numpy 1.9.3__zip → 1.10.0__zip

numpy-1.10.0.post2/numpy/core/src/multiarray/ctors.c

@@ -0,0 +1,3838 @@
+#define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN
+#include <Python.h>
+#include "structmember.h"
+
+#define NPY_NO_DEPRECATED_API NPY_API_VERSION
+#define _MULTIARRAYMODULE
+#include "numpy/arrayobject.h"
+#include "numpy/arrayscalars.h"
+
+#include "numpy/npy_math.h"
+
+#include "npy_config.h"
+
+#include "npy_pycompat.h"
+#include "multiarraymodule.h"
+
+#include "common.h"
+#include "ctors.h"
+#include "convert_datatype.h"
+#include "shape.h"
+#include "buffer.h"
+#include "numpymemoryview.h"
+#include "lowlevel_strided_loops.h"
+#include "methods.h"
+#include "_datetime.h"
+#include "datetime_strings.h"
+#include "array_assign.h"
+#include "mapping.h" /* for array_item_asarray */
+#include "templ_common.h" /* for npy_mul_with_overflow_intp */
+#include "alloc.h"
+#include <assert.h>
+
+/*
+ * Reading from a file or a string.
+ *
+ * As much as possible, we try to use the same code for both files and strings,
+ * so the semantics for fromstring and fromfile are the same, especially with
+ * regards to the handling of text representations.
+ */
+
+typedef int (*next_element)(void **, void *, PyArray_Descr *, void *);
+typedef int (*skip_separator)(void **, const char *, void *);
+
+static int
+fromstr_next_element(char **s, void *dptr, PyArray_Descr *dtype,
+                     const char *end)
+{
+    int r = dtype->f->fromstr(*s, dptr, s, dtype);
+    if (end != NULL && *s > end) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    return r;
+}
+
+static int
+fromfile_next_element(FILE **fp, void *dptr, PyArray_Descr *dtype,
+                      void *NPY_UNUSED(stream_data))
+{
+    /* the NULL argument is for backwards-compatibility */
+    return dtype->f->scanfunc(*fp, dptr, NULL, dtype);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Remove multiple whitespace from the separator, and add a space to the
+ * beginning and end. This simplifies the separator-skipping code below.
+ */
+static char *
+swab_separator(const char *sep)
+{
+    int skip_space = 0;
+    char *s, *start;
+
+    s = start = malloc(strlen(sep)+3);
+    if (s == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    /* add space to front if there isn't one */
+    if (*sep != '\0' && !isspace(*sep)) {
+        *s = ' '; s++;
+    }
+    while (*sep != '\0') {
+        if (isspace(*sep)) {
+            if (skip_space) {
+                sep++;
+            }
+            else {
+                *s = ' ';
+                s++;
+                sep++;
+                skip_space = 1;
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            *s = *sep;
+            s++;
+            sep++;
+            skip_space = 0;
+        }
+    }
+    /* add space to end if there isn't one */
+    if (s != start && s[-1] == ' ') {
+        *s = ' ';
+        s++;
+    }
+    *s = '\0';
+    return start;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Assuming that the separator is the next bit in the string (file), skip it.
+ *
+ * Single spaces in the separator are matched to arbitrary-long sequences
+ * of whitespace in the input. If the separator consists only of spaces,
+ * it matches one or more whitespace characters.
+ *
+ * If we can't match the separator, return -2.
+ * If we hit the end of the string (file), return -1.
+ * Otherwise, return 0.
