numpy 1.9.3__zip → 1.10.0__zip

numpy-1.10.0.post2/numpy/core/src/multiarray/multiarraymodule.c

@@ -0,0 +1,4628 @@
+/*
+  Python Multiarray Module -- A useful collection of functions for creating and
+  using ndarrays
+
+  Original file
+  Copyright (c) 1995, 1996, 1997 Jim Hugunin, hugunin@mit.edu
+
+  Modified for numpy in 2005
+
+  Travis E. Oliphant
+  oliphant@ee.byu.edu
+  Brigham Young University
+*/
+
+/* $Id: multiarraymodule.c,v 1.36 2005/09/14 00:14:00 teoliphant Exp $ */
+
+#define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN
+#include "Python.h"
+#include "structmember.h"
+
+#define NPY_NO_DEPRECATED_API NPY_API_VERSION
+#define _MULTIARRAYMODULE
+#include <numpy/npy_common.h>
+#include "numpy/arrayobject.h"
+#include "numpy/arrayscalars.h"
+
+#include "numpy/npy_math.h"
+
+#include "npy_config.h"
+#include "npy_pycompat.h"
+#include "npy_import.h"
+
+NPY_NO_EXPORT int NPY_NUMUSERTYPES = 0;
+
+/* Internal APIs */
+#include "arraytypes.h"
+#include "arrayobject.h"
+#include "hashdescr.h"
+#include "descriptor.h"
+#include "calculation.h"
+#include "number.h"
+#include "scalartypes.h"
+#include "numpymemoryview.h"
+#include "convert_datatype.h"
+#include "conversion_utils.h"
+#include "nditer_pywrap.h"
+#include "methods.h"
+#include "_datetime.h"
+#include "datetime_strings.h"
+#include "datetime_busday.h"
+#include "datetime_busdaycal.h"
+#include "item_selection.h"
+#include "shape.h"
+#include "ctors.h"
+#include "array_assign.h"
+#include "common.h"
+#include "ufunc_override.h"
+#include "multiarraymodule.h"
+#include "cblasfuncs.h"
+#include "vdot.h"
+#include "templ_common.h" /* for npy_mul_with_overflow_intp */
+#include "compiled_base.h"
+
+/* Only here for API compatibility */
+NPY_NO_EXPORT PyTypeObject PyBigArray_Type;
+
+
+/*NUMPY_API
+ * Get Priority from object
+ */
+NPY_NO_EXPORT double
+PyArray_GetPriority(PyObject *obj, double default_)
+{
+    PyObject *ret;
+    double priority = NPY_PRIORITY;
+
+    if (PyArray_CheckExact(obj)) {
+        return priority;
+    }
+    else if (PyArray_CheckAnyScalarExact(obj)) {
+        return NPY_SCALAR_PRIORITY;
+    }
+
+    ret = PyArray_GetAttrString_SuppressException(obj, "__array_priority__");
+    if (ret == NULL) {
+        return default_;
+    }
+
+    priority = PyFloat_AsDouble(ret);
+    Py_DECREF(ret);
+    return priority;
+}
+
+/*NUMPY_API
+ * Multiply a List of ints
+ */
+NPY_NO_EXPORT int
+PyArray_MultiplyIntList(int *l1, int n)
+{
+    int s = 1;
+
+    while (n--) {
+        s *= (*l1++);
+    }
+    return s;
+}
+
+/*NUMPY_API
+ * Multiply a List
+ */
+NPY_NO_EXPORT npy_intp
+PyArray_MultiplyList(npy_intp *l1, int n)
+{
+    npy_intp s = 1;
+
+    while (n--) {
+        s *= (*l1++);
+    }
+    return s;
+}
+
+/*NUMPY_API
+ * Multiply a List of Non-negative numbers with over-flow detection.
+ */
+NPY_NO_EXPORT npy_intp
+PyArray_OverflowMultiplyList(npy_intp *l1, int n)
+{
+    npy_intp prod = 1;
+    int i;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        npy_intp dim = l1[i];
+
+        if (dim == 0) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        if (npy_mul_with_overflow_intp(&prod, prod, dim)) {
+            return -1;
+        }
+    }
+    return prod;
+}
+
+/*NUMPY_API
+ * Produce a pointer into array
+ */
+NPY_NO_EXPORT void *
+PyArray_GetPtr(PyArrayObject *obj, npy_intp* ind)
+{
+    int n = PyArray_NDIM(obj);
+    npy_intp *strides = PyArray_STRIDES(obj);
+    char *dptr = PyArray_DATA(obj);
+
+    while (n--) {
+        dptr += (*strides++) * (*ind++);
+    }
+    return (void *)dptr;
+}
+
+/*NUMPY_API
+ * Compare Lists
+ */
+NPY_NO_EXPORT int
+PyArray_CompareLists(npy_intp *l1, npy_intp *l2, int n)
+{
+    int i;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        if (l1[i] != l2[i]) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+    return 1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * simulates a C-style 1-3 dimensional array which can be accesed using
+ * ptr[i]  or ptr[i][j] or ptr[i][j][k] -- requires pointer allocation
+ * for 2-d and 3-d.
+ *
+ * For 2-d and up, ptr is NOT equivalent to a statically defined
+ * 2-d or 3-d array.  In particular, it cannot be passed into a
+ * function that requires a true pointer to a fixed-size array.
+ */
+
+/*NUMPY_API
+ * Simulate a C-array
+ * steals a reference to typedescr -- can be NULL
+ */
+NPY_NO_EXPORT int
+PyArray_AsCArray(PyObject **op, void *ptr, npy_intp *dims, int nd,
+                 PyArray_Descr* typedescr)
+{
+    PyArrayObject *ap;
+    npy_intp n, m, i, j;
+    char **ptr2;
+    char ***ptr3;
+
+    if ((nd < 1) || (nd > 3)) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                        "C arrays of only 1-3 dimensions available");
+        Py_XDECREF(typedescr);
+        return -1;
+    }
+    if ((ap = (PyArrayObject*)PyArray_FromAny(*op, typedescr, nd, nd,
+                                      NPY_ARRAY_CARRAY, NULL)) == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    switch(nd) {
+    case 1:
+        *((char **)ptr) = PyArray_DATA(ap);
+        break;
+    case 2:
+        n = PyArray_DIMS(ap)[0];
+        ptr2 = (char **)PyArray_malloc(n * sizeof(char *));
+        if (!ptr2) {
+            goto fail;
+        }
+        for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+            ptr2[i] = PyArray_BYTES(ap) + i*PyArray_STRIDES(ap)[0];
+        }
+        *((char ***)ptr) = ptr2;
+        break;
+    case 3:
+        n = PyArray_DIMS(ap)[0];
+        m = PyArray_DIMS(ap)[1];
+        ptr3 = (char ***)PyArray_malloc(n*(m+1) * sizeof(char *));
+        if (!ptr3) {
+            goto fail;
+        }
+        for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+            ptr3[i] = (char **) &ptr3[n + m * i];
+            for (j = 0; j < m; j++) {
+                ptr3[i][j] = PyArray_BYTES(ap) + i*PyArray_STRIDES(ap)[0] + j*PyArray_STRIDES(ap)[1];
+            }
+        }
+        *((char ****)ptr) = ptr3;
+    }
+    memcpy(dims, PyArray_DIMS(ap), nd*sizeof(npy_intp));
+    *op = (PyObject *)ap;
+    return 0;
+
+fail:
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_MemoryError, "no memory");
+    return -1;
+}
+
+/* Deprecated --- Use PyArray_AsCArray instead */
+
+/*NUMPY_API
+ * Convert to a 1D C-array
+ */
+NPY_NO_EXPORT int
+PyArray_As1D(PyObject **op, char **ptr, int *d1, int typecode)
+{
+    npy_intp newd1;
+    PyArray_Descr *descr;
+    static const char msg[] = "PyArray_As1D: use PyArray_AsCArray.";
+
+    /* 2008-07-14, 1.5 */
+    if (DEPRECATE(msg) < 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    descr = PyArray_DescrFromType(typecode);
+    if (PyArray_AsCArray(op, (void *)ptr, &newd1, 1, descr) == -1) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    *d1 = (int) newd1;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/*NUMPY_API
+ * Convert to a 2D C-array
+ */
+NPY_NO_EXPORT int
+PyArray_As2D(PyObject **op, char ***ptr, int *d1, int *d2, int typecode)
+{
+    npy_intp newdims[2];
+    PyArray_Descr *descr;
+    static const char msg[] = "PyArray_As1D: use PyArray_AsCArray.";
+
+    /* 2008-07-14, 1.5 */
+    if (DEPRECATE(msg) < 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    descr = PyArray_DescrFromType(typecode);
+    if (PyArray_AsCArray(op, (void *)ptr, newdims, 2, descr) == -1) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    *d1 = (int ) newdims[0];
+    *d2 = (int ) newdims[1];
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/* End Deprecated */
+
+/*NUMPY_API
+ * Free pointers created if As2D is called
+ */
+NPY_NO_EXPORT int
+PyArray_Free(PyObject *op, void *ptr)
+{
+    PyArrayObject *ap = (PyArrayObject *)op;
+
+    if ((PyArray_NDIM(ap) < 1) || (PyArray_NDIM(ap) > 3)) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    if (PyArray_NDIM(ap) >= 2) {
+        PyArray_free(ptr);
+    }
+    Py_DECREF(ap);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Concatenates a list of ndarrays.
+ */
+NPY_NO_EXPORT PyArrayObject *
+PyArray_ConcatenateArrays(int narrays, PyArrayObject **arrays, int axis)
+{
+    PyTypeObject *subtype = &PyArray_Type;
+    double priority = NPY_PRIORITY;
+    int iarrays, idim, ndim;
+    npy_intp shape[NPY_MAXDIMS], s, strides[NPY_MAXDIMS];
+    int strideperm[NPY_MAXDIMS];
+    PyArray_Descr *dtype = NULL;
+    PyArrayObject *ret = NULL;
+    PyArrayObject_fields *sliding_view = NULL;
+    int orig_axis = axis;
+
+    if (narrays <= 0) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                        "need at least one array to concatenate");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    /* All the arrays must have the same 'ndim' */
+    ndim = PyArray_NDIM(arrays[0]);
+
+    if (ndim == 0) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                        "zero-dimensional arrays cannot be concatenated");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    /* Handle standard Python negative indexing */
+    if (axis < 0) {
+        axis += ndim;
+    }
+
+    if (axis < 0 || axis >= ndim) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_IndexError,
+                     "axis %d out of bounds [0, %d)", orig_axis, ndim);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Figure out the final concatenated shape starting from the first
+     * array's shape.
+     */
+    memcpy(shape, PyArray_SHAPE(arrays[0]), ndim * sizeof(shape[0]));
+    for (iarrays = 1; iarrays < narrays; ++iarrays) {
+        npy_intp *arr_shape;
+
+        if (PyArray_NDIM(arrays[iarrays]) != ndim) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                            "all the input arrays must have same "
+                            "number of dimensions");
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        arr_shape = PyArray_SHAPE(arrays[iarrays]);
+
+        for (idim = 0; idim < ndim; ++idim) {
+            /* Build up the size of the concatenation axis */
+            if (idim == axis) {
+                shape[idim] += arr_shape[idim];
+            }
+            /* Validate that the rest of the dimensions match */
+            else if (shape[idim] != arr_shape[idim]) {
+                PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                                "all the input array dimensions "
+                                "except for the concatenation axis "
+                                "must match exactly");
+                return NULL;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Get the priority subtype for the array */
+    for (iarrays = 0; iarrays < narrays; ++iarrays) {
+        if (Py_TYPE(arrays[iarrays]) != subtype) {
+            double pr = PyArray_GetPriority((PyObject *)(arrays[iarrays]), 0.0);
+            if (pr > priority) {
+                priority = pr;
+                subtype = Py_TYPE(arrays[iarrays]);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Get the resulting dtype from combining all the arrays */
+    dtype = PyArray_ResultType(narrays, arrays, 0, NULL);
+    if (dtype == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Figure out the permutation to apply to the strides to match
+     * the memory layout of the input arrays, using ambiguity
+     * resolution rules matching that of the NpyIter.
+     */
+    PyArray_CreateMultiSortedStridePerm(narrays, arrays, ndim, strideperm);
+    s = dtype->elsize;
+    for (idim = ndim-1; idim >= 0; --idim) {
+        int iperm = strideperm[idim];
+        strides[iperm] = s;
+        s *= shape[iperm];
+    }
+
+    /* Allocate the array for the result. This steals the 'dtype' reference. */
+    ret = (PyArrayObject *)PyArray_NewFromDescr(subtype,
+                                                    dtype,
+                                                    ndim,
+                                                    shape,
+                                                    strides,
+                                                    NULL,
+                                                    0,
+                                                    NULL);
+    if (ret == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Create a view which slides through ret for assigning the
+     * successive input arrays.
+     */
+    sliding_view = (PyArrayObject_fields *)PyArray_View(ret,
+                                                        NULL, &PyArray_Type);
+    if (sliding_view == NULL) {
+        Py_DECREF(ret);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    for (iarrays = 0; iarrays < narrays; ++iarrays) {
+        /* Set the dimension to match the input array's */
+        sliding_view->dimensions[axis] = PyArray_SHAPE(arrays[iarrays])[axis];
+
+        /* Copy the data for this array */
+        if (PyArray_AssignArray((PyArrayObject *)sliding_view, arrays[iarrays],
+                            NULL, NPY_SAME_KIND_CASTING) < 0) {
+            Py_DECREF(sliding_view);
+            Py_DECREF(ret);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+
+        /* Slide to the start of the next window */
+        sliding_view->data += sliding_view->dimensions[axis] *
+                                 sliding_view->strides[axis];
+    }
+
+    Py_DECREF(sliding_view);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Concatenates a list of ndarrays, flattening each in the specified order.
+ */
+NPY_NO_EXPORT PyArrayObject *
+PyArray_ConcatenateFlattenedArrays(int narrays, PyArrayObject **arrays,
+                                    NPY_ORDER order)
+{
+    PyTypeObject *subtype = &PyArray_Type;
+    double priority = NPY_PRIORITY;
+    int iarrays;
+    npy_intp stride;
+    npy_intp shape = 0;
+    PyArray_Descr *dtype = NULL;
+    PyArrayObject *ret = NULL;
+    PyArrayObject_fields *sliding_view = NULL;
+
+    if (narrays <= 0) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                        "need at least one array to concatenate");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Figure out the final concatenated shape starting from the first
+     * array's shape.
+     */
+    for (iarrays = 0; iarrays < narrays; ++iarrays) {
+        shape += PyArray_SIZE(arrays[iarrays]);
+        /* Check for overflow */
+        if (shape < 0) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                            "total number of elements "
+                            "too large to concatenate");
+            return NULL;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Get the priority subtype for the array */
+    for (iarrays = 0; iarrays < narrays; ++iarrays) {
+        if (Py_TYPE(arrays[iarrays]) != subtype) {
+            double pr = PyArray_GetPriority((PyObject *)(arrays[iarrays]), 0.0);
+            if (pr > priority) {
+                priority = pr;
+                subtype = Py_TYPE(arrays[iarrays]);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Get the resulting dtype from combining all the arrays */
+    dtype = PyArray_ResultType(narrays, arrays, 0, NULL);
+    if (dtype == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    stride = dtype->elsize;
+
+    /* Allocate the array for the result. This steals the 'dtype' reference. */
+    ret = (PyArrayObject *)PyArray_NewFromDescr(subtype,
+                                                    dtype,
+                                                    1,
+                                                    &shape,
+                                                    &stride,
+                                                    NULL,
+                                                    0,
+                                                    NULL);
+    if (ret == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Create a view which slides through ret for assigning the
+     * successive input arrays.
+     */
+    sliding_view = (PyArrayObject_fields *)PyArray_View(ret,
+                                                        NULL, &PyArray_Type);
+    if (sliding_view == NULL) {
+        Py_DECREF(ret);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    for (iarrays = 0; iarrays < narrays; ++iarrays) {
+        /* Adjust the window dimensions for this array */
+        sliding_view->dimensions[0] = PyArray_SIZE(arrays[iarrays]);
+
+        /* Copy the data for this array */
+        if (PyArray_CopyAsFlat((PyArrayObject *)sliding_view, arrays[iarrays],
+                            order) < 0) {
+            Py_DECREF(sliding_view);
+            Py_DECREF(ret);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+
+        /* Slide to the start of the next window */
+        sliding_view->data +=
+            sliding_view->strides[0] * PyArray_SIZE(arrays[iarrays]);
+    }
+
+    Py_DECREF(sliding_view);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+
+/*NUMPY_API
+ * Concatenate
+ *
+ * Concatenate an arbitrary Python sequence into an array.
+ * op is a python object supporting the sequence interface.
+ * Its elements will be concatenated together to form a single
+ * multidimensional array. If axis is NPY_MAXDIMS or bigger, then
+ * each sequence object will be flattened before concatenation
+*/
+NPY_NO_EXPORT PyObject *
+PyArray_Concatenate(PyObject *op, int axis)
+{
+    int iarrays, narrays;
+    PyArrayObject **arrays;
+    PyArrayObject *ret;
+
+    if (!PySequence_Check(op)) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "The first input argument needs to be a sequence");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    /* Convert the input list into arrays */
+    narrays = PySequence_Size(op);
+    if (narrays < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    arrays = PyArray_malloc(narrays * sizeof(arrays[0]));
+    if (arrays == NULL) {
+        PyErr_NoMemory();
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    for (iarrays = 0; iarrays < narrays; ++iarrays) {
+        PyObject *item = PySequence_GetItem(op, iarrays);
+        if (item == NULL) {
+            narrays = iarrays;
+            goto fail;
+        }
+        arrays[iarrays] = (PyArrayObject *)PyArray_FromAny(item, NULL,
+                                            0, 0, 0, NULL);
+        Py_DECREF(item);
+        if (arrays[iarrays] == NULL) {
+            narrays = iarrays;
+            goto fail;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (axis >= NPY_MAXDIMS) {
+        ret = PyArray_ConcatenateFlattenedArrays(narrays, arrays, NPY_CORDER);
+    }
+    else {
+        ret = PyArray_ConcatenateArrays(narrays, arrays, axis);
+    }
+
+    for (iarrays = 0; iarrays < narrays; ++iarrays) {
+        Py_DECREF(arrays[iarrays]);
+    }
+    PyArray_free(arrays);
+
+    return (PyObject *)ret;
+
+fail:
+    /* 'narrays' was set to how far we got in the conversion */
+    for (iarrays = 0; iarrays < narrays; ++iarrays) {
+        Py_DECREF(arrays[iarrays]);
+    }
+    PyArray_free(arrays);
+
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static int
+_signbit_set(PyArrayObject *arr)
+{
+    static char bitmask = (char) 0x80;
+    char *ptr;  /* points to the npy_byte to test */
+    char byteorder;
+    int elsize;
+
+    elsize = PyArray_DESCR(arr)->elsize;
+    byteorder = PyArray_DESCR(arr)->byteorder;
+    ptr = PyArray_DATA(arr);
+    if (elsize > 1 &&
+        (byteorder == NPY_LITTLE ||
+         (byteorder == NPY_NATIVE &&
+          PyArray_ISNBO(NPY_LITTLE)))) {
+        ptr += elsize - 1;
+    }
+    return ((*ptr & bitmask) != 0);
+}
+
+
+/*NUMPY_API
+ * ScalarKind
+ *
+ * Returns the scalar kind of a type number, with an
+ * optional tweak based on the scalar value itself.
