superquantx 0.1.0__py3-none-any.whl

superquantx/backends/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
+"""Quantum computing backends for SuperQuantX.
+
+This module provides a unified interface to various quantum computing
+platforms and simulators, including PennyLane, Qiskit, Cirq, and others.
+"""
+
+import logging
+from typing import Any, Dict, Optional, Union
+
+from .base_backend import BaseBackend
+from .simulator_backend import SimulatorBackend
+
+
+# Import backends with graceful failure handling
+try:
+    from .pennylane_backend import PennyLaneBackend
+except ImportError:
+    PennyLaneBackend = None
+
+try:
+    from .qiskit_backend import QiskitBackend
+except ImportError:
+    QiskitBackend = None
+
+try:
+    from .cirq_backend import CirqBackend
+except ImportError:
+    CirqBackend = None
+
+try:
+    from .braket_backend import BraketBackend
+except ImportError:
+    BraketBackend = None
+
+try:
+    from .tket_backend import TKETBackend
+except ImportError:
+    TKETBackend = None
+
+try:
+    from .ocean_backend import OceanBackend
+except ImportError:
+    OceanBackend = None
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+# Registry of available backends
+BACKEND_REGISTRY = {
+    'simulator': SimulatorBackend,
+    'auto': None,  # Auto-selection
+}
+
+# Add backends if they were imported successfully
+if PennyLaneBackend is not None:
+    BACKEND_REGISTRY['pennylane'] = PennyLaneBackend
+if QiskitBackend is not None:
+    BACKEND_REGISTRY['qiskit'] = QiskitBackend
+if CirqBackend is not None:
+    BACKEND_REGISTRY['cirq'] = CirqBackend
+if BraketBackend is not None:
+    BACKEND_REGISTRY['braket'] = BraketBackend
+if TKETBackend is not None:
+    BACKEND_REGISTRY['tket'] = TKETBackend
+    BACKEND_REGISTRY['quantinuum'] = TKETBackend  # Alias for Quantinuum
+if OceanBackend is not None:
+    BACKEND_REGISTRY['ocean'] = OceanBackend
+    BACKEND_REGISTRY['dwave'] = OceanBackend  # Alias for D-Wave
+
+# Aliases for common backends
+BACKEND_ALIASES = {
+    'pl': 'pennylane',
+    'penny': 'pennylane',
+    'qk': 'qiskit',
+    'ibm': 'qiskit',
+    'google': 'cirq',
+    'aws': 'braket',
+    'amazon': 'braket',
+    'tk': 'tket',
+    'pytket': 'tket',
+    'h1': 'quantinuum',  # Quantinuum H-Series
+    'h2': 'quantinuum',
+    'annealing': 'ocean',
+    'quantum_annealing': 'ocean',
+    'sim': 'simulator',
+    'local': 'simulator',
+}
+
+def get_backend(backend: Union[str, BaseBackend], **kwargs) -> BaseBackend:
+    """Get a quantum backend instance.
+    
+    Args:
+        backend: Backend name or instance
+        **kwargs: Backend configuration parameters
+        
+    Returns:
+        Backend instance
+        
+    Raises:
+        ValueError: If backend is not supported
+        ImportError: If backend dependencies are missing
+        
+    Example:
+        >>> backend = get_backend('pennylane', device='default.qubit')
+        >>> backend = get_backend('qiskit', provider='IBMQ')
+
+    """
+    if isinstance(backend, BaseBackend):
+        return backend
+
+    if not isinstance(backend, str):
+        raise ValueError(f"Backend must be string or BaseBackend instance, got {type(backend)}")
+
+    # Resolve aliases
+    backend_name = BACKEND_ALIASES.get(backend.lower(), backend.lower())
+
+    # Auto-select backend if requested
+    if backend_name == 'auto':
+        backend_name = _auto_select_backend()
+
+    # Get backend class
+    if backend_name not in BACKEND_REGISTRY:
+        available = list(BACKEND_REGISTRY.keys())
+        raise ValueError(f"Backend '{backend_name}' not supported. Available: {available}")
+
+    backend_class = BACKEND_REGISTRY[backend_name]
+
+    try:
+        logger.info(f"Initializing {backend_name} backend")
+        return backend_class(**kwargs)
+    except ImportError as e:
+        logger.error(f"Failed to import {backend_name} backend: {e}")
+        raise ImportError(f"Backend '{backend_name}' requires additional dependencies: {e}")
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.error(f"Failed to initialize {backend_name} backend: {e}")
+        raise
+
+def _auto_select_backend() -> str:
+    """Automatically select the best available backend.
