solarwindpy 0.0.1.dev0__py3-none-any.whl → 0.1.0__py3-none-any.whl

solarwindpy/fitfunctions/plots.py

@@ -0,0 +1,751 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+r"""Plotting utilities for :mod:`solarwindpy.fitfunctions`.
+
+This module contains :class:`FFPlot`, a helper for visualizing fitted
+models, residuals and associated annotations.
+"""
+
+import pdb  # noqa: F401
+import logging  # noqa: F401
+
+import numpy as np
+import matplotlib as mpl
+
+from pathlib import Path
+from collections import namedtuple
+from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
+
+AxesLabels = namedtuple("AxesLabels", "x,y,z", defaults=(None,))
+LogAxes = namedtuple("LogAxes", "x,y", defaults=(False,))
+
+
+class FFPlot(object):
+    def __init__(self, observations, y_fit, TeX_info, fit_result, fitfunction_name=""):
+        """Container for plotting a :class:`~solarwindpy.fitfunctions.FitFunction`.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        observations : :class:`~solarwindpy.fitfunctions.core.Observations`
+            Observed data used in the fit.
+        y_fit : array-like
+            Model evaluated at the observed ``x`` values.
+        TeX_info : :class:`~solarwindpy.fitfunctions.tex_info.TeXinfo`
+            Object describing the fit for annotation.
+        fit_result : scipy.optimize.OptimizeResult
+            Result object returned from the fitting routine.
+        fitfunction_name : str, optional
+            Name of the originating fit function.
+        """
+
+        self.set_observations(observations, y_fit)
+        self.set_TeX_info(TeX_info)
+        self.set_fit_result(fit_result)
+        self.set_fitfunction_name(fitfunction_name)
+        self._log = LogAxes(x=False, y=False)
+        self._labels = AxesLabels("x", "y")
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return self.__class__.__name__
+
+    @property
+    def labels(self):
+        return self._labels
+
+    @property
+    def log(self):
+        return self._log
+
+    @property
+    def observations(self):
+        return self._observations
+
+    @property
+    def fitfunction_name(self):
+        return self._fitfunction_name
+
+    @property
+    def fit_result(self):
+        return self._fit_result
+
+    @property
+    def path(self):
+        base = Path(self.__class__.__name__) / self.fitfunction_name
+
+        try:
+            base /= self.labels.x.path
+        except AttributeError:
+            base /= str(self.labels.x)
+
+        try:
+            base /= self.labels.y.path
+        except AttributeError:
+            base /= str(self.labels.y)
+
+        if self.labels.z is not None:
+            try:
+                base = base / self.labels.z.path
+            except AttributeError:
+                base = base / str(self.labels.z)
+
+        x_scale = "logX" if self.log.x else "linX"
+        y_scale = "logY" if self.log.y else "logY"
+        scale_info = "_".join([x_scale, y_scale])
+
+        path = base / scale_info
+        return path
+
+    @property
+    def TeX_info(self):
+        return self._TeX_info
+
+    @property
+    def y_fit(self):
+        return self._y_fit
+
+    def set_fitfunction_name(self, new):
+        """Set the descriptive name for saved plots."""
+
+        self._fitfunction_name = str(new)
+
+    def set_fit_result(self, new):
+        """Store the optimization result object."""
+
+        self._fit_result = new
+
+    def set_observations(self, observations, y_fit):
+        """Set raw and fitted values used for plotting."""
+
+        assert y_fit.shape == observations.raw.x.shape
+        assert y_fit[observations.tk_observed].shape == observations.used.x.shape
+        self._observations = observations
+        self._y_fit = y_fit
+
+    #         self._robust_residuals = robust_residuals
+
+    def _estimate_markevery(self):
+        """Heuristic marker spacing for large datasets."""
+
+        try:
+            # Estimate marker density for readability
+            markevery = int(
+                10.0 ** (np.floor(np.log10(self.observations.used.x.size) - 1))
+            )
+        except OverflowError:
+            # Or we have a huge number of data points, so lets only
+            # mark a few of them.
+            markevery = 1000
+
+        if not markevery:
+            markevery = None
+
+        return markevery
+
+    def _format_hax(self, ax, with_rax=False):
+        r"""Format the plot axes.
