wasmtime 19.0.2 → 20.0.0

data/ext/cargo-vendor/wasmtime-19.0.2/src/runtime/component/values.rs

@@ -1,1388 +0,0 @@
-use crate::component::func::{bad_type_info, Lift, LiftContext, Lower, LowerContext};
-use crate::component::types::{self, Type};
-use crate::component::ResourceAny;
-use crate::ValRaw;
-use anyhow::{anyhow, bail, Context, Error, Result};
-use std::collections::HashMap;
-use std::fmt;
-use std::iter;
-use std::mem::MaybeUninit;
-use std::ops::Deref;
-use wasmtime_component_util::{DiscriminantSize, FlagsSize};
-use wasmtime_environ::component::{
-    CanonicalAbiInfo, ComponentTypes, InterfaceType, TypeListIndex, VariantInfo,
-};
-
-/// Dynamic representation of `list<T>` in the component model.
-///
-/// This structure is part of the dynamically-typed [`Val`] which represents
-/// all possible values in the component model. This is often used in
-/// conjunction with [`Func::call`](crate::component::Func::call).
-///
-/// Note that `Vec<T>` is also supported for component model lists when
-/// using [`TypedFunc`](crate::component::TypedFunc).
-#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Clone)]
-pub struct List {
-    ty: types::List,
-    values: Box<[Val]>,
-}
-
-impl List {
-    /// Creates a new list with the specified type with the specified `values`.
-    ///
-    /// # Errors
-    ///
-    /// Returns an error if any value in `values` does not have the element
-    /// type of `ty` specified.
-    pub fn new(ty: &types::List, values: Box<[Val]>) -> Result<Self> {
-        let element_type = ty.ty();
-        for (index, value) in values.iter().enumerate() {
-            element_type
-                .is_supertype_of(value)
-                .with_context(|| format!("type mismatch for element {index} of list"))?;
-        }
-
-        Ok(Self {
-            ty: ty.clone(),
-            values,
-        })
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the corresponding type of this list
-    pub fn ty(&self) -> &types::List {
-        &self.ty
-    }
-}
-
-impl Deref for List {
-    type Target = [Val];
-
-    fn deref(&self) -> &[Val] {
-        &self.values
-    }
-}
-
-impl fmt::Debug for List {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-        let mut f = f.debug_list();
-        for val in self.iter() {
-            f.entry(val);
-        }
-        f.finish()
-    }
-}
-
-/// Dynamic representation of `record` in the component model.
-///
-/// This structure is part of the dynamically-typed [`Val`] which represents
-/// all possible values in the component model. This is often used in
-/// conjunction with [`Func::call`](crate::component::Func::call).
-///
-/// Note that records can also be mapped to Rust `struct`s through the
-/// [`#[derive(ComponentType)]`](macro@crate::component::ComponentType) macro
-/// and using [`TypedFunc`](crate::component::TypedFunc).
-#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Clone)]
-pub struct Record {
-    ty: types::Record,
-    values: Box<[Val]>,
-}
-
-impl Record {
-    /// Creates a new record with the specified `ty` and the `values` for fields.
-    ///
-    /// Note that the `values` specified for fields must list fields in the
-    /// same order that the `ty` lists them in.
-    ///
-    /// # Errors
-    ///
-    /// Returns an error if any of the `values` specified are in the wrong order
-    /// field-wise or have the wrong type relative to what's specified in `ty`.
-    pub fn new<'a>(
-        ty: &types::Record,
-        values: impl IntoIterator<Item = (&'a str, Val)>,
-    ) -> Result<Self> {
-        let mut fields = ty.fields();
-        let expected_len = fields.len();
-        let mut iter = values.into_iter();
-        let mut values = Vec::with_capacity(expected_len);
-        loop {
-            match (fields.next(), iter.next()) {
-                (Some(field), Some((name, value))) => {
-                    if name == field.name {
-                        field
-                            .ty
-                            .is_supertype_of(&value)
-                            .with_context(|| format!("type mismatch for field {name} of record"))?;
-
-                        values.push(value);
-                    } else {
-                        bail!("field name mismatch: expected {}; got {name}", field.name)
-                    }
-                }
-                (None, Some((_, value))) => values.push(value),
-                _ => break,
-            }
-        }
-
-        if values.len() != expected_len {
-            bail!("expected {} value(s); got {}", expected_len, values.len());
-        }
-
-        Ok(Self {
-            ty: ty.clone(),
-            values: values.into(),
-        })
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the corresponding type of this record.
-    pub fn ty(&self) -> &types::Record {
-        &self.ty
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the list of fields that this struct contains with their name
-    /// and value.
-    pub fn fields(&self) -> impl ExactSizeIterator<Item = (&str, &Val)> {
-        assert_eq!(self.values.len(), self.ty.fields().len());
-        self.ty
-            .fields()
-            .zip(self.values.iter())
-            .map(|(ty, val)| (ty.name, val))
-    }
-}
-
-impl fmt::Debug for Record {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-        let mut f = f.debug_struct("Record");
-        for (name, val) in self.fields() {
-            f.field(name, val);
-        }
-        f.finish()
-    }
-}
-
-/// Dynamic representation of `tuple<...>` in the component model.
-///
-/// This structure is part of the dynamically-typed [`Val`] which represents
-/// all possible values in the component model. This is often used in
-/// conjunction with [`Func::call`](crate::component::Func::call).
-///
-/// Note that tuples are also mapped to Rust tuples when using
-/// [`TypedFunc`](crate::component::TypedFunc).
-#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Clone)]
-pub struct Tuple {
-    ty: types::Tuple,
-    values: Box<[Val]>,
-}
-
-impl Tuple {
-    /// Creates a new tuple with the `ty` specified and `values` for each
-    /// entry.
-    ///
-    /// # Errors
-    ///
-    /// Returns an error if `values` does not match the `ty` specified, such as
-    /// if it has the wrong length or if any field has the wrong type.
-    pub fn new(ty: &types::Tuple, values: Box<[Val]>) -> Result<Self> {
-        if values.len() != ty.types().len() {
-            bail!(
-                "expected {} value(s); got {}",
-                ty.types().len(),
-                values.len()
-            );
-        }
-
-        for (index, (value, ty)) in values.iter().zip(ty.types()).enumerate() {
-            ty.is_supertype_of(value)
-                .with_context(|| format!("type mismatch for field {index} of tuple"))?;
-        }
-
-        Ok(Self {
-            ty: ty.clone(),
-            values,
-        })
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the type of this tuple.
