wasmtime 19.0.2 → 20.0.0

data/ext/cargo-vendor/winch-codegen-0.18.0/src/masm.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,947 @@
+use crate::abi::{self, align_to, LocalSlot};
+use crate::codegen::{CodeGenContext, FuncEnv, HeapData, TableData};
+use crate::isa::reg::Reg;
+use cranelift_codegen::{
+    binemit::CodeOffset,
+    ir::{Endianness, LibCall, MemFlags, RelSourceLoc, SourceLoc, UserExternalNameRef},
+    Final, MachBufferFinalized, MachLabel,
+};
+use std::{fmt::Debug, ops::Range};
+use wasmtime_environ::PtrSize;
+
+pub(crate) use cranelift_codegen::ir::TrapCode;
+
+#[derive(Eq, PartialEq)]
+pub(crate) enum DivKind {
+    /// Signed division.
+    Signed,
+    /// Unsigned division.
+    Unsigned,
+}
+
+/// Remainder kind.
+pub(crate) enum RemKind {
+    /// Signed remainder.
+    Signed,
+    /// Unsigned remainder.
+    Unsigned,
+}
+
+/// The direction to perform the memory move.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Eq, PartialEq)]
+pub(crate) enum MemMoveDirection {
+    /// From high memory addresses to low memory addresses.
+    /// Invariant: the source location is closer to the FP than the destination
+    /// location, which will be closer to the SP.
+    HighToLow,
+    /// From low memory addresses to high memory addresses.
+    /// Invariant: the source location is closer to the SP than the destination
+    /// location, which will be closer to the FP.
+    LowToHigh,
+}
+
+/// Classifies how to treat float-to-int conversions.
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq)]
+pub(crate) enum TruncKind {
+    /// Saturating conversion. If the source value is greater than the maximum
+    /// value of the destination type, the result is clamped to the
+    /// destination maximum value.
+    Checked,
+    /// An exception is raised if the source value is greater than the maximum
+    /// value of the destination type.
+    Unchecked,
+}
+
+impl TruncKind {
+    /// Returns true if the truncation kind is checked.
+    pub(crate) fn is_checked(&self) -> bool {
+        *self == TruncKind::Checked
+    }
+}
+
+/// Representation of the stack pointer offset.
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Debug, PartialOrd, Ord, Default)]
+pub struct SPOffset(u32);
+
+impl SPOffset {
+    pub fn from_u32(offs: u32) -> Self {
+        Self(offs)
+    }
+
+    pub fn as_u32(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.0
+    }
+}
+
+/// A stack slot.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Eq, PartialEq)]
+pub struct StackSlot {
+    /// The location of the slot, relative to the stack pointer.
+    pub offset: SPOffset,
+    /// The size of the slot, in bytes.
+    pub size: u32,
+}
+
+impl StackSlot {
+    pub fn new(offs: SPOffset, size: u32) -> Self {
+        Self { offset: offs, size }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Kinds of integer binary comparison in WebAssembly. The [`MacroAssembler`]
+/// implementation for each ISA is responsible for emitting the correct
+/// sequence of instructions when lowering to machine code.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Eq, PartialEq)]
+pub(crate) enum IntCmpKind {
+    /// Equal.
+    Eq,
+    /// Not equal.
+    Ne,
+    /// Signed less than.
+    LtS,
+    /// Unsigned less than.
+    LtU,
+    /// Signed greater than.
+    GtS,
+    /// Unsigned greater than.
+    GtU,
+    /// Signed less than or equal.
+    LeS,
+    /// Unsigned less than or equal.
+    LeU,
+    /// Signed greater than or equal.
+    GeS,
+    /// Unsigned greater than or equal.
+    GeU,
+}
+
+/// Kinds of float binary comparison in WebAssembly. The [`MacroAssembler`]
+/// implementation for each ISA is responsible for emitting the correct
+/// sequence of instructions when lowering code.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub(crate) enum FloatCmpKind {
+    /// Equal.
+    Eq,
+    /// Not equal.
+    Ne,
+    /// Less than.
+    Lt,
+    /// Greater than.
+    Gt,
+    /// Less than or equal.
+    Le,
+    /// Greater than or equal.
+    Ge,
+}
+
+/// Kinds of shifts in WebAssembly.The [`masm`] implementation for each ISA is
+/// responsible for emitting the correct sequence of instructions when
+/// lowering to machine code.