+
+        Format the :py:meth:`plot_bins`, :py:meth:`plot_in_fit`, and
+        :py:meth:`plot_fit` results.
+        """
+        ax.grid(True, which="major", axis="both")
+
+        #         ax.legend(loc=1, framealpha=0)  # loc chosen so annotation text defaults work.
+
+        # Copied from plt.hist. (20161107_0112)
+        x = self.observations.raw.x
+        if x.size:
+            ax.update_datalim([(x[0], 0), (x[-1], 0)], updatey=False)
+
+        ax.set_xlabel(self.labels.x)
+        ax.set_ylabel(self.labels.y)
+        if self.log.x:
+            ax.set_xscale("log")
+        if self.log.y:
+            ax.set_yscale("log")
+
+        #         if with_rax:
+        #             ax.xaxis.get_label().set_visible(False)
+        #             [t.set_visible(False) for t in ax.xaxis.get_ticklabels()]
+
+        ax.label_outer()
+
+    def _format_rax(self, ax, pct):
+        ax.grid(True, which="major", axis="both")
+
+        ax.set_xlabel(self.labels.x)
+        if self.log.x:
+            ax.set_xscale("log", nonpositive="clip")
+
+        if pct:
+            ax.set_ylabel(r"$\mathrm{Residual} \; [\%]$")
+            ax.set_yscale("symlog", linthresh=10)
+            ax.set_ylim(-100, 100)
+
+        else:
+            ax.set_ylabel(r"$\mathrm{Residual} \; [\#]$")
+
+        x = self.observations.raw.x
+        if x.size:
+            ax.update_datalim([(x[0], 0), (x[-1], 0)], updatey=False)
+
+        #         ax.legend(loc=0, framealpha=0, ncol=2)
+
+        ax.label_outer()
+
+        return ax
+
+    def plot_raw(self, ax=None, plot_window=True, edge_kwargs=None, **kwargs):
+        r"""Plot the observations used in the fit from raw data.
+
+        Plot from :py:meth:`self.observations.raw.x`,
+        :py:meth:`self.observations.raw.y`, :py:meth:`self.observations.raw.w`.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        edge_kwargs: None, dict
+            If not None, plot edges on the window using these kwargs.
+        """
+        if ax is None:
+            fig, ax = plt.subplots()
+
+        window_kwargs = kwargs.pop("window_kwargs", dict())
+
+        kwargs = mpl.cbook.normalize_kwargs(kwargs, mpl.lines.Line2D._alias_map)
+        color = kwargs.pop("color", "k")
+        label = kwargs.pop("label", r"$\mathrm{Obs}$")
+
+        x = self.observations.raw.x
+        y = self.observations.raw.y
+        w = self.observations.raw.w
+        #         if self.log.y and w is not None:
+        #             w = w / (y * np.log(10.0))
+        #             w = np.log10(np.exp(1)) * w / y
+
+        #         # Plot the raw data histograms.
+        #         plotline, caplines, barlines = ax.errorbar(
+        #             x, y, yerr=w, label=label, color=color, **kwargs
+        #         )
+
+        def _plot_window_edges(ax, **kwargs):
+            kwargs = mpl.cbook.normalize_kwargs(
+                kwargs, mpl.collections.Collection._alias_map
+            )
+
+            edge1 = ax.plot(x, y1, **kwargs)
+            edge2 = ax.plot(x, y2, **kwargs)
+
+            return edge1, edge2
+
+        if plot_window:
+            if w is None:
+                logging.getLogger().warning(
+                    "No weights. Need weights to plot a window for FitFunction. Setting w to 0."
+                )
+                w = 0
+
+            window_kwargs = mpl.cbook.normalize_kwargs(
+                window_kwargs, mpl.collections.Collection._alias_map
+            )
+            window_color = window_kwargs.pop("color", color)
+            window_alpha = window_kwargs.pop("alpha", 0.15)
+
+            line = ax.plot(x, y, label=label, color=color, **kwargs)
+
+            y1 = y - w
+            y2 = y + w
+            window = ax.fill_between(
+                x,
+                y1,
+                y2,
+                color=window_color,
+                alpha=window_alpha,
+                **window_kwargs,
+            )
+
+            edges = None
+            if edge_kwargs is not None:
+                edge_kwargs = mpl.cbook.normalize_kwargs(
+                    edge_kwargs, mpl.collections.Collection._alias_map
+                )
+                edge_color = edge_kwargs.pop("color", window_color)
+                edges = _plot_window_edges(ax, color=edge_color, **edge_kwargs)
+
+            plotted = (line, window, edges)
+
+        else:
+            # Plot the raw data histograms.