+ * If no scalar is provided, it returns INTPOS_SCALAR
+ * for both signed and unsigned integers, otherwise
+ * it checks the sign of any signed integer to choose
+ * INTNEG_SCALAR when appropriate.
+ */
+NPY_NO_EXPORT NPY_SCALARKIND
+PyArray_ScalarKind(int typenum, PyArrayObject **arr)
+{
+    NPY_SCALARKIND ret = NPY_NOSCALAR;
+
+    if ((unsigned int)typenum < NPY_NTYPES) {
+        ret = _npy_scalar_kinds_table[typenum];
+        /* Signed integer types are INTNEG in the table */
+        if (ret == NPY_INTNEG_SCALAR) {
+            if (!arr || !_signbit_set(*arr)) {
+                ret = NPY_INTPOS_SCALAR;
+            }
+        }
+    } else if (PyTypeNum_ISUSERDEF(typenum)) {
+        PyArray_Descr* descr = PyArray_DescrFromType(typenum);
+
+        if (descr->f->scalarkind) {
+            ret = descr->f->scalarkind((arr ? *arr : NULL));
+        }
+        Py_DECREF(descr);
+    }
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+/*NUMPY_API
+ *
+ * Determines whether the data type 'thistype', with
+ * scalar kind 'scalar', can be coerced into 'neededtype'.
+ */
+NPY_NO_EXPORT int
+PyArray_CanCoerceScalar(int thistype, int neededtype,
+                        NPY_SCALARKIND scalar)
+{
+    PyArray_Descr* from;
+    int *castlist;
+
+    /* If 'thistype' is not a scalar, it must be safely castable */
+    if (scalar == NPY_NOSCALAR) {
+        return PyArray_CanCastSafely(thistype, neededtype);
+    }
+    if ((unsigned int)neededtype < NPY_NTYPES) {
+        NPY_SCALARKIND neededscalar;
+
+        if (scalar == NPY_OBJECT_SCALAR) {
+            return PyArray_CanCastSafely(thistype, neededtype);
+        }
+
+        /*
+         * The lookup table gives us exactly what we need for
+         * this comparison, which PyArray_ScalarKind would not.
+         *
+         * The rule is that positive scalars can be coerced
+         * to a signed ints, but negative scalars cannot be coerced
+         * to unsigned ints.
+         *   _npy_scalar_kinds_table[int]==NEGINT > POSINT,
+         *      so 1 is returned, but
+         *   _npy_scalar_kinds_table[uint]==POSINT < NEGINT,
+         *      so 0 is returned, as required.
+         *
+         */
+        neededscalar = _npy_scalar_kinds_table[neededtype];
+        if (neededscalar >= scalar) {
+            return 1;
+        }
+        if (!PyTypeNum_ISUSERDEF(thistype)) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    from = PyArray_DescrFromType(thistype);
+    if (from->f->cancastscalarkindto
+        && (castlist = from->f->cancastscalarkindto[scalar])) {
+        while (*castlist != NPY_NOTYPE) {
+            if (*castlist++ == neededtype) {
+                Py_DECREF(from);
+                return 1;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    Py_DECREF(from);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Make a new empty array, of the passed size, of a type that takes the
+ * priority of ap1 and ap2 into account.
+ */
+static PyArrayObject *
+new_array_for_sum(PyArrayObject *ap1, PyArrayObject *ap2, PyArrayObject* out,
+                  int nd, npy_intp dimensions[], int typenum)
+{
+    PyArrayObject *ret;
+    PyTypeObject *subtype;
+    double prior1, prior2;
+    /*
+     * Need to choose an output array that can hold a sum
+     * -- use priority to determine which subtype.
+     */
+    if (Py_TYPE(ap2) != Py_TYPE(ap1)) {
+        prior2 = PyArray_GetPriority((PyObject *)ap2, 0.0);
+        prior1 = PyArray_GetPriority((PyObject *)ap1, 0.0);
+        subtype = (prior2 > prior1 ? Py_TYPE(ap2) : Py_TYPE(ap1));
+    }
+    else {
+        prior1 = prior2 = 0.0;
+        subtype = Py_TYPE(ap1);
+    }
+    if (out) {
+        int d;
+        /* verify that out is usable */
+        if (Py_TYPE(out) != subtype ||
+            PyArray_NDIM(out) != nd ||
+            PyArray_TYPE(out) != typenum ||
+            !PyArray_ISCARRAY(out)) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                "output array is not acceptable "
+                "(must have the right type, nr dimensions, and be a C-Array)");
+            return 0;
+        }
+        for (d = 0; d < nd; ++d) {
+            if (dimensions[d] != PyArray_DIM(out, d)) {
+                PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                    "output array has wrong dimensions");
+                return 0;
+            }
+        }
+        Py_INCREF(out);
+        return out;
+    }
+
+    ret = (PyArrayObject *)PyArray_New(subtype, nd, dimensions,
+                                       typenum, NULL, NULL, 0, 0,
+                                       (PyObject *)
+                                       (prior2 > prior1 ? ap2 : ap1));
+    return ret;
+}
+
+/* Could perhaps be redone to not make contiguous arrays */
+
+/*NUMPY_API
+ * Numeric.innerproduct(a,v)
+ */
+NPY_NO_EXPORT PyObject *
+PyArray_InnerProduct(PyObject *op1, PyObject *op2)
+{
+    PyArrayObject *ap1, *ap2, *ret = NULL;
+    PyArrayIterObject *it1, *it2;
+    npy_intp i, j, l;
+    int typenum, nd, axis;
+    npy_intp is1, is2, os;
+    char *op;
+    npy_intp dimensions[NPY_MAXDIMS];
+    PyArray_DotFunc *dot;
+    PyArray_Descr *typec;
+    NPY_BEGIN_THREADS_DEF;
+
+    typenum = PyArray_ObjectType(op1, 0);
+    typenum = PyArray_ObjectType(op2, typenum);
+
+    typec = PyArray_DescrFromType(typenum);
+    if (typec == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    Py_INCREF(typec);
+    ap1 = (PyArrayObject *)PyArray_FromAny(op1, typec, 0, 0,
+                                        NPY_ARRAY_ALIGNED, NULL);
+    if (ap1 == NULL) {
+        Py_DECREF(typec);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    ap2 = (PyArrayObject *)PyArray_FromAny(op2, typec, 0, 0,
+                                        NPY_ARRAY_ALIGNED, NULL);
+    if (ap2 == NULL) {
+        Py_DECREF(ap1);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+#if defined(HAVE_CBLAS)
+    if (PyArray_NDIM(ap1) <= 2 && PyArray_NDIM(ap2) <= 2 &&
+            (NPY_DOUBLE == typenum || NPY_CDOUBLE == typenum ||
+             NPY_FLOAT == typenum || NPY_CFLOAT == typenum)) {
+        return cblas_innerproduct(typenum, ap1, ap2);
+    }
+#endif
+
+    if (PyArray_NDIM(ap1) == 0 || PyArray_NDIM(ap2) == 0) {
+        ret = (PyArray_NDIM(ap1) == 0 ? ap1 : ap2);
+        ret = (PyArrayObject *)Py_TYPE(ret)->tp_as_number->nb_multiply(
+                                            (PyObject *)ap1, (PyObject *)ap2);
+        Py_DECREF(ap1);
+        Py_DECREF(ap2);
+        return (PyObject *)ret;
+    }
+
+    l = PyArray_DIMS(ap1)[PyArray_NDIM(ap1) - 1];
+    if (PyArray_DIMS(ap2)[PyArray_NDIM(ap2) - 1] != l) {
+        dot_alignment_error(ap1, PyArray_NDIM(ap1) - 1,
+                            ap2, PyArray_NDIM(ap2) - 1);
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    nd = PyArray_NDIM(ap1) + PyArray_NDIM(ap2) - 2;
+    j = 0;
+    for (i = 0; i < PyArray_NDIM(ap1) - 1; i++) {
+        dimensions[j++] = PyArray_DIMS(ap1)[i];
+    }
+    for (i = 0; i < PyArray_NDIM(ap2) - 1; i++) {
+        dimensions[j++] = PyArray_DIMS(ap2)[i];
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Need to choose an output array that can hold a sum
+     * -- use priority to determine which subtype.
+     */
+    ret = new_array_for_sum(ap1, ap2, NULL, nd, dimensions, typenum);
+    if (ret == NULL) {
+        goto fail;
+    }
+    /* Ensure that multiarray.inner(<Nx0>,<Mx0>) -> zeros((N,M)) */
+    if (PyArray_SIZE(ap1) == 0 && PyArray_SIZE(ap2) == 0) {
+        memset(PyArray_DATA(ret), 0, PyArray_NBYTES(ret));
+    }
+
+    dot = (PyArray_DESCR(ret)->f->dotfunc);
+    if (dot == NULL) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                        "dot not available for this type");
+        goto fail;
+    }
+    is1 = PyArray_STRIDES(ap1)[PyArray_NDIM(ap1) - 1];
+    is2 = PyArray_STRIDES(ap2)[PyArray_NDIM(ap2) - 1];
+    op = PyArray_DATA(ret);
+    os = PyArray_DESCR(ret)->elsize;
+    axis = PyArray_NDIM(ap1) - 1;
+    it1 = (PyArrayIterObject *) PyArray_IterAllButAxis((PyObject *)ap1, &axis);
+    axis = PyArray_NDIM(ap2) - 1;
+    it2 = (PyArrayIterObject *) PyArray_IterAllButAxis((PyObject *)ap2, &axis);
+    NPY_BEGIN_THREADS_DESCR(PyArray_DESCR(ap2));
+    while (it1->index < it1->size) {
+        while (it2->index < it2->size) {
+            dot(it1->dataptr, is1, it2->dataptr, is2, op, l, ret);
+            op += os;
+            PyArray_ITER_NEXT(it2);
+        }
+        PyArray_ITER_NEXT(it1);
+        PyArray_ITER_RESET(it2);
+    }
+    NPY_END_THREADS_DESCR(PyArray_DESCR(ap2));
+    Py_DECREF(it1);
+    Py_DECREF(it2);
+    if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto fail;
+    }
+    Py_DECREF(ap1);
+    Py_DECREF(ap2);
+    return (PyObject *)ret;
+
+fail:
+    Py_XDECREF(ap1);
+    Py_XDECREF(ap2);
+    Py_XDECREF(ret);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+/*NUMPY_API
+ * Numeric.matrixproduct(a,v)
+ * just like inner product but does the swapaxes stuff on the fly
+ */
+NPY_NO_EXPORT PyObject *
+PyArray_MatrixProduct(PyObject *op1, PyObject *op2)
+{
+    return PyArray_MatrixProduct2(op1, op2, NULL);
+}
+
+/*NUMPY_API
+ * Numeric.matrixproduct2(a,v,out)
+ * just like inner product but does the swapaxes stuff on the fly
+ */
+NPY_NO_EXPORT PyObject *
+PyArray_MatrixProduct2(PyObject *op1, PyObject *op2, PyArrayObject* out)
+{
+    PyArrayObject *ap1, *ap2, *ret = NULL;
+    PyArrayIterObject *it1, *it2;
+    npy_intp i, j, l;
+    int typenum, nd, axis, matchDim;
+    npy_intp is1, is2, os;
+    char *op;
+    npy_intp dimensions[NPY_MAXDIMS];
+    PyArray_DotFunc *dot;
+    PyArray_Descr *typec = NULL;
+    NPY_BEGIN_THREADS_DEF;
+
+    typenum = PyArray_ObjectType(op1, 0);
+    typenum = PyArray_ObjectType(op2, typenum);
+    typec = PyArray_DescrFromType(typenum);
+    if (typec == NULL) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "Cannot find a common data type.");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    Py_INCREF(typec);
+    ap1 = (PyArrayObject *)PyArray_FromAny(op1, typec, 0, 0,
+                                        NPY_ARRAY_ALIGNED, NULL);
+    if (ap1 == NULL) {
+        Py_DECREF(typec);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    ap2 = (PyArrayObject *)PyArray_FromAny(op2, typec, 0, 0,
+                                        NPY_ARRAY_ALIGNED, NULL);
+    if (ap2 == NULL) {
+        Py_DECREF(ap1);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+#if defined(HAVE_CBLAS)
+    if (PyArray_NDIM(ap1) <= 2 && PyArray_NDIM(ap2) <= 2 &&
+            (NPY_DOUBLE == typenum || NPY_CDOUBLE == typenum ||
+             NPY_FLOAT == typenum || NPY_CFLOAT == typenum)) {
+        return cblas_matrixproduct(typenum, ap1, ap2, out);
+    }
+#endif
+
+    if (PyArray_NDIM(ap1) == 0 || PyArray_NDIM(ap2) == 0) {
+        ret = (PyArray_NDIM(ap1) == 0 ? ap1 : ap2);
+        ret = (PyArrayObject *)Py_TYPE(ret)->tp_as_number->nb_multiply(
+                                        (PyObject *)ap1, (PyObject *)ap2);
+        Py_DECREF(ap1);
+        Py_DECREF(ap2);
+        return (PyObject *)ret;
+    }
+    l = PyArray_DIMS(ap1)[PyArray_NDIM(ap1) - 1];
+    if (PyArray_NDIM(ap2) > 1) {
+        matchDim = PyArray_NDIM(ap2) - 2;
+    }
+    else {
+        matchDim = 0;
+    }
+    if (PyArray_DIMS(ap2)[matchDim] != l) {
+        dot_alignment_error(ap1, PyArray_NDIM(ap1) - 1, ap2, matchDim);
+        goto fail;
+    }
+    nd = PyArray_NDIM(ap1) + PyArray_NDIM(ap2) - 2;
+    if (nd > NPY_MAXDIMS) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "dot: too many dimensions in result");
+        goto fail;
+    }
+    j = 0;
+    for (i = 0; i < PyArray_NDIM(ap1) - 1; i++) {
+        dimensions[j++] = PyArray_DIMS(ap1)[i];
+    }
+    for (i = 0; i < PyArray_NDIM(ap2) - 2; i++) {
+        dimensions[j++] = PyArray_DIMS(ap2)[i];
+    }
+    if(PyArray_NDIM(ap2) > 1) {
+        dimensions[j++] = PyArray_DIMS(ap2)[PyArray_NDIM(ap2)-1];
+    }
+
+    is1 = PyArray_STRIDES(ap1)[PyArray_NDIM(ap1)-1];
+    is2 = PyArray_STRIDES(ap2)[matchDim];
+    /* Choose which subtype to return */
+    ret = new_array_for_sum(ap1, ap2, out, nd, dimensions, typenum);
+    if (ret == NULL) {
+        goto fail;
+    }
+    /* Ensure that multiarray.dot(<Nx0>,<0xM>) -> zeros((N,M)) */
+    if (PyArray_SIZE(ap1) == 0 && PyArray_SIZE(ap2) == 0) {
+        memset(PyArray_DATA(ret), 0, PyArray_NBYTES(ret));
+    }
+
+    dot = PyArray_DESCR(ret)->f->dotfunc;
+    if (dot == NULL) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                        "dot not available for this type");
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    op = PyArray_DATA(ret);
+    os = PyArray_DESCR(ret)->elsize;
+    axis = PyArray_NDIM(ap1)-1;
+    it1 = (PyArrayIterObject *)
+        PyArray_IterAllButAxis((PyObject *)ap1, &axis);
+    if (it1 == NULL) {
+        goto fail;
+    }
+    it2 = (PyArrayIterObject *)
+        PyArray_IterAllButAxis((PyObject *)ap2, &matchDim);
+    if (it2 == NULL) {
+        Py_DECREF(it1);
+        goto fail;
+    }
+    NPY_BEGIN_THREADS_DESCR(PyArray_DESCR(ap2));
+    while (it1->index < it1->size) {
+        while (it2->index < it2->size) {
+            dot(it1->dataptr, is1, it2->dataptr, is2, op, l, ret);
+            op += os;
+            PyArray_ITER_NEXT(it2);
+        }
+        PyArray_ITER_NEXT(it1);
+        PyArray_ITER_RESET(it2);
+    }
+    NPY_END_THREADS_DESCR(PyArray_DESCR(ap2));
+    Py_DECREF(it1);
+    Py_DECREF(it2);
+    if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        /* only for OBJECT arrays */
+        goto fail;
+    }
+    Py_DECREF(ap1);
+    Py_DECREF(ap2);
+    return (PyObject *)ret;
+
+fail:
+    Py_XDECREF(ap1);
+    Py_XDECREF(ap2);
+    Py_XDECREF(ret);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+
+/*NUMPY_API
+ * Copy and Transpose
+ *
+ * Could deprecate this function, as there isn't a speed benefit over
+ * calling Transpose and then Copy.
