box`, `cubic2`, `gaussian` | engine/graphics/texture/sampler/filter/*.js | reconstruction filter kernels | resampling filter weights |
-| `sampler2d_copy_rectangle`, `_sub_copy_same_item_size`, `_copy_with_margins`, `_copy_channel_data`, `_transfer_data` | engine/graphics/texture/sampler/*.js | blit operations | copy a sub-rectangle between images |
-| `sampler2d_channel_compute_min/_max/_min_indices`, `_channel_linear_transform`, `_combine`, `_multiply_vector` | engine/graphics/texture/sampler/*.js | per-channel analysis & math | find the min/max of an image channel |
-| `sampler2d_find_pixels`, `make_edge_condition_channel_threshold` | engine/graphics/texture/sampler/search/*.js | predicate pixel search | find pixels matching a condition |
-| `computeUnsignedDistanceField(_Chamfer)`, `computeSignedDistanceField_Chamfer/_NaiveFlood` | engine/graphics/texture/sampler/distance/*.js | 2D distance fields | distance-to-nearest-set-pixel |
-| `sampler2d_to_html_canvas`, `_to_data_url`, `_write_to_canvas_raw`, `canvasDataToSampler` | engine/graphics/texture/sampler/*.js | canvas bridge | render a grid into a canvas for debugging |
-| `SingleChannelSampler3D`, `scs3d_sample_linear(3)`, `scs3d_read_2d_slice` | engine/graphics/texture/3d/*.js | 3D scalar field with trilinear sampling | volumetric grid sampling |
-| `Logger`, `logger`, `LogLevel`, `ConsoleLoggerBackend`, `VoidLoggerBackend` | engine/logging/*.js | leveled logging with pluggable backends | `console.log` sprinkled in code |
-| `globalMetrics`, `MetricsGateway`, `MetricsCategory` | engine/metrics/*.js | analytics event gateway | record a metric/telemetry event |
-| `BinaryClassSerializationAdapter`, `BinarySerializationRegistry`, `BinaryClassUpgrader`, `executeBinaryClassUpgraderChain` | engine/ecs/storage/binary/*.js | versioned binary (de)serialization | write a class to a BinaryBuffer with migration |
-| `IndexedDBStorage`, `InMemoryStorage`, `StorageBackedSet` | engine/save/storage/*.js | persistence backends | store data in IndexedDB |
-| `ORTHOGONAL_NEIGHBOURHOOD_MASK` | engine/grid/ORTHOGONAL_NEIGHBOURHOOD_MASK.js | 4-neighbour offset table | iterate neighbours of a grid cell |
-| `Localization`, `LocalizationEngine`, `LocaleDataset` | core/localization/*.js | string table lookup (`getString`) | translate a UI string |
-| `obtainClipBoard`, `safeClipboardReadText`, `safeClipboardWriteText` | core/clipboard/*.js | permission-safe clipboard access | copy text to the clipboard |
+# meep — reuse surface inventory
+
+Catalogue of general-purpose primitives that already exist. All paths are relative to
+`H:/git/moh/app/src/mir-engine/meep/src/`. Each symbol lives in a file of the same name unless noted.
+
+**How to use this:** the last column names the *concept* in the words someone re-implementing it would
+use. If you see code in the codebase doing that thing by hand, it is a duplication candidate.
+
+Naming conventions worth knowing before you search for duplicates:
+- `v2_/v3_/v4_/m2_/m3_/m4_/quat3_` = flat-array (offset-based) vector/matrix math, no allocation.
+- `aabb2_/aabb3_/tri2_/tri3_/sphere_/plane3_/ray3_/line3_/frustum3_` = geometry predicates on flat arrays.
+- `bt_*` = BinaryTopology (half-edge/BMesh-style) mesh ops; `tm_*` = older object-graph TopoMesh ops.
+- Many symbols have a legacy `camelCase` alias file re-exporting the `snake_case` canonical one — both are live.
+
+---
+
+## Scalar math — core/math/
+
+| Symbol | File | What it does (short) | Likely-duplicated concept |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| `clamp` | math/clamp.js | clamp value to [min,max] | clamp a number to a range |
+| `clamp01` / `saturate` | math/clamp01.js | clamp to [0,1] | saturate / clamp to unit range |
+| `lerp` / `mix` | math/lerp.js, math/mix.js | a+(b-a)*f | linear interpolation between two numbers |
+| `inverseLerp` | math/inverseLerp.js | fraction of value between a and b | un-lerp / normalize into 0..1 range |
+| `remap` | math/remap.js | map value from one range to another | rescale a number between two ranges |
+| `smoothStep` | math/smoothStep.js | Hermite 3t²-2t³ ease between edges | smoothstep easing |
+| `smootherStep` | math/smootherStep.js | Ken Perlin quintic ease | smootherstep / quintic ease |
+| `fract` | math/fract.js | fractional part | take fractional part of a float |
+| `euclidean_modulo` | math/euclidean_modulo.js | always-positive modulo | positive/wrapping modulo |
+| `pingpong` | math/pingpong.js | triangle-wave fold into [0,length] | ping-pong / bounce a value in a range |
+| `sign` / `sign_not_zero` | math/sign.js, math/sign_not_zero.js | signum; variant that never returns 0 | sign of a number |
+| `copysign` | math/copysign.js | magnitude of x with sign of y | copy the sign from one float to another |
+| `iabs` / `fabsf` | math/iabs.js, math/fabsf.js | integer/float absolute value | absolute value |
+| `min2/min3/max2/max3` | math/min2.js … max3.js | 2- and 3-way min/max | min/max of two or three numbers |
+| `sqr` | math/sqr.js | x*x | square a number |
+| `isqrt` | math/isqrt.js | integer square root | integer sqrt |
+| `exp2` | math/exp2.js | 2^v | power of two exponent |
+| `isPowerOfTwo` | math/isPowerOfTwo.js | power-of-two test | check if integer is a power of two |
+| `nextOdd` | math/nextOdd.js | round up to next odd integer | round to next odd |
+| `round_up` | math/round_up.js | round x up to multiple of divisor | round up to a multiple / align |
+| `frexp` | math/frexp.js | split float into mantissa+exponent | decompose a float into mantissa/exponent |
+| `epsilonEquals` | math/epsilonEquals.js | approximate float equality | compare two floats with a tolerance |
+| `EPSILON`, `FLT_EPSILON_16/32/64` | math/EPSILON.js, math/FLT_EPSILON_*.js | epsilon constants per precision | hand-written 1e-6 / 1e-7 epsilon literal |
+| `PI`, `PI2`, `PI_HALF`, `PI_RECIPROCAL`, `GOLDEN_RATIO` | math/PI*.js, math/GOLDEN_RATIO.js | math constants | `Math.PI * 2` written inline |
+| `DEG_TO_RAD`, `RAD_TO_DEG` | math/DEG_TO_RAD.js, math/RAD_TO_DEG.js | angle unit conversion factors | degrees↔radians conversion |
+| `normalize_angle_rad` | geom/normalize_angle_rad.js | wrap angle into canonical range | wrap an angle to [-π,π] / [0,2π] |
+| `factorial` | math/factorial.js | n! | factorial |
+| `computeGreatestCommonDivisor` | math/computeGreatestCommonDivisor.js | Euclid GCD | greatest common divisor |
+| `computeWholeDivisorLow` | math/computeWholeDivisorLow.js | largest whole divisor under a limit | find a divisor / factor pair |
+| `gaussian` | math/gaussian.js | gaussian weight at distance for sigma | gaussian falloff weight |
+| `build_gaussian_kernel_1d/_2d` | math/build_gaussian_kernel_*.js | normalized blur kernels | build a blur kernel |
+| `sinc` | math/sinc.js | sin(x)/x | sinc / lanczos base |
+| `bessel_j0`, `bessel_3`, `modified_bessel_i0` | math/bessel*.js | Bessel functions | Bessel/Kaiser window math |
+| `compute_legendre_polynomial` | math/compute_legendre_polynomial.js | associated Legendre P(l,m,x) | Legendre polynomial for SH |
+| `solveQuadratic` / `solveCubic` | math/solveQuadratic.js, math/solveCubic.js | real roots into a result array | solve a quadratic / cubic equation |
+| `newton_solver_1d` | math/newton_solver_1d.js | Newton–Raphson 1D root find | iterate to find a root of f(x) |
+| `bell_membership_function` | math/bell_membership_function.js | generalized bell curve | fuzzy membership / bell falloff |
+| `idct_1d` / `idct_2d` | math/idct_*.js | inverse DCT | DCT block decode |
+| `computeIsoscelesTriangleApexAngle` | math/computeIsoscelesTriangleApexAngle.js | apex angle from side+base | cone half-angle from radius/height |
+| `NumericType` | math/NumericType.js | numeric type enum | int vs float type tag |
+
+## Intervals & statistics — core/math/interval/, core/math/statistics/
+
+| Symbol | File | What it does (short) | Likely-duplicated concept |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| `intersects1D` | math/interval/intersects1D.js | 1D range overlap test | do two ranges overlap |
+| `overlap1D` / `separation1D` | math/interval/overlap1D.js, separation1D.js | overlap amount / gap between ranges | measure range overlap or gap |
+| `isValueBetween` / `Inclusive` | math/interval/isValueBetween*.js | in-range predicate (order-agnostic) | check a number is between two others |
+| `NumericInterval` | math/interval/NumericInterval.js | min/max interval object | min/max pair class |
+| `computeStatisticalMean` | math/statistics/computeStatisticalMean.js | mean over slice | average of an array |
+| `computeStatisticalMedian` / `PartialMedian` | math/statistics/computeStatisticalMedian.js, …Partial…js | median (whole / slice) | median of samples |
+| `computeStatisticalPercentile` | math/statistics/computeStatisticalPercentile.js | percentile band | p95/p50 percentile |
+| `computeStatisticalVariance` / `StandardDeviation` | math/statistics/computeStatisticalV*.js | variance / stddev | variance or standard deviation |
+| `softmax` | math/statistics/softmax.js | softmax component | softmax normalization |
+| `gaussian_amplitude` | math/statistics/gaussian_amplitude.js | gaussian PDF amplitude | normal distribution amplitude |
+| `halton_sequence`, `hammersley_sequence(_2d)` | math/statistics/*.js | low-discrepancy sequences | quasi-random / jitter sequence |
+| `radical_inverse_VdC_base_2` | math/statistics/radical_inverse_VdC_base_2.js | Van der Corput radical inverse | bit-reverse based low-discrepancy value |
+| `generate_hammersley_jitter` | math/statistics/generate_hammersley_jitter.js | jitter point set | TAA/sampling jitter table |
+| `generate_halton_jitter` | math/random/generate_halton_jitter.js | halton jitter point set | TAA jitter offsets |
+| `computeSampleSize_Cochran` | math/statistics/computeSampleSize_Cochran.js | required sample size | statistical sample sizing |
+
+## Random — core/math/random/, core/geom/random/
+
+| Symbol | File | What it does (short) | Likely-duplicated concept |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| `seededRandom` (= Mulberry32) | math/random/seededRandom.js | deterministic PRNG factory | seeded random number generator |
+| `seededRandom_MersenneTwister` | math/random/seededRandom_MersenneTwister.js | MT19937 PRNG | high-quality seeded RNG |
+| `randomFloatBetween` | math/random/randomFloatBetween.js | uniform float in range | random float in [min,max] |
+| `randomIntegerBetween` | math/random/randomIntegerBetween.js | uniform integer in range | random int in a range |
+| `randomFromArray` | math/random/randomFromArray.js | pick uniform element | pick a random element from an array |
+| `randomMultipleFromArray` | collection/array/randomMultipleFromArray.js | pick N distinct elements | random sample without replacement |
