superquantx 0.1.0__py3-none-any.whl

superquantx/ml.py

@@ -0,0 +1,936 @@
+"""Quantum Machine Learning utilities for SuperQuantX
+"""
+
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from typing import Dict, List, Optional
+
+import numpy as np
+from scipy.optimize import minimize
+from sklearn.base import BaseEstimator, ClassifierMixin, RegressorMixin
+from sklearn.metrics import mean_squared_error
+from sklearn.preprocessing import LabelEncoder, StandardScaler
+
+from .circuits import QuantumCircuit
+from .client import SuperQuantXClient
+
+
+class QuantumFeatureMap(ABC):
+    """Abstract base class for quantum feature maps
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, num_qubits: int, num_features: int):
+        """Initialize feature map
+        
+        Args:
+            num_qubits: Number of qubits
+            num_features: Number of input features
+
+        """
+        self.num_qubits = num_qubits
+        self.num_features = num_features
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def map_features(self, x: np.ndarray) -> QuantumCircuit:
+        """Map classical features to quantum state
+        
+        Args:
+            x: Feature vector
+            
+        Returns:
+            Quantum circuit encoding the features
+
+        """
+        pass
+
+
+class AngleEmbeddingFeatureMap(QuantumFeatureMap):
+    """Angle embedding feature map
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        num_qubits: int,
+        num_features: int,
+        rotation_gates: List[str] = None
+    ):
+        """Initialize angle embedding
+        
+        Args:
+            num_qubits: Number of qubits
+            num_features: Number of features
+            rotation_gates: Rotation gates to use (default: ['RY'])
+
+        """
+        super().__init__(num_qubits, num_features)
+        self.rotation_gates = rotation_gates or ['RY']
+
+    def map_features(self, x: np.ndarray) -> QuantumCircuit:
+        """Map features using angle encoding"""
+        circuit = QuantumCircuit(self.num_qubits)
+
+        for i in range(min(self.num_features, self.num_qubits)):
+            if 'RX' in self.rotation_gates:
+                circuit.rx(x[i], i)
+            if 'RY' in self.rotation_gates:
+                circuit.ry(x[i], i)
+            if 'RZ' in self.rotation_gates:
+                circuit.rz(x[i], i)
+
+        return circuit
+
+
+class AmplitudeEmbeddingFeatureMap(QuantumFeatureMap):
+    """Amplitude embedding feature map
+    """
+
+    def map_features(self, x: np.ndarray) -> QuantumCircuit:
+        """Map features using amplitude encoding"""
+        # Normalize features
+        norm = np.linalg.norm(x)
+        if norm > 0:
+            normalized_x = x / norm
+        else:
+            normalized_x = x
+
+        # Pad with zeros if needed
+        padded_size = 2 ** self.num_qubits
+        if len(normalized_x) < padded_size:
+            padded_x = np.pad(normalized_x, (0, padded_size - len(normalized_x)))
+        else:
+            padded_x = normalized_x[:padded_size]
+
+        # Create circuit with amplitude encoding
+        circuit = QuantumCircuit(self.num_qubits)
+
+        # This would require sophisticated state preparation
+        # For now, use a simplified approximation
+        for i in range(self.num_qubits):
+            if i < len(x):
+                circuit.ry(2 * np.arcsin(np.sqrt(abs(padded_x[i]))), i)
+
+        return circuit
+
+
+class IQPFeatureMap(QuantumFeatureMap):
+    """Instantaneous Quantum Polynomial (IQP) feature map
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, num_qubits: int, num_features: int, degree: int = 2):
+        """Initialize IQP feature map
+        
+        Args:
+            num_qubits: Number of qubits
+            num_features: Number of features
+            degree: Polynomial degree
+
+        """
+        super().__init__(num_qubits, num_features)
+        self.degree = degree
+
+    def map_features(self, x: np.ndarray) -> QuantumCircuit:
+        """Map features using IQP encoding"""
+        circuit = QuantumCircuit(self.num_qubits)
+
+        # Initialize in superposition
+        for i in range(self.num_qubits):
+            circuit.h(i)
+
+        # First-order terms
+        for i in range(min(self.num_features, self.num_qubits)):
+            circuit.rz(x[i], i)
+
+        # Second-order terms (if degree >= 2)
+        if self.degree >= 2:
+            for i in range(self.num_qubits - 1):
+                for j in range(i + 1, min(self.num_qubits, self.num_features)):
+                    if i < len(x) and j < len(x):
+                        circuit.cnot(i, j)
+                        circuit.rz(x[i] * x[j], j)
+                        circuit.cnot(i, j)
+
+        return circuit
+
+
+class QuantumKernel:
+    """Quantum kernel for kernel-based machine learning
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        feature_map: QuantumFeatureMap,
+        client: Optional[SuperQuantXClient] = None
+    ):
+        """Initialize quantum kernel
+        
+        Args:
+            feature_map: Quantum feature map
+            client: SuperQuantX client for execution
+
+        """
+        self.feature_map = feature_map
+        self.client = client
+
+    def kernel_matrix(self, X1: np.ndarray, X2: np.ndarray = None) -> np.ndarray:
+        """Compute quantum kernel matrix
+        
+        Args:
+            X1: First set of data points
+            X2: Second set of data points (default: same as X1)
+            
+        Returns:
+            Kernel matrix K[i,j] = ⟨φ(x_i)|φ(x_j)⟩
+
+        """
+        if X2 is None:
+            X2 = X1
+
+        kernel_matrix = np.zeros((len(X1), len(X2)))
+
+        for i, x1 in enumerate(X1):
+            for j, x2 in enumerate(X2):
+                kernel_matrix[i, j] = self._kernel_value(x1, x2)
+
+        return kernel_matrix
+
+    def _kernel_value(self, x1: np.ndarray, x2: np.ndarray) -> float:
+        """Compute kernel value between two data points
+        
+        Args:
+            x1: First data point
+            x2: Second data point
+            
+        Returns:
+            Kernel value ⟨φ(x1)|φ(x2)⟩
+
+        """
+        # Create circuits for both feature vectors
+        circuit1 = self.feature_map.map_features(x1)
+        circuit2 = self.feature_map.map_features(x2)
+
+        # Create kernel estimation circuit
+        kernel_circuit = self._create_kernel_circuit(circuit1, circuit2)
+
+        if self.client is None:
+            # Simulate kernel value
+            return self._simulate_kernel_value(kernel_circuit)
+        else:
+            # Execute on quantum backend
+            return self._execute_kernel_value(kernel_circuit)
+
+    def _create_kernel_circuit(
+        self,
+        circuit1: QuantumCircuit,
+        circuit2: QuantumCircuit
+    ) -> QuantumCircuit:
+        """Create circuit for kernel estimation"""
+        # This creates a circuit that computes |⟨φ(x1)|φ(x2)⟩|²
+
+        num_qubits = circuit1.num_qubits
+        kernel_circuit = QuantumCircuit(2 * num_qubits + 1)  # +1 for ancilla
+
+        # Apply feature map to first register
+        for gate in circuit1.gates:
+            new_gate = QuantumGate(
+                name=gate.name,
+                qubits=gate.qubits,
+                parameters=gate.parameters
+            )
+            kernel_circuit.gates.append(new_gate)
+
+        # Apply inverse feature map to second register
+        for gate in reversed(circuit2.gates):
+            # Map qubits to second register
+            mapped_qubits = [q + num_qubits for q in gate.qubits]
+
+            # Create inverse gate
+            inv_gate = self._inverse_gate(gate, mapped_qubits)
+            kernel_circuit.gates.append(inv_gate)
+
+        # Swap test between registers
+        ancilla = 2 * num_qubits
+        kernel_circuit.h(ancilla)
+
+        for i in range(num_qubits):
+            kernel_circuit.gates.append(
+                QuantumGate(name="CSWAP", qubits=[ancilla, i, i + num_qubits])
+            )
+
+        kernel_circuit.h(ancilla)
+        kernel_circuit.measure(ancilla, 0)
+
+        return kernel_circuit
+
+    def _inverse_gate(self, gate: QuantumGate, mapped_qubits: List[int]) -> QuantumGate:
+        """Create inverse gate with mapped qubits"""
+        # Simplified inverse gate creation
+        inverse_params = [-p for p in gate.parameters] if gate.parameters else []
+
+        return QuantumGate(
+            name=gate.name,  # Would need proper inverse mapping
+            qubits=mapped_qubits,
+            parameters=inverse_params
+        )
+
+    def _simulate_kernel_value(self, circuit: QuantumCircuit) -> float:
+        """Simulate kernel value computation"""
+        # Simplified simulation
+        return np.random.uniform(0, 1)  # Placeholder
+