+pub(crate) enum ShiftKind {
+    /// Left shift.
+    Shl,
+    /// Signed right shift.
+    ShrS,
+    /// Unsigned right shift.
+    ShrU,
+    /// Left rotate.
+    Rotl,
+    /// Right rotate.
+    Rotr,
+}
+
+/// Kinds of extends in WebAssembly. Each MacroAssembler implementation
+/// is responsible for emitting the correct sequence of instructions when
+/// lowering to machine code.
+pub(crate) enum ExtendKind {
+    /// Sign extends i32 to i64.
+    I64ExtendI32S,
+    /// Zero extends i32 to i64.
+    I64ExtendI32U,
+    // Sign extends the 8 least significant bits to 32 bits.
+    I32Extend8S,
+    // Sign extends the 16 least significant bits to 32 bits.
+    I32Extend16S,
+    /// Sign extends the 8 least significant bits to 64 bits.
+    I64Extend8S,
+    /// Sign extends the 16 least significant bits to 64 bits.
+    I64Extend16S,
+    /// Sign extends the 32 least significant bits to 64 bits.
+    I64Extend32S,
+}
+
+/// Operand size, in bits.
+#[derive(Copy, Debug, Clone, Eq, PartialEq)]
+pub(crate) enum OperandSize {
+    /// 8 bits.
+    S8,
+    /// 16 bits.
+    S16,
+    /// 32 bits.
+    S32,
+    /// 64 bits.
+    S64,
+    /// 128 bits.
+    S128,
+}
+
+impl OperandSize {
+    /// The number of bits in the operand.
+    pub fn num_bits(&self) -> u8 {
+        match self {
+            OperandSize::S8 => 8,
+            OperandSize::S16 => 16,
+            OperandSize::S32 => 32,
+            OperandSize::S64 => 64,
+            OperandSize::S128 => 128,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// The number of bytes in the operand.
+    pub fn bytes(&self) -> u32 {
+        match self {
+            Self::S8 => 1,
+            Self::S16 => 2,
+            Self::S32 => 4,
+            Self::S64 => 8,
+            Self::S128 => 16,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// The binary logarithm of the number of bits in the operand.
+    pub fn log2(&self) -> u8 {
+        match self {
+            OperandSize::S8 => 3,
+            OperandSize::S16 => 4,
+            OperandSize::S32 => 5,
+            OperandSize::S64 => 6,
+            OperandSize::S128 => 7,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Create an [`OperandSize`]  from the given number of bytes.
+    pub fn from_bytes(bytes: u8) -> Self {
+        use OperandSize::*;
+        match bytes {
+            4 => S32,
+            8 => S64,
+            16 => S128,
+            _ => panic!("Invalid bytes {} for OperandSize", bytes),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// An abstraction over a register or immediate.
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub(crate) enum RegImm {
+    /// A register.
+    Reg(Reg),
+    /// A tagged immediate argument.
+    Imm(Imm),
+}
+
+/// An tagged representation of an immediate.
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub(crate) enum Imm {
+    /// I32 immediate.
+    I32(u32),
+    /// I64 immediate.
+    I64(u64),
+    /// F32 immediate.
+    F32(u32),
+    /// F64 immediate.
+    F64(u64),
+}
+
+impl Imm {
+    /// Create a new I64 immediate.
+    pub fn i64(val: i64) -> Self {
+        Self::I64(val as u64)
+    }
+
+    /// Create a new I32 immediate.
+    pub fn i32(val: i32) -> Self {
+        Self::I32(val as u32)
+    }
+
+    /// Create a new F32 immediate.
+    pub fn f32(bits: u32) -> Self {
+        Self::F32(bits)
+    }
+
+    /// Create a new F64 immediate.
+    pub fn f64(bits: u64) -> Self {
+        Self::F64(bits)
+    }
+
+    /// Convert the immediate to i32, if possible.
+    pub fn to_i32(&self) -> Option<i32> {
+        match self {
+            Self::I32(v) => Some(*v as i32),
+            Self::I64(v) => i32::try_from(*v as i64).ok(),
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// The location of the [VMcontext] used for function calls.
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
+pub(crate) enum VMContextLoc {
+    /// Dynamic, stored in the given register.
+    Reg(Reg),
+    /// The pinned [VMContext] register.