+    
+    Returns:
+        Backend name
+
+    """
+    # Try backends in order of preference
+    preference_order = ['pennylane', 'qiskit', 'cirq', 'braket', 'tket', 'simulator']
+
+    for backend_name in preference_order:
+        try:
+            backend_class = BACKEND_REGISTRY[backend_name]
+            # Try to instantiate with minimal config
+            test_backend = backend_class()
+            logger.info(f"Auto-selected backend: {backend_name}")
+            return backend_name
+        except (ImportError, Exception) as e:
+            logger.debug(f"Backend {backend_name} not available: {e}")
+            continue
+
+    # Fallback to simulator
+    logger.warning("No preferred backends available, falling back to simulator")
+    return 'simulator'
+
+def list_available_backends() -> Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]]:
+    """List all available backends and their status.
+    
+    Returns:
+        Dictionary with backend information
+
+    """
+    backend_info = {}
+
+    for name, backend_class in BACKEND_REGISTRY.items():
+        if name == 'auto' or backend_class is None:
+            continue
+
+        try:
+            # Try to instantiate to check availability
+            test_instance = backend_class()
+            backend_info[name] = {
+                'available': True,
+                'class': backend_class.__name__,
+                'description': getattr(backend_class, '__doc__', '').split('\n')[0] if backend_class.__doc__ else '',
+                'capabilities': getattr(test_instance, 'capabilities', {}),
+            }
+        except ImportError:
+            backend_info[name] = {
+                'available': False,
+                'class': backend_class.__name__,
+                'reason': 'Missing dependencies',
+            }
+        except Exception as e:
+            backend_info[name] = {
+                'available': False,
+                'class': backend_class.__name__,
+                'reason': str(e),
+            }
+
+    return backend_info
+
+def check_backend_compatibility(backend_name: str) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    """Check compatibility and requirements for a specific backend.
+    
+    Args:
+        backend_name: Name of the backend to check
+        
+    Returns:
+        Compatibility information
+
+    """
+    backend_name = BACKEND_ALIASES.get(backend_name.lower(), backend_name.lower())
+
+    if backend_name not in BACKEND_REGISTRY:
+        return {'compatible': False, 'reason': 'Backend not supported'}
+
+    backend_class = BACKEND_REGISTRY[backend_name]
+
+    try:
+        # Try basic instantiation
+        test_backend = backend_class()
+
+        return {
+            'compatible': True,
+            'backend_class': backend_class.__name__,
+            'requirements_met': True,
+            'capabilities': getattr(test_backend, 'capabilities', {}),
+            'version_info': getattr(test_backend, 'get_version_info', lambda: {})(),
+        }
+
+    except ImportError as e:
+        return {
+            'compatible': False,
+            'reason': 'Missing dependencies',
+            'missing_packages': str(e),
+            'requirements_met': False,
+        }
+    except Exception as e:
+        return {
+            'compatible': False,
+            'reason': str(e),
+            'requirements_met': False,
+        }
+
+# Make backend classes available at module level
+__all__ = [
+    'BaseBackend',
+    'SimulatorBackend',
+    'get_backend',
+    'list_available_backends',
+    'check_backend_compatibility',
+    'BACKEND_REGISTRY',
+    'BACKEND_ALIASES',
+]
+
+# Add available backends to __all__
+if PennyLaneBackend is not None:
+    __all__.append('PennyLaneBackend')
+if QiskitBackend is not None:
+    __all__.append('QiskitBackend')
+if CirqBackend is not None:
+    __all__.append('CirqBackend')
+if BraketBackend is not None:
+    __all__.append('BraketBackend')
+if TKETBackend is not None:
+    __all__.append('TKETBackend')
+if OceanBackend is not None:
+    __all__.append('OceanBackend')

superquantx/backends/base_backend.py

@@ -0,0 +1,321 @@
+"""Base backend interface for quantum computing platforms.