+ */
+NPY_NO_EXPORT PyObject *
+PyArray_CopyAndTranspose(PyObject *op)
+{
+    PyArrayObject *arr, *tmp, *ret;
+    int i;
+    npy_intp new_axes_values[NPY_MAXDIMS];
+    PyArray_Dims new_axes;
+
+    /* Make sure we have an array */
+    arr = (PyArrayObject *)PyArray_FromAny(op, NULL, 0, 0, 0, NULL);
+    if (arr == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    if (PyArray_NDIM(arr) > 1) {
+        /* Set up the transpose operation */
+        new_axes.len = PyArray_NDIM(arr);
+        for (i = 0; i < new_axes.len; ++i) {
+            new_axes_values[i] = new_axes.len - i - 1;
+        }
+        new_axes.ptr = new_axes_values;
+
+        /* Do the transpose (always returns a view) */
+        tmp = (PyArrayObject *)PyArray_Transpose(arr, &new_axes);
+        if (tmp == NULL) {
+            Py_DECREF(arr);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        tmp = arr;
+        arr = NULL;
+    }
+
+    /* TODO: Change this to NPY_KEEPORDER for NumPy 2.0 */
+    ret = (PyArrayObject *)PyArray_NewCopy(tmp, NPY_CORDER);
+
+    Py_XDECREF(arr);
+    Py_DECREF(tmp);
+    return (PyObject *)ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Implementation which is common between PyArray_Correlate
+ * and PyArray_Correlate2.
+ *
+ * inverted is set to 1 if computed correlate(ap2, ap1), 0 otherwise
+ */
+static PyArrayObject*
+_pyarray_correlate(PyArrayObject *ap1, PyArrayObject *ap2, int typenum,
+                   int mode, int *inverted)
+{
+    PyArrayObject *ret;
+    npy_intp length;
+    npy_intp i, n1, n2, n, n_left, n_right;
+    npy_intp is1, is2, os;
+    char *ip1, *ip2, *op;
+    PyArray_DotFunc *dot;
+
+    NPY_BEGIN_THREADS_DEF;
+
+    n1 = PyArray_DIMS(ap1)[0];
+    n2 = PyArray_DIMS(ap2)[0];
+    if (n1 < n2) {
+        ret = ap1;
+        ap1 = ap2;
+        ap2 = ret;
+        ret = NULL;
+        i = n1;
+        n1 = n2;
+        n2 = i;
+        *inverted = 1;
+    } else {
+        *inverted = 0;
+    }
+
+    length = n1;
+    n = n2;
+    switch(mode) {
+    case 0:
+        length = length - n + 1;
+        n_left = n_right = 0;
+        break;
+    case 1:
+        n_left = (npy_intp)(n/2);
+        n_right = n - n_left - 1;
+        break;
+    case 2:
+        n_right = n - 1;
+        n_left = n - 1;
+        length = length + n - 1;
+        break;
+    default:
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "mode must be 0, 1, or 2");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Need to choose an output array that can hold a sum
+     * -- use priority to determine which subtype.
+     */
+    ret = new_array_for_sum(ap1, ap2, NULL, 1, &length, typenum);
+    if (ret == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    dot = PyArray_DESCR(ret)->f->dotfunc;
+    if (dot == NULL) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                        "function not available for this data type");
+        goto clean_ret;
+    }
+
+    NPY_BEGIN_THREADS_DESCR(PyArray_DESCR(ret));
+    is1 = PyArray_STRIDES(ap1)[0];
+    is2 = PyArray_STRIDES(ap2)[0];
+    op = PyArray_DATA(ret);
+    os = PyArray_DESCR(ret)->elsize;
+    ip1 = PyArray_DATA(ap1);
+    ip2 = PyArray_BYTES(ap2) + n_left*is2;
+    n = n - n_left;
+    for (i = 0; i < n_left; i++) {
+        dot(ip1, is1, ip2, is2, op, n, ret);
+        n++;
+        ip2 -= is2;
+        op += os;
+    }
+    if (small_correlate(ip1, is1, n1 - n2 + 1, PyArray_TYPE(ap1),
+                        ip2, is2, n, PyArray_TYPE(ap2),
+                        op, os)) {
+        ip1 += is1 * (n1 - n2 + 1);
+        op += os * (n1 - n2 + 1);
+    }
+    else {
+        for (i = 0; i < (n1 - n2 + 1); i++) {
+            dot(ip1, is1, ip2, is2, op, n, ret);
+            ip1 += is1;
+            op += os;
+        }
+    }
+    for (i = 0; i < n_right; i++) {
+        n--;
+        dot(ip1, is1, ip2, is2, op, n, ret);
+        ip1 += is1;
+        op += os;
+    }
+
+    NPY_END_THREADS_DESCR(PyArray_DESCR(ret));
+    if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto clean_ret;
+    }
+
+    return ret;
+
+clean_ret:
+    Py_DECREF(ret);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Revert a one dimensional array in-place
+ *
+ * Return 0 on success, other value on failure
+ */
+static int
+_pyarray_revert(PyArrayObject *ret)
+{
+    npy_intp length = PyArray_DIM(ret, 0);
+    npy_intp os = PyArray_DESCR(ret)->elsize;
+    char *op = PyArray_DATA(ret);
+    char *sw1 = op;
+    char *sw2;
+
+    if (PyArray_ISNUMBER(ret) && !PyArray_ISCOMPLEX(ret)) {
+        /* Optimization for unstructured dtypes */
+        PyArray_CopySwapNFunc *copyswapn = PyArray_DESCR(ret)->f->copyswapn;
+        sw2 = op + length * os - 1;
+        /* First reverse the whole array byte by byte... */
+        while(sw1 < sw2) {
+            const char tmp = *sw1;
+            *sw1++ = *sw2;
+            *sw2-- = tmp;
+        }
+        /* ...then swap in place every item */
+        copyswapn(op, os, NULL, 0, length, 1, NULL);
+    }
+    else {
+        char *tmp = PyArray_malloc(PyArray_DESCR(ret)->elsize);
+        if (tmp == NULL) {
+            return -1;
+        }
+        sw2 = op + (length - 1) * os;
+        while (sw1 < sw2) {
+            memcpy(tmp, sw1, os);
+            memcpy(sw1, sw2, os);
+            memcpy(sw2, tmp, os);
+            sw1 += os;
+            sw2 -= os;
+        }
+        PyArray_free(tmp);
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/*NUMPY_API
+ * correlate(a1,a2,mode)
+ *
+ * This function computes the usual correlation (correlate(a1, a2) !=
+ * correlate(a2, a1), and conjugate the second argument for complex inputs
+ */
+NPY_NO_EXPORT PyObject *
+PyArray_Correlate2(PyObject *op1, PyObject *op2, int mode)
+{
+    PyArrayObject *ap1, *ap2, *ret = NULL;
+    int typenum;
+    PyArray_Descr *typec;
+    int inverted;
+    int st;
+
+    typenum = PyArray_ObjectType(op1, 0);
+    typenum = PyArray_ObjectType(op2, typenum);
+
+    typec = PyArray_DescrFromType(typenum);
+    Py_INCREF(typec);
+    ap1 = (PyArrayObject *)PyArray_FromAny(op1, typec, 1, 1,
+                                        NPY_ARRAY_DEFAULT, NULL);
+    if (ap1 == NULL) {
+        Py_DECREF(typec);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    ap2 = (PyArrayObject *)PyArray_FromAny(op2, typec, 1, 1,
+                                        NPY_ARRAY_DEFAULT, NULL);
+    if (ap2 == NULL) {
+        goto clean_ap1;
+    }
+
+    if (PyArray_ISCOMPLEX(ap2)) {
+        PyArrayObject *cap2;
+        cap2 = (PyArrayObject *)PyArray_Conjugate(ap2, NULL);
+        if (cap2 == NULL) {
+            goto clean_ap2;
+        }
+        Py_DECREF(ap2);
+        ap2 = cap2;
+    }
+
+    ret = _pyarray_correlate(ap1, ap2, typenum, mode, &inverted);
+    if (ret == NULL) {
+        goto clean_ap2;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * If we inverted input orders, we need to reverse the output array (i.e.
+     * ret = ret[::-1])
+     */
+    if (inverted) {
+        st = _pyarray_revert(ret);
+        if(st) {
+            goto clean_ret;
+        }
+    }
+
+    Py_DECREF(ap1);
+    Py_DECREF(ap2);
+    return (PyObject *)ret;
+
+clean_ret:
+    Py_DECREF(ret);
+clean_ap2:
+    Py_DECREF(ap2);
+clean_ap1:
+    Py_DECREF(ap1);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+/*NUMPY_API
+ * Numeric.correlate(a1,a2,mode)
+ */
+NPY_NO_EXPORT PyObject *
+PyArray_Correlate(PyObject *op1, PyObject *op2, int mode)
+{
+    PyArrayObject *ap1, *ap2, *ret = NULL;
+    int typenum;
+    int unused;
+    PyArray_Descr *typec;
+
+    typenum = PyArray_ObjectType(op1, 0);
+    typenum = PyArray_ObjectType(op2, typenum);
+
+    typec = PyArray_DescrFromType(typenum);
+    Py_INCREF(typec);
+    ap1 = (PyArrayObject *)PyArray_FromAny(op1, typec, 1, 1,
+                                            NPY_ARRAY_DEFAULT, NULL);
+    if (ap1 == NULL) {
+        Py_DECREF(typec);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    ap2 = (PyArrayObject *)PyArray_FromAny(op2, typec, 1, 1,
+                                           NPY_ARRAY_DEFAULT, NULL);
+    if (ap2 == NULL) {
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    ret = _pyarray_correlate(ap1, ap2, typenum, mode, &unused);
+    if(ret == NULL) {
+        goto fail;
+    }
+    Py_DECREF(ap1);
+    Py_DECREF(ap2);
+    return (PyObject *)ret;
+
+fail:
+    Py_XDECREF(ap1);
+    Py_XDECREF(ap2);
+    Py_XDECREF(ret);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+
+static PyObject *
+array_putmask(PyObject *NPY_UNUSED(module), PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
+{
+    PyObject *mask, *values;
+    PyObject *array;
+
+    static char *kwlist[] = {"arr", "mask", "values", NULL};
+
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds, "O!OO:putmask", kwlist,
+                &PyArray_Type, &array, &mask, &values)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return PyArray_PutMask((PyArrayObject *)array, values, mask);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Compare the field dictionaries for two types.
+ *
+ * Return 1 if the contents are the same, 0 if not.
+ */
+static int
+_equivalent_fields(PyObject *field1, PyObject *field2) {
+
+    int same, val;
+
+    if (field1 == field2) {
+        return 1;
+    }
+    if (field1 == NULL || field2 == NULL) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+#if defined(NPY_PY3K)
+    val = PyObject_RichCompareBool(field1, field2, Py_EQ);
+    if (val != 1 || PyErr_Occurred()) {
+#else
+    val = PyObject_Compare(field1, field2);
+    if (val != 0 || PyErr_Occurred()) {
+#endif
+        same = 0;
+    }
+    else {
+        same = 1;
+    }
+    PyErr_Clear();
+    return same;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Compare the subarray data for two types.
+ * Return 1 if they are the same, 0 if not.
+ */
+static int
+_equivalent_subarrays(PyArray_ArrayDescr *sub1, PyArray_ArrayDescr *sub2)
+{
+    int val;
+
+    if (sub1 == sub2) {
+        return 1;
+
+    }
+    if (sub1 == NULL || sub2 == NULL) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+#if defined(NPY_PY3K)
+    val = PyObject_RichCompareBool(sub1->shape, sub2->shape, Py_EQ);
+    if (val != 1 || PyErr_Occurred()) {
+#else
+    val = PyObject_Compare(sub1->shape, sub2->shape);
+    if (val != 0 || PyErr_Occurred()) {
+#endif
+        PyErr_Clear();
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    return PyArray_EquivTypes(sub1->base, sub2->base);
+}
+
+
+/*NUMPY_API
+ *
+ * This function returns true if the two typecodes are
+ * equivalent (same basic kind and same itemsize).
+ */
+NPY_NO_EXPORT unsigned char
+PyArray_EquivTypes(PyArray_Descr *type1, PyArray_Descr *type2)
+{
+    int type_num1, type_num2, size1, size2;
+
+    if (type1 == type2) {
+        return NPY_TRUE;
+    }
+
+    type_num1 = type1->type_num;
+    type_num2 = type2->type_num;
+    size1 = type1->elsize;
+    size2 = type2->elsize;
+
+    if (size1 != size2) {
+        return NPY_FALSE;
+    }
+    if (PyArray_ISNBO(type1->byteorder) != PyArray_ISNBO(type2->byteorder)) {
+        return NPY_FALSE;
+    }
+    if (type1->subarray || type2->subarray) {
+        return ((type_num1 == type_num2)
+                && _equivalent_subarrays(type1->subarray, type2->subarray));
+    }
+    if (type_num1 == NPY_VOID
+        || type_num2 == NPY_VOID) {
+        return ((type_num1 == type_num2)
+                && _equivalent_fields(type1->fields, type2->fields));
+    }
+    if (type_num1 == NPY_DATETIME
+            || type_num1 == NPY_DATETIME
+            || type_num2 == NPY_TIMEDELTA
+            || type_num2 == NPY_TIMEDELTA) {
+        return ((type_num1 == type_num2)
+                && has_equivalent_datetime_metadata(type1, type2));
+    }
+    return type1->kind == type2->kind;
+}
+
+/*NUMPY_API*/
+NPY_NO_EXPORT unsigned char
+PyArray_EquivTypenums(int typenum1, int typenum2)
+{
+    PyArray_Descr *d1, *d2;
+    npy_bool ret;
+
+    if (typenum1 == typenum2) {
+        return NPY_SUCCEED;
+    }
+
+    d1 = PyArray_DescrFromType(typenum1);
+    d2 = PyArray_DescrFromType(typenum2);
+    ret = PyArray_EquivTypes(d1, d2);
+    Py_DECREF(d1);
+    Py_DECREF(d2);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+/*** END C-API FUNCTIONS **/
+/*
+ * NPY_RELAXED_STRIDES_CHECKING: If the strides logic is changed, the
+ * order specific stride setting is not necessary.