+| `weightedRandomFromArray` | collection/array/weightedRandomFromArray.js | weighted pick | weighted random choice |
+| `random_pick_weighted_index` | math/random/random_pick_weighted_index.js | pick index from cumulative weights | roulette-wheel selection over CDF |
+| `array_shuffle` | collection/array/array_shuffle.js | in-place Fisher–Yates with a supplied RNG | shuffle an array with a seeded RNG |
+| `randomGaussian` | math/random/randomGaussian.js | normal-distributed sample | gaussian/normal random |
+| `randomSeed` | math/random/randomSeed.js | derive a fresh seed from an RNG | spawn a child RNG seed |
+| `randomBytes` / `randomUint8` | math/random/randomBytes.js, randomUint8.js | fill bytes from an RNG | random byte buffer |
+| `roundFair` | math/random/roundFair.js | stochastic rounding by fraction | probabilistic rounding |
+| `random_point_in_sphere` / `_on_sphere` | geom/random/random_point_in|on_sphere.js | uniform point in/on sphere | random point in a sphere |
+| `random_point_in_box` / `_on_box` | geom/random/random_point_in|on_box.js | uniform point in/on AABB | random point inside a box |
+| `random_point_in_circle` | geom/random/random_point_in_circle.js | uniform point in disc | random point in a circle |
+| `v3_uniform_sample_cone` | geom/vec3/v3_uniform_sample_cone.js | uniform direction in a cone | sample a direction within a cone |
+| `sphere_fibonacci_point` | geom/3d/sphere/sphere_fibonacci_point.js | i-th fibonacci sphere point | evenly distribute N points on a sphere |
+| `create_simplex_noise_2d` | math/noise/create_simplex_noise_2d.js | seeded simplex noise sampler | procedural noise |
+| `sdnoise1/2/3/4` | math/noise/sdnoise.js | simplex noise with analytic derivatives | noise + gradient |
+| `noise_octaves` | math/noise/noise_octaves.js | fBm octave accumulation | fractal brownian motion / octave noise |
+| `curl_noise_3d(t)` | math/noise/curl_noise_3d*.js | divergence-free curl noise | swirly velocity noise field |
+
+## Hashing — core/math/hash/, core/primitives/, core/collection/array/
+
+| Symbol | File | What it does (short) | Likely-duplicated concept |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| `computeStringHash` | primitives/strings/computeStringHash.js | 32-bit string hash | hash a string |
+| `computeHashFloat` | primitives/numbers/computeHashFloat.js | hash of a float | hash a number |
+| `computeBooleanHash` | primitives/boolean/computeBooleanHash.js | hash of a boolean | hash a bool |
+| `computeObjectHash` | math/hash/computeObjectHash.js | recursive object hash to depth | hash an arbitrary object |
+| `computeHashArray` | collection/array/computeHashArray.js | hash array with element hasher | hash a list |
+| `computeIntegerArrayHash` | collection/array/computeIntegerArrayHash.js | hash an int array range | hash a typed index buffer |
+| `computeHashFloatArray` | math/hash/computeHashFloatArray.js | hash a float array | hash vertex/float data |
+| `computeStridedArrayHash` / `…IntegerArrayHash` | collection/array/computeStrided*.js | hash strided slices | hash interleaved vertex data |
+| `combine_hash` | collection/array/combine_hash.js | fold multiple hashes into one | combine hash codes |
+| `lowbias32` | math/hash/lowbias32.js | integer bit-mix | scramble/avalanche an int |
+| `murmur3_32` | math/hash/murmur3_32.js | murmur3 | non-crypto hash |
+| `squirrel3` | math/hash/squirrel3.js | Squirrel3 noise hash | position→noise hash |
+| `array_buffer_hash`, `uint8/16/32_array_hash` | collection/array/typed/*_hash.js | typed-array content hashes | hash a typed array |
+| `sparse_typed_array_hash` | collection/array/typed/sparse_typed_array_hash.js | sampled hash for large arrays | cheap fingerprint of big buffer |
+| `invokeObjectHash` | model/object/invokeObjectHash.js | call `.hash()` or fall back | polymorphic hash dispatch |
+
+## Linear algebra / solvers — core/math/linalg/, core/math/matrix/
+
+| Symbol | File | What it does (short) | Likely-duplicated concept |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| `SquareMatrix` | math/matrix/SquareMatrix.js | dense NxN matrix | dense matrix container |
+| `SparseMatrixCSR` | math/linalg/sparse/SparseMatrixCSR.js | CSR sparse matrix | sparse matrix storage |
+| `spm_matvec` / `_transpose` | math/linalg/sparse/spm_matvec*.js | sparse matrix–vector product | SpMV |
+| `cg_solve` | math/linalg/cg/cg_solve.js | conjugate gradient with operator callback | iterative linear solve |
+| `cg_solve_normal_equations` | math/linalg/cg/cg_solve_normal_equations.js | CGNR least squares | least-squares solve |
+| `solve_linear_system` | math/linalg/solve_linear_system.js | dense Ax=b | Gaussian elimination |
+| `solve_linear_system_GEPP_2x2` | math/linalg/solve_linear_system_GEPP_2x2.js | 2x2 solve with pivoting | tiny linear system |
+| `lu_factor_linear_system` / `lu_solve_linear_system` | math/linalg/lu_*.js | LU factor + back substitute | LU decomposition |
+| `matrix_symmetric_3x3_eigen` | math/linalg/eigen/matrix_symmetric_3x3_eigen.js | eigenvalues+vectors of sym 3x3 | PCA of a covariance matrix |
+| `matrix_eigenvalues_in_place` | math/linalg/eigen/matrix_eigenvalues_in_place.js | eigenvalues of dense sym matrix | eigen decomposition |
+| `matrix_top_eigenvector_power_iteration` | math/linalg/eigen/…js | dominant eigenvector | power iteration / principal axis |
+| `matrix_qr_in_place`, `matrix_householder_in_place` | math/linalg/eigen/*.js | QR / Householder reduction | QR decomposition |
+| `givens_rotation_coefficients`, `givens_apply_rows(_offset)` | math/linalg/givens/*.js | Givens rotation | plane rotation in a solver |
+| `eigen_values_find_spectral_gap` | math/linalg/eigen/eigen_values_find_spectral_gap.js | largest gap in spectrum | choose cluster count from spectrum |
+| `m2_svd`, `m2_polar_decomp(_noS)` | math/linalg/m2/*.js | 2x2 SVD / polar decomposition | extract rotation from a 2x2 deformation |
+| `polynomial_multiply/_add_into/_sub_into/_scale_into` | math/linalg/polynomial_*.js | polynomial arithmetic | polynomial coefficient math |
+| `polynomial_cubic_horner_eval` (+ derivative, 2nd derivative) | math/linalg/polynomial_cubic_*.js | Horner evaluation | evaluate a cubic and its slope |
+| `polynomial_real_roots_in_interval` | math/linalg/polynomial_real_roots_in_interval.js | real roots in a range | bracketed root finding |
+| `polynomial_complex_roots_aberth_ehrlich` | math/linalg/polynomial_complex_roots_aberth_ehrlich.js | all complex roots | polynomial root solver |
+| `polynomial_root_bound_cauchy` | math/linalg/polynomial_root_bound_cauchy.js | root magnitude bound | bound where roots can live |
+| `complex_add/sub/mul/div/horner_eval` | math/complex/*.js | complex arithmetic on flat pairs | complex number math |
+| `sor_optimal_omega` | math/linalg/sor_optimal_omega.js | optimal SOR relaxation factor | successive over-relaxation tuning |
+| `mat4x4_transpose_copy_to_mat4x3` | math/matrix/mat4x4_transpose_copy_to_mat4x3.js | pack 4x4 into 4x3 transposed | GPU matrix packing |
+| `ParameterLookupTable` | math/lookup/ParameterLookupTable.js | sampled function LUT with flags | precomputed function table |
+
+## Splines & interpolation — core/math/spline/
+
+| Symbol | File | What it does (short) | Likely-duplicated concept |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| `spline3_hermite` | math/spline/spline3_hermite.js | cubic Hermite evaluation | evaluate a cubic curve from p/m endpoints |
+| `spline3_hermite_derivative` / `_integral` | math/spline/spline3_hermite_*.js | slope / area of hermite segment | derivative or integral of a spline |
+| `spline3_hermite_bounds(_t)` | math/spline/spline3_hermite_bounds*.js | exact min/max of segment | bounding box of a curve segment |
+| `spline3_hermite_subdivide` / `_reverse` | math/spline/…js | split at t / flip direction | subdivide a bezier/hermite curve |
+| `spline3_hermite_to_bezier` / `spline3_bezier_to_hermite` | math/spline/…js | basis conversion | convert between bezier and hermite |
+| `spline3_hermite_to_monomial` | math/spline/spline3_hermite_to_monomial.js | to power basis | get polynomial coefficients of a curve |
+| `spline3_hermite_nearest_point` | math/spline/spline3_hermite_nearest_point.js | closest t on curve to a point | project a point onto a curve |
+| `spline3_hermite_intersection_spline3_hermite(_1d/_2d/_nd)` | math/spline/…js | curve–curve intersection | intersect two spline segments |
+| `spline3_bezier` / `spline2_bezier` | math/spline/spline3_bezier.js, spline2_bezier.js | cubic / quadratic bezier eval | evaluate a bezier |
+| `spline3_bezier_bounds` | math/spline/spline3_bezier_bounds.js | exact bezier bounds | bezier bounding box |
+| `spline2_quadratic_bezier` | geom/2d/spline2_quadratic_bezier.js | 2D quadratic bezier | quadratic bezier point |
+| `computeCatmullRomSpline` | math/spline/computeCatmullRomSpline.js | Catmull-Rom sample | smooth a polyline |
+| `computeCatmullRomSplineUniformDistance` | math/spline/…js | arc-length-uniform resample | resample a path at even spacing |
+| `computeNonuniformCatmullRomSplineSample` (+ derivative) | math/spline/…js | centripetal Catmull-Rom | alpha-parameterized spline |
+| `interpolate_bicubic` | math/spline/interpolate_bicubic.js | bicubic interpolation | smooth 2D sample interpolation |
+| `makeCubicCurve` | math/spline/makeCubicCurve.js | build a cubic curve closure | cubic easing curve factory |
+
+## Physics / shading math — core/math/physics/
+
+| Symbol | File | What it does (short) | Likely-duplicated concept |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| `fresnel_Schlick` | math/physics/brdf/fresnel_Schlick*.js | Schlick fresnel | fresnel approximation |
+| `bsdf_schlick` | math/physics/bsdf/bsdf_schlick.js | f0..f90 Schlick blend | schlick interpolation of reflectance |
+| `diffuse_GGX`, `brdf_burley` | math/physics/brdf/*.js | GGX/Burley BRDF terms | microfacet BRDF |
+| `pdf_GGX`, `pdf_normal` | math/physics/pdf/*.js | sampling PDFs | importance-sampling PDF |
+| `cone_cosine_from_roughness` | math/physics/brdf/cone_cosine_from_roughness.js | roughness→cone angle | reflection cone width |
+| `ior_to_reflectivity` / `reflectivity_to_ior` | math/physics/*.js | IOR ↔ F0 | index of refraction conversion |
+| `computeHookeForce` | math/physics/spring/computeHookeForce.js | F = -kx | spring force |
+| `computeInterceptPoint` | math/physics/kinematics/computeInterceptPoint.js | lead-target intercept | where to aim at a moving target |
+| `interpolate_irradiance_linear/_smith/_logarithmic` | math/physics/irradiance/*.js | falloff interpolation | light attenuation curves |
