passagemath-modules 10.6.31rc3__cp314-cp314-musllinux_1_2_aarch64.whl

sage/coding/delsarte_bounds.py

@@ -0,0 +1,709 @@
+# sage_setup: distribution = sagemath-modules
+# sage.doctest: needs sage.numerical.mip
+r"""
+Delsarte (or linear programming) bounds
+
+This module provides LP upper bounds for the parameters of codes, introduced in
+by P. Delsarte in [De1973]_.
+
+The exact LP solver PPL is used by default, ensuring that no
+rounding/overflow problems occur.
+
+AUTHORS:
+
+- Dmitrii V. (Dima) Pasechnik (2012-10): initial implementation
+
+- Dmitrii V. (Dima) Pasechnik (2015, 2021): minor fixes
+
+- Charalampos Kokkalis (2021): Eberlein polynomials, general Q matrix codes
+"""
+# ****************************************************************************
+#       Copyright (C) 2012, 2021 Dima Pasechnik <dimpase@gmail.com>
+#       Copyright (C) 2021 Charalampos Kokkalis
+#
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#                  https://www.gnu.org/licenses/
+# ****************************************************************************
+
+
+def krawtchouk(n, q, l, x, check=True):
+    r"""
+    Compute `K^{n,q}_l(x)`, the Krawtchouk (a.k.a. Kravchuk) polynomial.
+
+    See :wikipedia:`Kravchuk_polynomials`.
+
+    It is defined by the generating function
+
+    .. MATH::
+
+        (1+(q-1)z)^{n-x}(1-z)^x=\sum_{l} K^{n,q}_l(x)z^l
+
+    and is equal to
+
+    .. MATH::
+
+        K^{n,q}_l(x)=\sum_{j=0}^l (-1)^j (q-1)^{(l-j)} \binom{x}{j} \binom{n-x}{l-j}.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``n``, ``q``, ``x`` -- arbitrary numbers
+
+    - ``l`` -- nonnegative integer
+
+    - ``check`` -- check the input for correctness. ``True`` by
+      default. Otherwise, pass it as it is. Use ``check=False`` at
+      your own risk.
+
+    .. SEEALSO::
+
+        :class:`Symbolic Krawtchouk polynomials
+        <sage.functions.orthogonal_polys.Func_krawtchouk>` `\tilde{K}_l(x; n, p)`
+        which are related by
+
+        .. MATH::
+
+            (-q)^l K^{n,q^{-1}}_l(x) = \tilde{K}_l(x; n, 1-q).
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: codes.bounds.krawtchouk(24,2,5,4)
+        2224
+        sage: codes.bounds.krawtchouk(12300,4,5,6)
+        567785569973042442072
+
+    TESTS:
+
+    Check that the bug reported on :issue:`19561` is fixed::
+
+        sage: codes.bounds.krawtchouk(3,2,3,3)
+        -1
+        sage: codes.bounds.krawtchouk(int(3),int(2),int(3),int(3))
+        -1
+        sage: codes.bounds.krawtchouk(int(3),int(2),int(3),int(3),check=False)
+        -1.0
+        sage: codes.bounds.krawtchouk(24,2,5,4)
+        2224
+
+    Other unusual inputs::
+
+        sage: codes.bounds.krawtchouk(sqrt(5),1-I*sqrt(3),3,55.3).n()                   # needs sage.symbolic
+        211295.892797... + 1186.42763...*I
+        sage: codes.bounds.krawtchouk(-5/2,7*I,3,-1/10)                                 # needs sage.symbolic
+        480053/250*I - 357231/400
+        sage: codes.bounds.krawtchouk(1,1,-1,1)
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        ValueError: l must be a nonnegative integer
+        sage: codes.bounds.krawtchouk(1,1,3/2,1)
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        TypeError: no conversion of this rational to integer
+    """
+    from sage.arith.misc import binomial
+    from sage.arith.srange import srange
+    # Use the expression in equation (55) of MacWilliams & Sloane, pg 151
+    # We write jth term = some_factor * (j-1)th term
+    if check:
+        from sage.rings.integer_ring import ZZ
+        l0 = ZZ(l)
+        if l0 != l or l0 < 0:
+            raise ValueError('l must be a nonnegative integer')
+        l = l0
+    kraw = jth_term = (q-1)**l * binomial(n, l)  # j=0
+    for j in srange(1, l+1):
+        jth_term *= -q*(l-j+1)*(x-j+1)/((q-1)*j*(n-j+1))
+        kraw += jth_term
+    return kraw
+
+
+def eberlein(n, w, k, u, check=True):
+    r"""
+    Compute `E^{w,n}_k(x)`, the Eberlein polynomial.
