superquantx 0.1.0__py3-none-any.whl

superquantx/backends/ocean_backend.py

@@ -0,0 +1,491 @@
+"""D-Wave Ocean backend implementation for SuperQuantX.
+
+This module provides integration with D-Wave Ocean SDK for quantum annealing
+and optimization problems using D-Wave quantum annealing processors.
+
+Note: This backend focuses on QUBO/Ising model problems rather than 
+gate-model quantum circuits.
+"""
+
+import logging
+from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, Union
+
+import numpy as np
+
+from .base_backend import BaseBackend
+
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+# Try to import D-Wave Ocean
+try:
+    import dimod
+    import networkx as nx
+    from dwave.embedding import embed_ising, unembed_sampleset
+    from dwave.samplers import SimulatedAnnealingSampler
+    from dwave.system import DWaveSampler, EmbeddingComposite, LeapHybridSampler
+    OCEAN_AVAILABLE = True
+except ImportError:
+    OCEAN_AVAILABLE = False
+    dimod = None
+    DWaveSampler = None
+    LeapHybridSampler = None
+    SimulatedAnnealingSampler = None
+    nx = None
+
+class OceanBackend(BaseBackend):
+    """D-Wave Ocean backend for quantum annealing operations.
+    
+    This backend provides access to D-Wave's quantum annealing systems
+    for solving optimization problems formulated as QUBO or Ising models.
+    
+    Note: Unlike gate-model quantum computers, D-Wave systems solve optimization
+    problems rather than running quantum circuits.
+    
+    Args:
+        device: Sampler type ('DWave', 'hybrid', 'simulator', 'advantage')
+        solver: Specific solver name (optional)
+        token: D-Wave API token (required for hardware)
+        endpoint: D-Wave API endpoint
+        shots: Number of samples (reads)
+        **kwargs: Additional sampler configuration
+        
+    Example:
+        >>> # Simulated annealing (no hardware required)
+        >>> backend = OceanBackend(device='simulator')
+        >>> 
+        >>> # D-Wave hardware (requires API token)
+        >>> backend = OceanBackend(
+        ...     device='advantage',
+        ...     token='your-dwave-token'
+        ... )
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        device: str = 'simulator',
+        solver: Optional[str] = None,
+        token: Optional[str] = None,
+        endpoint: Optional[str] = None,
+        shots: int = 1000,  # Called "num_reads" in D-Wave
+        **kwargs
+    ) -> None:
+        if not OCEAN_AVAILABLE:
+            raise ImportError(
+                "D-Wave Ocean not available. Install with: pip install dwave-ocean-sdk"
+            )
+
+        self.device_name = device
+        self.solver_name = solver
+        self.token = token
+        self.endpoint = endpoint
+        self.num_reads = shots
+        self._sampler = None
+        self._is_quantum_annealing = True  # This backend is for annealing, not gates
+
+        super().__init__(device=device, shots=shots, **kwargs)
+
+    def _initialize_backend(self) -> None:
+        """Initialize D-Wave Ocean backend and sampler."""
+        try:
+            if self.device_name == 'simulator':
+                # Simulated annealing sampler (classical simulation)
+                self._sampler = SimulatedAnnealingSampler()
+                logger.info("Initialized D-Wave simulated annealing sampler")
+
+            elif self.device_name in ['dwave', 'advantage', 'advantage2']:
+                # D-Wave quantum annealer
+                if not self.token:
+                    logger.warning("No D-Wave token provided, attempting to use environment/config")
+
+                # Create base sampler
+                base_sampler = DWaveSampler(
+                    solver=self.solver_name,
+                    token=self.token,
+                    endpoint=self.endpoint
+                )
+
+                # Wrap with embedding for automatic minor-embedding
+                self._sampler = EmbeddingComposite(base_sampler)
+                logger.info(f"Initialized D-Wave hardware sampler: {base_sampler.solver.name}")
+
+            elif self.device_name == 'hybrid':
+                # D-Wave Leap Hybrid solver
+                self._sampler = LeapHybridSampler(
+                    token=self.token,
+                    endpoint=self.endpoint
+                )
+                logger.info("Initialized D-Wave Leap Hybrid sampler")
+
+            else:
+                raise ValueError(f"Unknown D-Wave device: {self.device_name}")
+
+            self.capabilities = {
+                'supports_measurements': False,  # Not applicable for annealing
+                'supports_parameterized_circuits': False,  # Not applicable
+                'supports_classical_control': False,
+                'supports_optimization': True,  # Main capability
+                'supports_qubo': True,
+                'supports_ising': True,
+                'max_variables': self._get_max_variables(),
+                'annealing_backend': True,
+            }
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"Failed to initialize D-Wave Ocean backend: {e}")
+            raise
+
+    def _get_max_variables(self) -> int:
+        """Get maximum number of variables for the sampler."""