+            plotted = ax.errorbar(
+                x,
+                y,
+                yerr=w,
+                label=label,
+                color=color,
+                **kwargs,
+            )
+
+        self._format_hax(ax)
+
+        return ax, plotted
+
+    def plot_used(self, ax=None, plot_window=True, edge_kwargs=None, **kwargs):
+        r"""Plot the observations used in the fit from used data.
+
+        Plot from :py:meth:`self.observations.used.x`,
+        :py:meth:`self.observations.used.y`, and :py:meth:`self.observations.used.w`.
+        """
+        if ax is None:
+            fig, ax = plt.subplots()
+
+        window_kwargs = kwargs.pop("window_kwargs", dict())
+
+        kwargs = mpl.cbook.normalize_kwargs(kwargs, mpl.lines.Line2D._alias_map)
+        color = kwargs.pop("color", "forestgreen")
+        marker = kwargs.pop("marker", "P")
+        markerfacecolor = kwargs.pop("markerfacecolor", "none")
+        markersize = kwargs.pop("markersize", 8)
+        markevery = kwargs.pop("markevery", None)
+        label = kwargs.pop("label", r"$\mathrm{Used}$")
+
+        x = self.observations.used.x
+        y = self.observations.used.y
+        w = self.observations.used.w
+        #         if self.log.y and w is not None:
+        #             w = w / (y * np.log(10.0))
+        #             w = np.log10(np.exp(1)) * w / y
+
+        if markevery is None:
+            markevery = self._estimate_markevery()
+
+        if plot_window:
+            if w is None:
+                logging.getLogger().warning(
+                    "No weights. Need weights to plot a window for FitFunction. Setting w to 0."
+                )
+                w = 0
+
+            window_kwargs = mpl.cbook.normalize_kwargs(
+                window_kwargs, mpl.collections.Collection._alias_map
+            )
+            window_color = window_kwargs.pop("color", color)
+            window_alpha = window_kwargs.pop("alpha", 0.15)
+
+            line = ax.plot(
+                x,
+                y,
+                label=label,
+                color=color,
+                marker=marker,
+                markerfacecolor=markerfacecolor,
+                markersize=markersize,
+                markevery=markevery,
+                **kwargs,
+            )
+
+            y1 = y - w
+            y2 = y + w
+            window = ax.fill_between(
+                x,
+                y1,
+                y2,
+                color=window_color,
+                alpha=window_alpha,
+                **window_kwargs,
+            )
+
+            edges = None
+            if edge_kwargs is not None:
+
+                def _plot_window_edges(ax, **kwargs):
+                    kwargs = mpl.cbook.normalize_kwargs(
+                        kwargs, mpl.collections.Collection._alias_map
+                    )
+
+                    edge1 = ax.plot(x, y1, **kwargs)
+                    edge2 = ax.plot(x, y2, **kwargs)
+
+                    return edge1, edge2
+
+                edge_kwargs = mpl.cbook.normalize_kwargs(
+                    edge_kwargs, mpl.collections.Collection._alias_map
+                )
+                edge_color = edge_kwargs.pop("color", window_color)
+                edges = _plot_window_edges(ax, color=edge_color, **edge_kwargs)
+            #                 edge_kwargs = mpl.cbook.normalize_kwargs(edge_kwargs, mpl.collections.Collection._alias_map)
+
+            #                 edge1 = ax.plot(x, y1,
+            #                                 color=window_color,
+            #                                 **edge_kwargs)
+            #                 edge2 = ax.plot(x, y2,
+            #                                 color=window_color,
+            #                                 **edge_kwargs)
+
+            #                 edges = (edge1, edge2)
+
+            plotted = (line, window, edges)
+
+        else:
+            # Plot the raw data histograms.