-    pub fn ty(&self) -> &types::Tuple {
-        &self.ty
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the list of values that this tuple contains.
-    pub fn values(&self) -> &[Val] {
-        &self.values
-    }
-}
-
-impl fmt::Debug for Tuple {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-        let mut tuple = f.debug_tuple("");
-        for val in self.values() {
-            tuple.field(val);
-        }
-        tuple.finish()
-    }
-}
-
-/// Dynamic representation of `variant` in the component model.
-///
-/// This structure is part of the dynamically-typed [`Val`] which represents
-/// all possible values in the component model. This is often used in
-/// conjunction with [`Func::call`](crate::component::Func::call).
-///
-/// Note that variants can also be mapped to Rust `enum`s through the
-/// [`#[derive(ComponentType)]`](macro@crate::component::ComponentType) macro
-/// and using [`TypedFunc`](crate::component::TypedFunc).
-#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Clone)]
-pub struct Variant {
-    ty: types::Variant,
-    discriminant: u32,
-    value: Option<Box<Val>>,
-}
-
-impl Variant {
-    /// Creates a new variant with the specified `ty` and the case `name` and
-    /// `value` provided.
-    ///
-    /// This will create a instance of a variant with the case `name` which has
-    /// the optional payload of `value`.
-    ///
-    /// # Errors
-    ///
-    /// Returns an error if `name` doesn't match any case of `ty` or if
-    /// `value` is of the wrong type. Note that `ty` must match the payload
-    /// type exactly, in that if the case for `name` doesn't have a type then
-    /// `value` must be `None`.
-    pub fn new(ty: &types::Variant, name: &str, value: Option<Val>) -> Result<Self> {
-        let (discriminant, case_type) = ty
-            .cases()
-            .enumerate()
-            .find_map(|(index, case)| {
-                if case.name == name {
-                    Some((index, case.ty))
-                } else {
-                    None
-                }
-            })
-            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("unknown variant case: {name}"))?;
-
-        typecheck_payload(name, case_type.as_ref(), value.as_ref())?;
-
-        Ok(Self {
-            ty: ty.clone(),
-            discriminant: u32::try_from(discriminant)?,
-            value: value.map(Box::new),
-        })
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the type of this variant.
-    pub fn ty(&self) -> &types::Variant {
-        &self.ty
-    }
-
-    /// Returns name of the discriminant of this value within the variant type.
-    pub fn discriminant(&self) -> &str {
-        self.ty
-            .cases()
-            .nth(self.discriminant as usize)
-            .unwrap()
-            .name
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the payload value for this variant.
-    pub fn payload(&self) -> Option<&Val> {
-        self.value.as_deref()
-    }
-
-    fn as_generic<'a>(
-        &'a self,
-        types: &'a ComponentTypes,
-        ty: InterfaceType,
-    ) -> GenericVariant<'a> {
-        let ty = match ty {
-            InterfaceType::Variant(i) => &types[i],
-            _ => bad_type_info(),
-        };
-        GenericVariant {
-            discriminant: self.discriminant,
-            abi: &ty.abi,
-            info: &ty.info,
-            payload: self
-                .value
-                .as_deref()
-                .zip(ty.cases[self.discriminant as usize].ty),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-fn typecheck_payload(name: &str, case_type: Option<&Type>, value: Option<&Val>) -> Result<()> {
-    match (case_type, value) {
-        (Some(expected), Some(actual)) => expected
-            .is_supertype_of(&actual)
-            .with_context(|| format!("type mismatch for case {name} of variant")),
-        (None, None) => Ok(()),
-        (Some(_), None) => bail!("expected a payload for case `{name}`"),
-        (None, Some(_)) => bail!("did not expect payload for case `{name}`"),
-    }
-}
-
-impl fmt::Debug for Variant {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-        f.debug_tuple(self.discriminant())
-            .field(&self.payload())
-            .finish()
-    }
-}
-
-/// Dynamic representation of `enum` in the component model.
-///
-/// This structure is part of the dynamically-typed [`Val`] which represents
-/// all possible values in the component model. This is often used in
-/// conjunction with [`Func::call`](crate::component::Func::call).
-///
-/// Note that enums can also be mapped to Rust `enum`s through the
-/// [`#[derive(ComponentType)]`](macro@crate::component::ComponentType) macro
-/// and using [`TypedFunc`](crate::component::TypedFunc).
-#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Clone)]
-pub struct Enum {
-    ty: types::Enum,
-    discriminant: u32,
-}
-
-impl Enum {
-    /// Creates a new enum value with the `ty` specified selecting the
-    /// specified variant called `name`.
-    ///
-    /// # Errors
-    ///
-    /// Returns an error if `name` isn't listed within `ty`.
-    pub fn new(ty: &types::Enum, name: &str) -> Result<Self> {
-        let discriminant = u32::try_from(
-            ty.names()
-                .position(|n| n == name)
-                .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("unknown enum case: {name}"))?,
-        )?;
-
-        Ok(Self {
-            ty: ty.clone(),
-            discriminant,
-        })
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the type of this value.
-    pub fn ty(&self) -> &types::Enum {
-        &self.ty
-    }
-
-    /// Returns name of this enum value.
-    pub fn discriminant(&self) -> &str {
-        self.ty.names().nth(self.discriminant as usize).unwrap()
-    }
-
-    fn as_generic<'a>(
-        &'a self,
-        types: &'a ComponentTypes,
-        ty: InterfaceType,
-    ) -> GenericVariant<'a> {
-        let ty = match ty {
-            InterfaceType::Enum(i) => &types[i],
-            _ => bad_type_info(),
-        };
-        GenericVariant {
-            discriminant: self.discriminant,
-            abi: &ty.abi,
-            info: &ty.info,
-            payload: None,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl fmt::Debug for Enum {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-        fmt::Display::fmt(&self.discriminant(), f)
-    }
-}
-
-/// Dynamic representation of `option<T>` in the component model.
-///
-/// This structure is part of the dynamically-typed [`Val`] which represents
-/// all possible values in the component model. This is often used in
-/// conjunction with [`Func::call`](crate::component::Func::call).
-///
-/// Note that options are also mapped to Rust `Option<T>` when using
-/// [`TypedFunc`](crate::component::TypedFunc).
