superquantx 0.1.0__py3-none-any.whl

superquantx/backends/tket_backend.py

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+"""TKET/Quantinuum backend implementation for SuperQuantX.
+
+This module provides integration with TKET (Quantum Toolkit) and Quantinuum
+hardware for advanced quantum circuit compilation and optimization.
+"""
+
+import logging
+from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, Union
+
+import numpy as np
+
+from .base_backend import BaseBackend
+
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+# Try to import TKET/pytket
+try:
+    from pytket import Circuit, OpType
+    from pytket.backends import Backend
+    from pytket.backends.simulator import AerBackend
+    from pytket.circuit import Bit, Qubit
+
+    # Try to import Quantinuum backend
+    try:
+        from pytket.extensions.quantinuum import QuantinuumBackend
+        QUANTINUUM_AVAILABLE = True
+    except ImportError:
+        QUANTINUUM_AVAILABLE = False
+
+    # Try to import other TKET backends
+    try:
+        from pytket.extensions.cirq import CirqBackend as TKETCirqBackend
+        from pytket.extensions.qiskit import AerStateBackend
+        TKET_EXTENSIONS_AVAILABLE = True
+    except ImportError:
+        TKET_EXTENSIONS_AVAILABLE = False
+
+    TKET_AVAILABLE = True
+
+except ImportError:
+    TKET_AVAILABLE = False
+    QUANTINUUM_AVAILABLE = False
+    TKET_EXTENSIONS_AVAILABLE = False
+    Circuit = None
+    OpType = None
+
+class TKETBackend(BaseBackend):
+    """TKET (Quantum Toolkit) backend for quantum computing operations.
+    
+    This backend provides access to TKET's quantum circuit compilation,
+    optimization, and execution capabilities, including Quantinuum hardware.
+    
+    Args:
+        device: Device name (e.g., 'aer_simulator', 'H1-1E', 'H1-2E', 'simulator')
+        shots: Number of measurement shots
+        machine: Specific Quantinuum machine for hardware execution
+        api_key: Quantinuum API key (required for hardware)
+        **kwargs: Additional backend configuration
+        
+    Example:
+        >>> # Local simulator
+        >>> backend = TKETBackend(device='aer_simulator')
+        >>> 
+        >>> # Quantinuum hardware (requires API key)
+        >>> backend = TKETBackend(
+        ...     device='H1-1E',
+        ...     api_key='your-quantinuum-api-key'
+        ... )
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        device: str = 'aer_simulator',
+        shots: int = 1024,
+        machine: Optional[str] = None,
+        api_key: Optional[str] = None,
+        **kwargs
+    ) -> None:
+        if not TKET_AVAILABLE:
+            raise ImportError(
+                "TKET not available. Install with: pip install pytket"
+            )
+
+        self.device_name = device
+        self.machine = machine or device
+        self.api_key = api_key
+        self._backend = None
+
+        super().__init__(device=device, shots=shots, **kwargs)
+
+    def _initialize_backend(self) -> None:
+        """Initialize TKET backend and device."""
+        try:
+            if self.device_name in ['aer_simulator', 'simulator']:
+                # Use TKET Aer simulator
+                if TKET_EXTENSIONS_AVAILABLE:
+                    from pytket.extensions.qiskit import AerBackend
+                    self._backend = AerBackend()
+                else:
+                    # Fallback to basic simulator
+                    logger.warning("TKET extensions not available, using basic simulator")
+                    self._backend = None
+
+            elif self.device_name.startswith('H') and '-' in self.device_name:
+                # Quantinuum hardware (H1-1E, H1-2E, H2-1, etc.)
+                if not QUANTINUUM_AVAILABLE:
+                    raise ImportError("Quantinuum backend not available. Install with: pip install pytket-quantinuum")
+
+                if not self.api_key:
+                    raise ValueError("API key required for Quantinuum hardware")
+
+                self._backend = QuantinuumBackend(
+                    device_name=self.machine,
+                    api_key=self.api_key
+                )
+                logger.info(f"Initialized Quantinuum backend: {self.machine}")
+
+            elif self.device_name in ['cirq', 'cirq_simulator']:
+                # TKET Cirq integration
+                if TKET_EXTENSIONS_AVAILABLE:
+                    self._backend = TKETCirqBackend()
+                else:
+                    raise ImportError("TKET Cirq extension not available")
+
+            else:
+                # Try to create generic backend
+                logger.warning(f"Unknown device {self.device_name}, using simulator fallback")
+                self._backend = None
+
+            self.capabilities = {
+                'supports_measurements': True,
+                'supports_parameterized_circuits': True,
+                'supports_classical_control': True,
+                'supports_mid_circuit_measurement': True,
+                'max_qubits': self._get_max_qubits(),
+                'native_gates': self._get_native_gates(),
+                'supports_optimization': True,  # TKET's key feature
+            }
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"Failed to initialize TKET backend: {e}")
+            raise
+
+    def _get_max_qubits(self) -> int:
+        """Get maximum number of qubits for the device."""