+            plotted = ax.errorbar(
+                x,
+                y,
+                yerr=w,
+                label=label,
+                color=color,
+                marker=marker,
+                markerfacecolor=markerfacecolor,
+                markersize=markersize,
+                markevery=markevery,
+                **kwargs,
+            )
+
+        self._format_hax(ax)
+
+        return ax, plotted
+
+    def plot_fit(self, ax=None, annotate=True, annotate_kwargs=None, **kwargs):
+        r"""Plot the fit."""
+        if ax is None:
+            fig, ax = plt.subplots()
+
+        if annotate_kwargs is None:
+            annotate_kwargs = {}
+
+        kwargs = mpl.cbook.normalize_kwargs(kwargs, mpl.lines.Line2D._alias_map)
+        color = kwargs.pop("color", "darkorange")
+        label = kwargs.pop("label", r"$\mathrm{Fit}$")
+        linestyle = kwargs.pop("linestyle", (0, (7, 3, 1, 3, 1, 3, 1, 3)))
+        #         zorder = kwargs.pop("zorder", 2.005) # Ensure it's the top line
+
+        # Overplot the fit.
+        ax.plot(
+            self.observations.raw.x,
+            self.y_fit,
+            label=label,
+            color=color,
+            linestyle=linestyle,
+            #             zorder=zorder,
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+
+        if annotate:
+            self.TeX_info.annotate_info(ax, **annotate_kwargs)
+        #             self.annotate_TeX_info(ax, **annotate_kwargs)
+
+        self._format_hax(ax)
+
+        return ax
+
+    def plot_raw_used_fit(
+        self,
+        ax=None,
+        drawstyle=None,
+        annotate=True,
+        raw_kwargs=None,
+        used_kwargs=None,
+        fit_kwargs=None,
+        annotate_kwargs=None,
+    ):
+        r"""Make a plot of the raw observations, observations in fit, and the fit.
+
+        Combines the outputs of :py:meth:`self.plot_raw`, :py:meth:`self.plot_used`,
+        and :py:meth:`self.plot_fit`.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        ax: None, mpl.Axes.axis_subplot
+
+        drawstyle: str, None
+            `mpl` `drawstyle`, shared by :py:meth:`self.plot_raw` and :py:meth:`self.plot_used`.
+            If None, defaults to "steps-mid".
+        annotate: True
+            If True, add fit info to the annotation using ax.text.
+        raw_kwargs: dict
+            Passed to `ax.plot(**kwargs)` in :py:meth:`self.plot_raw`.
+        used_kwargs: dict
+            Passed to `ax.plot(**kwargs)` in :py:meth:`self.plot_used`.
+        fit_kwargs: dict
+            Passed to `ax.plot(**fit_kwargs)` for plotting fit.
+        annotate_kwargs:
+            Passed to `ax.text`.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        ax: mpl.Axes.axis_subplot
+        """
+
+        if ax is None:
+            fig, ax = plt.subplots()
+
+        if raw_kwargs is None:
+            raw_kwargs = (
+                dict()
+            )  # dict(color="darkgreen", markerfacecolor="none", marker="P")
+
+        if used_kwargs is None:
+            used_kwargs = dict()  # dict(color="k")
+
+        if fit_kwargs is None:
+            #             fit_kwargs = dict()  # dict(color="darkorange")
+            fit_kwargs = dict(zorder=2.2)
+
+        if drawstyle is None:
+            drawstyle = "steps-mid"
+
+        self.plot_raw(ax=ax, drawstyle=drawstyle, **raw_kwargs)
+        self.plot_used(ax=ax, drawstyle=drawstyle, **used_kwargs)
+        self.plot_fit(
+            ax=ax, annotate=annotate, annotate_kwargs=annotate_kwargs, **fit_kwargs
+        )
+
+        ax.legend(loc=1, framealpha=0)  # loc chosen so annotation text defaults work.
+
+        #         # Copied from plt.hist. (20161107_0112)
+        #         ax.update_datalim(
+        #             [(self.observations.raw.x[0], 0), (self.observations.raw.x[-1], 0)], updatey=False
+        #         )
+
+        self._format_hax(ax)
+
+        return ax
+
+    def plot_residuals(
+        self, ax=None, pct=True, subplots_kwargs=None, kind="both", **kwargs
+    ):
+        r"""Plot residuals for the data used in the fit.
