interscript 0.1.7 → 2.1.0b1

data/maps/bgnpcgn-per-Arab-Latn-1958.yaml

@@ -1,336 +0,0 @@
----
-authority_id: bgnpcgn
-id: 2007
-language: iso-639-3:prs # prs stands for Dari (https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/prs&_ga=GA1.2.2054538372.1574092823)
-source_script: Arab
-destination_script: Latn
-name: TRANSLITERATION SYSTEM FOR PERSIAN BGN/PCGN 1958 System
-url: https://github.com/interscript/interscript/files/5180821/BGN_Romanization_Guide_1964_persian_1958.pdf
-creation_date: 1958
-confirmation_date: 2017-11
-description: |
-  The BGN/PCGN 1958 System for the Persian alphabet was
-  adopted by the BGN in 1946 and by the PCGN In 1958. It Is
-  used for the romanization of standard geographic names in
-  Iran.
-  The Persian alphabet is the same as the Arabic alphabet
-  except for the addition of four consonant symbols for
-  sounds which do not occur in Arabic. Therefore, the same
-  conversion values are used for the Persian alphabet as for
-  the Arabic alphabet wherever phonetically valid. Where
-  letters common to the two alphabets have different
-  pronunciation in the two languages, conversion values
-  reflecting the Persian pronunciation are provided in the
-  Persian system.
-  It may be noted that neither the system of pointing nor the
-  conversion values for vowels and diphthongs are the same
-  for Persian as for Arabic.
-  Persian presents the same problems of vowel pointing as
-  Arabic in that the short vowel symbols necessary for the
-  proper rendering of short vowels, long vowels, and
-  diphthongs are almost always omitted from written Persian.
-  It follows that, in order to produce transliter- tions in
-  terms of standard written Persian, the transliterator must
-  be able to identify the words used in names and must know
-  their standard written Persian spelling, their proper vowel
-  pointing, and how to eliminate pecularities due to
-  dialectical variation.
-  The notes and special rules explain details of
-  transliteration not stated in the tables.
-
-notes:
-  - |
-    1)The Persian writing system, in its generally used form,
-    employs only the symbols found in Table I, and the alef maddeh
-    (آ) of Table II. The symbols in column 1 of Table II are
-    traditional auxiliary symbols used by Persians only
-    sporadically to indicate the exact reading of a given word.
-    In the case of i, ū, ey and ow, a choice of symbology
-    exists, one system adhering to the Arabic tradition, the
-    other being a modification of it. Likewise, there are two
-    ways of writing alef maq§ureh. The BGN/PCGN transliteration
-    system presupposes forms fully pointed with the Persian
-    symbols represented in Table II, though these are omitted
-    from the examples given below.
-
-  - 2) Alef ( أ ) occurs with the following uses
-    a. Initially, it indicates that the word begins with a vowel or
-    diphthong, and the alef itself is not transliterated, e.g.,
-    انجيرة Anjīreh, ايواني Eyvānī
-    b. Initially with maddeh ( آ ),it indicates ā, e.g., آبادان Ābādān.
-    c. Medially and finally. it represents ā, e.g., e.g., آبادان Ābādān,
-     توكا Tūkā.
-    d.	With hamzeh. See Note 5.
-
-
-  - 3) Where special considerations are paramount, the sub-dot
-    may be used in place of the cedilla
-
-  - 4) The two-letter symbols kh, zh, sh, and gh are convenient
-    for use and easily comprehensible. The infrequent sequences
-    of kāf, ze, sīn, and gāf followed by he can be unequivocally
-    transliterated for bibliographical purposes by the use of a
-    slant line (“shilling,” “solidus") to separate true h from
-    a preceding k, z, s, or	g; that is,	kh represents khe, but
-    k/h stands for kāf followed by he.
-
-  - 5) Hamzeh (ء)	is	not regarded as a letter of the Persian
-    alphabet, but as a diacritic mark, and as such is not
-    always expressed in actual writing. In fully pointed words,
-    however, it appears in several graphic forms, standing
-    alone or written in conjunction with alef, vav, or ye (the
-    ye in this instance being undotted). All these forms are
-    transliterated simply with the apostrophe in the form
-    resembling a small raised figure 9 (’)	,e.g., جزء Joz’
-    صفراء şafrā’, مأخذ ma’khaz̄, مؤتمن mu’taman, پائين pā’īn Occasionally a word may
-    appear pointed according to the strict Arabic tradition so
-    as to indicate an initial hamzeh. This initial hamzeh is
-    never transliterated, but only the vowel which it carries,
-    e.g., •Jfi , whether pointed	or	0	.	is "transliterated
-    simply Anjireh.	' Hamzeh is also sometimes written over
-    final he or ye to represent the -ye form of the eg&feh, cf.
-    Note 8.
-
-  - 6) Alef maddeh is used initially to indicate ā, e.g., آبادان Ābādān
-    Noninitially it indicates ’ā in words of Arabic origin,
-    and must be so transliterated, e.g., قرآن Qor’ān, مآب ma’āb
-
-  - 7) Tashdid ( ّ) indicates doubling of the consonant over which
-    it is written and is represented in transliteration by writing
-    the consonant twice, e.g محمّد Mohammad The sequence kasreh ye ye
-    is transliterated īy.In names of Arabic origin containing the
-    definite article, the vowel of the article is transliterated according
-    to its Persian pronunciation and the lam, when followed by a “sun letter”
-    (t, s̄, d, z̄, r, s, sh, ẕ, ţ, z̧, ţ, z̧, l, n) is assimilated. The article
-    is written in lower case and separate from the preceding and following word,
-    e.g., Zeyn od Din, but *£4 . Zeyn ed Dīn. Cf. Special Rule 1.