+| `compute_mie_phase`, `compute_mie_particle_properties_rgb` | math/physics/mie/*.js | Mie scattering phase/optics | atmospheric scattering coefficients |
+
+## Vectors & matrices (flat arrays) — core/geom/vec*, core/geom/mat*, core/geom/3d/mat4, quaternion
+
+| Symbol | File | What it does (short) | Likely-duplicated concept |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| `Vector1` | geom/Vector1.js | observable scalar (`.set()`, `.onChanged`) | reactive number value |
+| `Vector2` / `Vector3` / `Vector4` | geom/Vector2.js … Vector4.js | observable Float64Array vectors | vector class with change signals |
+| `Quaternion` | geom/Quaternion.js | observable quaternion | rotation value type |
+| `v2_length(_sqr)`, `v2_distance(_sqr)`, `v2_dot`, `v2_cross_product` | geom/vec2/*.js | 2D vector ops | length/distance/dot of 2D points |
+| `v2_angle_between`, `v2_bearing_angle_towards` | geom/vec2/*.js | angle between / heading to | angle between two 2D vectors |
+| `v2_array_normalize` | geom/vec2/v2_array_normalize.js | normalize a v2 buffer | normalize a list of 2D vectors |
+| `v2_matrix3_cm_multiply` / `_rm_` | geom/vec2/*.js | transform 2D point by mat3 | apply a 2D transform matrix |
+| `v3_length(_sqr)`, `v3_distance(_sqr)`, `v3_dot`, `v3_cross` | geom/vec3/*.js | 3D vector ops | length/distance/dot/cross of 3D points |
+| `v3_add`, `v3_subtract`, `v3_multiply`, `v3_scale`, `v3_negate_array` | geom/vec3/*.js | componentwise arithmetic into a result array | add/subtract/scale a 3D vector |
+| `v3_normalize_array` | geom/vec3/v3_normalize_array.js | normalize in place / into array | normalize a 3D vector |
+| `v3_lerp` / `v3_slerp` | geom/vec3/*.js | linear / spherical interpolation | interpolate two 3D vectors or directions |
+| `v3_angle`, `v3_angle_stable`, `v3_cos_angle`, `v3_interior_angle` | geom/vec3/*.js | angle between vectors (atan2-stable variant) | angle between two 3D directions |
+| `v3_cotangent` | geom/vec3/v3_cotangent.js | cot of angle between vectors | cotangent weight (Laplacian) |
+| `v3_reflect` | geom/vec3/v3_reflect.js | reflect direction about a normal | mirror a vector across a normal |
+| `v3_centroid_v3_buffer` | geom/vec3/v3_centroid_v3_buffer.js | mean of a point buffer | average/centroid of points |
+| `v3_copy_array`, `v3_equals_array` | geom/vec3/*.js | copy / compare v3 slots | copy or compare 3 floats at offsets |
+| `v3_displace_in_direction(_array)` | geom/vec3/*.js | p + dir*distance | move a point along a direction |
+| `v3_distance_above_plane` | geom/vec3/v3_distance_above_plane.js | signed plane distance | signed distance from a plane |
+| `v3_matrix3_multiply`, `v3_matrix4_multiply` | geom/vec3/*.js | transform point by matrix | apply a matrix to a point |
+| `v3_matrix4_rotate(_unit/_normal/_array)` | geom/vec3/*.js | direction-only transform | rotate a normal by a matrix |
+| `v3_quaternion_apply(_inverse)` | geom/vec3/*.js | rotate a vector by quaternion | apply a quaternion rotation |
+| `v3_orthonormal_matrix_from_normal` | geom/vec3/v3_orthonormal_matrix_from_normal.js | build TBN from a normal | construct a tangent basis |
+| `v3_triple_cross` | geom/vec3/v3_triple_cross.js | (a×b)×a | triple product |
+| `v3_rigid_align_paired_unit_vectors` | geom/vec3/v3_rigid_align_paired_unit_vectors.js | best-fit rotation between direction sets | Kabsch / rotation alignment |
+| `v3_allocate` | geom/vec3/v3_allocate.js | allocate a v3 scratch | scratch vector allocation |
+| `v4_length(_sqr)`, `v4_dot`, `v4_distance_sqr`, `v4_matrix4_multiply` | geom/vec4/*.js | 4D vector ops | homogeneous vector math |
+| `vector_dot(_offset)`, `vector_axpy(_offset)`, `vector_copy(_offset)`, `vector_scale_offset`, `vector_normalize` | geom/vec/*.js | N-dimensional BLAS-1 ops | dot/scale/axpy over arbitrary-length arrays |
+| `m2_multiply`, `m2_add`, `m2_transpose`, `m2_determinant`, `m2_multiply_scalar`, `m2_multiply_transposed`, `m2_sub_transposed` | geom/mat2/*.js | 2x2 matrix algebra | 2x2 matrix math |
+| `m2_is_diagonal`, `m2_is_orthogonal`, `M2_IDENTITY` | geom/mat2/*.js | predicates / identity constant | matrix identity or orthogonality check |
+| `m3_multiply`, `m3_invert`, `m3_determinant`, `m3_scale_columns_by_vec3` | geom/mat3/*.js | 3x3 matrix algebra | 3x3 matrix math |
+| `m3_cm_compose_transform` / `m3_rm_compose_transform` | geom/mat3/*.js | build 2D affine mat3 (col/row major) | compose translate+rotate+scale in 2D |
+| `m3_cm_extract_rotation`, `m3_rm_extract_scale`, `m3_cm_make_translation` | geom/mat3/*.js | decompose / build 2D transform | extract rotation or scale from a matrix |
+| `m3_make_rotation_TBN` | geom/mat3/m3_make_rotation_TBN.js | look-at basis from forward+up | build an orientation matrix |
+| `m4_multiply`, `m4_invert`, `m4_allocate`, `M4_IDENTITY` | geom/3d/mat4/*.js | 4x4 matrix algebra | 4x4 matrix math |
+| `m4_compose` / `m4_decompose` | geom/3d/mat4/*.js | TRS ↔ matrix | compose/decompose a transform matrix |
+| `m4_from_rotation_translation_scale`, `m4_rotation_translation`, `m4_make_scale`, `m4_make_translation` | geom/3d/mat4/*.js | build specialized matrices | make a translation/scale matrix |
+| `m4_inverse_rotation_translation` | geom/3d/mat4/m4_inverse_rotation_translation.js | fast inverse of rigid transform | invert a view matrix cheaply |
+| `m4_euler_angles`, `m4_extract_scale` | geom/3d/mat4/*.js | extract euler / scale | get rotation angles from a matrix |
+| `m4_normal_matrix3` | geom/3d/mat4/m4_normal_matrix3.js | inverse-transpose upper 3x3 | normal matrix for shading |
+| `m4_transform_v3_buffer` / `m4_transform_direction_v3_buffer` | geom/3d/mat4/*.js | batch transform of a point buffer | transform an array of vertices |
+| `m4_orthographic_off_center_z0` | geom/3d/mat4/m4_orthographic_off_center_z0.js | ortho projection matrix | build an orthographic projection |
+| `quat3_multiply`, `quat3_from_axis_angle`, `quat3_to_matrix3` | geom/3d/quaternion/*.js | quaternion algebra | quaternion multiply / from axis-angle |
+| `quat3_integrate` | geom/3d/quaternion/quat3_integrate.js | integrate angular velocity | advance a rotation by ω·dt |
+| `quat3_encode_to_uint32` / `quat3_decode_from_uint32` | geom/3d/quaternion/*.js | quantize a quaternion to 32 bits | pack a rotation into an int |
+
+## Arrays & typed arrays — core/collection/array/
+
+| Symbol | File | What it does (short) | Likely-duplicated concept |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| `array_copy(_entire)` | collection/array/array_copy*.js | ranged copy between arrays | copy a slice of an array |
+| `array_copy_unique` | collection/array/array_copy_unique.js | copy skipping duplicates | append unique items |
+| `array_deduplicate` | collection/array/array_deduplicate.js | remove duplicates | unique the elements of an array |
+| `array_contains_duplicates` | collection/array/array_contains_duplicates.js | duplicate detection | check for duplicate entries |
+| `array_push_if_unique` | collection/array/array_push_if_unique.js | add only when absent | add-to-set semantics on an array |
+| `array_remove_first` | collection/array/array_remove_first.js | remove first matching element | remove element by value |
+| `array_swap`, `array_swap_one` | collection/array/array_swap*.js | swap elements / ranges | swap two array elements |
+| `array_shift_back` | collection/array/array_shift_back.js | shift a run of elements | compact by shifting |
+| `array_shrink_to_size` | collection/array/array_shrink_to_size.js | truncate | truncate an array in place |
+| `array_replace_all` | collection/array/array_replace_all.js | replace all occurrences | replace a value everywhere |
+| `array_compute_min` / `_max` / `_min_max` | collection/array/array_compute_*.js | extremes over a slice | find min/max of an array |
+| `array_pick_best_element(s)` | collection/array/array_pick_best_element*.js | argmax by score function | pick highest-scoring item |
+| `array_group_by` | collection/array/array_group_by.js | group by key producer | group items into buckets by key |
+| `array_filter_by_multiple` | collection/array/array_filter_by_multiple.js | apply several predicates | filter with a predicate list |
+| `array_set_diff`, `array_set_diff_sorting` | collection/array/array_set_diff*.js | added/removed between two lists | diff two collections |
+| `array_index_by_equality` | collection/array/array_index_by_equality.js | indexOf with custom equality | find index using a comparator |
+| `array_get_index_in_range` | collection/array/array_get_index_in_range.js | indexOf bounded to a window | search within a sub-range |
+| `binarySearchLowIndex` / `binarySearchHighIndex` | collection/array/binarySearch*.js | lower/upper bound | binary search in a sorted array |
+| `array_sort_quick`, `array_quick_sort_by_comparator` | collection/array/array_*sort*.js | in-place quicksort | sort an array with a comparator |
+| `array_quick_sort_by_lookup_map` / `_lookup_uint` | collection/array/array_quick_sort_by_lookup_*.js | sort by precomputed key array | sort indices by a key table |
+| `array_compare` | collection/array/array_compare.js | lexicographic array compare | compare two arrays for ordering |
+| `isArrayEqual`, `isArrayEqualStrict`, `fastArrayEquals` | collection/array/*.js | array equality variants | compare two arrays element-wise |
+| `isArraysEqualWithComparator` | collection/array/isArraysEqualWithComparator.js | equality with custom comparator | deep-compare two lists |
+| `array_range_equal_strict` | collection/array/array_range_equal_strict.js | compare sub-ranges | compare slices of two arrays |
+| `isArrayLike` | collection/array/isArrayLike.js | array-like duck-type test | check if something is array-like |
+| `collectIteratorValueToArray` | collection/collectIteratorValueToArray.js | drain an iterator | turn an iterator into an array |
+| `AbstractArrayIterator`, `ArrayIteratorSequential`, `ArrayIteratorRandom` | collection/array/iterator/*.js | reusable array iterators | sequential / random traversal of a list |
+| `typed_array_copy`, `array_buffer_copy` | collection/array/typed/*.js | typed-array/buffer copies | copy typed array data |
+| `is_typed_array_equals`, `is_array_buffer_equals` | collection/array/typed/*.js | binary equality | compare two typed arrays |
+| `isTypedArray`, `typedArrayConstructorByInstance` | collection/array/typed/*.js | type introspection | detect a typed array and its constructor |
+| `typed_array_is_integer` | collection/array/typed/typed_array_is_integer.js | integer-typed test | is this an int array |
+| `typed_array_value_normalize` / `_denormalize` | collection/array/typed/*.js | int↔unit-float conversion | normalize a uint8 to 0..1 |
+| `UintArrayForCount` | collection/array/typed/uint_array_for_count.js | narrowest uint array for a max value | choose Uint8/16/32 by range |
