@solidtv/renderer 1.0.0

package/src/core/CoreNode.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,2883 @@
+import {
+  assertTruthy,
+  getNewId,
+  premultiplyColorABGR,
+  USE_RTT,
+  ENABLE_AUTOSIZE,
+  EMIT_BOUNDS_EVENTS,
+} from '../utils.js';
+import type { TextureOptions } from './CoreTextureManager.js';
+import type { WebGlRenderer } from './renderers/webgl/WebGlRenderer.js';
+import type { WebGlCtxTexture } from './renderers/webgl/WebGlCtxTexture.js';
+import type { BufferCollection } from './renderers/webgl/internal/BufferCollection.js';
+import type { CoreRenderer } from './renderers/CoreRenderer.js';
+import type { Stage } from './Stage.js';
+import {
+  type Texture,
+  type TextureCoords,
+  type TextureFailedEventHandler,
+  type TextureFreedEventHandler,
+  type TextureLoadedEventHandler,
+} from './textures/Texture.js';
+import type {
+  Dimensions,
+  NodeTextureFailedPayload,
+  NodeTextureFreedPayload,
+  NodeTextureLoadedPayload,
+  NodeRenderablePayload,
+} from '../common/CommonTypes.js';
+import { EventEmitter } from '../common/EventEmitter.js';
+import {
+  copyRect,
+  intersectRect,
+  type Bound,
+  type RectWithValid,
+  createBound,
+  boundInsideBound,
+  boundLargeThanBound,
+  createPreloadBounds,
+} from './lib/utils.js';
+import { Matrix3d } from './lib/Matrix3d.js';
+import { RenderCoords } from './lib/RenderCoords.js';
+import type { AnimationSettings } from './animations/CoreAnimation.js';
+import type { AnimationConfig } from './animations/AnimationManager.js';
+import type { IAnimationController } from '../common/IAnimationController.js';
+import { createAnimation } from './animations/CoreAnimation.js';
+import type { CoreShaderNode } from './renderers/CoreShaderNode.js';
+import { AutosizeMode, Autosizer } from './Autosizer.js';
+import { removeChild } from './lib/collectionUtils.js';
+
+export enum CoreNodeRenderState {
+  Init = 0,
+  OutOfBounds = 2,
+  InBounds = 4,
+  InViewport = 8,
+}
+
+const NO_CLIPPING_RECT: RectWithValid = {
+  x: 0,
+  y: 0,
+  width: 0,
+  height: 0,
+  valid: false,
+};
+
+const CoreNodeRenderStateMap: Map<CoreNodeRenderState, string> = new Map();
+CoreNodeRenderStateMap.set(CoreNodeRenderState.Init, 'init');
+CoreNodeRenderStateMap.set(CoreNodeRenderState.OutOfBounds, 'outOfBounds');
+CoreNodeRenderStateMap.set(CoreNodeRenderState.InBounds, 'inBounds');
+CoreNodeRenderStateMap.set(CoreNodeRenderState.InViewport, 'inViewport');
+
+export enum UpdateType {
+  /**
+   * Child updates
+   */
+  Children = 1,
+
+  /**
+   * localTransform
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * CoreNode Properties Updated:
+   * - `localTransform`
+   */
+  Local = 2,
+
+  /**
+   * globalTransform
+   *
+   * * @remarks
+   * CoreNode Properties Updated:
+   * - `globalTransform`
+   * - `renderBounds`
+   * - `renderCoords`
+   */
+  Global = 4,
+
+  /**
+   * Clipping rect update
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * CoreNode Properties Updated:
+   * - `clippingRect`
+   */
+  Clipping = 8,
+
+  /**
+   * Sort Z-Index Children update
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * CoreNode Properties Updated:
+   * - `children` (sorts children by their `calcZIndex`)
+   */
+  SortZIndexChildren = 16,
+
+  /**
+   * Premultiplied Colors update
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * CoreNode Properties Updated:
+   * - `premultipliedColorTl`
+   * - `premultipliedColorTr`
+   * - `premultipliedColorBl`
+   * - `premultipliedColorBr`
+   */
+  PremultipliedColors = 32,
+
+  /**
+   * World Alpha update
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * CoreNode Properties Updated:
+   * - `worldAlpha` = `parent.worldAlpha` * `alpha`
+   */
+  WorldAlpha = 64,
+
+  /**
+   * Render State update
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * CoreNode Properties Updated:
+   * - `renderState`
+   */
+  RenderState = 128,
+
+  /**
+   * Is Renderable update
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * CoreNode Properties Updated:
+   * - `isRenderable`
+   */
+  IsRenderable = 256,
+
+  /**
+   * Render Texture update
+   */
+  RenderTexture = 512,
+
+  /**
+   * Track if parent has render texture
+   */
+  ParentRenderTexture = 1024,
+
+  /**
+   * Render Bounds update
+   */
+  RenderBounds = 2048,
+
+  /**
+   * RecalcUniforms
+   */
+  RecalcUniforms = 4096,
+
+  /**
+   * Autosize update
+   */
+  Autosize = 8192,
+  /**
+   * None
+   */
+  None = 0,
+
+  /**
+   * All
+   */
+  All = 16383,
+}
+
+/**
+ * A custom data map which can be stored on an CoreNode
+ *
+ * @remarks
+ * This is a map of key-value pairs that can be stored on an INode. It is used
+ * to store custom data that can be used by the application.
+ * The data stored can only be of type string, number or boolean.
+ */
+export type CustomDataMap = {
+  [key: string]: string | number | boolean | undefined;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Writable properties of a Node.
+ */
+export interface CoreNodeProps {
+  /**
+   * The x coordinate of the Node's Mount Point.
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * See {@link mountX} and {@link mountY} for more information about setting
+   * the Mount Point.
+   *
+   * @default `0`
+   */
+  x: number;
+  /**
+   * The y coordinate of the Node's Mount Point.
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * See {@link mountX} and {@link mountY} for more information about setting
+   * the Mount Point.
+   *
+   * @default `0`
+   */
+  y: number;
+  /**
+   * The width of the Node.
+   * @warning This will be deprecated in favor of `w` and `h` properties in the future.
+   *
+   * @default `0`
+   */
+  w: number;
+  /**
+   * The height of the Node.
+   * @warning This will be deprecated in favor of `w` and `h` properties in the future.
+   *
+   * @default `0`
+   */
+  h: number;
+  /**
+   * The alpha opacity of the Node.
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * The alpha value is a number between 0 and 1, where 0 is fully transparent
+   * and 1 is fully opaque.
+   *
+   * @default `1`
+   */
+  alpha: number;
+  /**
+   * Autosize
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * When enabled, the Node automatically resizes based on its content
+   *
+   * **Texture Autosize Mode:**
+   * - When the Node has a texture, it automatically resizes to match the
+   *   texture's dimensions when the texture loads
+   * - This ensures images display at their natural size without manual sizing
+   * - Text Nodes always use this mode regardless of this setting
+   *
+   * **Children Autosize Mode:**
+   * - When the Node has no texture but contains children, it automatically
+   *   resizes to encompass all children's bounds
+   * - Calculates the bounding box that contains all child positions, dimensions,
+   *   and transforms (scale, rotation, mount/pivot points)
+   * - Creates container behavior where the parent grows to fit its content
+   * - Updates dynamically as children are added, removed, or transformed
+   *
+   * **Mode Selection Logic:**
+   * - Texture mode takes precedence over children mode
+   * - Mode switches automatically when texture is added/removed
+   * - If no texture and no children, autosize has no effect
+   *
+   * **Performance:**
+   * - Children mode uses efficient transform caching and differential updates
+   * - Only recalculates when child transforms actually change
+   * - Minimal memory allocation with factory function patterns
+   *
+   *
+   * @default `false`
+   */
+  autosize: boolean;
+  /**
+   * Margin around the Node's bounds for preloading
+   *
+   * @default `null`
+   */
+  boundsMargin: number | [number, number, number, number] | null;
+  /**
+   * Clipping Mode
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * Enable Clipping Mode when you want to prevent the drawing of a Node and
+   * its descendants from overflowing outside of the Node's x/y/width/height
+   * bounds.
+   *
+   * For WebGL, clipping is implemented using the high-performance WebGL
+   * operation scissor. As a consequence, clipping does not work for
+   * non-rectangular areas. So, if the element is rotated
+   * (by itself or by any of its ancestors), clipping will not work as intended.
+   *
+   * TODO: Add support for non-rectangular clipping either automatically or
+   * via Render-To-Texture.
+   *
+   * @default `false`
+   */
+  clipping: boolean;
+  /**
+   * The color of the Node.
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * The color value is a number in the format 0xRRGGBBAA, where RR is the red
+   * component, GG is the green component, BB is the blue component, and AA is
+   * the alpha component.
+   *
+   * Gradient colors may be set by setting the different color sub-properties:
+   * {@link colorTop}, {@link colorBottom}, {@link colorLeft}, {@link colorRight},
+   * {@link colorTl}, {@link colorTr}, {@link colorBr}, {@link colorBl} accordingly.
+   *
+   * @default `0xffffffff` (opaque white)
+   */
+  color: number;
+  /**
+   * The color of the top edge of the Node for gradient rendering.
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * See {@link color} for more information about color values and gradient
+   * rendering.
+   */
+  colorTop: number;
+  /**
+   * The color of the bottom edge of the Node for gradient rendering.
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * See {@link color} for more information about color values and gradient
+   * rendering.
+   */
+  colorBottom: number;
+  /**
+   * The color of the left edge of the Node for gradient rendering.
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * See {@link color} for more information about color values and gradient
+   * rendering.
+   */
+  colorLeft: number;
+  /**
+   * The color of the right edge of the Node for gradient rendering.
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * See {@link color} for more information about color values and gradient
+   * rendering.
+   */
+  colorRight: number;
+  /**
+   * The color of the top-left corner of the Node for gradient rendering.
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * See {@link color} for more information about color values and gradient
+   * rendering.
+   */
+  colorTl: number;
+  /**
+   * The color of the top-right corner of the Node for gradient rendering.
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * See {@link color} for more information about color values and gradient
+   * rendering.
+   */
+  colorTr: number;
+  /**
+   * The color of the bottom-right corner of the Node for gradient rendering.
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * See {@link color} for more information about color values and gradient
+   * rendering.
+   */
+  colorBr: number;
+  /**
+   * The color of the bottom-left corner of the Node for gradient rendering.
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * See {@link color} for more information about color values and gradient
+   * rendering.
+   */
+  colorBl: number;
+  /**
+   * The Node's parent Node.
