superquantx 0.1.0__py3-none-any.whl

superquantx/backends/cirq_backend.py

@@ -0,0 +1,466 @@
+"""Cirq backend implementation for SuperQuantX.
+
+This module provides integration with Google's Cirq for quantum computing
+operations and access to Google Quantum AI hardware.
+"""
+
+import logging
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, Union
+
+import numpy as np
+
+from .base_backend import BaseBackend
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import cirq
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+# Try to import Cirq
+try:
+    import cirq
+    CIRQ_AVAILABLE = True
+except ImportError:
+    CIRQ_AVAILABLE = False
+    cirq = None
+
+class CirqBackend(BaseBackend):
+    """Cirq backend for quantum computing operations.
+    
+    This backend provides access to Cirq simulators and Google Quantum AI
+    hardware for quantum algorithm execution.
+    
+    Args:
+        device: Cirq device name ('simulator', 'sycamore', etc.)
+        processor_id: Google Quantum AI processor ID
+        shots: Number of measurement shots
+        **kwargs: Additional backend parameters
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, device: str = 'simulator', processor_id: Optional[str] = None,
+                 shots: int = 1024, **kwargs):
+        if not CIRQ_AVAILABLE:
+            raise ImportError("Cirq is required for CirqBackend. Install with: pip install cirq")
+
+        super().__init__(device=device, shots=shots, **kwargs)
+
+        self.processor_id = processor_id
+        self.simulator = None
+        self.quantum_engine = None
+        self.capabilities = {
+            'supports_gradient': False,
+            'supports_parameter_shift': True,
+            'supports_finite_diff': True,
+            'supports_hardware': processor_id is not None,
+            'supports_noise_models': True,
+        }
+
+    def _initialize_backend(self) -> None:
+        """Initialize Cirq backend."""
+        try:
+            if self.device == 'simulator':
+                self.simulator = cirq.Simulator()
+                logger.info("Initialized Cirq Simulator")
+
+            elif self.processor_id:
+                try:
+                    import cirq_google
+                    # Initialize Google Quantum Engine
+                    self.quantum_engine = cirq_google.get_engine()
+                    logger.info(f"Initialized Google Quantum Engine with processor {self.processor_id}")
+                except ImportError:
+                    logger.error("cirq-google required for hardware access")
+                    self.simulator = cirq.Simulator()
+                    logger.warning("Falling back to simulator")
+
+            else:
+                self.simulator = cirq.Simulator()
+                logger.info("Initialized default Cirq Simulator")
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"Failed to initialize Cirq backend: {e}")
+            self.simulator = cirq.Simulator()
+            logger.warning("Falling back to default simulator")
+
+    def create_circuit(self, n_qubits: int) -> Any:
+        """Create a quantum circuit with n qubits."""
+        qubits = [cirq.LineQubit(i) for i in range(n_qubits)]
+        circuit = cirq.Circuit()
+        return circuit, qubits  # Return both circuit and qubits for convenience
+
+    def add_gate(self, circuit_info: Tuple[Any, List], gate: str,
+                 qubits: Union[int, List[int]], params: Optional[List[float]] = None) -> Tuple[Any, List]:
+        """Add a quantum gate to the circuit."""
+        circuit, qubit_list = circuit_info
+
+        if isinstance(qubits, int):
+            qubits = [qubits]
+
+        params = params or []
+
+        try:
+            if gate.upper() == 'H' or gate.upper() == 'HADAMARD':
+                circuit.append(cirq.H(qubit_list[qubits[0]]))
+            elif gate.upper() == 'X' or gate.upper() == 'PAULI_X':
+                circuit.append(cirq.X(qubit_list[qubits[0]]))
+            elif gate.upper() == 'Y' or gate.upper() == 'PAULI_Y':
+                circuit.append(cirq.Y(qubit_list[qubits[0]]))
+            elif gate.upper() == 'Z' or gate.upper() == 'PAULI_Z':
+                circuit.append(cirq.Z(qubit_list[qubits[0]]))
+            elif gate.upper() == 'RX':
+                circuit.append(cirq.rx(params[0] if params else 0)(qubit_list[qubits[0]]))
+            elif gate.upper() == 'RY':
+                circuit.append(cirq.ry(params[0] if params else 0)(qubit_list[qubits[0]]))
+            elif gate.upper() == 'RZ':
+                circuit.append(cirq.rz(params[0] if params else 0)(qubit_list[qubits[0]]))
+            elif gate.upper() == 'CNOT' or gate.upper() == 'CX':
+                circuit.append(cirq.CNOT(qubit_list[qubits[0]], qubit_list[qubits[1]]))
+            elif gate.upper() == 'CZ':
+                circuit.append(cirq.CZ(qubit_list[qubits[0]], qubit_list[qubits[1]]))
+            elif gate.upper() == 'SWAP':
+                circuit.append(cirq.SWAP(qubit_list[qubits[0]], qubit_list[qubits[1]]))
+            elif gate.upper() == 'CCX' or gate.upper() == 'TOFFOLI':
+                circuit.append(cirq.CCX(qubit_list[qubits[0]], qubit_list[qubits[1]], qubit_list[qubits[2]]))
+            else:
+                logger.warning(f"Unknown gate: {gate}")
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"Failed to add gate {gate}: {e}")
+
+        return circuit, qubit_list
+
+    def add_measurement(self, circuit_info: Tuple[Any, List],
+                       qubits: Optional[List[int]] = None) -> Tuple[Any, List]:
+        """Add measurement operations to the circuit."""