+    def _execute_kernel_value(self, circuit: QuantumCircuit) -> float:
+        """Execute kernel computation on quantum backend"""
+        if self.client is None:
+            raise ValueError("Client required for quantum execution")
+
+        job = self.client.submit_job_sync(circuit_data=circuit.to_dict())
+        result = self.client.wait_for_job_sync(job.job_id)
+
+        # Extract kernel value from measurement statistics
+        counts = result.results.get("counts", {})
+        total_shots = sum(counts.values())
+
+        # Probability of measuring |0⟩ on ancilla qubit
+        prob_0 = counts.get("0", 0) / total_shots if total_shots > 0 else 0.5
+
+        # Kernel value: K = 2 * P(0) - 1
+        return 2 * prob_0 - 1
+
+
+class QuantumSVM(BaseEstimator, ClassifierMixin):
+    """Quantum Support Vector Machine
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        quantum_kernel: QuantumKernel,
+        C: float = 1.0
+    ):
+        """Initialize Quantum SVM
+        
+        Args:
+            quantum_kernel: Quantum kernel for classification
+            C: Regularization parameter
+
+        """
+        self.quantum_kernel = quantum_kernel
+        self.C = C
+        self.is_fitted_ = False
+
+        # Will be set during training
+        self.support_vectors_: Optional[np.ndarray] = None
+        self.support_: Optional[np.ndarray] = None
+        self.alpha_: Optional[np.ndarray] = None
+        self.intercept_: Optional[float] = None
+        self.classes_: Optional[np.ndarray] = None
+
+    def fit(self, X: np.ndarray, y: np.ndarray) -> "QuantumSVM":
+        """Fit Quantum SVM
+        
+        Args:
+            X: Training data
+            y: Training labels
+            
+        Returns:
+            Fitted model
+
+        """
+        # Encode labels to {-1, 1}
+        self.classes_ = np.unique(y)
+        if len(self.classes_) != 2:
+            raise ValueError("QuantumSVM supports binary classification only")
+
+        y_encoded = np.where(y == self.classes_[0], -1, 1)
+
+        # Compute quantum kernel matrix
+        K = self.quantum_kernel.kernel_matrix(X)
+
+        # Solve SVM dual optimization problem
+        # This is a simplified implementation - would use proper QP solver
+        n_samples = len(X)
+
+        # Objective function for dual SVM problem
+        def objective(alpha):
+            return 0.5 * np.sum(alpha[:, None] * alpha[None, :] * y_encoded[:, None] * y_encoded[None, :] * K) - np.sum(alpha)
+
+        # Constraints: 0 <= alpha_i <= C and sum(alpha_i * y_i) = 0
+        from scipy.optimize import minimize
+
+        constraints = [
+            {'type': 'eq', 'fun': lambda alpha: np.sum(alpha * y_encoded)},
+        ]
+
+        bounds = [(0, self.C) for _ in range(n_samples)]
+
+        # Initial guess
+        alpha_init = np.zeros(n_samples)
+
+        # Solve optimization
+        result = minimize(
+            objective,
+            alpha_init,
+            method='SLSQP',
+            bounds=bounds,
+            constraints=constraints
+        )
+
+        self.alpha_ = result.x
+
+        # Find support vectors (alpha > 0)
+        support_indices = np.where(self.alpha_ > 1e-6)[0]
+        self.support_ = support_indices
+        self.support_vectors_ = X[support_indices]
+
+        # Compute intercept
+        if len(support_indices) > 0:
+            # Use free support vectors (0 < alpha < C)
+            free_sv_indices = support_indices[
+                (self.alpha_[support_indices] > 1e-6) &
+                (self.alpha_[support_indices] < self.C - 1e-6)
+            ]
+
+            if len(free_sv_indices) > 0:
+                # Compute intercept using free support vectors
+                intercept_values = []
+                for idx in free_sv_indices:
+                    kernel_values = self.quantum_kernel.kernel_matrix(
+                        X[support_indices], X[idx:idx+1]
+                    )[:, 0]
+
+                    intercept_val = y_encoded[idx] - np.sum(
+                        self.alpha_[support_indices] * y_encoded[support_indices] * kernel_values
+                    )
+                    intercept_values.append(intercept_val)
+
+                self.intercept_ = np.mean(intercept_values)
+            else:
+                self.intercept_ = 0.0
+        else:
+            self.intercept_ = 0.0
+
+        self.is_fitted_ = True
+        return self
+