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * The value `null` indicates that the Node has no parent. This may either be
+   * because the Node is the root Node of the scene graph, or because the Node
+   * has been removed from the scene graph.
+   *
+   * In order to make sure that a Node can be rendered on the screen, it must
+   * be added to the scene graph by setting it's parent property to a Node that
+   * is already in the scene graph such as the root Node.
+   *
+   * @default `null`
+   */
+  parent: CoreNode | null;
+  /**
+   * The Node's z-index.
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * Max z-index of children under the same parent determines which child
+   * is rendered on top. Higher z-index means the Node is rendered on top of
+   * children with lower z-index.
+   *
+   * Max value is 1000 and min value is -1000. Values outside of this range will be clamped.
+   */
+  zIndex: number;
+  /**
+   * The Node's Texture.
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * The `texture` defines a rasterized image that is contained within the
+   * {@link width} and {@link height} dimensions of the Node. If null, the
+   * Node will use an opaque white {@link ColorTexture} when being drawn, which
+   * essentially enables colors (including gradients) to be drawn.
+   *
+   * If set, by default, the texture will be drawn, as is, stretched to the
+   * dimensions of the Node. This behavior can be modified by setting the TBD
+   * and TBD properties.
+   *
+   * To create a Texture in order to set it on this property, call
+   * {@link RendererMain.createTexture}.
+   *
+   * If the {@link src} is set on a Node, the Node will use the
+   * {@link ImageTexture} by default and the Node will simply load the image at
+   * the specified URL.
+   *
+   * Note: If this is a Text Node, the Texture will be managed by the Node's
+   * {@link TextRenderer} and should not be set explicitly.
+   */
+  texture: Texture | null;
+
+  /**
+   * Options to associate with the Node's Texture
+   */
+  textureOptions: TextureOptions;
+
+  /**
+   * The Node's shader
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * The `shader` defines a {@link Shader} used to draw the Node. By default,
+   * the Default Shader is used which simply draws the defined {@link texture}
+   * or {@link color}(s) within the Node without any special effects.
+   *
+   * To create a Shader in order to set it on this property, call
+   * {@link RendererMain.createShader}.
+   *
+   * Note: If this is a Text Node, the Shader will be managed by the Node's
+   * {@link TextRenderer} and should not be set explicitly.
+   */
+  shader: CoreShaderNode<any> | null;
+  /**
+   * Image URL
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * When set, the Node's {@link texture} is automatically set to an
+   * {@link ImageTexture} using the source image URL provided (with all other
+   * settings being defaults)
+   */
+  src: string | null;
+  /**
+   * Scale to render the Node at
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * The scale value multiplies the provided {@link width} and {@link height}
+   * of the Node around the Node's Pivot Point (defined by the {@link pivot}
+   * props).
+   *
+   * Behind the scenes, setting this property sets both the {@link scaleX} and
+   * {@link scaleY} props to the same value.
+   *
+   * NOTE: When the scaleX and scaleY props are explicitly set to different values,
+   * this property returns `null`. Setting `null` on this property will have no
+   * effect.
+   *
+   * @default 1.0
+   */
+  scale: number | null;
+  /**
+   * Scale to render the Node at (X-Axis)
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * The scaleX value multiplies the provided {@link width} of the Node around
+   * the Node's Pivot Point (defined by the {@link pivot} props).
+   *
+   * @default 1.0
+   */
+  scaleX: number;
+  /**
+   * Scale to render the Node at (Y-Axis)
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * The scaleY value multiplies the provided {@link height} of the Node around
+   * the Node's Pivot Point (defined by the {@link pivot} props).
+   *
+   * @default 1.0
+   */
+  scaleY: number;
+  /**
+   * Combined position of the Node's Mount Point
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * The value can be any number between `0.0` and `1.0`:
+   * - `0.0` defines the Mount Point at the top-left corner of the Node.
+   * - `0.5` defines it at the center of the Node.
+   * - `1.0` defines it at the bottom-right corner of the node.
+   *
+   * Use the {@link mountX} and {@link mountY} props seperately for more control
+   * of the Mount Point.
+   *
+   * When assigned, the same value is also passed to both the {@link mountX} and
+   * {@link mountY} props.
+   *
+   * @default 0 (top-left)
+   */
+  mount: number;
+  /**
+   * X position of the Node's Mount Point
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * The value can be any number between `0.0` and `1.0`:
+   * - `0.0` defines the Mount Point's X position as the left-most edge of the
+   *   Node
+   * - `0.5` defines it as the horizontal center of the Node
+   * - `1.0` defines it as the right-most edge of the Node.
+   *
+   * The combination of {@link mountX} and {@link mountY} define the Mount Point
+   *
+   * @default 0 (left-most edge)
+   */
+  mountX: number;
+  /**
+   * Y position of the Node's Mount Point
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * The value can be any number between `0.0` and `1.0`:
+   * - `0.0` defines the Mount Point's Y position as the top-most edge of the
+   *   Node
+   * - `0.5` defines it as the vertical center of the Node
+   * - `1.0` defines it as the bottom-most edge of the Node.
+   *
+   * The combination of {@link mountX} and {@link mountY} define the Mount Point
+   *
+   * @default 0 (top-most edge)
+   */
+  mountY: number;
+  /**
+   * Combined position of the Node's Pivot Point
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * The value can be any number between `0.0` and `1.0`:
+   * - `0.0` defines the Pivot Point at the top-left corner of the Node.
+   * - `0.5` defines it at the center of the Node.
+   * - `1.0` defines it at the bottom-right corner of the node.
+   *
+   * Use the {@link pivotX} and {@link pivotY} props seperately for more control
+   * of the Pivot Point.
+   *
+   * When assigned, the same value is also passed to both the {@link pivotX} and
+   * {@link pivotY} props.
+   *
+   * @default 0.5 (center)
+   */
+  pivot: number;
+  /**
+   * X position of the Node's Pivot Point
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * The value can be any number between `0.0` and `1.0`:
+   * - `0.0` defines the Pivot Point's X position as the left-most edge of the
+   *   Node
+   * - `0.5` defines it as the horizontal center of the Node
+   * - `1.0` defines it as the right-most edge of the Node.
+   *
+   * The combination of {@link pivotX} and {@link pivotY} define the Pivot Point
+   *
+   * @default 0.5 (centered on x-axis)
+   */
+  pivotX: number;
+  /**
+   * Y position of the Node's Pivot Point
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * The value can be any number between `0.0` and `1.0`:
+   * - `0.0` defines the Pivot Point's Y position as the top-most edge of the
+   *   Node
+   * - `0.5` defines it as the vertical center of the Node
+   * - `1.0` defines it as the bottom-most edge of the Node.
+   *
+   * The combination of {@link pivotX} and {@link pivotY} define the Pivot Point
+   *
+   * @default 0.5 (centered on y-axis)
+   */
+  pivotY: number;
+  /**
+   * Rotation of the Node (in Radians)
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * Sets the amount to rotate the Node by around it's Pivot Point (defined by
+   * the {@link pivot} props). Positive values rotate the Node clockwise, while
+   * negative values rotate it counter-clockwise.
+   *
+   * Example values:
+   * - `-Math.PI / 2`: 90 degree rotation counter-clockwise
+   * - `0`: No rotation
+   * - `Math.PI / 2`: 90 degree rotation clockwise
+   * - `Math.PI`: 180 degree rotation clockwise
+   * - `3 * Math.PI / 2`: 270 degree rotation clockwise
+   * - `2 * Math.PI`: 360 rotation clockwise
+   */
+  rotation: number;
+
+  /**
+   * Whether the Node is rendered to a texture
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * TBD
+   *
+   * @default false
+   */
+  rtt: boolean;
+
+  /**
+   * Node data element for custom data storage (optional)
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * This property is used to store custom data on the Node as a key/value data store.
+   * Data values are limited to string, numbers, booleans. Strings will be truncated
+   * to a 2048 character limit for performance reasons.
+   *
+   * This is not a data storage mechanism for large amounts of data please use a
+   * dedicated data storage mechanism for that.
+   *
+   * The custom data will be reflected in the inspector as part of `data-*` attributes
+   *
+   * @default `undefined`
+   */
+  data?: CustomDataMap;
+
+  /**
+   * Image Type to explicitly set the image type that is being loaded
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * This property must be used with a `src` that points at an image. In some cases
+   * the extension doesn't provide a reliable representation of the image type. In such
+   * cases set the ImageType explicitly.
+   *
+   * `regular` is used for normal images such as png, jpg, etc
+   * `compressed` is used for ETC1/ETC2 compressed images with a PVR or KTX container
+   * `svg` is used for scalable vector graphics
+   *
+   * @default `undefined`
+   */
+  imageType?: 'regular' | 'compressed' | 'svg' | null;
+
+  /**
+   * She width of the rectangle from which the Image Texture will be extracted.
+   * This value can be negative. If not provided, the image's source natural
+   * width will be used.
+   */
+  srcWidth?: number;
+  /**
+   * The height of the rectangle from which the Image Texture will be extracted.
+   * This value can be negative. If not provided, the image's source natural
+   * height will be used.
+   */
+  srcHeight?: number;
+  /**
+   * The x coordinate of the reference point of the rectangle from which the Texture
+   * will be extracted.  `width` and `height` are provided. And only works when
+   * createImageBitmap is available. Only works when createImageBitmap is supported on the browser.
+   */
+  srcX?: number;
+  /**
+   * The y coordinate of the reference point of the rectangle from which the Texture
+   * will be extracted. Only used when source `srcWidth` width and `srcHeight` height
+   * are provided. Only works when createImageBitmap is supported on the browser.
+   */
+  srcY?: number;
+  /**
+   * Mark the node as interactive so we can perform hit tests on it
+   * when pointer events are registered.
+   * @default false
+   */
+  interactive?: boolean;
+  /**
+   * preventDestroy flag prevents the node and its children from being destroyed
+   * when the parent is destroyed.
+   * @default false
+   */
+  preventDestroy?: boolean;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Grab all the number properties of type T
+ */
+type NumberProps<T> = {
+  [Key in keyof T as NonNullable<T[Key]> extends number ? Key : never]: number;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Properties of a Node used by the animate() function
+ */
+export interface CoreNodeAnimateProps extends NumberProps<CoreNodeProps> {
+  /**
+   * Shader properties to animate
+   */
+  shaderProps: Record<string, number>;
+  // TODO: textureProps: Record<string, number>;
+}
+
+/**
+ * A visual Node in the Renderer scene graph.