+        if self._backend and hasattr(self._backend, 'device'):
+            try:
+                device_info = self._backend.device
+                if hasattr(device_info, 'n_nodes'):
+                    return device_info.n_nodes
+            except:
+                pass
+
+        # Default estimates based on device name
+        if 'H1-1' in self.device_name:
+            return 20  # H1-1E
+        elif 'H1-2' in self.device_name:
+            return 56  # H1-2E
+        elif 'H2' in self.device_name:
+            return 32  # H2-1
+        else:
+            return 32  # Conservative estimate
+
+    def _get_native_gates(self) -> List[str]:
+        """Get native gates supported by TKET."""
+        # TKET supports a rich set of gates
+        return [
+            'H', 'X', 'Y', 'Z', 'S', 'Sdg', 'T', 'Tdg', 'V', 'Vdg',
+            'Rx', 'Ry', 'Rz', 'R1', 'U1', 'U2', 'U3',
+            'CX', 'CY', 'CZ', 'CH', 'CV', 'CVdg', 'CS', 'CSdg',
+            'CRx', 'CRy', 'CRz', 'CU1', 'CU2', 'CU3',
+            'CCX', 'SWAP', 'CSWAP', 'ISWAP', 'PHASEDX',
+            'ZZMax', 'XXPhase', 'YYPhase', 'ZZPhase'
+        ]
+
+    # ========================================================================
+    # Core Circuit Operations
+    # ========================================================================
+
+    def create_circuit(self, n_qubits: int) -> Circuit:
+        """Create a TKET quantum circuit."""
+        if n_qubits > self._get_max_qubits():
+            logger.warning(f"Requested {n_qubits} qubits exceeds device limit")
+
+        circuit = Circuit(n_qubits)
+        return circuit
+
+    def add_gate(self, circuit: Circuit, gate: str, qubits: Union[int, List[int]],
+                 params: Optional[List[float]] = None) -> Circuit:
+        """Add a quantum gate to the circuit."""
+        if isinstance(qubits, int):
+            qubits = [qubits]
+
+        params = params or []
+
+        # Map gate names to TKET OpTypes
+        gate_mapping = {
+            'i': OpType.noop,  # Identity
+            'x': OpType.X, 'y': OpType.Y, 'z': OpType.Z, 'h': OpType.H,
+            's': OpType.S, 'sdg': OpType.Sdg, 't': OpType.T, 'tdg': OpType.Tdg,
+            'rx': OpType.Rx, 'ry': OpType.Ry, 'rz': OpType.Rz,
+            'cnot': OpType.CX, 'cx': OpType.CX, 'cz': OpType.CZ, 'cy': OpType.CY,
+            'ch': OpType.CH, 'swap': OpType.SWAP,
+            'ccnot': OpType.CCX, 'ccx': OpType.CCX, 'toffoli': OpType.CCX,
+            'cswap': OpType.CSWAP, 'fredkin': OpType.CSWAP,
+            'iswap': OpType.ISWAPMax,
+            'u1': OpType.U1, 'u2': OpType.U2, 'u3': OpType.U3,
+        }
+
+        gate_upper = gate.upper()
+        gate_lower = gate.lower()
+
+        # Try exact match first, then case variations
+        op_type = None
+        if hasattr(OpType, gate_upper):
+            op_type = getattr(OpType, gate_upper)
+        elif gate_lower in gate_mapping:
+            op_type = gate_mapping[gate_lower]
+
+        if op_type is None:
+            raise ValueError(f"Gate '{gate}' not supported in TKET backend")
+
+        try:
+            # Convert qubit indices to TKET Qubit objects
+            tket_qubits = [circuit.qubits[q] for q in qubits]
+
+            if len(params) == 0:
+                # Parameter-less gates
+                circuit.add_gate(op_type, tket_qubits)
+            else:
+                # Parameterized gates
+                circuit.add_gate(op_type, tket_qubits, params)
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"Failed to add gate {gate} to TKET circuit: {e}")
+            raise
+
+        return circuit
+
+    def add_measurement(self, circuit: Circuit, qubits: Union[int, List[int]]) -> Circuit:
+        """Add measurement instructions to specified qubits."""