+    Pinned,
+}
+
+/// The maximum number of context arguments currently used across the compiler.
+pub(crate) const MAX_CONTEXT_ARGS: usize = 2;
+
+/// Out-of-band special purpose arguments used for function call emission.
+///
+/// We cannot rely on the value stack for these values given that inserting
+/// register or memory values at arbitrary locations of the value stack has the
+/// potential to break the stack ordering principle, which states that older
+/// values must always precede newer values, effectively simulating the order of
+/// values in the machine stack.
+/// The [ContextArgs] are meant to be resolved at every callsite; in some cases
+/// it might be possible to construct it early on, but given that it might
+/// contain allocatable registers, it's preferred to construct it in
+/// [FnCall::emit].
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub(crate) enum ContextArgs {
+    /// No context arguments required. This is used for libcalls that don't
+    /// require any special context arguments. For example builtin functions
+    /// that perform float calculations.
+    None,
+    /// A single context argument is required; the current pinned [VMcontext]
+    /// register must be passed as the first argument of the function call.
+    VMContext([VMContextLoc; 1]),
+    /// The callee and caller context arguments are required. In this case, the
+    /// callee context argument is usually stored into an allocatable register
+    /// and the caller is always the current pinned [VMContext] pointer.
+    CalleeAndCallerVMContext([VMContextLoc; MAX_CONTEXT_ARGS]),
+}
+
+impl ContextArgs {
+    /// Construct an empty [ContextArgs].
+    pub fn none() -> Self {
+        Self::None
+    }
+
+    /// Construct a [ContextArgs] declaring the usage of the pinned [VMContext]
+    /// register as both the caller and callee context arguments.
+    pub fn pinned_callee_and_caller_vmctx() -> Self {
+        Self::CalleeAndCallerVMContext([VMContextLoc::Pinned, VMContextLoc::Pinned])
+    }
+
+    /// Construct a [ContextArgs] that declares the usage of the pinned
+    /// [VMContext] register as the only context argument.
+    pub fn pinned_vmctx() -> Self {
+        Self::VMContext([VMContextLoc::Pinned])
+    }
+
+    /// Construct a [ContextArgs] that declares a dynamic callee context and the
+    /// pinned [VMContext] register as the context arguments.
+    pub fn with_callee_and_pinned_caller(callee_vmctx: Reg) -> Self {
+        Self::CalleeAndCallerVMContext([VMContextLoc::Reg(callee_vmctx), VMContextLoc::Pinned])
+    }
+
+    /// Get the length of the [ContextArgs].
+    pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
+        self.as_slice().len()
+    }
+
+    /// Get a slice of the context arguments.
+    pub fn as_slice(&self) -> &[VMContextLoc] {
+        match self {
+            Self::None => &[],
+            Self::VMContext(a) => a.as_slice(),
+            Self::CalleeAndCallerVMContext(a) => a.as_slice(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
+pub(crate) enum CalleeKind {
+    /// A function call to a raw address.
+    Indirect(Reg),
+    /// A function call to a local function.
+    Direct(UserExternalNameRef),
+    /// Call to a well known LibCall.
+    LibCall(LibCall),
+}
+
+impl CalleeKind {
+    /// Creates a callee kind from a register.
+    pub fn indirect(reg: Reg) -> Self {
+        Self::Indirect(reg)
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a direct callee kind from a function name.
+    pub fn direct(name: UserExternalNameRef) -> Self {
+        Self::Direct(name)
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a known callee kind from a libcall.
+    pub fn libcall(call: LibCall) -> Self {
+        Self::LibCall(call)
+    }
+}
+
+impl RegImm {
+    /// Register constructor.
+    pub fn reg(r: Reg) -> Self {
+        RegImm::Reg(r)
+    }
+
+    /// I64 immediate constructor.
+    pub fn i64(val: i64) -> Self {
+        RegImm::Imm(Imm::i64(val))
+    }
+
+    /// I32 immediate constructor.
+    pub fn i32(val: i32) -> Self {
+        RegImm::Imm(Imm::i32(val))
+    }
+
+    /// F32 immediate, stored using its bits representation.
+    // Temporary until support for f32.const is added.
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
+    pub fn f32(bits: u32) -> Self {
+        RegImm::Imm(Imm::f32(bits))
+    }
+
+    /// F64 immediate, stored using its bits representation.
+    // Temporary until support for f64.const is added.