+| `compute_binary_data_type_from_typed_array` | collection/array/typed/*.js | typed array → BinaryDataType | map an array to a type enum |
+
+## Collections — core/collection/
+
+| Symbol | File | What it does (short) | Likely-duplicated concept |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| `Stack` | collection/Stack.js | LIFO stack | push/pop stack |
+| `Deque` / `Queue` | collection/queue/Deque.js, Queue.js | double-ended queue | FIFO queue |
+| `RingBuffer` | collection/RingBuffer.js | fixed-size circular buffer | ring / circular buffer |
+| `SCRATCH_UINT32_TRAVERSAL_STACK` | collection/SCRATCH_UINT32_TRAVERSAL_STACK.js | shared preallocated traversal stack | scratch stack for tree traversal |
+| `HashMap` | collection/map/HashMap.js | hash map with pluggable hash/equals | map keyed by a value object |
+| `HashSet` | collection/set/HashSet.js | hash set with pluggable hash/equals | set of value objects |
+| `BiMap` | collection/map/BiMap.js | bidirectional map | two-way key↔value lookup |
+| `Uint32Map` (+`UINT32_MAP_ABSENT`) | collection/Uint32Map.js | open-addressing uint32→uint32 map | int-to-int map without boxing |
+| `PairUint32Map` | collection/PairUint32Map.js | (uint32,uint32)→uint32 map | keyed lookup on a pair of ints |
+| `ObservedMap` | collection/map/ObservedMap.js | map with add/remove signals | observable map |
+| `AbstractAsyncMap`, `AsyncMapWrapper` | collection/map/*.js | promise-based map interface | async key-value store |
+| `generate_next_linear_congruential_index` | collection/map/generate_next_linear_congruential_index.js | LCG probe sequence | open-addressing probe step |
+| `compute_set_difference` / `compute_set_intersection` | collection/set/*.js | Set algebra | set difference / intersection |
+| `set_remove` | collection/set/set_remove.js | bulk remove from a Set | remove many items from a set |
+| `FibonacciHeap` | collection/heap/FibonacciHeap.js | decrease-key priority queue | priority queue for Dijkstra/A* |
+| `IndexedFloatMinHeap` / `IndexedFloatMaxHeap` | collection/heap/*.js | indexed float-priority heaps | priority queue over indices |
+| `Uint32Heap`, `Uint32Heap4`, `Uint32MinHeap` | collection/heap/*.js, collection/Uint32MinHeap.js | typed binary/4-ary heaps | integer priority queue |
+| `RowFirstTable` + `RowFirstTableSpec` | collection/table/*.js | typed struct-of-columns table | array-of-structs stored in typed arrays |
+| `TableRecord` | collection/table/bind/TableRecord.js | cursor/view over a table row | row accessor for a packed table |
+| `KeyValuePair` | collection/KeyValuePair.js | key/value tuple | pair object |
+| `CuckooFilter` | collection/CuckooFilter.js | approximate membership filter | bloom-filter-like set |
+| `uf_init` / `uf_find` / `uf_union` | collection/union-find/union_find.js | disjoint-set forest | union-find / connected components |
+| `FilteredListProjection`, `SortedListProjection`, `ListForwarder` | collection/list/*.js | reactive derived lists | live filtered/sorted view of a list |
+| `IdPool` | IdPool.js (core root) | recycling integer id allocator | unique id generation / free-list of ids |
+| `ObjectPoolFactory`, `ImmutableObjectPool` | model/object/*.js | object pooling | reuse objects instead of allocating |
+
+## Strings, numbers, booleans — core/primitives/
+
+| Symbol | File | What it does (short) | Likely-duplicated concept |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| `compareStrings` | primitives/strings/compareStrings.js | ordering comparator | sort strings |
+| `string_capitalize` | primitives/strings/string_capitalize.js | uppercase first letter | capitalize a word |
+| `string_repeat` | primitives/strings/string_repeat.js | repeat a string N times | repeat/pad a string |
+| `string_strip_trailing` | primitives/strings/string_strip_trailing.js | remove trailing sequence | trim a suffix |
+| `string_compute_common_prefix` | primitives/strings/string_compute_common_prefix.js | longest shared prefix | common prefix of many strings |
+| `string_compute_byte_size` | primitives/strings/string_compute_byte_size.js | UTF-8 byte length | measure encoded string size |
+| `string_jaro_distance`, `string_jaro_winkler`, `string_compute_similarity` | primitives/strings/*.js | fuzzy similarity | fuzzy string matching / typo tolerance |
+| `string_format_camel_to_kebab`, `string_format_kebab_to_underscore` | primitives/strings/*.js | case conversions | camelCase↔kebab-case |
+| `insert_before`, `insert_after`, `insert_*_or_replace` | primitives/strings/*.js | anchored string splicing | inject text at a marker (shader chunks) |
+| `number_compare_ascending` / `_descending` | primitives/numbers/*.js | numeric comparators | sort numbers |
+| `number_count_decimals` | primitives/numbers/number_count_decimals.js | decimal places in a value | how many decimals to display |
+| `number_format_by_thousands` | primitives/numbers/number_format_by_thousands.js | thousands separators | format 1234567 as 1,234,567 |
+| `number_pretty_print` | primitives/numbers/number_pretty_print.js | human-friendly number string | pretty-print a number |
+| `compareBooleans` | primitives/boolean/compareBooleans.js | boolean comparator | sort booleans |
+| `magnitude_prefix`, `magnitude_scale`, `format_quantity` | science/units/*.js | SI prefix selection & formatting | format bytes/hertz with k/M/G |
+| `KILOBYTE`/`MEGABYTE`/`GIGABYTE`/`TERABYTE` | science/units/memory/*.js | byte-size constants | `1024*1024` written inline |
+
+## Binary & bit manipulation — core/binary/
+
+| Symbol | File | What it does (short) | Likely-duplicated concept |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| `BinaryBuffer` | binary/BinaryBuffer.js | growable read/write cursor over an ArrayBuffer | binary reader/writer |
+| `EncodingBinaryBuffer` | binary/EncodingBinaryBuffer.js | BinaryBuffer with varint/text encoding | compressed binary stream |
+| `BitSet` | binary/BitSet.js | dynamic bitset | bit flags array |
+| `BitImage2` | binary/BitImage2.js | 2D bitmap of bits | boolean occupancy mask |
+| `bitset_find_clear_gap` | binary/bitset_find_clear_gap.js | find N consecutive free bits | first-fit allocation in a bitmask |
+| `OffsetAllocator` (+`ALLOCATOR_NO_SPACE`) | binary/allocator/OffsetAllocator.js | sub-allocator over a range | suballocate GPU/buffer offsets |
+| `bitCount` | binary/operations/bitCount.js | popcount | count set bits |
+| `msb_32` / `lsb_32` / `ctz32` | binary/msb_32.js, lsb_32.js, ctz32.js | highest/lowest set bit, trailing zeros | find first/last set bit |
+| `ceilPowerOfTwo` | binary/operations/ceilPowerOfTwo.js | round up to power of two | next power of two |
+| `align_4` / `align_32` | binary/align_4.js, align_32.js | align a byte offset | align to 4/32 bytes |
+| `largest_common_alignment_uint32` | binary/largest_common_alignment_uint32.js | best shared alignment of two offsets | choose fastest copy width |
+| `reverse_bits_uint32` | binary/reverse_bits_uint32.js | bit reversal | reverse bit order |
+| `split_by_2` / `split_by_3` / `de_interleave_2_bits` | binary/*.js | bit interleaving primitives | morton/z-order bit spreading |
+| `reinterpret_float32_as_uint32` (+3 inverses) | binary/reinterpret_*.js | bit-level float/int punning | reinterpret bits of a float |
+| `to_half_float_uint16` / `half_to_float_uint16` | binary/*.js | float16 conversion | pack a float into 16 bits |
+| `float_to_uint8` / `uint8_to_float` | binary/*.js | unit-float ↔ byte | quantize 0..1 to a byte |
+| `uintToFloatRoundUp/Down`, `floatToUint` | binary/float/SmallFloat.js | 12-bit small-float codec | compact float encoding |
+| `create32BitCodec` | binary/32BitEncoder.js | pack several fields into a uint32 | bit-pack multiple values into one int |
+| `dec2hex`, `hex2dec`, `uint82hex` | binary/*.js | hex conversion | number ↔ hex string |
+| `int32_to_binary_string` | binary/int32_to_binary_string.js | debug bit string | print bits of an int |
+| `Base64` | binary/base64/Base64.js | base64 codec | base64 encode/decode |
+| `base58_encode` | binary/base58/base58_encode.js | base58 encode | short id encoding |
+| `is_data_url`, `url_to_data_url` | binary/*.js | data-URL helpers | detect/convert a data: URL |
+| `makeArrayBuffer` | binary/makeArrayBuffer.js | ArrayBuffer or SharedArrayBuffer | allocate a (shared) buffer |
+| `platform_compute_endianness`, `EndianType` | binary/*.js | runtime endianness | detect little/big endian |
+| `UINT16_MAX`, `UINT32_MAX`, `FLOAT32_MAX` | binary/*.js | limit constants | `0xFFFFFFFF` written inline |
+| `BinaryDataType`, `DataTypeByteSizes`/`dataTypeByteSize`, `DataType2TypedArrayConstructorMapping` | binary/type/*.js | binary type enum + metadata | map a type tag to size/constructor |
+| `computeBinaryDataTypeByPrecision`, `computeDataTypeByIndex` | binary/type/*.js | type selection | pick a numeric type by precision |
+| `DataViewStructAccessor`, `buildAccessor`, `DataType2DataViewReaders/Writers` | binary/data_view/*.js | generated struct get/set over a DataView | typed struct view on a buffer |
+| `downloadAsFile`, `downloadUrlAsFile` | binary/*.js | browser file download | trigger a file save in the browser |
+
+## Graphs — core/graph/
+
+| Symbol | File | What it does (short) | Likely-duplicated concept |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| `CSRGraph` | graph/csr/CSRGraph.js | compressed sparse row graph with float edge weights | adjacency list in typed arrays |
+| `csr_graph_find_shortest_path` | graph/csr/csr_graph_find_shortest_path.js | Dijkstra path between nodes | shortest path in a graph |
+| `csr_graph_build_distance_field` | graph/csr/csr_graph_build_distance_field.js | multi-source distance field | BFS/Dijkstra flood from seeds |
+| `csr_graph_find_edge` | graph/csr/csr_graph_find_edge.js | edge lookup | does an edge exist |
+| `Graph`, `NodeContainer` | graph/v2/*.js | object graph model | generic node/edge graph |
+| `Edge`, `WeightedEdge`, `EdgeDirectionType`, `MultiNode` | graph/*.js | edge/node value types | edge record with weight |
+| `graph_compute_adjacency_matrix` / `_degree_` / `_laplacian_` | graph/graph_compute_*_matrix.js | matrix representations | build an adjacency/Laplacian matrix |
+| `graph_compute_distance_matrix` | graph/graph_compute_distance_matrix.js | all-pairs-ish distances | pairwise graph distances |
+| `graph_compute_disconnected_clusters` | graph/graph_compute_disconnected_clusters.js | connected components | find islands in a graph |
+| `computeDisconnectedSubGraphs` | graph/layout/computeDisconnectedSubGraphs.js | split into subgraphs | separate disconnected groups |