+
+        Residuals are shown on a symlog scale with ``linthresh=10``. By default
+        they are expressed as percentages of the fitted model.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        ax : mpl.axes.Axes, optional
+            Axis to draw on. If ``None`` a new figure and axis are created.
+        pct : bool, default True
+            If ``True``, show residuals as percentages.
+        subplots_kwargs : dict, optional
+            Passed to ``plt.subplots`` when ``ax`` is ``None``.
+        kind : {'simple', 'robust', 'both'}, default "both"
+            Which residuals to plot.
+        **kwargs
+            Additional keyword arguments passed to ``ax.plot``.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        ax : mpl.axes.Axes
+            Axis with residuals plotted.
+        """
+
+        if subplots_kwargs is None:
+            subplots_kwargs = {}
+
+        if ax is None:
+            fig, ax = plt.subplots(**subplots_kwargs)
+
+        kwargs = mpl.cbook.normalize_kwargs(kwargs, mpl.lines.Line2D._alias_map)
+        drawstyle = kwargs.pop("drawstyle", "steps-mid")
+        #         color = kwargs.pop("color", "darkgreen")
+        #         marker = kwargs.pop("marker", "P")
+        markerfacecolor = kwargs.pop("markerfacecolor", "none")
+        markersize = kwargs.pop("markersize", 8)
+        markevery = kwargs.pop("markevery", None)
+        label = kwargs.pop("label", r"").strip("$")
+        kind = kind.lower()
+
+        if markevery is None:
+            markevery = self._estimate_markevery()
+
+        if kind in ("simple", "robust"):
+            residuals = self.residuals(
+                pct=pct, robust=True if kind == "robust" else False
+            )
+
+            color = kwargs.pop("color", "forestgreen")
+            marker = kwargs.pop("marker", "P")
+            linestyle = kwargs.pop("linestyle", "-")
+
+            # Handle empty label case to preserve spacing
+            if not label:
+                label = r" \; %s" % kind.title()
+                label = r"$\mathrm{%s}$" % label
+            else:
+                label = r" \; ".join([label, kind.title()]).lstrip(r" \; ")
+                label = r"$\mathrm{%s}$" % label
+            #             label = (r"$\mathrm{%s \; %s}$" % (label, kind.title()).replace(" \; ", "")
+
+            ax.plot(
+                self.observations.used.x,
+                residuals,
+                label=label,
+                drawstyle=drawstyle,
+                color=color,
+                marker=marker,
+                linestyle=linestyle,
+                markerfacecolor=markerfacecolor,
+                markersize=markersize,
+                markevery=markevery,
+                **kwargs,
+            )
+
+        elif kind == "both":
+            # Handle label formatting to preserve spacing correctly
+            simple_label = r"$\mathrm{ \; Simple}$" if not label else r"$\mathrm{%s \; Simple}$" % label
+            robust_label = r"$\mathrm{ \; Robust}$" if not label else r"$\mathrm{%s \; Robust}$" % label
+
+            ax.plot(
+                self.observations.used.x,
+                self.residuals(pct=pct, robust=False),
+                label=simple_label,
+                drawstyle=drawstyle,
+                color="forestgreen",
+                marker="P",
+                linestyle="-",
+                markerfacecolor=markerfacecolor,
+                markersize=markersize,
+                markevery=markevery,
+                **kwargs,
+            )
+
+            try:
+                r = self.residuals(pct=pct, robust=True)
+                ax.plot(
+                    self.observations.used.x,
+                    r,
+                    label=robust_label,
+                    drawstyle=drawstyle,
+                    color="darkorange",
+                    marker="X",
+                    linestyle="-",
+                    markerfacecolor=markerfacecolor,
+                    markersize=markersize,
+                    markevery=markevery,
+                    **kwargs,
+                )
+            except AttributeError as e:
+                if "NoneType" in str(e):
+                    pass
+
+        self._format_rax(ax, pct)
+        return ax
+
+    def plot_raw_used_fit_resid(
+        self,
+        annotate=True,
+        fit_resid_axes=None,
+        figsize=(6, 4),
+        resid_kwargs=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        """Make a stacked fit, residual plot.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        annotate: bool
+            If True, add fit annotation to axis.
