openstudio-standards 0.2.14 → 0.2.15.pre.rc1

data/lib/openstudio-standards/standards/necb/ECMS/loads.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+class ECMS
+  # Occupancy
+  def scale_occupancy_loads(model:, scale: 'NECB_Default')
+    ##### Remove leading or trailing whitespace in case users add them in inputs
+    if scale.instance_of?(String)
+      scale = scale.strip
+    end
+    return model if (scale == 'NECB_Default') || scale.nil?
+
+    ##### Convert a string to a float
+    if scale.instance_of?(String)
+      scale = scale.to_f
+    end
+    if scale == 0.0
+      model.getPeoples.sort.each(&:remove)
+      model.getPeopleDefinitions.sort.each(&:remove)
+    else
+      model.getPeoples.sort.each do |item|
+        item.setMultiplier(item.multiplier * scale)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Electrical
+  def scale_electrical_loads(model:, scale: 'NECB_Default')
+    ##### Remove leading or trailing whitespace in case users add them in inputs
+    if scale.instance_of?(String)
+      scale = scale.strip
+    end
+    return model if (scale == 'NECB_Default') || scale.nil?
+
+    ##### Convert a string to a float
+    if scale.instance_of?(String)
+      scale = scale.to_f
+    end
+    if scale == 0.0
+      model.getElectricEquipments.sort.each(&:remove)
+      model.getElectricEquipmentDefinitions.sort.each(&:remove)
+    else
+      model.getElectricEquipments.sort.each do |item|
+        item.setMultiplier(item.multiplier * scale)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Outdoor Air
+  def scale_oa_loads(model:, scale: 'NECB_Default')
+    ##### Remove leading or trailing whitespace in case users add them in inputs
+    if scale.instance_of?(String)
+      scale = scale.strip
+    end
+    return model if (scale == 'NECB_Default') || scale.nil?
+
+    ##### Convert a string to a float
+    if scale.instance_of?(String)
+      scale = scale.to_f
+    end
+    if scale == 0.0
+      model.getDesignSpecificationOutdoorAirs.sort.each(&:remove)
+    else
+      model.getDesignSpecificationOutdoorAirs.sort.each do |oa_def|
+        oa_def.setOutdoorAirFlowperPerson(oa_def.outdoorAirFlowperPerson * scale) unless oa_def.isOutdoorAirFlowperPersonDefaulted
+        oa_def.setOutdoorAirFlowperFloorArea(oa_def.outdoorAirFlowperFloorArea * scale) unless oa_def.isOutdoorAirFlowperFloorAreaDefaulted
+        oa_def.setOutdoorAirFlowRate(oa_def.outdoorAirFlowRate * scale) unless oa_def.isOutdoorAirFlowRateDefaulted
+        oa_def.setOutdoorAirFlowAirChangesperHour(oa_def.outdoorAirFlowAirChangesperHour * scale) unless oa_def.isOutdoorAirFlowAirChangesperHourDefaulted
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Infiltration
+  def scale_infiltration_loads(model:, scale: 'NECB_Default')
+    ##### Remove leading or trailing whitespace in case users add them in inputs
+    if scale.instance_of?(String)
+      scale = scale.strip
+    end
+    return model if (scale == 'NECB_Default') || scale.nil?
+
+    ##### Convert a string to a float
+    if scale.instance_of?(String)
+      scale = scale.to_f
+    end
+    if scale == 0.0
+      model.getSpaceInfiltrationDesignFlowRates.sort.each(&:remove)
+    else
+      model.getSpaceInfiltrationDesignFlowRates.sort.each do |infiltration_load|
+        infiltration_load.setDesignFlowRate(infiltration_load.designFlowRate.get * scale) unless infiltration_load.designFlowRate.empty?
+        infiltration_load.setFlowperSpaceFloorArea(infiltration_load.flowperSpaceFloorArea.get * scale) unless infiltration_load.flowperSpaceFloorArea.empty?
+        infiltration_load.setFlowperExteriorSurfaceArea(infiltration_load.flowperExteriorSurfaceArea.get * scale) unless infiltration_load.flowperExteriorSurfaceArea.empty?
+        infiltration_load.setAirChangesperHour(infiltration_load.airChangesperHour.get * scale) unless infiltration_load.airChangesperHour.empty?
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/openstudio-standards/standards/necb/ECMS/nv.rb