-#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Clone)]
-pub struct OptionVal {
-    ty: types::OptionType,
-    discriminant: u32,
-    value: Option<Box<Val>>,
-}
-
-impl OptionVal {
-    /// Creates a new value with the `ty` specified holding the payload `value`.
-    ///
-    /// # Errors
-    ///
-    /// Returns an error if `value` is `Some` and the payload has the wrong
-    /// type for `ty`.
-    pub fn new(ty: &types::OptionType, value: Option<Val>) -> Result<Self> {
-        let value = value
-            .map(|value| {
-                ty.ty()
-                    .is_supertype_of(&value)
-                    .context("type mismatch for option")?;
-
-                Ok::<_, Error>(value)
-            })
-            .transpose()?;
-
-        Ok(Self {
-            ty: ty.clone(),
-            discriminant: if value.is_none() { 0 } else { 1 },
-            value: value.map(Box::new),
-        })
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the type of this value.
-    pub fn ty(&self) -> &types::OptionType {
-        &self.ty
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the optional value contained within.
-    pub fn value(&self) -> Option<&Val> {
-        self.value.as_deref()
-    }
-
-    fn as_generic<'a>(
-        &'a self,
-        types: &'a ComponentTypes,
-        ty: InterfaceType,
-    ) -> GenericVariant<'a> {
-        let ty = match ty {
-            InterfaceType::Option(i) => &types[i],
-            _ => bad_type_info(),
-        };
-        GenericVariant {
-            discriminant: self.discriminant,
-            abi: &ty.abi,
-            info: &ty.info,
-            payload: self.value.as_deref().zip(Some(ty.ty)),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl fmt::Debug for OptionVal {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-        self.value().fmt(f)
-    }
-}
-
-/// Dynamic representation of `result<T, E>` in the component model.
-///
-/// This structure is part of the dynamically-typed [`Val`] which represents
-/// all possible values in the component model. This is often used in
-/// conjunction with [`Func::call`](crate::component::Func::call).
-///
-/// Note that tuples are also mapped to Rust's `Result<T, E>` when using
-/// [`TypedFunc`](crate::component::TypedFunc).
-#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Clone)]
-pub struct ResultVal {
-    ty: types::ResultType,
-    discriminant: u32,
-    value: Option<Box<Val>>,
-}
-
-impl ResultVal {
-    /// Creates a new `Result` from the specified `ty` and `value`.
-    ///
-    /// Note that the `value` uses `Option<Val>` for payloads to map to the
-    /// optional payload value of the component model within each variant.
-    ///
-    /// # Errors
-    ///
-    /// Returns an error if the `value` payload has the wrong type for `ty`.
-    pub fn new(ty: &types::ResultType, value: Result<Option<Val>, Option<Val>>) -> Result<Self> {
-        Ok(Self {
-            ty: ty.clone(),
-            discriminant: if value.is_ok() { 0 } else { 1 },
-            value: match value {
-                Ok(value) => {
-                    typecheck_payload("ok", ty.ok().as_ref(), value.as_ref())?;
-                    value.map(Box::new)
-                }
-                Err(value) => {
-                    typecheck_payload("err", ty.err().as_ref(), value.as_ref())?;
-                    value.map(Box::new)
-                }
-            },
-        })
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the type of this value.
-    pub fn ty(&self) -> &types::ResultType {
-        &self.ty
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the result value contained within.
-    pub fn value(&self) -> Result<Option<&Val>, Option<&Val>> {
-        if self.discriminant == 0 {
-            Ok(self.value.as_deref())
-        } else {
-            Err(self.value.as_deref())
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn as_generic<'a>(
-        &'a self,
-        types: &'a ComponentTypes,
-        ty: InterfaceType,
-    ) -> GenericVariant<'a> {
-        let ty = match ty {
-            InterfaceType::Result(i) => &types[i],
-            _ => bad_type_info(),
-        };
-        GenericVariant {
-            discriminant: self.discriminant,
-            abi: &ty.abi,
-            info: &ty.info,
-            payload: self.value.as_deref().zip(if self.discriminant == 0 {
-                ty.ok
-            } else {
-                ty.err
-            }),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl fmt::Debug for ResultVal {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-        self.value().fmt(f)
-    }
-}
-
-/// Dynamic representation of `flags` in the component model.
-///
-/// This structure is part of the dynamically-typed [`Val`] which represents
-/// all possible values in the component model. This is often used in
-/// conjunction with [`Func::call`](crate::component::Func::call).
-///
-/// Note that flags can also be mapped to Rust structures through the
-/// [`flags!`](crate::component::flags) macro and using
-/// [`TypedFunc`](crate::component::TypedFunc).
-#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Clone)]
-pub struct Flags {
-    ty: types::Flags,
-    count: u32,
-    value: Box<[u32]>,
-}
-
-impl Flags {
-    /// Creates a new set of flags with the `ty` specified and the `names` as
-    /// members of the flags.
-    ///
-    /// # Errors
-    ///
-    /// An error is returned if any of `names` aren't present within the `ty`
-    /// specified.
-    pub fn new(ty: &types::Flags, names: &[&str]) -> Result<Self> {
-        let map = ty
-            .names()
-            .enumerate()
-            .map(|(index, name)| (name, index))
-            .collect::<HashMap<_, _>>();
-
-        let count = usize::from(ty.canonical_abi().flat_count.unwrap());
-        let mut values = vec![0_u32; count];
-
-        for name in names {
-            let index = map
-                .get(name)
-                .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("unknown flag: {name}"))?;
-            values[index / 32] |= 1 << (index % 32);
-        }
-
-        Ok(Self {
-            ty: ty.clone(),
-            count: u32::try_from(map.len())?,
-            value: values.into(),
-        })
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the type of this value.
-    pub fn ty(&self) -> &types::Flags {
-        &self.ty
-    }
-
-    /// Returns an iterator over the set of names that this flags set contains.
-    pub fn flags(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &str> {
-        (0..self.count).filter_map(|i| {
-            let (idx, bit) = ((i / 32) as usize, i % 32);
-            if self.value[idx] & (1 << bit) != 0 {
-                Some(self.ty.names().nth(i as usize).unwrap())
-            } else {
-                None
-            }
-        })
-    }
-}
-
-impl fmt::Debug for Flags {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-        let mut set = f.debug_set();
-        for flag in self.flags() {
-            set.entry(&flag);
-        }
-        set.finish()
-    }
-}
-
-/// Represents possible runtime values which a component function can either
-/// consume or produce
-///
-/// This is a dynamic representation of possible values in the component model.
