superquantx 0.1.0__py3-none-any.whl

superquantx/backends/qiskit_backend.py

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+"""Qiskit backend implementation for SuperQuantX.
+
+This module provides integration with IBM's Qiskit for quantum computing
+operations and access to IBM Quantum hardware.
+"""
+
+import logging
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Dict, List, Optional, Union
+
+import numpy as np
+
+from .base_backend import BaseBackend
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from qiskit import QuantumCircuit
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+# Try to import Qiskit
+try:
+    from qiskit import (
+        Aer,
+        ClassicalRegister,
+        QuantumCircuit,
+        QuantumRegister,
+        execute,
+        transpile,
+    )
+    from qiskit.algorithms.optimizers import COBYLA, L_BFGS_B
+    from qiskit.circuit.library import EfficientSU2, RealAmplitudes, ZZFeatureMap
+    from qiskit.providers.aer import AerSimulator
+    from qiskit.quantum_info import Statevector
+    QISKIT_AVAILABLE = True
+
+    # Try to import IBM Quantum provider
+    try:
+        from qiskit import IBMQ
+        from qiskit.providers.ibmq import IBMQBackend
+        IBMQ_AVAILABLE = True
+    except ImportError:
+        IBMQ_AVAILABLE = False
+        IBMQ = None
+        IBMQBackend = None
+
+except ImportError:
+    QISKIT_AVAILABLE = False
+    QuantumCircuit = None
+    Aer = None
+    AerSimulator = None
+    Statevector = None
+
+class QiskitBackend(BaseBackend):
+    """Qiskit backend for quantum computing operations.
+    
+    This backend provides access to Qiskit simulators and IBM Quantum
+    hardware for quantum algorithm execution.
+    
+    Args:
+        device: Qiskit backend name ('aer_simulator', 'ibmq_qasm_simulator', etc.)
+        provider: IBM Quantum provider (if using IBMQ)
+        shots: Number of measurement shots
+        **kwargs: Additional backend parameters
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, device: str = 'aer_simulator', provider: Optional[str] = None,
+                 shots: int = 1024, **kwargs):
+        if not QISKIT_AVAILABLE:
+            raise ImportError("Qiskit is required for QiskitBackend. Install with: pip install qiskit")
+
+        super().__init__(device=device, shots=shots, **kwargs)
+
+        self.provider = provider
+        self.backend = None
+        self.capabilities = {
+            'supports_gradient': False,
+            'supports_parameter_shift': True,
+            'supports_finite_diff': True,
+            'supports_hardware': IBMQ_AVAILABLE,
+            'supports_noise_models': True,
+        }
+
+    def _initialize_backend(self) -> None:
+        """Initialize Qiskit backend."""
+        try:
+            if self.device == 'aer_simulator':
+                self.backend = AerSimulator()
+                logger.info("Initialized Qiskit AerSimulator")
+
+            elif self.device.startswith('ibmq_') or self.provider:
+                if not IBMQ_AVAILABLE:
+                    raise ImportError("IBM Quantum provider not available")
+
+                # Load IBMQ account
+                if not IBMQ.active_account():
+                    try:
+                        IBMQ.load_account()
+                    except Exception as e:
+                        logger.error(f"Failed to load IBMQ account: {e}")
+                        raise
+
+                # Get provider
+                if self.provider:
+                    provider = IBMQ.get_provider(hub=self.provider.get('hub', 'ibm-q'),
+                                               group=self.provider.get('group', 'open'),
+                                               project=self.provider.get('project', 'main'))
+                else:
+                    provider = IBMQ.get_provider()
+
+                # Get backend
+                self.backend = provider.get_backend(self.device)
+                logger.info(f"Initialized IBM Quantum backend: {self.device}")
+
+            else:
+                # Try to get backend from Aer
+                self.backend = Aer.get_backend(self.device)
+                logger.info(f"Initialized Aer backend: {self.device}")
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"Failed to initialize Qiskit backend: {e}")
+            # Fallback to simulator
+            self.backend = AerSimulator()
+            logger.warning("Falling back to AerSimulator")
+
+    def create_circuit(self, n_qubits: int) -> Any:
+        """Create a quantum circuit with n qubits."""