+ *
+ * @remarks
+ * CoreNode is an internally used class that represents a Renderer Node in the
+ * scene graph. See INode.ts for the public APIs exposed to Renderer users
+ * that include generic types for Shaders.
+ */
+export class CoreNode extends EventEmitter {
+  readonly children: CoreNode[] = [];
+  protected _id: number = getNewId();
+  readonly props: CoreNodeProps;
+  public readonly isCoreNode = true as const;
+  private _animations: Record<
+    string,
+    { controller: AnimationConfig; settings: Partial<AnimationSettings> }
+  > = {};
+
+  // WebGL Render Op State
+  public renderOpBufferIdx: number = 0;
+  public numQuads: number = 0;
+  public renderOpTextures: WebGlCtxTexture[] = [];
+
+  /**
+   * Permanent index (in float32 units) into the renderer's quad buffer.
+   * -1 means this node has not yet been assigned a slot.
+   */
+  public quadBufferIndex: number = -1;
+
+  /**
+   * True when renderCoords, premultiplied colors, or textureCoords changed
+   * since the node's quad was last written to the GPU.
+   */
+  public isQuadDirty: boolean = true;
+
+  private hasShaderUpdater = false;
+  public hasShaderTimeFn = false;
+  private hasColorProps = false;
+  public textureLoaded = false;
+
+  public updateType = UpdateType.All;
+  public childUpdateType = UpdateType.None;
+
+  public globalTransform?: Matrix3d;
+  public localTransform?: Matrix3d;
+  public sceneGlobalTransform?: Matrix3d;
+  public renderCoords?: RenderCoords;
+  public sceneRenderCoords?: RenderCoords;
+  public renderBound?: Bound;
+  public strictBound?: Bound;
+  public preloadBound?: Bound;
+  public clippingRect: RectWithValid = {
+    x: 0,
+    y: 0,
+    width: 0,
+    height: 0,
+    valid: false,
+  };
+  public textureCoords?: TextureCoords;
+  public updateShaderUniforms: boolean = false;
+  public isRenderable = false;
+  public renderState: CoreNodeRenderState = CoreNodeRenderState.Init;
+  public isSimple = true;
+
+  public worldAlpha = 1;
+  public premultipliedColorTl = 0;
+  public premultipliedColorTr = 0;
+  public premultipliedColorBl = 0;
+  public premultipliedColorBr = 0;
+  public calcZIndex = 0;
+  public hasRTTupdates = false;
+  public parentHasRenderTexture = false;
+  public rttParent: CoreNode | null = null;
+  /**
+   * only used when rtt = true
+   */
+  public framebufferDimensions: Dimensions | null = null;
+
+  /**Autosize properties */
+  autosizer: Autosizer | null = null;
+  parentAutosizer: Autosizer | null = null;
+
+  public destroyed = false;
+
+  constructor(readonly stage: Stage, props: CoreNodeProps) {
+    super();
+
+    //inital update type
+    let initialUpdateType =
+      UpdateType.Local | UpdateType.RenderBounds | UpdateType.RenderState;
+
+    // Fast-path assign only known keys
+    const p = (this.props = {
+      x: props.x,
+      y: props.y,
+      w: props.w,
+      h: props.h,
+      alpha: props.alpha,
+      autosize: props.autosize,
+      clipping: props.clipping,
+      color: props.color,
+      colorTop: props.colorTop,
+      colorBottom: props.colorBottom,
+      colorLeft: props.colorLeft,
+      colorRight: props.colorRight,
+      colorTl: props.colorTl,
+      colorTr: props.colorTr,
+      colorBl: props.colorBl,
+      colorBr: props.colorBr,
+      scaleX: props.scaleX,
+      scaleY: props.scaleY,
+      rotation: props.rotation,
+      pivotX: props.pivotX,
+      pivotY: props.pivotY,
+      mountX: props.mountX,
+      mountY: props.mountY,
+      mount: props.mount,
+      pivot: props.pivot,
+      zIndex: props.zIndex,
+      textureOptions: props.textureOptions,
+      data: props.data,
+      imageType: props.imageType,
+      srcX: props.srcX,
+      srcY: props.srcY,
+      srcWidth: props.srcWidth,
+      srcHeight: props.srcHeight,
+      parent: props.parent,
+      texture: null,
+      shader: null,
+      src: null,
+      rtt: false,
+      boundsMargin: null,
+      scale: null,
+      interactive: props.interactive,
+      preventDestroy: props.preventDestroy,
+    });
+
+    //check if any color props are set for premultiplied color updates
+    if (
+      p.color > 0 ||
+      p.colorTop > 0 ||
+      p.colorBottom > 0 ||
+      p.colorLeft > 0 ||
+      p.colorRight > 0 ||
+      p.colorTl > 0 ||
+      p.colorTr > 0 ||
+      p.colorBl > 0 ||
+      p.colorBr > 0
+    ) {
+      this.hasColorProps = true;
+      initialUpdateType |= UpdateType.PremultipliedColors;
+    }
+
+    // Only set non-default values
+    if (p.zIndex !== 0) {
+      this.zIndex = p.zIndex;
+    }
+
+    if (props.parent !== null) {
+      props.parent.addChild(this);
+    }
+
+    // Assign props to instances
+    this.texture = props.texture;
+    this.shader = props.shader;
+    this.src = props.src;
+    this.rtt = props.rtt;
+    this.boundsMargin = props.boundsMargin;
+    this.interactive = props.interactive;
+
+    // Initialize autosize if enabled
+    if (p.autosize === true) {
+      this.autosizer = new Autosizer(this);
+    }
+
+    this.setUpdateType(initialUpdateType);
+
+    // if the default texture isn't loaded yet, wait for it to load
+    // this only happens when the node is created before the stage is ready
+    const dt = this.stage.defaultTexture;
+    if (dt !== null && dt.state !== 'loaded') {
+      dt.once('loaded', () => this.setUpdateType(UpdateType.IsRenderable));
+    }
+    this.updateIsSimple();
+  }
+
+  //#region Textures
+  loadTexture(): void {
+    if (this.props.texture === null) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // If texture is already loaded / failed, trigger loaded event manually
+    // so that users get a consistent event experience.
+    // We do this in a microtask to allow listeners to be attached in the same
+    // synchronous task after calling loadTexture()
+    queueMicrotask(this.loadTextureTask);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Task for queueMicrotask to loadTexture
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * This method is called in a microtask to release the texture.
+   */
+  private loadTextureTask = (): void => {
+    const texture = this.props.texture as Texture;
+    //it is possible that texture is null here if user sets the texture to null right after loadTexture call
+    if (texture === null) {
+      return;
+    }
+    if (this.textureOptions.preload === true) {
+      this.stage.txManager.loadTexture(texture);
+    }
+
+    texture.preventCleanup = this.props.textureOptions?.preventCleanup ?? false;
+    texture.on('loaded', this.onTextureLoaded);
+    texture.on('failed', this.onTextureFailed);
+    texture.on('freed', this.onTextureFreed);
+
+    // If the parent is a render texture, the initial texture status
+    // will be set to freed until the texture is processed by the
+    // Render RTT nodes. So we only need to listen fo changes and
+    // no need to check the texture.state until we restructure how
+    // textures are being processed.
+    if (this.parentHasRenderTexture) {
+      this.notifyParentRTTOfUpdate();
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (texture.state === 'loaded') {
+      this.onTextureLoaded(texture, texture.dimensions!);
+    } else if (texture.state === 'failed') {
+      this.onTextureFailed(texture, texture.error!);
+    } else if (texture.state === 'freed') {
+      this.onTextureFreed(texture);
+    }
+  };
+
+  unloadTexture(): void {
+    if (this.texture === null) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const texture = this.texture;
+    texture.off('loaded', this.onTextureLoaded);
+    texture.off('failed', this.onTextureFailed);
+    texture.off('freed', this.onTextureFreed);
+    texture.setRenderableOwner(this._id, false);
+  }
+
+  protected onTextureLoaded: TextureLoadedEventHandler = (_, dimensions) => {
+    if (this.autosizer !== null) {
+      this.autosizer.update();
+    }
+
+    this.textureLoaded = true;
+    this.setUpdateType(UpdateType.IsRenderable);
+
+    // Texture was loaded. In case the RAF loop has already stopped, we request
+    // a render to ensure the texture is rendered.