@@ -1,43 +1,40 @@
 class ECMS
-
-  def apply_nv(model:, nv_type:, nv_opening_fraction:, nv_Tout_min:, nv_Delta_Tin_Tout:)
-
+  def apply_nv(model:, nv_type:, nv_opening_fraction:, nv_temp_out_min:, nv_delta_temp_in_out:)
     ##### If any of users' inputs are nil/false/none, do nothing.
     ##### If users' input for 'nv_type' is 'NECB_Default', do nothing.
-    ##### If any of users' inputs for nv_opening_fraction/nv_Tout_min/nv_Delta_Tin_Tout is 'NECB_Default', use default values as defined here.
+    ##### If any of users' inputs for nv_opening_fraction/nv_temp_out_min/nv_delta_temp_in_out is 'NECB_Default', use default values as defined here.
     return if nv_type.nil? || nv_type == false || nv_type == 'none' || nv_type == 'NECB_Default'
     return if nv_opening_fraction.nil? || nv_opening_fraction == false || nv_opening_fraction == 'none'
-    return if nv_Tout_min.nil? || nv_Tout_min == false || nv_Tout_min == 'none'
-    return if nv_Delta_Tin_Tout.nil? || nv_Delta_Tin_Tout == false || nv_Delta_Tin_Tout == 'none'
+    return if nv_temp_out_min.nil? || nv_temp_out_min == false || nv_temp_out_min == 'none'
+    return if nv_delta_temp_in_out.nil? || nv_delta_temp_in_out == false || nv_delta_temp_in_out == 'none'
 
     ##### Convert a string to a float (except for nv_type)
     if nv_opening_fraction.instance_of?(String) && nv_opening_fraction != 'NECB_Default'
       nv_opening_fraction = nv_opening_fraction.to_f
     end
-    if nv_Tout_min.instance_of?(String) && nv_Tout_min != 'NECB_Default'
-      nv_Tout_min = nv_Tout_min.to_f
+    if nv_temp_out_min.instance_of?(String) && nv_temp_out_min != 'NECB_Default'
+      nv_temp_out_min = nv_temp_out_min.to_f
     end
-    if nv_Delta_Tin_Tout.instance_of?(String) && nv_Delta_Tin_Tout != 'NECB_Default'
-      nv_Delta_Tin_Tout = nv_Delta_Tin_Tout.to_f
+    if nv_delta_temp_in_out.instance_of?(String) && nv_delta_temp_in_out != 'NECB_Default'
+      nv_delta_temp_in_out = nv_delta_temp_in_out.to_f
     end
 
     ##### Set default nv_opening_fraction as 0.1
     if nv_opening_fraction == 'NECB_Default'
       nv_opening_fraction = 0.1
     end
-    ##### Set default nv_Tout_min as 13.0
-    if nv_Tout_min == 'NECB_Default'
-      nv_Tout_min = 13.0 #Note: 13.0 is based on inputs from Michel Tardif re a real school in QC
+    ##### Set default nv_temp_out_min as 13.0
+    if nv_temp_out_min == 'NECB_Default'
+      nv_temp_out_min = 13.0 # Note: 13.0 is based on inputs from Michel Tardif re a real school in QC
     end
-    ##### Set default nv_Delta_Tin_Tout as 1.0
-    if nv_Delta_Tin_Tout == 'NECB_Default'
-      nv_Delta_Tin_Tout = 1.0 #Note: 1.0 is based on inputs from Michel Tardif re a real school in QC
+    ##### Set default nv_delta_temp_in_out as 1.0
+    if nv_delta_temp_in_out == 'NECB_Default'
+      nv_delta_temp_in_out = 1.0 # Note: 1.0 is based on inputs from Michel Tardif re a real school in QC
     end
 