+        if isinstance(qubits, int):
+            qubits = [qubits]
+
+        # TKET requires explicit bit allocation for measurements
+        n_bits = len(qubits)
+        if circuit.n_bits < n_bits:
+            circuit.add_c_register("c", n_bits - circuit.n_bits)
+
+        for i, qubit in enumerate(qubits):
+            circuit.Measure(circuit.qubits[qubit], circuit.bits[i])
+
+        return circuit
+
+    def execute_circuit(self, circuit: Circuit, shots: Optional[int] = None) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """Execute quantum circuit and return results."""
+        shots = shots or self.shots
+
+        try:
+            if self._backend is None:
+                # Simple simulation fallback
+                logger.warning("No TKET backend available, using simulation fallback")
+                n_qubits = circuit.n_qubits
+                n_bits = circuit.n_bits or n_qubits
+
+                # Generate random results for fallback
+                counts = {}
+                for _ in range(shots):
+                    bitstring = ''.join([str(np.random.randint(0, 2)) for _ in range(n_bits)])
+                    counts[bitstring] = counts.get(bitstring, 0) + 1
+
+                return {
+                    'counts': counts,
+                    'shots': shots,
+                    'success': True,
+                    'backend': 'tket_fallback',
+                }
+
+            # Compile circuit for backend
+            compiled_circuit = self._backend.get_compiled_circuit(circuit)
+
+            # Execute on backend
+            handle = self._backend.process_circuit(compiled_circuit, n_shots=shots)
+            result = self._backend.get_result(handle)
+
+            # Extract counts
+            counts_dict = {}
+            if hasattr(result, 'get_counts'):
+                counts_dict = result.get_counts()
+            elif hasattr(result, 'counts'):
+                counts_dict = result.counts
+            else:
+                logger.warning("Could not extract counts from TKET result")
+
+            return {
+                'counts': counts_dict,
+                'shots': shots,
+                'success': True,
+                'backend': self._backend.__class__.__name__,
+                'compiled': True,
+                'device': self.device_name,
+            }
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"TKET circuit execution failed: {e}")
+            return {
+                'counts': {},
+                'shots': shots,
+                'success': False,
+                'error': str(e),
+                'device': self.device_name,
+            }
+
+    # ========================================================================
+    # TKET-Specific Features
+    # ========================================================================
+
+    def optimize_circuit(self, circuit: Circuit, optimization_level: int = 2) -> Circuit:
+        """Optimize quantum circuit using TKET compiler passes."""
+        try:
+            from pytket.passes import (
+                CliffordSimp,
+                DecomposeBoxes,
+                OptimisePhaseGadgets,
+                RemoveRedundancies,
+                SequencePass,
+            )
+
+            optimized = circuit.copy()
+
+            if optimization_level >= 1:
+                # Basic optimization
+                basic_pass = SequencePass([
+                    DecomposeBoxes(),
+                    CliffordSimp(),
+                    RemoveRedundancies()
+                ])
+                basic_pass.apply(optimized)
+
+            if optimization_level >= 2:
+                # Advanced optimization
+                advanced_pass = SequencePass([
+                    OptimisePhaseGadgets(),
+                    CliffordSimp(),
+                    RemoveRedundancies()
+                ])
+                advanced_pass.apply(optimized)
+
+            if optimization_level >= 3 and self._backend:
+                # Backend-specific optimization
+                backend_pass = self._backend.default_compilation_pass()
+                backend_pass.apply(optimized)
+
+            logger.info(f"Circuit optimized: {circuit.n_gates} -> {optimized.n_gates} gates")
+            return optimized
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"Circuit optimization failed: {e}")
+            return circuit
+
+    def create_parameterized_circuit(self, n_qubits: int, n_params: int) -> Tuple[Circuit, List[str]]:
+        """Create a parameterized quantum circuit for variational algorithms."""
+        from pytket.circuit import fresh_symbol
+
+        circuit = self.create_circuit(n_qubits)
+
+        # Create symbolic parameters
+        symbols = [fresh_symbol(f"theta_{i}") for i in range(n_params)]
+        param_names = [str(symbol) for symbol in symbols]
+
+        # Store parameter info
+        circuit._symbols = symbols
+        circuit._param_names = param_names
+
+        return circuit, param_names
+
+    def bind_parameters(self, circuit: Circuit, param_values: Dict[str, float]) -> Circuit:
+        """Bind parameter values to parameterized circuit."""