+    this.stage.requestRender();
+
+    // If parent has a render texture, flag that we need to update
+    if (this.parentHasRenderTexture) {
+      this.notifyParentRTTOfUpdate();
+    }
+
+    // ignore 1x1 pixel textures
+    if (dimensions.w > 1 && dimensions.h > 1) {
+      this.emit('loaded', {
+        type: 'texture',
+        dimensions,
+      } satisfies NodeTextureLoadedPayload);
+    }
+
+    if (
+      this.stage.calculateTextureCoord === true &&
+      this.props.textureOptions !== null
+    ) {
+      this.textureCoords = this.stage.renderer.getTextureCoords!(this);
+    }
+
+    // Trigger a local update if the texture is loaded and the resizeMode is 'contain'
+    if (this.props.textureOptions?.resizeMode?.type === 'contain') {
+      this.setUpdateType(UpdateType.Local);
+    }
+  };
+
+  private onTextureFailed: TextureFailedEventHandler = (_, error) => {
+    // immediately set isRenderable to false, so that we handle the error
+    // without waiting for the next frame loop
+    this.textureLoaded = false;
+    this.isRenderable = false;
+    this.updateTextureOwnership(false);
+    this.setUpdateType(UpdateType.IsRenderable);
+
+    // If parent has a render texture, flag that we need to update
+    if (this.parentHasRenderTexture) {
+      this.notifyParentRTTOfUpdate();
+    }
+
+    if (
+      this.texture !== null &&
+      this.texture.retryCount > this.texture.maxRetryCount
+    ) {
+      this.emit('failed', {
+        type: 'texture',
+        error,
+      } satisfies NodeTextureFailedPayload);
+    }
+  };
+
+  private onTextureFreed: TextureFreedEventHandler = () => {
+    // immediately set isRenderable to false, so that we handle the error
+    // without waiting for the next frame loop
+    this.textureLoaded = false;
+    this.isRenderable = false;
+    this.updateTextureOwnership(false);
+    this.setUpdateType(UpdateType.IsRenderable);
+
+    // If parent has a render texture, flag that we need to update
+    if (this.parentHasRenderTexture) {
+      this.notifyParentRTTOfUpdate();
+    }
+
+    this.emit('freed', {
+      type: 'texture',
+    } satisfies NodeTextureFreedPayload);
+  };
+  //#endregion Textures
+
+  /**
+   * Change types types is used to determine the scope of the changes being applied
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * See {@link UpdateType} for more information on each type
+   *
+   * @param type
+   */
+  setUpdateType(type: UpdateType): void {
+    this.updateType |= type;
+
+    const parent = this.props.parent;
+    if (!parent || parent.updateType & UpdateType.Children) return;
+
+    parent.setUpdateType(UpdateType.Children);
+  }
+
+  updateLocalTransform() {
+    const p = this.props;
+    const { x, y } = p;
+
+    if (this.isSimple) {
+      this.localTransform = Matrix3d.translate(x, y, this.localTransform);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const { w, h } = p;
+    const mountTranslateX = p.mountX * w;
+    const mountTranslateY = p.mountY * h;
+
+    if (p.rotation !== 0 || p.scaleX !== 1 || p.scaleY !== 1) {
+      const scaleRotate = Matrix3d.rotate(p.rotation, Matrix3d.temp).scale(
+        p.scaleX,
+        p.scaleY,
+      );
+      const pivotTranslateX = p.pivotX * w;
+      const pivotTranslateY = p.pivotY * h;
+
+      this.localTransform = Matrix3d.translate(
+        x - mountTranslateX + pivotTranslateX,
+        y - mountTranslateY + pivotTranslateY,
+        this.localTransform,
+      )
+        .multiply(scaleRotate)
+        .translate(-pivotTranslateX, -pivotTranslateY);
+    } else {
+      this.localTransform = Matrix3d.translate(
+        x - mountTranslateX,
+        y - mountTranslateY,
+        this.localTransform,
+      );
+    }
+
+    // Handle 'contain' resize mode
+    const texture = p.texture;
+    if (
+      texture &&
+      texture.dimensions &&
+      p.textureOptions.resizeMode?.type === 'contain'
+    ) {
+      let resizeModeScaleX = 1;
+      let resizeModeScaleY = 1;
+      let extraX = 0;
+      let extraY = 0;
+      const { w: tw, h: th } = texture.dimensions;
+      const txAspectRatio = tw / th;
+      const nodeAspectRatio = w / h;
+      if (txAspectRatio > nodeAspectRatio) {
+        // Texture is wider than node
+        // Center the node vertically (shift down by extraY)
+        // Scale the node vertically to maintain original aspect ratio
+        const scaleX = w / tw;
+        const scaledTxHeight = th * scaleX;
+        extraY = (h - scaledTxHeight) / 2;
+        resizeModeScaleY = scaledTxHeight / h;
+      } else {
+        // Texture is taller than node (or equal)
+        // Center the node horizontally (shift right by extraX)
+        // Scale the node horizontally to maintain original aspect ratio
+        const scaleY = h / th;
+        const scaledTxWidth = tw * scaleY;
+        extraX = (w - scaledTxWidth) / 2;
+        resizeModeScaleX = scaledTxWidth / w;
+      }
+
+      // Apply the extra translation and scale to the local transform
+      this.localTransform
+        .translate(extraX, extraY)
+        .scale(resizeModeScaleX, resizeModeScaleY);
+    }
+  }
+
+  updateIsSimple() {
+    const p = this.props;
+    this.isSimple =
+      p.rotation === 0 &&
+      p.scaleX === 1 &&
+      p.scaleY === 1 &&
+      p.mountX === 0 &&
+      p.mountY === 0 &&
+      !(p.texture && p.textureOptions.resizeMode?.type === 'contain');
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @todo: test for correct calculation flag
+   * @param delta
+   */
+  update(delta: number, parentClippingRect: RectWithValid): void {
+    const props = this.props;
+    //parent can be forced to ! because the root node update loop uses updateRoot which implies that
+    //all other loops using this update method have a parent
+    const parent = props.parent!;
+    const parentHasRenderTexture = this.parentHasRenderTexture;
+    let newRenderState: CoreNodeRenderState | null = null;
+    let updateType = this.updateType;
+    let childUpdateType = this.childUpdateType;
+
+    //this needs to be handled before setting updateTypes are reset
+    if (
+      ENABLE_AUTOSIZE &&
+      updateType & UpdateType.Autosize &&
+      this.autosizer !== null
+    ) {
+      this.autosizer.update();
+    }
+
+    // reset update type
+    this.updateType = 0;
+    this.childUpdateType = 0;
+
+    if (updateType & UpdateType.Local) {
+      this.updateLocalTransform();
+
+      updateType |= UpdateType.Global;
+    }
+
+    // Handle specific RTT updates at this node level
+    if (USE_RTT && updateType & UpdateType.RenderTexture && this.rtt === true) {
+      this.hasRTTupdates = true;
+    }
+
+    if (updateType & UpdateType.Global) {
+      if (
+        USE_RTT &&
+        this.parentHasRenderTexture === true &&
+        parent.rtt === true
+      ) {
+        // we are at the start of the RTT chain, so we need to reset the globalTransform
+        // for correct RTT rendering
+        this.globalTransform = Matrix3d.identity(this.globalTransform);
+
+        // Maintain a full scene global transform for bounds detection
+        const parentTransform =
+          parent.globalTransform || Matrix3d.identity(Matrix3d.temp);
+
+        this.sceneGlobalTransform = Matrix3d.copy(
+          parentTransform,
+          this.sceneGlobalTransform,
+        ).translateOrMultiply(this.localTransform!);
+      } else if (
+        USE_RTT &&
+        this.parentHasRenderTexture === true &&
+        parent.rtt === false
+      ) {
+        // we're part of an RTT chain but our parent is not the main RTT node
+        // so we need to propogate the sceneGlobalTransform of the parent
+        // to maintain a full scene global transform for bounds detection
+        const parentSceneTransform =
+          parent.sceneGlobalTransform || this.localTransform!;
+
+        this.sceneGlobalTransform = Matrix3d.copy(
+          parentSceneTransform,
+          this.sceneGlobalTransform,
+        ).translateOrMultiply(this.localTransform!);
+
+        this.globalTransform = Matrix3d.copy(
+          parent.globalTransform || this.localTransform!,
+          this.globalTransform,
+        );
+      } else {
+        this.globalTransform = Matrix3d.copy(
+          parent.globalTransform || this.localTransform!,
+          this.globalTransform,
+        );
+      }
+
+      if (this.isSimple) {
+        this.globalTransform.translate(
+          this.localTransform!.tx,
+          this.localTransform!.ty,
+        );
+      } else {
+        this.globalTransform.translateOrMultiply(this.localTransform!);
+      }
+      this.calculateRenderCoords();
+      this.updateBoundingRect();
+
+      updateType |= UpdateType.RenderState | UpdateType.RecalcUniforms;
+
+      //only propagate children updates if not autosizing
+      if ((updateType & UpdateType.Autosize) === 0) {
+        updateType |= UpdateType.Children;
+        childUpdateType |= UpdateType.Global;
+      }
+
+      if (this.clipping === true) {
+        updateType |= UpdateType.Clipping | UpdateType.RenderBounds;
+        childUpdateType |= UpdateType.RenderBounds;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (updateType & UpdateType.RenderBounds) {
+      this.createRenderBounds();
+
+      updateType |= UpdateType.RenderState | UpdateType.Children;
+      childUpdateType |= UpdateType.RenderBounds;
+    }
+
+    if (updateType & UpdateType.RenderState) {
+      newRenderState = this.checkRenderBounds();
+      updateType |= UpdateType.IsRenderable;
+
+      // if we're not going out of bounds, update the render state
+      // this is done so the update loop can finish before we mark a node
+      // as out of bounds
+      if (newRenderState !== CoreNodeRenderState.OutOfBounds) {
+        this.updateRenderState(newRenderState);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (updateType & UpdateType.WorldAlpha) {
+      this.worldAlpha = parent.worldAlpha * this.props.alpha;
+      updateType |=
+        UpdateType.PremultipliedColors |
+        UpdateType.Children |
+        UpdateType.IsRenderable;
+      childUpdateType |= UpdateType.WorldAlpha;
+    }
+
+    if (updateType & UpdateType.IsRenderable) {
+      this.updateIsRenderable();
+    }
+
+    // Handle autosize updates when children transforms change
+    if (
+      ENABLE_AUTOSIZE &&
+      updateType & UpdateType.Global &&
+      this.isRenderable === true &&
+      this.parentAutosizer !== null
+    ) {
+      this.parentAutosizer.patch(this.id);
+    }
+
+    if (updateType & UpdateType.Clipping) {
+      this.calculateClippingRect(parentClippingRect);
+      updateType |= UpdateType.Children;
+      childUpdateType |= UpdateType.Clipping | UpdateType.RenderBounds;
+    }
+
+    if (updateType & UpdateType.PremultipliedColors) {
+      const alpha = this.worldAlpha;
+
+      const tl = props.colorTl;
+      const tr = props.colorTr;
+      const bl = props.colorBl;
+      const br = props.colorBr;
+
+      // Fast equality check (covers all 4 corners)
+      const same = tl === tr && tl === bl && tl === br;
+
+      const merged = premultiplyColorABGR(tl, alpha);
+
+      this.premultipliedColorTl = merged;
+
+      if (same === true) {
+        this.premultipliedColorTr =
+          this.premultipliedColorBl =
+          this.premultipliedColorBr =
+            merged;
+      } else {
+        this.premultipliedColorTr = premultiplyColorABGR(tr, alpha);
+        this.premultipliedColorBl = premultiplyColorABGR(bl, alpha);
+        this.premultipliedColorBr = premultiplyColorABGR(br, alpha);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (this.renderState === CoreNodeRenderState.OutOfBounds) {
+      // Delay updating children until the node is in bounds
+      this.updateType = updateType;
+      this.childUpdateType = childUpdateType;
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (
+      updateType & UpdateType.RecalcUniforms &&
+      this.hasShaderUpdater === true
+    ) {
+      this.updateShaderUniforms = true;
+    }
+
+    if (this.isRenderable === true && this.updateShaderUniforms === true) {
+      this.updateShaderUniforms = false;
+      //this exists because the boolean hasShaderUpdater === true
+      this.shader!.update!();
+    }
+
+    if (updateType & UpdateType.Children && this.children.length > 0) {
+      let childClippingRect = this.clippingRect;
+
+      if (USE_RTT && this.rtt === true) {
+        childClippingRect = NO_CLIPPING_RECT;
+      }
+
+      for (let i = 0, length = this.children.length; i < length; i++) {
+        const child = this.children[i] as CoreNode;
+
+        if (childUpdateType !== 0) {
+          child.updateType |= childUpdateType;
+        }
+
+        if (child.updateType === 0) {
+          continue;
+        }
+
+        child.update(delta, childClippingRect);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // If the node has an RTT parent and requires a texture re-render, inform the RTT parent
+    // if (this.parentHasRenderTexture && updateType & UpdateType.RenderTexture) {
+    // @TODO have a more scoped down updateType for RTT updates
+    if (USE_RTT === true && parentHasRenderTexture === true) {
+      this.notifyParentRTTOfUpdate();
+    }
+
+    //Resort children if needed
+    if (updateType & UpdateType.SortZIndexChildren) {
+      // reorder z-index
+      this.sortChildren();
+    }
+
+    // If we're out of bounds, apply the render state now
+    // this is done so nodes can finish their entire update loop before
+    // being marked as out of bounds
+    if (newRenderState === CoreNodeRenderState.OutOfBounds) {
+      this.updateRenderState(newRenderState);
+      this.updateIsRenderable();
+
+      if (
+        USE_RTT === true &&
+        this.rtt === true &&
+        newRenderState === CoreNodeRenderState.OutOfBounds
+      ) {
+        // notify children that we are going out of bounds
+        // we have to do this now before we stop processing the render tree
+        this.notifyChildrenRTTOfUpdate(newRenderState);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Mark quad dirty only when visual data (transforms, colors) actually
+    // changed, so the WebGL renderer only re-uploads modified slots.