+    def decision_function(self, X: np.ndarray) -> np.ndarray:
+        """Compute decision function
+        
+        Args:
+            X: Input data
+            
+        Returns:
+            Decision function values
+
+        """
+        if not self.is_fitted_:
+            raise ValueError("Model must be fitted before prediction")
+
+        if len(self.support_) == 0:
+            return np.zeros(len(X))
+
+        # Compute kernel matrix between test data and support vectors
+        K_test = self.quantum_kernel.kernel_matrix(X, self.support_vectors_)
+
+        # Compute decision function
+        y_support = np.where(
+            np.isin(range(len(self.alpha_)), self.support_),
+            np.where(np.arange(len(self.classes_)) == 0, -1, 1)[0],
+            0
+        )
+
+        decision = np.sum(
+            self.alpha_[self.support_] * y_support[self.support_] * K_test.T,
+            axis=0
+        ) + self.intercept_
+
+        return decision
+
+    def predict(self, X: np.ndarray) -> np.ndarray:
+        """Make predictions
+        
+        Args:
+            X: Input data
+            
+        Returns:
+            Predicted labels
+
+        """
+        decision = self.decision_function(X)
+        binary_pred = np.where(decision >= 0, 1, -1)
+
+        # Convert back to original labels
+        return np.where(binary_pred == -1, self.classes_[0], self.classes_[1])
+
+
+class QuantumClassifier(BaseEstimator, ClassifierMixin):
+    """General quantum classifier using variational quantum circuits
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        feature_map: QuantumFeatureMap,
+        ansatz_layers: int = 2,
+        client: Optional[SuperQuantXClient] = None,
+        optimizer: str = "SLSQP",
+        max_iter: int = 1000
+    ):
+        """Initialize quantum classifier
+        
+        Args:
+            feature_map: Quantum feature map
+            ansatz_layers: Number of variational layers
+            client: SuperQuantX client
+            optimizer: Classical optimizer
+            max_iter: Maximum optimization iterations
+
+        """
+        self.feature_map = feature_map
+        self.ansatz_layers = ansatz_layers
+        self.client = client
+        self.optimizer = optimizer
+        self.max_iter = max_iter
+
+        self.is_fitted_ = False
+        self.parameters_: Optional[np.ndarray] = None
+        self.classes_: Optional[np.ndarray] = None
+        self.label_encoder_ = LabelEncoder()
+
+    def _create_circuit(self, x: np.ndarray, parameters: np.ndarray) -> QuantumCircuit:
+        """Create quantum circuit for given input and parameters"""
+        # Feature encoding
+        circuit = self.feature_map.map_features(x)
+
+        # Variational ansatz
+        num_qubits = circuit.num_qubits
+        param_idx = 0
+
+        for layer in range(self.ansatz_layers):
+            # Parameterized rotations
+            for qubit in range(num_qubits):
+                if param_idx < len(parameters):
+                    circuit.ry(parameters[param_idx], qubit)
+                    param_idx += 1
+                if param_idx < len(parameters):
+                    circuit.rz(parameters[param_idx], qubit)
+                    param_idx += 1
+
+            # Entangling gates
+            for qubit in range(num_qubits - 1):
+                circuit.cnot(qubit, qubit + 1)
+
+        return circuit
+
+    def _cost_function(self, parameters: np.ndarray, X: np.ndarray, y: np.ndarray) -> float:
+        """Cost function for optimization"""
+        predictions = self._predict_proba_raw(X, parameters)
+
+        # Cross-entropy loss
+        loss = 0.0
+        for i, pred in enumerate(predictions):
+            true_label = y[i]
+            # Avoid log(0)
+            pred_clipped = np.clip(pred, 1e-15, 1 - 1e-15)
+            loss -= np.log(pred_clipped[true_label])
+
+        return loss / len(y)
+
+    def _predict_proba_raw(self, X: np.ndarray, parameters: np.ndarray) -> np.ndarray:
+        """Predict class probabilities using given parameters"""
+        num_classes = len(self.classes_) if self.classes_ is not None else 2
+        probabilities = np.zeros((len(X), num_classes))
+
+        for i, x in enumerate(X):
+            circuit = self._create_circuit(x, parameters)
+
+            if self.client is None:
+                # Simulate measurement
+                probs = self._simulate_measurement_probabilities(circuit)