-    setpoint_adjustment_for_nv = 2.0  #This is to adjust heating and cooling setpoint temperature as min and max indoor temperature to have NV
+    setpoint_adjustment_for_nv = 2.0 # This is to adjust heating and cooling setpoint temperature as min and max indoor temperature to have NV
 
     model.getZoneHVACEquipmentLists.sort.each do |zone_hvac_equipment_list|
-
       thermal_zone = zone_hvac_equipment_list.thermalZone
 
       thermal_zone.spaces.sort.each do |space|
@@ -54,7 +51,7 @@ class ECMS
         if thermal_zone.thermostat.is_initialized
           if thermal_zone.thermostat.get.to_ThermostatSetpointDualSetpoint.is_initialized
             if thermal_zone.thermostat.get.to_ThermostatSetpointDualSetpoint.get.heatingSetpointTemperatureSchedule.is_initialized ||
-                thermal_zone.thermostat.get.to_ThermostatSetpointDualSetpoint.get.coolingSetpointTemperatureSchedule.is_initialized
+               thermal_zone.thermostat.get.to_ThermostatSetpointDualSetpoint.get.coolingSetpointTemperatureSchedule.is_initialized
               zone_thermostat = thermal_zone.thermostatSetpointDualSetpoint.get
               zone_clg_thermostat_sch = zone_thermostat.coolingSetpointTemperatureSchedule.get
               zone_htg_thermostat_sch = zone_thermostat.heatingSetpointTemperatureSchedule.get
@@ -87,14 +84,12 @@ class ECMS
               min_Tin_schedule_defaultDay.setName('natural_ventilation_min_Tin_schedule_defaultDay')
               min_Tin_schedule_defaultDay_times = min_Tin_schedule_defaultDay.times
               min_Tin_schedule_defaultDay_values = min_Tin_schedule_defaultDay.values
-              min_Tin_schedule_defaultDay_values_adjusted = min_Tin_schedule_defaultDay_values.map { |i| i - setpoint_adjustment_for_nv }
+              min_Tin_schedule_defaultDay_values_adjusted = min_Tin_schedule_defaultDay_values.map { |index| index - setpoint_adjustment_for_nv }
               i = 0.0
               min_Tin_schedule_defaultDay_times.each do |time|
                 min_Tin_schedule_defaultDay.addValue(time, min_Tin_schedule_defaultDay_values_adjusted[i])
                 i += 1.0
               end
-
-
             end
           end
         end
@@ -109,20 +104,20 @@ class ECMS
             end
           end
         end
-        oa_per_person_normalized_by_number_of_windows = outdoor_air_flow_per_person/number_of_windows
-        oa_per_floor_area_normalized_by_number_of_windows = outdoor_air_flow_per_floor_area/number_of_windows
+        oa_per_person_normalized_by_number_of_windows = outdoor_air_flow_per_person / number_of_windows
+        oa_per_floor_area_normalized_by_number_of_windows = outdoor_air_flow_per_floor_area / number_of_windows
 
         ##### Add NV in each space that has window(s) using two objects: "ZoneVentilation:DesignFlowRate" and "ZoneVentilation:WindandStackOpenArea"
         space.surfaces.sort.each do |surface|
           surface.subSurfaces.sort.each do |subsurface|
             if (subsurface.subSurfaceType == 'OperableWindow' || subsurface.subSurfaceType == 'FixedWindow') && subsurface.outsideBoundaryCondition == 'Outdoors'
-              window_azimuth_deg = OpenStudio::convert(subsurface.azimuth,"rad","deg").get
+              window_azimuth_deg = OpenStudio.convert(subsurface.azimuth, 'rad', 'deg').get
               window_area = subsurface.netArea
 
               ##### Define a constant schedule for operable windows
               operable_window_schedule = OpenStudio::Model::ScheduleConstant.new(model)
               operable_window_schedule.setName('operable_window_schedule_constant')
-              operable_window_schedule.setScheduleTypeLimits(BTAP::Resources::Schedules::StandardScheduleTypeLimits::get_on_off(model))
+              operable_window_schedule.setScheduleTypeLimits(BTAP::Resources::Schedules::StandardScheduleTypeLimits.get_on_off(model))
 