+    if (
+      updateType &
+      (UpdateType.Global |
+        UpdateType.PremultipliedColors |
+        UpdateType.WorldAlpha)
+    ) {
+      this.isQuadDirty = true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private findParentRTTNode(): CoreNode | null {
+    let rttNode: CoreNode | null = this.parent;
+    while (rttNode && !rttNode.rtt) {
+      rttNode = rttNode.parent;
+    }
+    return rttNode;
+  }
+
+  private notifyChildrenRTTOfUpdate(renderState: CoreNodeRenderState) {
+    for (const child of this.children) {
+      // force child to update render state
+      child.updateRenderState(renderState);
+      child.updateIsRenderable();
+      child.notifyChildrenRTTOfUpdate(renderState);
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected notifyParentRTTOfUpdate() {
+    if (this.parent === null) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const rttNode = this.rttParent || this.findParentRTTNode();
+    if (!rttNode) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // If an RTT node is found, mark it for re-rendering
+    rttNode.hasRTTupdates = true;
+    rttNode.setUpdateType(UpdateType.RenderTexture);
+
+    // if rttNode is nested, also make it update its RTT parent
+    if (rttNode.parentHasRenderTexture === true) {
+      rttNode.notifyParentRTTOfUpdate();
+    }
+  }
+
+  checkRenderBounds(): CoreNodeRenderState {
+    if (boundInsideBound(this.renderBound!, this.strictBound!)) {
+      return CoreNodeRenderState.InViewport;
+    }
+
+    if (boundInsideBound(this.renderBound!, this.preloadBound!)) {
+      return CoreNodeRenderState.InBounds;
+    }
+
+    // check if we're larger then our parent, we're definitely in the viewport
+    if (boundLargeThanBound(this.renderBound!, this.strictBound!)) {
+      return CoreNodeRenderState.InViewport;
+    }
+
+    // check if we dont have dimensions, take our parent's render state
+    if (this.parent !== null && (this.props.w === 0 || this.props.h === 0)) {
+      return this.parent.renderState;
+    }
+
+    return CoreNodeRenderState.OutOfBounds;
+  }
+
+  updateBoundingRect() {
+    const transform = (this.sceneGlobalTransform ||
+      this.globalTransform) as Matrix3d;
+    const renderCoords = (this.sceneRenderCoords ||
+      this.renderCoords) as RenderCoords;
+
+    if (transform.tb === 0 || transform.tc === 0) {
+      this.renderBound = createBound(
+        renderCoords.x1,
+        renderCoords.y1,
+        renderCoords.x3,
+        renderCoords.y3,
+        this.renderBound,
+      );
+    } else {
+      const { x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, x4, y4 } = renderCoords;
+      this.renderBound = createBound(
+        Math.min(x1, x2, x3, x4),
+        Math.min(y1, y2, y3, y4),
+        Math.max(x1, x2, x3, x4),
+        Math.max(y1, y2, y3, y4),
+        this.renderBound,
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  createRenderBounds(): void {
+    if (this.parent !== null && this.parent.strictBound !== undefined) {
+      // we have a parent with a valid bound, copy it
+      const parentBound = this.parent.strictBound;
+      this.strictBound = createBound(
+        parentBound.x1,
+        parentBound.y1,
+        parentBound.x2,
+        parentBound.y2,
+        this.strictBound,
+      );
+
+      this.preloadBound = createPreloadBounds(
+        this.strictBound,
+        this.boundsMargin as [number, number, number, number],
+        this.preloadBound,
+      );
+    } else {
+      // no parent or parent does not have a bound, take the stage boundaries
+      this.strictBound = this.stage.strictBound;
+      this.preloadBound = this.stage.preloadBound;
+    }
+
+    // if clipping is disabled, we're done
+    if (this.props.clipping === false) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // only create local clipping bounds if node itself is in bounds
+    // this can only be done if we have a render bound already
+    if (this.renderBound === undefined) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // if we're out of bounds, we're done
+    if (boundInsideBound(this.renderBound, this.strictBound) === false) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // clipping is enabled and we are in bounds create our own bounds
+    const { x, y, w, h } = this.props;
+
+    // Pick the global transform if available, otherwise use the local transform
+    // global transform is only available if the node in an RTT chain
+    const { tx, ty } = this.sceneGlobalTransform || this.globalTransform || {};
+    const _x = tx ?? x;
+    const _y = ty ?? y;
+    this.strictBound = createBound(_x, _y, _x + w, _y + h, this.strictBound);
+
+    this.preloadBound = createPreloadBounds(
+      this.strictBound,
+      this.boundsMargin as [number, number, number, number],
+      this.preloadBound,
+    );
+  }
+
+  updateRenderState(renderState: CoreNodeRenderState) {
+    if (renderState === this.renderState) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const previous = this.renderState;
+    this.renderState = renderState;
+
+    // If node visibility changes, dirty the render list cache
+    if (
+      renderState === CoreNodeRenderState.OutOfBounds ||
+      previous === CoreNodeRenderState.OutOfBounds
+    ) {
+      this.stage.requestRenderListUpdate();
+    }
+
+    if (EMIT_BOUNDS_EVENTS) {
+      const event = CoreNodeRenderStateMap.get(renderState);
+      assertTruthy(event);
+      this.emit(event, {
+        previous,
+        current: renderState,
+      });
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Checks if the node is renderable based on world alpha, dimensions and out of bounds status.
+   */
+  checkBasicRenderability(): boolean {
+    if (this.worldAlpha === 0 || this.isOutOfBounds() === true) {
+      return false;
+    } else {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Updates the `isRenderable` property based on various conditions.
+   */
+  updateIsRenderable() {
+    let newIsRenderable = false;
+    let needsTextureOwnership = false;
+
+    // If the node is out of bounds or has an alpha of 0, it is not renderable
+    if (this.checkBasicRenderability() === false) {
+      this.updateTextureOwnership(false);
+      this.setRenderable(false);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (this.texture !== null) {
+      // preemptive check for failed textures this will mark the current node as non-renderable
+      // and will prevent further checks until the texture is reloaded or retry is reset on the texture
+      if (this.texture.retryCount > this.texture.maxRetryCount) {
+        // texture has failed to load, we cannot render
+        this.updateTextureOwnership(false);
+        this.setRenderable(false);
+        return;
+      }
+
+      needsTextureOwnership = true;
+      // Use cached boolean instead of string comparison
+      newIsRenderable = this.textureLoaded;
+    } else if (
+      // check shader
+      (this.props.shader !== this.stage.renderer.getDefaultShaderNode() ||
+        this.hasColorProps === true) &&
+      // check dimensions
+      this.hasDimensions() === true
+    ) {
+      // This mean we have dimensions and a color set, so we can render a ColorTexture
+      newIsRenderable = true;
+    }
+
+    this.updateTextureOwnership(needsTextureOwnership);
+    this.setRenderable(newIsRenderable);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Sets the renderable state and triggers changes if necessary.
+   * @param isRenderable - The new renderable state
+   */
+  setRenderable(isRenderable: boolean) {
+    const previousIsRenderable = this.isRenderable;
+    this.isRenderable = isRenderable;
+
+    // Emit event if renderable status has changed
+    if (previousIsRenderable !== isRenderable) {
+      this.stage.requestRenderListUpdate();
+      if (EMIT_BOUNDS_EVENTS) {
+        this.emit('renderable', {
+          type: 'renderable',
+          isRenderable,
+        } satisfies NodeRenderablePayload);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Changes the renderable state of the node.
+   */
+  updateTextureOwnership(isRenderable: boolean) {
+    this.texture?.setRenderableOwner(this._id, isRenderable);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Checks if the node is out of the viewport bounds.
+   */
+  isOutOfBounds(): boolean {
+    return this.renderState <= CoreNodeRenderState.OutOfBounds;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Checks if the node has dimensions (width/height)
+   */
+  hasDimensions(): boolean {
+    return this.props.w !== 0 && this.props.h !== 0;
+  }
+
+  calculateRenderCoords() {
+    const { w, h } = this.props;
+
+    const g = this.globalTransform!;
+    const tx = g.tx,
+      ty = g.ty,
+      ta = g.ta,
+      tb = g.tb,
+      tc = g.tc,
+      td = g.td;
+    if (tb === 0 && tc === 0) {
+      const minX = tx;
+      const maxX = tx + w * ta;
+      const minY = ty;
+      const maxY = ty + h * td;
+      this.renderCoords = RenderCoords.translate(
+        //top-left
+        minX,
+        minY,
+        //top-right
+        maxX,
+        minY,
+        //bottom-right
+        maxX,
+        maxY,
+        //bottom-left
+        minX,
+        maxY,
+        this.renderCoords,
+      );
+    } else {
+      this.renderCoords = RenderCoords.translate(
+        //top-left
+        tx,
+        ty,
+        //top-right
+        tx + w * ta,
+        ty + w * tc,
+        //bottom-right
+        tx + w * ta + h * tb,
+        ty + w * tc + h * td,
+        //bottom-left
+        tx + h * tb,
+        ty + h * td,
+        this.renderCoords,
+      );
+    }
+    if (!USE_RTT || this.sceneGlobalTransform === undefined) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const {
+      tx: stx,
+      ty: sty,
+      ta: sta,
+      tb: stb,
+      tc: stc,
+      td: std,
+    } = this.sceneGlobalTransform;
+    if (stb === 0 && stc === 0) {
+      const minX = stx;
+      const maxX = stx + w * sta;
+      const minY = sty;
+      const maxY = sty + h * std;
+      this.sceneRenderCoords = RenderCoords.translate(
+        //top-left
+        minX,
+        minY,
+        //top-right
+        maxX,
+        minY,
+        //bottom-right
+        maxX,
+        maxY,
+        //bottom-left
+        minX,
+        maxY,
+        this.sceneRenderCoords,
+      );
+    } else {
+      this.sceneRenderCoords = RenderCoords.translate(
+        //top-left
+        stx,
+        sty,
+        //top-right
+        stx + w * sta,
+        sty + w * stc,
+        //bottom-right
+        stx + w * sta + h * stb,
+        sty + w * stc + h * std,
+        //bottom-left
+        stx + h * stb,
+        sty + h * std,
+        this.sceneRenderCoords,
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * This function calculates the clipping rectangle for a node.