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
+    pub fn f64(bits: u64) -> Self {
+        RegImm::Imm(Imm::f64(bits))
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<Reg> for RegImm {
+    fn from(r: Reg) -> Self {
+        Self::Reg(r)
+    }
+}
+
+pub enum RoundingMode {
+    Nearest,
+    Up,
+    Down,
+    Zero,
+}
+
+/// Memory flags for trusted loads/stores.
+pub const TRUSTED_FLAGS: MemFlags = MemFlags::trusted();
+
+/// Flags used for WebAssembly loads / stores.
+/// Untrusted by default so we don't set `no_trap`.
+/// We also ensure that the endianness is the right one for WebAssembly.
+pub const UNTRUSTED_FLAGS: MemFlags = MemFlags::new().with_endianness(Endianness::Little);
+
+/// Generic MacroAssembler interface used by the code generation.
+///
+/// The MacroAssembler trait aims to expose an interface, high-level enough,
+/// so that each ISA can provide its own lowering to machine code. For example,
+/// for WebAssembly operators that don't have a direct mapping to a machine
+/// a instruction, the interface defines a signature matching the WebAssembly
+/// operator, allowing each implementation to lower such operator entirely.
+/// This approach attributes more responsibility to the MacroAssembler, but frees
+/// the caller from concerning about assembling the right sequence of
+/// instructions at the operator callsite.
+///
+/// The interface defaults to a three-argument form for binary operations;
+/// this allows a natural mapping to instructions for RISC architectures,
+/// that use three-argument form.
+/// This approach allows for a more general interface that can be restricted
+/// where needed, in the case of architectures that use a two-argument form.
+
+pub(crate) trait MacroAssembler {
+    /// The addressing mode.
+    type Address: Copy + Debug;
+
+    /// The pointer representation of the target ISA,
+    /// used to access information from [`VMOffsets`].
+    type Ptr: PtrSize;
+
+    /// The ABI details of the target.
+    type ABI: abi::ABI;
+
+    /// Emit the function prologue.
+    fn prologue(&mut self, vmctx: Reg) {
+        self.frame_setup();
+        self.check_stack(vmctx);
+    }
+
+    /// Generate the frame setup sequence.
+    fn frame_setup(&mut self);
+
+    /// Generate the frame restore sequence.
+    fn frame_restore(&mut self);
+
+    /// Emit a stack check.
+    fn check_stack(&mut self, vmctx: Reg);
+
+    /// Emit the function epilogue.
+    fn epilogue(&mut self) {
+        self.frame_restore();
+    }
+
+    /// Reserve stack space.
+    fn reserve_stack(&mut self, bytes: u32);
+
+    /// Free stack space.
+    fn free_stack(&mut self, bytes: u32);
+
+    /// Reset the stack pointer to the given offset;
+    ///
+    /// Used to reset the stack pointer to a given offset
+    /// when dealing with unreachable code.
+    fn reset_stack_pointer(&mut self, offset: SPOffset);
+
+    /// Get the address of a local slot.
+    fn local_address(&mut self, local: &LocalSlot) -> Self::Address;
+
+    /// Loads the address of the table element at a given index. Returns the
+    /// address of the table element using the provided register as base.
+    fn table_elem_address(
+        &mut self,
+        index: Reg,
+        base: Reg,
+        table_data: &TableData,
+        context: &mut CodeGenContext,
+    ) -> Self::Address;
+
+    /// Retrieves the size of the table, pushing the result to the value stack.
+    fn table_size(&mut self, table_data: &TableData, context: &mut CodeGenContext);
+
+    /// Retrieves the size of the memory, pushing the result to the value stack.
+    fn memory_size(&mut self, heap_data: &HeapData, context: &mut CodeGenContext);
+
+    /// Constructs an address with an offset that is relative to the
+    /// current position of the stack pointer (e.g. [sp + (sp_offset -
+    /// offset)].
+    fn address_from_sp(&self, offset: SPOffset) -> Self::Address;
+
+    /// Constructs an address with an offset that is absolute to the
+    /// current position of the stack pointer (e.g. [sp + offset].
+    fn address_at_sp(&self, offset: SPOffset) -> Self::Address;
+
+    /// Alias for [`Self::address_at_reg`] using the VMContext register as
+    /// a base. The VMContext register is derived from the ABI type that is
+    /// associated to the MacroAssembler.