-
-  - 8) The relational (ezafeh) suffix	is	transliterated -e after final consonants
-    (except for silent h). After silent h and after vowels, it is transliterated
-    -ye. It is usually not expressed in Persian writing after a consonant
-    (kasreh being understood), e.g., كوهِ مَرغٌوب Kuh-e Marghūb. After final alef or vav
-    it is written with ye (ي), e.g., بايِ آب	Pa-ye Ab,	جويِ آس Jū-ye Ās.	After	ye (ي)
-    and silent he it is written as hamzeh over the letter, e.g., دَهَانهٴ مَمبَر Dahāneh-ye Mambar,
-    سَلَيٴ بُذٌرگ Salasi-ye Bozorrg.
-
-
-
-  -  1.	In Persian names of Arabic origin, the word division
-    used for transliterating Arabic will obtain, except that
-    names ending in the word Allah will be written solid and
-    the a of Allah will be replaced by o, e.g.,	The Arabic
-    definite article when not subject to assimilation will be
-    written al in name-initial position but usually, ol
-    elsewhere, e.g., Al JJal but 2u ol Faqar. Cf. Note 7 above.
-
-  - 2. In Persian names in general, in sequences of name
-    elements pronounced as a single unit, division into
-    separate words will be made after Persian letters written
-    in the word final form. (But see the Rule immediately
-    below.)
-
-  - 3. The word abad which occurs very frequently at
-    the end of place names will be written solid with the
-    preceding word; e.g., Allahabad, not Allah Abad.
-
-  - 4. Persian derivational endings such as vand and Turkish and other
-    endings such as lar, li and lu will be written solid with
-    the preceding word, whether so written in Persian script or
-    not.
-
-  - 5. The letter he, when used in Turkish fashion for
-    word internal e, will be transliterated eh as usual but
-    will be written solid with the remainder of the word.
-
-  - 6. Kheplus vdv followed by long vowel or khe plus vdv followed
-    by gammeh will be rendered khv although the v is not
-    pronounced.
-
-tests:
-
-  - source: اَنجِيرة
-    expected: Anjīreh
-
-  - source: اِيْوَانِي
-    expected: Eyvānī
-
-  - source: آبادان
-    expected: Ābādān
-
-  - source: تُوكا
-    expected: Tūkā
-
-  - source: آبادان
-    expected: Ābādān
-
-  - source: قُرآن
-    expected: Qor’ān
-
-  - source: مَآب
-    expected: Ma’āb
-
-  - source: مُحَمَّد
-    expected: Moḩammad
-
-  - source: كُوهِ مَرغُوب
-    expected: Kūh-e Marghūb
-
-  - source: پَايِ آب
-    expected: Pā-ye Āb
-
-  - source: جُويِ آس
-    expected: Jū-ye Ās
-
-  - source: دَهَانِهٴ مَمبَر
-    expected: Dahāneh-ye Mambar
-
-  - source: سَلَسِيٴ بُذُرگ
-    expected: Salasī-ye Boz̄org
-
-  - source: عَبداللَّه
-    expected: ‘Abdollāh
-
-  - source: ذُو الفَقَار
-    expected: Z̄ū ol Faqār
-
-  - source: اللَّه آبَاد
-    expected: Allāhābād
-
-map:
-  postrules:
-    - pattern: (?<=\b)(?<!\b[‘|’|'|-])[\u0061-\uFFFF]
-      result: "upcase"
-
-    - pattern: " Ol"
-      result: " ol"
-
-  characters:
-
-    '\s\u0622\u0628\u064E\u0627\u062F' : 'ābād' # Special Rule 3
-
-    '\u064e(?=\u0629)' : '' # َ fatha followed by ta' marboota
-    '\u064e(?=a[h|t])' : '' # َ fatha followed by ta' marboota, handling different order of conversion
-
-    # pointing
-    '\u064e' : 'a' # َ fatha
-    '\u0650' : 'e' # ِ kasra
-    '\u064f' : 'o' # ُ damma
-    '\u064e\u0627' : 'ā'  # ـَا fatha followed by ا
-    '\u0649\u0670' : 'á' # ىٰ
-    '\u0622' : '’ā'  # آ
-    '\b\u0622' : 'ā'  # آ
-    '\u0650[\u064a|\u06cc]' : 'ī' # ـِي kasra followed by ي
-    # '\u0650\u06cc' : 'ī' # ـِي kasra followed by ي
-    '\u064f\u0648' : 'ū'  # ـُو damma followed by و
-    '\u064e[\u064a|\u06cc]\u0652' : 'ey'  # ـَيْ
-    '\u0650[\u064a|\u06cc]\u0652' : 'ey'  # ـِيْ
-    '\u064e\u0648' : 'ow'  # ـَو
-    '\u0652' : ''  # ْ sokoon
-    '\u0650\u064a\u0651' : 'īy'  # ـِيّ
-    '[\u0654|\u0674]' : '-e' # ٴ ezafeh
-    '(?<=[\u064a|\u0647])[\u0654|\u0674]' : '-ye' # ٴ ezafeh
-    '\u0650\b' : '-e' # ِ kasra