+            else:
+                # Execute on quantum backend
+                probs = self._execute_measurement_probabilities(circuit)
+
+            probabilities[i] = probs
+
+        return probabilities
+
+    def _simulate_measurement_probabilities(self, circuit: QuantumCircuit) -> np.ndarray:
+        """Simulate measurement probabilities"""
+        # Placeholder - would use quantum simulator
+        num_classes = len(self.classes_) if self.classes_ is not None else 2
+        return np.random.dirichlet(np.ones(num_classes))
+
+    def _execute_measurement_probabilities(self, circuit: QuantumCircuit) -> np.ndarray:
+        """Execute measurement on quantum backend"""
+        # Add measurements
+        measurement_circuit = circuit.copy()
+        measurement_circuit.measure_all()
+
+        job = self.client.submit_job_sync(circuit_data=measurement_circuit.to_dict())
+        result = self.client.wait_for_job_sync(job.job_id)
+
+        counts = result.results.get("counts", {})
+        total_shots = sum(counts.values())
+
+        # Convert counts to probabilities
+        num_classes = len(self.classes_)
+        probabilities = np.zeros(num_classes)
+
+        for outcome, count in counts.items():
+            # Map bitstring to class (simplified)
+            class_idx = int(outcome, 2) % num_classes
+            probabilities[class_idx] += count / total_shots
+
+        return probabilities
+
+    def fit(self, X: np.ndarray, y: np.ndarray) -> "QuantumClassifier":
+        """Fit quantum classifier
+        
+        Args:
+            X: Training data
+            y: Training labels
+            
+        Returns:
+            Fitted model
+
+        """
+        # Encode labels
+        y_encoded = self.label_encoder_.fit_transform(y)
+        self.classes_ = self.label_encoder_.classes_
+
+        # Initialize parameters
+        num_params = self.ansatz_layers * self.feature_map.num_qubits * 2
+        initial_params = np.random.uniform(0, 2*np.pi, num_params)
+
+        # Optimize parameters
+        result = minimize(
+            fun=lambda params: self._cost_function(params, X, y_encoded),
+            x0=initial_params,
+            method=self.optimizer,
+            options={'maxiter': self.max_iter}
+        )
+
+        self.parameters_ = result.x
+        self.is_fitted_ = True
+
+        return self
+
+    def predict_proba(self, X: np.ndarray) -> np.ndarray:
+        """Predict class probabilities
+        
+        Args:
+            X: Input data
+            
+        Returns:
+            Class probabilities
+
+        """
+        if not self.is_fitted_:
+            raise ValueError("Model must be fitted before prediction")
+
+        return self._predict_proba_raw(X, self.parameters_)
+
+    def predict(self, X: np.ndarray) -> np.ndarray:
+        """Make predictions
+        
+        Args:
+            X: Input data
+            
+        Returns:
+            Predicted labels
+
+        """
+        probabilities = self.predict_proba(X)
+        class_indices = np.argmax(probabilities, axis=1)
+        return self.label_encoder_.inverse_transform(class_indices)
+
+
+class QuantumRegressor(BaseEstimator, RegressorMixin):
+    """Quantum regressor using variational quantum circuits
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        feature_map: QuantumFeatureMap,
+        ansatz_layers: int = 2,
+        client: Optional[SuperQuantXClient] = None,
+        optimizer: str = "SLSQP"
+    ):
+        """Initialize quantum regressor
+        
+        Args:
+            feature_map: Quantum feature map
+            ansatz_layers: Number of variational layers
+            client: SuperQuantX client
+            optimizer: Classical optimizer
+
+        """
+        self.feature_map = feature_map
+        self.ansatz_layers = ansatz_layers
+        self.client = client
+        self.optimizer = optimizer
+
+        self.is_fitted_ = False
+        self.parameters_: Optional[np.ndarray] = None
+        self.scaler_ = StandardScaler()
+
+    def _create_circuit(self, x: np.ndarray, parameters: np.ndarray) -> QuantumCircuit:
+        """Create quantum circuit for regression"""
+        # Similar to classifier but optimized for regression
+        circuit = self.feature_map.map_features(x)
+
+        num_qubits = circuit.num_qubits
+        param_idx = 0
+
+        for layer in range(self.ansatz_layers):
+            for qubit in range(num_qubits):