+ */
+static NPY_STEALS_REF_TO_ARG(1) PyObject *
+_prepend_ones(PyArrayObject *arr, int nd, int ndmin, NPY_ORDER order)
+{
+    npy_intp newdims[NPY_MAXDIMS];
+    npy_intp newstrides[NPY_MAXDIMS];
+    npy_intp newstride;
+    int i, k, num;
+    PyArrayObject *ret;
+    PyArray_Descr *dtype;
+
+    if (order == NPY_FORTRANORDER || PyArray_ISFORTRAN(arr) || PyArray_NDIM(arr) == 0) {
+        newstride = PyArray_DESCR(arr)->elsize;
+    }
+    else {
+        newstride = PyArray_STRIDES(arr)[0] * PyArray_DIMS(arr)[0];
+    }
+
+    num = ndmin - nd;
+    for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
+        newdims[i] = 1;
+        newstrides[i] = newstride;
+    }
+    for (i = num; i < ndmin; i++) {
+        k = i - num;
+        newdims[i] = PyArray_DIMS(arr)[k];
+        newstrides[i] = PyArray_STRIDES(arr)[k];
+    }
+    dtype = PyArray_DESCR(arr);
+    Py_INCREF(dtype);
+    ret = (PyArrayObject *)PyArray_NewFromDescr(Py_TYPE(arr),
+                        dtype, ndmin, newdims, newstrides,
+                        PyArray_DATA(arr),
+                        PyArray_FLAGS(arr),
+                        (PyObject *)arr);
+    if (ret == NULL) {
+        Py_DECREF(arr);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    /* steals a reference to arr --- so don't increment here */
+    if (PyArray_SetBaseObject(ret, (PyObject *)arr) < 0) {
+        Py_DECREF(ret);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    return (PyObject *)ret;
+}
+
+
+#define STRIDING_OK(op, order) \
+                ((order) == NPY_ANYORDER || \
+                 (order) == NPY_KEEPORDER || \
+                 ((order) == NPY_CORDER && PyArray_IS_C_CONTIGUOUS(op)) || \
+                 ((order) == NPY_FORTRANORDER && PyArray_IS_F_CONTIGUOUS(op)))
+
+static PyObject *
+_array_fromobject(PyObject *NPY_UNUSED(ignored), PyObject *args, PyObject *kws)
+{
+    PyObject *op;
+    PyArrayObject *oparr = NULL, *ret = NULL;
+    npy_bool subok = NPY_FALSE;
+    npy_bool copy = NPY_TRUE;
+    int ndmin = 0, nd;
+    PyArray_Descr *type = NULL;
+    PyArray_Descr *oldtype = NULL;
+    NPY_ORDER order = NPY_KEEPORDER;
+    int flags = 0;
+
+    static char *kwd[]= {"object", "dtype", "copy", "order", "subok",
+                         "ndmin", NULL};
+
+    if (PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args) > 2) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                        "only 2 non-keyword arguments accepted");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    /* super-fast path for ndarray argument calls */
+    if (PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args) == 0) {
+        goto full_path;
+    }
+    op = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, 0);
+    if (PyArray_CheckExact(op)) {
+        PyObject * dtype_obj = Py_None;
+        oparr = (PyArrayObject *)op;
+        /* get dtype which can be positional */
+        if (PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args) == 2) {
+            dtype_obj = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, 1);
+        }
+        else if (kws) {
+            dtype_obj = PyDict_GetItem(kws, npy_ma_str_dtype);
+            if (dtype_obj == NULL) {
+                dtype_obj = Py_None;
+            }
+        }
+        if (dtype_obj != Py_None) {
+            goto full_path;
+        }
+
+        /* array(ndarray) */
+        if (kws == NULL) {
+            ret = (PyArrayObject *)PyArray_NewCopy(oparr, order);
+            goto finish;
+        }
+        else {
+            /* fast path for copy=False rest default (np.asarray) */
+            PyObject * copy_obj, * order_obj, *ndmin_obj;
+            copy_obj = PyDict_GetItem(kws, npy_ma_str_copy);
+            if (copy_obj != Py_False) {
+                goto full_path;
+            }
+            copy = NPY_FALSE;
+
+            /* order does not matter for contiguous 1d arrays */
+            if (PyArray_NDIM((PyArrayObject*)op) > 1 ||
+                !PyArray_IS_C_CONTIGUOUS((PyArrayObject*)op)) {
+                order_obj = PyDict_GetItem(kws, npy_ma_str_order);
+                if (order_obj != Py_None && order_obj != NULL) {
+                    goto full_path;
+                }
+            }
+
+            ndmin_obj = PyDict_GetItem(kws, npy_ma_str_ndmin);
+            if (ndmin_obj) {
+                ndmin = PyLong_AsLong(ndmin_obj);
+                if (ndmin == -1 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+                    goto clean_type;
+                }
+                else if (ndmin > NPY_MAXDIMS) {
+                    goto full_path;
+                }
+            }
+
+            /* copy=False with default dtype, order and ndim */
+            if (STRIDING_OK(oparr, order)) {
+                ret = oparr;
+                Py_INCREF(ret);
+                goto finish;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+full_path:
+    if(!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kws, "O|O&O&O&O&i", kwd,
+                &op,
+                PyArray_DescrConverter2, &type,
+                PyArray_BoolConverter, &copy,
+                PyArray_OrderConverter, &order,
+                PyArray_BoolConverter, &subok,
+                &ndmin)) {
+        goto clean_type;
+    }
+
+    if (ndmin > NPY_MAXDIMS) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
+                "ndmin bigger than allowable number of dimensions "
+                "NPY_MAXDIMS (=%d)", NPY_MAXDIMS);
+        goto clean_type;
+    }
+    /* fast exit if simple call */
+    if ((subok && PyArray_Check(op)) ||
+        (!subok && PyArray_CheckExact(op))) {
+        oparr = (PyArrayObject *)op;
+        if (type == NULL) {
+            if (!copy && STRIDING_OK(oparr, order)) {
+                ret = oparr;
+                Py_INCREF(ret);
+                goto finish;
+            }
+            else {
+                ret = (PyArrayObject *)PyArray_NewCopy(oparr, order);
+                goto finish;
+            }
+        }
+        /* One more chance */
+        oldtype = PyArray_DESCR(oparr);
+        if (PyArray_EquivTypes(oldtype, type)) {
+            if (!copy && STRIDING_OK(oparr, order)) {
+                Py_INCREF(op);
+                ret = oparr;
+                goto finish;
+            }
+            else {
+                ret = (PyArrayObject *)PyArray_NewCopy(oparr, order);
+                if (oldtype == type || ret == NULL) {
+                    goto finish;
+                }
+                Py_INCREF(oldtype);
+                Py_DECREF(PyArray_DESCR(ret));
+                ((PyArrayObject_fields *)ret)->descr = oldtype;
+                goto finish;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (copy) {
+        flags = NPY_ARRAY_ENSURECOPY;
+    }
+    if (order == NPY_CORDER) {
+        flags |= NPY_ARRAY_C_CONTIGUOUS;
+    }
+    else if ((order == NPY_FORTRANORDER)
+                 /* order == NPY_ANYORDER && */
+                 || (PyArray_Check(op) &&
+                     PyArray_ISFORTRAN((PyArrayObject *)op))) {
+        flags |= NPY_ARRAY_F_CONTIGUOUS;
+    }
+    if (!subok) {
+        flags |= NPY_ARRAY_ENSUREARRAY;
+    }
+
+    flags |= NPY_ARRAY_FORCECAST;
+    Py_XINCREF(type);
+    ret = (PyArrayObject *)PyArray_CheckFromAny(op, type,
+                                                0, 0, flags, NULL);
+
+ finish:
+    Py_XDECREF(type);
+    if (ret == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    nd = PyArray_NDIM(ret);
+    if (nd >= ndmin) {
+        return (PyObject *)ret;
+    }
+    /*
+     * create a new array from the same data with ones in the shape
+     * steals a reference to ret
+     */
+    return _prepend_ones(ret, nd, ndmin, order);
+
+clean_type:
+    Py_XDECREF(type);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+array_copyto(PyObject *NPY_UNUSED(ignored), PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
+{
+
+    static char *kwlist[] = {"dst","src","casting","where",NULL};
+    PyObject *wheremask_in = NULL;
+    PyArrayObject *dst = NULL, *src = NULL, *wheremask = NULL;
+    NPY_CASTING casting = NPY_SAME_KIND_CASTING;
+
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds, "O!O&|O&O", kwlist,
+                &PyArray_Type, &dst,
+                &PyArray_Converter, &src,
+                &PyArray_CastingConverter, &casting,
+                &wheremask_in)) {
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    if (wheremask_in != NULL) {
+        /* Get the boolean where mask */
+        PyArray_Descr *dtype = PyArray_DescrFromType(NPY_BOOL);
+        if (dtype == NULL) {
+            goto fail;
+        }
+        wheremask = (PyArrayObject *)PyArray_FromAny(wheremask_in,
+                                        dtype, 0, 0, 0, NULL);
+        if (wheremask == NULL) {
+            goto fail;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (PyArray_AssignArray(dst, src, wheremask, casting) < 0) {
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    Py_XDECREF(src);
+    Py_XDECREF(wheremask);
+
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+
+fail:
+    Py_XDECREF(src);
+    Py_XDECREF(wheremask);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+array_empty(PyObject *NPY_UNUSED(ignored), PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
+{
+
+    static char *kwlist[] = {"shape","dtype","order",NULL};
+    PyArray_Descr *typecode = NULL;
+    PyArray_Dims shape = {NULL, 0};
+    NPY_ORDER order = NPY_CORDER;
+    npy_bool is_f_order;
+    PyArrayObject *ret = NULL;
+
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds, "O&|O&O&", kwlist,
+                PyArray_IntpConverter, &shape,
+                PyArray_DescrConverter, &typecode,
+                PyArray_OrderConverter, &order)) {
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    switch (order) {
+        case NPY_CORDER:
+            is_f_order = NPY_FALSE;
+            break;
+        case NPY_FORTRANORDER:
+            is_f_order = NPY_TRUE;
+            break;
+        default:
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                            "only 'C' or 'F' order is permitted");
+            goto fail;
+    }
+
+    ret = (PyArrayObject *)PyArray_Empty(shape.len, shape.ptr,
+                                            typecode, is_f_order);
+
+    PyDimMem_FREE(shape.ptr);
+    return (PyObject *)ret;
+
+fail:
+    Py_XDECREF(typecode);
+    PyDimMem_FREE(shape.ptr);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+array_empty_like(PyObject *NPY_UNUSED(ignored), PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
+{
+
+    static char *kwlist[] = {"prototype","dtype","order","subok",NULL};
+    PyArrayObject *prototype = NULL;
+    PyArray_Descr *dtype = NULL;
+    NPY_ORDER order = NPY_KEEPORDER;
+    PyArrayObject *ret = NULL;
+    int subok = 1;
+
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds, "O&|O&O&i", kwlist,
+                &PyArray_Converter, &prototype,
+                &PyArray_DescrConverter2, &dtype,
+                &PyArray_OrderConverter, &order,
+                &subok)) {
+        goto fail;
+    }
+    /* steals the reference to dtype if it's not NULL */
+    ret = (PyArrayObject *)PyArray_NewLikeArray(prototype,
+                                            order, dtype, subok);
+    Py_DECREF(prototype);
+
+    return (PyObject *)ret;
+
+fail:
+    Py_XDECREF(prototype);
+    Py_XDECREF(dtype);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This function is needed for supporting Pickles of
+ * numpy scalar objects.
+ */
+static PyObject *
+array_scalar(PyObject *NPY_UNUSED(ignored), PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
+{
+
+    static char *kwlist[] = {"dtype","obj", NULL};
+    PyArray_Descr *typecode;
+    PyObject *obj = NULL, *tmpobj = NULL;
+    int alloc = 0;
+    void *dptr;
+    PyObject *ret;
+
+
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds, "O!|O", kwlist,
+                &PyArrayDescr_Type, &typecode, &obj)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    if (PyDataType_FLAGCHK(typecode, NPY_ITEM_IS_POINTER)) {
+        if (obj == NULL) {
+            obj = Py_None;
+        }
+        dptr = &obj;
+    }
+    else {
+        if (obj == NULL) {
+            if (typecode->elsize == 0) {
+                typecode->elsize = 1;
+            }
+            dptr = PyArray_malloc(typecode->elsize);
+            if (dptr == NULL) {
+                return PyErr_NoMemory();
+            }
+            memset(dptr, '\0', typecode->elsize);
+            alloc = 1;
+        }
+        else {
+#if defined(NPY_PY3K)
+            /* Backward compatibility with Python 2 Numpy pickles */
+            if (PyUnicode_Check(obj)) {
+                tmpobj = PyUnicode_AsLatin1String(obj);
+                obj = tmpobj;
+                if (tmpobj == NULL) {
+                    /* More informative error message */
+                    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                            "Failed to encode Numpy scalar data string to "
+                            "latin1,\npickle.load(a, encoding='latin1') is "
+                            "assumed if unpickling.");
+                    return NULL;
+                }
+            }
+#endif
+
+            if (!PyString_Check(obj)) {
+                PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "initializing object must be a string");
+                Py_XDECREF(tmpobj);
+                return NULL;
+            }
+            if (PyString_GET_SIZE(obj) < typecode->elsize) {
+                PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                        "initialization string is too small");
+                Py_XDECREF(tmpobj);
+                return NULL;
+            }
+            dptr = PyString_AS_STRING(obj);
+        }
+    }
+    ret = PyArray_Scalar(dptr, typecode, NULL);
+
+    /* free dptr which contains zeros */
+    if (alloc) {
+        PyArray_free(dptr);
+    }
+    Py_XDECREF(tmpobj);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+array_zeros(PyObject *NPY_UNUSED(ignored), PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
+{
+    static char *kwlist[] = {"shape","dtype","order",NULL};
+    PyArray_Descr *typecode = NULL;
+    PyArray_Dims shape = {NULL, 0};
+    NPY_ORDER order = NPY_CORDER;
+    npy_bool is_f_order = NPY_FALSE;
+    PyArrayObject *ret = NULL;
+
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds, "O&|O&O&", kwlist,
+                PyArray_IntpConverter, &shape,
+                PyArray_DescrConverter, &typecode,
+                PyArray_OrderConverter, &order)) {
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    switch (order) {
+        case NPY_CORDER:
+            is_f_order = NPY_FALSE;
+            break;
+        case NPY_FORTRANORDER:
+            is_f_order = NPY_TRUE;
+            break;
+        default:
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                            "only 'C' or 'F' order is permitted");
+            goto fail;
+    }
+
+    ret = (PyArrayObject *)PyArray_Zeros(shape.len, shape.ptr,
+                                        typecode, (int) is_f_order);
+
+    PyDimMem_FREE(shape.ptr);
+    return (PyObject *)ret;
+
+fail:
+    Py_XDECREF(typecode);
+    PyDimMem_FREE(shape.ptr);
+    return (PyObject *)ret;
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+array_count_nonzero(PyObject *NPY_UNUSED(self), PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
+{
+    PyObject *array_in;
+    PyArrayObject *array;
+    npy_intp count;
+
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O", &array_in)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    array = (PyArrayObject *)PyArray_FromAny(array_in, NULL, 0, 0, 0, NULL);
+    if (array == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    count =  PyArray_CountNonzero(array);
+
+    Py_DECREF(array);
+
+    if (count == -1) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+#if defined(NPY_PY3K)
+    return PyLong_FromSsize_t(count);
+#else
+    return PyInt_FromSsize_t(count);
+#endif
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+array_fromstring(PyObject *NPY_UNUSED(ignored), PyObject *args, PyObject *keywds)
+{
+    char *data;
+    Py_ssize_t nin = -1;
+    char *sep = NULL;
+    Py_ssize_t s;
+    static char *kwlist[] = {"string", "dtype", "count", "sep", NULL};
+    PyArray_Descr *descr = NULL;
+
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, keywds,
+                "s#|O&" NPY_SSIZE_T_PYFMT "s", kwlist,
+                &data, &s, PyArray_DescrConverter, &descr, &nin, &sep)) {
+        Py_XDECREF(descr);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return PyArray_FromString(data, (npy_intp)s, descr, (npy_intp)nin, sep);
+}
+
+
+
+static PyObject *
+array_fromfile(PyObject *NPY_UNUSED(ignored), PyObject *args, PyObject *keywds)
+{
+    PyObject *file = NULL, *ret;
+    char *sep = "";
+    Py_ssize_t nin = -1;
+    static char *kwlist[] = {"file", "dtype", "count", "sep", NULL};
+    PyArray_Descr *type = NULL;
+    int own;
+    npy_off_t orig_pos;
+    FILE *fp;
+
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, keywds,
+                "O|O&" NPY_SSIZE_T_PYFMT "s", kwlist,
+                &file, PyArray_DescrConverter, &type, &nin, &sep)) {
+        Py_XDECREF(type);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (PyString_Check(file) || PyUnicode_Check(file)) {
+        file = npy_PyFile_OpenFile(file, "rb");
+        if (file == NULL) {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        own = 1;
+    }
+    else {
+        Py_INCREF(file);
+        own = 0;
+    }
+    fp = npy_PyFile_Dup2(file, "rb", &orig_pos);
+    if (fp == NULL) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IOError,
+                "first argument must be an open file");
+        Py_DECREF(file);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (type == NULL) {
+        type = PyArray_DescrFromType(NPY_DEFAULT_TYPE);
+    }
+    ret = PyArray_FromFile(fp, type, (npy_intp) nin, sep);
+
+    if (npy_PyFile_DupClose2(file, fp, orig_pos) < 0) {
+        goto fail;
+    }
+    if (own && npy_PyFile_CloseFile(file) < 0) {
+        goto fail;
+    }
+    Py_DECREF(file);
+    return ret;
+
+fail:
+    Py_DECREF(file);
+    Py_DECREF(ret);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+array_fromiter(PyObject *NPY_UNUSED(ignored), PyObject *args, PyObject *keywds)
+{
+    PyObject *iter;
+    Py_ssize_t nin = -1;
+    static char *kwlist[] = {"iter", "dtype", "count", NULL};
+    PyArray_Descr *descr = NULL;
+
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, keywds,
+                "OO&|" NPY_SSIZE_T_PYFMT, kwlist,
+                &iter, PyArray_DescrConverter, &descr, &nin)) {
+        Py_XDECREF(descr);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return PyArray_FromIter(iter, descr, (npy_intp)nin);
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+array_frombuffer(PyObject *NPY_UNUSED(ignored), PyObject *args, PyObject *keywds)
+{
+    PyObject *obj = NULL;
+    Py_ssize_t nin = -1, offset = 0;
+    static char *kwlist[] = {"buffer", "dtype", "count", "offset", NULL};
+    PyArray_Descr *type = NULL;
+
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, keywds,
+                "O|O&" NPY_SSIZE_T_PYFMT NPY_SSIZE_T_PYFMT, kwlist,
+                &obj, PyArray_DescrConverter, &type, &nin, &offset)) {
+        Py_XDECREF(type);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (type == NULL) {
+        type = PyArray_DescrFromType(NPY_DEFAULT_TYPE);
+    }
+    return PyArray_FromBuffer(obj, type, (npy_intp)nin, (npy_intp)offset);
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+array_concatenate(PyObject *NPY_UNUSED(dummy), PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
+{
+    PyObject *a0;
+    int axis = 0;
+    static char *kwlist[] = {"seq", "axis", NULL};
+
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds, "O|O&", kwlist,
+                &a0, PyArray_AxisConverter, &axis)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return PyArray_Concatenate(a0, axis);
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+array_innerproduct(PyObject *NPY_UNUSED(dummy), PyObject *args)
+{
+    PyObject *b0, *a0;
+
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "OO", &a0, &b0)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return PyArray_Return((PyArrayObject *)PyArray_InnerProduct(a0, b0));
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+array_matrixproduct(PyObject *NPY_UNUSED(dummy), PyObject *args, PyObject* kwds)
+{
+    static PyUFuncObject *cached_npy_dot = NULL;
+    int errval;
+    PyObject *override = NULL;
+    PyObject *v, *a, *o = NULL;
+    PyArrayObject *ret;
+    char* kwlist[] = {"a", "b", "out", NULL };
+
+    if (cached_npy_dot == NULL) {
+        PyObject *module = PyImport_ImportModule("numpy.core.multiarray");
+        cached_npy_dot = (PyUFuncObject*)PyDict_GetItemString(
+                                              PyModule_GetDict(module), "dot");
+
+        Py_INCREF(cached_npy_dot);
+        Py_DECREF(module);
+    }
+
+    errval = PyUFunc_CheckOverride(cached_npy_dot, "__call__", args, kwds,
+                                   &override, 2);
+    if (errval) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    else if (override) {
+        return override;
+    }
+
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds, "OO|O", kwlist, &a, &v, &o)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (o == Py_None) {
+        o = NULL;
+    }
+    if (o != NULL && !PyArray_Check(o)) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "'out' must be an array");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    ret = (PyArrayObject *)PyArray_MatrixProduct2(a, v, (PyArrayObject *)o);
+    return PyArray_Return(ret);
+}
+
+
+static PyObject *
+array_vdot(PyObject *NPY_UNUSED(dummy), PyObject *args)
+{
+    int typenum;
+    char *ip1, *ip2, *op;
+    npy_intp n, stride1, stride2;
+    PyObject *op1, *op2;
+    npy_intp newdimptr[1] = {-1};
+    PyArray_Dims newdims = {newdimptr, 1};
+    PyArrayObject *ap1 = NULL, *ap2  = NULL, *ret = NULL;
+    PyArray_Descr *type;
+    PyArray_DotFunc *vdot;
+    NPY_BEGIN_THREADS_DEF;
+
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "OO", &op1, &op2)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Conjugating dot product using the BLAS for vectors.
+     * Flattens both op1 and op2 before dotting.
