wasmtime 12.0.1 → 13.0.0

data/ext/cargo-vendor/wasmprinter-0.2.63/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,2962 +0,0 @@
-//! A crate to convert a WebAssembly binary to its textual representation in the
-//! WebAssembly Text Format (WAT).
-//!
-//! This crate is intended for developer toolchains and debugging, supporting
-//! human-readable versions of a wasm binary. This can also be useful when
-//! developing wasm toolchain support in Rust for various purposes like testing
-//! and debugging and such.
-
-#![deny(missing_docs)]
-
-use anyhow::{bail, Context, Result};
-use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
-use std::fmt::{self, Write};
-use std::mem;
-use std::path::Path;
-use wasmparser::*;
-
-const MAX_LOCALS: u32 = 50000;
-const MAX_NESTING_TO_PRINT: u32 = 50;
-const MAX_WASM_FUNCTIONS: u32 = 1_000_000;
-
-mod operator;
-
-/// Reads a WebAssembly `file` from the filesystem and then prints it into an
-/// in-memory `String`.
-pub fn print_file(file: impl AsRef<Path>) -> Result<String> {
-    let file = file.as_ref();
-    let contents = std::fs::read(file).context(format!("failed to read `{}`", file.display()))?;
-    Printer::new().print(&contents)
-}
-
-/// Prints an in-memory `wasm` binary blob into an in-memory `String` which is
-/// its textual representation.
-pub fn print_bytes(wasm: impl AsRef<[u8]>) -> Result<String> {
-    Printer::new().print(wasm.as_ref())
-}
-
-/// Context used for printing a WebAssembly binary.
-///
-/// This is largely only required if you'd like to register custom printers for
-/// custom sections in a wasm binary.
-#[derive(Default)]
-pub struct Printer {
-    print_offsets: bool,
-    print_skeleton: bool,
-    printers: HashMap<String, Box<dyn FnMut(&mut Printer, usize, &[u8]) -> Result<()>>>,
-    result: String,
-    /// The `i`th line in `result` is at offset `lines[i]`.
-    lines: Vec<usize>,
-    /// The binary offset for the `i`th line is `line_offsets[i]`.
-    line_offsets: Vec<Option<usize>>,
-    nesting: u32,
-    line: usize,
-    group_lines: Vec<usize>,
-}
-
-#[derive(Default)]
-struct CoreState {
-    types: Vec<Option<SubType>>,
-    funcs: u32,
-    memories: u32,
-    tags: u32,
-    globals: u32,
-    tables: u32,
-    labels: u32,
-    modules: u32,
-    instances: u32,
-    func_names: HashMap<u32, Naming>,
-    local_names: HashMap<(u32, u32), Naming>,
-    label_names: HashMap<(u32, u32), Naming>,
-    type_names: HashMap<u32, Naming>,
-    table_names: HashMap<u32, Naming>,
-    memory_names: HashMap<u32, Naming>,
-    global_names: HashMap<u32, Naming>,
-    element_names: HashMap<u32, Naming>,
-    data_names: HashMap<u32, Naming>,
-    module_names: HashMap<u32, Naming>,
-    instance_names: HashMap<u32, Naming>,
-}
-
-#[derive(Default)]
-struct ComponentState {
-    types: u32,
-    funcs: u32,
-    instances: u32,
-    components: u32,
-    values: u32,
-    type_names: HashMap<u32, Naming>,
-    func_names: HashMap<u32, Naming>,
-    component_names: HashMap<u32, Naming>,
-    instance_names: HashMap<u32, Naming>,
-    value_names: HashMap<u32, Naming>,
-}
-
-struct State {
-    encoding: Encoding,
-    name: Option<Naming>,
-    core: CoreState,
-    component: ComponentState,
-}
-
-impl State {
-    fn new(encoding: Encoding) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            encoding,
-            name: None,
-            core: CoreState::default(),
-            component: ComponentState::default(),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-struct Naming {
-    identifier: Option<String>,
-    name: String,
-}
-
-impl Printer {
-    /// Creates a new `Printer` object that's ready to start printing wasm
-    /// binaries to strings.
-    pub fn new() -> Self {
-        Self::default()
-    }
-
-    /// Whether or not to print binary offsets of each item as comments in the
-    /// text format whenever a newline is printed.
-    pub fn print_offsets(&mut self, print: bool) {
-        self.print_offsets = print;
-    }
-
-    /// Whether or not to print only a "skeleton" which skips function bodies,
-    /// data segment contents, element segment contents, etc.
-    pub fn print_skeleton(&mut self, print: bool) {
-        self.print_skeleton = print;
-    }
-
-    /// Registers a custom `printer` function to get invoked whenever a custom
-    /// section of name `section` is seen.
-    ///
-    /// This can be used to register printers into a textual format for custom
-    /// sections, such as by emitting annotations and/or other textual
-    /// references (maybe comments!)
-    ///
-    /// By default all custom sections are ignored for the text format.
-    ///
-    /// The `printer` function provided takes three arguments:
-    ///
-    /// * A `&mut Printer`, or where to print results to
-    /// * A `usize` offset which is the start of the offset for the custom
-    ///   section
-    /// * A byte slice which is the actual contents of the custom section.
-    pub fn add_custom_section_printer(
-        &mut self,
-        section: &str,
-        printer: impl FnMut(&mut Printer, usize, &[u8]) -> Result<()> + 'static,
-    ) {
-        self.printers.insert(section.to_string(), Box::new(printer));
-    }
-
-    /// Gets the output result of this `Printer`, or where all output is going.
-    pub fn result_mut(&mut self) -> &mut String {
-        &mut self.result
-    }
-
-    /// Prints a WebAssembly binary into a `String`
-    ///
-    /// This function takes an entire `wasm` binary blob and will print it to
-    /// the WebAssembly Text Format and return the result as a `String`.
-    pub fn print(&mut self, wasm: &[u8]) -> Result<String> {
-        self.print_contents(wasm)?;
-        Ok(mem::take(&mut self.result))
-    }
-
-    /// Get the line-by-line WAT disassembly for the given Wasm, along with the
-    /// binary offsets for each line.
-    pub fn offsets_and_lines<'a>(
-        &'a mut self,
-        wasm: &[u8],
-    ) -> Result<impl Iterator<Item = (Option<usize>, &'a str)> + 'a> {
-        self.print_contents(wasm)?;
-
-        let end = self.result.len();
-        let result = &self.result;
-
-        let mut offsets = self.line_offsets.iter().copied();
-        let mut lines = self.lines.iter().copied().peekable();
-
-        Ok(std::iter::from_fn(move || {
-            let offset = offsets.next()?;
-            let i = lines.next()?;
-            let j = lines.peek().copied().unwrap_or(end);
-            let line = &result[i..j];
-            Some((offset, line))
-        }))
-    }
-
-    fn read_names_and_code<'a>(
-        &mut self,
-        mut bytes: &'a [u8],
-        mut parser: Parser,
-        state: &mut State,
-        code: &mut Vec<FunctionBody<'a>>,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        loop {
-            let payload = match parser.parse(bytes, true)? {
-                Chunk::NeedMoreData(_) => unreachable!(),
-                Chunk::Parsed { payload, consumed } => {
-                    bytes = &bytes[consumed..];
-                    payload
-                }
-            };
-
-            match payload {
-                Payload::FunctionSection(s) => {
-                    if s.count() > MAX_WASM_FUNCTIONS {
-                        bail!(
-                            "module contains {} functions which exceeds the limit of {}",
-                            s.count(),
-                            MAX_WASM_FUNCTIONS
-                        );
-                    }
-                    code.reserve(s.count() as usize);
-                }
-                Payload::CodeSectionEntry(f) => {
-                    code.push(f);
-                }
-                Payload::ModuleSection { range, .. } | Payload::ComponentSection { range, .. } => {
-                    let offset = range.end - range.start;
-                    if offset > bytes.len() {
-                        bail!("invalid module or component section range");
-                    }
-                    bytes = &bytes[offset..];
-                }
-
-                // Ignore any error associated with the name sections.
-                Payload::CustomSection(c) if c.name() == "name" => {
-                    let reader = NameSectionReader::new(c.data(), c.data_offset());
-                    drop(self.register_names(state, reader));
-                }
-                Payload::CustomSection(c) if c.name() == "component-name" => {
-                    let reader = ComponentNameSectionReader::new(c.data(), c.data_offset());
-                    drop(self.register_component_names(state, reader));
-                }
-
-                Payload::End(_) => break,
-                _ => {}
-            }
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn ensure_module(states: &[State]) -> Result<()> {
-        if !matches!(states.last().unwrap().encoding, Encoding::Module) {
-            bail!("a module section was encountered when parsing a component");
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn ensure_component(states: &[State]) -> Result<()> {
-        if !matches!(states.last().unwrap().encoding, Encoding::Component) {
-            bail!("a component section was encountered when parsing a module");
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn print_contents(&mut self, mut bytes: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
-        self.lines.clear();
-        self.lines.push(0);
-        self.line_offsets.clear();
-        self.line_offsets.push(Some(0));
-
-        let mut expected = None;
-        let mut states: Vec<State> = Vec::new();
-        let mut parser = Parser::new(0);
-        let mut parsers = Vec::new();
-        let mut code = Vec::new();
-        let mut code_printed = false;
-
-        loop {
-            let payload = match parser.parse(bytes, true)? {
-                Chunk::NeedMoreData(_) => unreachable!(),
-                Chunk::Parsed { payload, consumed } => {
-                    bytes = &bytes[consumed..];
-                    payload
-                }
-            };
-            match payload {
-                Payload::Version { encoding, .. } => {
-                    if let Some(e) = expected {
-                        if encoding != e {
-                            bail!("incorrect encoding for nested module or component");
-                        }
-                        expected = None;
-                    }
-
-                    assert!(states.last().map(|s| s.encoding) != Some(Encoding::Module));
-
-                    match encoding {
-                        Encoding::Module => {
-                            states.push(State::new(Encoding::Module));
-                            if states.len() > 1 {
-                                self.start_group("core module");
-                            } else {
-                                self.start_group("module");
-                            }
-
-                            if states.len() > 1 {
-                                let parent = &states[states.len() - 2];
-                                self.result.push(' ');
-                                self.print_name(&parent.core.module_names, parent.core.modules)?;
-                            }
-                        }
-                        Encoding::Component => {
-                            states.push(State::new(Encoding::Component));
-                            self.start_group("component");
-
-                            if states.len() > 1 {
-                                let parent = &states[states.len() - 2];
-                                self.result.push(' ');
-                                self.print_name(
-                                    &parent.component.component_names,
-                                    parent.component.components,
-                                )?;
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-
-                    let len = states.len();
-                    let state = states.last_mut().unwrap();
-
-                    // First up try to find the `name` subsection which we'll use to print
-                    // pretty names everywhere. Also look for the `code` section so we can
-                    // print out functions as soon as we hit the function section.
-                    code.clear();
-                    code_printed = false;
-                    self.read_names_and_code(bytes, parser.clone(), state, &mut code)?;
-
-                    if len == 1 {
-                        if let Some(name) = state.name.as_ref() {
-                            self.result.push(' ');
-                            name.write(&mut self.result);
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-                Payload::CustomSection(c) => {
-                    let mut printed = false;
-                    let mut printers = mem::take(&mut self.printers);
-                    if let Some(printer) = printers.get_mut(c.name()) {
-                        printer(self, c.data_offset(), c.data())?;
-                        printed = true;
-                    }
-                    self.printers = printers;
-
-                    // Attempt to print this custom section if it wasn't already
-                    // handled specifically above. Note that custom sections are
-                    // allowed to be invalid, so any parse error here is ignored
-                    // and resets the output to what it was when this started.