+        qreg = QuantumRegister(n_qubits, 'q')
+        creg = ClassicalRegister(n_qubits, 'c')
+        circuit = QuantumCircuit(qreg, creg)
+        return circuit
+
+    def add_gate(self, circuit: Any, gate: str, qubits: Union[int, List[int]],
+                 params: Optional[List[float]] = None) -> Any:
+        """Add a quantum gate to the circuit."""
+        if isinstance(qubits, int):
+            qubits = [qubits]
+
+        params = params or []
+
+        try:
+            if gate.upper() == 'H' or gate.upper() == 'HADAMARD':
+                circuit.h(qubits[0])
+            elif gate.upper() == 'X' or gate.upper() == 'PAULI_X':
+                circuit.x(qubits[0])
+            elif gate.upper() == 'Y' or gate.upper() == 'PAULI_Y':
+                circuit.y(qubits[0])
+            elif gate.upper() == 'Z' or gate.upper() == 'PAULI_Z':
+                circuit.z(qubits[0])
+            elif gate.upper() == 'RX':
+                circuit.rx(params[0] if params else 0, qubits[0])
+            elif gate.upper() == 'RY':
+                circuit.ry(params[0] if params else 0, qubits[0])
+            elif gate.upper() == 'RZ':
+                circuit.rz(params[0] if params else 0, qubits[0])
+            elif gate.upper() == 'CNOT' or gate.upper() == 'CX':
+                circuit.cx(qubits[0], qubits[1])
+            elif gate.upper() == 'CZ':
+                circuit.cz(qubits[0], qubits[1])
+            elif gate.upper() == 'SWAP':
+                circuit.swap(qubits[0], qubits[1])
+            elif gate.upper() == 'CCX' or gate.upper() == 'TOFFOLI':
+                circuit.ccx(qubits[0], qubits[1], qubits[2])
+            else:
+                logger.warning(f"Unknown gate: {gate}")
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"Failed to add gate {gate}: {e}")
+
+        return circuit
+
+    def add_measurement(self, circuit: Any, qubits: Optional[List[int]] = None) -> Any:
+        """Add measurement operations to the circuit."""
+        if qubits is None:
+            qubits = list(range(circuit.num_qubits))
+
+        for i, qubit in enumerate(qubits):
+            if i < circuit.num_clbits:
+                circuit.measure(qubit, i)
+
+        return circuit
+
+    def execute_circuit(self, circuit: Any, shots: Optional[int] = None) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """Execute quantum circuit and return results."""
+        shots = shots or self.shots
+
+        try:
+            # Add measurements if not present
+            if circuit.num_clbits == 0 or not any(isinstance(instr.operation,
+                                                           type(circuit.measure(0, 0).operation))
+                                                 for instr in circuit):
+                circuit.add_register(ClassicalRegister(circuit.num_qubits, 'c'))
+                circuit.measure_all()
+
+            # Transpile circuit
+            transpiled = transpile(circuit, self.backend)
+
+            # Execute
+            job = execute(transpiled, self.backend, shots=shots)
+            result = job.result()
+
+            # Get counts
+            counts = result.get_counts()
+
+            return {
+                'counts': counts,
+                'shots': shots,
+                'backend': self.device,
+                'job_id': job.job_id(),
+            }
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"Circuit execution failed: {e}")
+            raise
+
+    def get_statevector(self, circuit: Any) -> np.ndarray:
+        """Get the statevector from a quantum circuit."""
+        try:
+            # Use statevector simulator
+            backend = AerSimulator(method='statevector')
+
+            # Create circuit copy without measurements
+            circuit_copy = circuit.copy()
+            circuit_copy.remove_final_measurements()
+
+            # Execute
+            job = execute(circuit_copy, backend, shots=1)
+            result = job.result()
+
+            # Get statevector
+            statevector = result.get_statevector()
+            return np.array(statevector.data)
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"Statevector computation failed: {e}")
+            return np.array([1.0] + [0.0] * (2**circuit.num_qubits - 1))
+
+    def _get_n_qubits(self, circuit: Any) -> int:
+        """Get number of qubits in circuit."""
+        return circuit.num_qubits
+
+    # ========================================================================
+    # Enhanced Qiskit-specific implementations
+    # ========================================================================
+
+    def create_feature_map(self, n_features: int, feature_map: str, reps: int = 1) -> Any:
+        """Create quantum feature map for data encoding."""