-/// Note that this is not an efficient representation but is instead intended to
-/// be a flexible and somewhat convenient representation. The most efficient
-/// representation of component model types is to use the `bindgen!` macro to
-/// generate native Rust types with specialized liftings and lowerings.
-///
-/// This type is used in conjunction with [`Func::call`] for example if the
-/// signature of a component is not statically known ahead of time.
-///
-/// # Notes on Equality
-///
-/// This type implements both the Rust `PartialEq` and `Eq` traits. This type
-/// additionally contains values which are not necessarily easily equated,
-/// however, such as floats (`Float32` and `Float64`) and resources. Equality
-/// does require that two values have the same type, and then these cases are
-/// handled as:
-///
-/// * Floats are tested if they are "semantically the same" meaning all NaN
-///   values are equal to all other NaN values. Additionally zero values must be
-///   exactly the same, so positive zero is not equal to negative zero. The
-///   primary use case at this time is fuzzing-related equality which this is
-///   sufficient for.
-///
-/// * Resources are tested if their types and indices into the host table are
-///   equal. This does not compare the underlying representation so borrows of
-///   the same guest resource are not considered equal. This additionally
-///   doesn't go further and test for equality in the guest itself (for example
-///   two different heap allocations of `Box<u32>` can be equal in normal Rust
-///   if they contain the same value, but will never be considered equal when
-///   compared as `Val::Resource`s).
-///
-/// In general if a strict guarantee about equality is required here it's
-/// recommended to "build your own" as this equality intended for fuzzing
-/// Wasmtime may not be suitable for you.
-///
-/// [`Func::call`]: crate::component::Func::call
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-#[allow(missing_docs)]
-pub enum Val {
-    Bool(bool),
-    S8(i8),
-    U8(u8),
-    S16(i16),
-    U16(u16),
-    S32(i32),
-    U32(u32),
-    S64(i64),
-    U64(u64),
-    Float32(f32),
-    Float64(f64),
-    Char(char),
-    String(Box<str>),
-    List(List),
-    Record(Record),
-    Tuple(Tuple),
-    Variant(Variant),
-    Enum(Enum),
-    Option(OptionVal),
-    Result(ResultVal),
-    Flags(Flags),
-    Resource(ResourceAny),
-}
-
-impl Val {
-    /// Retrieve the [`Type`] of this value.
-    pub fn ty(&self) -> Type {
-        match self {
-            Val::Bool(_) => Type::Bool,
-            Val::S8(_) => Type::S8,
-            Val::U8(_) => Type::U8,
-            Val::S16(_) => Type::S16,
-            Val::U16(_) => Type::U16,
-            Val::S32(_) => Type::S32,
-            Val::U32(_) => Type::U32,
-            Val::S64(_) => Type::S64,
-            Val::U64(_) => Type::U64,
-            Val::Float32(_) => Type::Float32,
-            Val::Float64(_) => Type::Float64,
-            Val::Char(_) => Type::Char,
-            Val::String(_) => Type::String,
-            Val::List(List { ty, .. }) => Type::List(ty.clone()),
-            Val::Record(Record { ty, .. }) => Type::Record(ty.clone()),
-            Val::Tuple(Tuple { ty, .. }) => Type::Tuple(ty.clone()),
-            Val::Variant(Variant { ty, .. }) => Type::Variant(ty.clone()),
-            Val::Enum(Enum { ty, .. }) => Type::Enum(ty.clone()),
-            Val::Option(OptionVal { ty, .. }) => Type::Option(ty.clone()),
-            Val::Result(ResultVal { ty, .. }) => Type::Result(ty.clone()),
-            Val::Flags(Flags { ty, .. }) => Type::Flags(ty.clone()),
-            Val::Resource(r) => {
-                if r.owned() {
-                    Type::Own(r.ty())
-                } else {
-                    Type::Borrow(r.ty())
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Deserialize a value of this type from core Wasm stack values.
-    pub(crate) fn lift(
-        cx: &mut LiftContext<'_>,
-        ty: InterfaceType,
-        src: &mut std::slice::Iter<'_, ValRaw>,
-    ) -> Result<Val> {
-        Ok(match ty {
-            InterfaceType::Bool => Val::Bool(bool::lift(cx, ty, next(src))?),
-            InterfaceType::S8 => Val::S8(i8::lift(cx, ty, next(src))?),
-            InterfaceType::U8 => Val::U8(u8::lift(cx, ty, next(src))?),
-            InterfaceType::S16 => Val::S16(i16::lift(cx, ty, next(src))?),
-            InterfaceType::U16 => Val::U16(u16::lift(cx, ty, next(src))?),
-            InterfaceType::S32 => Val::S32(i32::lift(cx, ty, next(src))?),
-            InterfaceType::U32 => Val::U32(u32::lift(cx, ty, next(src))?),
-            InterfaceType::S64 => Val::S64(i64::lift(cx, ty, next(src))?),
-            InterfaceType::U64 => Val::U64(u64::lift(cx, ty, next(src))?),
-            InterfaceType::Float32 => Val::Float32(f32::lift(cx, ty, next(src))?),
-            InterfaceType::Float64 => Val::Float64(f64::lift(cx, ty, next(src))?),
-            InterfaceType::Char => Val::Char(char::lift(cx, ty, next(src))?),
-            InterfaceType::Own(_) | InterfaceType::Borrow(_) => {
-                Val::Resource(ResourceAny::lift(cx, ty, next(src))?)
-            }
-            InterfaceType::String => {
-                Val::String(Box::<str>::lift(cx, ty, &[*next(src), *next(src)])?)
-            }
-            InterfaceType::List(i) => {
-                // FIXME: needs memory64 treatment
-                let ptr = u32::lift(cx, InterfaceType::U32, next(src))? as usize;
-                let len = u32::lift(cx, InterfaceType::U32, next(src))? as usize;
-                load_list(cx, i, ptr, len)?