+                if param_idx < len(parameters):
+                    circuit.ry(parameters[param_idx], qubit)
+                    param_idx += 1
+
+            # Entangling layer
+            for qubit in range(num_qubits - 1):
+                circuit.cnot(qubit, qubit + 1)
+
+        return circuit
+
+    def _predict_single(self, x: np.ndarray, parameters: np.ndarray) -> float:
+        """Predict single value"""
+        circuit = self._create_circuit(x, parameters)
+
+        if self.client is None:
+            # Simulate expectation value
+            return np.random.uniform(-1, 1)  # Placeholder
+        else:
+            # Execute on quantum backend
+            return self._execute_expectation_value(circuit)
+
+    def _execute_expectation_value(self, circuit: QuantumCircuit) -> float:
+        """Execute expectation value measurement"""
+        measurement_circuit = circuit.copy()
+        measurement_circuit.measure(0, 0)  # Measure first qubit
+
+        job = self.client.submit_job_sync(circuit_data=measurement_circuit.to_dict())
+        result = self.client.wait_for_job_sync(job.job_id)
+
+        counts = result.results.get("counts", {})
+        total_shots = sum(counts.values())
+
+        # Expectation value of Z on first qubit
+        prob_0 = counts.get("0", 0) / total_shots if total_shots > 0 else 0.5
+        expectation = 2 * prob_0 - 1
+
+        return expectation
+
+    def fit(self, X: np.ndarray, y: np.ndarray) -> "QuantumRegressor":
+        """Fit quantum regressor
+        
+        Args:
+            X: Training data
+            y: Training targets
+            
+        Returns:
+            Fitted model
+
+        """
+        # Scale targets
+        y_scaled = self.scaler_.fit_transform(y.reshape(-1, 1)).flatten()
+
+        # Initialize parameters
+        num_params = self.ansatz_layers * self.feature_map.num_qubits
+        initial_params = np.random.uniform(0, 2*np.pi, num_params)
+
+        # Cost function
+        def cost_function(params):
+            predictions = [self._predict_single(x, params) for x in X]
+            return mean_squared_error(y_scaled, predictions)
+
+        # Optimize
+        result = minimize(
+            cost_function,
+            initial_params,
+            method=self.optimizer
+        )
+
+        self.parameters_ = result.x
+        self.is_fitted_ = True
+
+        return self
+
+    def predict(self, X: np.ndarray) -> np.ndarray:
+        """Make predictions
+        
+        Args:
+            X: Input data
+            
+        Returns:
+            Predicted values
+
+        """
+        if not self.is_fitted_:
+            raise ValueError("Model must be fitted before prediction")
+
+        scaled_predictions = [self._predict_single(x, self.parameters_) for x in X]
+        predictions = self.scaler_.inverse_transform(
+            np.array(scaled_predictions).reshape(-1, 1)
+        ).flatten()
+
+        return predictions
+
+
+class QuantumGAN:
+    """Quantum Generative Adversarial Network
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        num_qubits: int,
+        generator_layers: int = 3,
+        discriminator_layers: int = 2,
+        client: Optional[SuperQuantXClient] = None
+    ):
+        """Initialize Quantum GAN
+        
+        Args:
+            num_qubits: Number of qubits
+            generator_layers: Generator circuit depth
+            discriminator_layers: Discriminator circuit depth
+            client: SuperQuantX client
+
+        """
+        self.num_qubits = num_qubits
+        self.generator_layers = generator_layers
+        self.discriminator_layers = discriminator_layers
+        self.client = client
+
+        # Parameters will be set during training
+        self.generator_params: Optional[np.ndarray] = None
+        self.discriminator_params: Optional[np.ndarray] = None
+
+    def create_generator(self, noise: np.ndarray, params: np.ndarray) -> QuantumCircuit:
+        """Create generator circuit"""
+        circuit = QuantumCircuit(self.num_qubits)
+
+        # Noise encoding
+        for i, noise_val in enumerate(noise[:self.num_qubits]):
+            circuit.ry(noise_val, i)
+
+        # Variational layers
+        param_idx = 0
+        for layer in range(self.generator_layers):
+            for qubit in range(self.num_qubits):
+                if param_idx < len(params):