+
+    See :wikipedia:`Eberlein_polynomials`.
+
+    It is defined as:
+
+    .. MATH::
+
+        E^{w,n}_k(u)=\sum_{j=0}^k (-1)^j \binom{u}{j} \binom{w-u}{k-j}
+        \binom{n-w-u}{k-j},
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``w``, ``k``, ``x`` -- arbitrary numbers
+
+    - ``n`` -- nonnegative integer
+
+    - ``check`` -- check the input for correctness. ``True`` by
+      default. Otherwise, pass it as it is. Use ``check=False`` at
+      your own risk.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: codes.bounds.eberlein(24,10,2,6)
+        -9
+
+    TESTS:
+
+    check normal inputs (various formats for arguments) ::
+
+        sage: codes.bounds.eberlein(24,10,2,6)
+        -9
+        sage: codes.bounds.eberlein(int(24),int(10),int(2),int(6))
+        -9
+        sage: codes.bounds.eberlein(int(24),int(10),int(2),int(6),check=False)
+        -9
+
+    unusual inputs ::
+
+        sage: codes.bounds.eberlein(-1,1,1,1)
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        ValueError: l must be a nonnegative integer
+        sage: codes.bounds.eberlein(1,1,3/2,1)
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        TypeError: either m or x-m must be an integer
+    """
+    from sage.arith.misc import binomial
+    from sage.arith.srange import srange
+
+    if 2 * w > n:
+        return eberlein(n, n - w, k, u)
+
+    if check:
+        from sage.rings.integer_ring import ZZ
+        n0 = ZZ(n)
+        if n0 != n or n0 < 0:
+            raise ValueError('l must be a nonnegative integer')
+        n = n0
+
+    return sum([(-1)**j*binomial(u, j)*binomial(w-u, k-j)*binomial(n-w-u, k-j)
+                for j in srange(k + 1)])
+
+
+def _delsarte_LP_building(n, d, d_star, q, isinteger, solver, maxc=0):
+    r"""
+    LP builder - common for the two functions; not exported.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.coding.delsarte_bounds import _delsarte_LP_building
+        sage: _,p=_delsarte_LP_building(7, 3, 0, 2, False, "PPL")
+        sage: p.show()
+        Maximization:
+          x_0 + x_1 + x_2 + x_3 + x_4 + x_5 + x_6 + x_7
+        Constraints:
+          constraint_0: 1 <= x_0 <= 1
+          constraint_1: 0 <= x_1 <= 0
+          constraint_2: 0 <= x_2 <= 0
+          constraint_3: -7 x_0 - 5 x_1 - 3 x_2 - x_3 + x_4 + 3 x_5 + 5 x_6 + 7 x_7 <= 0
+          ...
+          constraint_9: - x_0 + x_1 - x_2 + x_3 - x_4 + x_5 - x_6 + x_7 <= 0
+        Variables:
+          x_0 is a continuous variable (min=0, max=+oo)
+          ...