+        if feature_map == 'ZZFeatureMap':
+            return ZZFeatureMap(n_features, reps=reps)
+        elif feature_map == 'PauliFeatureMap':
+            return self._create_pauli_feature_map(n_features, reps)
+        elif feature_map == 'AmplitudeMap':
+            return self._create_amplitude_map(n_features)
+        else:
+            logger.warning(f"Unknown feature map '{feature_map}', using angle encoding")
+            return self._create_angle_encoding_map(n_features)
+
+    def _create_pauli_feature_map(self, n_features: int, reps: int) -> Any:
+        """Create Pauli feature map circuit."""
+        circuit = QuantumCircuit(n_features)
+
+        for r in range(reps):
+            # Pauli rotations
+            for i in range(n_features):
+                circuit.rx(circuit.parameters[0], i)  # Placeholder parameter
+                circuit.ry(circuit.parameters[0], i)
+                circuit.rz(circuit.parameters[0], i)
+
+            # Entangling layer
+            for i in range(n_features - 1):
+                circuit.cx(i, i + 1)
+
+        return circuit
+
+    def _create_amplitude_map(self, n_features: int) -> Any:
+        """Create amplitude encoding map."""
+        n_qubits = int(np.ceil(np.log2(n_features)))
+        circuit = QuantumCircuit(n_qubits)
+
+        # Amplitude encoding would require state initialization
+        # This is a simplified placeholder
+        logger.warning("Amplitude encoding not fully implemented")
+
+        return circuit
+
+    def _create_angle_encoding_map(self, n_features: int) -> Any:
+        """Create angle encoding map."""
+        circuit = QuantumCircuit(n_features)
+
+        for i in range(n_features):
+            circuit.ry(circuit.parameters[0], i)  # Placeholder parameter
+
+        return circuit
+
+    def compute_kernel_matrix(self, X1: np.ndarray, X2: np.ndarray,
+                            feature_map: QuantumCircuit, shots: Optional[int] = None) -> np.ndarray:
+        """Compute quantum kernel matrix using Qiskit."""
+        n1, n2 = len(X1), len(X2)
+        kernel_matrix = np.zeros((n1, n2))
+
+        for i in range(n1):
+            for j in range(n2):
+                try:
+                    # Create kernel evaluation circuit
+                    circuit = QuantumCircuit(feature_map.num_qubits, feature_map.num_qubits)
+
+                    # Encode first data point
+                    circuit.compose(feature_map.bind_parameters(X1[i]), inplace=True)
+
+                    # Encode second data point with inverse
+                    inverse_map = feature_map.bind_parameters(-X2[j]).inverse()
+                    circuit.compose(inverse_map, inplace=True)
+
+                    # Measure
+                    circuit.measure_all()
+
+                    # Execute
+                    result = self.execute_circuit(circuit, shots)
+                    counts = result['counts']
+
+                    # Kernel value is probability of measuring |00...0⟩
+                    zero_state = '0' * feature_map.num_qubits
+                    kernel_matrix[i, j] = counts.get(zero_state, 0) / sum(counts.values())
+
+                except Exception as e:
+                    logger.warning(f"Kernel computation failed for ({i},{j}): {e}")
+                    kernel_matrix[i, j] = 0.0
+
+        return kernel_matrix
+
+    def create_ansatz(self, ansatz_type: str, n_qubits: int, params: np.ndarray,
+                     include_custom_gates: bool = False) -> Any:
+        """Create parameterized ansatz circuit."""
+        if ansatz_type == 'RealAmplitudes':
+            return RealAmplitudes(n_qubits, reps=len(params) // (n_qubits * 2))
+        elif ansatz_type == 'EfficientSU2':
+            return EfficientSU2(n_qubits, reps=len(params) // (n_qubits * 3))
+        elif ansatz_type == 'TwoLocal':
+            return self._create_two_local_ansatz(n_qubits, params)
+        elif ansatz_type == 'UCCSD':
+            return self._create_uccsd_ansatz(n_qubits, params)
+        else:
+            logger.warning(f"Unknown ansatz '{ansatz_type}', using RealAmplitudes")
+            return RealAmplitudes(n_qubits, reps=len(params) // (n_qubits * 2))
+
+    def _create_two_local_ansatz(self, n_qubits: int, params: np.ndarray) -> Any:
+        """Create TwoLocal ansatz."""