+        if hasattr(self._sampler, 'properties'):
+            try:
+                return len(self._sampler.properties['qubits'])
+            except:
+                pass
+
+        # Default estimates
+        if self.device_name == 'simulator':
+            return 10000  # Simulated annealer can handle large problems
+        elif self.device_name in ['advantage', 'advantage2']:
+            return 5000  # Advantage systems have ~5000 qubits
+        else:
+            return 2000  # Conservative estimate
+
+    # ========================================================================
+    # Optimization Problem Interface (replaces circuit operations)
+    # ========================================================================
+
+    def solve_qubo(self, Q: Dict[Tuple[int, int], float], **kwargs) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """Solve a Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) problem.
+        
+        Args:
+            Q: QUBO dictionary where keys are (i, j) variable pairs and values are coefficients
+            **kwargs: Additional solving parameters
+            
+        Returns:
+            Solution results with energies and samples
+
+        """
+        try:
+            num_reads = kwargs.get('num_reads', self.num_reads)
+
+            # Create BQM from QUBO
+            bqm = dimod.BinaryQuadraticModel.from_qubo(Q)
+
+            # Sample from the BQM
+            sampleset = self._sampler.sample(bqm, num_reads=num_reads, **kwargs)
+
+            # Convert results to standard format
+            results = {
+                'samples': [],
+                'energies': [],
+                'num_occurrences': [],
+                'success': True,
+                'num_reads': len(sampleset),
+                'timing': getattr(sampleset, 'info', {}).get('timing', {}),
+                'problem_type': 'QUBO'
+            }
+
+            for sample, energy, num_occur in sampleset.data(['sample', 'energy', 'num_occurrences']):
+                results['samples'].append(dict(sample))
+                results['energies'].append(energy)
+                results['num_occurrences'].append(num_occur)
+
+            return results
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"QUBO solving failed: {e}")
+            return {
+                'samples': [],
+                'energies': [],
+                'success': False,
+                'error': str(e),
+                'problem_type': 'QUBO'
+            }
+
+    def solve_ising(self, h: Dict[int, float], J: Dict[Tuple[int, int], float], **kwargs) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """Solve an Ising model problem.
+        
+        Args:
+            h: Linear coefficients (bias terms) for each variable
+            J: Quadratic coefficients (coupling terms) between variables
+            **kwargs: Additional solving parameters
+            
+        Returns:
+            Solution results with energies and samples
+
+        """
+        try:
+            num_reads = kwargs.get('num_reads', self.num_reads)
+
+            # Create BQM from Ising model
+            bqm = dimod.BinaryQuadraticModel.from_ising(h, J)
+
+            # Sample from the BQM
+            sampleset = self._sampler.sample(bqm, num_reads=num_reads, **kwargs)
+
+            # Convert results to standard format
+            results = {
+                'samples': [],
+                'energies': [],
+                'num_occurrences': [],
+                'success': True,
+                'num_reads': len(sampleset),
+                'timing': getattr(sampleset, 'info', {}).get('timing', {}),
+                'problem_type': 'Ising'
+            }
+
+            for sample, energy, num_occur in sampleset.data(['sample', 'energy', 'num_occurrences']):
+                results['samples'].append(dict(sample))
+                results['energies'].append(energy)
+                results['num_occurrences'].append(num_occur)
+
+            return results
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"Ising model solving failed: {e}")
+            return {
+                'samples': [],
+                'energies': [],
+                'success': False,
+                'error': str(e),
+                'problem_type': 'Ising'
+            }
+
+    def solve_optimization_problem(self, problem: Union[Dict, Any], problem_type: str = 'auto') -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """Generic optimization problem solver.
