solarwindpy 0.0.1.dev0__py3-none-any.whl → 0.1.1__py3-none-any.whl

plans/tests-audit/artifacts/PHYSICS_VALIDATION_REPORT.md

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+# Physics Validation Report - Phase 2 Audit
+
+## Executive Summary
+
+**Date**: 2025-08-21  
+**Phase**: 2 - Physics Validation Audit  
+**Status**: ✅ COMPLETED  
+**Audit Agent**: PhysicsValidator
+
+### Key Findings Summary
+
+- **Physics Convention Compliance**: ✅ **EXCELLENT** - Core physics formulas correctly implemented
+- **SI Unit Consistency**: ✅ **CORRECT** - Proper internal SI usage with display conversions
+- **Conservation Laws**: ⚠️ **PARTIAL** - Basic conservation implemented, missing comprehensive validation
+- **Parameter Ranges**: ⚠️ **PARTIALLY REALISTIC** - Some test values below typical solar wind ranges
+- **Instabilities Module**: ❌ **CRITICAL GAP** - 0% test coverage for plasma instability calculations
+
+## Detailed Physics Audit Results
+
+### ✅ PASSED - Core Physics Conventions
+
+#### 1. Thermal Speed Convention (mw² = 2kT)
+**Status**: ✅ **CORRECT**
+- **Implementation**: `solarwindpy/core/ions.py` lines 211-221
+- **Formula**: `T = mw²/(2k_B)` correctly implemented
+- **Test Validation**: `tests/core/test_ions.py` lines 146-151 validates `0.5mw² = kT`
+- **Evidence**: Physics formula rearranges correctly to `mw² = 2kT`
+
+#### 2. Alfvén Speed Calculations (V_A = B/√(μ₀ρ))
+**Status**: ✅ **CORRECT**
+- **Implementation**: `solarwindpy/core/plasma.py` lines 1321-1327
+- **Formula**: `V_A = B/√(μ₀ρ)` with proper ion composition handling
+- **Test Validation**: `tests/core/test_plasma.py` lines 868-879
+- **Ion Composition**: ✅ Properly handles multi-species mass density calculations
+
+#### 3. SI Unit Consistency
+**Status**: ✅ **CORRECT**
+- **Internal Calculations**: All physics uses SI units (Tesla, kg/m³, m/s, Joules)
+- **Unit Conversions**: Applied only for display/interface (nT, km/s, cm⁻³)
+- **Evidence**: 
+  - `units_constants.py`: Proper conversion factors defined
+  - Test calculations use `physical_constants` from scipy
+  - Temperature test (line 149): `w * 1e3` converts km/s to m/s for SI calculation
+
+#### 4. Plasma Beta Calculations (β = 2μ₀p_th/B²)
+**Status**: ✅ **CORRECT**
+- **Implementation**: `solarwindpy/core/plasma.py` lines 1030-1037
+- **Formula**: `β = 2μ₀p_th/B²` correctly implemented
+- **Test Validation**: `tests/core/test_plasma.py` lines 445-448
+- **Multi-ion Support**: ✅ Proper ion contribution aggregation
+
+### ⚠️ PARTIAL - Conservation Laws and Physical Constraints
+
+#### 5. Energy Conservation
+**Status**: ⚠️ **PARTIAL**
+- **Basic Implementation**: Alfvénic turbulence module validates `E_total = E_kinetic + E_magnetic`
+- **Missing**: Energy conservation across plasma heating/cooling processes
+- **Gap**: No dynamic energy conservation validation in multi-species scenarios
+
+#### 6. Mass Conservation  
+**Status**: ⚠️ **PARTIAL**
+- **Implementation**: Mass density tests validate `ρ_total = Σ(n_i × m_i)`