-    '[\u064a|\u06cc]\u0650\b' : '-ye' # ِ kasra
-    # shadda
-
-    '\u0628\u0651' : 'bb'  # ب
-    '\u062a\u0651' : 'tt'  # ت
-    '\u062b\u0651' : 's̄s̄'  # ث
-    '\u062c\u0651' : 'jj'  # ج
-    '\u062d\u0651' : 'ḩḩ' # ح
-    '\u062e\u0651' : 'kh'  # خ
-    '\u062f\u0651' : 'dd'  # د
-    '\u0630\u0651' : 'z̄z̄'  # ذ
-    '\u0631\u0651' : 'rr'  # ر
-    '\u0632\u0651' : 'zz'  # ز
-    '\u0633\u0651' : 'ss'  # س
-    '\u0634\u0651' : 'sh'  # ش
-    '\u0635\u0651' : 'şş'  # ص
-    '\u0636\u0651' : 'ẕẕ'  # ض
-    '\u0637\u0651' : 'ţţ'  # ط
-    '\u0638\u0651' : 'z̧z̧'  # ظ
-    '\u063a\u0651' : 'gh'  # غ
-    '\u0641\u0651' : 'ff'  # ف
-    '\u0642\u0651' : 'qq'  # ق
-    '\u0643\u0651' : 'kk'  # ك
-    '\u0644\u0651' : 'll'  # ل
-    '\u0645\u0651' : 'mm'  # م
-    '\u0646\u0651' : 'nn'  # ن
-    '\u0647\u0651' : 'hh'  # ه
-    '\u0648\u0651' : 'vv'  # و
-    '\u064a\u0651' : 'yy'  # ي
-
-    '\u0659': 'ê'
-
-    # ta' marboota
-    '\u0629' : 'eh'
-
-    '\b\u0627\u0644' : 'al '  # ال
-    '\s\b\u0627\u0644' : ' ol '  # ال #special Rule 1
-    '\ufdf2': 'Allāh' # See note 5
-    '\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647' : "Allāh"
-    '(?<!\b)\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647' : "ollāh" # Special Rule 1
-    # '\uFE8E' : ''  # ﺎ
-
-    # Sun letters
-    '\b\u0627\u0644\u062a' : 'at t'  # الت
-    '\b\u0627\u0644\u062b' : 'as̄ s̄'  # الث
-    '\b\u0627\u0644\u062f' : 'ad d' # الد
-    '\b\u0627\u0644\u0630' : 'az̄ z̄'  # الذ
-    '\b\u0627\u0644\u0631' : 'ar r' # الر
-    '\b\u0627\u0644\u0632' : 'az z'  # الز
-    '\b\u0627\u0644\u0633' : 'as s' # الس
-    '\b\u0627\u0644\u0634' : 'ash sh' # الش
-    '\b\u0627\u0644\u0635' : 'aş ş'  # الص
-    '\b\u0627\u0644\u0636' : 'aẕ ẕ'  # الض
-    '\b\u0627\u0644\u0637' : 'aţ ţ'  # الط
-    '\b\u0627\u0644\u0638' : 'az̧ z̧' # الظ
-    '\b\u0627\u0644\u0644' : 'al l'  # الل
-    '\b\u0627\u0644\u0646' : 'an n'  # الن
-
-
-    '\u0621': '’' # ء
-    '\u0626': '’' # ئ
-
-    '\u0623' : ''  # أ
-    '\u0625' : ''    # إ
-    '\u0627' : 'ā'  # ا
-    '\b\u0627' : ''  # ا
-
-    # consonant characters
-
-    '\u0628' : 'b'  # ب
-    '\u067E' : 'p' # پ
-    '\u062a' : 't'  # ت
-    '\u062B' : 's̄'   # ث
-    '\u062c' : 'j'  # ج
-    '\u0686' : 'ch'  # ‫چ‬
-    '\u062d' : 'ḩ' # ح
-    '\u062e' : 'kh'  # خ
-    '\u062f' : 'd'  # د
-    '\u0630' : 'z̄'  # ذ
-    '\u0631' : 'r'  # ر
-    '\u0632' : 'z'  # ز
-    '\u0698' : 'zh'  # ‫ژ‬
-    '\u0633' : 's'  # س
-    '\u0634' : 'sh'  # ش
-    '\u0635' : 'ş'  # ص
-    '\u0636' : 'ẕ'  # ض
-    '\u0637' : 'ţ'  # ط
-    '\u0638' : 'z̧'  # ظ
-    '\u0639' : '‘'  # ع
-    '\u063a' : 'gh'  # غ
-    '\u0641' : 'f'  # ف
-    '\u0642' : 'q'  # ق
-    '\u0643' : 'k'  # ك
-    '\u06A9' : 'k' # ک
-    '\u06AF' : 'g' # ‫گ‬
-    '\u0644' : 'l'  # ل
-    '\u0645' : 'm'  # م
-    '\u0646' : 'n'  # ن
-    '\u0647' : 'h'  # ه
-    '\u0648' : 'v'  # و
-    '\u064a' : 'y'  # ي
-    '\u0649' : 'y'  # ي
-    '\u06D0' : 'ē'   # ې
-    '\u06CD' : 'êy'  # ‫ۍ‬

data/maps/bgnpcgn-prs-Arab-Latn-2007.yaml

@@ -1,639 +0,0 @@
----
-authority_id: bgnpcgn
-id: 2007
-language: iso-639-3:prs # prs stands for Dari (https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/prs&_ga=GA1.2.2054538372.1574092823)
-source_script: Arab
-destination_script: Latn
-name: BGN/PCGN NATIONAL ROMANIZATION SYSTEM FOR AFGHANISTAN -- BGN/PCGN 2007 System
-alias:
-  ogc11122:
-    code: uas_Arab2Latn_BGN_2007
-    description: Unified Afghan Romanization System US Board on Geographic Names (BGN)/The Permanent Committee on Geographical Names (PCGN) 2007
-url: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/693661/ROMANIZATION_FOR_AFGHANISTAN.pdf
-creation_date: 2007
-confirmation_date: 2017-11
-description: |
-  This romanization system agreed by BGN and PCGN in November 2007,
-  accommodates the linguistic complexity of Afghanistan as manifest in
-  its geographical names.