+                    circuit.ry(params[param_idx], qubit)
+                    param_idx += 1
+
+            # Entangling
+            for qubit in range(self.num_qubits - 1):
+                circuit.cnot(qubit, qubit + 1)
+
+        return circuit
+
+    def create_discriminator(self, data_circuit: QuantumCircuit, params: np.ndarray) -> float:
+        """Create discriminator and return probability of real data"""
+        # Simplified discriminator - would be more complex in practice
+
+        # Apply discriminator ansatz
+        discriminator_circuit = data_circuit.copy()
+
+        param_idx = 0
+        for layer in range(self.discriminator_layers):
+            for qubit in range(self.num_qubits):
+                if param_idx < len(params):
+                    discriminator_circuit.rz(params[param_idx], qubit)
+                    param_idx += 1
+
+        # Measure and return probability
+        if self.client is None:
+            return np.random.uniform(0, 1)  # Placeholder
+        else:
+            discriminator_circuit.measure(0, 0)
+            job = self.client.submit_job_sync(discriminator_circuit.to_dict())
+            result = self.client.wait_for_job_sync(job.job_id)
+
+            counts = result.results.get("counts", {})
+            total = sum(counts.values())
+            prob_real = counts.get("0", 0) / total if total > 0 else 0.5
+
+            return prob_real
+
+    def train(
+        self,
+        training_data: np.ndarray,
+        num_epochs: int = 100,
+        learning_rate: float = 0.01
+    ) -> Dict[str, List[float]]:
+        """Train Quantum GAN
+        
+        Args:
+            training_data: Real training data
+            num_epochs: Number of training epochs
+            learning_rate: Learning rate
+            
+        Returns:
+            Training history
+
+        """
+        # Initialize parameters
+        gen_params = np.random.uniform(0, 2*np.pi, self.generator_layers * self.num_qubits)
+        disc_params = np.random.uniform(0, 2*np.pi, self.discriminator_layers * self.num_qubits)
+
+        history = {"generator_loss": [], "discriminator_loss": []}
+
+        for epoch in range(num_epochs):
+            # Train discriminator
+            real_data_sample = training_data[np.random.randint(len(training_data))]
+            noise = np.random.uniform(0, 2*np.pi, self.num_qubits)
+
+            # Generate fake data
+            fake_circuit = self.create_generator(noise, gen_params)
+
+            # Discriminator loss (simplified)
+            real_prob = self.create_discriminator(
+                self._data_to_circuit(real_data_sample), disc_params
+            )
+            fake_prob = self.create_discriminator(fake_circuit, disc_params)
+
+            disc_loss = -np.log(real_prob) - np.log(1 - fake_prob)
+
+            # Train generator
+            gen_loss = -np.log(fake_prob)
+
+            # Update parameters (simplified gradient descent)
+            # In practice, would compute proper gradients
+            disc_params += learning_rate * np.random.normal(0, 0.1, len(disc_params))
+            gen_params += learning_rate * np.random.normal(0, 0.1, len(gen_params))
+
+            history["generator_loss"].append(gen_loss)
+            history["discriminator_loss"].append(disc_loss)
+
+        self.generator_params = gen_params
+        self.discriminator_params = disc_params
+
+        return history
+
+    def _data_to_circuit(self, data: np.ndarray) -> QuantumCircuit:
+        """Convert data to quantum circuit"""
+        circuit = QuantumCircuit(self.num_qubits)
+
+        # Simple data encoding
+        for i, val in enumerate(data[:self.num_qubits]):
+            circuit.ry(val, i)
+
+        return circuit
+
+    def generate_samples(self, num_samples: int) -> List[np.ndarray]:
+        """Generate samples using trained generator"""
+        if self.generator_params is None:
+            raise ValueError("GAN must be trained before generating samples")
+
+        samples = []
+        for _ in range(num_samples):
+            noise = np.random.uniform(0, 2*np.pi, self.num_qubits)
+            generator_circuit = self.create_generator(noise, self.generator_params)
+
+            # Extract generated sample (simplified)
+            # Would measure and extract amplitudes in practice
+            sample = np.random.uniform(0, 1, self.num_qubits)  # Placeholder
+            samples.append(sample)
+
+        return samples