+ */
+static int
+fromstr_skip_separator(char **s, const char *sep, const char *end)
+{
+    char *string = *s;
+    int result = 0;
+    while (1) {
+        char c = *string;
+        if (c == '\0' || (end != NULL && string >= end)) {
+            result = -1;
+            break;
+        }
+        else if (*sep == '\0') {
+            if (string != *s) {
+                /* matched separator */
+                result = 0;
+                break;
+            }
+            else {
+                /* separator was whitespace wildcard that didn't match */
+                result = -2;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        else if (*sep == ' ') {
+            /* whitespace wildcard */
+            if (!isspace(c)) {
+                sep++;
+                continue;
+            }
+        }
+        else if (*sep != c) {
+            result = -2;
+            break;
+        }
+        else {
+            sep++;
+        }
+        string++;
+    }
+    *s = string;
+    return result;
+}
+
+static int
+fromfile_skip_separator(FILE **fp, const char *sep, void *NPY_UNUSED(stream_data))
+{
+    int result = 0;
+    const char *sep_start = sep;
+
+    while (1) {
+        int c = fgetc(*fp);
+
+        if (c == EOF) {
+            result = -1;
+            break;
+        }
+        else if (*sep == '\0') {
+            ungetc(c, *fp);
+            if (sep != sep_start) {
+                /* matched separator */
+                result = 0;
+                break;
+            }
+            else {
+                /* separator was whitespace wildcard that didn't match */
+                result = -2;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        else if (*sep == ' ') {
+            /* whitespace wildcard */
+            if (!isspace(c)) {
+                sep++;
+                sep_start++;
+                ungetc(c, *fp);
+            }
+            else if (sep == sep_start) {
+                sep_start--;
+            }
+        }
+        else if (*sep != c) {
+            ungetc(c, *fp);
+            result = -2;
+            break;
+        }
+        else {
+            sep++;
+        }
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Change a sub-array field to the base descriptor
+ * and update the dimensions and strides
+ * appropriately.  Dimensions and strides are added
+ * to the end.
+ *
+ * Strides are only added if given (because data is given).
+ */
+static int
+_update_descr_and_dimensions(PyArray_Descr **des, npy_intp *newdims,
+                             npy_intp *newstrides, int oldnd)
+{
+    PyArray_Descr *old;
+    int newnd;
+    int numnew;
+    npy_intp *mydim;
+    int i;
+    int tuple;
+
+    old = *des;
+    *des = old->subarray->base;
+
+
+    mydim = newdims + oldnd;
+    tuple = PyTuple_Check(old->subarray->shape);
+    if (tuple) {
+        numnew = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(old->subarray->shape);
+    }
+    else {
+        numnew = 1;
+    }
+
+
+    newnd = oldnd + numnew;
+    if (newnd > NPY_MAXDIMS) {
+        goto finish;
+    }
+    if (tuple) {
+        for (i = 0; i < numnew; i++) {
+            mydim[i] = (npy_intp) PyInt_AsLong(
+                    PyTuple_GET_ITEM(old->subarray->shape, i));
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        mydim[0] = (npy_intp) PyInt_AsLong(old->subarray->shape);
+    }
+
+    if (newstrides) {
+        npy_intp tempsize;
+        npy_intp *mystrides;
+
+        mystrides = newstrides + oldnd;
+        /* Make new strides -- alwasy C-contiguous */
+        tempsize = (*des)->elsize;
+        for (i = numnew - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+            mystrides[i] = tempsize;
+            tempsize *= mydim[i] ? mydim[i] : 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+ finish:
+    Py_INCREF(*des);
+    Py_DECREF(old);
+    return newnd;
+}
+
+NPY_NO_EXPORT void
+_unaligned_strided_byte_copy(char *dst, npy_intp outstrides, char *src,
+                             npy_intp instrides, npy_intp N, int elsize)
+{
+    npy_intp i;
+    char *tout = dst;
+    char *tin = src;
+
+#define _COPY_N_SIZE(size) \
+    for(i=0; i<N; i++) { \
+        memcpy(tout, tin, size); \
+        tin += instrides; \
+        tout += outstrides; \
+    } \
+    return
+
+    switch(elsize) {
+    case 8:
+        _COPY_N_SIZE(8);
+    case 4:
+        _COPY_N_SIZE(4);
+    case 1:
+        _COPY_N_SIZE(1);
+    case 2:
+        _COPY_N_SIZE(2);
+    case 16:
+        _COPY_N_SIZE(16);
+    default:
+        _COPY_N_SIZE(elsize);
+    }
+#undef _COPY_N_SIZE
+
+}
+
+NPY_NO_EXPORT void
+_strided_byte_swap(void *p, npy_intp stride, npy_intp n, int size)
+{
+    char *a, *b, c = 0;
+    int j, m;
+
+    switch(size) {
+    case 1: /* no byteswap necessary */
+        break;
+    case 4:
+        if (npy_is_aligned((void*)((npy_intp)p | stride), sizeof(npy_uint32))) {
+            for (a = (char*)p; n > 0; n--, a += stride) {
+                npy_uint32 * a_ = (npy_uint32 *)a;
+                *a_ = npy_bswap4(*a_);
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            for (a = (char*)p; n > 0; n--, a += stride) {
+                npy_bswap4_unaligned(a);
+            }
+        }
+        break;
+    case 8:
+        if (npy_is_aligned((void*)((npy_intp)p | stride), sizeof(npy_uint64))) {
+            for (a = (char*)p; n > 0; n--, a += stride) {
+                npy_uint64 * a_ = (npy_uint64 *)a;
+                *a_ = npy_bswap8(*a_);
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            for (a = (char*)p; n > 0; n--, a += stride) {
+                npy_bswap8_unaligned(a);
+            }
+        }
+        break;
+    case 2:
+        if (npy_is_aligned((void*)((npy_intp)p | stride), sizeof(npy_uint16))) {
+            for (a = (char*)p; n > 0; n--, a += stride) {
+                npy_uint16 * a_ = (npy_uint16 *)a;
+                *a_ = npy_bswap2(*a_);
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            for (a = (char*)p; n > 0; n--, a += stride) {
+                npy_bswap2_unaligned(a);
+            }
+        }
+        break;
+    default:
+        m = size/2;
+        for (a = (char *)p; n > 0; n--, a += stride - m) {
+            b = a + (size - 1);
+            for (j = 0; j < m; j++) {
+                c=*a; *a++ = *b; *b-- = c;
+            }
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+}
+
+NPY_NO_EXPORT void
+byte_swap_vector(void *p, npy_intp n, int size)
+{
+    _strided_byte_swap(p, (npy_intp) size, n, size);
+    return;
+}
+
+/* If numitems > 1, then dst must be contiguous */
+NPY_NO_EXPORT void
+copy_and_swap(void *dst, void *src, int itemsize, npy_intp numitems,
+              npy_intp srcstrides, int swap)
+{
+    if ((numitems == 1) || (itemsize == srcstrides)) {
+        memcpy(dst, src, itemsize*numitems);
+    }
+    else {
+        npy_intp i;
+        char *s1 = (char *)src;
+        char *d1 = (char *)dst;
+
+        for (i = 0; i < numitems; i++) {
+            memcpy(d1, s1, itemsize);
+            d1 += itemsize;
+            s1 += srcstrides;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (swap) {
+        byte_swap_vector(dst, numitems, itemsize);
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * adapted from Numarray,
+ * a: destination array
+ * s: source object, array or sequence
+ * dim: current recursion dimension, must be 0 on first call
+ * dst: must be NULL on first call
+ * it is a view on the destination array viewing the place where to put the
+ * data of the current recursion
+ */
+static int
+setArrayFromSequence(PyArrayObject *a, PyObject *s,
+                        int dim, PyArrayObject * dst)
+{
+    Py_ssize_t i, slen;
+    int res = -1;
+
+    /* first recursion, view equal destination */
+    if (dst == NULL)
+        dst = a;
+
+    /*
+     * This code is to ensure that the sequence access below will
+     * return a lower-dimensional sequence.
+     */
+
+    /* INCREF on entry DECREF on exit */
+    Py_INCREF(s);
+
+    if (PyArray_Check(s)) {
+        if (!(PyArray_CheckExact(s))) {
+            /*
+             * make sure a base-class array is used so that the dimensionality
+             * reduction assumption is correct.
+             */
+            /* This will DECREF(s) if replaced */
+            s = PyArray_EnsureArray(s);
+            if (s == NULL) {
+                goto fail;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /* dst points to correct array subsection */
+        if (PyArray_CopyInto(dst, (PyArrayObject *)s) < 0) {
+            goto fail;
+        }
+
+        Py_DECREF(s);
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    if (dim > PyArray_NDIM(a)) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
+                 "setArrayFromSequence: sequence/array dimensions mismatch.");
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    slen = PySequence_Length(s);
+    if (slen < 0) {
+        goto fail;
+    }
+    /*
+     * Either the dimensions match, or the sequence has length 1 and can
+     * be broadcast to the destination.