+        
+        Args:
+            problem: Problem specification (QUBO dict, Ising model, or BQM)
+            problem_type: Type of problem ('qubo', 'ising', 'bqm', 'auto')
+            
+        Returns:
+            Solution results
+
+        """
+        try:
+            if problem_type == 'auto':
+                # Try to detect problem type
+                if isinstance(problem, dict) and all(len(k) == 2 for k in problem.keys()):
+                    problem_type = 'qubo'
+                elif hasattr(problem, 'linear') and hasattr(problem, 'quadratic'):
+                    problem_type = 'bqm'
+                else:
+                    raise ValueError("Cannot auto-detect problem type")
+
+            if problem_type == 'qubo':
+                return self.solve_qubo(problem)
+            elif problem_type == 'ising':
+                h, J = problem  # Expecting tuple (h, J)
+                return self.solve_ising(h, J)
+            elif problem_type == 'bqm':
+                # Direct BQM solving
+                sampleset = self._sampler.sample(problem, num_reads=self.num_reads)
+                return self._convert_sampleset(sampleset, problem_type)
+            else:
+                raise ValueError(f"Unknown problem type: {problem_type}")
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"Optimization problem solving failed: {e}")
+            return {
+                'samples': [],
+                'energies': [],
+                'success': False,
+                'error': str(e),
+                'problem_type': problem_type
+            }
+
+    def _convert_sampleset(self, sampleset, problem_type: str) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """Convert D-Wave sampleset to standard format."""
+        results = {
+            'samples': [],
+            'energies': [],
+            'num_occurrences': [],
+            'success': True,
+            'num_reads': len(sampleset),
+            'timing': getattr(sampleset, 'info', {}).get('timing', {}),
+            'problem_type': problem_type
+        }
+
+        for sample, energy, num_occur in sampleset.data(['sample', 'energy', 'num_occurrences']):
+            results['samples'].append(dict(sample))
+            results['energies'].append(energy)
+            results['num_occurrences'].append(num_occur)
+
+        return results
+
+    # ========================================================================
+    # Gate Model Compatibility (Limited Support)
+    # ========================================================================
+
+    def create_circuit(self, n_qubits: int) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """Limited circuit support for compatibility.
+        
+        Note: D-Wave is not a gate-model quantum computer.
+        This returns a placeholder for optimization problems.
+        """
+        logger.warning("D-Wave Ocean backend does not support gate-model circuits")
+        return {
+            'type': 'optimization_placeholder',
+            'n_variables': n_qubits,
+            'backend': 'ocean',
+            'problem': None
+        }
+
+    def add_gate(self, circuit: Dict, gate: str, qubits: Union[int, List[int]],
+                 params: Optional[List[float]] = None) -> Dict:
+        """Limited gate support - not applicable for annealing."""
+        logger.warning("Gate operations not supported on D-Wave annealing backend")
+        return circuit
+
+    def add_measurement(self, circuit: Dict, qubits: Union[int, List[int]]) -> Dict:
+        """Limited measurement support - not applicable for annealing."""
+        logger.warning("Measurements not applicable for D-Wave annealing backend")
+        return circuit
+
+    def execute_circuit(self, circuit: Dict, shots: Optional[int] = None) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """Limited circuit execution - redirects to optimization solving."""
+        logger.warning("Circuit execution not supported - use solve_qubo() or solve_ising() instead")
+        return {
+            'counts': {},
+            'shots': shots or self.shots,
+            'success': False,
+            'error': 'Use optimization problem methods instead of circuit execution',
+            'backend': 'ocean'
+        }
+
+    # ========================================================================
+    # Backend Information
+    # ========================================================================
+
+    def get_backend_info(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """Get information about the D-Wave Ocean backend."""