+
+This module defines the abstract interface that all quantum backends
+must implement to work with SuperQuantX algorithms.
+"""
+
+import logging
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Union
+
+import numpy as np
+
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+class BaseBackend(ABC):
+    """Abstract base class for quantum computing backends.
+    
+    This class defines the interface that all quantum backends must implement
+    to provide quantum circuit execution, measurement, and algorithm-specific
+    operations for SuperQuantX.
+    
+    Args:
+        device: Device or simulator to use
+        shots: Default number of measurement shots
+        **kwargs: Backend-specific configuration
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, device: Optional[str] = None, shots: int = 1024, **kwargs):
+        self.device = device
+        self.shots = shots
+        self.config = kwargs
+        self.capabilities = {}
+
+        self._initialize_backend()
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def _initialize_backend(self) -> None:
+        """Initialize backend-specific components."""
+        pass
+
+    # ========================================================================
+    # Core Circuit Operations
+    # ========================================================================
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def create_circuit(self, n_qubits: int) -> Any:
+        """Create a quantum circuit with n qubits."""
+        pass
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def add_gate(self, circuit: Any, gate: str, qubits: Union[int, List[int]],
+                 params: Optional[List[float]] = None) -> Any:
+        """Add a quantum gate to the circuit."""
+        pass
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def add_measurement(self, circuit: Any, qubits: Optional[List[int]] = None) -> Any:
+        """Add measurement operations to the circuit."""
+        pass
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def execute_circuit(self, circuit: Any, shots: Optional[int] = None) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """Execute quantum circuit and return results."""
+        pass
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def get_statevector(self, circuit: Any) -> np.ndarray:
+        """Get the statevector from a quantum circuit."""
+        pass
+
+    # ========================================================================
+    # Quantum Algorithm Support
+    # ========================================================================
+
+    def create_feature_map(self, n_features: int, feature_map: str, reps: int = 1) -> Any:
+        """Create quantum feature map for data encoding."""
+        logger.warning(f"Feature map '{feature_map}' not implemented in {self.__class__.__name__}")
+        return self.create_circuit(n_features)
+
+    def compute_kernel_matrix(self, X1: np.ndarray, X2: np.ndarray,
+                            feature_map: Any, shots: Optional[int] = None) -> np.ndarray:
+        """Compute quantum kernel matrix between data points."""
+        logger.warning(f"Kernel matrix computation not implemented in {self.__class__.__name__}")
+        # Fallback to RBF kernel
+        from sklearn.metrics.pairwise import rbf_kernel
+        return rbf_kernel(X1, X2)
+
+    def create_ansatz(self, ansatz_type: str, n_qubits: int, params: np.ndarray,
+                     include_custom_gates: bool = False) -> Any:
+        """Create parameterized ansatz circuit."""
+        logger.warning(f"Ansatz '{ansatz_type}' not implemented in {self.__class__.__name__}")
+        return self.create_circuit(n_qubits)
+
+    def compute_expectation(self, circuit: Any, hamiltonian: Any,
+                          shots: Optional[int] = None) -> float:
+        """Compute expectation value of Hamiltonian."""
+        logger.warning(f"Expectation computation not implemented in {self.__class__.__name__}")
+        return 0.0
+
+    def create_qaoa_circuit(self, n_qubits: int, gammas: np.ndarray, betas: np.ndarray,
+                          problem_hamiltonian: Any, mixer_hamiltonian: Any,
+                          initial_state: Any, problem_instance: Any) -> Any:
+        """Create QAOA circuit with given parameters."""