+     */
+    typenum = PyArray_ObjectType(op1, 0);
+    typenum = PyArray_ObjectType(op2, typenum);
+
+    type = PyArray_DescrFromType(typenum);
+    Py_INCREF(type);
+    ap1 = (PyArrayObject *)PyArray_FromAny(op1, type, 0, 0, 0, NULL);
+    if (ap1 == NULL) {
+        Py_DECREF(type);
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    op1 = PyArray_Newshape(ap1, &newdims, NPY_CORDER);
+    if (op1 == NULL) {
+        Py_DECREF(type);
+        goto fail;
+    }
+    Py_DECREF(ap1);
+    ap1 = (PyArrayObject *)op1;
+
+    ap2 = (PyArrayObject *)PyArray_FromAny(op2, type, 0, 0, 0, NULL);
+    if (ap2 == NULL) {
+        goto fail;
+    }
+    op2 = PyArray_Newshape(ap2, &newdims, NPY_CORDER);
+    if (op2 == NULL) {
+        goto fail;
+    }
+    Py_DECREF(ap2);
+    ap2 = (PyArrayObject *)op2;
+
+    if (PyArray_DIM(ap2, 0) != PyArray_DIM(ap1, 0)) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                "vectors have different lengths");
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    /* array scalar output */
+    ret = new_array_for_sum(ap1, ap2, NULL, 0, (npy_intp *)NULL, typenum);
+    if (ret == NULL) {
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    n = PyArray_DIM(ap1, 0);
+    stride1 = PyArray_STRIDE(ap1, 0);
+    stride2 = PyArray_STRIDE(ap2, 0);
+    ip1 = PyArray_DATA(ap1);
+    ip2 = PyArray_DATA(ap2);
+    op = PyArray_DATA(ret);
+
+    switch (typenum) {
+        case NPY_CFLOAT:
+            vdot = (PyArray_DotFunc *)CFLOAT_vdot;
+            break;
+        case NPY_CDOUBLE:
+            vdot = (PyArray_DotFunc *)CDOUBLE_vdot;
+            break;
+        case NPY_CLONGDOUBLE:
+            vdot = (PyArray_DotFunc *)CLONGDOUBLE_vdot;
+            break;
+        case NPY_OBJECT:
+            vdot = (PyArray_DotFunc *)OBJECT_vdot;
+            break;
+        default:
+            vdot = type->f->dotfunc;
+            if (vdot == NULL) {
+                PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                        "function not available for this data type");
+                goto fail;
+            }
+    }
+
+    if (n < 500) {
+        vdot(ip1, stride1, ip2, stride2, op, n, NULL);
+    }
+    else {
+        NPY_BEGIN_THREADS_DESCR(type);
+        vdot(ip1, stride1, ip2, stride2, op, n, NULL);
+        NPY_END_THREADS_DESCR(type);
+    }
+
+    Py_XDECREF(ap1);
+    Py_XDECREF(ap2);
+    return PyArray_Return(ret);
+fail:
+    Py_XDECREF(ap1);
+    Py_XDECREF(ap2);
+    Py_XDECREF(ret);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+ * matmul
+ *
+ * Implements the protocol used by the '@' operator defined in PEP 364.
+ * Not in the NUMPY API at this time, maybe later.
+ *
+ *
+ * in1:        Left hand side operand
+ * in2:        Right hand side operand
+ * out:        Either NULL, or an array into which the output should be placed.
+ *
+ * Returns NULL on error.
+ * Returns NotImplemented on priority override.
+ */
+static PyObject *
+array_matmul(PyObject *NPY_UNUSED(m), PyObject *args, PyObject* kwds)
+{
+    static PyObject *matmul = NULL;
+    int errval;
+    PyObject *override = NULL;
+    PyObject *in1, *in2, *out = NULL;
+    char* kwlist[] = {"a", "b", "out", NULL };
+    PyArrayObject *ap1, *ap2, *ret = NULL;
+    NPY_ORDER order = NPY_KEEPORDER;
+    NPY_CASTING casting = NPY_SAFE_CASTING;
+    PyArray_Descr *dtype;
+    int nd1, nd2, typenum;
+    char *subscripts;
+    PyArrayObject *ops[2];
+
+    npy_cache_import("numpy.core.multiarray", "matmul", &matmul);
+    if (matmul == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    errval = PyUFunc_CheckOverride((PyUFuncObject*)matmul, "__call__",
+                                   args, kwds, &override, 2);
+    if (errval) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    else if (override) {
+        return override;
+    }
+
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds, "OO|O", kwlist,
+                                     &in1, &in2, &out)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    if (out == Py_None) {
+        out = NULL;
+    }
+    if (out != NULL && !PyArray_Check(out)) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "'out' must be an array");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    dtype = PyArray_DescrFromObject(in1, NULL);
+    dtype = PyArray_DescrFromObject(in2, dtype);
+    if (dtype == NULL) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                "Cannot find a common data type.");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    typenum = dtype->type_num;
+
+    if (typenum == NPY_OBJECT) {
+        /* matmul is not currently implemented for object arrays */
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                "Object arrays are not currently supported");
+        Py_DECREF(dtype);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    ap1 = (PyArrayObject *)PyArray_FromAny(in1, dtype, 0, 0,
+                                           NPY_ARRAY_ALIGNED, NULL);
+    if (ap1 == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    Py_INCREF(dtype);
+    ap2 = (PyArrayObject *)PyArray_FromAny(in2, dtype, 0, 0,
+                                           NPY_ARRAY_ALIGNED, NULL);
+    if (ap2 == NULL) {
+        Py_DECREF(ap1);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    if (PyArray_NDIM(ap1) == 0 || PyArray_NDIM(ap2) == 0) {
+        /* Scalars are rejected */
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                "Scalar operands are not allowed, use '*' instead");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    nd1 = PyArray_NDIM(ap1);
+    nd2 = PyArray_NDIM(ap2);
+
+#if defined(HAVE_CBLAS)
+    if (nd1 <= 2 && nd2 <= 2 &&
+            (NPY_DOUBLE == typenum || NPY_CDOUBLE == typenum ||
+             NPY_FLOAT == typenum || NPY_CFLOAT == typenum)) {
+        return cblas_matrixproduct(typenum, ap1, ap2, (PyArrayObject *)out);
+    }
+#endif
+
+    /*
+     * Use einsum for the stacked cases. This is a quick implementation
+     * to avoid setting up the proper iterators. Einsum broadcasts, so
+     * we need to check dimensions before the call.
+     */
+    if (nd1 == 1 && nd2 == 1) {
+        /* vector vector */
+        if (PyArray_DIM(ap1, 0) != PyArray_DIM(ap2, 0)) {
+            dot_alignment_error(ap1, 0, ap2, 0);
+            goto fail;
+        }
+        subscripts = "i, i";
+    }
+    else if (nd1 == 1) {
+        /* vector  matrix */
+        if (PyArray_DIM(ap1, 0) != PyArray_DIM(ap2, nd2 - 2)) {
+            dot_alignment_error(ap1, 0, ap2, nd2 - 2);
+            goto fail;
+        }
+        subscripts = "i, ...ij";
+    }
+    else if (nd2 == 1) {
+        /* matrix  vector */
+        if (PyArray_DIM(ap1, nd1 - 1) != PyArray_DIM(ap2, 0)) {
+            dot_alignment_error(ap1, nd1 - 1, ap2, 0);
+            goto fail;
+        }
+        subscripts = "...i, i";
+    }
+    else {
+        /* matrix * matrix */
+        if (PyArray_DIM(ap1, nd1 - 1) != PyArray_DIM(ap2, nd2 - 2)) {
+            dot_alignment_error(ap1, nd1 - 1, ap2, nd2 - 2);
+            goto fail;
+        }
+        subscripts = "...ij, ...jk";
+    }
+    ops[0] = ap1;
+    ops[1] = ap2;
+    ret = PyArray_EinsteinSum(subscripts, 2, ops, NULL, order, casting,
+            (PyArrayObject *)out);
+    Py_DECREF(ap1);
+    Py_DECREF(ap2);
+
+    /* If no output was supplied, possibly convert to a scalar */
+    if (ret != NULL && out == NULL) {
+        return PyArray_Return((PyArrayObject *)ret);
+    }
+    return (PyObject *)ret;
+
+fail:
+    Py_XDECREF(ap1);
+    Py_XDECREF(ap2);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+
+static int
+einsum_sub_op_from_str(PyObject *args, PyObject **str_obj, char **subscripts,
+                       PyArrayObject **op)
+{
+    int i, nop;
+    PyObject *subscripts_str;
+
+    nop = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args) - 1;
+    if (nop <= 0) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                        "must specify the einstein sum subscripts string "
+                        "and at least one operand");
+        return -1;
+    }
+    else if (nop >= NPY_MAXARGS) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "too many operands");
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    /* Get the subscripts string */
+    subscripts_str = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, 0);
+    if (PyUnicode_Check(subscripts_str)) {
+        *str_obj = PyUnicode_AsASCIIString(subscripts_str);
+        if (*str_obj == NULL) {
+            return -1;
+        }
+        subscripts_str = *str_obj;
+    }
+
+    *subscripts = PyBytes_AsString(subscripts_str);
+    if (*subscripts == NULL) {
+        Py_XDECREF(*str_obj);
+        *str_obj = NULL;
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    /* Set the operands to NULL */
+    for (i = 0; i < nop; ++i) {
+        op[i] = NULL;
+    }
+
+    /* Get the operands */
+    for (i = 0; i < nop; ++i) {
+        PyObject *obj = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, i+1);
+
+        op[i] = (PyArrayObject *)PyArray_FromAny(obj,
+                                NULL, 0, 0, NPY_ARRAY_ENSUREARRAY, NULL);
+        if (op[i] == NULL) {
+            goto fail;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return nop;
+
+fail:
+    for (i = 0; i < nop; ++i) {
+        Py_XDECREF(op[i]);
+        op[i] = NULL;
+    }
+
+    return -1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Converts a list of subscripts to a string.
+ *
+ * Returns -1 on error, the number of characters placed in subscripts
+ * otherwise.
+ */
+static int
+einsum_list_to_subscripts(PyObject *obj, char *subscripts, int subsize)
+{
+    int ellipsis = 0, subindex = 0;
+    npy_intp i, size;
+    PyObject *item;
+
+    obj = PySequence_Fast(obj, "the subscripts for each operand must "
+                               "be a list or a tuple");
+    if (obj == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    size = PySequence_Size(obj);
+
+
+    for (i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
+        item = PySequence_Fast_GET_ITEM(obj, i);
+        /* Ellipsis */
+        if (item == Py_Ellipsis) {
+            if (ellipsis) {
+                PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                        "each subscripts list may have only one ellipsis");
+                Py_DECREF(obj);
+                return -1;
+            }
+            if (subindex + 3 >= subsize) {
+                PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                        "subscripts list is too long");
+                Py_DECREF(obj);
+                return -1;
+            }
+            subscripts[subindex++] = '.';
+            subscripts[subindex++] = '.';
+            subscripts[subindex++] = '.';
+            ellipsis = 1;
+        }
+        /* Subscript */
+        else if (PyInt_Check(item) || PyLong_Check(item)) {
+            long s = PyInt_AsLong(item);
+            if ( s < 0 || s > 2*26) {
+                PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                        "subscript is not within the valid range [0, 52]");
+                Py_DECREF(obj);
+                return -1;
+            }
+            if (s < 26) {
+                subscripts[subindex++] = 'A' + s;
+            }
+            else {
+                subscripts[subindex++] = 'a' + s;
+            }
+            if (subindex >= subsize) {
+                PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                        "subscripts list is too long");
+                Py_DECREF(obj);
+                return -1;
+            }
+        }
+        /* Invalid */
+        else {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                    "each subscript must be either an integer "
+                    "or an ellipsis");
+            Py_DECREF(obj);
+            return -1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    Py_DECREF(obj);
+
+    return subindex;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Fills in the subscripts, with maximum size subsize, and op,
+ * with the values in the tuple 'args'.
+ *
+ * Returns -1 on error, number of operands placed in op otherwise.
+ */
+static int
+einsum_sub_op_from_lists(PyObject *args,
+                char *subscripts, int subsize, PyArrayObject **op)
+{
+    int subindex = 0;
+    npy_intp i, nop;
+
+    nop = PyTuple_Size(args)/2;
+
+    if (nop == 0) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "must provide at least an "
+                        "operand and a subscripts list to einsum");
+        return -1;
+    }
+    else if(nop >= NPY_MAXARGS) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "too many operands");
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    /* Set the operands to NULL */
+    for (i = 0; i < nop; ++i) {
+        op[i] = NULL;
+    }
+
+    /* Get the operands and build the subscript string */
+    for (i = 0; i < nop; ++i) {
+        PyObject *obj = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, 2*i);
+        int n;
+
+        /* Comma between the subscripts for each operand */
+        if (i != 0) {
+            subscripts[subindex++] = ',';
+            if (subindex >= subsize) {
+                PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                        "subscripts list is too long");
+                goto fail;
+            }
+        }
+
+        op[i] = (PyArrayObject *)PyArray_FromAny(obj,
+                                NULL, 0, 0, NPY_ARRAY_ENSUREARRAY, NULL);
+        if (op[i] == NULL) {
+            goto fail;
+        }
+
+        obj = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, 2*i+1);
+        n = einsum_list_to_subscripts(obj, subscripts+subindex,
+                                      subsize-subindex);
+        if (n < 0) {
+            goto fail;
+        }
+        subindex += n;
+    }
+
+    /* Add the '->' to the string if provided */
+    if (PyTuple_Size(args) == 2*nop+1) {
+        PyObject *obj;
+        int n;
+
+        if (subindex + 2 >= subsize) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                    "subscripts list is too long");
+            goto fail;
+        }
+        subscripts[subindex++] = '-';
+        subscripts[subindex++] = '>';
+
+        obj = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, 2*nop);
+        n = einsum_list_to_subscripts(obj, subscripts+subindex,
+                                      subsize-subindex);
+        if (n < 0) {
+            goto fail;
+        }
+        subindex += n;
+    }
+
+    /* NULL-terminate the subscripts string */
+    subscripts[subindex] = '\0';
+
+    return nop;
+
+fail:
+    for (i = 0; i < nop; ++i) {
+        Py_XDECREF(op[i]);
+        op[i] = NULL;
+    }
+
+    return -1;
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+array_einsum(PyObject *NPY_UNUSED(dummy), PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
+{
+    char *subscripts = NULL, subscripts_buffer[256];
+    PyObject *str_obj = NULL, *str_key_obj = NULL;
+    PyObject *arg0;
+    int i, nop;
+    PyArrayObject *op[NPY_MAXARGS];
+    NPY_ORDER order = NPY_KEEPORDER;
+    NPY_CASTING casting = NPY_SAFE_CASTING;
+    PyArrayObject *out = NULL;
+    PyArray_Descr *dtype = NULL;
+    PyObject *ret = NULL;
+
+    if (PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args) < 1) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                        "must specify the einstein sum subscripts string "
+                        "and at least one operand, or at least one operand "
+                        "and its corresponding subscripts list");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    arg0 = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, 0);
+
+    /* einsum('i,j', a, b), einsum('i,j->ij', a, b) */
+    if (PyString_Check(arg0) || PyUnicode_Check(arg0)) {
+        nop = einsum_sub_op_from_str(args, &str_obj, &subscripts, op);
+    }
+    /* einsum(a, [0], b, [1]), einsum(a, [0], b, [1], [0,1]) */
+    else {
+        nop = einsum_sub_op_from_lists(args, subscripts_buffer,
+                                    sizeof(subscripts_buffer), op);
+        subscripts = subscripts_buffer;
+    }
+    if (nop <= 0) {
+        goto finish;
+    }
+
+    /* Get the keyword arguments */
+    if (kwds != NULL) {
+        PyObject *key, *value;
+        Py_ssize_t pos = 0;
+        while (PyDict_Next(kwds, &pos, &key, &value)) {
+            char *str = NULL;
+
+#if defined(NPY_PY3K)
+            Py_XDECREF(str_key_obj);
+            str_key_obj = PyUnicode_AsASCIIString(key);
+            if (str_key_obj != NULL) {
+                key = str_key_obj;
+            }
+#endif
+
+            str = PyBytes_AsString(key);
+
+            if (str == NULL) {
+                PyErr_Clear();
+                PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "invalid keyword");
+                goto finish;
+            }
+
+            if (strcmp(str,"out") == 0) {
+                if (PyArray_Check(value)) {
+                    out = (PyArrayObject *)value;
+                }
+                else {
+                    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                                "keyword parameter out must be an "
+                                "array for einsum");
+                    goto finish;
+                }
+            }
+            else if (strcmp(str,"order") == 0) {
+                if (!PyArray_OrderConverter(value, &order)) {
+                    goto finish;
+                }
+            }
+            else if (strcmp(str,"casting") == 0) {
+                if (!PyArray_CastingConverter(value, &casting)) {
+                    goto finish;
+                }
+            }
+            else if (strcmp(str,"dtype") == 0) {
+                if (!PyArray_DescrConverter2(value, &dtype)) {
+                    goto finish;
+                }
+            }
+            else {
+                PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                            "'%s' is an invalid keyword for einsum",
+                            str);
+                goto finish;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    ret = (PyObject *)PyArray_EinsteinSum(subscripts, nop, op, dtype,
+                                        order, casting, out);
+
+    /* If no output was supplied, possibly convert to a scalar */
+    if (ret != NULL && out == NULL) {
+        ret = PyArray_Return((PyArrayObject *)ret);
+    }
+
+finish:
+    for (i = 0; i < nop; ++i) {
+        Py_XDECREF(op[i]);
+    }
+    Py_XDECREF(dtype);
+    Py_XDECREF(str_obj);
+    Py_XDECREF(str_key_obj);
+    /* out is a borrowed reference */
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+array_fastCopyAndTranspose(PyObject *NPY_UNUSED(dummy), PyObject *args)
+{
+    PyObject *a0;
+
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O", &a0)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return PyArray_Return((PyArrayObject *)PyArray_CopyAndTranspose(a0));
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+array_correlate(PyObject *NPY_UNUSED(dummy), PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
+{
+    PyObject *shape, *a0;
+    int mode = 0;
+    static char *kwlist[] = {"a", "v", "mode", NULL};
+
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds, "OO|i", kwlist,
+                &a0, &shape, &mode)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return PyArray_Correlate(a0, shape, mode);
+}
+
+static PyObject*
+array_correlate2(PyObject *NPY_UNUSED(dummy), PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
+{
+    PyObject *shape, *a0;
+    int mode = 0;
+    static char *kwlist[] = {"a", "v", "mode", NULL};
+
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds, "OO|i", kwlist,
+                &a0, &shape, &mode)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return PyArray_Correlate2(a0, shape, mode);
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+array_arange(PyObject *NPY_UNUSED(ignored), PyObject *args, PyObject *kws) {
+    PyObject *o_start = NULL, *o_stop = NULL, *o_step = NULL, *range=NULL;
+    static char *kwd[]= {"start", "stop", "step", "dtype", NULL};
+    PyArray_Descr *typecode = NULL;
+
+    if(!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kws, "O|OOO&", kwd,
+                &o_start,
+                &o_stop,
+                &o_step,
+                PyArray_DescrConverter2, &typecode)) {
+        Py_XDECREF(typecode);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    range = PyArray_ArangeObj(o_start, o_stop, o_step, typecode);
+    Py_XDECREF(typecode);
+
+    return range;
+}
+
+/*NUMPY_API
+ *
+ * Included at the very first so not auto-grabbed and thus not labeled.