-            }
-            InterfaceType::Record(i) => Val::Record(Record {
-                ty: types::Record::from(i, &cx.instance_type()),
-                values: cx.types[i]
-                    .fields
-                    .iter()
-                    .map(|field| Self::lift(cx, field.ty, src))
-                    .collect::<Result<_>>()?,
-            }),
-            InterfaceType::Tuple(i) => Val::Tuple(Tuple {
-                ty: types::Tuple::from(i, &cx.instance_type()),
-                values: cx.types[i]
-                    .types
-                    .iter()
-                    .map(|ty| Self::lift(cx, *ty, src))
-                    .collect::<Result<_>>()?,
-            }),
-            InterfaceType::Variant(i) => {
-                let (discriminant, value) = lift_variant(
-                    cx,
-                    cx.types.canonical_abi(&ty).flat_count(usize::MAX).unwrap(),
-                    cx.types[i].cases.iter().map(|case| case.ty),
-                    src,
-                )?;
-
-                Val::Variant(Variant {
-                    ty: types::Variant::from(i, &cx.instance_type()),
-                    discriminant,
-                    value,
-                })
-            }
-            InterfaceType::Enum(i) => {
-                let (discriminant, _) = lift_variant(
-                    cx,
-                    cx.types.canonical_abi(&ty).flat_count(usize::MAX).unwrap(),
-                    cx.types[i].names.iter().map(|_| None),
-                    src,
-                )?;
-
-                Val::Enum(Enum {
-                    ty: types::Enum::from(i, &cx.instance_type()),
-                    discriminant,
-                })
-            }
-            InterfaceType::Option(i) => {
-                let (discriminant, value) = lift_variant(
-                    cx,
-                    cx.types.canonical_abi(&ty).flat_count(usize::MAX).unwrap(),
-                    [None, Some(cx.types[i].ty)].into_iter(),
-                    src,
-                )?;
-
-                Val::Option(OptionVal {
-                    ty: types::OptionType::from(i, &cx.instance_type()),
-                    discriminant,
-                    value,
-                })
-            }
-            InterfaceType::Result(i) => {
-                let result_ty = &cx.types[i];
-                let (discriminant, value) = lift_variant(
-                    cx,
-                    cx.types.canonical_abi(&ty).flat_count(usize::MAX).unwrap(),
-                    [result_ty.ok, result_ty.err].into_iter(),
-                    src,
-                )?;
-
-                Val::Result(ResultVal {
-                    ty: types::ResultType::from(i, &cx.instance_type()),
-                    discriminant,
-                    value,
-                })
-            }
-            InterfaceType::Flags(i) => {
-                let count = u32::try_from(cx.types[i].names.len()).unwrap();
-                let u32_count = cx.types.canonical_abi(&ty).flat_count(usize::MAX).unwrap();
-                let value = iter::repeat_with(|| u32::lift(cx, InterfaceType::U32, next(src)))
-                    .take(u32_count)
-                    .collect::<Result<_>>()?;
-
-                Val::Flags(Flags {
-                    ty: types::Flags::from(i, &cx.instance_type()),
-                    count,
-                    value,
-                })
-            }
-        })
-    }
-
-    /// Deserialize a value of this type from the heap.
-    pub(crate) fn load(cx: &mut LiftContext<'_>, ty: InterfaceType, bytes: &[u8]) -> Result<Val> {
-        Ok(match ty {
-            InterfaceType::Bool => Val::Bool(bool::load(cx, ty, bytes)?),
-            InterfaceType::S8 => Val::S8(i8::load(cx, ty, bytes)?),
-            InterfaceType::U8 => Val::U8(u8::load(cx, ty, bytes)?),
-            InterfaceType::S16 => Val::S16(i16::load(cx, ty, bytes)?),
-            InterfaceType::U16 => Val::U16(u16::load(cx, ty, bytes)?),
-            InterfaceType::S32 => Val::S32(i32::load(cx, ty, bytes)?),
-            InterfaceType::U32 => Val::U32(u32::load(cx, ty, bytes)?),
-            InterfaceType::S64 => Val::S64(i64::load(cx, ty, bytes)?),
-            InterfaceType::U64 => Val::U64(u64::load(cx, ty, bytes)?),
-            InterfaceType::Float32 => Val::Float32(f32::load(cx, ty, bytes)?),
-            InterfaceType::Float64 => Val::Float64(f64::load(cx, ty, bytes)?),
-            InterfaceType::Char => Val::Char(char::load(cx, ty, bytes)?),
-            InterfaceType::String => Val::String(<Box<str>>::load(cx, ty, bytes)?),
-            InterfaceType::Own(_) | InterfaceType::Borrow(_) => {
-                Val::Resource(ResourceAny::load(cx, ty, bytes)?)
-            }
-            InterfaceType::List(i) => {
-                // FIXME: needs memory64 treatment
-                let ptr = u32::from_le_bytes(bytes[..4].try_into().unwrap()) as usize;
-                let len = u32::from_le_bytes(bytes[4..].try_into().unwrap()) as usize;
-                load_list(cx, i, ptr, len)?