+        logger.warning(f"QAOA circuit not implemented in {self.__class__.__name__}")
+        return self.create_circuit(n_qubits)
+
+    def execute_qaoa(self, circuit: Any, problem_hamiltonian: Any, problem_instance: Any,
+                    shots: Optional[int] = None) -> float:
+        """Execute QAOA circuit and return expectation value."""
+        logger.warning(f"QAOA execution not implemented in {self.__class__.__name__}")
+        return 0.0
+
+    def sample_circuit(self, circuit: Any, shots: Optional[int] = None) -> np.ndarray:
+        """Sample bit strings from quantum circuit."""
+        result = self.execute_circuit(circuit, shots)
+        # Convert result to bit string array
+        return self._result_to_bitstrings(result)
+
+    # ========================================================================
+    # Data Encoding and Processing
+    # ========================================================================
+
+    def encode_data_point(self, data: np.ndarray, encoding: str, n_qubits: int) -> Any:
+        """Encode classical data into quantum state."""
+        circuit = self.create_circuit(n_qubits)
+
+        if encoding == 'amplitude':
+            return self._amplitude_encoding(circuit, data)
+        elif encoding == 'angle':
+            return self._angle_encoding(circuit, data)
+        elif encoding == 'basis':
+            return self._basis_encoding(circuit, data)
+        else:
+            logger.warning(f"Encoding '{encoding}' not implemented, using angle encoding")
+            return self._angle_encoding(circuit, data)
+
+    def _amplitude_encoding(self, circuit: Any, data: np.ndarray) -> Any:
+        """Amplitude encoding of data."""
+        # Normalize data
+        norm = np.linalg.norm(data)
+        if norm > 0:
+            normalized_data = data / norm
+        else:
+            normalized_data = data
+
+        # Simple implementation - would need proper state preparation
+        logger.warning("Amplitude encoding not fully implemented")
+        return circuit
+
+    def _angle_encoding(self, circuit: Any, data: np.ndarray) -> Any:
+        """Angle encoding of data into rotation gates."""
+        for i, value in enumerate(data):
+            if i < self._get_n_qubits(circuit):
+                self.add_gate(circuit, 'RY', i, [value])
+        return circuit
+
+    def _basis_encoding(self, circuit: Any, data: np.ndarray) -> Any:
+        """Basis encoding of data."""
+        # Convert to binary and encode
+        binary_data = np.unpackbits(data.astype(np.uint8))
+        for i, bit in enumerate(binary_data):
+            if i < self._get_n_qubits(circuit) and bit:
+                self.add_gate(circuit, 'X', i)
+        return circuit
+
+    # ========================================================================
+    # Machine Learning Specific Operations
+    # ========================================================================
+
+    def compute_quantum_distance(self, x1: np.ndarray, x2: np.ndarray, metric: str,
+                                encoding: str, n_qubits: int, shots: int) -> float:
+        """Compute quantum distance between two data points."""
+        # Encode both data points
+        circuit1 = self.encode_data_point(x1, encoding, n_qubits)
+        circuit2 = self.encode_data_point(x2, encoding, n_qubits)
+
+        # Simple distance approximation using overlap
+        # This is a placeholder - actual implementation would use swap test or similar
+        if metric == 'euclidean':
+            return np.linalg.norm(x1 - x2)
+        elif metric == 'manhattan':
+            return np.sum(np.abs(x1 - x2))
+        else:
+            return np.linalg.norm(x1 - x2)
+
+    def execute_qnn(self, input_data: np.ndarray, weights: np.ndarray,
+                   quantum_layers: List[Dict], classical_layers: List[Dict],
+                   encoding: str, measurement: str, shots: int) -> np.ndarray:
+        """Execute quantum neural network."""