-
-  The following tabulation shows the original Perso-Arabic script with
-  accompanying Unicode value (columns 1a and b), the Yaghoubi
-  romanization (column 2), the BGN/PCGN romanization with accompanying
-  Unicode value (columns 3a and b), an English phonetic example (column
-  4), and an example toponym (columns 5b and c).
-
-  [The Yaghoubi romanization system was developed in 1959 by
-  Muzaffarud Din Yaqubi (commonly seen as Yaghoubi). It is a native
-  official system designed to reflect Afghan names, both Dari and Pashto,
-  and both pronunciation and genuine linguistic truth.]
-
-  The tables function as both a romanization system for Afghanistan (i.e.
-  with access to the original script, these tables can be applied to get
-  a standardized Roman result - moving from columns 1 to 3) and as a
-  means of converting the available Yaghoubi Roman-script spellings, as
-  appear on the Fairchild Aerial Surveys map series, to standard BGN/PCGN
-  spellings (moving from columns 2 to 3).
-
-  The points used in Arabic to mark short vowels and certain other
-  diacritical marks are infrequently written in Afghanistan.
-  Consequently, a reference source may sometimes be required to aid
-  correct identification of the standard spellings and proper vowels and
-  elimination of dialectal and idiosyncratic variations. In the interests
-  of clarity, the example columns show script with vowel pointing from
-  Arabic to indicate the short vowels that are included alongside the
-  unpointed form that will usually be encountered. However it should be
-  noted that the pronunciation of short vowels will vary.
-
-  Note: it is recommended that a font such as Scheherazade, available
-  from www.sil.org, which includes the Unicode extended Arabic sub-range,
-  be used to view this system. [Please note that the identification of a
-  particular font does not represent an endorsement of any specific
-  product or manufacturer.]
-
-notes:
-  - |
-    Alif (ا) should be romanized as follows:
-
-    a. Initially, it indicates that the word begins with a vowel or
-      diphthong; the alif itself is not romanized, but rather the short vowel
-      it “carries” is romanized; e.g., ميړ أَسَلم ژرَندَه → Mī Aslam Zhrandah
-    b. When it carries a maddah (آ) (see vowel table, row 6), it represents ā; e.g., آب بَند → Āb Band.
-    c. Medially and finally it represents ā (see vowel table, row 5); e.g., ماڼۍ → Māṉêy
-    d. Medially and finally in words of Arabic origin, alif may serve as the bearer of hamzah, e.g. رأس → ra’s.
-
-  - Occasionally the letter sequences سه ,زه ,که, and گه occur without
-    intervening vowels. They may be romanized k·h, z·h, s·h, and g·h in
-    order to differentiate these romanizations from the digraphs kh, zh,
-    sh, and gh, which are used to represent the letters ش ,ژ ,خ, and غ.
-    Additionally, the Pashto letters څ and ځ, routinely romanized ts and
-    dz, may be alternatively romanized s and z تس when for special reasons
-    it is desired that confusion be avoided with the character sequences
-    (ts) and دز (dz), respectively.
-
-  - "The vagaries of written Afghan languages, as pertains to spacing
-    and word division, are addressed as follows:
-    Spaces may be added to or subtracted from Afghan words written in
-    Arabic script, for the purposes of standardization. This is
-    particularly relevant when the words are hand-written, are rendered
-    “art st cally”, or express other s ch non-standard flourishes, as long
-    as the sense of the toponym, word, or phrase is not compromised.
-    Romanized toponyms are typically divided into constituent words
-    (spaces and other grammatical rules applied) when those words can stand
-    independently, for purposes of standardization and minimization of
-    confusion, particularly in situations where Afghan writers are
-    inconsistent in their application of spacing and word breaks. When the
-    Afghan word or suffix is only used in combination with other nouns or
-    adjectives, then it should be appended to the preceding word in its
-    romanization. This includes (but is not limited to) - ābā , -zaī, -zā
-    ah, - ū, -wand, -gaī, -kaī, -pūr, - ēsh, -lar, -lī, -lū and ullāh, as,
-    for example, seen in Raḩmatābād (رحمت آباد) and Raḩmatullāh (رحمت االله),
-    but Raḩmat Khēl (رحمتخيل) and Raḩmat Shahr (رحمتشهر)."
-
-  - The one-letter words د (Pashto) and و (Dari) are romanized dê and
-    wa, respectively.