+ */
+NPY_NO_EXPORT unsigned int
+PyArray_GetNDArrayCVersion(void)
+{
+    return (unsigned int)NPY_ABI_VERSION;
+}
+
+/*NUMPY_API
+ * Returns the built-in (at compilation time) C API version
+ */
+NPY_NO_EXPORT unsigned int
+PyArray_GetNDArrayCFeatureVersion(void)
+{
+    return (unsigned int)NPY_API_VERSION;
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+array__get_ndarray_c_version(PyObject *NPY_UNUSED(dummy), PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
+{
+    static char *kwlist[] = {NULL};
+
+    if(!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds, "", kwlist )) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return PyInt_FromLong( (long) PyArray_GetNDArrayCVersion() );
+}
+
+/*NUMPY_API
+*/
+NPY_NO_EXPORT int
+PyArray_GetEndianness(void)
+{
+    const union {
+        npy_uint32 i;
+        char c[4];
+    } bint = {0x01020304};
+
+    if (bint.c[0] == 1) {
+        return NPY_CPU_BIG;
+    }
+    else if (bint.c[0] == 4) {
+        return NPY_CPU_LITTLE;
+    }
+    else {
+        return NPY_CPU_UNKNOWN_ENDIAN;
+    }
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+array__reconstruct(PyObject *NPY_UNUSED(dummy), PyObject *args)
+{
+
+    PyObject *ret;
+    PyTypeObject *subtype;
+    PyArray_Dims shape = {NULL, 0};
+    PyArray_Descr *dtype = NULL;
+
+    evil_global_disable_warn_O4O8_flag = 1;
+
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O!O&O&",
+                &PyType_Type, &subtype,
+                PyArray_IntpConverter, &shape,
+                PyArray_DescrConverter, &dtype)) {
+        goto fail;
+    }
+    if (!PyType_IsSubtype(subtype, &PyArray_Type)) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                "_reconstruct: First argument must be a sub-type of ndarray");
+        goto fail;
+    }
+    ret = PyArray_NewFromDescr(subtype, dtype,
+            (int)shape.len, shape.ptr, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL);
+    PyDimMem_FREE(shape.ptr);
+
+    evil_global_disable_warn_O4O8_flag = 0;
+
+    return ret;
+
+fail:
+    evil_global_disable_warn_O4O8_flag = 0;
+
+    Py_XDECREF(dtype);
+    PyDimMem_FREE(shape.ptr);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+array_set_string_function(PyObject *NPY_UNUSED(self), PyObject *args,
+        PyObject *kwds)
+{
+    PyObject *op = NULL;
+    int repr = 1;
+    static char *kwlist[] = {"f", "repr", NULL};
+
+    if(!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds, "|Oi", kwlist, &op, &repr)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    /* reset the array_repr function to built-in */
+    if (op == Py_None) {
+        op = NULL;
+    }
+    if (op != NULL && !PyCallable_Check(op)) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                "Argument must be callable.");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    PyArray_SetStringFunction(op, repr);
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+array_set_ops_function(PyObject *NPY_UNUSED(self), PyObject *NPY_UNUSED(args),
+        PyObject *kwds)
+{
+    PyObject *oldops = NULL;
+
+    if ((oldops = PyArray_GetNumericOps()) == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    /*
+     * Should probably ensure that objects are at least callable
+     *  Leave this to the caller for now --- error will be raised
+     *  later when use is attempted
+     */
+    if (kwds && PyArray_SetNumericOps(kwds) == -1) {
+        Py_DECREF(oldops);
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                "one or more objects not callable");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return oldops;
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+array_set_datetimeparse_function(PyObject *NPY_UNUSED(self),
+        PyObject *NPY_UNUSED(args), PyObject *NPY_UNUSED(kwds))
+{
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "This function has been removed");
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * inner loop with constant size memcpy arguments
+ * this allows the compiler to replace function calls while still handling the
+ * alignment requirements of the platform.
+ */
+#define INNER_WHERE_LOOP(size) \
+    do { \
+        npy_intp i; \
+        for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { \
+            if (*csrc) { \
+                memcpy(dst, xsrc, size); \
+            } \
+            else { \
+                memcpy(dst, ysrc, size); \
+            } \
+            dst += size; \
+            xsrc += xstride; \
+            ysrc += ystride; \
+            csrc += cstride; \
+        } \
+    } while(0)
+
+
+/*NUMPY_API
+ * Where
+ */
+NPY_NO_EXPORT PyObject *
+PyArray_Where(PyObject *condition, PyObject *x, PyObject *y)
+{
+    PyArrayObject *arr, *ax, *ay;
+    PyObject *ret = NULL;
+
+    arr = (PyArrayObject *)PyArray_FromAny(condition, NULL, 0, 0, 0, NULL);
+    if (arr == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if ((x == NULL) && (y == NULL)) {
+        ret = PyArray_Nonzero(arr);
+        Py_DECREF(arr);
+        return ret;
+    }
+    if ((x == NULL) || (y == NULL)) {
+        Py_DECREF(arr);
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                "either both or neither of x and y should be given");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    ax = (PyArrayObject*)PyArray_FromAny(x, NULL, 0, 0, 0 ,NULL);
+    ay = (PyArrayObject*)PyArray_FromAny(y, NULL, 0, 0, 0 ,NULL);
+    if (ax == NULL || ay == NULL) {
+        goto fail;
+    }
+    else {
+        npy_uint32 flags = NPY_ITER_EXTERNAL_LOOP | NPY_ITER_BUFFERED |
+                           NPY_ITER_REFS_OK | NPY_ITER_ZEROSIZE_OK;
+        PyArrayObject * op_in[4] = {
+            NULL, arr, ax, ay
+        };
+        npy_uint32 op_flags[4] = {
+            NPY_ITER_WRITEONLY | NPY_ITER_ALLOCATE | NPY_ITER_NO_SUBTYPE,
+            NPY_ITER_READONLY, NPY_ITER_READONLY, NPY_ITER_READONLY
+        };
+        PyArray_Descr * common_dt = PyArray_ResultType(2, &op_in[0] + 2,
+                                                       0, NULL);
+        PyArray_Descr * op_dt[4] = {common_dt, PyArray_DescrFromType(NPY_BOOL),
+                                    common_dt, common_dt};
+        NpyIter * iter;
+        int needs_api;
+        NPY_BEGIN_THREADS_DEF;
+
+        if (common_dt == NULL || op_dt[1] == NULL) {
+            Py_XDECREF(op_dt[1]);
+            Py_XDECREF(common_dt);
+            goto fail;
+        }
+        iter =  NpyIter_MultiNew(4, op_in, flags,
+                                 NPY_KEEPORDER, NPY_UNSAFE_CASTING,
+                                 op_flags, op_dt);
+        Py_DECREF(op_dt[1]);
+        Py_DECREF(common_dt);
+        if (iter == NULL) {
+            goto fail;
+        }
+
+        needs_api = NpyIter_IterationNeedsAPI(iter);
+
+        /* Get the result from the iterator object array */
+        ret = (PyObject*)NpyIter_GetOperandArray(iter)[0];
+
+        NPY_BEGIN_THREADS_NDITER(iter);
+
+        if (NpyIter_GetIterSize(iter) != 0) {
+            NpyIter_IterNextFunc *iternext = NpyIter_GetIterNext(iter, NULL);
+            npy_intp * innersizeptr = NpyIter_GetInnerLoopSizePtr(iter);
+            char **dataptrarray = NpyIter_GetDataPtrArray(iter);
+
+            do {
+                PyArray_Descr * dtx = NpyIter_GetDescrArray(iter)[2];
+                PyArray_Descr * dty = NpyIter_GetDescrArray(iter)[3];
+                int axswap = PyDataType_ISBYTESWAPPED(dtx);
+                int ayswap = PyDataType_ISBYTESWAPPED(dty);
+                PyArray_CopySwapFunc *copyswapx = dtx->f->copyswap;
+                PyArray_CopySwapFunc *copyswapy = dty->f->copyswap;
+                int native = (axswap == ayswap) && (axswap == 0) && !needs_api;
+                npy_intp n = (*innersizeptr);
+                npy_intp itemsize = NpyIter_GetDescrArray(iter)[0]->elsize;
+                npy_intp cstride = NpyIter_GetInnerStrideArray(iter)[1];
+                npy_intp xstride = NpyIter_GetInnerStrideArray(iter)[2];
+                npy_intp ystride = NpyIter_GetInnerStrideArray(iter)[3];
+                char * dst = dataptrarray[0];
+                char * csrc = dataptrarray[1];
+                char * xsrc = dataptrarray[2];
+                char * ysrc = dataptrarray[3];
+
+                /* constant sizes so compiler replaces memcpy */
+                if (native && itemsize == 16) {
+                    INNER_WHERE_LOOP(16);
+                }
+                else if (native && itemsize == 8) {
+                    INNER_WHERE_LOOP(8);
+                }
+                else if (native && itemsize == 4) {
+                    INNER_WHERE_LOOP(4);
+                }
+                else if (native && itemsize == 2) {
+                    INNER_WHERE_LOOP(2);
+                }
+                else if (native && itemsize == 1) {
+                    INNER_WHERE_LOOP(1);
+                }
+                else {
+                    /* copyswap is faster than memcpy even if we are native */
+                    npy_intp i;
+                    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+                        if (*csrc) {
+                            copyswapx(dst, xsrc, axswap, ret);
+                        }
+                        else {
+                            copyswapy(dst, ysrc, ayswap, ret);
+                        }
+                        dst += itemsize;
+                        xsrc += xstride;
+                        ysrc += ystride;
+                        csrc += cstride;
+                    }
+                }
+            } while (iternext(iter));
+        }
+
+        NPY_END_THREADS;
+
+        Py_INCREF(ret);
+        Py_DECREF(arr);
+        Py_DECREF(ax);
+        Py_DECREF(ay);
+
+        if (NpyIter_Deallocate(iter) != NPY_SUCCEED) {
+            Py_DECREF(ret);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+fail:
+    Py_DECREF(arr);
+    Py_XDECREF(ax);
+    Py_XDECREF(ay);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+#undef INNER_WHERE_LOOP
+
+static PyObject *
+array_where(PyObject *NPY_UNUSED(ignored), PyObject *args)
+{
+    PyObject *obj = NULL, *x = NULL, *y = NULL;
+
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O|OO", &obj, &x, &y)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return PyArray_Where(obj, x, y);
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+array_lexsort(PyObject *NPY_UNUSED(ignored), PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
+{
+    int axis = -1;
+    PyObject *obj;
+    static char *kwlist[] = {"keys", "axis", NULL};
+
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds, "O|i", kwlist, &obj, &axis)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return PyArray_Return((PyArrayObject *)PyArray_LexSort(obj, axis));
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+array_can_cast_safely(PyObject *NPY_UNUSED(self), PyObject *args,
+        PyObject *kwds)
+{
+    PyObject *from_obj = NULL;
+    PyArray_Descr *d1 = NULL;
+    PyArray_Descr *d2 = NULL;
+    npy_bool ret;
+    PyObject *retobj = NULL;
+    NPY_CASTING casting = NPY_SAFE_CASTING;
+    static char *kwlist[] = {"from", "to", "casting", NULL};
+
+    if(!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds, "OO&|O&", kwlist,
+                &from_obj,
+                PyArray_DescrConverter2, &d2,
+                PyArray_CastingConverter, &casting)) {
+        goto finish;
+    }
+    if (d2 == NULL) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                "did not understand one of the types; 'None' not accepted");
+        goto finish;
+    }
+
+    /* If the first parameter is an object or scalar, use CanCastArrayTo */
+    if (PyArray_Check(from_obj)) {
+        ret = PyArray_CanCastArrayTo((PyArrayObject *)from_obj, d2, casting);
+    }
+    else if (PyArray_IsScalar(from_obj, Generic) ||
+                                PyArray_IsPythonNumber(from_obj)) {
+        PyArrayObject *arr;
+        arr = (PyArrayObject *)PyArray_FromAny(from_obj,
+                                        NULL, 0, 0, 0, NULL);
+        if (arr == NULL) {
+            goto finish;
+        }
+        ret = PyArray_CanCastArrayTo(arr, d2, casting);
+        Py_DECREF(arr);
+    }
+    /* Otherwise use CanCastTypeTo */
+    else {
+        if (!PyArray_DescrConverter2(from_obj, &d1) || d1 == NULL) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                    "did not understand one of the types; 'None' not accepted");
+            goto finish;
+        }
+        ret = PyArray_CanCastTypeTo(d1, d2, casting);
+    }
+
+    retobj = ret ? Py_True : Py_False;
+    Py_INCREF(retobj);
+
+ finish:
+    Py_XDECREF(d1);
+    Py_XDECREF(d2);
+    return retobj;
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+array_promote_types(PyObject *NPY_UNUSED(dummy), PyObject *args)
+{
+    PyArray_Descr *d1 = NULL;
+    PyArray_Descr *d2 = NULL;
+    PyObject *ret = NULL;
+    if(!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O&O&",
+                PyArray_DescrConverter2, &d1, PyArray_DescrConverter2, &d2)) {
+        goto finish;
+    }
+
+    if (d1 == NULL || d2 == NULL) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                "did not understand one of the types");
+        goto finish;
+    }
+
+    ret = (PyObject *)PyArray_PromoteTypes(d1, d2);
+
+ finish:
+    Py_XDECREF(d1);
+    Py_XDECREF(d2);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+array_min_scalar_type(PyObject *NPY_UNUSED(dummy), PyObject *args)
+{
+    PyObject *array_in = NULL;
+    PyArrayObject *array;
+    PyObject *ret = NULL;
+
+    if(!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O", &array_in)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    array = (PyArrayObject *)PyArray_FromAny(array_in, NULL, 0, 0, 0, NULL);
+    if (array == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    ret = (PyObject *)PyArray_MinScalarType(array);
+    Py_DECREF(array);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+array_result_type(PyObject *NPY_UNUSED(dummy), PyObject *args)
+{
+    npy_intp i, len, narr = 0, ndtypes = 0;
+    PyArrayObject **arr = NULL;
+    PyArray_Descr **dtypes = NULL;
+    PyObject *ret = NULL;
+
+    len = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args);
+    if (len == 0) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                        "at least one array or dtype is required");
+        goto finish;
+    }
+
+    arr = PyArray_malloc(2 * len * sizeof(void *));
+    if (arr == NULL) {
+        return PyErr_NoMemory();
+    }
+    dtypes = (PyArray_Descr**)&arr[len];
+
+    for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+        PyObject *obj = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, i);
+        if (PyArray_Check(obj)) {
+            Py_INCREF(obj);
+            arr[narr] = (PyArrayObject *)obj;
+            ++narr;
+        }
+        else if (PyArray_IsScalar(obj, Generic) ||
+                                    PyArray_IsPythonNumber(obj)) {
+            arr[narr] = (PyArrayObject *)PyArray_FromAny(obj,
+                                        NULL, 0, 0, 0, NULL);
+            if (arr[narr] == NULL) {
+                goto finish;
+            }
+            ++narr;
+        }
+        else {
+            if (!PyArray_DescrConverter(obj, &dtypes[ndtypes])) {
+                goto finish;
+            }
+            ++ndtypes;
+        }
+    }
+
+    ret = (PyObject *)PyArray_ResultType(narr, arr, ndtypes, dtypes);
+
+finish:
+    for (i = 0; i < narr; ++i) {
+        Py_DECREF(arr[i]);
+    }
+    for (i = 0; i < ndtypes; ++i) {
+        Py_DECREF(dtypes[i]);
+    }
+    PyArray_free(arr);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+array_datetime_data(PyObject *NPY_UNUSED(dummy), PyObject *args)
+{
+    PyArray_Descr *dtype;
+    PyArray_DatetimeMetaData *meta;
+
+    if(!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O&:datetime_data",
+                PyArray_DescrConverter, &dtype)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    meta = get_datetime_metadata_from_dtype(dtype);
+    if (meta == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    return convert_datetime_metadata_to_tuple(meta);
+}
+
+#if !defined(NPY_PY3K)
+static PyObject *
+new_buffer(PyObject *NPY_UNUSED(dummy), PyObject *args)
+{
+    int size;
+
+    if(!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "i", &size)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return PyBuffer_New(size);
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+buffer_buffer(PyObject *NPY_UNUSED(dummy), PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
+{
+    PyObject *obj;
+    Py_ssize_t offset = 0, n;
+    Py_ssize_t size = Py_END_OF_BUFFER;
+    void *unused;
+    static char *kwlist[] = {"object", "offset", "size", NULL};
+
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds,
+                "O|" NPY_SSIZE_T_PYFMT NPY_SSIZE_T_PYFMT, kwlist,
+                &obj, &offset, &size)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (PyObject_AsWriteBuffer(obj, &unused, &n) < 0) {
+        PyErr_Clear();
+        return PyBuffer_FromObject(obj, offset, size);
+    }
+    else {
+        return PyBuffer_FromReadWriteObject(obj, offset, size);
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+#include <setjmp.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+jmp_buf _NPY_SIGSEGV_BUF;
+static void
+_SigSegv_Handler(int signum)
+{
+    longjmp(_NPY_SIGSEGV_BUF, signum);
+}
+#endif
+
+#define _test_code() { \
+        test = *((char*)memptr); \
+        if (!ro) { \
+            *((char *)memptr) = '\0'; \
+            *((char *)memptr) = test; \
+        } \
+        test = *((char*)memptr+size-1); \
+        if (!ro) { \
+            *((char *)memptr+size-1) = '\0'; \
+            *((char *)memptr+size-1) = test; \
+        } \
+    }
+
+static PyObject *
+as_buffer(PyObject *NPY_UNUSED(dummy), PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
+{
+    PyObject *mem;
+    Py_ssize_t size;
+    npy_bool ro = NPY_FALSE, check = NPY_TRUE;
+    void *memptr;
+    static char *kwlist[] = {"mem", "size", "readonly", "check", NULL};
+
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds,
+                "O" NPY_SSIZE_T_PYFMT "|O&O&", kwlist,
+                &mem, &size, PyArray_BoolConverter, &ro,
+                PyArray_BoolConverter, &check)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    memptr = PyLong_AsVoidPtr(mem);
+    if (memptr == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (check) {
+        /*
+         * Try to dereference the start and end of the memory region
+         * Catch segfault and report error if it occurs
+         */
+        char test;
+        int err = 0;
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+        __try {
+            _test_code();
+        }
+        __except(1) {
+            err = 1;
+        }
+#else
+        PyOS_sighandler_t _npy_sig_save;
+        _npy_sig_save = PyOS_setsig(SIGSEGV, _SigSegv_Handler);
+        if (setjmp(_NPY_SIGSEGV_BUF) == 0) {
+            _test_code();
+        }
+        else {
+            err = 1;
+        }
+        PyOS_setsig(SIGSEGV, _npy_sig_save);
+#endif
+        if (err) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                    "cannot use memory location as a buffer.");