+    fn address_at_vmctx(&self, offset: u32) -> Self::Address;
+
+    /// Construct an address that is absolute to the current position
+    /// of the given register.
+    fn address_at_reg(&self, reg: Reg, offset: u32) -> Self::Address;
+
+    /// Emit a function call to either a local or external function.
+    fn call(&mut self, stack_args_size: u32, f: impl FnMut(&mut Self) -> CalleeKind) -> u32;
+
+    /// Get stack pointer offset.
+    fn sp_offset(&self) -> SPOffset;
+
+    /// Perform a stack store.
+    fn store(&mut self, src: RegImm, dst: Self::Address, size: OperandSize);
+
+    /// Alias for `MacroAssembler::store` with the operand size corresponding
+    /// to the pointer size of the target.
+    fn store_ptr(&mut self, src: Reg, dst: Self::Address);
+
+    /// Perform a WebAssembly store.
+    /// A WebAssebly store introduces several additional invariants compared to
+    /// [Self::store], more precisely, it can implicitly trap, in certain
+    /// circumstances, even if explicit bounds checks are elided, in that sense,
+    /// we consider this type of load as untrusted. It can also differ with
+    /// regards to the endianness depending on the target ISA. For this reason,
+    /// [Self::wasm_store], should be explicitly used when emitting WebAssembly
+    /// stores.
+    fn wasm_store(&mut self, src: Reg, dst: Self::Address, size: OperandSize);
+
+    /// Perform a zero-extended stack load.
+    fn load(&mut self, src: Self::Address, dst: Reg, size: OperandSize);
+
+    /// Perform a WebAssembly load.
+    /// A WebAssebly load introduces several additional invariants compared to
+    /// [Self::load], more precisely, it can implicitly trap, in certain
+    /// circumstances, even if explicit bounds checks are elided, in that sense,
+    /// we consider this type of load as untrusted. It can also differ with
+    /// regards to the endianness depending on the target ISA. For this reason,
+    /// [Self::wasm_load], should be explicitly used when emitting WebAssembly
+    /// loads.
+    fn wasm_load(
+        &mut self,
+        src: Self::Address,
+        dst: Reg,
+        size: OperandSize,
+        kind: Option<ExtendKind>,
+    );
+
+    /// Alias for `MacroAssembler::load` with the operand size corresponding
+    /// to the pointer size of the target.
+    fn load_ptr(&mut self, src: Self::Address, dst: Reg);
+
+    /// Loads the effective address into destination.
+    fn load_addr(&mut self, _src: Self::Address, _dst: Reg, _size: OperandSize);
+
+    /// Pop a value from the machine stack into the given register.
+    fn pop(&mut self, dst: Reg, size: OperandSize);
+
+    /// Perform a move.
+    fn mov(&mut self, src: RegImm, dst: Reg, size: OperandSize);
+
+    /// Perform a conditional move.
+    fn cmov(&mut self, src: Reg, dst: Reg, cc: IntCmpKind, size: OperandSize);
+
+    /// Performs a memory move of bytes from src to dest.
+    /// Bytes are moved in blocks of 8 bytes, where possible.
+    fn memmove(&mut self, src: SPOffset, dst: SPOffset, bytes: u32, direction: MemMoveDirection) {
+        match direction {
+            MemMoveDirection::LowToHigh => debug_assert!(dst.as_u32() < src.as_u32()),
+            MemMoveDirection::HighToLow => debug_assert!(dst.as_u32() > src.as_u32()),
+        }
+        // At least 4 byte aligned.
+        debug_assert!(bytes % 4 == 0);
+        let mut remaining = bytes;
+        let word_bytes = <Self::ABI as abi::ABI>::word_bytes();
+        let scratch = <Self::ABI as abi::ABI>::scratch_reg();
+
+        let mut dst_offs = dst.as_u32() - bytes;
+        let mut src_offs = src.as_u32() - bytes;
+
+        let word_bytes = word_bytes as u32;
+        while remaining >= word_bytes {
+            remaining -= word_bytes;
+            dst_offs += word_bytes;
+            src_offs += word_bytes;
+
+            self.load_ptr(self.address_from_sp(SPOffset::from_u32(src_offs)), scratch);
+            self.store_ptr(
+                scratch.into(),
+                self.address_from_sp(SPOffset::from_u32(dst_offs)),
+            );
+        }
+
+        if remaining > 0 {
+            let half_word = word_bytes / 2;
+            let ptr_size = OperandSize::from_bytes(half_word as u8);
+            debug_assert!(remaining == half_word);
+            dst_offs += half_word;
+            src_offs += half_word;
+
+            self.load(
+                self.address_from_sp(SPOffset::from_u32(src_offs)),
+                scratch,
+                ptr_size,
+            );
+            self.store(
+                scratch.into(),
+                self.address_from_sp(SPOffset::from_u32(dst_offs)),
+                ptr_size,
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Perform add operation.