+| `graph_k_means_cluster(_detailed)` | graph/graph_k_means_cluster.js | spectral/k-means clustering | cluster graph nodes |
+| `colorizeGraph`, `colorizeGraphGreedy(_Weight)`, `colorizeGraphMCS`, `validateGraphColoring` | graph/coloring/*.js | graph coloring | assign non-conflicting colors/slots |
+| `mn_graph_coarsen`, `mn_graph_collapse_weighted_edge` | graph/mn_graph_*.js | multi-level coarsening | contract a graph |
+| `Metis`, `metis_partition_kway`, `metis_cluster_bs`, `cluster_mesh_metis` | graph/metis/*.js | k-way graph partitioning | partition a mesh/graph into balanced clusters |
+| `convert_graph_to_dot_string`, `graphviz_escape_string` | graph/*.js, graph/format/graphviz/*.js | Graphviz export | dump a graph for visualization |
+| `layoutCircleGraph`, `resolveCircleOverlaps`, `applyCircleForces` | graph/layout/CircleLayout.js | force-directed circle layout | lay out nodes without overlap |
+| `resolveAABB2Overlap`, `forceIntoBox`, `aabb2_force_into_container`, `pullBoxTowardsPoint`, `position_box_next_to_box` | graph/layout/box/*.js | box layout / de-overlap | push rectangles apart / keep in bounds |
+
+## 2D geometry — core/geom/2d/
+
+| Symbol | File | What it does (short) | Likely-duplicated concept |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| `aabb2_from_v2_buffer` (alias `_from_v2_array`) | geom/2d/aabb/aabb2_from_v2_buffer.js | bounds of a 2D point list | compute AABB of points |
+| `aabb2_union_array` (alias `aabb2_array_combine`) | geom/2d/aabb/aabb2_union_array.js | merge boxes | union of bounding boxes |
+| `aabb2_intersects_aabb2` (alias `aabb2_overlap_exists`) | geom/2d/aabb/*.js | box overlap test | do two rectangles overlap |
+| `aabb2_contains(_point)` | geom/2d/aabb/*.js | containment tests | is a point inside a rectangle |
+| `aabb2_compute_intersection` (alias `_compute_overlap`) | geom/2d/aabb/*.js | intersection rectangle | clip two rectangles |
+| `aabb2_area` | geom/2d/aabb/aabb2_area.js | rectangle area | width*height |
+| `aabb2_distance_to_point(_sqr)`, `aabb2_signed_distance_to_point(_sqr)` | geom/2d/aabb/*.js | point-to-box distance | distance from a point to a rectangle |
+| `aabb2_intersects_circle` / `aabb2_intersects_ray` | geom/2d/aabb/*.js | box vs circle / ray | rect–circle, rect–ray tests |
+| `aabb2_clip_line_cohen_sutherland` | geom/2d/aabb/aabb2_clip_line_cohen_sutherland.js | line clipping | clip a segment to a rectangle |
+| `aabb2_center_from_aabb2_buffer` | geom/2d/aabb/*.js | centroid of boxes | average box centers |
+| `circle_contains_point` (alias `circle_intersects_point`) | geom/2d/circle/*.js | point in circle | is point within radius |
+| `circle_intersects_circle` | geom/2d/circle/circle_intersects_circle.js | circle overlap | do two circles overlap |
+| `circle_compute_intersection` / `circle_compute_penetration` | geom/2d/circle/*.js | intersection points / overlap depth | circle–circle resolution |
+| `circle_area`, `circle_circumference` | geom/2d/circle/*.js | circle measures | πr², 2πr |
+| `tri2_signed_area` (alias `triangle2d_compute_area`) | geom/2d/triangle/tri2_signed_area.js | signed area / orientation | triangle winding & area (NOTE: negative for CCW) |
+| `tri2_contains_point` | geom/2d/triangle/tri2_contains_point.js | point in triangle | point-in-triangle test |
+| `tri2_compute_barycentric` | geom/2d/triangle/tri2_compute_barycentric.js | barycentric coordinates | interpolate across a triangle |
+| `tri2_rasterize_conservative` | geom/2d/triangle/tri2_rasterize_conservative.js | conservative rasterization | mark all cells a triangle touches |
+| `polygon2_signed_area` (alias `compute_polygon_area_2d`) | geom/2d/polygon/polygon2_signed_area.js | shoelace area | area of a polygon |
+| `polygon2_is_counter_clockwise` | geom/2d/polygon/polygon2_is_counter_clockwise.js | winding test | polygon orientation |
+| `polygon2_triangulate` | geom/2d/polygon/polygon2_triangulate.js | ear-clipping with contour_ends (holes) | triangulate a polygon |
+| `polygon2_clip_halfplane`, `polygon2_clip_axis_halfplane` | geom/2d/polygon/*.js | Sutherland–Hodgman clip | clip a polygon by a line |
+| `orient2d_indexed` (alias `orientation3_array`) | geom/2d/convex-hull/orient2d_indexed.js | exact 2D orientation predicate | which side of a line is a point on |
+| `convex_hull_monotone_2d` / `convex_hull_jarvis_2d` | geom/2d/convex-hull/*.js | convex hull | compute a 2D convex hull |
+| `convex_hull_fixed_count_2d_bruteforce` / `_relaxation` | geom/2d/convex-hull/*.js | k-gon approximation of hull | fit an N-sided bounding polygon |
+| `min_area_rect_2d` | geom/2d/oriented-box/min_area_rect_2d.js | minimum-area oriented rect | best-fit rotated bounding box |
+| `segment2_intersects_segment2_2d` | geom/2d/line/*.js | segment overlap test | do two segments cross |
+| `segment2_segment_compute_intersection_*` (array / v2 / objects variants) | geom/2d/line/*.js | intersection point | where two segments cross |
+| `line2_segment_intersection_fraction_2d` | geom/2d/line/*.js | intersection parameter t | how far along the segment |
+| `line2_compute_segment_point_distance_sqr` | geom/2d/line/*.js | point–segment distance | distance from a point to a segment |
+| `ray2_ray2_compute_intersection_array_2d` (alias `intersect_ray_2d`) | geom/2d/line/*.js | ray–ray intersection | intersect two 2D rays |
+| `v2_morton_encode` | geom/2d/v2_morton_encode.js | 2D morton code | z-order key for a grid cell |
+| `uv_map_square_to_circle` / `_circle_to_square` | geom/2d/*.js | shape-preserving disc mapping | map a square sample to a disc |
+| `QuadTree` (binary) / `QuadTreeNode` + `qt_*` queries | geom/2d/quad-tree*/... | quadtree with box/circle/point/raycast queries | spatial index for 2D |
+| `SpatialHashGrid` + `shg_query_elements_circle/_line` | geom/2d/hash-grid/*.js | uniform spatial hash grid | bucket objects into grid cells |
+| `BVH2D` + `bvh2d_query_all_data_by_circle` | geom/2d/bvh/*.js | 2D dynamic BVH | 2D broadphase |
+| `StaticR2Tree` | geom/2d/r-tree/StaticR2Tree.js | packed R-tree | static 2D spatial index |
+| `Skyline` | geom/2d/packing/skyline.js | skyline rect packer | pack rectangles into a bin |
+| `pack_max_rectangles`, `pack_one_box`, `MaxRectanglesPacker` | geom/packing/max-rect/*.js | MaxRects bin packing | atlas / rectangle packing |
+| `remove_redundant_boxes(_from_array)` | geom/packing/max-rect/*.js | drop contained free rects | prune contained rectangles |
+| `Miniball`, `sphere_compute_bounding_of_spheres` | geom/packing/miniball/*, geom/packing/*.js | minimum enclosing ball (n-d) | smallest enclosing sphere of points/spheres |
+
+## 3D geometry — core/geom/3d/
+
+| Symbol | File | What it does (short) | Likely-duplicated concept |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| `AABB3` | geom/3d/aabb/AABB3.js | 3D box value object | bounding box class |
+| `aabb3_from_v3_array` (+`_transformed`) | geom/3d/aabb/*.js | bounds of a point buffer | compute AABB of points |
+| `aabb_nd_from_points` (alias `compute_aabb_from_points`) | geom/3d/aabb/aabb_nd_from_points.js | n-dimensional bounds | bounding box in arbitrary dimensions |
+| `aabb3_array_combine` | geom/3d/aabb/aabb3_array_combine.js | merge boxes | union of AABBs |
+| `aabb3_intersects_aabb3` | geom/3d/aabb/aabb3_intersects_aabb3.js | box overlap | AABB overlap test |
+| `aabb3_array_intersects_point/_sphere/_ray` | geom/3d/aabb/*.js | box vs primitive | AABB containment / intersection |
+| `aabb3_intersects_ray`, `aabb3_raycast_hit_point` | geom/3d/aabb/*.js | slab test / hit point | ray–box intersection |
+| `aabb3_intersects_segment3`, `aabb3_ray_segment_entry_distance` | geom/3d/aabb/*.js | segment vs box | bounded ray vs box |
+| `aabb3_closest_point_on_surface` | geom/3d/aabb/aabb3_closest_point_on_surface.js | nearest surface point | project a point onto a box |
+| `aabb3_signed_distance_sqr_to_point`, `_unsigned_`, `aabb3_signed_distance_to_aabb3` | geom/3d/aabb/*.js | distances | distance from point/box to a box |
+| `aabb3_surface_area`, `aabb3_half_surface_area(_extents)`, `aabb3_union_half_surface_area` | geom/3d/aabb/*.js | SAH area measures | surface area heuristic cost |
+| `aabb3_score_boxes_SAH_delta` | geom/3d/aabb/aabb3_score_boxes_SAH_delta.js | SAH merge cost delta | BVH split cost |
+| `aabb3_classify_against_frustum(_array)` | geom/3d/aabb/*.js | inside/outside/intersect | frustum culling of a box |
+| `aabb3_compute_plane_side`, `aabb3_compute_distance_above_plane_min/_max` | geom/3d/aabb/*.js | box vs plane | which side of a plane is a box |
+| `aabb3_matrix4_project(_by_corners)`, `aabb3_transform_oriented(_inverse)` | geom/3d/aabb/*.js | transform a box | AABB of a transformed box |
+| `aabb3_build_corners`, `aabb3_corner_edge_mapping`/`edge_corner`/`edge_plane` | geom/3d/aabb/*.js | corner/edge topology tables | enumerate box corners and edges |
+| `aabb3_projected_area`, `aabb3_estimate_projected_area` | geom/3d/aabb/*.js | screen-space area | how big is a box on screen |
+| `aabb3_expand_array` | geom/3d/aabb/aabb3_expand_array.js | grow by a margin | pad a bounding box |
+| `aabb3_emit_point_grid` (alias `make_justified_point_grid`) | geom/3d/util/aabb3_emit_point_grid.js | iterate lattice points in a box | generate a regular 3D grid of points |
+| `serializeAABB3(Quantized16Uint/Encoded_v0)` + deserializers | geom/3d/aabb/*.js | compact box encoding | quantize a bounding box |
+| `sphere_contains_point` (alias `sphere_intersects_point`) | geom/3d/sphere/*.js | point in sphere | is point within radius |
+| `sphere_intersects_ray`, `sphere_raycast` | geom/3d/sphere/*.js | ray–sphere | ray–sphere intersection |
+| `sphere_compute_bounding_of_2_spheres` | geom/3d/sphere/*.js | merge two spheres | union bounding sphere |
+| `sphere_matrix4_transform` (alias `sphere_matrix4_project`) | geom/3d/sphere/*.js | transform a sphere | apply a matrix to a bounding sphere |
+| `sphere_projected_radius_sqr`, `sphere_project` | geom/3d/sphere/*.js | screen-space radius | LOD / screen size of a sphere |
+| `sphere_radius_sqr_from_v3_buffer_transformed` | geom/3d/sphere/*.js | bounding radius of points | compute a bounding sphere radius |
+| `in_sphere3d_fast` / `in_sphere3d_robust` | geom/3d/sphere/*.js | insphere predicate | Delaunay circumsphere test |
+| `sphere_spherical_from_cartesian` | geom/3d/sphere/*.js | cartesian→spherical | direction to theta/phi |
+| `plane3_normalize`, `plane3_project_point`, `plane3_lerp`, `plane3_slerp` | geom/3d/plane/*.js | plane algebra | normalize / project onto a plane |
+| `plane3_compute_ray_intersection`, `plane3_compute_line_segment_intersection` | geom/3d/plane/*.js | plane hit | ray–plane intersection |
+| `plane3_compute_intersection`, `plane3_compute_3_plane_intersection` | geom/3d/plane/*.js | plane–plane line / 3-plane point | intersect planes |