+   *
+   * The function then checks if the node is rotated. If the node requires clipping and is not rotated, a new clipping rectangle is created based on the node's global transform and dimensions.
+   * If a parent clipping rectangle exists, it is intersected with the node's clipping rectangle (if it exists), or replaces the node's clipping rectangle.
+   *
+   * Finally, the node's parentClippingRect and clippingRect properties are updated.
+   */
+  calculateClippingRect(parentClippingRect: RectWithValid) {
+    const { clippingRect, props, globalTransform: gt } = this;
+    const { clipping } = props;
+    const isRotated = gt!.tb !== 0 || gt!.tc !== 0;
+
+    if (clipping === true && isRotated === false) {
+      clippingRect.x = gt!.tx;
+      clippingRect.y = gt!.ty;
+      clippingRect.width = this.props.w * gt!.ta;
+      clippingRect.height = this.props.h * gt!.td;
+      clippingRect.valid = true;
+    } else {
+      clippingRect.valid = false;
+    }
+
+    if (parentClippingRect.valid === true && clippingRect.valid === true) {
+      // Intersect parent clipping rect with node clipping rect
+      intersectRect(parentClippingRect, clippingRect, clippingRect);
+    } else if (parentClippingRect.valid === true) {
+      // Copy parent clipping rect
+      copyRect(parentClippingRect, clippingRect);
+      clippingRect.valid = true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Destroy the node and cleanup all resources
+   */
+  destroy(isChild: boolean = false): void {
+    if (this.destroyed === true || this.preventDestroy === true) {
+      if (isChild && this.preventDestroy === true) {
+        this.props.parent = null;
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+    this.destroyed = true;
+
+    // Detach from parent first to stop propagation of updates
+    if (isChild === false) {
+      const parent = this.parent;
+      if (parent !== null) {
+        parent.removeChild(this);
+      }
+      this.props.parent = null;
+      this.stage.requestRender();
+    }
+
+    this.removeAllListeners();
+    this.unloadTexture();
+    this.isRenderable = false;
+
+    if (this.hasShaderTimeFn === true) {
+      this.stage.untrackTimedNode(this);
+    }
+
+    if (USE_RTT && this.rtt === true) {
+      this.stage.renderer.removeRTTNode(this);
+    }
+
+    // Kill children
+    for (let i = 0, n = this.children.length; i < n; i++) {
+      this.children[i]!.destroy(true);
+    }
+    this.children.length = 0;
+
+    this.props.texture = null;
+  }
+
+  renderQuads(renderer: CoreRenderer): void {
+    if (USE_RTT && this.parentHasRenderTexture === true) {
+      const rtt = renderer.renderToTextureActive;
+      if (rtt === false || this.parentRenderTexture !== renderer.activeRttNode)
+        return;
+    }
+    // There is a race condition where the texture can be null
+    // with RTT nodes. Adding this defensively to avoid errors.
+    // Also check if we have a valid texture or default texture to render
+    if (USE_RTT && this.renderTexture!.state !== 'loaded') {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    renderer.addQuad(this);
+  }
+
+  get renderTexture(): Texture | null {
+    return this.props.texture || this.stage.defaultTexture;
+  }
+
+  get renderTextureCoords(): TextureCoords | undefined {
+    return this.textureCoords || this.stage.renderer.defaultTextureCoords;
+  }
+
+  get quadBufferCollection(): BufferCollection {
+    return (this.stage.renderer as WebGlRenderer).quadBufferCollection;
+  }
+
+  get width(): number {
+    return this.props.w;
+  }
+
+  get height(): number {
+    return this.props.h;
+  }
+
+  get time(): number {
+    if (this.hasShaderTimeFn === true) {
+      return this.getTimerValue();
+    }
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  getTimerValue(): number {
+    if (typeof this.shader!.time === 'function') {
+      return this.shader!.time(this.stage);
+    }
+    return this.stage.elapsedTime;
+  }
+
+  sortChildren() {
+    this.children.sort((a, b) => a.props.zIndex - b.props.zIndex);
+    this.stage.requestRenderListUpdate();
+  }
+
+  removeChild(node: CoreNode, targetParent: CoreNode | null = null) {
+    if (targetParent === null) {
+      if (
+        USE_RTT &&
+        this.props.rtt === true &&
+        this.parentHasRenderTexture === true
+      ) {
+        node.clearRTTInheritance();
+      }
+
+      if (ENABLE_AUTOSIZE) {
+        const autosizeTarget = this.autosizer || this.parentAutosizer;
+        if (autosizeTarget !== null) {
+          autosizeTarget.detach(node);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    removeChild(node, this.children);
+    this.stage.requestRenderListUpdate();
+  }
+
+  addChild(node: CoreNode, previousParent: CoreNode | null = null) {
+    const inRttCluster =
+      USE_RTT &&
+      (this.props.rtt === true || this.parentHasRenderTexture === true);
+    const children = this.children;
+    let attachToAutosizer = false;
+    let autosizeTarget: Autosizer | null = null;
+    if (ENABLE_AUTOSIZE) {
+      autosizeTarget = this.autosizer || this.parentAutosizer;
+      attachToAutosizer = autosizeTarget !== null;
+    }
+
+    node.parentHasRenderTexture = inRttCluster;
+    if (previousParent !== null) {
+      const previousParentInRttCluster =
+        USE_RTT &&
+        (previousParent.props.rtt === true ||
+          previousParent.parentHasRenderTexture === true);
+      if (inRttCluster === false && previousParentInRttCluster === true) {
+        // update child RTT status
+        node.clearRTTInheritance();
+      }
+
+      if (ENABLE_AUTOSIZE) {
+        const previousAutosizer = node.autosizer || node.parentAutosizer;
+        if (previousAutosizer !== null) {
+          if (!autosizeTarget || previousAutosizer.id !== autosizeTarget.id) {
+            previousAutosizer.detach(node);
+          }
+          attachToAutosizer = false;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (ENABLE_AUTOSIZE && attachToAutosizer === true && autosizeTarget) {
+      //if this is true, then the autosizer really exists
+      autosizeTarget.attach(node);
+    }
+
+    if (inRttCluster === true) {
+      node.markChildrenWithRTT(this);
+    }
+
+    children.push(node);
+
+    // check if we need to sort
+    const lastIndex = children.length - 1;
+    let shouldSort = node.zIndex !== 0;
+
+    if (shouldSort === false && lastIndex > 0) {
+      // If the new node has zIndex 0, we check if any existing children have (had) non-zero zIndex.
+      // Since children are sorted, we only need to check the first and the last (before the new one).
+      // The new node is at `lastIndex`. The previous last node is at `lastIndex - 1`.
+      const first = children[0]!;
+      const last = children[lastIndex - 1]!;
+      shouldSort = first.zIndex !== 0 || last.zIndex !== 0;
+    }
+
+    if (shouldSort) {
+      this.setUpdateType(UpdateType.SortZIndexChildren);
+    }
+    this.setUpdateType(UpdateType.Children);
+    this.stage.requestRenderListUpdate();
+  }
+
+  //#region Properties
+  get id(): number {
+    return this._id;
+  }
+
+  get data(): CustomDataMap | undefined {
+    return this.props.data;
+  }
+
+  set data(d: CustomDataMap | undefined) {
+    this.props.data = d;
+  }
+
+  get x(): number {
+    return this.props.x;
+  }
+
+  set x(value: number) {
+    if (this.props.x !== value) {
+      this.props.x = value;
+      this.setUpdateType(UpdateType.Local);
+    }
+  }
+
+  get absX(): number {
+    return (
+      this.props.x +
+      -this.props.w * this.props.mountX +
+      (this.props.parent?.absX || this.props.parent?.globalTransform?.tx || 0)
+    );
+  }
+
+  get absY(): number {
+    return (
+      this.props.y +
+      -this.props.h * this.props.mountY +
+      (this.props.parent?.absY ?? 0)
+    );
+  }
+
+  get y(): number {
+    return this.props.y;
+  }
+
+  set y(value: number) {
+    if (this.props.y !== value) {
+      this.props.y = value;
+      this.setUpdateType(UpdateType.Local);
+    }
+  }
+
+  get w(): number {
+    return this.props.w;
+  }
+
+  set w(value: number) {
+    const props = this.props;
+    if (props.w !== value) {
+      props.w = value;
+      let updateType = UpdateType.Local;
+
+      if (
+        props.texture !== null &&
+        this.stage.calculateTextureCoord === true &&
+        props.textureOptions !== null
+      ) {
+        this.textureCoords = this.stage.renderer.getTextureCoords!(this);
+      }
+
+      if (props.rtt === true) {
+        this.framebufferDimensions!.w = value;
+        this.texture = this.stage.txManager.createTexture(
+          'RenderTexture',
+          this.framebufferDimensions!,
+        );
+        updateType |= UpdateType.RenderTexture;
+      }
+      this.setUpdateType(updateType);
+    }
+  }
+
+  get h(): number {
+    return this.props.h;
+  }
+
+  set h(value: number) {
+    const props = this.props;
+    if (props.h !== value) {
+      props.h = value;
+      let updateType = UpdateType.Local;
+
+      if (
+        props.texture !== null &&
+        this.stage.calculateTextureCoord === true &&
+        props.textureOptions !== null
+      ) {
+        this.textureCoords = this.stage.renderer.getTextureCoords!(this);
+      }
+
+      if (props.rtt === true) {
+        this.framebufferDimensions!.h = value;
+        this.texture = this.stage.txManager.createTexture(
+          'RenderTexture',
+          this.framebufferDimensions!,
+        );
+        updateType |= UpdateType.RenderTexture;
+      }
+      this.setUpdateType(updateType);
+    }
+  }
+
+  get scale(): number {
+    // The CoreNode `scale` property is only used by Animations.