-
-  - The word الله, meaning God, should always be romanized Allāh,
-    except as specified in note 3. Note that the Unicode value FDF2 spells
-    Allāh, but omits the alif in some common fonts, including Times New
-    Roman. If in doubt, try in Arial Unicode MS to verify. Also note that
-    the “dagger al f” ( ) above the second ل (lām) n the ord الله, is not
-    written but should be romanized ā, like a full-size alif.
-
-  - In names of Arabic origin, the l of the definite article al s ass m
-    lated before the ‘s n letters’ , , , , r, z, s, sh, ş, ẕ, , z, l and n.
-    In its romanization, the article should be separated from the name it
-    precedes and should not be capitalized except at the beginning of a
-    name, e.g. جبل السراج→ Jabal
-    as Sarāj
-
-  - In Arabic names, a shaddah, ّ is used to denote the doubling of a
-    particular consonant character, e.g. ُم َح َمد → Muḩammad. Ho ever, n
-    Pashto th s ‘do bl ng’ s freq ently om tted n both Perso- Arabic script
-    and the resulting romanization. Guidance on doubling may be taken from
-    an authoritative names source, such as an Afghan government source or
-    Pashto dictionary; for example, it is usual to see Ḩājī without and
-    ‘Abbās with the doubled consonant. The doubled y consonant is almost
-    always retained, as in Sayyid or Qayyūm.
-
-  - In Afghan names which contain an iẕāfah, it should be romanized as
-    -e or –ye according to
-    common pronunciation, but generally, -e is used if the preceding word
-    ends with a consonant other
-    than silent heh, and -ye if the preceding word ends with a vowel
-    sound e.g. غر ِحصار → Ghar-e ِ
-    Ḩ şār; َقل َع ٔه َنو → Qal‘ah-ye Now. Scholarly sources indicate that
-    heh is silent in darah and qal‘ah (thus darah-ye, qal‘ah-ye), but
-    lightly spoken in kōh and chāh (thus kōh-e, chāh-e).
-
-  - The character sequence خو, where followed by ا or ی should be
-    romanized khwā or khwī, although the w is either not pronounced, or
-    only weakly so, as in خواجه → khwājah.
-
-  - Plural nouns ending in -hā or -ān should always be romanized as a
-    single word, regardless of whether a space appears in a Perso-Arabic
-    script source.
-
-  - Unicode values listed in the tables above are required to ensure
-    standardization and to minimize confusion from competing
-    representations of a given character. It should be noted that the
-    Persian Unicode value 0643 or FEDA( ك Unicode value 06A9) is
-    recommended rather than the Arabic( ک or FED9), the Persian گ (Unicode
-    value 06AF) is recommended rather than ګ (Unicode value 06AB) or ڰ
-    (Unicode value 06B0) or ك (Unicode value 0643 or FEDA or FED9), and the
-    Pashto character ځ (Unicode value 0681) is recommended rather than the
-    heh with a dot above and a dot below (no Unicode value). For the letter ی
-    in its many variations, care must be exercised to follow this romanization
-    guide's recommendations to eliminate confusion for search engines
-    and software. BGN/PCGN does not use the Unicode encoding FEEF for the
-    character ی in any Afghan word.
-
-  - |
-    An inventory of letter-diacritic combinations in addition to the
-    unmodified letters of the basic Roman script is:
-
-    ‘ (U+2018)
-    Ā (U+0100)
-    Á (U+00C1)
-    Ḏ (U+0044+0031)
-    Ē (U+9112)
-    Ê (U+00CA)
-    Ḩ (U+1E28)
-    Ī (U+012A)
-    N-bar-top (U+004E+0304)
-    Ō (U+014C)
-    R-bar-bottom (U+0052+0031)
-    Ş (U+015E)
-    S-bar-top (U+0053+0304)
-    Ṯ (U+0054+0031)
-    Ţ (U+0162)
-    Ū (U+918A)
-    Z-comma-bottom (U+005A+0327)
-    Z-bar-top (U+005A+0304)
-    Ẕ (U+005A+0331)
-    ẔH (U+005A+0048+035F)
-
-
-    ʼ (U+2019)
-    ā (U+0101)
-    á (U+00E1)
-    ḏ (U+0064+00031)
-    ē (U+0113)
-    ê (U+00EA)
-    ḩ (U+1E29)
-    ī (U+912B)
-    n-bar-top (U+004E+0304)
-    ō (U+014D)
-    r-bar-bottom (U+0072+0031)
-    ş (U+015F)
-    s-bar-top (U+0073+0304)
-    ṯ (U+0074+0031)
-    ţ (U+0163)
-    ū (U+918B)
-    z-comma-bottom (U+007A+0327)
-    z-bar-top (U+007A+0304)
-    ẕ (U+007A+0331)
-    zh-under-bar (U+007A+0068+035F)
-
-
-  - The Romanization columns show only lowercase forms but, when
-    romanizing, uppercase and lowercase Roman letters as appropriate should
-    be used.