+| `plane3_contains_point_within_set` (alias `is_point_within_planes`) | geom/3d/plane/*.js | point inside half-space set | point inside a convex volume |
+| `plane3_matrix4_project` | geom/3d/plane/plane3_matrix4_project.js | transform a plane | apply a matrix to a plane |
+| `orient3d_fast` / `orient3d_robust` | geom/3d/plane/*.js | 3D orientation predicate | which side of a triangle plane |
+| `Ray3` | geom/3d/ray/Ray3.js | ray value type (Float32Array) | origin+direction pair |
+| `ray3_compute_closest_point`, `ray3_compute_point_projection_t` | geom/3d/ray/*.js | nearest point / t on ray | project a point onto a ray |
+| `ray3_array_apply_matrix4`, `ray3_shift_origin_along_direction` | geom/3d/ray/*.js | transform / offset a ray | move a ray origin along its direction |
+| `line3_compute_segment_closest_point(_t)` | geom/3d/line/*.js | closest point on a segment | project a point onto a segment |
+| `line3_compute_segment_point_distance(_sqr)` | geom/3d/line/*.js | point–segment distance | distance from a point to a segment |
+| `line3_compute_segment_segment_closest_points` | geom/3d/line/*.js | closest pair between segments | segment–segment distance |
+| `segment3_point_distance_to_segments` | geom/3d/line/*.js | min distance to a polyline | distance from a point to a path |
+| `tri3_area` | geom/3d/triangle/tri3_area.js | triangle area | area of a 3D triangle |
+| `tri3_compute_normal(_v3_objects)` | geom/3d/triangle/*.js | face normal | compute a triangle normal |
+| `tri3_ray_intersection(_barycentric/_indexed/_v3_objects)` | geom/3d/triangle/*.js | Möller–Trumbore | ray–triangle intersection |
+| `tri3_closest_point_barycentric` | geom/3d/triangle/tri3_closest_point_barycentric.js | nearest point on triangle | closest point on a triangle |
+| `tri3_compute_signed_volume`, `tri3_mesh_compute_signed_volume` | geom/3d/triangle/*.js | signed tetra volume sum | volume of a closed mesh |
+| `tri3_compute_plane_side`, `tri3_intersects_clipping_volume` | geom/3d/triangle/*.js | triangle vs plane / volume | clip/cull a triangle |
+| `tri3_incenter` | geom/3d/triangle/tri3_incenter.js | incenter | interior point of a triangle |
+| `aabb3_compute_from_triangle` | geom/3d/triangle/aabb3_compute_from_triangle.js | triangle bounds | AABB of a triangle |
+| `frustum_from_projection_matrix_array` | geom/3d/frustum/*.js | extract 6 planes from a matrix | build frustum planes |
+| `frustum_compute_corners`, `frustum_compute_center`, `read_frustum_corner` | geom/3d/frustum/*.js | frustum geometry | corners of a view frustum |
+| `frustum_slice`, `frustum3_slice_linear_to_points` | geom/3d/frustum/*.js | split frustum by depth | cascaded shadow map splits |
+| `frustum3_from_aabb` (alias `hexahedron_from_aabb`) | geom/3d/frustum/*.js | box as a plane set | convert an AABB to planes |
+| `frustum3_compute_closest_point` | geom/3d/frustum/*.js | nearest point in frustum | clamp a point into a convex volume |
+| `frustum3_matrix4_project(_n)` | geom/3d/frustum/*.js | transform a plane set | transform a clipping volume |
+| `cone_compute_bounding_box`, `cone_compute_plane_side`, `cone_compute_bounding_of_2_cones` | geom/3d/cone/*.js | normal-cone ops | merge/cull normal cones (backface culling) |
+| `capsule_intersects_aabb3_closed` / `_iterative` | geom/3d/capsule/*.js | capsule vs box | capsule–AABB overlap |
+| `capsule_raycast`, `box3_raycast` | geom/3d/capsule/, geom/3d/box/*.js | shape raycasts | ray against a capsule/OBB |
+| `box3_projected_half_extent` | geom/3d/box/box3_projected_half_extent.js | SAT projection radius | box extent along an axis |
+| `circle3_compute_bounding_box` | geom/3d/circle3_compute_bounding_box.js | bounds of a 3D disc | AABB of an oriented circle |
+| `v3_morton_encode_lut` / `_magicbits` / `_normalized` / `_bounded` / `_transformed` | geom/3d/morton/*.js | 3D morton codes | z-order key for spatial sort |
+| `encode_unit_to_octahedron` / `decode_octahedron_to_unit` | geom/3d/normal/octahedron/*.js | octahedral normal encoding | pack a normal into 2 floats |
+| `encode_unit_to_hemioct`, `_to_azimuth`, `_to_spheremap` (+ decoders) | geom/3d/normal/*/*.js | alternative normal encodings | compress a direction vector |
+| `octahedral_direction_to_uv` / `_uv_to_direction` / `_uv_wrap` / `_uv_crease_distance` | geom/3d/octahedra/*.js | octahedral map addressing | direction↔UV for probe maps |
+| `equirectangular_direction_to_uv` / `_uv_to_direction` | geom/3d/equirectangular/*.js | lat-long mapping | direction↔UV for an equirect texture |
+| `sh3_basis_at`, `sh_index`, `sh_normalization_factor`, `SH3_COEFFICIENTS` | geom/3d/sphere/harmonics/*.js | SH basis evaluation | spherical harmonics basis |
+| `sh3_add`, `sh3_vector_accumulate`, `sh3_rotate`, `sh3_convolve_with_zh`/`_cosine_kernel`, `sh3_sample_by_direction`, `sh3_sample_irradiance_by_direction`, `sh3_dering_optimize_positive`, `sh3_ggx_zh` | geom/3d/sphere/harmonics/*.js | SH algebra & sampling | accumulate/rotate/evaluate SH lighting |
+| `gjk`, `gjk_epa_penetration`, `mpr`, `minkowski_support` | geom/3d/gjk/*.js | convex distance/penetration | convex–convex collision (use `gjk_epa_penetration`, not the old EPA) |
+| `AbstractShape3D` + `Box/Sphere/Capsule/Cylinder/ConvexHull/Mesh/Point/Triangle3D/Union/Transformed/Posed` `Shape3D` | geom/3d/shape/*.js | SDF/support-function shape hierarchy | analytic shape with distance+support |
+| `shape3_voxelize_to_grid` | geom/3d/shape/util/shape3_voxelize_to_grid.js | rasterize a shape into a grid | voxelize a collider |
+| `compute_signed_distance_gradient_by_sampling` | geom/3d/shape/util/*.js | numeric SDF gradient | finite-difference normal of an SDF |
+| `shape_to_json` / `shape_from_json` | geom/3d/shape/json/*.js | shape serialization | persist a collision shape |
+| `funnel_string_pull` | geom/3d/funnel_string_pull.js | simple stupid funnel | smooth a corridor path into a straight line |
+| `SurfacePoint3` | geom/3d/SurfacePoint3.js | point + normal record | hit record |
+| `polygon3_compute_normal`, `polygon3_triangulate` | geom/3d/polygon/*.js | 3D polygon normal & triangulation | triangulate a planar 3D polygon |
+
+## Meshes & topology — core/geom/3d/topology/
+
+| Symbol | File | What it does (short) | Likely-duplicated concept |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| `BinaryTopology` (+`NULL_POINTER`) | topology/struct/binary/BinaryTopology.js | typed-array half-edge (BMesh-style) mesh | editable mesh connectivity |
+| `bt_mesh_from_indexed_geometry` / `_from_unindexed_geometry` | topology/struct/binary/io/*.js | build topology from buffers | index buffer → connectivity |
+| `bt_mesh_validate` (+`BT_DEFECT`, `BT_ELEMENT_TYPE`), `bt_mesh_assert_valid` | topology/struct/binary/query/bt_mesh_validate.js | invariant checker | verify mesh connectivity |
+| `bt_mesh_is_manifold`, `bt_mesh_is_closed` | topology/struct/binary/query/*.js | manifold/watertight tests | is this mesh closed |
+| `bt_edge_is_boundary`, `bt_edge_other_vertex`, `bt_edge_has_vertex`, `bt_edge_get` | topology/struct/binary/query/*.js | edge queries | walk edges of a mesh |
+| `bt_face_get_centroid`, `bt_face_get_incenter`, `bt_face_is_degenerate` | topology/struct/binary/query/*.js | face measures | centroid of a polygon face |
+| `bt_face_get_edge_adjacent_faces` (alias `_neighbour_faces`), `_vertex_adjacent_faces` | topology/struct/binary/query/*.js | face adjacency | iterate neighbouring faces |
+| `bt_face_island_flood_fill`, `bt_mesh_compute_face_islands` | topology/struct/binary/query/*.js | connected face regions | flood fill / find mesh islands |
+| `bt_mesh_walk_boundary_loops`, `bt_collect_boundary_segments` | topology/struct/binary/query/*.js | boundary loop extraction | find the outline of a mesh |
+| `bt_mesh_build_boundary_distance_field` / `_euclidean_` / `bt_mesh_compute_edge_distance_eikonal` | topology/struct/binary/query/*.js | geodesic distance fields | distance-from-border over a mesh |
+| `bt_mesh_face_find_path` / `_polyanya` | topology/struct/binary/query/*.js | pathfinding across faces | navmesh path search |
+| `bt_mesh_find_nearest_face`, `bt_mesh_build_face_bvh` | topology/struct/binary/query/*.js | spatial lookup | nearest face / mesh BVH |
+| `bt_mesh_segment_penetrates_surface` | topology/struct/binary/query/*.js | segment vs mesh | line-of-sight through geometry |
+| `bt_mesh_sample_interior_grid_points` | topology/struct/binary/query/*.js | interior point sampling | sample points inside a closed mesh |
+| `bt_vertex_distance_to_vertex` / `_to_edge` | topology/struct/binary/query/*.js | metric queries | distance between mesh elements |
+| `bt_edge_collapse`, `bt_edge_split`, `bt_edge_create`, `bt_edge_get_or_create`, `bt_edge_kill` | topology/struct/binary/io/edge/*.js | Euler operators on edges | collapse / split a mesh edge |
+| `bt_face_poke`, `bt_face_triangulate`, `bt_face_kill` | topology/struct/binary/io/face/*.js | Euler operators on faces | subdivide / triangulate a face |
+| `bt_vertex_kill`, `bt_vertex_replace`, `bt_merge_vertices_by_distance` | topology/struct/binary/io/vertex/*.js | vertex ops | weld vertices within a tolerance |
+| `bt_mesh_triangulate` | topology/struct/binary/io/bt_mesh_triangulate.js | triangulate all faces | convert n-gons to triangles |
+| `bt_mesh_simplify` / `bt_mesh_simplify_by_error` | topology/struct/binary/io/*.js | QEM decimation (error-bounded) | reduce triangle count |
+| `bt_mesh_compute_vertex_quadrics`, `bt_mesh_compute_face_normals` | topology/struct/binary/io/*.js | per-element attributes | compute face normals / QEM quadrics |
+| `bt_mesh_close_boundary_holes`, `bt_mesh_fill_small_holes`, `bt_mesh_bridge_islands` | topology/struct/binary/io/*.js | hole repair | close holes in a mesh |
+| `bt_mesh_resolve_t_junctions`, `bt_mesh_kill_short_edges`, `bt_mesh_fuse_duplicate_edges` | topology/struct/binary/io/*.js | mesh cleanup | fix T-junctions / degenerate edges |
+| `bt_mesh_compact`, `bt_mesh_cleanup_faceless_references` | topology/struct/binary/io/*.js | garbage collection | compact a mesh after deletions |
+| `bt_mesh_face_island_erode`, `bt_mesh_face_decouple(_islands)` | topology/struct/binary/io/*.js | region erosion / split | shrink or split a face region |
+| `bt_loop_uv_init` / `bt_loop_write_uv` / `bt_loop_read_uv` | topology/../atlas? (geom/3d/atlas/io/bt_loop_uv.js) | per-loop UV storage | store UVs per corner, not per vertex |
+| `BinaryElementPool` | topology/struct/binary/BinaryElementPool.js | free-list over typed arrays | slot allocator with recycling |
+| `TopoMesh`, `TopoVertex`, `TopoEdge`, `TopoTriangle` | topology/struct/*.js | object-graph half-edge mesh (older) | mesh connectivity, object flavour |