+            return NULL;
+        }
+    }
+
+
+#if defined(NPY_PY3K)
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError,
+            "XXX -- not implemented!");
+    return NULL;
+#else
+    if (ro) {
+        return PyBuffer_FromMemory(memptr, size);
+    }
+    return PyBuffer_FromReadWriteMemory(memptr, size);
+#endif
+}
+
+#undef _test_code
+
+static PyObject *
+format_longfloat(PyObject *NPY_UNUSED(dummy), PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
+{
+    PyObject *obj;
+    unsigned int precision;
+    npy_longdouble x;
+    static char *kwlist[] = {"x", "precision", NULL};
+    static char repr[100];
+
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds, "OI", kwlist,
+                &obj, &precision)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (!PyArray_IsScalar(obj, LongDouble)) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                "not a longfloat");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    x = ((PyLongDoubleScalarObject *)obj)->obval;
+    if (precision > 70) {
+        precision = 70;
+    }
+    format_longdouble(repr, 100, x, precision);
+    return PyUString_FromString(repr);
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+compare_chararrays(PyObject *NPY_UNUSED(dummy), PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
+{
+    PyObject *array;
+    PyObject *other;
+    PyArrayObject *newarr, *newoth;
+    int cmp_op;
+    npy_bool rstrip;
+    char *cmp_str;
+    Py_ssize_t strlength;
+    PyObject *res = NULL;
+    static char msg[] = "comparision must be '==', '!=', '<', '>', '<=', '>='";
+    static char *kwlist[] = {"a1", "a2", "cmp", "rstrip", NULL};
+
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds, "OOs#O&", kwlist,
+                &array, &other, &cmp_str, &strlength,
+                PyArray_BoolConverter, &rstrip)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (strlength < 1 || strlength > 2) {
+        goto err;
+    }
+    if (strlength > 1) {
+        if (cmp_str[1] != '=') {
+            goto err;
+        }
+        if (cmp_str[0] == '=') {
+            cmp_op = Py_EQ;
+        }
+        else if (cmp_str[0] == '!') {
+            cmp_op = Py_NE;
+        }
+        else if (cmp_str[0] == '<') {
+            cmp_op = Py_LE;
+        }
+        else if (cmp_str[0] == '>') {
+            cmp_op = Py_GE;
+        }
+        else {
+            goto err;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        if (cmp_str[0] == '<') {
+            cmp_op = Py_LT;
+        }
+        else if (cmp_str[0] == '>') {
+            cmp_op = Py_GT;
+        }
+        else {
+            goto err;
+        }
+    }
+
+    newarr = (PyArrayObject *)PyArray_FROM_O(array);
+    if (newarr == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    newoth = (PyArrayObject *)PyArray_FROM_O(other);
+    if (newoth == NULL) {
+        Py_DECREF(newarr);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (PyArray_ISSTRING(newarr) && PyArray_ISSTRING(newoth)) {
+        res = _strings_richcompare(newarr, newoth, cmp_op, rstrip != 0);
+    }
+    else {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                "comparison of non-string arrays");
+    }
+    Py_DECREF(newarr);
+    Py_DECREF(newoth);
+    return res;
+
+ err:
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, msg);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+_vec_string_with_args(PyArrayObject* char_array, PyArray_Descr* type,
+                      PyObject* method, PyObject* args)
+{
+    PyObject* broadcast_args[NPY_MAXARGS];
+    PyArrayMultiIterObject* in_iter = NULL;
+    PyArrayObject* result = NULL;
+    PyArrayIterObject* out_iter = NULL;
+    PyObject* args_tuple = NULL;
+    Py_ssize_t i, n, nargs;
+
+    nargs = PySequence_Size(args) + 1;
+    if (nargs == -1 || nargs > NPY_MAXARGS) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
+                "len(args) must be < %d", NPY_MAXARGS - 1);
+        goto err;
+    }
+
+    broadcast_args[0] = (PyObject*)char_array;
+    for (i = 1; i < nargs; i++) {
+        PyObject* item = PySequence_GetItem(args, i-1);
+        if (item == NULL) {
+            goto err;
+        }
+        broadcast_args[i] = item;
+        Py_DECREF(item);
+    }
+    in_iter = (PyArrayMultiIterObject*)PyArray_MultiIterFromObjects
+        (broadcast_args, nargs, 0);
+    if (in_iter == NULL) {
+        goto err;
+    }
+    n = in_iter->numiter;
+
+    result = (PyArrayObject*)PyArray_SimpleNewFromDescr(in_iter->nd,
+            in_iter->dimensions, type);
+    if (result == NULL) {
+        goto err;
+    }
+
+    out_iter = (PyArrayIterObject*)PyArray_IterNew((PyObject*)result);
+    if (out_iter == NULL) {
+        goto err;
+    }
+
+    args_tuple = PyTuple_New(n);
+    if (args_tuple == NULL) {
+        goto err;
+    }
+
+    while (PyArray_MultiIter_NOTDONE(in_iter)) {
+        PyObject* item_result;
+
+        for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+            PyArrayIterObject* it = in_iter->iters[i];
+            PyObject* arg = PyArray_ToScalar(PyArray_ITER_DATA(it), it->ao);
+            if (arg == NULL) {
+                goto err;
+            }
+            /* Steals ref to arg */
+            PyTuple_SetItem(args_tuple, i, arg);
+        }
+
+        item_result = PyObject_CallObject(method, args_tuple);
+        if (item_result == NULL) {
+            goto err;
+        }
+
+        if (PyArray_SETITEM(result, PyArray_ITER_DATA(out_iter), item_result)) {
+            Py_DECREF(item_result);
+            PyErr_SetString( PyExc_TypeError,
+                    "result array type does not match underlying function");
+            goto err;
+        }
+        Py_DECREF(item_result);
+
+        PyArray_MultiIter_NEXT(in_iter);
+        PyArray_ITER_NEXT(out_iter);
+    }
+
+    Py_DECREF(in_iter);
+    Py_DECREF(out_iter);
+    Py_DECREF(args_tuple);
+
+    return (PyObject*)result;
+
+ err:
+    Py_XDECREF(in_iter);
+    Py_XDECREF(out_iter);
+    Py_XDECREF(args_tuple);
+    Py_XDECREF(result);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+_vec_string_no_args(PyArrayObject* char_array,
+                                   PyArray_Descr* type, PyObject* method)
+{
+    /*
+     * This is a faster version of _vec_string_args to use when there
+     * are no additional arguments to the string method.  This doesn't
+     * require a broadcast iterator (and broadcast iterators don't work
+     * with 1 argument anyway).
+     */
+    PyArrayIterObject* in_iter = NULL;
+    PyArrayObject* result = NULL;
+    PyArrayIterObject* out_iter = NULL;
+
+    in_iter = (PyArrayIterObject*)PyArray_IterNew((PyObject*)char_array);
+    if (in_iter == NULL) {
+        goto err;
+    }
+
+    result = (PyArrayObject*)PyArray_SimpleNewFromDescr(
+            PyArray_NDIM(char_array), PyArray_DIMS(char_array), type);
+    if (result == NULL) {
+        goto err;
+    }
+
+    out_iter = (PyArrayIterObject*)PyArray_IterNew((PyObject*)result);
+    if (out_iter == NULL) {
+        goto err;
+    }
+
+    while (PyArray_ITER_NOTDONE(in_iter)) {
+        PyObject* item_result;
+        PyObject* item = PyArray_ToScalar(in_iter->dataptr, in_iter->ao);
+        if (item == NULL) {
+            goto err;
+        }
+
+        item_result = PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs(method, item, NULL);
+        Py_DECREF(item);
+        if (item_result == NULL) {
+            goto err;
+        }
+
+        if (PyArray_SETITEM(result, PyArray_ITER_DATA(out_iter), item_result)) {
+            Py_DECREF(item_result);
+            PyErr_SetString( PyExc_TypeError,
+                "result array type does not match underlying function");
+            goto err;
+        }
+        Py_DECREF(item_result);
+
+        PyArray_ITER_NEXT(in_iter);
+        PyArray_ITER_NEXT(out_iter);
+    }
+
+    Py_DECREF(in_iter);
+    Py_DECREF(out_iter);
+
+    return (PyObject*)result;
+
+ err:
+    Py_XDECREF(in_iter);
+    Py_XDECREF(out_iter);
+    Py_XDECREF(result);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+_vec_string(PyObject *NPY_UNUSED(dummy), PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
+{
+    PyArrayObject* char_array = NULL;
+    PyArray_Descr *type = NULL;
+    PyObject* method_name;
+    PyObject* args_seq = NULL;
+
+    PyObject* method = NULL;
+    PyObject* result = NULL;
+
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O&O&O|O",
+                PyArray_Converter, &char_array,
+                PyArray_DescrConverter, &type,
+                &method_name, &args_seq)) {
+        goto err;
+    }
+
+    if (PyArray_TYPE(char_array) == NPY_STRING) {
+        method = PyObject_GetAttr((PyObject *)&PyString_Type, method_name);
+    }
+    else if (PyArray_TYPE(char_array) == NPY_UNICODE) {
+        method = PyObject_GetAttr((PyObject *)&PyUnicode_Type, method_name);
+    }
+    else {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                "string operation on non-string array");
+        goto err;
+    }
+    if (method == NULL) {
+        goto err;
+    }
+
+    if (args_seq == NULL
+            || (PySequence_Check(args_seq) && PySequence_Size(args_seq) == 0)) {
+        result = _vec_string_no_args(char_array, type, method);
+    }
+    else if (PySequence_Check(args_seq)) {
+        result = _vec_string_with_args(char_array, type, method, args_seq);
+    }
+    else {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                "'args' must be a sequence of arguments");
+        goto err;
+    }
+    if (result == NULL) {
+        goto err;
+    }
+
+    Py_DECREF(char_array);
+    Py_DECREF(method);
+
+    return (PyObject*)result;
+
+ err:
+    Py_XDECREF(char_array);
+    Py_XDECREF(method);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+#ifndef __NPY_PRIVATE_NO_SIGNAL
+
+static NPY_TLS int sigint_buf_init = 0;
+static NPY_TLS NPY_SIGJMP_BUF _NPY_SIGINT_BUF;
+
+/*NUMPY_API
+ */
+NPY_NO_EXPORT void
+_PyArray_SigintHandler(int signum)
+{
+    PyOS_setsig(signum, SIG_IGN);
+    /*
+     * jump buffer may be unitialized as SIGINT allowing functions are usually
+     * run in other threads than the master thread that receives the signal
+     */
+    if (sigint_buf_init > 0) {
+        NPY_SIGLONGJMP(_NPY_SIGINT_BUF, signum);
+    }
+    /*
+     * sending SIGINT to the worker threads to cancel them is job of the
+     * application
+     */
+}
+
+/*NUMPY_API
+ */
+NPY_NO_EXPORT void*
+_PyArray_GetSigintBuf(void)
+{
+    sigint_buf_init = 1;
+    return (void *)&_NPY_SIGINT_BUF;
+}
+
+#else
+
+NPY_NO_EXPORT void
+_PyArray_SigintHandler(int signum)
+{
+    return;
+}
+
+NPY_NO_EXPORT void*
+_PyArray_GetSigintBuf(void)
+{
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+#endif
+
+
+static PyObject *
+test_interrupt(PyObject *NPY_UNUSED(self), PyObject *args)
+{
+    int kind = 0;
+    int a = 0;
+
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "|i", &kind)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (kind) {
+        Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS;
+        while (a >= 0) {
+            if ((a % 1000 == 0) && PyOS_InterruptOccurred()) {
+                break;
+            }
+            a += 1;
+        }
+        Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS;
+    }
+    else {
+        NPY_SIGINT_ON
+        while(a >= 0) {
+            a += 1;
+        }
+        NPY_SIGINT_OFF
+    }
+    return PyInt_FromLong(a);
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+array_may_share_memory(PyObject *NPY_UNUSED(ignored), PyObject *args)
+{
+    PyArrayObject * self = NULL;
+    PyArrayObject * other = NULL;
+    int overlap;
+
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O&O&", PyArray_Converter, &self,
+                          PyArray_Converter, &other)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    overlap = arrays_overlap(self, other);
+    Py_XDECREF(self);
+    Py_XDECREF(other);
+
+    if (overlap) {
+        Py_RETURN_TRUE;
+    }
+    else {
+        Py_RETURN_FALSE;
+    }
+}
+
+static struct PyMethodDef array_module_methods[] = {
+    {"_get_ndarray_c_version",
+        (PyCFunction)array__get_ndarray_c_version,
+        METH_VARARGS|METH_KEYWORDS, NULL},
+    {"_reconstruct",
+        (PyCFunction)array__reconstruct,
+        METH_VARARGS, NULL},
+    {"set_string_function",
+        (PyCFunction)array_set_string_function,
+        METH_VARARGS|METH_KEYWORDS, NULL},
+    {"set_numeric_ops",
+        (PyCFunction)array_set_ops_function,
+        METH_VARARGS|METH_KEYWORDS, NULL},
+    {"set_datetimeparse_function",
+        (PyCFunction)array_set_datetimeparse_function,
+        METH_VARARGS|METH_KEYWORDS, NULL},
+    {"set_typeDict",
+        (PyCFunction)array_set_typeDict,
+        METH_VARARGS, NULL},
+    {"array",
+        (PyCFunction)_array_fromobject,
+        METH_VARARGS|METH_KEYWORDS, NULL},
+    {"copyto",
+        (PyCFunction)array_copyto,
+        METH_VARARGS|METH_KEYWORDS, NULL},
+    {"nested_iters",
+        (PyCFunction)NpyIter_NestedIters,
+        METH_VARARGS|METH_KEYWORDS, NULL},
+    {"arange",
+        (PyCFunction)array_arange,
+        METH_VARARGS|METH_KEYWORDS, NULL},
+    {"zeros",
+        (PyCFunction)array_zeros,
+        METH_VARARGS|METH_KEYWORDS, NULL},
+    {"count_nonzero",
+        (PyCFunction)array_count_nonzero,
+        METH_VARARGS|METH_KEYWORDS, NULL},
+    {"empty",
+        (PyCFunction)array_empty,
+        METH_VARARGS|METH_KEYWORDS, NULL},
+    {"empty_like",
+        (PyCFunction)array_empty_like,
+        METH_VARARGS|METH_KEYWORDS, NULL},
+    {"scalar",
+        (PyCFunction)array_scalar,
+        METH_VARARGS|METH_KEYWORDS, NULL},
+    {"where",
+        (PyCFunction)array_where,
+        METH_VARARGS, NULL},
+    {"lexsort",
+        (PyCFunction)array_lexsort,
+        METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS, NULL},
+    {"putmask",
+        (PyCFunction)array_putmask,
+        METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS, NULL},
+    {"fromstring",
+        (PyCFunction)array_fromstring,
+        METH_VARARGS|METH_KEYWORDS, NULL},
+    {"fromiter",
+        (PyCFunction)array_fromiter,
+        METH_VARARGS|METH_KEYWORDS, NULL},
+    {"concatenate",
+        (PyCFunction)array_concatenate,
+        METH_VARARGS|METH_KEYWORDS, NULL},
+    {"inner",
+        (PyCFunction)array_innerproduct,
+        METH_VARARGS, NULL},
+    {"dot",
+        (PyCFunction)array_matrixproduct,
+        METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS, NULL},
+    {"vdot",
+        (PyCFunction)array_vdot,
+        METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS, NULL},
+    {"matmul",
+        (PyCFunction)array_matmul,
+        METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS, NULL},
+    {"einsum",
+        (PyCFunction)array_einsum,
+        METH_VARARGS|METH_KEYWORDS, NULL},
+    {"_fastCopyAndTranspose",
+        (PyCFunction)array_fastCopyAndTranspose,
+        METH_VARARGS, NULL},
+    {"correlate",
+        (PyCFunction)array_correlate,
+        METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS, NULL},
+    {"correlate2",
+        (PyCFunction)array_correlate2,
+        METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS, NULL},
+    {"frombuffer",
+        (PyCFunction)array_frombuffer,
+        METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS, NULL},
+    {"fromfile",
+        (PyCFunction)array_fromfile,
+        METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS, NULL},
+    {"can_cast",
+        (PyCFunction)array_can_cast_safely,
+        METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS, NULL},
+    {"promote_types",
+        (PyCFunction)array_promote_types,
+        METH_VARARGS, NULL},
+    {"min_scalar_type",
+        (PyCFunction)array_min_scalar_type,
+        METH_VARARGS, NULL},
+    {"result_type",
+        (PyCFunction)array_result_type,
+        METH_VARARGS, NULL},
+    {"may_share_memory",
+        (PyCFunction)array_may_share_memory,
+        METH_VARARGS, NULL},
+    /* Datetime-related functions */
+    {"datetime_data",
+        (PyCFunction)array_datetime_data,
+        METH_VARARGS, NULL},
+    {"datetime_as_string",
+        (PyCFunction)array_datetime_as_string,
+        METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS, NULL},
+    /* Datetime business-day API */
+    {"busday_offset",
+        (PyCFunction)array_busday_offset,
+        METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS, NULL},
+    {"busday_count",
+        (PyCFunction)array_busday_count,
+        METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS, NULL},
+    {"is_busday",
+        (PyCFunction)array_is_busday,
+        METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS, NULL},
+#if !defined(NPY_PY3K)
+    {"newbuffer",
+        (PyCFunction)new_buffer,
+        METH_VARARGS, NULL},
+    {"getbuffer",
+        (PyCFunction)buffer_buffer,
+        METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS, NULL},
+#endif
+    {"int_asbuffer",
+        (PyCFunction)as_buffer,
+        METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS, NULL},
+    {"format_longfloat",
+        (PyCFunction)format_longfloat,
+        METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS, NULL},
+    {"compare_chararrays",
+        (PyCFunction)compare_chararrays,
+        METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS, NULL},
+    {"_vec_string",
+        (PyCFunction)_vec_string,
+        METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS, NULL},
+    {"test_interrupt",
+        (PyCFunction)test_interrupt,
+        METH_VARARGS, NULL},
+    {"_insert", (PyCFunction)arr_insert,
+        METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS,
+        "Insert vals sequentially into equivalent 1-d positions "
+        "indicated by mask."},
+    {"bincount", (PyCFunction)arr_bincount,
+        METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS, NULL},
+    {"digitize", (PyCFunction)arr_digitize,
+        METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS, NULL},
+    {"interp", (PyCFunction)arr_interp,
+        METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS, NULL},
+    {"ravel_multi_index", (PyCFunction)arr_ravel_multi_index,
+        METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS, NULL},
+    {"unravel_index", (PyCFunction)arr_unravel_index,
+        METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS, NULL},
+    {"add_docstring", (PyCFunction)arr_add_docstring,
+        METH_VARARGS, NULL},
+    {"packbits", (PyCFunction)io_pack,
+        METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS, NULL},
+    {"unpackbits", (PyCFunction)io_unpack,
+        METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS, NULL},
+    {NULL, NULL, 0, NULL}                /* sentinel */
+};
+
+#include "__multiarray_api.c"
+
+/* Establish scalar-type hierarchy
+ *
+ *  For dual inheritance we need to make sure that the objects being
+ *  inherited from have the tp->mro object initialized.  This is
+ *  not necessarily true for the basic type objects of Python (it is
+ *  checked for single inheritance but not dual in PyType_Ready).