+     */
+    if (slen != PyArray_DIMS(a)[dim] && slen != 1) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
+                 "cannot copy sequence with size %d to array axis "
+                 "with dimension %d", (int)slen, (int)PyArray_DIMS(a)[dim]);
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    /* Broadcast the one element from the sequence to all the outputs */
+    if (slen == 1) {
+        PyObject *o;
+        npy_intp alen = PyArray_DIM(a, dim);
+
+        o = PySequence_GetItem(s, 0);
+        if (o == NULL) {
+            goto fail;
+        }
+
+        for (i = 0; i < alen; i++) {
+            if ((PyArray_NDIM(a) - dim) > 1) {
+                PyArrayObject * tmp =
+                    (PyArrayObject *)array_item_asarray(dst, i);
+                if (tmp == NULL) {
+                    goto fail;
+                }
+
+                res = setArrayFromSequence(a, o, dim+1, tmp);
+                Py_DECREF(tmp);
+            }
+            else {
+                char * b = (PyArray_BYTES(dst) + i * PyArray_STRIDES(dst)[0]);
+                res = PyArray_DESCR(dst)->f->setitem(o, b, dst);
+            }
+            if (res < 0) {
+                Py_DECREF(o);
+                goto fail;
+            }
+        }
+        Py_DECREF(o);
+    }
+    /* Copy element by element */
+    else {
+        PyObject * seq;
+        seq = PySequence_Fast(s, "Could not convert object to sequence");
+        if (seq == NULL) {
+            goto fail;
+        }
+        for (i = 0; i < slen; i++) {
+            PyObject * o = PySequence_Fast_GET_ITEM(seq, i);
+            if ((PyArray_NDIM(a) - dim) > 1) {
+                PyArrayObject * tmp =
+                    (PyArrayObject *)array_item_asarray(dst, i);
+                if (tmp == NULL) {
+                    Py_DECREF(seq);
+                    goto fail;
+                }
+
+                res = setArrayFromSequence(a, o, dim+1, tmp);
+                Py_DECREF(tmp);
+            }
+            else {
+                char * b = (PyArray_BYTES(dst) + i * PyArray_STRIDES(dst)[0]);
+                res = PyArray_DESCR(dst)->f->setitem(o, b, dst);
+            }
+            if (res < 0) {
+                Py_DECREF(seq);
+                goto fail;
+            }
+        }
+        Py_DECREF(seq);
+    }
+
+    Py_DECREF(s);
+    return 0;
+
+ fail:
+    Py_DECREF(s);
+    return res;
+}
+
+NPY_NO_EXPORT int
+PyArray_AssignFromSequence(PyArrayObject *self, PyObject *v)
+{
+    if (!PySequence_Check(v)) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                        "assignment from non-sequence");
+        return -1;
+    }
+    if (PyArray_NDIM(self) == 0) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                        "assignment to 0-d array");
+        return -1;
+    }
+    return setArrayFromSequence(self, v, 0, NULL);
+}
+
+/*
+ * The rest of this code is to build the right kind of array
+ * from a python object.
+ */
+
+static int
+discover_itemsize(PyObject *s, int nd, int *itemsize, int string_type)
+{
+    int r;
+    npy_intp n, i;
+
+    if (PyArray_Check(s)) {
+        *itemsize = PyArray_MAX(*itemsize, PyArray_ITEMSIZE((PyArrayObject *)s));
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    if ((nd == 0) || PyString_Check(s) ||
+#if defined(NPY_PY3K)
+            PyMemoryView_Check(s) ||
+#else
+            PyBuffer_Check(s) ||
+#endif
+            PyUnicode_Check(s)) {
+
+        /* If an object has no length, leave it be */
+        if (string_type && s != NULL &&
+                !PyString_Check(s) && !PyUnicode_Check(s)) {
+            PyObject *s_string = NULL;
+            if (string_type == NPY_STRING) {
+                s_string = PyObject_Str(s);
+            }
+            else {
+#if defined(NPY_PY3K)
+                s_string = PyObject_Str(s);
+#else
+                s_string = PyObject_Unicode(s);
+#endif
+            }
+            if (s_string) {
+                n = PyObject_Length(s_string);
+                Py_DECREF(s_string);
+            }
+            else {
+                n = -1;
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            n = PyObject_Length(s);
+        }
+        if (n == -1) {
+            PyErr_Clear();
+        }
+        else {
+            *itemsize = PyArray_MAX(*itemsize, n);
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    n = PySequence_Length(s);
+    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        PyObject *e = PySequence_GetItem(s,i);
+
+        if (e == NULL) {
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        r = discover_itemsize(e, nd - 1, itemsize, string_type);
+        Py_DECREF(e);
+        if (r == -1) {
+            return -1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Take an arbitrary object and discover how many dimensions it
+ * has, filling in the dimensions as we go.