+        batch_size = input_data.shape[0]
+        n_qubits = len(weights) // len(quantum_layers) if quantum_layers else 1
+
+        # Get expected output size from classical layers
+        expected_output_size = None
+        if classical_layers:
+            for layer in classical_layers:
+                if 'units' in layer:
+                    expected_output_size = layer['units']
+                    break
+
+
+        outputs = []
+        for sample in input_data:
+            # Create circuit
+            circuit = self.create_circuit(n_qubits)
+
+            # Encode input data
+            circuit = self.encode_data_point(sample, encoding, n_qubits)
+
+            # Add variational layers
+            param_idx = 0
+            for layer in quantum_layers:
+                layer_params = weights[param_idx:param_idx + n_qubits * 2]
+                circuit = self._add_variational_layer(circuit, layer_params)
+                param_idx += n_qubits * 2
+
+            # Measure
+            if measurement == 'expectation':
+                # Compute expectation values
+                result = self._compute_pauli_expectation(circuit, ['Z'] * n_qubits)
+            else:
+                # Sample and get probabilities
+                result = self.execute_circuit(circuit, shots)
+                result = self._result_to_probabilities(result)
+
+            # Apply classical layers if present
+            original_length = len(result)
+            if classical_layers and expected_output_size:
+                # Simple linear transformation to get desired output size
+                if len(result) != expected_output_size:
+                    # Reshape/transform the quantum output to match expected size
+                    if len(result) > expected_output_size:
+                        # Take first n elements or average
+                        result = result[:expected_output_size]
+                    else:
+                        # Pad with zeros or repeat
+                        result = np.pad(result, (0, expected_output_size - len(result)), mode='constant')
+
+            outputs.append(result)
+
+        return np.array(outputs)
+
+    def _add_variational_layer(self, circuit: Any, params: np.ndarray) -> Any:
+        """Add a variational layer to circuit."""
+        n_qubits = self._get_n_qubits(circuit)
+
+        # RY rotations
+        for i in range(n_qubits):
+            if i < len(params) // 2:
+                self.add_gate(circuit, 'RY', i, [params[i]])
+
+        # Entangling gates
+        for i in range(n_qubits - 1):
+            self.add_gate(circuit, 'CNOT', [i, i + 1])
+
+        # RZ rotations
+        for i in range(n_qubits):
+            if i + n_qubits < len(params):
+                self.add_gate(circuit, 'RZ', i, [params[i + n_qubits]])
+
+        return circuit
+
+    # ========================================================================
+    # Utility Methods
+    # ========================================================================
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def _get_n_qubits(self, circuit: Any) -> int:
+        """Get number of qubits in circuit."""
+        pass
+
+    def _result_to_bitstrings(self, result: Dict[str, Any]) -> np.ndarray:
+        """Convert execution result to bit string array."""
+        # This is backend-specific and should be overridden
+        if 'counts' in result:
+            counts = result['counts']
+            bitstrings = []
+            for bitstring, count in counts.items():
+                for _ in range(count):
+                    bitstrings.append([int(b) for b in bitstring])
+            return np.array(bitstrings)
+        else:
+            return np.array([[0, 1]])  # Placeholder
+
+    def _result_to_probabilities(self, result: Dict[str, Any]) -> np.ndarray:
+        """Convert execution result to probability array."""
+        if 'counts' in result:
+            counts = result['counts']
+            total_shots = sum(counts.values())
+            probs = []
+            for bitstring in sorted(counts.keys()):
+                probs.append(counts[bitstring] / total_shots)
+            return np.array(probs)
+        else:
+            return np.array([0.5, 0.5])  # Placeholder
+
+    def _compute_pauli_expectation(self, circuit: Any, pauli_strings: List[str]) -> np.ndarray:
+        """Compute expectation values of Pauli strings."""
+        # Placeholder implementation
+        return np.random.random(len(pauli_strings)) * 2 - 1
+
+    def get_version_info(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """Get backend version information."""
+        return {
+            'backend_name': self.__class__.__name__,
+            'device': self.device,
+            'capabilities': self.capabilities,
+        }
+
+    def get_device_info(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """Get information about the quantum device."""
+        return {
+            'device': self.device,
+            'n_qubits': getattr(self, 'n_qubits', 'Unknown'),
+            'topology': getattr(self, 'topology', 'Unknown'),
+        }
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}(device='{self.device}', shots={self.shots})"