+          x_7 is a continuous variable (min=0, max=+oo)
+    """
+    from sage.numerical.mip import MixedIntegerLinearProgram
+
+    p = MixedIntegerLinearProgram(maximization=True, solver=solver)
+    A = p.new_variable(integer=isinteger, nonnegative=True)
+    p.set_objective(p.sum([A[r] for r in range(n + 1)]))
+    p.add_constraint(A[0] == 1)
+    for i in range(1, d):
+        p.add_constraint(A[i] == 0)
+    for j in range(1, n + 1):
+        rhs = p.sum([krawtchouk(n, q, j, r, check=False) * A[r]
+                   for r in range(n + 1)])
+        if j >= d_star:
+            p.add_constraint(0 <= rhs)
+        else:  # rhs is proportional to j-th weight of the dual code
+            p.add_constraint(0 == rhs)
+
+    if maxc > 0:
+        p.add_constraint(p.sum([A[r] for r in range(n + 1)]), max=maxc)
+    return A, p
+
+
+def _delsarte_cwc_LP_building(n, d, w, solver, isinteger):
+    r"""
+    LP builder for Delsarte's LP for constant weight codes.
+
+    It is used in :func:`delsarte_bound_constant_weight_code`; not exported.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``n`` -- the code length
+
+    - ``w`` -- the weight of the code
+
+    - ``d`` -- the (lower bound on) minimal distance of the code
+
+    - ``solver`` -- the LP/ILP solver to be used. Defaults to
+      ``PPL``. It is arbitrary precision, thus there will be no
+      rounding errors. With other solvers (see
+      :class:`MixedIntegerLinearProgram` for the list), you are on
+      your own!
+
+    - ``isinteger`` -- if ``True``, uses an integer programming solver
+      (ILP), rather that an LP solver. Can be very slow if set to
+      ``True``.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.coding.delsarte_bounds import _delsarte_cwc_LP_building
+        sage: _,p=_delsarte_cwc_LP_building(17, 4, 3, "PPL", False)
+        sage: p.show()
+        Maximization:
+          x_0 + x_1 + 1
+        Constraints:
+          constraint_0: -1 <= 4/21 x_0 - 3/14 x_1
+          constraint_1: -1 <= -23/273 x_0 + 3/91 x_1
+          constraint_2: -1 <= 1/91 x_0 - 1/364 x_1
+        Variables:
+          x_0 is a continuous variable (min=0, max=+oo)
+          x_1 is a continuous variable (min=0, max=+oo)
+    """
+    from sage.arith.misc import binomial
+    from sage.numerical.mip import MixedIntegerLinearProgram
+
+    p = MixedIntegerLinearProgram(maximization=True, solver=solver)
+    A = p.new_variable(integer=isinteger, nonnegative=True)
+    p.set_objective(p.sum([A[2*r] for r in range(d//2, w+1)]) + 1)
+
+    def _q(k, i):
+        mu_i = 1
+        v_i = binomial(w, i)*binomial(n-w, i)
+        return mu_i*eberlein(n, w, i, k)/v_i
+
+    for k in range(1, w+1):
+        p.add_constraint(p.sum([A[2*i]*_q(k, i) for i in range(d//2, w+1)]),
+                         min=-1)
+
+    return A, p
+
+
+def delsarte_bound_constant_weight_code(n, d, w, return_data=False,
+                                        solver='PPL', isinteger=False):
+    r"""
+    Find the Delsarte bound on a constant weight code.
+
+    Find the Delsarte bound on a constant weight code of weight ``w``, length
+    ``n``, lower bound on minimal distance ``d``.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``n`` -- the code length
+
+    - ``d`` -- the (lower bound on) minimal distance of the code
+
+    - ``w`` -- the weight of the code
+
+    - ``return_data`` -- if ``True``, return a triple
+      ``(W,LP,bound)``, where ``W`` is a weights vector, and ``LP``
+      the Delsarte upper bound LP; both of them are Sage LP data.
+      ``W`` need not be a weight distribution of a code.
+
+    - ``solver`` -- the LP/ILP solver to be used. Defaults to
+      ``PPL``. It is arbitrary precision, thus there will be no
+      rounding errors. With other solvers (see
+      :class:`MixedIntegerLinearProgram` for the list), you are on
+      your own!
+
+    - ``isinteger`` -- if ``True``, uses an integer programming solver
+      (ILP), rather that an LP solver. Can be very slow if set to
+      ``True``.