+ *
+ *  Thus, we call PyType_Ready on the standard Python Types, here.
+ */
+static int
+setup_scalartypes(PyObject *NPY_UNUSED(dict))
+{
+    initialize_casting_tables();
+    initialize_numeric_types();
+
+    if (PyType_Ready(&PyBool_Type) < 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+#if !defined(NPY_PY3K)
+    if (PyType_Ready(&PyInt_Type) < 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+#endif
+    if (PyType_Ready(&PyFloat_Type) < 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    if (PyType_Ready(&PyComplex_Type) < 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    if (PyType_Ready(&PyString_Type) < 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    if (PyType_Ready(&PyUnicode_Type) < 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+#define SINGLE_INHERIT(child, parent)                                   \
+    Py##child##ArrType_Type.tp_base = &Py##parent##ArrType_Type;        \
+    if (PyType_Ready(&Py##child##ArrType_Type) < 0) {                   \
+        PyErr_Print();                                                  \
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_SystemError,                                 \
+                     "could not initialize Py%sArrType_Type",           \
+                     #child);                                           \
+        return -1;                                                      \
+    }
+
+    if (PyType_Ready(&PyGenericArrType_Type) < 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    SINGLE_INHERIT(Number, Generic);
+    SINGLE_INHERIT(Integer, Number);
+    SINGLE_INHERIT(Inexact, Number);
+    SINGLE_INHERIT(SignedInteger, Integer);
+    SINGLE_INHERIT(UnsignedInteger, Integer);
+    SINGLE_INHERIT(Floating, Inexact);
+    SINGLE_INHERIT(ComplexFloating, Inexact);
+    SINGLE_INHERIT(Flexible, Generic);
+    SINGLE_INHERIT(Character, Flexible);
+
+#define DUAL_INHERIT(child, parent1, parent2)                           \
+    Py##child##ArrType_Type.tp_base = &Py##parent2##ArrType_Type;       \
+    Py##child##ArrType_Type.tp_bases =                                  \
+        Py_BuildValue("(OO)", &Py##parent2##ArrType_Type,               \
+                      &Py##parent1##_Type);                             \
+    if (PyType_Ready(&Py##child##ArrType_Type) < 0) {                   \
+        PyErr_Print();                                                  \
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_SystemError,                                 \
+                     "could not initialize Py%sArrType_Type",           \
+                     #child);                                           \
+        return -1;                                                      \
+    }                                                                   \
+    Py##child##ArrType_Type.tp_hash = Py##parent1##_Type.tp_hash;
+
+/*
+ * In Py3K, int is no longer a fixed-width integer type, so don't
+ * inherit numpy.int_ from it.
+ */
+#if defined(NPY_PY3K)
+#define INHERIT_INT(child, parent2)                                     \
+    SINGLE_INHERIT(child, parent2);
+#else
+#define INHERIT_INT(child, parent2)                                     \
+    Py##child##ArrType_Type.tp_flags |= Py_TPFLAGS_INT_SUBCLASS;        \
+    DUAL_INHERIT(child, Int, parent2);
+#endif
+
+#if defined(NPY_PY3K)
+#define DUAL_INHERIT_COMPARE(child, parent1, parent2)
+#else
+#define DUAL_INHERIT_COMPARE(child, parent1, parent2)                   \
+    Py##child##ArrType_Type.tp_compare =                                \
+        Py##parent1##_Type.tp_compare;
+#endif
+
+#define DUAL_INHERIT2(child, parent1, parent2)                          \
+    Py##child##ArrType_Type.tp_base = &Py##parent1##_Type;              \
+    Py##child##ArrType_Type.tp_bases =                                  \
+        Py_BuildValue("(OO)", &Py##parent1##_Type,                      \
+                      &Py##parent2##ArrType_Type);                      \
+    Py##child##ArrType_Type.tp_richcompare =                            \
+        Py##parent1##_Type.tp_richcompare;                              \
+    DUAL_INHERIT_COMPARE(child, parent1, parent2)                       \
+    Py##child##ArrType_Type.tp_hash = Py##parent1##_Type.tp_hash;       \
+    if (PyType_Ready(&Py##child##ArrType_Type) < 0) {                   \
+        PyErr_Print();                                                  \
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_SystemError,                                 \
+                     "could not initialize Py%sArrType_Type",           \
+                     #child);                                           \
+        return -1;                                                      \
+    }
+
+    SINGLE_INHERIT(Bool, Generic);
+    SINGLE_INHERIT(Byte, SignedInteger);
+    SINGLE_INHERIT(Short, SignedInteger);
+
+#if NPY_SIZEOF_INT == NPY_SIZEOF_LONG
+    INHERIT_INT(Int, SignedInteger);
+#else
+    SINGLE_INHERIT(Int, SignedInteger);
+#endif
+
+    INHERIT_INT(Long, SignedInteger);
+
+#if NPY_SIZEOF_LONGLONG == NPY_SIZEOF_LONG
+    INHERIT_INT(LongLong, SignedInteger);
+#else
+    SINGLE_INHERIT(LongLong, SignedInteger);
+#endif
+
+    /* Datetime doesn't fit in any category */
+    SINGLE_INHERIT(Datetime, Generic);
+    /* Timedelta is an integer with an associated unit */
+    SINGLE_INHERIT(Timedelta, SignedInteger);
+
+    /*
+       fprintf(stderr,
+        "tp_free = %p, PyObject_Del = %p, int_tp_free = %p, base.tp_free = %p\n",
+         PyIntArrType_Type.tp_free, PyObject_Del, PyInt_Type.tp_free,
+         PySignedIntegerArrType_Type.tp_free);
+     */
+    SINGLE_INHERIT(UByte, UnsignedInteger);
+    SINGLE_INHERIT(UShort, UnsignedInteger);
+    SINGLE_INHERIT(UInt, UnsignedInteger);
+    SINGLE_INHERIT(ULong, UnsignedInteger);
+    SINGLE_INHERIT(ULongLong, UnsignedInteger);
+
+    SINGLE_INHERIT(Half, Floating);
+    SINGLE_INHERIT(Float, Floating);
+    DUAL_INHERIT(Double, Float, Floating);
+    SINGLE_INHERIT(LongDouble, Floating);
+
+    SINGLE_INHERIT(CFloat, ComplexFloating);
+    DUAL_INHERIT(CDouble, Complex, ComplexFloating);
+    SINGLE_INHERIT(CLongDouble, ComplexFloating);
+
+    DUAL_INHERIT2(String, String, Character);
+    DUAL_INHERIT2(Unicode, Unicode, Character);
+
+    SINGLE_INHERIT(Void, Flexible);
+
+    SINGLE_INHERIT(Object, Generic);
+
+    return 0;
+
+#undef SINGLE_INHERIT
+#undef DUAL_INHERIT
+#undef INHERIT_INT
+#undef DUAL_INHERIT2
+#undef DUAL_INHERIT_COMPARE
+
+    /*
+     * Clean up string and unicode array types so they act more like
+     * strings -- get their tables from the standard types.
+     */
+}
+
+/* place a flag dictionary in d */
+
+static void
+set_flaginfo(PyObject *d)
+{
+    PyObject *s;
+    PyObject *newd;
+
+    newd = PyDict_New();
+
+#define _addnew(key, val, one)                                       \
+    PyDict_SetItemString(newd, #key, s=PyInt_FromLong(val));    \
+    Py_DECREF(s);                                               \
+    PyDict_SetItemString(newd, #one, s=PyInt_FromLong(val));    \
+    Py_DECREF(s)
+
+#define _addone(key, val)                                            \
+    PyDict_SetItemString(newd, #key, s=PyInt_FromLong(val));    \
+    Py_DECREF(s)
+
+    _addnew(OWNDATA, NPY_ARRAY_OWNDATA, O);
+    _addnew(FORTRAN, NPY_ARRAY_F_CONTIGUOUS, F);
+    _addnew(CONTIGUOUS, NPY_ARRAY_C_CONTIGUOUS, C);
+    _addnew(ALIGNED, NPY_ARRAY_ALIGNED, A);
+    _addnew(UPDATEIFCOPY, NPY_ARRAY_UPDATEIFCOPY, U);
+    _addnew(WRITEABLE, NPY_ARRAY_WRITEABLE, W);
+    _addone(C_CONTIGUOUS, NPY_ARRAY_C_CONTIGUOUS);
+    _addone(F_CONTIGUOUS, NPY_ARRAY_F_CONTIGUOUS);
+
+#undef _addone
+#undef _addnew
+
+    PyDict_SetItemString(d, "_flagdict", newd);
+    Py_DECREF(newd);
+    return;
+}
+
+NPY_VISIBILITY_HIDDEN PyObject * npy_ma_str_array = NULL;
+NPY_VISIBILITY_HIDDEN PyObject * npy_ma_str_array_prepare = NULL;
+NPY_VISIBILITY_HIDDEN PyObject * npy_ma_str_array_wrap = NULL;
+NPY_VISIBILITY_HIDDEN PyObject * npy_ma_str_array_finalize = NULL;
+NPY_VISIBILITY_HIDDEN PyObject * npy_ma_str_buffer = NULL;
+NPY_VISIBILITY_HIDDEN PyObject * npy_ma_str_ufunc = NULL;
+NPY_VISIBILITY_HIDDEN PyObject * npy_ma_str_order = NULL;
+NPY_VISIBILITY_HIDDEN PyObject * npy_ma_str_copy = NULL;
+NPY_VISIBILITY_HIDDEN PyObject * npy_ma_str_dtype = NULL;
+NPY_VISIBILITY_HIDDEN PyObject * npy_ma_str_ndmin = NULL;
+
+static int
+intern_strings(void)
+{
+    npy_ma_str_array = PyUString_InternFromString("__array__");
+    npy_ma_str_array_prepare = PyUString_InternFromString("__array_prepare__");
+    npy_ma_str_array_wrap = PyUString_InternFromString("__array_wrap__");
+    npy_ma_str_array_finalize = PyUString_InternFromString("__array_finalize__");
+    npy_ma_str_buffer = PyUString_InternFromString("__buffer__");
+    npy_ma_str_ufunc = PyUString_InternFromString("__numpy_ufunc__");
+    npy_ma_str_order = PyUString_InternFromString("order");
+    npy_ma_str_copy = PyUString_InternFromString("copy");
+    npy_ma_str_dtype = PyUString_InternFromString("dtype");
+    npy_ma_str_ndmin = PyUString_InternFromString("ndmin");
+
+    return npy_ma_str_array && npy_ma_str_array_prepare &&
+           npy_ma_str_array_wrap && npy_ma_str_array_finalize &&
+           npy_ma_str_array_finalize && npy_ma_str_ufunc &&
+           npy_ma_str_order && npy_ma_str_copy && npy_ma_str_dtype &&
+           npy_ma_str_ndmin;
+}
+
+
+#if defined(NPY_PY3K)
+static struct PyModuleDef moduledef = {
+        PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,
+        "multiarray",
+        NULL,
+        -1,
+        array_module_methods,
+        NULL,
+        NULL,
+        NULL,
+        NULL
+};
+#endif
+
+/* Initialization function for the module */
+#if defined(NPY_PY3K)
+#define RETVAL m
+PyMODINIT_FUNC PyInit_multiarray(void) {
+#else
+#define RETVAL
+PyMODINIT_FUNC initmultiarray(void) {
+#endif
+    PyObject *m, *d, *s;
+    PyObject *c_api;
+
+    /* Create the module and add the functions */
+#if defined(NPY_PY3K)
+    m = PyModule_Create(&moduledef);
+#else
+    m = Py_InitModule("multiarray", array_module_methods);
+#endif
+    if (!m) {
+        goto err;
+    }
+
+    /* Initialize access to the PyDateTime API */
+    numpy_pydatetime_import();
+
+    /* Add some symbolic constants to the module */
+    d = PyModule_GetDict(m);
+    if (!d) {
+        goto err;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Before calling PyType_Ready, initialize the tp_hash slot in
+     * PyArray_Type to work around mingw32 not being able initialize
+     * static structure slots with functions from the Python C_API.
+     */
+    PyArray_Type.tp_hash = PyObject_HashNotImplemented;
+    if (PyType_Ready(&PyArray_Type) < 0) {
+        return RETVAL;
+    }
+    if (setup_scalartypes(d) < 0) {
+        goto err;
+    }
+    PyArrayIter_Type.tp_iter = PyObject_SelfIter;
+    NpyIter_Type.tp_iter = PyObject_SelfIter;
+    PyArrayMultiIter_Type.tp_iter = PyObject_SelfIter;
+    PyArrayMultiIter_Type.tp_free = PyArray_free;
+    if (PyType_Ready(&PyArrayIter_Type) < 0) {
+        return RETVAL;
+    }
+    if (PyType_Ready(&PyArrayMapIter_Type) < 0) {
+        return RETVAL;
+    }
+    if (PyType_Ready(&PyArrayMultiIter_Type) < 0) {
+        return RETVAL;
+    }
+    PyArrayNeighborhoodIter_Type.tp_new = PyType_GenericNew;
+    if (PyType_Ready(&PyArrayNeighborhoodIter_Type) < 0) {
+        return RETVAL;
+    }
+    if (PyType_Ready(&NpyIter_Type) < 0) {
+        return RETVAL;
+    }
+
+    PyArrayDescr_Type.tp_hash = PyArray_DescrHash;
+    if (PyType_Ready(&PyArrayDescr_Type) < 0) {
+        return RETVAL;
+    }
+    if (PyType_Ready(&PyArrayFlags_Type) < 0) {
+        return RETVAL;
+    }
+    NpyBusDayCalendar_Type.tp_new = PyType_GenericNew;
+    if (PyType_Ready(&NpyBusDayCalendar_Type) < 0) {
+        return RETVAL;
+    }
+/* FIXME
+ * There is no error handling here
+ */
+    c_api = NpyCapsule_FromVoidPtr((void *)PyArray_API, NULL);
+    PyDict_SetItemString(d, "_ARRAY_API", c_api);
+    Py_DECREF(c_api);
+    if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto err;
+    }
+
+    /* Initialize types in numpymemoryview.c */
+    if (_numpymemoryview_init(&s) < 0) {
+        return RETVAL;
+    }
+    if (s != NULL) {
+        PyDict_SetItemString(d, "memorysimpleview", s);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * PyExc_Exception should catch all the standard errors that are
+     * now raised instead of the string exception "multiarray.error"
+
+     * This is for backward compatibility with existing code.
+     */
+    PyDict_SetItemString (d, "error", PyExc_Exception);
+
+    s = PyUString_FromString("3.1");
+    PyDict_SetItemString(d, "__version__", s);
+    Py_DECREF(s);
+
+/* FIXME
+ * There is no error handling here
+ */
+    s = NpyCapsule_FromVoidPtr((void *)_datetime_strings, NULL);
+    PyDict_SetItemString(d, "DATETIMEUNITS", s);
+    Py_DECREF(s);
+
+#define ADDCONST(NAME)                          \
+    s = PyInt_FromLong(NPY_##NAME);             \
+    PyDict_SetItemString(d, #NAME, s);          \
+    Py_DECREF(s)
+
+
+    ADDCONST(ALLOW_THREADS);
+    ADDCONST(BUFSIZE);
+    ADDCONST(CLIP);
+
+    ADDCONST(ITEM_HASOBJECT);
+    ADDCONST(LIST_PICKLE);
+    ADDCONST(ITEM_IS_POINTER);
+    ADDCONST(NEEDS_INIT);
+    ADDCONST(NEEDS_PYAPI);
+    ADDCONST(USE_GETITEM);
+    ADDCONST(USE_SETITEM);
+
+    ADDCONST(RAISE);
+    ADDCONST(WRAP);
+    ADDCONST(MAXDIMS);
+#undef ADDCONST
+
+    Py_INCREF(&PyArray_Type);
+    PyDict_SetItemString(d, "ndarray", (PyObject *)&PyArray_Type);
+    Py_INCREF(&PyArrayIter_Type);
+    PyDict_SetItemString(d, "flatiter", (PyObject *)&PyArrayIter_Type);
+    Py_INCREF(&PyArrayMultiIter_Type);
+    PyDict_SetItemString(d, "nditer", (PyObject *)&NpyIter_Type);
+    Py_INCREF(&NpyIter_Type);
+    PyDict_SetItemString(d, "broadcast",
+                         (PyObject *)&PyArrayMultiIter_Type);
+    Py_INCREF(&PyArrayDescr_Type);
+    PyDict_SetItemString(d, "dtype", (PyObject *)&PyArrayDescr_Type);
+
+    Py_INCREF(&PyArrayFlags_Type);
+    PyDict_SetItemString(d, "flagsobj", (PyObject *)&PyArrayFlags_Type);
+
+    /* Business day calendar object */
+    Py_INCREF(&NpyBusDayCalendar_Type);
+    PyDict_SetItemString(d, "busdaycalendar",
+                            (PyObject *)&NpyBusDayCalendar_Type);
+    set_flaginfo(d);
+
+    if (!intern_strings()) {
+        goto err;
+    }
+
+    if (set_typeinfo(d) != 0) {
+        goto err;
+    }
+    return RETVAL;
+
+ err:
+    if (!PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError,
+                        "cannot load multiarray module.");
+    }
+    return RETVAL;
+}