+    fn add(&mut self, dst: Reg, lhs: Reg, rhs: RegImm, size: OperandSize);
+
+    /// Perform a checked unsigned integer addition, emitting the provided trap
+    /// if the addition overflows.
+    fn checked_uadd(&mut self, dst: Reg, lhs: Reg, rhs: RegImm, size: OperandSize, trap: TrapCode);
+
+    /// Perform subtraction operation.
+    fn sub(&mut self, dst: Reg, lhs: Reg, rhs: RegImm, size: OperandSize);
+
+    /// Perform multiplication operation.
+    fn mul(&mut self, dst: Reg, lhs: Reg, rhs: RegImm, size: OperandSize);
+
+    /// Perform a floating point add operation.
+    fn float_add(&mut self, dst: Reg, lhs: Reg, rhs: Reg, size: OperandSize);
+
+    /// Perform a floating point subtraction operation.
+    fn float_sub(&mut self, dst: Reg, lhs: Reg, rhs: Reg, size: OperandSize);
+
+    /// Perform a floating point multiply operation.
+    fn float_mul(&mut self, dst: Reg, lhs: Reg, rhs: Reg, size: OperandSize);
+
+    /// Perform a floating point divide operation.
+    fn float_div(&mut self, dst: Reg, lhs: Reg, rhs: Reg, size: OperandSize);
+
+    /// Perform a floating point minimum operation. In x86, this will emit
+    /// multiple instructions.
+    fn float_min(&mut self, dst: Reg, lhs: Reg, rhs: Reg, size: OperandSize);
+
+    /// Perform a floating point maximum operation. In x86, this will emit
+    /// multiple instructions.
+    fn float_max(&mut self, dst: Reg, lhs: Reg, rhs: Reg, size: OperandSize);
+
+    /// Perform a floating point copysign operation. In x86, this will emit
+    /// multiple instructions.
+    fn float_copysign(&mut self, dst: Reg, lhs: Reg, rhs: Reg, size: OperandSize);
+
+    /// Perform a floating point abs operation.
+    fn float_abs(&mut self, dst: Reg, size: OperandSize);
+
+    /// Perform a floating point negation operation.
+    fn float_neg(&mut self, dst: Reg, size: OperandSize);
+
+    /// Perform a floating point floor operation.
+    fn float_round<F: FnMut(&mut FuncEnv<Self::Ptr>, &mut CodeGenContext, &mut Self)>(
+        &mut self,
+        mode: RoundingMode,
+        env: &mut FuncEnv<Self::Ptr>,
+        context: &mut CodeGenContext,
+        size: OperandSize,
+        fallback: F,
+    );
+
+    /// Perform a floating point square root operation.
+    fn float_sqrt(&mut self, dst: Reg, src: Reg, size: OperandSize);
+
+    /// Perform logical and operation.
+    fn and(&mut self, dst: Reg, lhs: Reg, rhs: RegImm, size: OperandSize);
+
+    /// Perform logical or operation.
+    fn or(&mut self, dst: Reg, lhs: Reg, rhs: RegImm, size: OperandSize);
+
+    /// Perform logical exclusive or operation.
+    fn xor(&mut self, dst: Reg, lhs: Reg, rhs: RegImm, size: OperandSize);
+
+    /// Perform a shift operation.
+    /// Shift is special in that some architectures have specific expectations
+    /// regarding the location of the instruction arguments. To free the
+    /// caller from having to deal with the architecture specific constraints
+    /// we give this function access to the code generation context, allowing
+    /// each implementation to decide the lowering path.
+    fn shift(&mut self, context: &mut CodeGenContext, kind: ShiftKind, size: OperandSize);
+
+    /// Perform division operation.