-            }
-
-            InterfaceType::Record(i) => Val::Record(Record {
-                ty: types::Record::from(i, &cx.instance_type()),
-                values: load_record(cx, cx.types[i].fields.iter().map(|field| field.ty), bytes)?,
-            }),
-            InterfaceType::Tuple(i) => Val::Tuple(Tuple {
-                ty: types::Tuple::from(i, &cx.instance_type()),
-                values: load_record(cx, cx.types[i].types.iter().copied(), bytes)?,
-            }),
-            InterfaceType::Variant(i) => {
-                let ty = &cx.types[i];
-                let (discriminant, value) =
-                    load_variant(cx, &ty.info, ty.cases.iter().map(|case| case.ty), bytes)?;
-
-                Val::Variant(Variant {
-                    ty: types::Variant::from(i, &cx.instance_type()),
-                    discriminant,
-                    value,
-                })
-            }
-            InterfaceType::Enum(i) => {
-                let ty = &cx.types[i];
-                let (discriminant, _) =
-                    load_variant(cx, &ty.info, ty.names.iter().map(|_| None), bytes)?;
-
-                Val::Enum(Enum {
-                    ty: types::Enum::from(i, &cx.instance_type()),
-                    discriminant,
-                })
-            }
-            InterfaceType::Option(i) => {
-                let ty = &cx.types[i];
-                let (discriminant, value) =
-                    load_variant(cx, &ty.info, [None, Some(ty.ty)].into_iter(), bytes)?;
-
-                Val::Option(OptionVal {
-                    ty: types::OptionType::from(i, &cx.instance_type()),
-                    discriminant,
-                    value,
-                })
-            }
-            InterfaceType::Result(i) => {
-                let ty = &cx.types[i];
-                let (discriminant, value) =
-                    load_variant(cx, &ty.info, [ty.ok, ty.err].into_iter(), bytes)?;
-
-                Val::Result(ResultVal {
-                    ty: types::ResultType::from(i, &cx.instance_type()),
-                    discriminant,
-                    value,
-                })
-            }
-            InterfaceType::Flags(i) => Val::Flags(Flags {
-                ty: types::Flags::from(i, &cx.instance_type()),
-                count: u32::try_from(cx.types[i].names.len())?,
-                value: match FlagsSize::from_count(cx.types[i].names.len()) {
-                    FlagsSize::Size0 => Box::new([]),
-                    FlagsSize::Size1 => {
-                        iter::once(u8::load(cx, InterfaceType::U8, bytes)?.into()).collect()
-                    }
-                    FlagsSize::Size2 => {
-                        iter::once(u16::load(cx, InterfaceType::U16, bytes)?.into()).collect()
-                    }
-                    FlagsSize::Size4Plus(n) => (0..n)
-                        .map(|index| {
-                            u32::load(
-                                cx,
-                                InterfaceType::U32,
-                                &bytes[usize::from(index) * 4..][..4],
-                            )
-                        })
-                        .collect::<Result<_>>()?,
-                },
-            }),
-        })
-    }
-
-    /// Serialize this value as core Wasm stack values.
-    pub(crate) fn lower<T>(
-        &self,
-        cx: &mut LowerContext<'_, T>,
-        ty: InterfaceType,
-        dst: &mut std::slice::IterMut<'_, MaybeUninit<ValRaw>>,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        match self {
-            Val::Bool(value) => value.lower(cx, ty, next_mut(dst))?,
-            Val::S8(value) => value.lower(cx, ty, next_mut(dst))?,
-            Val::U8(value) => value.lower(cx, ty, next_mut(dst))?,
-            Val::S16(value) => value.lower(cx, ty, next_mut(dst))?,
-            Val::U16(value) => value.lower(cx, ty, next_mut(dst))?,
-            Val::S32(value) => value.lower(cx, ty, next_mut(dst))?,
-            Val::U32(value) => value.lower(cx, ty, next_mut(dst))?,
-            Val::S64(value) => value.lower(cx, ty, next_mut(dst))?,
-            Val::U64(value) => value.lower(cx, ty, next_mut(dst))?,
-            Val::Float32(value) => value.lower(cx, ty, next_mut(dst))?,
-            Val::Float64(value) => value.lower(cx, ty, next_mut(dst))?,
-            Val::Char(value) => value.lower(cx, ty, next_mut(dst))?,
-            Val::Resource(value) => value.lower(cx, ty, next_mut(dst))?,
-            Val::String(value) => {
-                let my_dst = &mut MaybeUninit::<[ValRaw; 2]>::uninit();
-                value.lower(cx, ty, my_dst)?;
-                let my_dst = unsafe { my_dst.assume_init() };
-                next_mut(dst).write(my_dst[0]);
-                next_mut(dst).write(my_dst[1]);
-            }
-            Val::List(List { values, .. }) => {
-                let ty = match ty {
-                    InterfaceType::List(i) => &cx.types[i],
-                    _ => bad_type_info(),
-                };
-                let (ptr, len) = lower_list(cx, ty.element, values)?;
-                next_mut(dst).write(ValRaw::i64(ptr as i64));
-                next_mut(dst).write(ValRaw::i64(len as i64));
-            }
-            Val::Record(Record { values, .. }) => {
-                let ty = match ty {
-                    InterfaceType::Record(i) => &cx.types[i],
-                    _ => bad_type_info(),
-                };
-                for (value, field) in values.iter().zip(ty.fields.iter()) {
-                    value.lower(cx, field.ty, dst)?;
-                }
-            }
-            Val::Tuple(Tuple { values, .. }) => {
-                let ty = match ty {
-                    InterfaceType::Tuple(i) => &cx.types[i],
-                    _ => bad_type_info(),
-                };
-                for (value, ty) in values.iter().zip(ty.types.iter()) {
-                    value.lower(cx, *ty, dst)?;
-                }
-            }
-            Val::Variant(v) => v.as_generic(cx.types, ty).lower(cx, dst)?,
-            Val::Option(v) => v.as_generic(cx.types, ty).lower(cx, dst)?,
-            Val::Result(v) => v.as_generic(cx.types, ty).lower(cx, dst)?,
-            Val::Enum(Enum { discriminant, .. }) => {
-                next_mut(dst).write(ValRaw::u32(*discriminant));
-            }
-            Val::Flags(Flags { value, .. }) => {
-                for value in value.deref() {
-                    next_mut(dst).write(ValRaw::u32(*value));
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// Serialize this value to the heap at the specified memory location.