+ */
+static int
+discover_dimensions(PyObject *obj, int *maxndim, npy_intp *d, int check_it,
+                                    int stop_at_string, int stop_at_tuple,
+                                    int *out_is_object)
+{
+    PyObject *e;
+    int r;
+    npy_intp n, i;
+    Py_buffer buffer_view;
+    PyObject * seq;
+
+    if (*maxndim == 0) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /* obj is an Array */
+    if (PyArray_Check(obj)) {
+        PyArrayObject *arr = (PyArrayObject *)obj;
+
+        if (PyArray_NDIM(arr) < *maxndim) {
+            *maxndim = PyArray_NDIM(arr);
+        }
+
+        for (i=0; i<*maxndim; i++) {
+            d[i] = PyArray_DIM(arr,i);
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /* obj is a Scalar */
+    if (PyArray_IsScalar(obj, Generic)) {
+        *maxndim = 0;
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /* obj is not a Sequence */
+    if (!PySequence_Check(obj) ||
+#if defined(NPY_PY3K)
+        /* FIXME: XXX -- what is the correct thing to do here? */
+#else
+            PyInstance_Check(obj) ||
+#endif
+            PySequence_Length(obj) < 0) {
+        *maxndim = 0;
+        PyErr_Clear();
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /* obj is a String */
+    if (PyString_Check(obj) ||
+#if defined(NPY_PY3K)
+#else
+            PyBuffer_Check(obj) ||
+#endif
+            PyUnicode_Check(obj)) {
+        if (stop_at_string) {
+            *maxndim = 0;
+        }
+        else {
+            d[0] = PySequence_Length(obj);
+            *maxndim = 1;
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /* obj is a Tuple, but tuples aren't expanded */
+    if (stop_at_tuple && PyTuple_Check(obj)) {
+        *maxndim = 0;
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /* obj is a PEP 3118 buffer */
+    /* PEP 3118 buffer interface */
+    if (PyObject_CheckBuffer(obj) == 1) {
+        memset(&buffer_view, 0, sizeof(Py_buffer));
+        if (PyObject_GetBuffer(obj, &buffer_view, PyBUF_STRIDES) == 0 ||
+            PyObject_GetBuffer(obj, &buffer_view, PyBUF_ND) == 0) {
+            int nd = buffer_view.ndim;
+            if (nd < *maxndim) {
+                *maxndim = nd;
+            }
+            for (i=0; i<*maxndim; i++) {
+                d[i] = buffer_view.shape[i];
+            }
+            PyBuffer_Release(&buffer_view);
+            return 0;
+        }
+        else if (PyObject_GetBuffer(obj, &buffer_view, PyBUF_SIMPLE) == 0) {
+            d[0] = buffer_view.len;
+            *maxndim = 1;
+            PyBuffer_Release(&buffer_view);
+            return 0;
+        }
+        else {
+            PyErr_Clear();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* obj has the __array_struct__ interface */
+    e = PyArray_GetAttrString_SuppressException(obj, "__array_struct__");
+    if (e != NULL) {
+        int nd = -1;
+        if (NpyCapsule_Check(e)) {
+            PyArrayInterface *inter;
+            inter = (PyArrayInterface *)NpyCapsule_AsVoidPtr(e);
+            if (inter->two == 2) {
+                nd = inter->nd;
+                if (nd >= 0) {
+                    if (nd < *maxndim) {
+                        *maxndim = nd;
+                    }
+                    for (i=0; i<*maxndim; i++) {
+                        d[i] = inter->shape[i];
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        Py_DECREF(e);
+        if (nd >= 0) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* obj has the __array_interface__ interface */
+    e = PyArray_GetAttrString_SuppressException(obj, "__array_interface__");
+    if (e != NULL) {
+        int nd = -1;
+        if (PyDict_Check(e)) {
+            PyObject *new;
+            new = PyDict_GetItemString(e, "shape");
+            if (new && PyTuple_Check(new)) {
+                nd = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(new);
+                if (nd < *maxndim) {
+                    *maxndim = nd;
+                }
+                for (i=0; i<*maxndim; i++) {
+                    d[i] = PyInt_AsSsize_t(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(new, i));
+                    if (d[i] < 0) {
+                        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError,
+                                "Invalid shape in __array_interface__");
+                        Py_DECREF(e);
+                        return -1;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        Py_DECREF(e);
+        if (nd >= 0) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    seq = PySequence_Fast(obj, "Could not convert object to sequence");
+    if (seq == NULL) {
+        /*
+         * PySequence_Check detects whether an old type object is a
+         * sequence by the presence of the __getitem__ attribute, and
+         * for new type objects that aren't dictionaries by the
+         * presence of the __len__ attribute as well. In either case it
+         * is possible to have an object that tests as a sequence but
+         * doesn't behave as a sequence and consequently, the
+         * PySequence_GetItem call can fail. When that happens and the
+         * object looks like a dictionary, we truncate the dimensions
+         * and set the object creation flag, otherwise we pass the
+         * error back up the call chain.