+        try:
+            bound_circuit = circuit.copy()
+
+            # Create symbol substitution map
+            if hasattr(circuit, '_symbols'):
+                symbol_map = {}
+                for symbol, name in zip(circuit._symbols, circuit._param_names):
+                    if name in param_values:
+                        symbol_map[symbol] = param_values[name]
+
+                # Substitute symbols with values
+                bound_circuit.symbol_substitution(symbol_map)
+
+            return bound_circuit
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"Parameter binding failed: {e}")
+            return circuit
+
+    def expectation_value(self, circuit: Circuit, observable: Union[str, np.ndarray],
+                         shots: Optional[int] = None) -> float:
+        """Calculate expectation value of observable using TKET."""
+        shots = shots or self.shots
+
+        try:
+            if isinstance(observable, str) and observable.upper() == 'Z':
+                # Measure in Z basis
+                measured_circuit = circuit.copy()
+                measured_circuit.add_c_register("c", 1)
+                measured_circuit.Measure(measured_circuit.qubits[0], measured_circuit.bits[0])
+
+                result = self.execute_circuit(measured_circuit, shots)
+                counts = result['counts']
+
+                # Calculate <Z> expectation
+                expectation = 0.0
+                total_counts = sum(counts.values())
+
+                for bitstring, count in counts.items():
+                    prob = count / total_counts
+                    if bitstring[0] == '0':
+                        expectation += prob
+                    else:
+                        expectation -= prob
+
+                return expectation
+            else:
+                logger.warning("Only Z observable currently implemented")
+                return 0.0
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"Expectation value calculation failed: {e}")
+            return 0.0
+
+    # ========================================================================
+    # Backend Information
+    # ========================================================================
+
+    def get_backend_info(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """Get information about the TKET backend."""
+        info = {
+            'backend_name': 'tket',
+            'device': self.device_name,
+            'provider': 'Quantinuum/Cambridge Quantum Computing',
+            'shots': self.shots,
+            'capabilities': self.capabilities,
+        }
+
+        if self._backend:
+            info.update({
+                'backend_class': self._backend.__class__.__name__,
+                'supports_compilation': True,
+                'supports_optimization': True,
+            })
+
+            if hasattr(self._backend, 'device'):
+                device_info = self._backend.device
+                info['device_info'] = str(device_info)
+
+        return info
+
+    def get_version_info(self) -> Dict[str, str]:
+        """Get version information for TKET dependencies."""
+        version_info = {'backend_version': '1.0.0'}
+
+        try:
+            import pytket
+            version_info['pytket'] = pytket.__version__
+        except:
+            pass
+
+        if QUANTINUUM_AVAILABLE:
+            try:
+                import pytket.extensions.quantinuum
+                version_info['pytket_quantinuum'] = getattr(pytket.extensions.quantinuum, '__version__', 'unknown')
+            except:
+                pass
+
+        return version_info
+
+    def is_available(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if the backend is available and properly configured."""
+        return TKET_AVAILABLE
+
+    def get_circuit_info(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """Get information about circuit execution capabilities."""
+        return {
+            'max_qubits': self._get_max_qubits(),
+            'native_gates': self._get_native_gates(),
+            'supports_mid_circuit_measurement': True,
+            'supports_reset': True,
+            'supports_conditional': True,
+            'supports_optimization': True,
+            'supports_compilation': True,
+        }
+
+    def _get_n_qubits(self, circuit: Circuit) -> int:
+        """Get number of qubits in TKET circuit."""
+        return circuit.n_qubits
+
+    def get_statevector(self, circuit: Circuit) -> np.ndarray:
+        """Get statevector from TKET circuit."""
+        try:
+            if TKET_EXTENSIONS_AVAILABLE:
+                from pytket.extensions.qiskit import AerStateBackend
+                state_backend = AerStateBackend()
+                compiled_circuit = state_backend.get_compiled_circuit(circuit)
+                handle = state_backend.process_circuit(compiled_circuit)
+                result = state_backend.get_result(handle)
+
+                if hasattr(result, 'get_state'):
+                    return result.get_state()
+
+            logger.warning("Statevector not available with current TKET setup")
+            return np.zeros(2**circuit.n_qubits, dtype=complex)
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"Failed to get statevector: {e}")
+            return np.zeros(2**circuit.n_qubits, dtype=complex)