+    /// Division is special in that some architectures have specific
+    /// expectations regarding the location of the instruction
+    /// arguments and regarding the location of the quotient /
+    /// remainder. To free the caller from having to deal with the
+    /// architecure specific contraints we give this function access
+    /// to the code generation context, allowing each implementation
+    /// to decide the lowering path.  For cases in which division is a
+    /// unconstrained binary operation, the caller can decide to use
+    /// the `CodeGenContext::i32_binop` or `CodeGenContext::i64_binop`
+    /// functions.
+    fn div(&mut self, context: &mut CodeGenContext, kind: DivKind, size: OperandSize);
+
+    /// Calculate remainder.
+    fn rem(&mut self, context: &mut CodeGenContext, kind: RemKind, size: OperandSize);
+
+    /// Compare src and dst and put the result in dst.
+    fn cmp(&mut self, src: RegImm, dest: Reg, size: OperandSize);
+
+    /// Compare src and dst and put the result in dst.
+    /// This function will potentially emit a series of instructions.
+    fn cmp_with_set(&mut self, src: RegImm, dst: Reg, kind: IntCmpKind, size: OperandSize);
+
+    /// Compare floats in src1 and src2 and put the result in dst.
+    /// In x86, this will emit multiple instructions.
+    fn float_cmp_with_set(
+        &mut self,
+        src1: Reg,
+        src2: Reg,
+        dst: Reg,
+        kind: FloatCmpKind,
+        size: OperandSize,
+    );
+
+    /// Count the number of leading zeroes in src and put the result in dst.
+    /// In x64, this will emit multiple instructions if the `has_lzcnt` flag is
+    /// false.
+    fn clz(&mut self, src: Reg, dst: Reg, size: OperandSize);
+
+    /// Count the number of trailing zeroes in src and put the result in dst.masm
+    /// In x64, this will emit multiple instructions if the `has_tzcnt` flag is
+    /// false.
+    fn ctz(&mut self, src: Reg, dst: Reg, size: OperandSize);
+
+    /// Push the register to the stack, returning the stack slot metadata.
+    // NB
+    // The stack alignment should not be assumed after any call to `push`,
+    // unless explicitly aligned otherwise.  Typically, stack alignment is
+    // maintained at call sites and during the execution of
+    // epilogues.
+    fn push(&mut self, src: Reg, size: OperandSize) -> StackSlot;
+
+    /// Finalize the assembly and return the result.
+    fn finalize(self, base: Option<SourceLoc>) -> MachBufferFinalized<Final>;
+
+    /// Zero a particular register.
+    fn zero(&mut self, reg: Reg);
+
+    /// Count the number of 1 bits in src and put the result in dst. In x64,
+    /// this will emit multiple instructions if the `has_popcnt` flag is false.
+    fn popcnt(&mut self, context: &mut CodeGenContext, size: OperandSize);
+
+    /// Converts an i64 to an i32 by discarding the high 32 bits.
+    fn wrap(&mut self, src: Reg, dst: Reg);
+
+    /// Extends an integer of a given size to a larger size.
+    fn extend(&mut self, src: Reg, dst: Reg, kind: ExtendKind);
+
+    /// Emits one or more instructions to perform a signed truncation of a
+    /// float into an integer.
+    fn signed_truncate(
+        &mut self,
+        src: Reg,
+        dst: Reg,
+        src_size: OperandSize,
+        dst_size: OperandSize,
+        kind: TruncKind,
+    );
+
+    /// Emits one or more instructions to perform an unsigned truncation of a
+    /// float into an integer.
+    fn unsigned_truncate(
+        &mut self,
+        src: Reg,
+        dst: Reg,
+        tmp_fpr: Reg,
+        src_size: OperandSize,
+        dst_size: OperandSize,
+        kind: TruncKind,
+    );
+
+    /// Emits one or more instructions to perform a signed convert of an
+    /// integer into a float.
+    fn signed_convert(&mut self, src: Reg, dst: Reg, src_size: OperandSize, dst_size: OperandSize);
+
+    /// Emits one or more instructions to perform an unsigned convert of an
+    /// integer into a float.
+    fn unsigned_convert(
+        &mut self,
+        src: Reg,
+        dst: Reg,
+        tmp_gpr: Reg,
+        src_size: OperandSize,
+        dst_size: OperandSize,
+    );
+
+    /// Reinterpret a float as an integer.