-
-
-tests:
-  - source: بَغْلان
-    expected: baghlān
-
-  - source: پُوټَكَى
-    expected: pōṯakay
-
-  - source: شِيرِين تَگَاب
-    expected: shīrīn tagāb
-
-  - source: کُوْټ
-    expected: kōṯ
-
-  - source: ثَابِر
-    expected: s̄ābir
-
-  - source: جَلال آبَاد
-    expected: jalālābād
-
-  - source: چَارِيكَار
-    expected: chārīkār
-
-  - source: ځَدْرَاڼ
-    expected: dzadrāṉ
-
-  - source: څَوکۍ
-    expected: tsowkêy
-
-  - source: حَضْرَتِ إِمَام
-    expected: ḩaẕrat-e imām
-
-  - source: خُوْسْت
-    expected: khōst
-
-  - source: سْپِين بُوْلْدَک
-    expected: spīn bōldak
-
-  - source: ډَنْډ وَ پَتَان
-    expected: ḏanḏ wa patān
-
-  # - source: گُذَرْگَاهٔ نور
-  #   expected: guz̄argāh-e nūr
-
-  - source: كَنْدَهَار
-    expected: kandahār
-
-  - source: أَنْدَړ
-    expected: andaṟ
-
-  - source: كُنْدُز
-    expected: kunduz
-
-  - source: مِير أَسْلَم ژْرَنْدَه
-    expected: mīr aslam zhrandah
-
-  - source: ږِيرَه
-    expected: z͟hīrah
-
-  - source: سَمَنْگَان
-    expected: samangān
-
-  # - source: مَزَارِ شَريف
-  #   expected: mazār-e sharīf
-
-  - source: كښٙتَه كَلا
-    expected: ks͟hêtah kalā
-
-  - source: قَيْصَار
-    expected: qayşār
-
-  - source: فَيض آبَاد
-    expected: faīẕābād
-
-  - source: حَضْرَتِ سُلْطَان
-    expected: ḩaẕrat-e sulţān
-
-  - source: ظَاهِر كَلا
-    expected: z̧āhir kalā
-
-  - source: پُلِ عَلَم
-    expected: pul-e ‘alam
-
-  - source: غَزْنِي
-    expected: ghaznī
-
-  - source: مَزَارِ شَرِيف
-    expected: mazār-e sharīf
-
-  - source: قَيْصَار
-    expected: qayşār
-
-  - source: كَنْدَهَار
-    expected: kandahār
-
-  - source: گَرْدېز
-    expected: gardēz
-
-  - source: کَابُل
-    expected: kābul
-
-  - source: مَيمَنَه
-    expected: maīmanah
-
-  - source: خَان آبَاد
-    expected: khānābād
-
-  - source: مَاڼۍ
-    expected: māṉêy
-
-  - source: وَاخَان
-    expected: wākhān
-
-  # - source: هِرَات
-  #   expected: herāt
-
-  - source: يَنْگِي قَلعَه
-    expected: yangī qal‘ah
-
-  - source: جَلال آبَاد
-    expected: jalālābād
-
-  # - source: هِرات پُلِ حِصَار
-  #   expected: Herāt Pul-e Ḩişār
-
-  - source: مُرْغَاب کَابُل
-    expected: murghāb kābul
-
-  - source: گٙردُون
-    expected: gêrdōn
-
-  - source: آب بَنْد
-    expected: āb band
-
-  - source: سْپِين بُوْلْدَک
-    expected: spīn bōldak
-
-  # - source: بَالا بُلُوک
-  #   expected: Bālā Bulūk
-
-  - source: جَوزجَان
-    expected: jowzjān
-
-  # - source:  غَزْنِى سْپِين
-  #   expected: ghaznī spīn
-
-  # - source: ريگ مَيوَنْد
-  #   expected: Maywand, Rēg
-
-  - source: گَرْدېز
-    expected: gardēz
-
-  - source: مَیدان شَهْر
-    expected: maīdān shahr
-
-  - source: ډَنْډِ سُفْلىٰ
-    expected: ḏanḏ-e suflá
-
-  # - source: څَوْکۍ
-  #   expected: Tsowkêy
-
-  # - source: هَوائِي ډَگَر
-  #   expected: hawā’ī ḏagar
-
-  # - source: مَزارِ شَريف
-  #   expected: mazār-e sharīf
-
-  # - source: دايکندی
-  #   expected: dāykundī
-
-  # - source: زيارت
-  #   expected: Zīārat
-
-  # - source: غوريان
-  #   expected: Ghōriyān
-
-  # - source: ميا
-  #   expected: Myā
-
-  - source: جَبَل السَرَاج
-    expected: jabal as sarāj
-
-map:
-  characters:
-
-    # word-medial or word-final form where so appearing in a word.
-    # '\u0627': '-'
-
-    # # Vowel, Diphthong and Diacritical Characters
-
-    # '\u064E': 'a'
-
-    # # Both e and i are available to romanize this short vowel,
-    # # depending on local usage and/or root language. In cases where the sound
-    # # is uncertain, i is the default romanization in BGN/PCGN standardization
-    # # procedures.
-    # '\u0650':
-    #   - 'e'
-    #   - 'i'
-
-    # # Both o and u are available to romanize this short vowel,
-    # # depending on local usage and/or root language. In cases where the sound
-    # # is uncertain, u is the default romanization in BGN/PCGN standardization
-    # # procedures.
-    # '\u064F':
-    #   - 'o'
-    #   - 'u'
-    # '\u0659': 'ê'
-
-    # # An alif with mad ( آ ) is written only in the initial position by
-    # # BGN/PCGN standardization procedures, in keeping with Persian language
-    # # family standards of use of the Arabic alphabet. The same letter written
-    # # in a medial or final position is written . . .
-    # '\u0622': 'ā'
-
-    # pending issue #442
-    # '\u0648': 'ō'
-    # '\u0648': 'ū'
-    # '\u0648': 'ow'
-    # '\u06CC': 'ī'
-
-    # # Or 'ē'. The character ی should be romanized ay or ē according to
-    # # its root language or local pronunciation. In case of uncertainty a
-    # # reference source (such as the Fairchild Aerial Surveys map series, or a
-    # # BGN/PCGN approved policy document/list of recommended spellings) should
-    # # be consulted.