+- **Test Coverage**: Basic summation validation in `test_plasma.py` lines 283-295
+- **Missing**: Conservation across plasma evolution/transformation processes
+
+#### 7. Momentum Conservation
+**Status**: ❌ **MISSING**
+- **Current State**: No explicit momentum conservation tests found
+- **Gap**: Multi-ion momentum exchange validation absent
+- **Impact**: Critical for plasma physics accuracy
+
+#### 8. Charge Neutrality
+**Status**: ❌ **MISSING**
+- **Current State**: No explicit charge neutrality constraint tests
+- **Gap**: Ion composition charge balance validation absent
+- **Impact**: Important for realistic plasma configurations
+
+### ⚠️ PARTIALLY REALISTIC - Solar Wind Parameter Ranges
+
+#### 9. Test Data Parameter Analysis
+**Source**: `/tests/data/plasma.csv`
+
+| Parameter | Test Values | Realistic Range | Status |
+|-----------|-------------|-----------------|---------|
+| **Magnetic Field** | 0.5-0.7 nT | 1-100 nT | ⚠️ **TOO LOW** |
+| **Plasma Density** | 1.0-4.0 cm⁻³ | 0.1-100 cm⁻³ | ✅ **REALISTIC** |
+| **Bulk Velocity** | 100-450 km/s | 200-800 km/s | ⚠️ **LOW RANGE** |
+| **Thermal Speed** | 3.0-30.5 km/s | 1-100 km/s | ✅ **REALISTIC** |
+
+**Impact**: Unrealistically low magnetic field values may not test plasma physics in typical solar wind conditions.
+
+#### 10. Temperature Ranges
+**Status**: ✅ **REALISTIC**
+- **Test Range**: Derived from thermal speeds, covers typical solar wind temperatures
+- **Physical Validity**: 10⁴-10⁷ K range achievable through test thermal speeds
+
+### ❌ CRITICAL GAPS IDENTIFIED
+
+#### 11. Instabilities Module Test Coverage
+**Status**: ❌ **0% COVERAGE - CRITICAL**
+- **Modules**: `solarwindpy/instabilities/` (beta_ani.py, verscharen2016.py)
+- **Test Directory**: ❌ **MISSING** - No `/tests/instabilities/` directory exists
+- **Impact**: Plasma instability growth rates and thresholds completely unvalidated
+- **Estimated**: ~50-80 tests needed for basic instabilities coverage
+
+#### 12. Gyrofrequency Calculations
+**Status**: ❌ **NOT IMPLEMENTED**
+- **Search Result**: No explicit gyrofrequency (Ω = qB/m) calculations found
+- **Impact**: Missing fundamental plasma frequency calculations
+- **Note**: May be implemented in instabilities module (untested)
+
+## Critical Physics Improvements Needed
+
+### Priority 1: CRITICAL (Required for Physics Accuracy)
+
+1. **Create Instabilities Test Suite** 
+   - Estimated: 50+ tests for `beta_ani.py` and `verscharen2016.py`
+   - Coverage increase: +8-12% toward ≥95% target
+   - Physics validation: Growth rate calculations, stability thresholds
+
+2. **Add Conservation Law Validation**
+   - Momentum conservation in multi-ion plasma
+   - Energy conservation across plasma processes
+   - Charge neutrality constraint validation
+   - Estimated: 15-20 additional physics tests
+
+### Priority 2: HIGH (Data Quality)
+
+3. **Update Test Data Ranges**
+   - Increase magnetic field values to 1-50 nT (realistic solar wind)
+   - Expand velocity range to 200-800 km/s
+   - Add extreme condition edge cases (B≈0, high β, etc.)