-                    // Otherwise I/O errors and other things are plumbed through
-                    // in case they happen.
-                    if printed {
-                        continue;
-                    }
-                    let cur = self.result.len();
-                    let err = match self.print_custom_section(c.clone()) {
-                        Ok(()) => continue,
-                        Err(e) => e,
-                    };
-                    if !err.is::<BinaryReaderError>() {
-                        return Err(err);
-                    }
-                    self.result.truncate(cur);
-                    let msg = format!("failed to parse custom section `{}`: {err}", c.name());
-                    for line in msg.lines() {
-                        self.newline(c.data_offset());
-                        self.result.push_str(";; ");
-                        self.result.push_str(line);
-                    }
-                    self.newline(c.range().end);
-                }
-                Payload::TypeSection(s) => self.print_types(states.last_mut().unwrap(), s)?,
-                Payload::ImportSection(s) => {
-                    Self::ensure_module(&states)?;
-                    self.print_imports(states.last_mut().unwrap(), s)?
-                }
-                Payload::FunctionSection(reader) => {
-                    Self::ensure_module(&states)?;
-                    if mem::replace(&mut code_printed, true) {
-                        bail!("function section appeared twice in module");
-                    }
-                    if reader.count() == 0 {
-                        continue;
-                    }
-                    self.print_code(states.last_mut().unwrap(), &code, reader)?;
-                }
-                Payload::TableSection(s) => {
-                    Self::ensure_module(&states)?;
-                    self.print_tables(states.last_mut().unwrap(), s)?
-                }
-                Payload::MemorySection(s) => {
-                    Self::ensure_module(&states)?;
-                    self.print_memories(states.last_mut().unwrap(), s)?
-                }
-                Payload::TagSection(s) => {
-                    Self::ensure_module(&states)?;
-                    self.print_tags(states.last_mut().unwrap(), s)?
-                }
-                Payload::GlobalSection(s) => {
-                    Self::ensure_module(&states)?;
-                    self.print_globals(states.last_mut().unwrap(), s)?
-                }
-                Payload::ExportSection(s) => {
-                    Self::ensure_module(&states)?;
-                    self.print_exports(states.last().unwrap(), s)?
-                }
-                Payload::StartSection { func, range } => {
-                    Self::ensure_module(&states)?;
-                    self.newline(range.start);
-                    self.start_group("start ");
-                    self.print_idx(&states.last().unwrap().core.func_names, func)?;
-                    self.end_group();
-                }
-                Payload::ElementSection(s) => {
-                    Self::ensure_module(&states)?;
-                    self.print_elems(states.last_mut().unwrap(), s)?;
-                }
-                // printed with the `Function` section, so we
-                // skip this section
-                Payload::CodeSectionStart { size, .. } => {
-                    Self::ensure_module(&states)?;
-                    bytes = &bytes[size as usize..];
-                    parser.skip_section();
-                }
-                Payload::CodeSectionEntry(_) => unreachable!(),
-                Payload::DataCountSection { .. } => {
-                    Self::ensure_module(&states)?;
-                    // not part of the text format
-                }
-                Payload::DataSection(s) => {
-                    Self::ensure_module(&states)?;
-                    self.print_data(states.last_mut().unwrap(), s)?;
-                }
-
-                Payload::ModuleSection {
-                    parser: inner,
-                    range,
-                } => {
-                    Self::ensure_component(&states)?;
-                    expected = Some(Encoding::Module);
-                    parsers.push(parser);
-                    parser = inner;
-                    self.newline(range.start);
-                }
-                Payload::InstanceSection(s) => {
-                    Self::ensure_component(&states)?;
-                    self.print_instances(states.last_mut().unwrap(), s)?;
-                }
-                Payload::CoreTypeSection(s) => self.print_core_types(&mut states, s)?,
-                Payload::ComponentSection {
-                    parser: inner,
-                    range,
-                } => {
-                    Self::ensure_component(&states)?;
-                    expected = Some(Encoding::Component);
-                    parsers.push(parser);
-                    parser = inner;
-                    self.newline(range.start);
-                }
-                Payload::ComponentInstanceSection(s) => {
-                    Self::ensure_component(&states)?;
-                    self.print_component_instances(states.last_mut().unwrap(), s)?;
-                }
-                Payload::ComponentAliasSection(s) => {
-                    Self::ensure_component(&states)?;
-                    self.print_component_aliases(&mut states, s)?;
-                }
-                Payload::ComponentTypeSection(s) => {
-                    Self::ensure_component(&states)?;
-                    self.print_component_types(&mut states, s)?;
-                }
-                Payload::ComponentCanonicalSection(s) => {
-                    Self::ensure_component(&states)?;
-                    self.print_canonical_functions(states.last_mut().unwrap(), s)?;
-                }
-                Payload::ComponentStartSection { start, range } => {
-                    Self::ensure_component(&states)?;
-                    self.print_component_start(states.last_mut().unwrap(), range.start, start)?;
-                }
-                Payload::ComponentImportSection(s) => {
-                    Self::ensure_component(&states)?;
-                    self.print_component_imports(states.last_mut().unwrap(), s)?;
-                }
-                Payload::ComponentExportSection(s) => {
-                    Self::ensure_component(&states)?;
-                    self.print_component_exports(states.last_mut().unwrap(), s)?;
-                }
-
-                Payload::End(_) => {
-                    self.end_group(); // close the `module` or `component` group
-
-                    let state = states.pop().unwrap();
-                    if let Some(parent) = states.last_mut() {
-                        match state.encoding {
-                            Encoding::Module => {
-                                parent.core.modules += 1;
-                            }
-                            Encoding::Component => {
-                                parent.component.components += 1;
-                            }
-                        }
-                        parser = parsers.pop().unwrap();
-                    } else {
-                        break;
-                    }
-                }
-
-                Payload::UnknownSection { id, .. } => bail!("found unknown section `{}`", id),
-            }
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn start_group(&mut self, name: &str) {
-        self.result.push('(');
-        self.result.push_str(name);
-        self.nesting += 1;
-        self.group_lines.push(self.line);
-    }
-
-    fn end_group(&mut self) {
-        self.nesting -= 1;
-        if let Some(line) = self.group_lines.pop() {
-            if line != self.line {
-                self.newline_unknown_pos();
-            }
-        }
-        self.result.push(')');
-    }
-
-    fn register_names(&mut self, state: &mut State, names: NameSectionReader<'_>) -> Result<()> {
-        fn indirect_name_map(
-            into: &mut HashMap<(u32, u32), Naming>,
-            names: IndirectNameMap<'_>,
-            name: &str,
-        ) -> Result<()> {
-            for indirect in names {
-                let indirect = indirect?;
-                let mut used = match name {
-                    // labels can be shadowed, so maintaining the used names is not useful.
-                    "label" => None,
-                    "local" => Some(HashSet::new()),
-                    _ => unimplemented!("{name} is an unknown type of indirect names"),
-                };
-                for naming in indirect.names {
-                    let naming = naming?;
-                    into.insert(
-                        (indirect.index, naming.index),
-                        Naming::new(naming.name, naming.index, name, used.as_mut()),
-                    );
-                }
-            }
-            Ok(())
-        }
-
-        for section in names {
-            match section? {
-                Name::Module { name, .. } => {
-                    let name = Naming::new(name, 0, "module", None);
-                    state.name = Some(name);
-                }
-                Name::Function(n) => name_map(&mut state.core.func_names, n, "func")?,
-                Name::Local(n) => indirect_name_map(&mut state.core.local_names, n, "local")?,
-                Name::Label(n) => indirect_name_map(&mut state.core.label_names, n, "label")?,
-                Name::Type(n) => name_map(&mut state.core.type_names, n, "type")?,
-                Name::Table(n) => name_map(&mut state.core.table_names, n, "table")?,
-                Name::Memory(n) => name_map(&mut state.core.memory_names, n, "memory")?,
-                Name::Global(n) => name_map(&mut state.core.global_names, n, "global")?,
-                Name::Element(n) => name_map(&mut state.core.element_names, n, "elem")?,
-                Name::Data(n) => name_map(&mut state.core.data_names, n, "data")?,
-                Name::Unknown { .. } => (),
-            }
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn register_component_names(
-        &mut self,
-        state: &mut State,
-        names: ComponentNameSectionReader<'_>,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        for section in names {
-            match section? {
-                ComponentName::Component { name, .. } => {
-                    let name = Naming::new(name, 0, "component", None);
-                    state.name = Some(name);
-                }
-                ComponentName::CoreFuncs(n) => {
-                    name_map(&mut state.core.func_names, n, "core-func")?
-                }
-                ComponentName::CoreTypes(n) => {
-                    name_map(&mut state.core.type_names, n, "core-type")?
-                }
-                ComponentName::CoreTables(n) => {
-                    name_map(&mut state.core.table_names, n, "core-table")?
-                }
-                ComponentName::CoreMemories(n) => {
-                    name_map(&mut state.core.memory_names, n, "core-memory")?
-                }
-                ComponentName::CoreGlobals(n) => {
-                    name_map(&mut state.core.global_names, n, "core-global")?
-                }
-                ComponentName::CoreModules(n) => {
-                    name_map(&mut state.core.module_names, n, "core-module")?
-                }
-                ComponentName::CoreInstances(n) => {
-                    name_map(&mut state.core.instance_names, n, "core-instance")?
-                }
-                ComponentName::Types(n) => name_map(&mut state.component.type_names, n, "type")?,
-                ComponentName::Instances(n) => {
-                    name_map(&mut state.component.instance_names, n, "instance")?
-                }
-                ComponentName::Components(n) => {
-                    name_map(&mut state.component.component_names, n, "component")?
-                }
-                ComponentName::Funcs(n) => name_map(&mut state.component.func_names, n, "func")?,
-                ComponentName::Values(n) => name_map(&mut state.component.value_names, n, "value")?,
-                ComponentName::Unknown { .. } => (),
-            }
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn print_core_type(&mut self, states: &mut Vec<State>, ty: CoreType) -> Result<()> {
-        self.start_group("core type ");
-        self.print_name(
-            &states.last().unwrap().core.type_names,
-            states.last().unwrap().core.types.len() as u32,
-        )?;
-        let ty = match ty {
-            CoreType::Func(ty) => {
-                self.result.push(' ');
-                self.start_group("func");
-                self.print_func_type(states.last().unwrap(), &ty, None)?;
-                self.end_group();
-                Some(SubType {
-                    is_final: false,
-                    supertype_idx: None,
-                    structural_type: StructuralType::Func(ty),
-                })
-            }
-            CoreType::Module(decls) => {
-                self.print_module_type(states, decls.into_vec())?;
-                None
-            }
-        };
-        self.end_group(); // `core type` itself
-
-        states.last_mut().unwrap().core.types.push(ty);
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn print_type(&mut self, state: &mut State, ty: SubType) -> Result<()> {
-        self.start_group("type ");
-        self.print_name(&state.core.type_names, state.core.types.len() as u32)?;
-        self.result.push(' ');
-        self.print_sub(state, &ty, None)?;
-        self.end_group(); // `type`
-        state.core.types.push(Some(ty));
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn print_sub(&mut self, state: &State, ty: &SubType, names_for: Option<u32>) -> Result<u32> {
-        let r = if ty.is_final || !ty.supertype_idx.is_none() {
-            self.start_group("sub");
-            self.print_sub_type(state, ty)?;
-            let r = self.print_structural(state, &ty.structural_type, names_for)?;
-            self.end_group(); // `sub`
-            r
-        } else {
-            self.print_structural(state, &ty.structural_type, names_for)?