               ##### Add a "ZoneVentilation:DesignFlowRate" object for NV to set OA per person.
               zn_vent_design_flow_rate_1 = OpenStudio::Model::ZoneVentilationDesignFlowRate.new(model)
@@ -131,9 +126,9 @@ class ECMS
               zn_vent_design_flow_rate_1.setVentilationType('Natural')
               zn_vent_design_flow_rate_1.setMinimumIndoorTemperatureSchedule(min_Tin_schedule)
               zn_vent_design_flow_rate_1.setMaximumIndoorTemperatureSchedule(max_Tin_schedule)
-              zn_vent_design_flow_rate_1.setMinimumOutdoorTemperature(nv_Tout_min)
+              zn_vent_design_flow_rate_1.setMinimumOutdoorTemperature(nv_temp_out_min)
               zn_vent_design_flow_rate_1.setMaximumOutdoorTemperatureSchedule(max_Tin_schedule)
-              zn_vent_design_flow_rate_1.setDeltaTemperature(nv_Delta_Tin_Tout) #E+ I/O Ref.: "This is the temperature difference between the indoor and outdoor air dry-bulb temperatures below which ventilation is shutoff."
+              zn_vent_design_flow_rate_1.setDeltaTemperature(nv_delta_temp_in_out) # E+ I/O Ref.: "This is the temperature difference between the indoor and outdoor air dry-bulb temperatures below which ventilation is shutoff."
               zone_hvac_equipment_list.addEquipment(zn_vent_design_flow_rate_1)
 
               ##### Add another "ZoneVentilation:DesignFlowRate" object for NV to set OA per floor area.
@@ -143,9 +138,9 @@ class ECMS
               zn_vent_design_flow_rate_2.setVentilationType('Natural')
               zn_vent_design_flow_rate_2.setMinimumIndoorTemperatureSchedule(min_Tin_schedule)
               zn_vent_design_flow_rate_2.setMaximumIndoorTemperatureSchedule(max_Tin_schedule)
-              zn_vent_design_flow_rate_2.setMinimumOutdoorTemperature(nv_Tout_min)
+              zn_vent_design_flow_rate_2.setMinimumOutdoorTemperature(nv_temp_out_min)
               zn_vent_design_flow_rate_2.setMaximumOutdoorTemperatureSchedule(max_Tin_schedule)
-              zn_vent_design_flow_rate_2.setDeltaTemperature(nv_Delta_Tin_Tout)
+              zn_vent_design_flow_rate_2.setDeltaTemperature(nv_delta_temp_in_out)
               zone_hvac_equipment_list.addEquipment(zn_vent_design_flow_rate_2)
 
               ##### Add the "ZoneVentilation:WindandStackOpenArea" for NV.
@@ -158,32 +153,30 @@ class ECMS
               zn_vent_wind_and_stack.setEffectiveAngle(window_azimuth_deg)
               zn_vent_wind_and_stack.setMinimumIndoorTemperatureSchedule(min_Tin_schedule)
               zn_vent_wind_and_stack.setMaximumIndoorTemperatureSchedule(max_Tin_schedule)
-              zn_vent_wind_and_stack.setMinimumOutdoorTemperature(nv_Tout_min)
+              zn_vent_wind_and_stack.setMinimumOutdoorTemperature(nv_temp_out_min)
               zn_vent_wind_and_stack.setMaximumOutdoorTemperatureSchedule(max_Tin_schedule)
-              zn_vent_wind_and_stack.setDeltaTemperature(nv_Delta_Tin_Tout)
+              zn_vent_wind_and_stack.setDeltaTemperature(nv_delta_temp_in_out)
               zone_hvac_equipment_list.addEquipment(zn_vent_wind_and_stack)
-
-            end #if (subsurface.subSurfaceType == 'OperableWindow' || subsurface.subSurfaceType == 'FixedWindow') && subsurface.outsideBoundaryCondition == 'Outdoors'
-          end #surface.subSurfaces.sort.each do |subsurface|
-        end #space.surfaces.sort.each do |surface|
-
-
-      end #thermal_zone.spaces.sort.each do |space|
-
-    end #model.getZoneHVACEquipmentLists.sort.each do |zone_hvac_equipment_list|
-
+              # if (subsurface.subSurfaceType == 'OperableWindow' || subsurface.subSurfaceType == 'FixedWindow') && subsurface.outsideBoundaryCondition == 'Outdoors'
+            end
+            # surface.subSurfaces.sort.each do |subsurface|
+          end
+          # space.surfaces.sort.each do |surface|
+        end
+        # thermal_zone.spaces.sort.each do |space|
+      end
+      # model.getZoneHVACEquipmentLists.sort.each do |zone_hvac_equipment_list|
+    end
     ##### Add AvailabilityManagerHybridVentilation to "prevents simultaneous natural ventilation and HVAC system operation" (Ref: E+ I/O)
     model.getAirLoopHVACs.sort.each do |air_loop|
       air_loop.availabilityManagers.sort.each do |avail_mgr|
         if avail_mgr.to_AvailabilityManagerHybridVentilation.empty?
           avail_mgr_hybr_vent = OpenStudio::Model::AvailabilityManagerHybridVentilation.new(model)
-          avail_mgr_hybr_vent.setMinimumOutdoorTemperature(nv_Tout_min) #Note: since "Ventilation Control Mode" is by default set to "Temperature (i.e. 1)", only min and max Tout are needed. (see E+ I/O Ref.)  #Note: Tout_min is to avoid overcooling (see E+ I/O Ref).
-          avail_mgr_hybr_vent.setMaximumOutdoorTemperature(30.0) #Note: the AvailabilityManagerHybridVentilation obj does not have a schedule field for Tout, so it has been set to a fixed value of 30C.
+          avail_mgr_hybr_vent.setMinimumOutdoorTemperature(nv_temp_out_min) # Note: since "Ventilation Control Mode" is by default set to "Temperature (i.e. 1)", only min and max Tout are needed. (see E+ I/O Ref.)  #Note: Tout_min is to avoid overcooling (see E+ I/O Ref).
+          avail_mgr_hybr_vent.setMaximumOutdoorTemperature(30.0) # Note: the AvailabilityManagerHybridVentilation obj does not have a schedule field for Tout, so it has been set to a fixed value of 30C.
           air_loop.addAvailabilityManager(avail_mgr_hybr_vent)
         end
       end
     end
-
   end
-
-end
+end