+         */
+        if (PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_KeyError)) {
+            PyErr_Clear();
+            *maxndim = 0;
+            *out_is_object = 1;
+            return 0;
+        }
+        else {
+            return -1;
+        }
+    }
+    n = PySequence_Fast_GET_SIZE(seq);
+
+    d[0] = n;
+
+    /* 1-dimensional sequence */
+    if (n == 0 || *maxndim == 1) {
+        *maxndim = 1;
+        Py_DECREF(seq);
+        return 0;
+    }
+    else {
+        npy_intp dtmp[NPY_MAXDIMS];
+        int j, maxndim_m1 = *maxndim - 1;
+        e = PySequence_Fast_GET_ITEM(seq, 0);
+
+        r = discover_dimensions(e, &maxndim_m1, d + 1, check_it,
+                                        stop_at_string, stop_at_tuple,
+                                        out_is_object);
+        if (r < 0) {
+            Py_DECREF(seq);
+            return r;
+        }
+
+        /* For the dimension truncation check below */
+        *maxndim = maxndim_m1 + 1;
+        for (i = 1; i < n; ++i) {
+            e = PySequence_Fast_GET_ITEM(seq, i);
+            /* Get the dimensions of the first item */
+            r = discover_dimensions(e, &maxndim_m1, dtmp, check_it,
+                                            stop_at_string, stop_at_tuple,
+                                            out_is_object);
+            if (r < 0) {
+                Py_DECREF(seq);
+                return r;
+            }
+
+            /* Reduce max_ndim_m1 to just items which match */
+            for (j = 0; j < maxndim_m1; ++j) {
+                if (dtmp[j] != d[j+1]) {
+                    maxndim_m1 = j;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        /*
+         * If the dimensions are truncated, need to produce
+         * an object array.
+         */
+        if (maxndim_m1 + 1 < *maxndim) {
+            *out_is_object = 1;
+            *maxndim = maxndim_m1 + 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    Py_DECREF(seq);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generic new array creation routine.
+ * Internal variant with calloc argument for PyArray_Zeros.
+ *
+ * steals a reference to descr (even on failure)
+ */
+static PyObject *
+PyArray_NewFromDescr_int(PyTypeObject *subtype, PyArray_Descr *descr, int nd,
+                         npy_intp *dims, npy_intp *strides, void *data,
+                         int flags, PyObject *obj, int zeroed)
+{
+    PyArrayObject_fields *fa;
+    int i;
+    size_t sd;
+    npy_intp size;
+
+    if (descr->subarray) {
+        PyObject *ret;
+        npy_intp newdims[2*NPY_MAXDIMS];
+        npy_intp *newstrides = NULL;
+        memcpy(newdims, dims, nd*sizeof(npy_intp));
+        if (strides) {
+            newstrides = newdims + NPY_MAXDIMS;
+            memcpy(newstrides, strides, nd*sizeof(npy_intp));
+        }
+        nd =_update_descr_and_dimensions(&descr, newdims,
+                                         newstrides, nd);
+        ret = PyArray_NewFromDescr_int(subtype, descr, nd, newdims,
+                                       newstrides,
+                                       data, flags, obj, zeroed);
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    if ((unsigned int)nd > (unsigned int)NPY_MAXDIMS) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
+                     "number of dimensions must be within [0, %d]",
+                     NPY_MAXDIMS);
+        Py_DECREF(descr);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    /* Check dimensions */
+    size = 1;
+    sd = (size_t) descr->elsize;
+    if (sd == 0) {
+        if (!PyDataType_ISSTRING(descr)) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "Empty data-type");
+            Py_DECREF(descr);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        PyArray_DESCR_REPLACE(descr);
+        if (descr == NULL) {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        if (descr->type_num == NPY_STRING) {
+            sd = descr->elsize = 1;
+        }
+        else {
+            sd = descr->elsize = sizeof(npy_ucs4);
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (i = 0; i < nd; i++) {
+        npy_intp dim = dims[i];
+
+        if (dim == 0) {
+            /*
+             * Compare to PyArray_OverflowMultiplyList that
+             * returns 0 in this case.
+             */
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if (dim < 0) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                            "negative dimensions "  \
+                            "are not allowed");
+            Py_DECREF(descr);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+
+        /*
+         * Care needs to be taken to avoid integer overflow when
+         * multiplying the dimensions together to get the total size of the
+         * array.