+        from qiskit.circuit.library import TwoLocal
+        return TwoLocal(n_qubits, 'ry', 'cx', 'linear', reps=len(params) // (n_qubits * 2))
+
+    def _create_uccsd_ansatz(self, n_qubits: int, params: np.ndarray) -> Any:
+        """Create UCCSD ansatz (simplified)."""
+        circuit = QuantumCircuit(n_qubits)
+
+        # Simplified UCCSD implementation
+        param_idx = 0
+
+        # Single excitations
+        for i in range(0, n_qubits, 2):
+            for j in range(1, n_qubits, 2):
+                if param_idx < len(params) and i != j:
+                    circuit.cx(i, j)
+                    circuit.ry(params[param_idx], j)
+                    circuit.cx(i, j)
+                    param_idx += 1
+
+        # Double excitations (simplified)
+        for i in range(0, n_qubits - 3, 2):
+            if param_idx < len(params):
+                circuit.cx(i, i + 1)
+                circuit.cx(i + 2, i + 3)
+                circuit.ry(params[param_idx], i + 1)
+                circuit.cx(i, i + 1)
+                circuit.cx(i + 2, i + 3)
+                param_idx += 1
+
+        return circuit
+
+    def compute_expectation(self, circuit: Any, hamiltonian: Any,
+                          shots: Optional[int] = None) -> float:
+        """Compute expectation value of Hamiltonian."""
+        try:
+            # For Qiskit, we need to decompose Hamiltonian into Pauli terms
+            if isinstance(hamiltonian, np.ndarray):
+                # Compute expectation using statevector
+                statevector = self.get_statevector(circuit)
+                expectation = np.real(np.conj(statevector) @ hamiltonian @ statevector)
+                return float(expectation)
+            else:
+                logger.warning("Hamiltonian expectation not fully implemented")
+                return 0.0
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"Expectation computation failed: {e}")
+            return 0.0
+
+    def create_qaoa_circuit(self, n_qubits: int, gammas: np.ndarray, betas: np.ndarray,
+                          problem_hamiltonian: Any, mixer_hamiltonian: Any,
+                          initial_state: Any, problem_instance: Any) -> Any:
+        """Create QAOA circuit with given parameters."""
+        circuit = QuantumCircuit(n_qubits)
+
+        # Initial state (uniform superposition)
+        for i in range(n_qubits):
+            circuit.h(i)
+
+        # QAOA layers
+        for gamma, beta in zip(gammas, betas):
+            # Problem Hamiltonian layer
+            self._apply_problem_hamiltonian(circuit, gamma, problem_instance)
+
+            # Mixer Hamiltonian layer
+            self._apply_mixer_hamiltonian(circuit, beta)
+
+        return circuit
+
+    def _apply_problem_hamiltonian(self, circuit: Any, gamma: float, problem_instance: Any) -> None:
+        """Apply problem Hamiltonian to circuit."""
+        # Simplified implementation for Max-Cut type problems
+        n_qubits = circuit.num_qubits
+
+        if hasattr(problem_instance, 'shape') and len(problem_instance.shape) == 2:
+            # Assume adjacency matrix
+            for i in range(n_qubits):
+                for j in range(i + 1, n_qubits):
+                    if problem_instance[i, j] != 0:
+                        circuit.cx(i, j)
+                        circuit.rz(gamma * problem_instance[i, j], j)
+                        circuit.cx(i, j)
+
+    def _apply_mixer_hamiltonian(self, circuit: Any, beta: float) -> None:
+        """Apply mixer Hamiltonian to circuit."""
+        # Standard X-mixer
+        for i in range(circuit.num_qubits):
+            circuit.rx(2 * beta, i)
+
+    def get_version_info(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """Get Qiskit version information."""
+        info = super().get_version_info()
+
+        try:
+            import qiskit
+            info.update({
+                'qiskit_version': qiskit.__version__,
+                'backend_name': self.backend.name() if self.backend else 'Unknown',
+                'backend_version': getattr(self.backend, 'version', 'Unknown'),
+            })
+        except Exception as e:
+            info['version_error'] = str(e)
+
+        return info