+    // Unlike INode, `null` should never be possibility for Animations.
+    return this.scaleX;
+  }
+
+  set scale(value: number) {
+    // The CoreNode `scale` property is only used by Animations.
+    // Unlike INode, `null` should never be possibility for Animations.
+    this.scaleX = value;
+    this.scaleY = value;
+    this.updateIsSimple();
+  }
+
+  get scaleX(): number {
+    return this.props.scaleX;
+  }
+
+  set scaleX(value: number) {
+    if (this.props.scaleX !== value) {
+      this.props.scaleX = value;
+      this.setUpdateType(UpdateType.Local);
+      this.updateIsSimple();
+    }
+  }
+
+  get scaleY(): number {
+    return this.props.scaleY;
+  }
+
+  set scaleY(value: number) {
+    if (this.props.scaleY !== value) {
+      this.props.scaleY = value;
+      this.setUpdateType(UpdateType.Local);
+      this.updateIsSimple();
+    }
+  }
+
+  get mount(): number {
+    return this.props.mount;
+  }
+
+  set mount(value: number) {
+    if (this.props.mountX !== value || this.props.mountY !== value) {
+      this.props.mountX = value;
+      this.props.mountY = value;
+      this.props.mount = value;
+      this.setUpdateType(UpdateType.Local);
+      this.updateIsSimple();
+    }
+  }
+
+  get mountX(): number {
+    return this.props.mountX;
+  }
+
+  set mountX(value: number) {
+    if (this.props.mountX !== value) {
+      this.props.mountX = value;
+      this.setUpdateType(UpdateType.Local);
+      this.updateIsSimple();
+    }
+  }
+
+  get mountY(): number {
+    return this.props.mountY;
+  }
+
+  set mountY(value: number) {
+    if (this.props.mountY !== value) {
+      this.props.mountY = value;
+      this.setUpdateType(UpdateType.Local);
+      this.updateIsSimple();
+    }
+  }
+
+  get pivot(): number {
+    return this.props.pivot;
+  }
+
+  set pivot(value: number) {
+    if (this.props.pivotX !== value || this.props.pivotY !== value) {
+      this.props.pivotX = value;
+      this.props.pivotY = value;
+      this.props.pivot = value;
+      this.setUpdateType(UpdateType.Local);
+    }
+  }
+
+  get pivotX(): number {
+    return this.props.pivotX;
+  }
+
+  set pivotX(value: number) {
+    if (this.props.pivotX !== value) {
+      this.props.pivotX = value;
+      this.setUpdateType(UpdateType.Local);
+    }
+  }
+
+  get pivotY(): number {
+    return this.props.pivotY;
+  }
+
+  set pivotY(value: number) {
+    if (this.props.pivotY !== value) {
+      this.props.pivotY = value;
+      this.setUpdateType(UpdateType.Local);
+    }
+  }
+
+  get rotation(): number {
+    return this.props.rotation;
+  }
+
+  set rotation(value: number) {
+    if (this.props.rotation !== value) {
+      this.props.rotation = value;
+      this.setUpdateType(UpdateType.Local);
+      this.updateIsSimple();
+    }
+  }
+
+  get alpha(): number {
+    return this.props.alpha;
+  }
+
+  set alpha(value: number) {
+    this.props.alpha = value;
+    this.setUpdateType(
+      UpdateType.PremultipliedColors |
+        UpdateType.WorldAlpha |
+        UpdateType.Children |
+        UpdateType.IsRenderable,
+    );
+    this.childUpdateType |= UpdateType.WorldAlpha;
+  }
+
+  get autosize(): boolean {
+    return this.props.autosize;
+  }
+
+  set autosize(value: boolean) {
+    if (this.props.autosize === value) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    this.props.autosize = value;
+
+    if (value === true && this.autosizer === null) {
+      this.autosizer = new Autosizer(this);
+    } else {
+      this.autosizer = null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  get boundsMargin(): number | [number, number, number, number] | null {
+    const props = this.props;
+    if (props.boundsMargin !== null) {
+      return props.boundsMargin;
+    }
+
+    const parent = this.parent;
+    if (parent !== null) {
+      const margin = parent.boundsMargin;
+      if (margin !== undefined) {
+        return margin;
+      }
+    }
+
+    return this.stage.boundsMargin;
+  }
+
+  set boundsMargin(value: number | [number, number, number, number] | null) {
+    if (value === this.props.boundsMargin) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (value === null) {
+      this.props.boundsMargin = value;
+    } else {
+      const bm: [number, number, number, number] = Array.isArray(value)
+        ? value
+        : [value, value, value, value];
+
+      this.props.boundsMargin = bm;
+    }
+    this.setUpdateType(UpdateType.RenderBounds);
+  }
+
+  get clipping(): boolean {
+    return this.props.clipping;
+  }
+
+  set clipping(value: boolean) {
+    this.props.clipping = value;
+    this.setUpdateType(
+      UpdateType.Clipping | UpdateType.RenderBounds | UpdateType.Children,
+    );
+    this.childUpdateType |= UpdateType.Global | UpdateType.Clipping;
+  }
+
+  get color(): number {
+    return this.props.color;
+  }
+
+  set color(value: number) {
+    const p = this.props;
+    if (p.color === value) return;
+
+    p.color = value;
+
+    const has = value > 0;
+
+    if (has !== this.hasColorProps) {
+      this.setUpdateType(UpdateType.IsRenderable);
+    }
+    this.hasColorProps = has;
+
+    if (p.colorTop !== value) this.colorTop = value;
+    if (p.colorBottom !== value) this.colorBottom = value;
+    if (p.colorLeft !== value) this.colorLeft = value;
+    if (p.colorRight !== value) this.colorRight = value;
+
+    this.setUpdateType(UpdateType.PremultipliedColors);
+  }
+
+  get colorTop(): number {
+    return this.props.colorTop;
+  }
+
+  set colorTop(value: number) {
+    if (this.props.colorTl !== value || this.props.colorTr !== value) {
+      this.colorTl = value;
+      this.colorTr = value;
+    }
+    this.props.colorTop = value;
+    this.hasColorProps = value > 0;
+    this.setUpdateType(
+      UpdateType.PremultipliedColors | UpdateType.IsRenderable,
+    );
+  }
+
+  get colorBottom(): number {
+    return this.props.colorBottom;
+  }
+
+  set colorBottom(value: number) {
+    if (this.props.colorBl !== value || this.props.colorBr !== value) {
+      this.colorBl = value;
+      this.colorBr = value;
+    }
+    this.props.colorBottom = value;
+    this.hasColorProps = value > 0;
+    this.setUpdateType(
+      UpdateType.PremultipliedColors | UpdateType.IsRenderable,
+    );
+  }
+
+  get colorLeft(): number {
+    return this.props.colorLeft;
+  }
+
+  set colorLeft(value: number) {
+    if (this.props.colorTl !== value || this.props.colorBl !== value) {
+      this.colorTl = value;
+      this.colorBl = value;
+    }
+    this.props.colorLeft = value;
+    this.hasColorProps = value > 0;
+    this.setUpdateType(
+      UpdateType.PremultipliedColors | UpdateType.IsRenderable,
+    );
+  }
+
+  get colorRight(): number {
+    return this.props.colorRight;
+  }
+
+  set colorRight(value: number) {
+    if (this.props.colorTr !== value || this.props.colorBr !== value) {
+      this.colorTr = value;
+      this.colorBr = value;
+    }
+    this.props.colorRight = value;
+    this.hasColorProps = value > 0;
+    this.setUpdateType(
+      UpdateType.PremultipliedColors | UpdateType.IsRenderable,
+    );
+  }
+
+  get colorTl(): number {
+    return this.props.colorTl;
+  }
+
+  set colorTl(value: number) {
+    this.props.colorTl = value;
+    this.hasColorProps = value > 0;
+    this.setUpdateType(
+      UpdateType.PremultipliedColors | UpdateType.IsRenderable,
+    );
+  }
+
+  get colorTr(): number {
+    return this.props.colorTr;
+  }
+
+  set colorTr(value: number) {
+    this.props.colorTr = value;
+    this.hasColorProps = value > 0;
+    this.setUpdateType(
+      UpdateType.PremultipliedColors | UpdateType.IsRenderable,
+    );
+  }
+
+  get colorBl(): number {
+    return this.props.colorBl;
+  }
+
+  set colorBl(value: number) {
+    this.props.colorBl = value;
+    this.hasColorProps = value > 0;
+    this.setUpdateType(
+      UpdateType.PremultipliedColors | UpdateType.IsRenderable,
+    );
+  }
+
+  get colorBr(): number {
+    return this.props.colorBr;
+  }
+
+  set colorBr(value: number) {
+    this.props.colorBr = value;
+    this.hasColorProps = value > 0;
+    this.setUpdateType(
+      UpdateType.PremultipliedColors | UpdateType.IsRenderable,
+    );
+  }
+
+  get zIndex(): number {
+    return this.props.zIndex;
+  }
+
+  set zIndex(value: number) {
+    let sanitizedValue = value;
+    if (isNaN(sanitizedValue) || Number.isFinite(sanitizedValue) === false) {
+      console.warn(
+        `zIndex was set to an invalid value: ${value}, defaulting to 0`,
+      );
+      sanitizedValue = 0;
+    }
+
+    //Clamp to safe integer range
+    if (sanitizedValue > Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER) {
+      sanitizedValue = 1000;
+    } else if (sanitizedValue < Number.MIN_SAFE_INTEGER) {
+      sanitizedValue = -1000;
+    }
+
+    if (this.props.zIndex === sanitizedValue) {
+      return;
+    }
+    this.props.zIndex = sanitizedValue;
+    const parent = this.parent;
+    if (parent !== null) {
+      parent.setUpdateType(UpdateType.SortZIndexChildren);
+    }
+  }
+
+  get parent(): CoreNode | null {
+    return this.props.parent;
+  }
+
+  set parent(newParent: CoreNode | null) {
+    const oldParent = this.props.parent;
+    if (oldParent === newParent) {
+      return;
+    }
+    this.props.parent = newParent;
+    if (oldParent) {
+      oldParent.removeChild(this, newParent);
+    }
+    if (newParent !== null) {
+      newParent.addChild(this, oldParent);
+    }
+    //since this node has a new parent, recalc global and render bounds
+    this.setUpdateType(UpdateType.Global | UpdateType.RenderBounds);
+  }
+
+  get rtt(): boolean {
+    return this.props.rtt;
+  }
+
+  set rtt(value: boolean) {
+    if (this.props.rtt === value) {
+      return;
+    }
+    this.props.rtt = value;
+
+    if (value === true) {
+      this.initRenderTexture();
+      this.markChildrenWithRTT();
+    } else {
+      this.cleanupRenderTexture();
+    }
+
+    this.setUpdateType(UpdateType.RenderTexture);