+        circuit, qubit_list = circuit_info
+
+        if qubits is None:
+            qubits = list(range(len(qubit_list)))
+
+        measurement_qubits = [qubit_list[i] for i in qubits]
+        circuit.append(cirq.measure(*measurement_qubits, key='result'))
+
+        return circuit, qubit_list
+
+    def execute_circuit(self, circuit_info: Union[Any, Tuple], shots: Optional[int] = None) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """Execute quantum circuit and return results."""
+        if isinstance(circuit_info, tuple):
+            circuit, qubit_list = circuit_info
+        else:
+            circuit = circuit_info
+            qubit_list = sorted(circuit.all_qubits())
+
+        shots = shots or self.shots
+
+        try:
+            if self.simulator:
+                # Run on simulator
+                result = self.simulator.run(circuit, repetitions=shots)
+
+                # Convert to counts format
+                if 'result' in result.measurements:
+                    measurements = result.measurements['result']
+                    counts = {}
+                    for measurement in measurements:
+                        bitstring = ''.join(str(bit) for bit in measurement)
+                        counts[bitstring] = counts.get(bitstring, 0) + 1
+                else:
+                    counts = {'0' * len(qubit_list): shots}
+
+                return {
+                    'counts': counts,
+                    'shots': shots,
+                    'backend': 'cirq_simulator',
+                }
+
+            elif self.quantum_engine and self.processor_id:
+                # Run on Google Quantum AI hardware
+                processor = self.quantum_engine.get_processor(self.processor_id)
+                job = processor.run(circuit, repetitions=shots)
+                result = job.results()[0]
+
+                # Convert to counts format
+                measurements = result.measurements['result']
+                counts = {}
+                for measurement in measurements:
+                    bitstring = ''.join(str(bit) for bit in measurement)
+                    counts[bitstring] = counts.get(bitstring, 0) + 1
+
+                return {
+                    'counts': counts,
+                    'shots': shots,
+                    'backend': f'google_quantum_{self.processor_id}',
+                    'job_id': job.id(),
+                }
+
+            else:
+                raise ValueError("No execution backend available")
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"Circuit execution failed: {e}")
+            raise
+
+    def get_statevector(self, circuit_info: Union[Any, Tuple]) -> np.ndarray:
+        """Get the statevector from a quantum circuit."""
+        if isinstance(circuit_info, tuple):
+            circuit, qubit_list = circuit_info
+        else:
+            circuit = circuit_info
+            qubit_list = sorted(circuit.all_qubits())
+
+        try:
+            # Remove measurements for statevector simulation
+            circuit_copy = circuit.copy()
+            circuit_copy = cirq.Circuit([op for op in circuit_copy.all_operations()
+                                       if not isinstance(op.gate, cirq.MeasurementGate)])
+
+            # Simulate
+            result = self.simulator.simulate(circuit_copy)
+            statevector = result.final_state_vector
+
+            return np.array(statevector)
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"Statevector computation failed: {e}")
+            n_qubits = len(qubit_list)
+            return np.array([1.0] + [0.0] * (2**n_qubits - 1))
+
+    def _get_n_qubits(self, circuit_info: Union[Any, Tuple]) -> int:
+        """Get number of qubits in circuit."""
+        if isinstance(circuit_info, tuple):
+            circuit, qubit_list = circuit_info
+            return len(qubit_list)
+        else:
+            return len(circuit_info.all_qubits())
+
+    # ========================================================================
+    # Enhanced Cirq-specific implementations
+    # ========================================================================
+
+    def create_feature_map(self, n_features: int, feature_map: str, reps: int = 1) -> Tuple[Any, List]:
+        """Create quantum feature map for data encoding."""