-    # '\u06CC': 'ay'
-    # '\u06D0': 'ē'
-
-    # # Or 'aī'. Both the combination ay and aī are available to romanize
-    # # this character according to its root language or local pronunciation.
-    # # In cases where the sound is uncertain ay is the default romanization in
-    # # BGN/PCGN standardization procedures
-    # '\u06CC':
-    #   - 'ay'
-    #   - 'á'
-    # '\u06CD': 'êy'
-    # '\u0621': '’'
-    # '\u0674':
-    #   - '-e'
-    #   - '-ye'
-
-    # # Other Diacritical Marks and Language Conventions
-
-    # '\u0627': 'āy'
-
-    # '\u0648': 'w'
-    # '\u0626': '’'
-    # '\u06C0': ''
-    # '\u0651': ''
-
-
-    # special rules
-
-    '\s(?=\u0622\u0628\u064E\u0627\u062F)': '' # space followed by abad is removed
-    '\ufdf2': 'Allāh' # See note 5
-
-    # pointing
-    '\u064e' : 'a' # َ fatha
-    '\u064e(?=\u0629)' : '' # َ fatha followed by ta' marboota
-    '\u064e(?=a[h|t])' : '' # َ fatha followed by ta' marboota, handling different order of conversion
-
-    # Both e and i are available to romanize this short vowel,
-    # depending on local usage and/or root language. In cases where the sound
-    # is uncertain, i is the default romanization in BGN/PCGN standardization
-    # procedures.
-    '\u0650':
-      - 'i'
-      - 'e'
-    '\u0650\b' : '-e' # ِ kasra
-
-    # Both o and u are available to romanize this short vowel,
-    # depending on local usage and/or root language. In cases where the sound
-    # is uncertain, u is the default romanization in BGN/PCGN standardization
-    # procedures.
-    '\u064f':  # ُ damma
-      - 'u'
-      - 'o'
-
-    '\u0652' : ''  # ْ sokoon
-    '\u0659': 'ê'
-
-    # special pointed letters
-    '\u0639\u064e' : '‘a'  # عَ
-    '\u0639\u0650' : '‘i'  # عِ
-    '\u0639\u064f' : '‘ū'  # عُ
-    # handle MacOS regex difference
-    '\u0639\u064f\u0648' : '‘ū'  # عُو damma followed by و
-
-    '\u0650\u064a' : 'ī' # ـِي kasra followed by ي
-    '\u0650\u06cc' : 'ī' # ـِي kasra followed by ي
-    '\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e' : 'īy' # ـِيَّ
-    '\u0650\u064a(?=\u064e|u064f)' : 'iy' # ـِي kasra followed by ي
-    '\u064f\u0648' : 'ō'  # ـُو damma followed by و
-    '\u064e\u0627' : 'ā'  # ـَا fatha followed by ا
-    '\u064e\u0649' : 'ay'  # ـَى fatha followed by ى which is ا not ي
-    '\u064e\u0648\u0652' : 'aw'  # ـَوْ
-    '\u064e\u0648' : 'ow'  # ـَو
-    '\u064e\u064a\u0652' : 'ay'  # ـَيْ
-    '\u0650\u06cc\u0651\u064e' : 'īy' # ـِيَّ
-    '\u064e\u064a' : 'aī'  # ـَي
-    '\u064e\u06cc' : 'aī'  # ـَي
-    '\u0649\u0670': 'á' # ىٰ
-    '\u0674': '-e' # ٴ
-    '\u0654': '-e' #  ٔ
-      # - '-ye'
-
-    # An alif with mad ( آ ) is written only in the initial position by
-    # BGN/PCGN standardization procedures, in keeping with Persian language
-    # family standards of use of the Arabic alphabet. The same letter written
-    # in a medial or final position is written . . .