+
+    if (this.parentHasRenderTexture === true) {
+      this.notifyParentRTTOfUpdate();
+    }
+  }
+
+  get preventDestroy(): boolean | undefined {
+    return this.props.preventDestroy;
+  }
+
+  set preventDestroy(value: boolean | undefined) {
+    this.props.preventDestroy = value;
+  }
+
+  private initRenderTexture() {
+    this.framebufferDimensions = {
+      w: this.props.w,
+      h: this.props.h,
+    };
+    this.texture = this.stage.txManager.createTexture(
+      'RenderTexture',
+      this.framebufferDimensions,
+    );
+    this.stage.renderer.renderToTexture(this);
+  }
+
+  private cleanupRenderTexture() {
+    this.unloadTexture();
+    this.clearRTTInheritance();
+
+    this.hasRTTupdates = false;
+    this.texture = null;
+    this.framebufferDimensions = null;
+  }
+
+  private markChildrenWithRTT(node: CoreNode | null = null) {
+    const parent = node || this;
+
+    for (const child of parent.children) {
+      child.setUpdateType(UpdateType.All);
+      child.parentHasRenderTexture = true;
+      child.markChildrenWithRTT();
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Apply RTT inheritance when a node has an RTT-enabled parent
+  private applyRTTInheritance(parent: CoreNode) {
+    if (parent.rtt) {
+      // Only the RTT node should be added to `renderToTexture`
+      parent.setUpdateType(UpdateType.RenderTexture);
+    }
+
+    // Propagate `parentHasRenderTexture` downwards
+    this.markChildrenWithRTT(parent);
+  }
+
+  // Clear RTT inheritance when detaching from an RTT chain
+  private clearRTTInheritance() {
+    // if this node is RTT itself stop the propagation important for nested RTT nodes
+    // for the initial RTT node this is already handled in `set rtt`
+    if (this.rtt) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    for (const child of this.children) {
+      // force child to update everything as the RTT inheritance has changed
+      child.parentHasRenderTexture = false;
+      child.rttParent = null;
+      child.setUpdateType(UpdateType.All);
+      child.clearRTTInheritance();
+    }
+  }
+
+  get shader(): CoreShaderNode<any> | null {
+    return this.props.shader;
+  }
+
+  set shader(shader: CoreShaderNode<any> | null) {
+    if (this.props.shader === shader) {
+      return;
+    }
+    if (shader === null) {
+      this.hasShaderUpdater = false;
+      this.props.shader = this.stage.defShaderNode;
+      this.setUpdateType(UpdateType.IsRenderable);
+      return;
+    }
+    if (shader.shaderKey !== 'default') {
+      this.hasShaderUpdater = shader.update !== undefined;
+      this.hasShaderTimeFn = shader.time !== undefined;
+      shader.attachNode(this);
+    }
+
+    if (this.hasShaderTimeFn === true) {
+      this.stage.trackTimedNode(this);
+    } else {
+      this.stage.untrackTimedNode(this);
+    }
+    this.props.shader = shader;
+    this.setUpdateType(UpdateType.IsRenderable | UpdateType.RecalcUniforms);
+  }
+
+  get src(): string | null {
+    return this.props.src;
+  }
+
+  set src(imageUrl: string | null) {
+    if (this.props.src === imageUrl) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    this.props.src = imageUrl;
+
+    if (!imageUrl) {
+      this.texture = null;
+      return;
+    }
+
+    this.texture = this.stage.txManager.createTexture('ImageTexture', {
+      src: imageUrl,
+      w: this.props.w,
+      h: this.props.h,
+      type: this.props.imageType,
+      sx: this.props.srcX,
+      sy: this.props.srcY,
+      sw: this.props.srcWidth,
+      sh: this.props.srcHeight,
+    });
+  }
+
+  set imageType(type: 'regular' | 'compressed' | 'svg' | null) {
+    if (this.props.imageType === type) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    this.props.imageType = type;
+  }
+
+  get imageType() {
+    return this.props.imageType || null;
+  }
+
+  get srcHeight(): number | undefined {
+    return this.props.srcHeight;
+  }
+
+  set srcHeight(value: number) {
+    this.props.srcHeight = value;
+  }
+
+  get srcWidth(): number | undefined {
+    return this.props.srcWidth;
+  }
+
+  set srcWidth(value: number) {
+    this.props.srcWidth = value;
+  }
+
+  get srcX(): number | undefined {
+    return this.props.srcX;
+  }
+
+  set srcX(value: number) {
+    this.props.srcX = value;
+  }
+
+  get srcY(): number | undefined {
+    return this.props.srcY;
+  }
+
+  set srcY(value: number) {
+    this.props.srcY = value;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the framebuffer dimensions of the RTT parent
+   */
+  get parentFramebufferDimensions(): Dimensions | null {
+    if (this.rttParent !== null) {
+      return this.rttParent.framebufferDimensions;
+    }
+    this.rttParent = this.findParentRTTNode();
+    return this.rttParent ? this.rttParent.framebufferDimensions : null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the parent render texture node if it exists.
+   */
+  get parentRenderTexture(): CoreNode | null {
+    let parent = this.parent;
+    while (parent) {
+      if (parent.rtt) {
+        return parent;
+      }
+      parent = parent.parent;
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  get texture(): Texture | null {
+    return this.props.texture;
+  }
+
+  set texture(value: Texture | null) {
+    if (this.props.texture === value) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const oldTexture = this.props.texture;
+    if (oldTexture) {
+      this.unloadTexture();
+      if (this.autosizer !== null && value === null) {
+        this.autosizer.setMode(AutosizeMode.Children); // Set to children size mode
+      }
+    }
+
+    this.textureCoords = undefined;
+    this.props.texture = value;
+    this.textureLoaded = value !== null && value.state === 'loaded';
+
+    if (value !== null) {
+      if (this.autosizer !== null) {
+        this.autosizer.setMode(AutosizeMode.Texture); // Set to texture size mode
+      }
+      value.setRenderableOwner(this._id, this.isRenderable);
+      this.loadTexture();
+    }
+
+    this.setUpdateType(UpdateType.IsRenderable);
+    this.updateIsSimple();
+  }
+
+  set textureOptions(value: TextureOptions) {
+    this.props.textureOptions = value;
+    if (this.stage.calculateTextureCoord === true && value !== null) {
+      this.textureCoords = this.stage.renderer.getTextureCoords!(this);
+    }
+    this.updateIsSimple();
+  }
+
+  get textureOptions(): TextureOptions {
+    return this.props.textureOptions;
+  }
+
+  set interactive(value: boolean | undefined) {
+    this.props.interactive = value;
+    // Update Stage's interactive Set
+    if (value === true) {
+      this.stage.interactiveNodes.add(this);
+    }
+  }
+
+  get interactive(): boolean | undefined {
+    return this.props.interactive;
+  }
+
+  setRTTUpdates(type: number) {
+    this.hasRTTupdates = true;
+    this.parent?.setRTTUpdates(type);
+  }
+
+  animate(
+    props: Partial<CoreNodeAnimateProps>,
+    settings: Partial<AnimationSettings>,
+  ): IAnimationController {
+    return createAnimation(this.stage.animationManager, this, props, settings);
+  }
+
+  animateProp(
+    name: string,
+    value: number,
+    settings: Partial<AnimationSettings>,
+  ): IAnimationController {
+    const existing = this._animations[name];
+
+    if (existing && existing.settings === settings) {
+      const controller = existing.controller;
+      const values = controller.props ? controller.props[name] : null;
+
+      if (values) {
+        values.start = (this as any)[name] ?? 0;
+        values.target = value;
+        controller.progress = 0;
+        return controller.start();
+      }
+    }
+
+    const animationProps: Partial<CoreNodeAnimateProps> = { [name]: value };
+    const controller = createAnimation(
+      this.stage.animationManager,
+      this,
+      animationProps,
+      settings,
+    );
+    this._animations[name] = { controller, settings };
+    return controller.start();
+  }
+
+  flush() {
+    // no-op
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Add a texture to the current RenderOp.
+   *
+   * @param texture
+   * @returns Assigned Texture Index of the texture in the render op
+   */
+  addTexture(texture: WebGlCtxTexture): number {
+    const textures = this.renderOpTextures;
+    const length = textures.length;
+
+    for (let i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+      if (textures[i] === texture) {
+        return i;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (length >= 1) {
+      return 0xffffffff;
+    }
+
+    textures.push(texture);
+    return length;
+  }
+
+  draw(renderer: WebGlRenderer) {
+    const { glw, options, stage } = renderer;
+    const shader = this.props.shader as any;
+
+    stage.shManager.useShader(shader.program);
+    shader.program.bindRenderOp(this);
+
+    // Clipping
+    if (this.clippingRect.valid === true) {
+      const pixelRatio =
+        USE_RTT && this.parentHasRenderTexture ? 1 : stage.pixelRatio;
+
+      const clipX = Math.round(this.clippingRect.x * pixelRatio);
+      const clipWidth = Math.round(this.clippingRect.width * pixelRatio);
+      const clipHeight = Math.round(this.clippingRect.height * pixelRatio);
+      let clipY = Math.round(
+        options.canvas.height - clipHeight - this.clippingRect.y * pixelRatio,
+      );
+      // if parent has render texture, we need to adjust the scissor rect
+      // to be relative to the parent's framebuffer
+      if (USE_RTT && this.parentHasRenderTexture) {
+        clipY = this.parentFramebufferDimensions
+          ? this.parentFramebufferDimensions.h - this.props.h
+          : 0;
+      }
+
+      glw.setScissorTest(true);
+      glw.scissor(clipX, clipY, clipWidth, clipHeight);
+    } else {
+      glw.setScissorTest(false);
+    }
+
+    const quadIdx = (this.renderOpBufferIdx / 20) * 6 * 2;
+    glw.drawElements(
+      glw.TRIANGLES,
+      6 * this.numQuads,
+      glw.UNSIGNED_SHORT,
+      quadIdx,
+    );
+  }
+
+  //#endregion Properties
+}