+        qubits = [cirq.LineQubit(i) for i in range(n_features)]
+        circuit = cirq.Circuit()
+
+        if feature_map == 'ZZFeatureMap':
+            circuit_info = self._create_zz_feature_map(n_features, reps)
+        elif feature_map == 'PauliFeatureMap':
+            circuit_info = self._create_pauli_feature_map(n_features, reps)
+        elif feature_map == 'AmplitudeMap':
+            circuit_info = self._create_amplitude_map(n_features)
+        else:
+            logger.warning(f"Unknown feature map '{feature_map}', using angle encoding")
+            circuit_info = self._create_angle_encoding_map(n_features)
+
+        return circuit_info
+
+    def _create_zz_feature_map(self, n_features: int, reps: int) -> Tuple[Any, List]:
+        """Create ZZ feature map circuit."""
+        qubits = [cirq.LineQubit(i) for i in range(n_features)]
+        circuit = cirq.Circuit()
+
+        for r in range(reps):
+            # Hadamard layer
+            circuit.append([cirq.H(q) for q in qubits])
+
+            # Parameterized rotations (placeholders)
+            for i, q in enumerate(qubits):
+                circuit.append(cirq.rz(cirq.Symbol(f'x_{i}'))(q))
+
+            # ZZ interactions
+            for i in range(n_features - 1):
+                circuit.append(cirq.CNOT(qubits[i], qubits[i + 1]))
+                circuit.append(cirq.rz(cirq.Symbol(f'x_{i}_x_{i+1}'))(qubits[i + 1]))
+                circuit.append(cirq.CNOT(qubits[i], qubits[i + 1]))
+
+        return circuit, qubits
+
+    def _create_pauli_feature_map(self, n_features: int, reps: int) -> Tuple[Any, List]:
+        """Create Pauli feature map circuit."""
+        qubits = [cirq.LineQubit(i) for i in range(n_features)]
+        circuit = cirq.Circuit()
+
+        for r in range(reps):
+            # Pauli rotations
+            for i, q in enumerate(qubits):
+                circuit.append(cirq.rx(cirq.Symbol(f'x_{i}_rx_{r}'))(q))
+                circuit.append(cirq.ry(cirq.Symbol(f'x_{i}_ry_{r}'))(q))
+                circuit.append(cirq.rz(cirq.Symbol(f'x_{i}_rz_{r}'))(q))
+
+            # Entangling layer
+            for i in range(n_features - 1):
+                circuit.append(cirq.CNOT(qubits[i], qubits[i + 1]))
+
+        return circuit, qubits
+
+    def _create_amplitude_map(self, n_features: int) -> Tuple[Any, List]:
+        """Create amplitude encoding map."""
+        n_qubits = int(np.ceil(np.log2(n_features)))
+        qubits = [cirq.LineQubit(i) for i in range(n_qubits)]
+        circuit = cirq.Circuit()
+
+        # Amplitude encoding would require state preparation
+        # This is a simplified placeholder
+        logger.warning("Amplitude encoding not fully implemented")
+
+        return circuit, qubits
+
+    def _create_angle_encoding_map(self, n_features: int) -> Tuple[Any, List]:
+        """Create angle encoding map."""
+        qubits = [cirq.LineQubit(i) for i in range(n_features)]
+        circuit = cirq.Circuit()
+
+        for i, q in enumerate(qubits):
+            circuit.append(cirq.ry(cirq.Symbol(f'x_{i}'))(q))
+
+        return circuit, qubits
+
+    def create_ansatz(self, ansatz_type: str, n_qubits: int, params: np.ndarray,
+                     include_custom_gates: bool = False) -> Tuple[Any, List]:
+        """Create parameterized ansatz circuit."""
+        if ansatz_type == 'RealAmplitudes':
+            return self._create_real_amplitudes_ansatz(n_qubits, params)
+        elif ansatz_type == 'EfficientSU2':
+            return self._create_efficient_su2_ansatz(n_qubits, params)
+        elif ansatz_type == 'TwoLocal':
+            return self._create_two_local_ansatz(n_qubits, params)
+        elif ansatz_type == 'UCCSD':
+            return self._create_uccsd_ansatz(n_qubits, params)
+        else:
+            logger.warning(f"Unknown ansatz '{ansatz_type}', using RealAmplitudes")
+            return self._create_real_amplitudes_ansatz(n_qubits, params)
+
+    def _create_real_amplitudes_ansatz(self, n_qubits: int, params: np.ndarray) -> Tuple[Any, List]:
+        """Create RealAmplitudes ansatz."""