-        };
-        Ok(r)
-    }
-
-    fn print_structural(
-        &mut self,
-        state: &State,
-        ty: &StructuralType,
-        names_for: Option<u32>,
-    ) -> Result<u32> {
-        let r = match &ty {
-            StructuralType::Func(ty) => {
-                self.start_group("func");
-                let r = self.print_func_type(state, ty, names_for)?;
-                self.end_group(); // `func`
-                r
-            }
-            StructuralType::Array(ty) => {
-                self.start_group("array");
-                let r = self.print_array_type(ty)?;
-                self.end_group(); // `array`
-                r
-            }
-            StructuralType::Struct(ty) => {
-                self.start_group("struct");
-                let r = self.print_struct_type(ty)?;
-                self.end_group(); // `struct`
-                r
-            }
-        };
-        Ok(r)
-    }
-
-    fn print_core_types(
-        &mut self,
-        states: &mut Vec<State>,
-        parser: CoreTypeSectionReader<'_>,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        for ty in parser.into_iter_with_offsets() {
-            let (offset, ty) = ty?;
-            self.newline(offset);
-            self.print_core_type(states, ty)?;
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn print_types(&mut self, state: &mut State, parser: TypeSectionReader<'_>) -> Result<()> {
-        for ty in parser.into_iter_with_offsets() {
-            let (offset, ty) = ty?;
-            self.newline(offset);
-            self.print_type(state, ty)?;
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn print_core_functype_idx(
-        &mut self,
-        state: &State,
-        idx: u32,
-        names_for: Option<u32>,
-    ) -> Result<Option<u32>> {
-        self.print_core_type_ref(state, idx)?;
-
-        match state.core.types.get(idx as usize) {
-            Some(Some(SubType {
-                structural_type: StructuralType::Func(ty),
-                ..
-            })) => self.print_func_type(state, ty, names_for).map(Some),
-            Some(Some(_)) | Some(None) | None => Ok(None),
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the number of parameters, useful for local index calculations
-    /// later.
-    fn print_func_type(
-        &mut self,
-        state: &State,
-        ty: &FuncType,
-        names_for: Option<u32>,
-    ) -> Result<u32> {
-        if !ty.params().is_empty() {
-            self.result.push(' ');
-        }
-
-        let mut params = NamedLocalPrinter::new("param");
-        // Note that named parameters must be alone in a `param` block, so
-        // we need to be careful to terminate previous param blocks and open
-        // a new one if that's the case with a named parameter.
-        for (i, param) in ty.params().iter().enumerate() {
-            let name = names_for.and_then(|n| state.core.local_names.get(&(n, i as u32)));
-            params.start_local(name, &mut self.result);
-            self.print_valtype(*param)?;
-            params.end_local(&mut self.result);
-        }
-        params.finish(&mut self.result);
-        if !ty.results().is_empty() {
-            self.result.push_str(" (result");
-            for result in ty.results().iter() {
-                self.result.push(' ');
-                self.print_valtype(*result)?;
-            }
-            self.result.push(')');
-        }
-        Ok(ty.params().len() as u32)
-    }
-
-    fn print_field_type(&mut self, ty: &FieldType) -> Result<u32> {
-        self.result.push(' ');
-        if ty.mutable {
-            self.result.push_str("(mut ");
-        }
-        self.print_storage_type(ty.element_type)?;
-        if ty.mutable {
-            self.result.push_str(")");
-        }
-        Ok(0)
-    }
-
-    fn print_array_type(&mut self, ty: &ArrayType) -> Result<u32> {
-        self.print_field_type(&ty.0)
-    }
-
-    fn print_struct_type(&mut self, ty: &StructType) -> Result<u32> {
-        for field in ty.fields.iter() {
-            self.result.push_str(" (field");
-            self.print_field_type(field)?;
-            self.result.push(')');
-        }
-        Ok(0)
-    }
-
-    fn print_sub_type(&mut self, state: &State, ty: &SubType) -> Result<u32> {
-        self.result.push(' ');
-        if ty.is_final {
-            self.result.push_str("final ");
-        }
-        for idx in &ty.supertype_idx {
-            self.print_name(&state.core.type_names, *idx)?;
-            self.result.push(' ');
-        }
-        Ok(0)
-    }
-
-    fn print_storage_type(&mut self, ty: StorageType) -> Result<()> {
-        match ty {
-            StorageType::I8 => self.result.push_str("i8"),
-            StorageType::I16 => self.result.push_str("i16"),
-            StorageType::Val(val_type) => self.print_valtype(val_type)?,
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn print_valtype(&mut self, ty: ValType) -> Result<()> {
-        match ty {
-            ValType::I32 => self.result.push_str("i32"),
-            ValType::I64 => self.result.push_str("i64"),
-            ValType::F32 => self.result.push_str("f32"),
-            ValType::F64 => self.result.push_str("f64"),
-            ValType::V128 => self.result.push_str("v128"),
-            ValType::Ref(rt) => self.print_reftype(rt)?,
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn print_reftype(&mut self, ty: RefType) -> Result<()> {
-        if ty.is_nullable() {
-            match ty.as_non_null() {
-                RefType::FUNC => self.result.push_str("funcref"),
-                RefType::EXTERN => self.result.push_str("externref"),
-                RefType::I31 => self.result.push_str("i31ref"),
-                RefType::ANY => self.result.push_str("anyref"),
-                RefType::NONE => self.result.push_str("nullref"),
-                RefType::NOEXTERN => self.result.push_str("nullexternref"),
-                RefType::NOFUNC => self.result.push_str("nullfuncref"),
-                RefType::EQ => self.result.push_str("eqref"),
-                RefType::STRUCT => self.result.push_str("structref"),
-                RefType::ARRAY => self.result.push_str("arrayref"),
-                _ => {
-                    self.result.push_str("(ref null ");
-                    self.print_heaptype(ty.heap_type())?;
-                    self.result.push_str(")");
-                }
-            }
-        } else {
-            self.result.push_str("(ref ");
-            self.print_heaptype(ty.heap_type())?;
-            self.result.push_str(")");
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn print_heaptype(&mut self, ty: HeapType) -> Result<()> {
-        match ty {
-            HeapType::Func => self.result.push_str("func"),
-            HeapType::Extern => self.result.push_str("extern"),
-            HeapType::Any => self.result.push_str("any"),
-            HeapType::None => self.result.push_str("none"),
-            HeapType::NoExtern => self.result.push_str("noextern"),
-            HeapType::NoFunc => self.result.push_str("nofunc"),
-            HeapType::Eq => self.result.push_str("eq"),
-            HeapType::Struct => self.result.push_str("struct"),
-            HeapType::Array => self.result.push_str("array"),
-            HeapType::I31 => self.result.push_str("i31"),
-            HeapType::Indexed(i) => self.result.push_str(&format!("{}", u32::from(i))),
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn print_imports(&mut self, state: &mut State, parser: ImportSectionReader<'_>) -> Result<()> {
-        for import in parser.into_iter_with_offsets() {
-            let (offset, import) = import?;
-            self.newline(offset);
-            self.print_import(state, &import, true)?;
-            match import.ty {
-                TypeRef::Func(_) => state.core.funcs += 1,
-                TypeRef::Table(_) => state.core.tables += 1,
-                TypeRef::Memory(_) => state.core.memories += 1,
-                TypeRef::Tag(_) => state.core.tags += 1,
-                TypeRef::Global(_) => state.core.globals += 1,
-            }
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn print_import(&mut self, state: &State, import: &Import<'_>, index: bool) -> Result<()> {
-        self.start_group("import ");
-        self.print_str(import.module)?;
-        self.result.push(' ');
-        self.print_str(import.name)?;
-        self.result.push(' ');
-        self.print_import_ty(state, &import.ty, index)?;
-        self.end_group();
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn print_import_ty(&mut self, state: &State, ty: &TypeRef, index: bool) -> Result<()> {
-        match ty {
-            TypeRef::Func(f) => {
-                self.start_group("func ");
-                if index {
-                    self.print_name(&state.core.func_names, state.core.funcs)?;
-                    self.result.push(' ');
-                }
-                self.print_core_type_ref(state, *f)?;
-            }
-            TypeRef::Table(f) => self.print_table_type(state, f, index)?,
-            TypeRef::Memory(f) => self.print_memory_type(state, f, index)?,
-            TypeRef::Tag(f) => self.print_tag_type(state, f, index)?,
-            TypeRef::Global(f) => self.print_global_type(state, f, index)?,
-        }
-        self.end_group();
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn print_table_type(&mut self, state: &State, ty: &TableType, index: bool) -> Result<()> {
-        self.start_group("table ");
-        if index {
-            self.print_name(&state.core.table_names, state.core.tables)?;
-            self.result.push(' ');
-        }
-        self.print_limits(ty.initial, ty.maximum)?;
-        self.result.push(' ');
-        self.print_reftype(ty.element_type)?;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn print_memory_type(&mut self, state: &State, ty: &MemoryType, index: bool) -> Result<()> {
-        self.start_group("memory ");
-        if index {
-            self.print_name(&state.core.memory_names, state.core.memories)?;
-            self.result.push(' ');
-        }
-        if ty.memory64 {
-            self.result.push_str("i64 ");
-        }
-        self.print_limits(ty.initial, ty.maximum)?;
-        if ty.shared {
-            self.result.push_str(" shared");
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn print_tag_type(&mut self, state: &State, ty: &TagType, index: bool) -> Result<()> {
-        self.start_group("tag ");
-        if index {
-            write!(self.result, "(;{};) ", state.core.tags)?;
-        }
-        self.print_core_functype_idx(state, ty.func_type_idx, None)?;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn print_limits<T>(&mut self, initial: T, maximum: Option<T>) -> Result<()>
-    where
-        T: fmt::Display,
-    {
-        write!(self.result, "{}", initial)?;
-        if let Some(max) = maximum {
-            write!(self.result, " {}", max)?;
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn print_global_type(&mut self, state: &State, ty: &GlobalType, index: bool) -> Result<()> {
-        self.start_group("global ");
-        if index {
-            self.print_name(&state.core.global_names, state.core.globals)?;
-            self.result.push(' ');
-        }
-        if ty.mutable {
-            self.result.push_str("(mut ");
-            self.print_valtype(ty.content_type)?;
-            self.result.push(')');
-        } else {
-            self.print_valtype(ty.content_type)?;
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn print_tables(&mut self, state: &mut State, parser: TableSectionReader<'_>) -> Result<()> {
-        for table in parser.into_iter_with_offsets() {
-            let (offset, table) = table?;
-            self.newline(offset);
-            self.print_table_type(state, &table.ty, true)?;
-            match &table.init {
-                TableInit::RefNull => {}
-                TableInit::Expr(expr) => {
-                    self.result.push_str(" ");
-                    self.print_const_expr(state, expr)?;
-                }
-            }
-            self.end_group();
-            state.core.tables += 1;
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn print_memories(&mut self, state: &mut State, parser: MemorySectionReader<'_>) -> Result<()> {
-        for memory in parser.into_iter_with_offsets() {
-            let (offset, memory) = memory?;
-            self.newline(offset);
-            self.print_memory_type(state, &memory, true)?;
-            self.end_group();
-            state.core.memories += 1;
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn print_tags(&mut self, state: &mut State, parser: TagSectionReader<'_>) -> Result<()> {
-        for tag in parser.into_iter_with_offsets() {
-            let (offset, tag) = tag?;
-            self.newline(offset);
-            self.print_tag_type(state, &tag, true)?;
-            self.end_group();
-            state.core.tags += 1;
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn print_globals(&mut self, state: &mut State, parser: GlobalSectionReader<'_>) -> Result<()> {
-        for global in parser.into_iter_with_offsets() {
-            let (offset, global) = global?;
-            self.newline(offset);
-            self.print_global_type(state, &global.ty, true)?;
-            self.result.push(' ');
-            self.print_const_expr(state, &global.init_expr)?;
-            self.end_group();
-            state.core.globals += 1;
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn print_code(
-        &mut self,
-        state: &mut State,
-        code: &[FunctionBody<'_>],
-        funcs: FunctionSectionReader<'_>,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        if funcs.count() != code.len() as u32 {
-            bail!("mismatch in function and code section counts");
-        }
-        for (body, ty) in code.iter().zip(funcs) {
-            let mut body = body.get_binary_reader();
-            let offset = body.original_position();
-            let ty = ty?;
-            self.newline(offset);
-            self.start_group("func ");
-            let func_idx = state.core.funcs;
-            self.print_name(&state.core.func_names, func_idx)?;
-            self.result.push(' ');
-            let params = self
-                .print_core_functype_idx(state, ty, Some(func_idx))?