data/lib/openstudio-standards/standards/necb/ECMS/pv_ground.rb

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 class ECMS
-
   def apply_pv_ground(model:, pv_ground_type:, pv_ground_total_area_pv_panels_m2:, pv_ground_tilt_angle:, pv_ground_azimuth_angle:, pv_ground_module_description:)
-
     ##### Remove leading or trailing whitespace in case users add them in inputs
     if pv_ground_total_area_pv_panels_m2.instance_of?(String)
       pv_ground_total_area_pv_panels_m2 = pv_ground_total_area_pv_panels_m2.strip
@@ -32,21 +30,8 @@ class ECMS
     end
 
     ##### Calculate footprint of the building model (this is used as default value for pv_ground_total_area_pv_panels_m2)
-    building_footprint_m2_array = []
-    lowest_floor = 10000000000.0 #dummy number as initialization to find the lowest floor among spaces #TODO: Question:it it fine that it has been assumed that the floor of all lowest spaces are at the same level?
-    model.getSpaces.sort.each do |space|
-      space.surfaces.sort.select{ |surface| (surface.surfaceType == 'Floor') &&  (surface.outsideBoundaryCondition != 'Surface') &&  (surface.outsideBoundaryCondition != 'Adiabatic')}.each do |surface|
-        floor_vertices = surface.vertices
-        floor_z = floor_vertices[0].z.round(1)
-        if floor_z <= lowest_floor
-          lowest_floor = floor_z
-          building_footprint_m2_array << surface.netArea
-        end
-      end
-    end
-    building_footprint_m2 = building_footprint_m2_array.sum
-    puts "building_footprint_m2 is #{building_footprint_m2}"
-
+    building_footprint_m2 = calculate_building_footprint(model: model)
+    # puts "building_footprint_m2 is #{building_footprint_m2}"
     ##### Set default PV panels' total area as the building footprint
     if pv_ground_total_area_pv_panels_m2 == 'NECB_Default'
       pv_ground_total_area_pv_panels_m2 = building_footprint_m2
@@ -60,7 +45,7 @@ class ECMS
 
     ##### Set default PV panels' azimuth angle as south-facing arrays
     if pv_ground_azimuth_angle == 'NECB_Default'
-      pv_ground_azimuth_angle = 180 # EnergyPlus I/O Reference: "An azimuth angle of 180° is for a south-facing array, and an azimuth angle of 0° is for a north-facing array."
+      pv_ground_azimuth_angle = 180 # EnergyPlus I/O Reference: "An azimuth angle of 180deg is for a south-facing array, and an azimuth angle of 0deg is for a north-facing array."
     end
 