+        fit_resid_axes: None, 2-tuple of mpl.axis.Axis
+            If not None, (fit, resid) axis pair to plot the (raw, used, fit)
+            and residual on, respectively. Otherwise, use `GridSpec` to build
+            a pair of axes where the `raw_used_fit` axis is 3 times the `resid_axis`.
+            Additionally, if `fit_resid_axes` is None, the `hax` and `rax` will share
+            an x-axis and `hax`'s x-ticks and label will be set invisible.
+        figsize:
+            Any valid argument for :py:meth:`plt.figure(figsize=figsize)`. This code
+            was developed with default size 6x4 and this size helps accomodate annotation.
+            So we persist it here.
+        resid_kwargs: dict, None
+            Passed to :py:meth:`{self.__class__.__name__}.plot_residuals`.
+        kwargs:
+            Passed to :py:meth:`{self.__class__.__name__}.plot_raw_used_fit`.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        hax: mpl.axis.Axis
+            Axis with raw observations, used observations, and fit plotted on it.
+        rax: mpl.axis.Axis
+            Axis with residuals plotted on it.
+        """
+
+        if fit_resid_axes is not None:
+            hax, rax = fit_resid_axes
+
+        else:
+            fig = plt.figure(figsize=figsize)
+            gs = mpl.gridspec.GridSpec(2, 1, height_ratios=[3, 1], hspace=0.1)
+            # sharex in this code requires that I pass the axis object with which the x-axis is being shared.
+            # Source for sharex option: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/22511550/gridspec-with-shared-axes-in-python
+            rax = fig.add_subplot(gs[1])
+            hax = fig.add_subplot(gs[0], sharex=rax)
+
+        if resid_kwargs is None:
+            resid_kwargs = dict()
+
+        resid_pct = resid_kwargs.pop("resid_pct", True)
+
+        self.plot_raw_used_fit(ax=hax, annotate=annotate, **kwargs)
+        self.plot_residuals(ax=rax, pct=resid_pct, **resid_kwargs)
+
+        #         if fit_resid_axes is None:
+        hax.xaxis.get_label().set_visible(False)
+        [t.set_visible(False) for t in hax.xaxis.get_ticklabels()]
+
+        return hax, rax
+
+    def residuals(self, pct=False, robust=False):
+        r"""Calculate the fit residuals.
+
+        If pct, normalize by fit yvalues.
+        """
+
+        y_fit_used = self.y_fit[self.observations.tk_observed]
+
+        if robust:
+            r = self.fit_result.fun
+        else:
+            r = y_fit_used - self.observations.used.y
+
+        if pct:
+            r = 100.0 * (r / y_fit_used)
+
+        return r
+
+    #     def robust_residuals(self, pct=False):
+    #         r"""Return the fit residuals.
+    #         If pct, normalize by fit yvalues.
+    #         """
+    #         r = self._robust_residuals
+    #
+    #         if pct:
+    #             y_fit_used = self.y_fit[self.observations.tk_observed]
+    #             r = 100.0 * (r / y_fit_used)
+    #
+    #         return r
+
+    def set_labels(self, **kwargs):
+        r"""Set or update x, y, or z labels.
+
+        Any label not specified in kwargs is propagated from `self.labels.<x, y, or z>`.
+        """
+
+        x = kwargs.pop("x", self.labels.x)
+        y = kwargs.pop("y", self.labels.y)
+        z = kwargs.pop("z", self.labels.z)
+
+        if len(kwargs.keys()):
+            extra = "\n".join([f"{k}: {v}" for k, v in kwargs.items()])
+            raise KeyError(f"Unexpected kwarg\n{extra}")
+
+        self._labels = AxesLabels(x, y, z)
+
+    def set_log(self, **kwargs):
+        r"""Set :py:class:`LogAxes`.
+
+        Only used for determining if weights should be :math:`w/(y \ln(10))`.
+        """
+        log = self._log._asdict()
+        for k, v in kwargs.items():
+            log[k] = v
+
+        self._log = LogAxes(**log)
+
+    def set_TeX_info(self, new):
+        """Assign :class:`TeXinfo` used for annotations."""
+
+        self._TeX_info = new