+
+    EXAMPLES:
+
+    The bound on the size of codes of length 17, weight 3, and minimal distance 4::
+
+       sage: codes.bounds.delsarte_bound_constant_weight_code(17, 4, 3)
+       45
+       sage: a, p, val = codes.bounds.delsarte_bound_constant_weight_code(17, 4, 3, return_data=True)
+       sage: [j for i,j in p.get_values(a).items()]
+       [21, 70/3]
+
+    The stricter bound (using ILP) on codes of length 17, weight 3, and minimal
+    distance 4::
+
+       sage: codes.bounds.delsarte_bound_constant_weight_code(17, 4, 3, isinteger=True)
+       43
+    """
+    from sage.numerical.mip import MIPSolverException
+
+    if d < 4:
+        raise ValueError("Violated constraint d>=4 for "
+                         "Binary Constant Weight Codes")
+
+    if d >= 2*w or 2*w > n:
+        raise ValueError("Violated constraint d<2w<=n for "
+                         "Binary Constant Weight Codes")
+
+    # minimum distance is even => if there is an odd lower bound on d we can
+    # increase it by 1
+    if d % 2:
+        d += 1
+
+    A, p = _delsarte_cwc_LP_building(n, d, w, solver, isinteger)
+    try:
+        bd = p.solve()
+    except MIPSolverException as exc:
+        print(f"Solver exception: {exc}")
+        return (A, p, False) if return_data else False
+
+    return (A, p, bd) if return_data else int(bd)
+
+
+def delsarte_bound_hamming_space(n, d, q, return_data=False,
+                                 solver='PPL', isinteger=False):
+    r"""
+    Find the Delsarte bound on codes in ``H_q^n`` of minimal distance ``d``.
+
+    Find the Delsarte bound [De1973]_ on the size of codes in
+    the Hamming space ``H_q^n`` of minimal distance ``d``.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``n`` -- the code length
+
+    - ``d`` -- the (lower bound on) minimal distance of the code
+
+    - ``q`` -- the size of the alphabet
+
+    - ``return_data`` -- if ``True``, return a triple
+      ``(W,LP,bound)``, where ``W`` is a weights vector, and ``LP``
+      the Delsarte upper bound LP; both of them are Sage LP data.
+      ``W`` need not be a weight distribution of a code.
+
+    - ``solver`` -- the LP/ILP solver to be used. Defaults to
+      ``PPL``. It is arbitrary precision, thus there will be no
+      rounding errors. With other solvers (see
+      :class:`MixedIntegerLinearProgram` for the list), you are on
+      your own!
+
+    - ``isinteger`` -- if ``True``, uses an integer programming solver
+      (ILP), rather that an LP solver. Can be very slow if set to
+      ``True``.
+
+    EXAMPLES:
+
+    The bound on the size of the `\GF{2}`-codes of length 11 and minimal distance 6::
+
+       sage: codes.bounds.delsarte_bound_hamming_space(11, 6, 2)
+       12
+       sage: a, p, val = codes.bounds.delsarte_bound_hamming_space(11, 6, 2, return_data=True)
+       sage: [j for i,j in p.get_values(a).items()]
+       [1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
+
+    The bound on the size of the `\GF{2}`-codes of length 24 and minimal distance
+    8, i.e. parameters of the extended binary Golay code::
+
+       sage: a,p,x = codes.bounds.delsarte_bound_hamming_space(24,8,2,return_data=True)
+       sage: x
+       4096
+       sage: [j for i,j in p.get_values(a).items()]
+       [1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 759, 0, 0, 0, 2576, 0, 0, 0, 759, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1]
+
+    The bound on the size of `\GF{4}`-codes of length 11 and minimal distance 3::
+
+       sage: codes.bounds.delsarte_bound_hamming_space(11,3,4)
+       327680/3
+
+    An improvement of a known upper bound (150) from https://www.win.tue.nl/~aeb/codes/binary-1.html ::
+
+       sage: a,p,x = codes.bounds.delsarte_bound_hamming_space(23,10,2,return_data=True,isinteger=True); x # long time
+       148
+       sage: [j for i,j in p.get_values(a).items()]                                      # long time
+       [1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 95, 0, 2, 0, 36, 0, 14, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
+
+    Note that a usual LP, without integer variables, won't do the trick ::
+
+       sage: codes.bounds.delsarte_bound_hamming_space(23,10,2).n(20)
+       151.86
+
+    Such an input is invalid::
+
+       sage: codes.bounds.delsarte_bound_hamming_space(11,3,-4)
+       Solver exception: PPL : There is no feasible solution
+       False
+    """
+    from sage.numerical.mip import MIPSolverException
+    A, p = _delsarte_LP_building(n, d, 0, q, isinteger, solver)
+    try:
+        bd = p.solve()
+    except MIPSolverException as exc:
+        print(f"Solver exception: {exc}")
+        return (A, p, False) if return_data else False
+
+    return (A, p, bd) if return_data else bd
+
+
+def delsarte_bound_additive_hamming_space(n, d, q, d_star=1, q_base=0, return_data=False,
+                                          solver='PPL', isinteger=False):
+    r"""
+    Find a modified Delsarte bound on additive codes in Hamming space `H_q^n` of minimal distance `d`.