+    fn reinterpret_float_as_int(&mut self, src: Reg, dst: Reg, size: OperandSize);
+
+    /// Reinterpret an integer as a float.
+    fn reinterpret_int_as_float(&mut self, src: Reg, dst: Reg, size: OperandSize);
+
+    /// Demote an f64 to an f32.
+    fn demote(&mut self, src: Reg, dst: Reg);
+
+    /// Promote an f32 to an f64.
+    fn promote(&mut self, src: Reg, dst: Reg);
+
+    /// Zero a given memory range.
+    ///
+    /// The default implementation divides the given memory range
+    /// into word-sized slots. Then it unrolls a series of store
+    /// instructions, effectively assigning zero to each slot.
+    fn zero_mem_range(&mut self, mem: &Range<u32>) {
+        let word_size = <Self::ABI as abi::ABI>::word_bytes() as u32;
+        if mem.is_empty() {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        let start = if mem.start % word_size == 0 {
+            mem.start
+        } else {
+            // Ensure that the start of the range is at least 4-byte aligned.
+            assert!(mem.start % 4 == 0);
+            let start = align_to(mem.start, word_size);
+            let addr: Self::Address = self.local_address(&LocalSlot::i32(start));
+            self.store(RegImm::i32(0), addr, OperandSize::S32);
+            // Ensure that the new start of the range, is word-size aligned.
+            assert!(start % word_size == 0);
+            start
+        };
+
+        let end = align_to(mem.end, word_size);
+        let slots = (end - start) / word_size;
+
+        if slots == 1 {
+            let slot = LocalSlot::i64(start + word_size);
+            let addr: Self::Address = self.local_address(&slot);
+            self.store(RegImm::i64(0), addr, OperandSize::S64);
+        } else {
+            // TODO
+            // Add an upper bound to this generation;
+            // given a considerably large amount of slots
+            // this will be inefficient.
+            let zero = <Self::ABI as abi::ABI>::scratch_reg();
+            self.zero(zero);
+            let zero = RegImm::reg(zero);
+
+            for step in (start..end).into_iter().step_by(word_size as usize) {
+                let slot = LocalSlot::i64(step + word_size);
+                let addr: Self::Address = self.local_address(&slot);
+                self.store(zero, addr, OperandSize::S64);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Generate a label.
+    fn get_label(&mut self) -> MachLabel;
+
+    /// Bind the given label at the current code offset.
+    fn bind(&mut self, label: MachLabel);
+
+    /// Conditional branch.
+    ///
+    /// Performs a comparison between the two operands,
+    /// and immediately after emits a jump to the given
+    /// label destination if the condition is met.
+    fn branch(
+        &mut self,
+        kind: IntCmpKind,
+        lhs: RegImm,
+        rhs: Reg,
+        taken: MachLabel,
+        size: OperandSize,
+    );
+
+    /// Emits and unconditional jump to the given label.
+    fn jmp(&mut self, target: MachLabel);
+
+    /// Emits a jump table sequence. The default label is specified as
+    /// the last element of the targets slice.
+    fn jmp_table(&mut self, targets: &[MachLabel], index: Reg, tmp: Reg);
+
+    /// Emit an unreachable code trap.
+    fn unreachable(&mut self);
+
+    /// Emit an unconditional trap.
+    fn trap(&mut self, code: TrapCode);
+
+    /// Traps if the condition code is met.
+    fn trapif(&mut self, cc: IntCmpKind, code: TrapCode);
+
+    /// Trap if the source register is zero.
+    fn trapz(&mut self, src: Reg, code: TrapCode);
+
+    /// Ensures that the stack pointer is correctly positioned before an unconditional
+    /// jump according to the requirements of the destination target.
+    fn ensure_sp_for_jump(&mut self, target: SPOffset) {
+        let bytes = self
+            .sp_offset()
+            .as_u32()
+            .checked_sub(target.as_u32())
+            .unwrap_or(0);
+        if bytes > 0 {
+            self.free_stack(bytes);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Mark the start of a source location returning the machine code offset
+    /// and the relative source code location.
+    fn start_source_loc(&mut self, loc: RelSourceLoc) -> (CodeOffset, RelSourceLoc);
+
+    /// Mark the end of a source location.
+    fn end_source_loc(&mut self);
+
+    /// The current offset, in bytes from the beginning of the function.
+    fn current_code_offset(&self) -> CodeOffset;
+}