+        info = {
+            'backend_name': 'ocean',
+            'device': self.device_name,
+            'provider': 'D-Wave Systems',
+            'num_reads': self.num_reads,
+            'capabilities': self.capabilities,
+            'quantum_annealing': True,
+            'gate_model': False,
+        }
+
+        if self._sampler and hasattr(self._sampler, 'properties'):
+            try:
+                props = self._sampler.properties
+                info.update({
+                    'solver_name': getattr(self._sampler, 'solver', {}).get('name', 'unknown'),
+                    'num_qubits': len(props.get('qubits', [])),
+                    'connectivity': 'Chimera/Pegasus/Zephyr',  # D-Wave topologies
+                })
+            except:
+                pass
+
+        return info
+
+    def get_version_info(self) -> Dict[str, str]:
+        """Get version information for Ocean dependencies."""
+        version_info = {'backend_version': '1.0.0'}
+
+        try:
+            version_info['dimod'] = dimod.__version__
+        except:
+            pass
+
+        try:
+            import dwave.system
+            version_info['dwave_system'] = dwave.system.__version__
+        except:
+            pass
+
+        try:
+            import dwave.samplers
+            version_info['dwave_samplers'] = dwave.samplers.__version__
+        except:
+            pass
+
+        return version_info
+
+    def is_available(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if the backend is available and properly configured."""
+        return OCEAN_AVAILABLE and self._sampler is not None
+
+    def get_circuit_info(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """Get circuit capabilities (limited for annealing backend)."""
+        return {
+            'max_qubits': 0,  # Not applicable
+            'max_variables': self._get_max_variables(),
+            'native_gates': [],  # Not applicable
+            'supports_mid_circuit_measurement': False,
+            'supports_reset': False,
+            'supports_conditional': False,
+            'supports_optimization': True,
+            'quantum_annealing': True,
+        }
+
+    def _get_n_qubits(self, circuit: Dict) -> int:
+        """Get number of qubits/variables (not applicable for annealing)."""
+        if isinstance(circuit, dict):
+            return circuit.get('n_variables', 0)
+        return 0
+
+    def get_statevector(self, circuit: Dict) -> np.ndarray:
+        """Get statevector (not applicable for annealing backend)."""
+        logger.warning("Statevector not applicable for quantum annealing backend")
+        return np.array([1.0 + 0j])  # Dummy statevector
+
+    # ========================================================================
+    # Convenience Methods for Common Optimization Problems
+    # ========================================================================
+
+    def solve_max_cut(self, graph: Union[Any, List[Tuple]], **kwargs) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """Solve Maximum Cut problem on a graph."""
+        try:
+            if not nx:
+                raise ImportError("NetworkX not available for graph operations")
+
+            if isinstance(graph, list):
+                # Convert edge list to networkx graph
+                G = nx.Graph()
+                G.add_edges_from(graph)
+            else:
+                G = graph
+
+            # Convert to QUBO formulation
+            Q = {}
+            for i, j in G.edges():
+                Q[(i, i)] = Q.get((i, i), 0) + 1
+                Q[(j, j)] = Q.get((j, j), 0) + 1
+                Q[(i, j)] = Q.get((i, j), 0) - 2
+
+            return self.solve_qubo(Q, **kwargs)
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"Max Cut solving failed: {e}")
+            return {'success': False, 'error': str(e)}
+
+    def solve_tsp(self, distance_matrix: np.ndarray, **kwargs) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """Solve Traveling Salesman Problem (simplified formulation)."""
+        try:
+            n_cities = len(distance_matrix)
+
+            # This is a simplified TSP formulation
+            # Full TSP requires more complex constraints
+            logger.warning("TSP formulation is simplified - may not give valid tours")
+
+            Q = {}
+            # Add distance costs
+            for i in range(n_cities):
+                for j in range(i+1, n_cities):
+                    for t in range(n_cities):
+                        # Variable x_it means city i is visited at time t
+                        var_i = i * n_cities + t
+                        var_j = j * n_cities + ((t + 1) % n_cities)
+                        Q[(var_i, var_j)] = distance_matrix[i, j]
+
+            return self.solve_qubo(Q, **kwargs)
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"TSP solving failed: {e}")
+            return {'success': False, 'error': str(e)}