+
+    Find the Delsarte LP bound on ``F_{q_base}``-dimension of additive
+    codes in Hamming space `H_q^n` of minimal distance ``d`` with
+    minimal distance of the dual code at least ``d_star``.  If
+    ``q_base`` is set to nonzero, then ``q`` is a power of
+    ``q_base``, and the code is, formally, linear over
+    ``F_{q_base}``. Otherwise it is assumed that ``q_base==q``.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``n`` -- the code length
+
+    - ``d`` -- the (lower bound on) minimal distance of the code
+
+    - ``q`` -- the size of the alphabet
+
+    - ``d_star`` -- the (lower bound on) minimal distance of the dual code;
+      only makes sense for additive codes
+
+    - ``q_base`` -- if ``0``, the code is assumed to be linear. Otherwise,
+      ``q=q_base^m`` and the code is linear over ``F_{q_base}``
+
+    - ``return_data`` -- if ``True``, return a triple ``(W,LP,bound)``,
+      where ``W`` is a weights vector, and ``LP`` the Delsarte bound
+      LP; both of them are Sage LP data.  ``W`` need not be a weight
+      distribution of a code, or, if ``isinteger==False``, even have
+      integer entries.
+
+    - ``solver`` -- the LP/ILP solver to be used. Defaults to ``'PPL'``. It is
+      arbitrary precision, thus there will be no rounding errors. With
+      other solvers (see :class:`MixedIntegerLinearProgram` for the
+      list), you are on your own!
+
+    - ``isinteger`` -- if ``True``, uses an integer programming solver (ILP),
+      rather that an LP solver (can be very slow if set to ``True``)
+
+    EXAMPLES:
+
+    The bound on dimension of linear `\GF{2}`-codes of length 11 and minimal distance 6::
+
+        sage: codes.bounds.delsarte_bound_additive_hamming_space(11, 6, 2)
+        3
+        sage: a,p,val = codes.bounds.delsarte_bound_additive_hamming_space(\
+        ....:                11, 6, 2, return_data=True)
+        sage: [j for i,j in p.get_values(a).items()]
+        [1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0]
+
+    The bound on the dimension of linear `\GF{4}`-codes of length 11 and minimal distance 3::
+
+        sage: codes.bounds.delsarte_bound_additive_hamming_space(11,3,4)
+        8
+
+    The bound on the `\GF{2}`-dimension of additive `\GF{4}`-codes of length 11 and minimal
+    distance 3::
+
+        sage: codes.bounds.delsarte_bound_additive_hamming_space(11,3,4,q_base=2)
+        16
+
+    Such a ``d_star`` is not possible::
+
+        sage: codes.bounds.delsarte_bound_additive_hamming_space(11,3,4,d_star=9)
+        Solver exception: PPL : There is no feasible solution
+        False
+
+    TESTS::
+
+        sage: a,p,x = codes.bounds.delsarte_bound_additive_hamming_space(\
+        ....:            19,15,7,return_data=True,isinteger=True)
+        sage: [j for i,j in p.get_values(a).items()]
+        [1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 307, 0, 0, 1, 34]
+        sage: codes.bounds.delsarte_bound_additive_hamming_space(19,15,7,solver='glpk')
+        3
+        sage: codes.bounds.delsarte_bound_additive_hamming_space(\
+        ....:    19,15,7, isinteger=True, solver='glpk')
+        3
+    """
+    from sage.numerical.mip import MIPSolverException
+    if q_base == 0:
+        q_base = q
+
+    kk = 0
+    while q_base**kk < q:
+        kk += 1
+
+    if q_base**kk != q:
+        print("Wrong q_base=", q_base, " for q=", q, kk)
+        return False
+
+    # this implementation assumes that our LP solver to be unable to do a hot
+    # restart with an adjusted constraint
+
+    m = kk*n  # this is to emulate repeat/until block
+    bd = q**n+1
+
+    while q_base**m < bd:
+        # need to solve the LP repeatedly, as this is a new constraint!