-    pub(crate) fn store<T>(
-        &self,
-        cx: &mut LowerContext<'_, T>,
-        ty: InterfaceType,
-        offset: usize,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        debug_assert!(offset % usize::try_from(cx.types.canonical_abi(&ty).align32)? == 0);
-
-        match self {
-            Val::Bool(value) => value.store(cx, ty, offset)?,
-            Val::U8(value) => value.store(cx, ty, offset)?,
-            Val::S8(value) => value.store(cx, ty, offset)?,
-            Val::U16(value) => value.store(cx, ty, offset)?,
-            Val::S16(value) => value.store(cx, ty, offset)?,
-            Val::U32(value) => value.store(cx, ty, offset)?,
-            Val::S32(value) => value.store(cx, ty, offset)?,
-            Val::U64(value) => value.store(cx, ty, offset)?,
-            Val::S64(value) => value.store(cx, ty, offset)?,
-            Val::Float32(value) => value.store(cx, ty, offset)?,
-            Val::Float64(value) => value.store(cx, ty, offset)?,
-            Val::Char(value) => value.store(cx, ty, offset)?,
-            Val::String(value) => value.store(cx, ty, offset)?,
-            Val::Resource(value) => value.store(cx, ty, offset)?,
-            Val::List(List { values, .. }) => {
-                let ty = match ty {
-                    InterfaceType::List(i) => &cx.types[i],
-                    _ => bad_type_info(),
-                };
-                let (ptr, len) = lower_list(cx, ty.element, values)?;
-                // FIXME: needs memory64 handling
-                *cx.get(offset + 0) = (ptr as i32).to_le_bytes();
-                *cx.get(offset + 4) = (len as i32).to_le_bytes();
-            }
-            Val::Record(Record { values, .. }) => {
-                let ty = match ty {
-                    InterfaceType::Record(i) => &cx.types[i],
-                    _ => bad_type_info(),
-                };
-                let mut offset = offset;
-                for (value, field) in values.iter().zip(ty.fields.iter()) {
-                    value.store(
-                        cx,
-                        field.ty,
-                        cx.types
-                            .canonical_abi(&field.ty)
-                            .next_field32_size(&mut offset),
-                    )?;
-                }
-            }
-            Val::Tuple(Tuple { values, .. }) => {
-                let ty = match ty {
-                    InterfaceType::Tuple(i) => &cx.types[i],
-                    _ => bad_type_info(),
-                };
-                let mut offset = offset;
-                for (value, ty) in values.iter().zip(ty.types.iter()) {
-                    value.store(
-                        cx,
-                        *ty,
-                        cx.types.canonical_abi(ty).next_field32_size(&mut offset),
-                    )?;
-                }
-            }
-
-            Val::Variant(v) => v.as_generic(cx.types, ty).store(cx, offset)?,
-            Val::Enum(v) => v.as_generic(cx.types, ty).store(cx, offset)?,
-            Val::Option(v) => v.as_generic(cx.types, ty).store(cx, offset)?,
-            Val::Result(v) => v.as_generic(cx.types, ty).store(cx, offset)?,
-
-            Val::Flags(Flags { count, value, .. }) => {
-                match FlagsSize::from_count(*count as usize) {
-                    FlagsSize::Size0 => {}
-                    FlagsSize::Size1 => {
-                        u8::try_from(value[0])
-                            .unwrap()
-                            .store(cx, InterfaceType::U8, offset)?
-                    }
-                    FlagsSize::Size2 => {
-                        u16::try_from(value[0])
-                            .unwrap()
-                            .store(cx, InterfaceType::U16, offset)?
-                    }
-                    FlagsSize::Size4Plus(_) => {
-                        let mut offset = offset;
-                        for value in value.deref() {
-                            value.store(cx, InterfaceType::U32, offset)?;
-                            offset += 4;
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-impl PartialEq for Val {
-    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
-        match (self, other) {
-            // IEEE 754 equality considers NaN inequal to NaN and negative zero
-            // equal to positive zero, however we do the opposite here, because
-            // this logic is used by testing and fuzzing, which want to know
-            // whether two values are semantically the same, rather than
-            // numerically equal.
-            (Self::Float32(l), Self::Float32(r)) => {
-                (*l != 0.0 && l == r)
-                    || (*l == 0.0 && l.to_bits() == r.to_bits())
-                    || (l.is_nan() && r.is_nan())
-            }
-            (Self::Float32(_), _) => false,
-            (Self::Float64(l), Self::Float64(r)) => {
-                (*l != 0.0 && l == r)
-                    || (*l == 0.0 && l.to_bits() == r.to_bits())
-                    || (l.is_nan() && r.is_nan())
-            }
-            (Self::Float64(_), _) => false,
-
-            (Self::Bool(l), Self::Bool(r)) => l == r,
-            (Self::Bool(_), _) => false,
-            (Self::S8(l), Self::S8(r)) => l == r,
-            (Self::S8(_), _) => false,
-            (Self::U8(l), Self::U8(r)) => l == r,
-            (Self::U8(_), _) => false,
-            (Self::S16(l), Self::S16(r)) => l == r,
-            (Self::S16(_), _) => false,
-            (Self::U16(l), Self::U16(r)) => l == r,
-            (Self::U16(_), _) => false,
-            (Self::S32(l), Self::S32(r)) => l == r,
-            (Self::S32(_), _) => false,
-            (Self::U32(l), Self::U32(r)) => l == r,
-            (Self::U32(_), _) => false,
-            (Self::S64(l), Self::S64(r)) => l == r,
-            (Self::S64(_), _) => false,
-            (Self::U64(l), Self::U64(r)) => l == r,
-            (Self::U64(_), _) => false,
-            (Self::Char(l), Self::Char(r)) => l == r,
-            (Self::Char(_), _) => false,
-            (Self::String(l), Self::String(r)) => l == r,
-            (Self::String(_), _) => false,
-            (Self::List(l), Self::List(r)) => l == r,
-            (Self::List(_), _) => false,
-            (Self::Record(l), Self::Record(r)) => l == r,
-            (Self::Record(_), _) => false,
-            (Self::Tuple(l), Self::Tuple(r)) => l == r,
-            (Self::Tuple(_), _) => false,
-            (Self::Variant(l), Self::Variant(r)) => l == r,
-            (Self::Variant(_), _) => false,
-            (Self::Enum(l), Self::Enum(r)) => l == r,
-            (Self::Enum(_), _) => false,
-            (Self::Option(l), Self::Option(r)) => l == r,
-            (Self::Option(_), _) => false,
-            (Self::Result(l), Self::Result(r)) => l == r,
-            (Self::Result(_), _) => false,
-            (Self::Flags(l), Self::Flags(r)) => l == r,
-            (Self::Flags(_), _) => false,
-            (Self::Resource(l), Self::Resource(r)) => l == r,
-            (Self::Resource(_), _) => false,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl Eq for Val {}
-
-struct GenericVariant<'a> {
-    discriminant: u32,
-    payload: Option<(&'a Val, InterfaceType)>,
-    abi: &'a CanonicalAbiInfo,
-    info: &'a VariantInfo,
-}
-
-impl GenericVariant<'_> {
-    fn lower<T>(
-        &self,
-        cx: &mut LowerContext<'_, T>,
-        dst: &mut std::slice::IterMut<'_, MaybeUninit<ValRaw>>,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        next_mut(dst).write(ValRaw::u32(self.discriminant));
-
-        // For the remaining lowered representation of this variant that
-        // the payload didn't write we write out zeros here to ensure
-        // the entire variant is written.