-                .unwrap_or(0);
-
-            if self.print_skeleton {
-                self.result.push_str(" ...");
-            } else {
-                self.print_func_body(state, func_idx, params, &mut body)?;
-            }
-
-            self.end_group();
-
-            state.core.funcs += 1;
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn print_func_body(
-        &mut self,
-        state: &mut State,
-        func_idx: u32,
-        params: u32,
-        body: &mut BinaryReader<'_>,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        let mut first = true;
-        let mut local_idx = 0;
-        let mut locals = NamedLocalPrinter::new("local");
-        for _ in 0..body.read_var_u32()? {
-            let offset = body.original_position();
-            let cnt = body.read_var_u32()?;
-            let ty = body.read()?;
-            if MAX_LOCALS
-                .checked_sub(local_idx)
-                .and_then(|s| s.checked_sub(cnt))
-                .is_none()
-            {
-                bail!("function exceeds the maximum number of locals that can be printed");
-            }
-            for _ in 0..cnt {
-                if first {
-                    self.newline(offset);
-                    first = false;
-                }
-                let name = state.core.local_names.get(&(func_idx, params + local_idx));
-                locals.start_local(name, &mut self.result);
-                self.print_valtype(ty)?;
-                locals.end_local(&mut self.result);
-                local_idx += 1;
-            }
-        }
-        locals.finish(&mut self.result);
-
-        state.core.labels = 0;
-        let nesting_start = self.nesting;
-        body.allow_memarg64(true);
-
-        let mut buf = String::new();
-        let mut op_printer = operator::PrintOperator::new(self, state);
-        while !body.eof() {
-            // TODO
-            let offset = body.original_position();
-            mem::swap(&mut buf, &mut op_printer.printer.result);
-            let op_kind = body.visit_operator(&mut op_printer)??;
-            mem::swap(&mut buf, &mut op_printer.printer.result);
-
-            match op_kind {
-                // The final `end` in a reader is not printed, it's implied
-                // in the text format.
-                operator::OpKind::End if body.eof() => break,
-
-                // When we start a block we newline to the current
-                // indentation, then we increase the indentation so further
-                // instructions are tabbed over.
-                operator::OpKind::BlockStart => {
-                    op_printer.printer.newline(offset);
-                    op_printer.printer.nesting += 1;
-                }
-
-                // `else`/`catch` are special in that it's printed at
-                // the previous indentation, but it doesn't actually change
-                // our nesting level.
-                operator::OpKind::BlockMid => {
-                    op_printer.printer.nesting -= 1;
-                    op_printer.printer.newline(offset);
-                    op_printer.printer.nesting += 1;
-                }
-
-                // Exiting a block prints `end` at the previous indentation
-                // level. `delegate` also ends a block like `end` for `try`.
-                operator::OpKind::End | operator::OpKind::Delegate
-                    if op_printer.printer.nesting > nesting_start =>
-                {
-                    op_printer.printer.nesting -= 1;
-                    op_printer.printer.newline(offset);
-                }
-
-                // .. otherwise everything else just has a normal newline
-                // out in front.
-                _ => op_printer.printer.newline(offset),
-            }
-            op_printer.printer.result.push_str(&buf);
-            buf.truncate(0);
-        }
-
-        // If this was an invalid function body then the nesting may not
-        // have reset back to normal. Fix that up here and forcibly insert
-        // a newline as well in case the last instruction was something
-        // like an `if` which has a comment after it which could interfere
-        // with the closing paren printed for the func.
-        if self.nesting != nesting_start {
-            self.nesting = nesting_start;
-            self.newline(body.original_position());
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn newline(&mut self, offset: usize) {
-        self.print_newline(Some(offset))
-    }
-
-    fn newline_unknown_pos(&mut self) {
-        self.print_newline(None)
-    }
-
-    fn print_newline(&mut self, offset: Option<usize>) {
-        self.result.push('\n');
-
-        self.lines.push(self.result.len());
-        self.line_offsets.push(offset);
-
-        if self.print_offsets {
-            match offset {
-                Some(offset) => write!(self.result, "(;@{offset:<6x};)").unwrap(),
-                None => self.result.push_str("           "),
-            }
-        }
-        self.line += 1;
-
-        // Clamp the maximum nesting size that we print at something somewhat
-        // reasonable to avoid generating hundreds of megabytes of whitespace
-        // for small-ish modules that have deep-ish nesting.
-        for _ in 0..self.nesting.min(MAX_NESTING_TO_PRINT) {
-            self.result.push_str("  ");
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn print_exports(&mut self, state: &State, data: ExportSectionReader) -> Result<()> {
-        for export in data.into_iter_with_offsets() {
-            let (offset, export) = export?;
-            self.newline(offset);
-            self.print_export(state, &export)?;
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn print_export(&mut self, state: &State, export: &Export) -> Result<()> {
-        self.start_group("export ");
-        self.print_str(export.name)?;
-        self.result.push(' ');
-        self.print_external_kind(state, export.kind, export.index)?;
-        self.end_group(); // export
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn print_external_kind(&mut self, state: &State, kind: ExternalKind, index: u32) -> Result<()> {
-        self.result.push('(');
-        match kind {
-            ExternalKind::Func => {
-                self.result.push_str("func ");
-                self.print_idx(&state.core.func_names, index)?;
-            }
-            ExternalKind::Table => {
-                self.result.push_str("table ");
-                self.print_idx(&state.core.table_names, index)?;
-            }
-            ExternalKind::Global => {
-                self.result.push_str("global ");
-                self.print_idx(&state.core.global_names, index)?;
-            }
-            ExternalKind::Memory => {
-                self.result.push_str("memory ");
-                self.print_idx(&state.core.memory_names, index)?;
-            }
-            ExternalKind::Tag => write!(self.result, "tag {}", index)?,
-        }
-        self.result.push(')');
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn print_core_type_ref(&mut self, state: &State, idx: u32) -> Result<()> {
-        self.result.push_str("(type ");
-        self.print_idx(&state.core.type_names, idx)?;
-        self.result.push(')');
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn print_component_type_ref(&mut self, state: &State, idx: u32) -> Result<()> {
-        self.result.push_str("(type ");
-        self.print_idx(&state.component.type_names, idx)?;
-        self.result.push(')');
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn print_idx(&mut self, names: &HashMap<u32, Naming>, idx: u32) -> Result<()> {
-        match names.get(&idx) {
-            Some(name) => write!(self.result, "${}", name.identifier())?,
-            None => write!(self.result, "{}", idx)?,
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn print_local_idx(&mut self, state: &State, func: u32, idx: u32) -> Result<()> {
-        match state.core.local_names.get(&(func, idx)) {
-            Some(name) => write!(self.result, "${}", name.identifier())?,
-            None => write!(self.result, "{}", idx)?,
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn print_name(&mut self, names: &HashMap<u32, Naming>, cur_idx: u32) -> Result<()> {
-        if let Some(name) = names.get(&cur_idx) {
-            name.write(&mut self.result);
-            self.result.push(' ');
-        }
-        write!(self.result, "(;{};)", cur_idx)?;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn print_elems(&mut self, state: &mut State, data: ElementSectionReader) -> Result<()> {
-        for (i, elem) in data.into_iter_with_offsets().enumerate() {
-            let (offset, mut elem) = elem?;
-            self.newline(offset);
-            self.start_group("elem ");
-            self.print_name(&state.core.element_names, i as u32)?;
-            match &mut elem.kind {
-                ElementKind::Passive => {}
-                ElementKind::Declared => write!(self.result, " declare")?,
-                ElementKind::Active {
-                    table_index,
-                    offset_expr,
-                } => {
-                    let table_index = table_index.unwrap_or(0);
-                    if table_index != 0 {
-                        self.result.push_str(" (table ");
-                        self.print_idx(&state.core.table_names, table_index)?;
-                        self.result.push(')');
-                    }
-                    self.result.push(' ');
-                    self.print_const_expr_sugar(state, offset_expr, "offset")?;
-                }
-            }
-            self.result.push(' ');
-
-            if self.print_skeleton {
-                self.result.push_str("...");
-            } else {
-                match elem.items {
-                    ElementItems::Functions(reader) => {
-                        self.result.push_str("func");
-                        for idx in reader {
-                            self.result.push(' ');
-                            self.print_idx(&state.core.func_names, idx?)?
-                        }
-                    }
-                    ElementItems::Expressions(ty, reader) => {
-                        self.print_reftype(ty)?;
-                        for expr in reader {
-                            self.result.push(' ');
-                            self.print_const_expr_sugar(state, &expr?, "item")?
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            self.end_group();
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn print_data(&mut self, state: &mut State, data: DataSectionReader) -> Result<()> {
-        for (i, data) in data.into_iter_with_offsets().enumerate() {
-            let (offset, data) = data?;
-            self.newline(offset);
-            self.start_group("data ");
-            self.print_name(&state.core.data_names, i as u32)?;
-            self.result.push(' ');
-            match &data.kind {
-                DataKind::Passive => {}
-                DataKind::Active {
-                    memory_index,
-                    offset_expr,
-                } => {
-                    if *memory_index != 0 {
-                        self.result.push_str("(memory ");
-                        self.print_idx(&state.core.memory_names, *memory_index)?;
-                        self.result.push_str(") ");
-                    }
-                    self.print_const_expr_sugar(state, offset_expr, "offset")?;
-                    self.result.push(' ');
-                }
-            }
-            if self.print_skeleton {
-                self.result.push_str("...");
-            } else {
-                self.print_bytes(data.data)?;
-            }
-            self.end_group();
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// Prints the operators of `expr` space-separated, taking into account that
-    /// if there's only one operator in `expr` then instead of `(explicit ...)`
-    /// the printing can be `(...)`.
-    fn print_const_expr_sugar(
-        &mut self,
-        state: &mut State,
-        expr: &ConstExpr,
-        explicit: &str,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        self.start_group("");
-        let mut prev = mem::take(&mut self.result);
-        let mut reader = expr.get_operators_reader();
-        let mut op_printer = operator::PrintOperator::new(self, state);
-        let mut first_op = None;
-        for i in 0.. {
-            if reader.eof() {
-                break;
-            }
-            match reader.visit_operator(&mut op_printer)?? {
-                operator::OpKind::End if reader.eof() => {}
-
-                _ if i == 0 => first_op = Some(mem::take(&mut op_printer.printer.result)),
-
-                _ => {
-                    if i == 1 {
-                        prev.push_str(explicit);
-                        prev.push(' ');
-                        prev.push_str(&first_op.take().unwrap());
-                    }
-                    prev.push(' ');
-                    prev.push_str(&op_printer.printer.result);
-                }
-            }
-
-            op_printer.printer.result.truncate(0);
-        }
-
-        // If `first_op` is still set here then it means we don't need to print
-        // an expression with `explicit` as the leading token, instead we can
-        // print the single operator.