     ##### Set default PV module type as the the below one
@@ -71,8 +56,8 @@ class ECMS
     ##### Calculate number of PV panels
     # Note: assuming 5 ft x 2 ft as PV panel's size since it seems to fit the racking system used for ground mounts as per Mike Lubun's comment.
     pv_area_each_ft2 = 5.0 * 2.0
-    pv_area_each_m2 = (OpenStudio.convert(pv_area_each_ft2, 'ft^2', 'm^2').get) #convert pv_area_each_ft2 to m2
-    pv_number_panels = pv_ground_total_area_pv_panels_m2/pv_area_each_m2
+    pv_area_each_m2 = OpenStudio.convert(pv_area_each_ft2, 'ft^2', 'm^2').get # convert pv_area_each_ft2 to m2
+    pv_number_panels = pv_ground_total_area_pv_panels_m2 / pv_area_each_m2
 
     ##### Get data of the PV panel from the json file
     pv_info = @standards_data['tables']['pv']['table'].detect { |item| item['pv_module_description'] == pv_ground_module_description }
@@ -82,9 +67,9 @@ class ECMS
     ##### Create the generator
     # Assuming one PVWatts generator in E+ as per Mike Lubun's comment for simplification, however exact number of PVWatts generators (and inverters) are calculated for costing.
     dc_system_capacity = pv_number_panels * pv_watt
-    generator = OpenStudio::Model::GeneratorPVWatts.new(model,dc_system_capacity)
+    generator = OpenStudio::Model::GeneratorPVWatts.new(model, dc_system_capacity)
     generator.setModuleType(pv_ground_module_type)
-    generator.setArrayType('OneAxis')   # Note: "tilt and azimuth are fixed" for this array type (see E+ I/O Reference). This array type has been chosen as per Mike Lubun's costing spec.
+    generator.setArrayType('OneAxis') # Note: "tilt and azimuth are fixed" for this array type (see E+ I/O Reference). This array type has been chosen as per Mike Lubun's costing spec.
     generator.setTiltAngle(pv_ground_tilt_angle)
     generator.setAzimuthAngle(pv_ground_azimuth_angle)
 
@@ -94,11 +79,27 @@ class ECMS
     inverter.setInverterEfficiency(0.96) # Note: This is EnergyPlus' default value; This default value has been chosen as per Mike Lubun's costing spec.
 
     ##### Get distribution systems and set relevant parameters
-    model.getElectricLoadCenterDistributions.sort.each  do |elc_distribution|
+    model.getElectricLoadCenterDistributions.sort.each do |elc_distribution|
       elc_distribution.setInverter(inverter)
-      elc_distribution.setGeneratorOperationSchemeType('Baseload')  # E+ I/O Reference: "The Baseload scheme requests all generators scheduled ON (available) to operate, even if the amount of electric power generated exceeds the total facility electric power demand." This scheme type has been chosen as per Mike Lubun's costing spec.
+      elc_distribution.setGeneratorOperationSchemeType('Baseload') # E+ I/O Reference: "The Baseload scheme requests all generators scheduled ON (available) to operate, even if the amount of electric power generated exceeds the total facility electric power demand." This scheme type has been chosen as per Mike Lubun's costing spec.
     end
-
   end
 
+  # Method for calculating footprint of the building model
+  def calculate_building_footprint(model:)
+    building_footprint_m2_array = []
+    lowest_floor = 10000000000.0 # dummy number as initialization to find the lowest floor among spaces #TODO: Question:it it fine that it has been assumed that the floor of all lowest spaces are at the same level?
+    model.getSpaces.sort.each do |space|
+      space.surfaces.sort.select { |surface| (surface.surfaceType == 'Floor') && (surface.outsideBoundaryCondition != 'Surface') && (surface.outsideBoundaryCondition != 'Adiabatic') }.each do |surface|
+        floor_vertices = surface.vertices
+        floor_z = floor_vertices[0].z.round(1)
+        if floor_z <= lowest_floor
+          lowest_floor = floor_z
+          building_footprint_m2_array << surface.netArea
+        end
+      end
+    end
+    building_footprint_m2 = building_footprint_m2_array.sum
+    return building_footprint_m2
+  end
 end