+| `tm_*` family (`tm_edge_kill`, `tm_vertex_splice`, `tm_face_normal`, `tm_face_area`, `tm_weld_duplicate_vertices`, `tm_mesh_cleanup`, …) | topology/*.js, topology/util/*.js | TopoMesh operators | same ops as `bt_*` but on `TopoMesh` |
+| `simplifyTopoMesh`, `simplifyTopoMesh2`, `decimate_edge_collapse_snap` | topology/simplify/*.js | mesh decimation | reduce mesh detail |
+| `Quadric3`, `build_vertex_quadrics`, `compute_edge_collapse_cost_quadric` | topology/simplify/quadratic/*.js | QEM error quadrics | quadric error metric |
+| `compute_topo_mesh_bounding_box` / `_bounding_sphere` | topology/bounds/*.js | mesh bounds | bounding volume of a mesh |
+| `compute_triangle_cluster_normal_bounding_cone` | topology/bounds/*.js | normal cone of a cluster | backface-cull a triangle cluster |
+| `mesh_flood_fill` | topology/util/mesh_flood_fill.js | region growing over faces | flood fill a mesh region |
+| `build_face_graph_from_mesh` | topology/build_face_graph_from_mesh.js | dual graph of a mesh | face adjacency graph |
+| `three_buffer_geometry_to_topo_mesh` / `topo_mesh_to_three_buffer_geometry` | topology/three/*.js | three.js bridge | convert to/from BufferGeometry |
+| `TetrahedralMesh` + `tetrahedral_mesh_*` family | geom/3d/tetrahedra/*.js | tet mesh + Delaunay/flips/quality | volumetric meshing |
+| `tetrahedron_contains_point`, `tetrahedron_compute_signed_volume`, `tetrahedron_compute_circumsphere` | geom/3d/tetrahedra/*.js | tet predicates | point-in-tetrahedron test |
+| `atlas_generate`, `atlas_compute_charts`, `atlas_pack_charts`, `atlas_write_chart_uvs` | geom/3d/atlas/*.js | full UV atlas pipeline | generate lightmap/UV2 charts |
+| `atlas_chart_parameterize_lscm` / `_bff` / `_ortho` | geom/3d/atlas/param/*.js | chart flattening | UV unwrap a surface patch |
+| `atlas_mesh_weld_colocals` | geom/3d/atlas/io/*.js | positional welding | merge coincident vertices |
+| `fit_plane_basis` | geom/3d/atlas/param/fit_plane_basis.js | least-squares plane basis | best-fit plane of points |
+
+## Acceleration structures — core/bvh2/, core/bvh8/
+
+| Symbol | File | What it does (short) | Likely-duplicated concept |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| `BVH` (+ column constants) | bvh2/bvh3/BVH.js | dynamic 3D BVH in typed arrays | broadphase / spatial index |
+| `ebvh_build_for_geometry_morton` / `_incremental` | bvh2/bvh3/*.js | BVH construction | build a BVH over triangles |
+| `ebvh_build_hierarchy(_radix)` | bvh2/bvh3/*.js | LBVH hierarchy from morton codes | radix-tree BVH build |
+| `ebvh_optimize_treelet`, `ebvh_nodes_sort_sah_local4` | bvh2/bvh3/*.js | topology refinement | improve BVH quality |
+| `ebvh_sort_for_traversal_depth_first`, `ebvh_update_hierarchy_bounds` | bvh2/bvh3/*.js | layout / refit | refit a BVH after motion |
+| `bvh_query_user_data_ray(_segment)`, `_nearest_to_point(_filtered)`, `_intersects_aabb/_sphere/_capsule/_frustum` | bvh2/bvh3/query/*.js | BVH queries (result-first arg order) | query objects in a region |
+| `bvh_query_leaves_generic`, `bvh_query_user_data_generic` | bvh2/bvh3/query/*.js | callback-driven traversal | custom BVH traversal |
+| `BVHQuery` + `And`/`Any`/`IntersectsAABB`/`Sphere`/`Ray`/`Frustum` | bvh2/bvh3/query/*.js | composable query objects | combine spatial predicates |
+| `ebvh_geometry_query_nearest_triangle_ray` / `_any_triangle_ray` | bvh2/bvh3/*.js | triangle raycast | closest hit / any hit |
+| `build_triangle_morton_codes` | bvh2/bvh3/build_triangle_morton_codes.js | morton keys for triangles | spatial sort of primitives |
+| `BinaryUint32BVH` + `bvh32_query_user_data_ray`/`_clipping_volume` | bvh2/binary/2/*.js | serialized static BVH | compact BVH for storage |
+| `BVH8` + `bvh8_build_for_geometry`, `bvh8_validate_structure`, `bvh8_quality` | bvh8/*.js | 8-wide compressed BVH | wide BVH for GPU traversal |
+| `compute_tight_near_far_clipping_planes` | bvh2/bvh3/query/*.js | depth range in a frustum | auto near/far plane fit |
+
+## Signals & events — core/events/
+
+| Symbol | File | What it does (short) | Likely-duplicated concept |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| `Signal` | events/signal/Signal.js | typed multicast event with `add/remove/send*` | event emitter / observer list |
+| `SignalBinding` | events/signal/SignalBinding.js | link/unlink a handler pair | managed subscription |
+| `SignalHandler` (+`SignalHandlerFlags`), `SignalFlags` | events/signal/*.js | handler node + once/priority flags | one-shot / prioritized listener |
+| `signal_filter` | events/signal/signal_filter.js | derived signal by predicate | filter an event stream |
+| `signal_aggregate_by_time_window` | events/signal/signal_aggregate_by_time_window.js | debounce/batch by time | debounce or throttle events |
+| `signal_handler_list_find`/`_last`/`_validate`, `findSignalHandlerIndexByHandle(AndContext)` | events/signal/*.js | handler list utilities | find a listener by function+context |
+| `dispatchViaProxy` | events/signal/dispatchViaProxy.js | dispatch with a copy of handlers | safe iteration while mutating listeners |
+
+## Functions & object utilities — core/function/, core/model/object/, core/json/
+
+| Symbol | File | What it does (short) | Likely-duplicated concept |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| `noop` | function/noop.js | do nothing | empty callback `() => {}` |
+| `passThrough` | function/passThrough.js | identity | identity function `x => x` |
+| `returnTrue`/`returnFalse`/`returnZero`/`returnOne`/`returnEmptyArray` | function/*.js | constant functions | inline `() => true` default |
+| `makeReturnValue` | function/makeReturnValue.js | constant-function factory | closure returning a fixed value |
+| `strictEquals` | function/strictEquals.js | `a === b` as a function | default equality comparator |
+| `objectsEqual` | function/objectsEqual.js | equality via `.equals()` fallback | polymorphic equality |
+| `objectDeepEquals` | model/object/objectDeepEquals.js | recursive structural equality | deep equal two objects |
+| `object_deep_clone` | model/object/object_deep_clone.js | recursive clone | deep clone an object |
+| `objectShallowCopyByOwnKeys` | model/object/objectShallowCopyByOwnKeys.js | own-key shallow copy | shallow clone / spread |
+| `invokeObjectClone`/`invokeObjectCompare`/`invokeObjectEquals`/`invokeObjectToJSON` | model/object/invokeObject*.js | polymorphic method dispatch | call `.clone()`/`.equals()` if present |
+| `compareValues`, `compareObjectsByNumericId` | model/object/*.js | generic comparators | sort mixed values / by id |
+| `objectKeyByValue` | model/object/objectKeyByValue.js | reverse lookup in an object | find the enum key for a value |
+| `read_property` / `write_property` | model/object/*.js | path-based get/set | read `a.b.c` from a path array |
+| `resolvePath` / `resolvePathByArray` | json/*.js | JSON path resolution | look up a nested property by string path |
+| `objectHasProperty` | json/objectHasProperty.js | own-property test | `hasOwnProperty` wrapper |
+| `abstractJSONSerializer` / `abstractJSONDeserializer` | json/*.js | class-registry JSON round-trip | serialize a polymorphic object graph |
+| `chain` | function/chain.js | run processes in sequence | compose functions/steps |
+| `makeSequenceLoop` | function/makeSequenceLoop.js | cycling sequence iterator | loop through values repeatedly |
+| `frameThrottle` | function/frameThrottle.js | coalesce calls into one rAF | throttle to once per frame |
+| `extractFunctionBody`, `FunctionCompiler` | function/*.js | source→runtime function | codegen / compile an expression |
+| `codeToBlob` / `codeToURL` | codegen/*.js | source → blob URL | create a worker from a source string |
+| `LineBuilder` | codegen/LineBuilder.js | indented text builder | build generated source line-by-line |
+| `and`/`or`/`not`/`isEqualTo`/`isGreaterThan`/`isLessThan`/`isDefined`/`isNull`/`isInstanceOf`/`isTypeOf` | process/matcher/*.js | composable predicates | build a predicate expression |
+| `MutableFilter`, `MutableFilterCollection` | process/filter/*.js | reactive predicate set | live filter with change notification |
+| `Matcher`/`BaseMatcher` + `allOf`/`anyOf`/`not`/`equalTo`/`isIn`/`hasItem`/`anything` | debug/*.js, debug/matchers/*.js | Hamcrest-style matchers | expressive assertion matchers |
+| `assert.*` | assert.js | assertion helpers (stripped in prod builds) | runtime precondition checks (free in prod) |
+
+## Caches — core/cache/
+
+| Symbol | File | What it does (short) | Likely-duplicated concept |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| `Cache` / `CacheV2` | cache/Cache.js, CacheV2.js | keyed cache with eviction | LRU cache |
+| `CacheWTinylfu` (+`CacheRegionWTinylfu`, `CacheElementWTinylfu`) | cache/wtinylfu/*.js | W-TinyLFU admission cache | high-hit-rate cache with frequency admission |
+| `FrequencySketch` | cache/FrequencySketch.js | count-min frequency sketch | approximate access-frequency counter |
+| `LoadingCache` | cache/LoadingCache.js | compute-on-miss cache | memoize an expensive loader |
+| `CacheElement` | cache/CacheElement.js | cache entry node | LRU list node |
+| `AbstractCachingParser` | lang/reactive/AbstractCachingParser.js | memoized parse | cache parsed expressions by source |
+
+## Processes, tasks, time — core/process/, core/time/
+
+| Symbol | File | What it does (short) | Likely-duplicated concept |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| `Task` + `TaskSignal` | process/task/*.js | cooperative incremental task | time-sliced work / yielding loop |
+| `actionTask`/`countTask`/`delayTask`/`emptyTask`/`failingTask`/`futureTask`/`promiseTask`/`iteratorTask`/`ignoreFailureTask` | process/task/util/*.js | task constructors | wrap a callback or promise as a task |
+| `task_tree_compute_leaf_tasks` | process/task/util/*.js | flatten a task tree | enumerate leaf work items |
+| `RemainingTimeEstimator` | process/task/RemainingTimeEstimator.js | ETA from progress | estimate time remaining |
+| `BaseProcess`, `CompositeProcess`, `ProcessState` | process/*.js | lifecycle-managed process | start/stop component with state |
+| `SimpleLifecycle` (+`SimpleLifecycleStateType`) | process/SimpleLifecycle.js | start/stop state machine | lifecycle guard |
+| `Future` (+`FutureStates`) | process/Future.js | lazily-resolved value | deferred / promise-like |
+| `PromiseWatcher`, `buildPromiseChain` | process/*.js | promise sequencing/observation | run promises in series |
+| `delay` | process/delay.js | promise that resolves after ms | `setTimeout` as a promise |
+| `WatchDog` | process/WatchDog.js | timeout guard | detect a stuck operation |