-        if let Some(op) = first_op {
-            prev.push_str(&op);
-        }
-        self.result = prev;
-        self.end_group();
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// Prints the operators of `expr` space-separated.
-    fn print_const_expr(&mut self, state: &mut State, expr: &ConstExpr) -> Result<()> {
-        let mut reader = expr.get_operators_reader();
-        let mut first = true;
-
-        let mut result = mem::take(&mut self.result);
-        let mut op_printer = operator::PrintOperator::new(self, state);
-        while !reader.eof() {
-            if first {
-                first = false;
-            } else {
-                op_printer.printer.result.push(' ');
-            }
-            match reader.visit_operator(&mut op_printer)?? {
-                operator::OpKind::End if reader.eof() => {}
-                _ => {
-                    result.push_str(&op_printer.printer.result);
-                    op_printer.printer.result.truncate(0);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        self.result = result;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn print_primitive_val_type(&mut self, ty: &PrimitiveValType) {
-        match ty {
-            PrimitiveValType::Bool => self.result.push_str("bool"),
-            PrimitiveValType::S8 => self.result.push_str("s8"),
-            PrimitiveValType::U8 => self.result.push_str("u8"),
-            PrimitiveValType::S16 => self.result.push_str("s16"),
-            PrimitiveValType::U16 => self.result.push_str("u16"),
-            PrimitiveValType::S32 => self.result.push_str("s32"),
-            PrimitiveValType::U32 => self.result.push_str("u32"),
-            PrimitiveValType::S64 => self.result.push_str("s64"),
-            PrimitiveValType::U64 => self.result.push_str("u64"),
-            PrimitiveValType::Float32 => self.result.push_str("float32"),
-            PrimitiveValType::Float64 => self.result.push_str("float64"),
-            PrimitiveValType::Char => self.result.push_str("char"),
-            PrimitiveValType::String => self.result.push_str("string"),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn print_record_type(
-        &mut self,
-        state: &State,
-        fields: &[(&str, ComponentValType)],
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        self.start_group("record");
-        for (name, ty) in fields.iter() {
-            self.result.push(' ');
-            self.start_group("field ");
-            self.print_str(name)?;
-            self.result.push(' ');
-            self.print_component_val_type(state, ty)?;
-            self.end_group()
-        }
-        self.end_group();
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn print_variant_type(&mut self, state: &State, cases: &[VariantCase]) -> Result<()> {
-        self.start_group("variant");
-        for case in cases {
-            self.result.push(' ');
-            self.start_group("case ");
-            self.print_str(case.name)?;
-
-            if let Some(ty) = case.ty {
-                self.result.push(' ');
-                self.print_component_val_type(state, &ty)?;
-            }
-
-            if let Some(refines) = case.refines {
-                self.result.push(' ');
-                self.start_group("refines ");
-                write!(&mut self.result, "{}", refines)?;
-                self.end_group();
-            }
-            self.end_group()
-        }
-        self.end_group();
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn print_list_type(&mut self, state: &State, element_ty: &ComponentValType) -> Result<()> {
-        self.start_group("list ");
-        self.print_component_val_type(state, element_ty)?;
-        self.end_group();
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn print_tuple_or_union_type(
-        &mut self,
-        ty: &str,
-        state: &State,
-        tys: &[ComponentValType],
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        self.start_group(ty);
-        for ty in tys {
-            self.result.push(' ');
-            self.print_component_val_type(state, ty)?;
-        }
-        self.end_group();
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn print_flag_or_enum_type(&mut self, ty: &str, names: &[&str]) -> Result<()> {
-        self.start_group(ty);
-        for name in names {
-            self.result.push(' ');
-            self.print_str(name)?;
-        }
-        self.end_group();
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn print_option_type(&mut self, state: &State, inner: &ComponentValType) -> Result<()> {
-        self.start_group("option ");
-        self.print_component_val_type(state, inner)?;
-        self.end_group();
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn print_result_type(
-        &mut self,
-        state: &State,
-        ok: Option<ComponentValType>,
-        err: Option<ComponentValType>,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        self.start_group("result");
-
-        if let Some(ok) = ok {
-            self.result.push(' ');
-            self.print_component_val_type(state, &ok)?;
-        }
-
-        if let Some(err) = err {
-            self.result.push(' ');
-            self.start_group("error ");
-            self.print_component_val_type(state, &err)?;
-            self.end_group();
-        }
-
-        self.end_group();
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn print_defined_type(&mut self, state: &State, ty: &ComponentDefinedType) -> Result<()> {
-        match ty {
-            ComponentDefinedType::Primitive(ty) => self.print_primitive_val_type(ty),
-            ComponentDefinedType::Record(fields) => self.print_record_type(state, fields)?,
-            ComponentDefinedType::Variant(cases) => self.print_variant_type(state, cases)?,
-            ComponentDefinedType::List(ty) => self.print_list_type(state, ty)?,
-            ComponentDefinedType::Tuple(tys) => {
-                self.print_tuple_or_union_type("tuple", state, tys)?
-            }
-            ComponentDefinedType::Flags(names) => self.print_flag_or_enum_type("flags", names)?,
-            ComponentDefinedType::Enum(cases) => self.print_flag_or_enum_type("enum", cases)?,
-            ComponentDefinedType::Union(tys) => {
-                self.print_tuple_or_union_type("union", state, tys)?
-            }
-            ComponentDefinedType::Option(ty) => self.print_option_type(state, ty)?,
-            ComponentDefinedType::Result { ok, err } => self.print_result_type(state, *ok, *err)?,
-            ComponentDefinedType::Own(idx) => {
-                self.start_group("own ");
-                self.print_idx(&state.component.type_names, *idx)?;
-                self.end_group();
-            }
-            ComponentDefinedType::Borrow(idx) => {
-                self.start_group("borrow ");
-                self.print_idx(&state.component.type_names, *idx)?;
-                self.end_group();
-            }
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn print_component_val_type(&mut self, state: &State, ty: &ComponentValType) -> Result<()> {
-        match ty {
-            ComponentValType::Primitive(ty) => self.print_primitive_val_type(ty),
-            ComponentValType::Type(idx) => {
-                self.print_idx(&state.component.type_names, *idx)?;
-            }
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn print_module_type(
-        &mut self,
-        states: &mut Vec<State>,
-        decls: Vec<ModuleTypeDeclaration>,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        states.push(State::new(Encoding::Module));
-        self.newline_unknown_pos();
-        self.start_group("module");
-        for decl in decls {
-            self.newline_unknown_pos();
-            match decl {
-                ModuleTypeDeclaration::Type(ty) => {
-                    self.print_type(states.last_mut().unwrap(), ty)?
-                }
-                ModuleTypeDeclaration::OuterAlias { kind, count, index } => {
-                    self.print_outer_alias(states, kind, count, index)?;
-                }
-                ModuleTypeDeclaration::Export { name, ty } => {
-                    self.start_group("export ");
-                    self.print_str(name)?;
-                    self.result.push(' ');
-                    self.print_import_ty(states.last_mut().unwrap(), &ty, false)?;
-                    self.end_group();
-                }
-                ModuleTypeDeclaration::Import(import) => {
-                    self.print_import(states.last_mut().unwrap(), &import, false)?;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        self.end_group();
-        states.pop();
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn print_component_type<'a>(
-        &mut self,
-        states: &mut Vec<State>,
-        decls: Vec<ComponentTypeDeclaration<'a>>,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        states.push(State::new(Encoding::Component));
-        self.newline_unknown_pos();
-        self.start_group("component");
-        for decl in decls {
-            self.newline_unknown_pos();
-            match decl {
-                ComponentTypeDeclaration::CoreType(ty) => self.print_core_type(states, ty)?,
-                ComponentTypeDeclaration::Type(ty) => self.print_component_type_def(states, ty)?,
-                ComponentTypeDeclaration::Alias(alias) => {
-                    self.print_component_alias(states, alias)?;
-                }
-                ComponentTypeDeclaration::Export { name, ty } => {
-                    self.start_group("export ");
-                    self.print_component_kind_name(states.last_mut().unwrap(), ty.kind())?;
-                    self.print_component_import_name(name.into())?;
-                    self.result.push(' ');
-                    self.print_component_import_ty(states.last_mut().unwrap(), &ty, false)?;
-                    self.end_group();
-                }
-                ComponentTypeDeclaration::Import(import) => {
-                    self.print_component_import(states.last_mut().unwrap(), &import, true)?