+
+4. **Add Gyrofrequency Calculations**
+   - Implement Ω = qB/m for all ion species
+   - Test mass/charge ratio dependencies
+   - Validate for different plasma compositions
+
+### Priority 3: MEDIUM (Enhancement)
+
+5. **Expand Physical Constraint Tests**
+   - Plasma beta bounds (0.01 ≤ β ≤ 100)
+   - Temperature anisotropy limits (0.1 ≤ T⊥/T∥ ≤ 10)
+   - Velocity drift limitations (|v_drift| < V_A)
+
+## Physics Validation Test Recommendations
+
+### New Test Categories Needed
+
+```python
+# 1. Conservation Laws
+def test_momentum_conservation_multi_ion():
+    """Validate Σ(n_i * m_i * v_i) = constant"""
+    
+def test_energy_conservation_plasma_heating():
+    """Validate energy conservation in thermal processes"""
+    
+def test_charge_neutrality_constraint():
+    """Validate Σ(n_i * Z_i) = 0"""
+
+# 2. Instabilities Module (CRITICAL)
+def test_beta_anisotropy_threshold():
+    """Validate instability growth rate physics"""
+    
+def test_verscharen2016_fits():
+    """Validate literature-based instability thresholds"""
+
+# 3. Gyrofrequency Calculations
+def test_gyrofrequency_formula():
+    """Validate Ω = qB/m for all species"""
+    
+def test_mass_charge_ratio_accuracy():
+    """Validate physical constants for ion species"""
+```
+
+### Enhanced Physics Validation Patterns
+
+Based on SolarWindPy physics conventions, new tests should validate:
+
+- **Thermal equilibrium**: `mw² = 2kT` across temperature and species ranges
+- **Alfvén physics**: `V_A = B/√(μ₀ρ)` with realistic parameter combinations  
+- **Plasma parameters**: `β = 2μ₀p_th/B²` boundary conditions
+- **Conservation laws**: Energy, momentum, mass, and charge conservation
+- **Solar wind realism**: Parameter ranges matching spacecraft observations
+
+## Test Coverage Impact Analysis
+
+### Current Physics Test Distribution
+- **Total Tests**: 1,128 functions
+- **Physics-Focused**: 316 functions (28.0%)
+- **Core Physics**: 42 functions (3.7% of total)
+- **Instabilities**: 0 functions (0% - CRITICAL GAP)
+
+### Recommended Additions
+- **Instabilities Tests**: +50-80 functions
+- **Conservation Laws**: +15-20 functions  
+- **Parameter Validation**: +10-15 functions
+- **Total Addition**: ~75-115 new physics tests
+
+### Expected Coverage Improvement
+- **Current Coverage**: 77.1%
+- **Instabilities Module**: Expected +8-12% coverage
+- **Physics Validation**: Expected +2-3% coverage
+- **Projected Coverage**: ~87-92% (significant progress toward ≥95% target)
+
+## Summary Assessment
+
+### Strengths ✅
+- **Fundamental Physics**: Core thermal speed, Alfvén speed, and plasma beta formulas correctly implemented
+- **SI Unit System**: Proper internal calculations with appropriate display conversions
+- **Mathematical Consistency**: Energy calculations and basic mass conservation validated
+- **Ion Composition**: Multi-species calculations properly implemented
+
+### Critical Gaps ❌
+- **Instabilities Module**: Complete absence of test coverage for plasma instability physics
+- **Conservation Laws**: Missing comprehensive momentum, energy, and charge conservation validation
+- **Physical Constraints**: Insufficient validation of plasma parameter boundaries and realistic ranges
+- **Dynamic Processes**: No validation of physics conservation across plasma evolution
+
+### Recommendations for Immediate Action
+
+1. **Priority 1**: Create comprehensive test suite for `solarwindpy/instabilities/` module
+2. **Priority 2**: Implement conservation law validation tests
+3. **Priority 3**: Update test data to use realistic solar wind parameter ranges
+4. **Priority 4**: Add gyrofrequency calculations and validation
+
+### Physics Validation Grade: B+ (Strong foundation, critical gaps identified)
+
+The SolarWindPy physics implementation demonstrates excellent adherence to fundamental plasma physics principles with correct formula implementations and proper SI unit handling. However, the absence of instabilities testing and incomplete conservation law validation represent significant gaps that must be addressed for comprehensive physics validation.
+
+---
+
+**Next Phase**: Proceed to Phase 3 - Architecture Compliance with DataFrameArchitect agent for MultiIndex pattern validation.
+
+*Physics Validation Audit completed by PhysicsValidator agent - 2025-08-21*