+| `AsynchronousAction`, `AsynchronousActionSequence`, `SynchronousAction`, `PromiseAsynchronousAction` | process/action/*.js | uniform action wrappers | run sync/async steps uniformly |
+| `Action`, `ActionGroup`, `ActionProcessor`, `Mark` | process/undo/*.js | undo/redo command stack | undoable operations |
+| `OnDemandWorkerManager`, `WorkerProxy`/`WorkerStatus`, `extractTransferables` | process/worker/*.js | web worker pooling & transfer | run work off the main thread |
+| `ConcurrentExecutorProfiler`, `Profile`, `TraceEvent` | process/executor/profile/*.js | trace-event profiling | measure where time went |
+| `current_time_in_seconds` | time/current_time_in_seconds.js | monotonic seconds | `performance.now()/1000` |
+
+## Colour — core/color/
+
+| Symbol | File | What it does (short) | Likely-duplicated concept |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| `Color` | color/Color.js | observable RGB colour | colour value type |
+| `hex2rgb` / `rgb2hex` | color/hex/*.js | hex string ↔ rgb | parse a `#rrggbb` string |
+| `parse_color` | color/parse_color.js | parse many colour notations | parse a CSS-ish colour string |
+| `int2rgb`, `rgb2uint24`, `rgb2uint32` | color/*.js | packed int ↔ rgb | pack a colour into an int |
+| `rgb2hsv` / `hsv2rgb` / `hsv2rgb_float` | color/hsv/*.js | HSV conversion | RGB↔HSV |
+| `sRGB_to_linear` / `linear_to_sRGB` (+ per-channel) | color/sRGB/*.js | gamma transfer functions | gamma-correct a colour |
+| `rgb_to_xyz` / `xyz_to_rgb` | color/xyz/*.js | CIE XYZ conversion | RGB↔XYZ |
+| `linear_srgb_to_oklab` / `oklab_to_linear_srgb`, `xyz_to_oklab`, `oklab_to_xyz` | color/oklab/*.js | OkLab conversion | perceptual colour space |
+| `linear_srgb_to_okhsv` / `okhsv_to_linear_srgb`, `find_cusp`, `find_gamut_intersection`, `compute_max_saturation`, `toe`/`toe_inv` | color/oklab/*.js | OkHSV + gamut mapping | clamp a colour into gamut |
+| `color_lerp` | color/operations/color_lerp.js | blend two colours | interpolate colours |
+| `color_lighten`/`_darken`/`_saturate`/`_desaturate` | color/operations/*.js | tonal adjustments | lighten/darken a colour |
+| `rgb_to_luminance` | color/rgb_to_luminance.js | luma from rgb | perceived brightness |
+| `rgb_to_rgbe9995` / `rgbe9995_to_rgb` | color/*.js | shared-exponent HDR packing | pack HDR colour into 32 bits |
+| `rgb_to_ycocg` / `ycocg_to_rgb`, `rgb_to_YCbCr_uint24` / inverse | color/YCoCg/, color/YCbCr/*.js | luma-chroma transforms | YCoCg / YCbCr conversion |
+| `kelvin_to_rgb` / `rgb_to_kelvin` | color/kelvin/*.js | colour temperature | blackbody colour from Kelvin |
+| `tonemap_aces` | color/tonemap/tonemap_aces.js | ACES filmic tonemap | HDR→LDR tonemapping |
+| `D65_spd_analytical` / `_tabulated`, `planckian_radiance` | color/illuminant/*.js | illuminant spectra | spectral power distribution |
+| `xyz_cmf_wyman` / `xyz_cmf_tabulated`, `sRGB_cmf` | color/xyz/, color/sRGB/*.js | colour matching functions | wavelength → colour |
+
+## Paths & strings-as-paths — core/path/, core/parser/
+
+| Symbol | File | What it does (short) | Likely-duplicated concept |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| `computeFileExtension` | path/computeFileExtension.js | extension from a path | get the file extension |
+| `computeFileName` | path/computeFileName.js | file name with extension | basename of a path |
+| `computePathBase` | path/computePathBase.js | file name without extension | stem of a filename |
+| `computePathDirectory` | path/computePathDirectory.js | directory portion | dirname of a path |
+| `convertPathToURL`, `PATH_SEPARATOR` | path/*.js | path→URL, separator constant | join path segments |
+| `seedVariablesIntoTemplateString`, `STRING_TEMPLATE_VARIABLE_REGEX` | parser/*.js | `${var}` substitution | interpolate variables into a template |
+| `skipWhitespace`, `readIdentifierToken`, `readNumberToken`, `readStringToken`, `readBooleanToken`, `readHexToken`, `readArrayLiteral`, `readUnsignedIntegerToken`, `readReferenceToken` | parser/simple/*.js | cursor-based tokenizer primitives | hand-rolled parsing of a small syntax |
+| `computeDataTypeFromValue`, `DataType` | parser/simple/*.js | infer a value's type | runtime type tag from a value |
+
+## State machines & observables — core/fsm/, core/model/
+
+| Symbol | File | What it does (short) | Likely-duplicated concept |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| `SimpleStateMachine` + `SimpleStateMachineDescription` | fsm/simple/*.js | declarative FSM with transitions | state machine with allowed transitions |
+| `IllegalStateException` | fsm/exceptions/IllegalStateException.js | invalid-state error | throw on bad state transition |
+| `ObservedValue` | model/ObservedValue.js | value + change signal | observable property |
+| `ObservedBoolean` / `ObservedInteger` / `ObservedString` / `ObservedEnum` | model/Observed*.js | typed observables | reactive typed field |
+| `DebouncedObservedBoolean` | model/DebouncedObservedBoolean.js | debounced boolean | delay a flag flipping |
+| `BoundedValue` | model/BoundedValue.js | value with min/max (e.g. HP) | current/max stat pair |
+| `BooleanVector3` | model/BooleanVector3.js | three observable booleans | per-axis flags |
+| `ModuleRegistry` | model/ModuleRegistry.js | named module registry | plugin registry |
+| `validate_enum_schema` | model/validate_enum_schema.js | enum object validation | verify an enum is well-formed |
+| `compileReactiveExpression`, `validateReactiveExpression`, `parseReactiveExpression` | lang/reactive/*.js | reactive expression language | evaluate a user-written condition |
+| `ReactiveExpression` tree (`ReactiveAdd`, `ReactiveEquals`, `ReactiveAnd`, `ReactiveReference`, literals…) | model/reactive/model/**/*.js | expression AST nodes | build a condition/formula tree |
+| `ReactiveTrigger`, `BlackboardTrigger`, `MultiPredicateEvaluator` | model/reactive/trigger/, evaluation/*.js | fire when a condition becomes true | data-driven trigger |
+| `NodeGraph`, `NodeRegistry`, `NodeDescription`, `NodeInstance`, `Port`, `Connection`, `DataType` | model/node-graph/**/*.js | typed node graph model | visual scripting / DAG of nodes |
+| `graph_clone_by_node_subset`, `graph_collect_connections_amongst_nodes`, `convert_node_graph_to_dot_string` | model/node-graph/util/*.js | subgraph extraction & export | copy a selection of nodes |
+
+## Engine-level but clearly general — engine/
+
+| Symbol | File | What it does (short) | Likely-duplicated concept |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| `AnimationCurve` | engine/animation/curve/AnimationCurve.js | keyframed curve with tangents | easing / keyframe curve (reuse this, don't invent one) |
+| `animation_curve_compute_aabb`, `_nearest_point`, `_subdivide`, `_optimize`, `_fit` | engine/animation/curve/*.js | curve utilities | fit / simplify a keyframed curve |
+| `sample_animation_curve_to_float_array` | engine/animation/curve/compression/*.js | bake a curve to samples | flatten a curve into a table |
+| `downsample_float_array(_curve_by_error)` | engine/animation/curve/compression/*.js | error-bounded resampling | compress a sampled signal |
+| `AnimationTrack`, `AnimationClip`, `AnimationClipBinding` | engine/animation/clip/*.js | keyframe tracks & binding | animate object properties over time |
+| `hemisphere_align_quaternion_values` | engine/animation/clip/*.js | flip quats to nearest hemisphere | avoid long-way quaternion interpolation |
+| `TimeSeries`, `table_find_min_index_in_ordered_column` | engine/animation/async/*.js | time-ordered samples + binary search | find the keyframe for a time |
+| `Interpoland`, `Interpolated`, `InterpolationLog`, `InterpolationKind` | engine/interpolation/*.js | networked state interpolation | smooth a value toward a target |
+| `Sampler2D` | engine/graphics/texture/sampler/Sampler2D.js | typed 2D multi-channel raster with sampling | 2D grid / image buffer with bilinear sampling |
+| `sampler2d_scale(_down_linear/_down_lanczos/_down_mipmap/_up_linear/_generic)` | engine/graphics/texture/sampler/resize/*.js | resampling | resize an image/heightmap |
+| `sampler2d_blur_gaussian`, `sampler2d_scale_down_generic` | engine/graphics/texture/sampler/filter/*.js | filtered downsample/blur | blur a 2D grid |
+| `filter_lanczos3`, `mitchell`, `kaiser_1`, `triangle`, `box`, `cubic2`, `gaussian` | engine/graphics/texture/sampler/filter/*.js | reconstruction filter kernels | resampling filter weights |
+| `sampler2d_copy_rectangle`, `_sub_copy_same_item_size`, `_copy_with_margins`, `_copy_channel_data`, `_transfer_data` | engine/graphics/texture/sampler/*.js | blit operations | copy a sub-rectangle between images |
+| `sampler2d_channel_compute_min/_max/_min_indices`, `_channel_linear_transform`, `_combine`, `_multiply_vector` | engine/graphics/texture/sampler/*.js | per-channel analysis & math | find the min/max of an image channel |
+| `sampler2d_find_pixels`, `make_edge_condition_channel_threshold` | engine/graphics/texture/sampler/search/*.js | predicate pixel search | find pixels matching a condition |
+| `computeUnsignedDistanceField(_Chamfer)`, `computeSignedDistanceField_Chamfer/_NaiveFlood` | engine/graphics/texture/sampler/distance/*.js | 2D distance fields | distance-to-nearest-set-pixel |
+| `sampler2d_to_html_canvas`, `_to_data_url`, `_write_to_canvas_raw`, `canvasDataToSampler` | engine/graphics/texture/sampler/*.js | canvas bridge | render a grid into a canvas for debugging |
+| `SingleChannelSampler3D`, `scs3d_sample_linear(3)`, `scs3d_read_2d_slice` | engine/graphics/texture/3d/*.js | 3D scalar field with trilinear sampling | volumetric grid sampling |
+| `Logger`, `logger`, `LogLevel`, `ConsoleLoggerBackend`, `VoidLoggerBackend` | engine/logging/*.js | leveled logging with pluggable backends | `console.log` sprinkled in code |
+| `globalMetrics`, `MetricsGateway`, `MetricsCategory` | engine/metrics/*.js | analytics event gateway | record a metric/telemetry event |
+| `BinaryClassSerializationAdapter`, `BinarySerializationRegistry`, `BinaryClassUpgrader`, `executeBinaryClassUpgraderChain` | engine/ecs/storage/binary/*.js | versioned binary (de)serialization | write a class to a BinaryBuffer with migration |
+| `IndexedDBStorage`, `InMemoryStorage`, `StorageBackedSet` | engine/save/storage/*.js | persistence backends | store data in IndexedDB |
+| `ORTHOGONAL_NEIGHBOURHOOD_MASK` | engine/grid/ORTHOGONAL_NEIGHBOURHOOD_MASK.js | 4-neighbour offset table | iterate neighbours of a grid cell |
+| `Localization`, `LocalizationEngine`, `LocaleDataset` | core/localization/*.js | string table lookup (`getString`) | translate a UI string |
+| `obtainClipBoard`, `safeClipboardReadText`, `safeClipboardWriteText` | core/clipboard/*.js | permission-safe clipboard access | copy text to the clipboard |