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        self.end_group();
-        states.pop().unwrap();
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn print_instance_type<'a>(
-        &mut self,
-        states: &mut Vec<State>,
-        decls: Vec<InstanceTypeDeclaration<'a>>,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        states.push(State::new(Encoding::Component));
-        self.newline_unknown_pos();
-        self.start_group("instance");
-        for decl in decls {
-            self.newline_unknown_pos();
-            match decl {
-                InstanceTypeDeclaration::CoreType(ty) => self.print_core_type(states, ty)?,
-                InstanceTypeDeclaration::Type(ty) => self.print_component_type_def(states, ty)?,
-                InstanceTypeDeclaration::Alias(alias) => {
-                    self.print_component_alias(states, alias)?;
-                }
-                InstanceTypeDeclaration::Export { name, ty } => {
-                    self.start_group("export ");
-                    self.print_component_kind_name(states.last_mut().unwrap(), ty.kind())?;
-                    self.print_component_import_name(name.into())?;
-                    self.result.push(' ');
-                    self.print_component_import_ty(states.last_mut().unwrap(), &ty, false)?;
-                    self.end_group();
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        self.end_group();
-        states.pop().unwrap();
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn outer_state(states: &[State], count: u32) -> Result<&State> {
-        let count = count as usize;
-        if count >= states.len() {
-            bail!("invalid outer alias count of {}", count);
-        }
-
-        Ok(&states[states.len() - count - 1])
-    }
-
-    fn print_outer_alias(
-        &mut self,
-        states: &mut [State],
-        kind: OuterAliasKind,
-        count: u32,
-        index: u32,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        let state = states.last().unwrap();
-        let outer = Self::outer_state(states, count)?;
-        self.start_group("alias outer ");
-        if let Some(name) = outer.name.as_ref() {
-            name.write(&mut self.result);
-        } else {
-            self.result.push_str(count.to_string().as_str());
-        }
-        self.result.push(' ');
-        match kind {
-            OuterAliasKind::Type => {
-                self.print_idx(&outer.core.type_names, index)?;
-                self.result.push(' ');
-                self.start_group("type ");
-                self.print_name(&state.core.type_names, state.core.types.len() as u32)?;
-            }
-        }
-        self.end_group(); // kind
-        self.end_group(); // alias
-
-        let state = states.last_mut().unwrap();
-        match kind {
-            OuterAliasKind::Type => state.core.types.push(None),
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn print_component_func_type(&mut self, state: &State, ty: &ComponentFuncType) -> Result<()> {
-        self.start_group("func");
-        for (name, ty) in ty.params.iter() {
-            self.result.push(' ');
-            self.start_group("param ");
-            self.print_str(name)?;
-            self.result.push(' ');
-            self.print_component_val_type(state, ty)?;
-            self.end_group()
-        }
-
-        for (name, ty) in ty.results.iter() {
-            self.result.push(' ');
-            self.start_group("result ");
-            if let Some(name) = name {
-                self.print_str(name)?;
-                self.result.push(' ');
-            }
-            self.print_component_val_type(state, ty)?;
-            self.end_group()
-        }
-
-        self.end_group();
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn print_component_type_def<'a>(
-        &mut self,
-        states: &mut Vec<State>,
-        ty: ComponentType<'a>,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        self.start_group("type ");
-        {
-            let state = states.last_mut().unwrap();
-            self.print_name(&state.component.type_names, state.component.types)?;
-        }
-        match ty {
-            ComponentType::Defined(ty) => {
-                self.result.push(' ');
-                self.print_defined_type(states.last_mut().unwrap(), &ty)?;
-            }
-            ComponentType::Func(ty) => {
-                self.result.push(' ');
-                self.print_component_func_type(states.last_mut().unwrap(), &ty)?;
-            }
-            ComponentType::Component(decls) => {
-                self.print_component_type(states, decls.into_vec())?;
-            }
-            ComponentType::Instance(decls) => {
-                self.print_instance_type(states, decls.into_vec())?;
-            }
-            ComponentType::Resource { rep, dtor } => {
-                self.result.push_str(" ");
-                self.start_group("resource");
-                self.result.push_str(" (rep ");
-                self.print_valtype(rep)?;
-                self.result.push_str(")");
-                if let Some(dtor) = dtor {
-                    self.result.push_str(" (dtor (func ");
-                    self.print_idx(&states.last().unwrap().core.func_names, dtor)?;
-                    self.result.push_str("))");
-                }
-                self.end_group();
-            }
-        }
-        self.end_group();
-
-        states.last_mut().unwrap().component.types += 1;
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn print_component_types<'a>(
-        &mut self,
-        states: &mut Vec<State>,
-        parser: ComponentTypeSectionReader<'a>,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        for ty in parser.into_iter_with_offsets() {
-            let (offset, ty) = ty?;
-            self.newline(offset);
-            self.print_component_type_def(states, ty)?;
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn print_component_imports(
-        &mut self,
-        state: &mut State,
-        parser: ComponentImportSectionReader,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        for import in parser.into_iter_with_offsets() {
-            let (offset, import) = import?;
-            self.newline(offset);
-            self.print_component_import(state, &import, true)?;
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn print_component_import(
-        &mut self,
-        state: &mut State,
-        import: &ComponentImport,
-        index: bool,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        self.start_group("import ");
-        self.print_component_import_name(import.name)?;
-        self.result.push(' ');
-        self.print_component_import_ty(state, &import.ty, index)?;
-        self.end_group();
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn print_component_import_name(&mut self, name: ComponentExternName<'_>) -> Result<()> {
-        match name {
-            ComponentExternName::Kebab(s) => self.print_str(s),
-            ComponentExternName::Interface(s) => {
-                self.start_group("interface ");
-                self.print_str(s)?;
-                self.end_group();
-                Ok(())
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn print_component_import_ty(
-        &mut self,
-        state: &mut State,
-        ty: &ComponentTypeRef,
-        index: bool,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        match ty {
-            ComponentTypeRef::Module(idx) => {
-                self.start_group("core module ");
-                if index {
-                    self.print_name(&state.core.module_names, state.core.modules as u32)?;
-                    self.result.push(' ');
-                    state.core.modules += 1;
-                }
-                self.print_component_type_ref(state, *idx)?;
-                self.end_group();
-            }
-            ComponentTypeRef::Func(idx) => {
-                self.start_group("func ");
-                if index {
-                    self.print_name(&state.component.func_names, state.component.funcs)?;
-                    self.result.push(' ');
-                    state.component.funcs += 1;
-                }
-                self.print_component_type_ref(state, *idx)?;
-                self.end_group();
-            }
-            ComponentTypeRef::Value(ty) => {
-                self.start_group("value ");
-                if index {
-                    self.print_name(&state.component.value_names, state.component.values)?;
-                    self.result.push(' ');
-                    state.component.values += 1;
-                }
-                match ty {
-                    ComponentValType::Primitive(ty) => self.print_primitive_val_type(ty),
-                    ComponentValType::Type(idx) => {
-                        self.print_component_type_ref(state, *idx)?;
-                    }
-                }
-                self.end_group();
-            }
-            ComponentTypeRef::Type(bounds) => {
-                self.result.push_str("(type ");
-                if index {
-                    self.print_name(&state.component.type_names, state.component.types)?;
-                    self.result.push(' ');
-                    state.component.types += 1;
-                }
-                match bounds {
-                    TypeBounds::Eq(idx) => {
-                        self.result.push_str("(eq ");
-                        self.print_idx(&state.component.type_names, *idx)?;
-                        self.result.push(')');
-                    }
-                    TypeBounds::SubResource => {
-                        self.result.push_str("(sub resource)");
-                    }
-                };
-                self.result.push(')');
-            }
-            ComponentTypeRef::Instance(idx) => {
-                self.start_group("instance ");
-                if index {
-                    self.print_name(&state.component.instance_names, state.component.instances)?;
-                    self.result.push(' ');
-                    state.component.instances += 1;
-                }
-                self.print_component_type_ref(state, *idx)?;
-                self.end_group();
-            }
-            ComponentTypeRef::Component(idx) => {
-                self.start_group("component ");
-                if index {
-                    self.print_name(&state.component.component_names, state.component.components)?;
-                    self.result.push(' ');
-                    state.component.components += 1;
-                }
-                self.print_component_type_ref(state, *idx)?;
-                self.end_group();
-            }
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn print_component_exports(
-        &mut self,
-        state: &mut State,
-        parser: ComponentExportSectionReader,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        for export in parser.into_iter_with_offsets() {
-            let (offset, export) = export?;
-            self.newline(offset);
-            self.print_component_export(state, &export, true)?;
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn print_component_export(
-        &mut self,
-        state: &mut State,
-        export: &ComponentExport,
-        named: bool,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        self.start_group("export ");
-        if named {
-            self.print_component_kind_name(state, export.kind)?;
-        }
-        self.print_component_import_name(export.name.into())?;
-        self.result.push(' ');
-        self.print_component_external_kind(state, export.kind, export.index)?;
-        if let Some(ty) = &export.ty {
-            self.result.push(' ');
-            self.print_component_import_ty(state, &ty, false)?;
-        }
-        self.end_group();
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn print_component_kind_name(
-        &mut self,
-        state: &mut State,
-        kind: ComponentExternalKind,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        match kind {
-            ComponentExternalKind::Func => {
-                self.print_name(&state.component.func_names, state.component.funcs)?;
-                state.component.funcs += 1;
-            }
-            ComponentExternalKind::Module => {
-                self.print_name(&state.core.module_names, state.core.modules)?;
-                state.core.modules += 1;
-            }
-            ComponentExternalKind::Value => {
-                self.print_name(&state.component.value_names, state.component.values)?;
-                state.component.values += 1;
-            }
-            ComponentExternalKind::Type => {
-                self.print_name(&state.component.type_names, state.component.types)?;
-                state.component.types += 1;
-            }
-            ComponentExternalKind::Instance => {
-                self.print_name(&state.component.instance_names, state.component.instances)?;
-                state.component.instances += 1;
-            }
-            ComponentExternalKind::Component => {
-                self.print_name(&state.component.component_names, state.component.components)?;
-                state.component.components += 1;
-            }
-        }
-        self.result.push(' ');
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn print_component_external_kind(
-        &mut self,
-        state: &State,
-        kind: ComponentExternalKind,
-        index: u32,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        match kind {
-            ComponentExternalKind::Module => {
-                self.start_group("core module ");
-                self.print_idx(&state.core.module_names, index)?;
-            }
-            ComponentExternalKind::Component => {
-                self.start_group("component ");
-                self.print_idx(&state.component.component_names, index)?;
-            }
-            ComponentExternalKind::Instance => {
-                self.start_group("instance ");
-                self.print_idx(&state.component.instance_names, index)?;
-            }
-            ComponentExternalKind::Func => {
-                self.start_group("func ");
-                self.print_idx(&state.component.func_names, index)?;
-            }
-            ComponentExternalKind::Value => {
-                self.start_group("value ");
-                self.print_idx(&state.component.value_names, index)?;
-            }
-            ComponentExternalKind::Type => {
-                self.start_group("type ");
-                self.print_idx(&state.component.type_names, index)?;
-            }
-        }
-        self.end_group();
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn print_canonical_options(
-        &mut self,
-        state: &State,
-        options: &[CanonicalOption],
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        for option in options {
-            self.result.push(' ');
-            match option {
-                CanonicalOption::UTF8 => self.result.push_str("string-encoding=utf8"),
-                CanonicalOption::UTF16 => self.result.push_str("string-encoding=utf16"),
-                CanonicalOption::CompactUTF16 => {
-                    self.result.push_str("string-encoding=latin1+utf16")
-                }
-                CanonicalOption::Memory(idx) => {
-                    self.start_group("memory ");
-                    self.print_idx(&state.core.memory_names, *idx)?;
-                    self.end_group();
-                }
-                CanonicalOption::Realloc(idx) => {
-                    self.start_group("realloc ");
-                    self.print_idx(&state.core.func_names, *idx)?;
-                    self.end_group();
-                }
-                CanonicalOption::PostReturn(idx) => {
-                    self.start_group("post-return ");
-                    self.print_idx(&state.core.func_names, *idx)?;
-                    self.end_group();
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn print_canonical_functions(
-        &mut self,
-        state: &mut State,
-        parser: ComponentCanonicalSectionReader,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        for func in parser.into_iter_with_offsets() {
-            let (offset, func) = func?;
-            self.newline(offset);
-            match func {
-                CanonicalFunction::Lift {
-                    core_func_index,
-                    type_index,
-                    options,
-                } => {
-                    self.start_group("func ");
-                    self.print_name(&state.component.func_names, state.component.funcs)?;
-                    self.result.push(' ');
-                    self.start_group("type ");
-                    self.print_idx(&state.component.type_names, type_index)?;
-                    self.end_group();
-                    self.result.push(' ');
-                    self.start_group("canon lift ");
-                    self.start_group("core func ");
-                    self.print_idx(&state.core.func_names, core_func_index)?;