+         */
+        if (npy_mul_with_overflow_intp(&size, size, dim)) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                            "array is too big.");
+            Py_DECREF(descr);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+    }
+
+    fa = (PyArrayObject_fields *) subtype->tp_alloc(subtype, 0);
+    if (fa == NULL) {
+        Py_DECREF(descr);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    fa->nd = nd;
+    fa->dimensions = NULL;
+    fa->data = NULL;
+    if (data == NULL) {
+        fa->flags = NPY_ARRAY_DEFAULT;
+        if (flags) {
+            fa->flags |= NPY_ARRAY_F_CONTIGUOUS;
+            if (nd > 1) {
+                fa->flags &= ~NPY_ARRAY_C_CONTIGUOUS;
+            }
+            flags = NPY_ARRAY_F_CONTIGUOUS;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        fa->flags = (flags & ~NPY_ARRAY_UPDATEIFCOPY);
+    }
+    fa->descr = descr;
+    fa->base = (PyObject *)NULL;
+    fa->weakreflist = (PyObject *)NULL;
+
+    if (nd > 0) {
+        fa->dimensions = npy_alloc_cache_dim(2 * nd);
+        if (fa->dimensions == NULL) {
+            PyErr_NoMemory();
+            goto fail;
+        }
+        fa->strides = fa->dimensions + nd;
+        memcpy(fa->dimensions, dims, sizeof(npy_intp)*nd);
+        if (strides == NULL) { /* fill it in */
+            sd = _array_fill_strides(fa->strides, dims, nd, sd,
+                                     flags, &(fa->flags));
+        }
+        else {
+            /*
+             * we allow strides even when we create
+             * the memory, but be careful with this...
+             */
+            memcpy(fa->strides, strides, sizeof(npy_intp)*nd);
+            sd *= size;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        fa->dimensions = fa->strides = NULL;
+        fa->flags |= NPY_ARRAY_F_CONTIGUOUS;
+    }
+
+    if (data == NULL) {
+        /*
+         * Allocate something even for zero-space arrays
+         * e.g. shape=(0,) -- otherwise buffer exposure
+         * (a.data) doesn't work as it should.
+         */
+
+        if (sd == 0) {
+            sd = descr->elsize;
+        }
+        /*
+         * It is bad to have unitialized OBJECT pointers
+         * which could also be sub-fields of a VOID array
+         */
+        if (zeroed || PyDataType_FLAGCHK(descr, NPY_NEEDS_INIT)) {
+            data = npy_alloc_cache_zero(sd);
+        }
+        else {
+            data = npy_alloc_cache(sd);
+        }
+        if (data == NULL) {
+            PyErr_NoMemory();
+            goto fail;
+        }
+        fa->flags |= NPY_ARRAY_OWNDATA;
+
+    }
+    else {
+        /*
+         * If data is passed in, this object won't own it by default.
+         * Caller must arrange for this to be reset if truly desired
+         */
+        fa->flags &= ~NPY_ARRAY_OWNDATA;
+    }
+    fa->data = data;
+
+    /*
+     * always update the flags to get the right CONTIGUOUS, ALIGN properties
+     * not owned data and input strides may not be aligned and on some
+     * platforms (debian sparc) malloc does not provide enough alignment for
+     * long double types
+     */
+    PyArray_UpdateFlags((PyArrayObject *)fa, NPY_ARRAY_UPDATE_ALL);
+
+    /*
+     * call the __array_finalize__
+     * method if a subtype.
+     * If obj is NULL, then call method with Py_None
+     */
+    if ((subtype != &PyArray_Type)) {
+        PyObject *res, *func, *args;
+
+        func = PyObject_GetAttr((PyObject *)fa, npy_ma_str_array_finalize);
+        if (func && func != Py_None) {
+            if (NpyCapsule_Check(func)) {
+                /* A C-function is stored here */
+                PyArray_FinalizeFunc *cfunc;
+                cfunc = NpyCapsule_AsVoidPtr(func);
+                Py_DECREF(func);
+                if (cfunc((PyArrayObject *)fa, obj) < 0) {
+                    goto fail;
+                }
+            }
+            else {
+                args = PyTuple_New(1);
+                if (obj == NULL) {
+                    obj=Py_None;
+                }
+                Py_INCREF(obj);
+                PyTuple_SET_ITEM(args, 0, obj);
+                res = PyObject_Call(func, args, NULL);
+                Py_DECREF(args);
+                Py_DECREF(func);
+                if (res == NULL) {
+                    goto fail;
+                }
+                else {
+                    Py_DECREF(res);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        else Py_XDECREF(func);
+    }
+    return (PyObject *)fa;
+
+ fail:
+    Py_DECREF(fa);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+
+/*NUMPY_API
+ * Generic new array creation routine.