+        # we might become infeasible. More precisely, after rounding down
+        # to the closest value of q_base^m, the LP, with the constraint that
+        # the objective function is at most q_base^m,
+        A, p = _delsarte_LP_building(n, d, d_star, q, isinteger,
+                                     solver, q_base**m)
+        try:
+            bd = p.solve()
+        except MIPSolverException as exc:
+            print("Solver exception:", exc)
+            return (A, p, False) if return_data else False
+    # rounding the bound down to the nearest power of q_base, for q=q_base^m
+    # bd_r = roundres(log(bd, base=q_base))
+        m = -1
+        while q_base**(m+1) < bd:
+            m += 1
+        if q_base**(m+1) == bd:
+            m += 1
+
+    return (A, p, m) if return_data else m
+
+
+def _delsarte_Q_LP_building(q, d, solver, isinteger):
+    r"""
+    LP builder for Delsarte's LP for codes given Q matrix.
+
+    LP builder for Delsarte's LP for codes, given Q matrix;
+    used in :func:`delsarte_bound_Q_matrix`; not exported.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``q`` -- the Q matrix
+
+    - ``d`` -- the (lower bound on) minimal distance of the code
+
+    - ``solver`` -- the LP/ILP solver to be used. Defaults to
+      ``PPL``. It is arbitrary precision, thus there will be no
+      rounding errors. With other solvers (see
+      :class:`MixedIntegerLinearProgram` for the list), you are on
+      your own!
+
+    - ``isinteger`` -- if ``True``, uses an integer programming solver
+      (ILP), rather that an LP solver. Can be very slow if set to
+      ``True``.
+
+    EXAMPLES::
+
+        sage: from sage.coding.delsarte_bounds import _delsarte_Q_LP_building
+        sage: q = Matrix([[codes.bounds.krawtchouk(6,2,i,j) for j in range(7)] for i in range(7)])
+        sage: _, p = _delsarte_Q_LP_building(q, 2, "PPL", False)
+        sage: p.show()
+        Maximization:
+          x_0 + x_1 + x_2 + x_3 + x_4 + x_5 + x_6
+        <BLANKLINE>
+        Constraints:
+          constraint_0: 1 <= x_0 <= 1
+          constraint_1: 0 <= x_1 <= 0
+          constraint_2: 0 <= 6 x_0 + 4 x_1 + 2 x_2 - 2 x_4 - 4 x_5 - 6 x_6
+          constraint_3: 0 <= 15 x_0 + 5 x_1 - x_2 - 3 x_3 - x_4 + 5 x_5 + 15 x_6
+          constraint_4: 0 <= 20 x_0 - 4 x_2 + 4 x_4 - 20 x_6
+          constraint_5: 0 <= 15 x_0 - 5 x_1 - x_2 + 3 x_3 - x_4 - 5 x_5 + 15 x_6
+          constraint_6: 0 <= 6 x_0 - 4 x_1 + 2 x_2 - 2 x_4 + 4 x_5 - 6 x_6
+          constraint_7: 0 <= x_0 - x_1 + x_2 - x_3 + x_4 - x_5 + x_6
+        Variables:
+          x_0 is a continuous variable (min=0, max=+oo)
+          x_1 is a continuous variable (min=0, max=+oo)
+          x_2 is a continuous variable (min=0, max=+oo)
+          x_3 is a continuous variable (min=0, max=+oo)
+          x_4 is a continuous variable (min=0, max=+oo)
+          x_5 is a continuous variable (min=0, max=+oo)
+          x_6 is a continuous variable (min=0, max=+oo)
+    """
+    from sage.numerical.mip import MixedIntegerLinearProgram
+
+    n, _ = q.dimensions()  # Q is a square matrix
+
+    p = MixedIntegerLinearProgram(maximization=True, solver=solver)