+        qubits = [cirq.LineQubit(i) for i in range(n_qubits)]
+        circuit = cirq.Circuit()
+
+        n_layers = len(params) // (n_qubits * 2)
+        param_idx = 0
+
+        for layer in range(n_layers):
+            # RY rotations
+            for i, q in enumerate(qubits):
+                if param_idx < len(params):
+                    circuit.append(cirq.ry(params[param_idx])(q))
+                    param_idx += 1
+
+            # Entangling layer
+            for i in range(n_qubits - 1):
+                circuit.append(cirq.CNOT(qubits[i], qubits[i + 1]))
+
+            # RZ rotations
+            for i, q in enumerate(qubits):
+                if param_idx < len(params):
+                    circuit.append(cirq.rz(params[param_idx])(q))
+                    param_idx += 1
+
+        return circuit, qubits
+
+    def _create_efficient_su2_ansatz(self, n_qubits: int, params: np.ndarray) -> Tuple[Any, List]:
+        """Create EfficientSU2 ansatz."""
+        qubits = [cirq.LineQubit(i) for i in range(n_qubits)]
+        circuit = cirq.Circuit()
+
+        n_layers = len(params) // (n_qubits * 3)
+        param_idx = 0
+
+        for layer in range(n_layers):
+            # SU(2) rotations
+            for i, q in enumerate(qubits):
+                if param_idx + 2 < len(params):
+                    circuit.append(cirq.ry(params[param_idx])(q))
+                    circuit.append(cirq.rz(params[param_idx + 1])(q))
+                    circuit.append(cirq.ry(params[param_idx + 2])(q))
+                    param_idx += 3
+
+            # Entangling layer
+            for i in range(n_qubits - 1):
+                circuit.append(cirq.CNOT(qubits[i], qubits[i + 1]))
+
+        return circuit, qubits
+
+    def _create_two_local_ansatz(self, n_qubits: int, params: np.ndarray) -> Tuple[Any, List]:
+        """Create TwoLocal ansatz."""
+        qubits = [cirq.LineQubit(i) for i in range(n_qubits)]
+        circuit = cirq.Circuit()
+
+        n_layers = len(params) // (n_qubits * 2)
+        param_idx = 0
+
+        for layer in range(n_layers):
+            # Local rotations
+            for i, q in enumerate(qubits):
+                if param_idx + 1 < len(params):
+                    circuit.append(cirq.ry(params[param_idx])(q))
+                    circuit.append(cirq.rz(params[param_idx + 1])(q))
+                    param_idx += 2
+
+            # Two-qubit gates
+            for i in range(0, n_qubits - 1, 2):
+                circuit.append(cirq.CNOT(qubits[i], qubits[i + 1]))
+            for i in range(1, n_qubits - 1, 2):
+                circuit.append(cirq.CNOT(qubits[i], qubits[i + 1]))
+
+        return circuit, qubits
+
+    def _create_uccsd_ansatz(self, n_qubits: int, params: np.ndarray) -> Tuple[Any, List]:
+        """Create UCCSD ansatz (simplified)."""
+        qubits = [cirq.LineQubit(i) for i in range(n_qubits)]
+        circuit = cirq.Circuit()
+
+        param_idx = 0
+
+        # Single excitations
+        for i in range(0, n_qubits, 2):
+            for j in range(1, n_qubits, 2):
+                if param_idx < len(params) and i != j:
+                    circuit.append(cirq.CNOT(qubits[i], qubits[j]))
+                    circuit.append(cirq.ry(params[param_idx])(qubits[j]))
+                    circuit.append(cirq.CNOT(qubits[i], qubits[j]))
+                    param_idx += 1
+
+        # Double excitations (simplified)
+        for i in range(0, n_qubits - 3, 2):
+            if param_idx < len(params):
+                circuit.append(cirq.CNOT(qubits[i], qubits[i + 1]))
+                circuit.append(cirq.CNOT(qubits[i + 2], qubits[i + 3]))
+                circuit.append(cirq.ry(params[param_idx])(qubits[i + 1]))
+                circuit.append(cirq.CNOT(qubits[i], qubits[i + 1]))
+                circuit.append(cirq.CNOT(qubits[i + 2], qubits[i + 3]))
+                param_idx += 1
+
+        return circuit, qubits
+
+    def compute_expectation(self, circuit_info: Union[Any, Tuple], hamiltonian: Any,
+                          shots: Optional[int] = None) -> float:
+        """Compute expectation value of Hamiltonian."""
+        try:
+            if isinstance(hamiltonian, np.ndarray):
+                # Compute expectation using statevector
+                statevector = self.get_statevector(circuit_info)
+                expectation = np.real(np.conj(statevector) @ hamiltonian @ statevector)
+                return float(expectation)
+            else:
+                logger.warning("Hamiltonian expectation not fully implemented")
+                return 0.0
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"Expectation computation failed: {e}")
+            return 0.0
+
+    def get_version_info(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """Get Cirq version information."""
+        info = super().get_version_info()
+
+        try:
+            info.update({
+                'cirq_version': cirq.__version__,
+                'processor_id': self.processor_id,
+            })
+        except Exception as e:
+            info['version_error'] = str(e)
+
+        return info