-    '\u0622' : 'ā'  # آ
-
-    # ta' marboota
-    '\u0629' : 'at' # ة in the middle of the sentence
-    '\u0629$' : 'ah'
-    '(?<=\b\u0627\u0644[\u0600-\u06ff]{2})\u0629' : 'ah'
-    '(?<=\b\u0627\u0644[\u0600-\u06ff]{3})\u0629' : 'ah'
-    '(?<=\b\u0627\u0644[\u0600-\u06ff]{4})\u0629' : 'ah'
-    '(?<=\b\u0627\u0644[\u0600-\u06ff]{5})\u0629' : 'ah'
-    '(?<=\b\u0627\u0644[\u0600-\u06ff]{6})\u0629' : 'ah'
-    '(?<=\b\u0627\u0644[\u0600-\u06ff]{7})\u0629' : 'ah'
-    '(?<=\b\u0627\u0644[\u0600-\u06ff]{8})\u0629' : 'ah'
-    '(?<=\b\u0627\u0644[\u0600-\u06ff]{9})\u0629' : 'ah'
-    '(?<=\b\u0627\u0644[\u0600-\u06ff]{10})\u0629' : 'ah'
-    '(?<=\b\u0627\u0644[\u0600-\u06ff]{11})\u0629' : 'ah'
-    '(?<=\b\u0627\u0644[\u0600-\u06ff]{12})\u0629' : 'ah'
-    '(?<=\b\u0627\u0644[\u0600-\u06ff]{13})\u0629' : 'ah'
-
-    # shadda
-
-    '\u0628\u0651' : 'bb'  # ب
-    '\u062a\u0651' : 'tt'  # ت
-    '\u062b\u0651' : 'thth'  # ث
-    '\u062c\u0651' : 'jj'  # ج
-    '\u062d\u0651' : 'ẖẖ' # ح
-    '\u062e\u0651' : 'khkh'  # خ
-    '\u062f\u0651' : 'dd'  # د
-    '\u0630\u0651' : 'z̄z̄'  # ذ
-    '\u0631\u0651' : 'rr'  # ر
-    '\u0632\u0651' : 'zz'  # ز
-    '\u0633\u0651' : 'ss'  # س
-    '\u0634\u0651' : 'sh'  # ش
-    '\u0635\u0651' : 'şş'  # ص
-    '\u0636\u0651' : 'ḏḏ'  # ض
-    '\u0637\u0651' : 'ţţ'  # ط
-    '\u0638\u0651' : 'z̧z̧'  # ظ
-    '\u063a\u0651' : 'ghgh'  # غ
-    '\u0641\u0651' : 'ff'  # ف
-    '\u0642\u0651' : 'qq'  # ق
-    '\u0643\u0651' : 'kk'  # ك
-    '\u0644\u0651' : 'll'  # ل
-    '\u0645\u0651' : 'mm'  # م
-    '\u0646\u0651' : 'nn'  # ن
-    '\u0647\u0651' : 'hh'  # ه
-    '\u0648\u0651' : 'ww'  # و
-    '\u064a\u0651' : 'yy'  # ي
-
-
-    '\u0621': '’' # ء
-    '\u0626': '’' # ئ
-
-    '\u0623' : ''  # أ
-    '\u0625': ''    # إ
-    '\u0627' : 'ā'  # ا
-
-    # See note B
-    '\b\u0627\u0644' : 'al '  # ال
-    # '\uFE8E' : ''  # ﺎ
-
-    # Sun letters
-    '\b\u0627\u0644\u062a' : 'at t'  # الت
-    '\b\u0627\u0644\u062b' : 'as̄ s̄'  # الث
-    '\b\u0627\u0644\u062f' : 'ad d' # الد
-    '\b\u0627\u0644\u0630' : 'az̄ z̄'  # الذ
-    '\b\u0627\u0644\u0631' : 'ar r' # الر
-    '\b\u0627\u0644\u0632' : 'az z'  # الز
-    '\b\u0627\u0644\u0633' : 'as s' # الس
-    '\b\u0627\u0644\u0634' : 'ash sh' # الش
-    '\b\u0627\u0644\u0635' : 'aş ş'  # الص
-    '\b\u0627\u0644\u0636' : 'aẕ ẕ'  # الض
-    '\b\u0627\u0644\u0637' : 'aţ ţ'  # الط
-    '\b\u0627\u0644\u0638' : 'az̧ z̧' # الظ
-    '\b\u0627\u0644\u0644' : 'al l'  # الل
-    '\b\u0627\u0644\u0646' : 'an n'  # الن
-
-
-    # consonant characters
-
-    '\u0628' : 'b'  # ب
-    '\u067E': 'p' # پ
-    '\u062a' : 't'  # ت
-    '\u067C': 'ṯ'  # ټ
-    '\u062B': 's̄'   # ث
-    '\u062c' : 'j'  # ج
-    '\u0686': 'ch'  # ‫چ‬
-
-    # # The variant form ج is seen infrequently and does not have a
-    # # single Unicode encoding.
-    '\u0681': 'dz' # Note 2 # ‫ځ‬
-
-    '\u0685': 'ts' # Note 2 # ‫څ
-
-    '\u062d' : 'ḩ' # ح
-    '\u062e' : 'kh'  # خ
-    '\u062f' : 'd'  # د
-    '\u0689' : 'ḏ' # ‫ډ‬
-    '\u0630' : 'z̄'  # ذ
-    '\u0631' : 'r'  # ر
-    '\u0693' : 'ṟ'   # ړ
-    '\u0632' : 'z'  # ز
-    '\u0698' : 'zh'  # ‫ژ‬
-    '\u0696' : 'z͟h'  # ږ
-    '\u0633' : 's'  # س
-    '\u069A' : 's͟h'  # ښ
-    '\u0634' : 'sh'  # ش
-    '\u0635' : 'ş'  # ص
-    '\u0636' : 'ẕ'  # ض
-    '\u0637' : 'ţ'  # ط
-    '\u0638' : 'z̧'  # ظ
-    '\u0639' : '‘'  # ع
-    '\u063a' : 'gh'  # غ
-    '\u0641' : 'f'  # ف
-    '\u0642' : 'q'  # ق
-    '\u0643' : 'k'  # ك
-    '\u06A9' : 'k' # ک
-    '\u06AF' : 'g' # ‫گ‬
-    '\u0644' : 'l'  # ل
-    '\u0645' : 'm'  # م
-    '\u0646' : 'n'  # ن
-    '\u06BC' : 'ṉ' # ڼ
-    '\u0647' : 'h'  # ه
-    '\u0648' : 'w'  # و
-    '\u064a' : 'y'  # ي
-    '\u0649' : 'y'  # ي
-    '\u06D0' : 'ē'   # ې
-    '\u06CD' : 'êy'  # ‫ۍ‬