-        let value_flat = match self.payload {
-            Some((value, ty)) => {
-                value.lower(cx, ty, dst)?;
-                cx.types.canonical_abi(&ty).flat_count(usize::MAX).unwrap()
-            }
-            None => 0,
-        };
-        let variant_flat = self.abi.flat_count(usize::MAX).unwrap();
-        for _ in (1 + value_flat)..variant_flat {
-            next_mut(dst).write(ValRaw::u64(0));
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn store<T>(&self, cx: &mut LowerContext<'_, T>, offset: usize) -> Result<()> {
-        match self.info.size {
-            DiscriminantSize::Size1 => {
-                u8::try_from(self.discriminant)
-                    .unwrap()
-                    .store(cx, InterfaceType::U8, offset)?
-            }
-            DiscriminantSize::Size2 => {
-                u16::try_from(self.discriminant)
-                    .unwrap()
-                    .store(cx, InterfaceType::U16, offset)?
-            }
-            DiscriminantSize::Size4 => self.discriminant.store(cx, InterfaceType::U32, offset)?,
-        }
-
-        if let Some((value, ty)) = self.payload {
-            let offset = offset + usize::try_from(self.info.payload_offset32).unwrap();
-            value.store(cx, ty, offset)?;
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-fn load_list(cx: &mut LiftContext<'_>, ty: TypeListIndex, ptr: usize, len: usize) -> Result<Val> {
-    let elem = cx.types[ty].element;
-    let abi = cx.types.canonical_abi(&elem);
-    let element_size = usize::try_from(abi.size32).unwrap();
-    let element_alignment = abi.align32;
-
-    match len
-        .checked_mul(element_size)
-        .and_then(|len| ptr.checked_add(len))
-    {
-        Some(n) if n <= cx.memory().len() => {}
-        _ => bail!("list pointer/length out of bounds of memory"),
-    }
-    if ptr % usize::try_from(element_alignment)? != 0 {
-        bail!("list pointer is not aligned")
-    }
-
-    Ok(Val::List(List {
-        ty: types::List::from(ty, &cx.instance_type()),
-        values: (0..len)
-            .map(|index| {
-                Val::load(
-                    cx,
-                    elem,
-                    &cx.memory()[ptr + (index * element_size)..][..element_size],
-                )
-            })
-            .collect::<Result<_>>()?,
-    }))
-}
-
-fn load_record(
-    cx: &mut LiftContext<'_>,
-    types: impl Iterator<Item = InterfaceType>,
-    bytes: &[u8],
-) -> Result<Box<[Val]>> {
-    let mut offset = 0;
-    types
-        .map(|ty| {
-            let abi = cx.types.canonical_abi(&ty);
-            let offset = abi.next_field32(&mut offset);
-            let offset = usize::try_from(offset).unwrap();
-            let size = usize::try_from(abi.size32).unwrap();
-            Val::load(cx, ty, &bytes[offset..][..size])
-        })
-        .collect()
-}
-
-fn load_variant(
-    cx: &mut LiftContext<'_>,
-    info: &VariantInfo,
-    mut types: impl ExactSizeIterator<Item = Option<InterfaceType>>,
-    bytes: &[u8],
-) -> Result<(u32, Option<Box<Val>>)> {
-    let discriminant = match info.size {
-        DiscriminantSize::Size1 => u32::from(u8::load(cx, InterfaceType::U8, &bytes[..1])?),
-        DiscriminantSize::Size2 => u32::from(u16::load(cx, InterfaceType::U16, &bytes[..2])?),
-        DiscriminantSize::Size4 => u32::load(cx, InterfaceType::U32, &bytes[..4])?,
-    };
-    let case_ty = types.nth(discriminant as usize).ok_or_else(|| {
-        anyhow!(
-            "discriminant {} out of range [0..{})",
-            discriminant,
-            types.len()
-        )
-    })?;
-    let value = match case_ty {
-        Some(case_ty) => {
-            let payload_offset = usize::try_from(info.payload_offset32).unwrap();
-            let case_abi = cx.types.canonical_abi(&case_ty);
-            let case_size = usize::try_from(case_abi.size32).unwrap();
-            Some(Box::new(Val::load(
-                cx,
-                case_ty,
-                &bytes[payload_offset..][..case_size],
-            )?))
-        }
-        None => None,
-    };
-    Ok((discriminant, value))
-}
-
-fn lift_variant(
-    cx: &mut LiftContext<'_>,
-    flatten_count: usize,
-    mut types: impl ExactSizeIterator<Item = Option<InterfaceType>>,
-    src: &mut std::slice::Iter<'_, ValRaw>,
-) -> Result<(u32, Option<Box<Val>>)> {
-    let len = types.len();
-    let discriminant = next(src).get_u32();
-    let ty = types
-        .nth(discriminant as usize)
-        .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("discriminant {} out of range [0..{})", discriminant, len))?;
-    let (value, value_flat) = match ty {
-        Some(ty) => (
-            Some(Box::new(Val::lift(cx, ty, src)?)),
-            cx.types.canonical_abi(&ty).flat_count(usize::MAX).unwrap(),
-        ),
-        None => (None, 0),
-    };
-    for _ in (1 + value_flat)..flatten_count {
-        next(src);
-    }
-    Ok((discriminant, value))
-}
-
-/// Lower a list with the specified element type and values.
-fn lower_list<T>(
-    cx: &mut LowerContext<'_, T>,
-    element_type: InterfaceType,
-    items: &[Val],
-) -> Result<(usize, usize)> {
-    let abi = cx.types.canonical_abi(&element_type);
-    let elt_size = usize::try_from(abi.size32)?;
-    let elt_align = abi.align32;
-    let size = items
-        .len()
-        .checked_mul(elt_size)
-        .ok_or_else(|| anyhow::anyhow!("size overflow copying a list"))?;
-    let ptr = cx.realloc(0, 0, elt_align, size)?;
-    let mut element_ptr = ptr;
-    for item in items {
-        item.store(cx, element_type, element_ptr)?;
-        element_ptr += elt_size;
-    }
-    Ok((ptr, items.len()))
-}
-
-fn next<'a>(src: &mut std::slice::Iter<'a, ValRaw>) -> &'a ValRaw {
-    src.next().unwrap()
-}
-
-fn next_mut<'a>(
-    dst: &mut std::slice::IterMut<'a, MaybeUninit<ValRaw>>,
-) -> &'a mut MaybeUninit<ValRaw> {
-    dst.next().unwrap()
-}