-                    self.end_group();
-                    self.print_canonical_options(state, &options)?;
-                    self.end_group();
-                    self.end_group();
-                    state.component.funcs += 1;
-                }
-                CanonicalFunction::Lower {
-                    func_index,
-                    options,
-                } => {
-                    self.start_group("core func ");
-                    self.print_name(&state.core.func_names, state.core.funcs)?;
-                    self.result.push(' ');
-                    self.start_group("canon lower ");
-                    self.start_group("func ");
-                    self.print_idx(&state.component.func_names, func_index)?;
-                    self.end_group();
-                    self.print_canonical_options(state, &options)?;
-                    self.end_group();
-                    self.end_group();
-                    state.core.funcs += 1;
-                }
-                CanonicalFunction::ResourceNew { resource } => {
-                    self.start_group("core func ");
-                    self.print_name(&state.core.func_names, state.core.funcs)?;
-                    self.result.push(' ');
-                    self.start_group("canon resource.new ");
-                    self.print_idx(&state.component.type_names, resource)?;
-                    self.end_group();
-                    self.end_group();
-                    state.core.funcs += 1;
-                }
-                CanonicalFunction::ResourceDrop { resource } => {
-                    self.start_group("core func ");
-                    self.print_name(&state.core.func_names, state.core.funcs)?;
-                    self.result.push(' ');
-                    self.start_group("canon resource.drop ");
-                    self.print_idx(&state.component.type_names, resource)?;
-                    self.end_group();
-                    self.end_group();
-                    state.core.funcs += 1;
-                }
-                CanonicalFunction::ResourceRep { resource } => {
-                    self.start_group("core func ");
-                    self.print_name(&state.core.func_names, state.core.funcs)?;
-                    self.result.push(' ');
-                    self.start_group("canon resource.rep ");
-                    self.print_idx(&state.component.type_names, resource)?;
-                    self.end_group();
-                    self.end_group();
-                    state.core.funcs += 1;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn print_instances(&mut self, state: &mut State, parser: InstanceSectionReader) -> Result<()> {
-        for instance in parser.into_iter_with_offsets() {
-            let (offset, instance) = instance?;
-            self.newline(offset);
-            self.start_group("core instance ");
-            self.print_name(&state.core.instance_names, state.core.instances)?;
-            match instance {
-                Instance::Instantiate { module_index, args } => {
-                    self.result.push(' ');
-                    self.start_group("instantiate ");
-                    self.print_idx(&state.core.module_names, module_index)?;
-                    for arg in args.iter() {
-                        self.newline(offset);
-                        self.print_instantiation_arg(state, arg)?;
-                    }
-                    self.end_group();
-                    state.core.instances += 1;
-                }
-                Instance::FromExports(exports) => {
-                    for export in exports.iter() {
-                        self.newline(offset);
-                        self.print_export(state, export)?;
-                    }
-                    state.core.instances += 1;
-                }
-            }
-            self.end_group();
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn print_component_instances(
-        &mut self,
-        state: &mut State,
-        parser: ComponentInstanceSectionReader,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        for instance in parser.into_iter_with_offsets() {
-            let (offset, instance) = instance?;
-            self.newline(offset);
-            self.start_group("instance ");
-            self.print_name(&state.component.instance_names, state.component.instances)?;
-            state.component.instances += 1;
-            match instance {
-                ComponentInstance::Instantiate {
-                    component_index,
-                    args,
-                } => {
-                    self.result.push(' ');
-                    self.start_group("instantiate ");
-                    self.print_idx(&state.component.component_names, component_index)?;
-                    for arg in args.iter() {
-                        self.newline(offset);
-                        self.print_component_instantiation_arg(state, arg)?;
-                    }
-                    self.end_group();
-                }
-                ComponentInstance::FromExports(exports) => {
-                    for export in exports.iter() {
-                        self.newline(offset);
-                        self.print_component_export(state, export, false)?;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            self.end_group();
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn print_instantiation_arg(&mut self, state: &State, arg: &InstantiationArg) -> Result<()> {
-        self.start_group("with ");
-        self.print_str(arg.name)?;
-        self.result.push(' ');
-        match arg.kind {
-            InstantiationArgKind::Instance => {
-                self.start_group("instance ");
-                self.print_idx(&state.core.instance_names, arg.index)?;
-                self.end_group();
-            }
-        }
-        self.end_group();
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn print_component_instantiation_arg(
-        &mut self,
-        state: &State,
-        arg: &ComponentInstantiationArg,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        self.start_group("with ");
-        self.print_str(arg.name)?;
-        self.result.push(' ');
-        self.print_component_external_kind(state, arg.kind, arg.index)?;
-        self.end_group();
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn print_component_start(
-        &mut self,
-        state: &mut State,
-        pos: usize,
-        start: ComponentStartFunction,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        self.newline(pos);
-        self.start_group("start ");
-        self.print_idx(&state.component.func_names, start.func_index)?;
-
-        for arg in start.arguments.iter() {
-            self.result.push(' ');
-            self.start_group("value ");
-            self.print_idx(&state.component.value_names, *arg)?;
-            self.end_group();
-        }
-
-        for _ in 0..start.results {
-            self.result.push(' ');
-            self.start_group("result ");
-            self.start_group("value ");
-            self.print_name(&state.component.value_names, state.component.values)?;
-            self.end_group();
-            self.end_group();
-            state.component.values += 1;
-        }
-
-        self.end_group(); // start
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn print_component_aliases(
-        &mut self,
-        states: &mut [State],
-        parser: ComponentAliasSectionReader,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        for alias in parser.into_iter_with_offsets() {
-            let (offset, alias) = alias?;
-            self.newline(offset);
-            self.print_component_alias(states, alias)?;
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn print_component_alias(
-        &mut self,
-        states: &mut [State],
-        alias: ComponentAlias<'_>,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        match alias {
-            ComponentAlias::InstanceExport {
-                kind,
-                instance_index,
-                name,
-            } => {
-                let state = states.last_mut().unwrap();
-                self.start_group("alias export ");
-                self.print_idx(&state.component.instance_names, instance_index)?;
-                self.result.push(' ');
-                self.print_str(name)?;
-                self.result.push(' ');
-                match kind {
-                    ComponentExternalKind::Module => {
-                        self.start_group("core module ");
-                        self.print_name(&state.core.module_names, state.core.modules)?;
-                        self.end_group();
-                        state.core.modules += 1;
-                    }
-                    ComponentExternalKind::Component => {
-                        self.start_group("component ");
-                        self.print_name(
-                            &state.component.component_names,
-                            state.component.components,
-                        )?;
-                        self.end_group();
-                        state.component.components += 1;
-                    }
-                    ComponentExternalKind::Instance => {
-                        self.start_group("instance ");
-                        self.print_name(
-                            &state.component.instance_names,
-                            state.component.instances,
-                        )?;
-                        self.end_group();
-                        state.component.instances += 1;
-                    }
-                    ComponentExternalKind::Func => {
-                        self.start_group("func ");
-                        self.print_name(&state.component.func_names, state.component.funcs)?;
-                        self.end_group();
-                        state.component.funcs += 1;
-                    }
-                    ComponentExternalKind::Value => {
-                        self.start_group("value ");
-                        self.print_name(&state.component.value_names, state.component.values)?;
-                        self.end_group();
-                        state.component.values += 1;
-                    }
-                    ComponentExternalKind::Type => {
-                        self.start_group("type ");
-                        self.print_name(&state.component.type_names, state.component.types)?;
-                        self.end_group();
-                        state.component.types += 1;
-                    }
-                }
-
-                self.end_group(); // alias export
-            }
-            ComponentAlias::CoreInstanceExport {
-                instance_index,
-                kind,
-                name,
-            } => {
-                let state = states.last_mut().unwrap();
-                self.start_group("alias core export ");
-                self.print_idx(&state.core.instance_names, instance_index)?;
-                self.result.push(' ');
-                self.print_str(name)?;
-                self.result.push(' ');
-                match kind {
-                    ExternalKind::Func => {
-                        self.start_group("core func ");
-                        self.print_name(&state.core.func_names, state.core.funcs)?;
-                        self.end_group();
-                        state.core.funcs += 1;
-                    }
-                    ExternalKind::Table => {
-                        self.start_group("core table ");
-                        self.print_name(&state.core.table_names, state.core.tables)?;
-                        self.end_group();
-                        state.core.tables += 1;
-                    }
-                    ExternalKind::Memory => {
-                        self.start_group("core memory ");
-                        self.print_name(&state.core.memory_names, state.core.memories)?;
-                        self.end_group();
-                        state.core.memories += 1;
-                    }
-                    ExternalKind::Global => {
-                        self.start_group("core global ");
-                        self.print_name(&state.core.global_names, state.core.globals)?;
-                        self.end_group();
-                        state.core.globals += 1;
-                    }
-                    ExternalKind::Tag => {
-                        self.start_group("core tag ");
-                        write!(self.result, "(;{};)", state.core.tags)?;
-                        self.end_group();
-                        state.core.tags += 1;
-                    }
-                }
-                self.end_group(); // alias export
-            }
-
-            ComponentAlias::Outer { kind, count, index } => {
-                let state = states.last().unwrap();
-                let outer = Self::outer_state(states, count)?;
-                self.start_group("alias outer ");
-                if let Some(name) = outer.name.as_ref() {
-                    name.write(&mut self.result);
-                } else {
-                    self.result.push_str(count.to_string().as_str());
-                }
-                self.result.push(' ');
-                match kind {
-                    ComponentOuterAliasKind::CoreModule => {
-                        self.print_idx(&outer.core.module_names, index)?;
-                        self.result.push(' ');
-                        self.start_group("core module ");
-                        self.print_name(&state.core.module_names, state.core.modules)?;
-                    }
-                    ComponentOuterAliasKind::CoreType => {
-                        self.print_idx(&outer.core.type_names, index)?;
-                        self.result.push(' ');
-                        self.start_group("core type ");
-                        self.print_name(&state.core.type_names, state.core.types.len() as u32)?;
-                    }
-                    ComponentOuterAliasKind::Type => {
-                        self.print_idx(&outer.component.type_names, index)?;
-                        self.result.push(' ');
-                        self.start_group("type ");
-                        self.print_name(&state.component.type_names, state.component.types)?;
-                    }
-                    ComponentOuterAliasKind::Component => {
-                        self.print_idx(&outer.component.component_names, index)?;
-                        self.result.push(' ');
-                        self.start_group("component ");
-                        self.print_name(
-                            &state.component.component_names,
-                            state.component.components,
-                        )?;
-                    }
-                }
-                self.end_group(); // kind
-                self.end_group(); // alias
-
-                let state = states.last_mut().unwrap();
-                match kind {
-                    ComponentOuterAliasKind::CoreModule => state.core.modules += 1,
-                    ComponentOuterAliasKind::CoreType => state.core.types.push(None),
-                    ComponentOuterAliasKind::Type => state.component.types += 1,
-                    ComponentOuterAliasKind::Component => state.component.components += 1,
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn print_str(&mut self, name: &str) -> Result<()> {
-        let mut bytes = [0; 4];
-        self.result.push('"');
-        for c in name.chars() {
-            let v = c as u32;
-            if (0x20..0x7f).contains(&v) && c != '"' && c != '\\' && v < 0xff {
-                self.result.push(c);
-            } else {
-                for byte in c.encode_utf8(&mut bytes).as_bytes() {
-                    self.hex_byte(*byte);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        self.result.push('"');
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn print_bytes(&mut self, bytes: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
-        self.result.push('"');
-        for byte in bytes {
-            if *byte >= 0x20 && *byte < 0x7f && *byte != b'"' && *byte != b'\\' {
-                self.result.push(*byte as char);
-            } else {
-                self.hex_byte(*byte);
-            }
-        }
-        self.result.push('"');
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn hex_byte(&mut self, byte: u8) {
-        fn to_hex(b: u8) -> char {
-            if b < 10 {
-                (b'0' + b) as char
-            } else {
-                (b'a' + b - 10) as char
-            }
-        }
-        self.result.push('\\');
-        self.result.push(to_hex((byte >> 4) & 0xf));
-        self.result.push(to_hex(byte & 0xf));
-    }
-
-    fn print_custom_section(&mut self, section: CustomSectionReader<'_>) -> Result<()> {
-        match section.name() {
-            "producers" => {
-                self.newline(section.range().start);
-                self.print_producers_section(ProducersSectionReader::new(
-                    section.data(),
-                    section.data_offset(),
-                )?)