+    A = p.new_variable(integer=isinteger, nonnegative=True)
+    p.set_objective(p.sum([A[i] for i in range(n)]))
+
+    p.add_constraint(A[0] == 1)
+
+    try:
+        for i in range(1, d):
+            p.add_constraint(A[i] == 0)
+    except TypeError:
+        for i in d:
+            p.add_constraint(A[i] == 0)
+
+    for k in range(1, n):
+        p.add_constraint(p.sum([q[k][i] * A[i] for i in range(n)]), min=0)
+
+    return A, p
+
+
+def delsarte_bound_Q_matrix(q, d, return_data=False,
+                            solver='PPL', isinteger=False):
+    r"""
+    Delsarte bound on a code with Q matrix ``q`` and lower bound on min. dist. ``d``.
+
+    Find the Delsarte bound on a code with Q matrix ``q`` and lower bound on
+    minimal distance ``d``.
+
+    INPUT:
+
+    - ``q`` -- the Q matrix
+
+    - ``d`` -- the (lower bound on) minimal distance of the code
+
+    - ``return_data`` -- if ``True``, return a triple
+      ``(W,LP,bound)``, where ``W`` is a weights vector, and ``LP``
+      the Delsarte upper bound LP; both of them are Sage LP data.
+      ``W`` need not be a weight distribution of a code.
+
+    - ``solver`` -- the LP/ILP solver to be used. Defaults to
+      ``PPL``. It is arbitrary precision, thus there will be no
+      rounding errors. With other solvers (see
+      :class:`MixedIntegerLinearProgram` for the list), you are on
+      your own!
+
+    - ``isinteger`` -- if ``True``, uses an integer programming solver
+      (ILP), rather that an LP solver. Can be very slow if set to
+      ``True``.
+
+    EXAMPLES:
+
+    The bound on dimension of linear `\GF{2}`-codes of length 10 and minimal distance 6::
+
+        sage: q_matrix = Matrix([[codes.bounds.krawtchouk(10,2,i,j) for i in range(11)]
+        ....:                    for j in range(11)])
+        sage: codes.bounds.delsarte_bound_Q_matrix(q_matrix, 6)
+        2
+
+        sage: a,p,val = codes.bounds.delsarte_bound_Q_matrix(q_matrix, 6, return_data=True)
+        sage: [j for i,j in p.get_values(a).items()]
+        [1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1]
+
+    TESTS:
+
+    Cases for using Hamming scheme Q matrix::
+
+        sage: q_matrix = Matrix([[codes.bounds.krawtchouk(10,2,i,j) for i in range(11)] for j in range(11)])
+        sage: codes.bounds.delsarte_bound_Q_matrix(q_matrix, 6)
+        2
+
+        sage: a,p,val = codes.bounds.delsarte_bound_Q_matrix(q_matrix, 6, return_data=True)
+        sage: [j for i,j in p.get_values(a).items()]
+        [1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1]
+    """
+    from sage.numerical.mip import MIPSolverException
+    from sage.structure.element import Matrix
+
+    if not isinstance(q, Matrix):
+        raise ValueError("Input to delsarte_bound_Q_matrix "
+                         "should be a sage Matrix()")
+
+    A, p = _delsarte_Q_LP_building(q, d, solver, isinteger)
+    try:
+        bd = p.solve()
+    except MIPSolverException as exc:
+        print(f"Solver exception: {exc}")
+        return (A, p, False) if return_data else False
+
+    return (A, p, bd) if return_data else bd