-            }
-            "dylink.0" => {
-                self.newline(section.range().start);
-                self.print_dylink0_section(Dylink0SectionReader::new(
-                    section.data(),
-                    section.data_offset(),
-                ))
-            }
-            _ => Ok(()),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn print_producers_section(&mut self, section: ProducersSectionReader<'_>) -> Result<()> {
-        self.start_group("@producers");
-        for field in section {
-            let field = field?;
-            for value in field.values.into_iter_with_offsets() {
-                let (offset, value) = value?;
-                self.newline(offset);
-                self.start_group(field.name);
-                self.result.push_str(" ");
-                self.print_str(value.name)?;
-                self.result.push_str(" ");
-                self.print_str(value.version)?;
-                self.end_group();
-            }
-        }
-        self.end_group();
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn print_dylink0_section(&mut self, mut section: Dylink0SectionReader<'_>) -> Result<()> {
-        self.start_group("@dylink.0");
-        loop {
-            let start = section.original_position();
-            let next = match section.next() {
-                Some(Ok(next)) => next,
-                Some(Err(e)) => return Err(e.into()),
-                None => break,
-            };
-            match next {
-                Dylink0Subsection::MemInfo(info) => {
-                    self.newline(start);
-                    self.start_group("mem-info");
-                    if info.memory_size > 0 || info.memory_alignment > 0 {
-                        write!(
-                            self.result,
-                            " (memory {} {})",
-                            info.memory_size, info.memory_alignment
-                        )?;
-                    }
-                    if info.table_size > 0 || info.table_alignment > 0 {
-                        write!(
-                            self.result,
-                            " (table {} {})",
-                            info.table_size, info.table_alignment
-                        )?;
-                    }
-                    self.end_group();
-                }
-                Dylink0Subsection::Needed(needed) => {
-                    self.newline(start);
-                    self.start_group("needed");
-                    for s in needed {
-                        self.result.push_str(" ");
-                        self.print_str(s)?;
-                    }
-                    self.end_group();
-                }
-                Dylink0Subsection::ExportInfo(info) => {
-                    for info in info {
-                        self.newline(start);
-                        self.start_group("export-info ");
-                        self.print_str(info.name)?;
-                        self.print_dylink0_flags(info.flags)?;
-                        self.end_group();
-                    }
-                }
-                Dylink0Subsection::ImportInfo(info) => {
-                    for info in info {
-                        self.newline(start);
-                        self.start_group("import-info ");
-                        self.print_str(info.module)?;
-                        self.result.push_str(" ");
-                        self.print_str(info.field)?;
-                        self.print_dylink0_flags(info.flags)?;
-                        self.end_group();
-                    }
-                }
-                Dylink0Subsection::Unknown { ty, .. } => {
-                    bail!("don't know how to print dylink.0 subsection id {ty}");
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        self.end_group();
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn print_dylink0_flags(&mut self, mut flags: u32) -> Result<()> {
-        macro_rules! print_flag {
-            ($($name:ident = $text:tt)*) => ({$(
-                if flags & wasmparser::$name != 0 {
-                    flags &= !wasmparser::$name;
-                    self.result.push_str(concat!(" ", $text));
-                }
-            )*})
-        }
-        print_flag! {
-            WASM_SYM_BINDING_WEAK = "binding-weak"
-            WASM_SYM_BINDING_LOCAL = "binding-local"
-            WASM_SYM_VISIBILITY_HIDDEN = "visibility-hidden"
-            WASM_SYM_UNDEFINED = "undefined"
-            WASM_SYM_EXPORTED = "exported"
-            WASM_SYM_EXPLICIT_NAME = "explicit-name"
-            WASM_SYM_NO_STRIP = "no-strip"
-        }
-        if flags != 0 {
-            write!(self.result, " {:#x}", flags)?;
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-struct NamedLocalPrinter {
-    group_name: &'static str,
-    in_group: bool,
-    end_group_after_local: bool,
-    first: bool,
-}
-
-impl NamedLocalPrinter {
-    fn new(group_name: &'static str) -> NamedLocalPrinter {
-        NamedLocalPrinter {
-            group_name,
-            in_group: false,
-            end_group_after_local: false,
-            first: true,
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn start_local(&mut self, name: Option<&Naming>, dst: &mut String) {
-        // Named locals must be in their own group, so if we have a name we need
-        // to terminate the previous group.
-        if name.is_some() && self.in_group {
-            dst.push(')');
-            self.in_group = false;
-        }
-
-        if self.first {
-            self.first = false;
-        } else {
-            dst.push(' ');
-        }
-
-        // Next we either need a separator if we're already in a group or we
-        // need to open a group for our new local.
-        if !self.in_group {
-            dst.push('(');
-            dst.push_str(self.group_name);
-            dst.push(' ');
-            self.in_group = true;
-        }
-
-        // Print the optional name if given...
-        if let Some(name) = name {
-            name.write(dst);
-            dst.push(' ');
-        }
-        self.end_group_after_local = name.is_some();
-    }
-
-    fn end_local(&mut self, dst: &mut String) {
-        if self.end_group_after_local {
-            dst.push(')');
-            self.end_group_after_local = false;
-            self.in_group = false;
-        }
-    }
-    fn finish(self, dst: &mut String) {
-        if self.in_group {
-            dst.push(')');
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-macro_rules! print_float {
-    ($name:ident $float:ident $uint:ident $sint:ident $exp_bits:tt) => {
-        fn $name(&mut self, mut bits: $uint) -> Result<()> {
-            // Calculate a few constants
-            let int_width = mem::size_of::<$uint>() * 8;
-            let exp_width = $exp_bits;
-            let mantissa_width = int_width - 1 - exp_width;
-            let bias = (1 << (exp_width - 1)) - 1;
-            let max_exp = (1 as $sint) << (exp_width - 1);
-            let min_exp = -max_exp + 1;
-
-            // Handle `NaN` and infinity specially
-            let f = $float::from_bits(bits);
-            if bits >> (int_width - 1) != 0 {
-                bits ^= 1 << (int_width - 1);
-                self.result.push('-');
-            }
-            if f.is_infinite() {
-                write!(self.result, "inf (;={};)", f)?;
-                return Ok(());
-            }
-            if f.is_nan() {
-                let payload = bits & ((1 << mantissa_width) - 1);
-                if payload == 1 << (mantissa_width - 1) {
-                    write!(self.result, "nan (;={};)", f)?;
-                } else {
-                    write!(self.result, "nan:{:#x} (;={};)", payload, f)?;
-                }
-                return Ok(());
-            }
-
-            // Figure out our exponent, but keep in mine that it's in an
-            // integer width that may not be supported. As a result we do a few
-            // tricks here:
-            //
-            // * Make the MSB the top bit of the exponent, then shift the
-            //   exponent to the bottom. This means we now have a signed
-            //   integer in `$sint` width representing the whole exponent.
-            // * Do the arithmetic for the exponent (subtract)
-            // * Next we only care about the lowest `$exp_bits` bits of the
-            //   result, but we do care about the sign. Use sign-carrying of
-            //   the signed integer shifts to shift it left then shift it back.
-            //
-            // Overall this should do basic arithmetic for `$exp_bits` bit
-            // numbers and get the result back as a signed integer with `$sint`
-            // bits in `exponent` representing the same decimal value.
-            let mut exponent = (((bits << 1) as $sint) >> (mantissa_width + 1)).wrapping_sub(bias);
-            exponent = (exponent << (int_width - exp_width)) >> (int_width - exp_width);
-            let mut fraction = bits & ((1 << mantissa_width) - 1);
-            self.result.push_str("0x");
-            if bits == 0 {
-                self.result.push_str("0p+0");
-            } else {
-                self.result.push('1');
-                if fraction > 0 {
-                    fraction <<= (int_width - mantissa_width);
-
-                    // Apparently the subnormal is handled here. I don't know
-                    // what a subnormal is. If someone else does, please let me
-                    // know!
-                    if exponent == min_exp {
-                        let leading = fraction.leading_zeros();
-                        if (leading as usize) < int_width - 1 {
-                            fraction <<= leading + 1;
-                        } else {
-                            fraction = 0;
-                        }
-                        exponent -= leading as $sint;
-                    }
-
-                    self.result.push('.');
-                    while fraction > 0 {
-                        write!(self.result, "{:x}", fraction >> (int_width - 4))?;
-                        fraction <<= 4;
-                    }
-                }
-                write!(self.result, "p{:+}", exponent)?;
-            }
-            write!(self.result, " (;={};)", f)?;
-            Ok(())
-        }
-    };
-}
-
-impl Printer {
-    print_float!(print_f32 f32 u32 i32 8);
-    print_float!(print_f64 f64 u64 i64 11);
-}
-
-impl Naming {
-    fn new<'a>(
-        name: &'a str,
-        index: u32,
-        group: &str,
-        used: Option<&mut HashSet<&'a str>>,
-    ) -> Naming {
-        let mut identifier = None;
-
-        // If the `name` provided can't be used as the raw identifier for the
-        // item that it's describing then a synthetic name must be made. The
-        // rules here which generate a name are:
-        //
-        // * Empty identifiers are not allowed
-        // * Identifiers have a fixed set of valid characters
-        // * For wasmprinter's purposes we "reserve" identifiers with the `#`
-        //   prefix, which is in theory rare to encounter in practice.
-        // * If the name has already been used for some other item and cannot
-        //   be reused (e.g. because shadowing in this context is not possible).
-        //
-        // If any of these conditions match then we generate a unique identifier
-        // based on `name` but not it exactly. By factoring in the `group`,
-        // `index`, and `name` we get a guaranteed unique identifier (due to the
-        // leading `#` prefix that we reserve and factoring in of the item
-        // index) while preserving human readability at least somewhat (the
-        // valid identifier characters of `name` still appear in the returned
-        // name).
-        if name.is_empty()
-            || name.chars().any(|c| !is_idchar(c))
-            || name.starts_with('#')
-            || used.map(|set| !set.insert(name)).unwrap_or(false)
-        {
-            let mut id = String::new();
-            id.push('#');
-            id.push_str(group);
-            write!(id, "{}", index).unwrap();
-            id.push('<');
-            id.extend(name.chars().map(|c| if is_idchar(c) { c } else { '_' }));
-            id.push('>');
-            identifier = Some(id);
-        }
-        return Naming {
-            identifier,
-            name: name.to_string(),
-        };
-
-        // See https://webassembly.github.io/spec/core/text/values.html#text-id
-        fn is_idchar(c: char) -> bool {
-            matches!(
-                c,
-                '0'..='9'
-                | 'a'..='z'
-                | 'A'..='Z'
-                | '!'
-                | '#'
-                | '$'
-                | '%'
-                | '&'
-                | '\''
-                | '*'
-                | '+'
-                | '-'
-                | '.'
-                | '/'
-                | ':'
-                | '<'
-                | '='
-                | '>'
-                | '?'
-                | '@'
-                | '\\'
-                | '^'
-                | '_'
-                | '`'
-                | '|'
-                | '~'
-            )
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn identifier(&self) -> &str {
-        match &self.identifier {
-            Some(s) => s,
-            None => &self.name,
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn write(&self, dst: &mut String) {
-        match &self.identifier {
-            Some(alternate) => {
-                assert!(*alternate != self.name);
-                dst.push('$');
-                dst.push_str(alternate);
-                dst.push_str(" (@name \"");
-                // https://webassembly.github.io/spec/core/text/values.html#text-string
-                for c in self.name.chars() {
-                    match c {
-                        '\t' => dst.push_str("\\t"),
-                        '\n' => dst.push_str("\\n"),
-                        '\r' => dst.push_str("\\r"),
-                        '"' => dst.push_str("\\\""),
-                        '\'' => dst.push_str("\\'"),
-                        '\\' => dst.push_str("\\\\"),
-                        c if (c as u32) < 0x20 || c as u32 == 0x7f => {
-                            dst.push_str("\\u{");
-                            write!(dst, "{:x}", c as u32).unwrap();
-                            dst.push('}');
-                        }
-                        other => dst.push(other),
-                    }
-                }
-                dst.push_str("\")");
-            }
-            None => {
-                dst.push('$');
-                dst.push_str(&self.name);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-fn name_map(into: &mut HashMap<u32, Naming>, names: NameMap<'_>, name: &str) -> Result<()> {
-    let mut used = HashSet::new();
-    for naming in names {
-        let naming = naming?;
-        into.insert(
-            naming.index,
-            Naming::new(naming.name, naming.index, name, Some(&mut used)),
-        );
-    }
-    Ok(())
-}