+ *
+ * steals a reference to descr (even on failure)
+ */
+NPY_NO_EXPORT PyObject *
+PyArray_NewFromDescr(PyTypeObject *subtype, PyArray_Descr *descr, int nd,
+                     npy_intp *dims, npy_intp *strides, void *data,
+                     int flags, PyObject *obj)
+{
+    return PyArray_NewFromDescr_int(subtype, descr, nd,
+                                    dims, strides, data,
+                                    flags, obj, 0);
+}
+
+/*NUMPY_API
+ * Creates a new array with the same shape as the provided one,
+ * with possible memory layout order and data type changes.
+ *
+ * prototype - The array the new one should be like.
+ * order     - NPY_CORDER - C-contiguous result.
+ *             NPY_FORTRANORDER - Fortran-contiguous result.
+ *             NPY_ANYORDER - Fortran if prototype is Fortran, C otherwise.
+ *             NPY_KEEPORDER - Keeps the axis ordering of prototype.
+ * dtype     - If not NULL, overrides the data type of the result.
+ * subok     - If 1, use the prototype's array subtype, otherwise
+ *             always create a base-class array.
+ *
+ * NOTE: If dtype is not NULL, steals the dtype reference.
+ */
+NPY_NO_EXPORT PyObject *
+PyArray_NewLikeArray(PyArrayObject *prototype, NPY_ORDER order,
+                     PyArray_Descr *dtype, int subok)
+{
+    PyObject *ret = NULL;
+    int ndim = PyArray_NDIM(prototype);
+
+    /* If no override data type, use the one from the prototype */
+    if (dtype == NULL) {
+        dtype = PyArray_DESCR(prototype);
+        Py_INCREF(dtype);
+    }
+
+    /* Handle ANYORDER and simple KEEPORDER cases */
+    switch (order) {
+        case NPY_ANYORDER:
+            order = PyArray_ISFORTRAN(prototype) ?
+                                    NPY_FORTRANORDER : NPY_CORDER;
+            break;
+        case NPY_KEEPORDER:
+            if (PyArray_IS_C_CONTIGUOUS(prototype) || ndim <= 1) {
+                order = NPY_CORDER;
+                break;
+            }
+            else if (PyArray_IS_F_CONTIGUOUS(prototype)) {
+                order = NPY_FORTRANORDER;
+                break;
+            }
+            break;
+        default:
+            break;
+    }
+
+    /* If it's not KEEPORDER, this is simple */
+    if (order != NPY_KEEPORDER) {
+        ret = PyArray_NewFromDescr(subok ? Py_TYPE(prototype) : &PyArray_Type,
+                                        dtype,
+                                        ndim,
+                                        PyArray_DIMS(prototype),
+                                        NULL,
+                                        NULL,
+                                        order,
+                                        subok ? (PyObject *)prototype : NULL);
+    }
+    /* KEEPORDER needs some analysis of the strides */
+    else {
+        npy_intp strides[NPY_MAXDIMS], stride;
+        npy_intp *shape = PyArray_DIMS(prototype);
+        npy_stride_sort_item strideperm[NPY_MAXDIMS];
+        int idim;
+
+        PyArray_CreateSortedStridePerm(PyArray_NDIM(prototype),
+                                        PyArray_STRIDES(prototype),
+                                        strideperm);
+
+        /* Build the new strides */
+        stride = dtype->elsize;
+        for (idim = ndim-1; idim >= 0; --idim) {
+            npy_intp i_perm = strideperm[idim].perm;
+            strides[i_perm] = stride;
+            stride *= shape[i_perm];
+        }
+
+        /* Finally, allocate the array */
+        ret = PyArray_NewFromDescr(subok ? Py_TYPE(prototype) : &PyArray_Type,
+                                        dtype,
+                                        ndim,
+                                        shape,
+                                        strides,
+                                        NULL,
+                                        0,
+                                        subok ? (PyObject *)prototype : NULL);
+    }
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+/*NUMPY_API
+ * Generic new array creation routine.
+ */
+NPY_NO_EXPORT PyObject *
+PyArray_New(PyTypeObject *subtype, int nd, npy_intp *dims, int type_num,
+            npy_intp *strides, void *data, int itemsize, int flags,
+            PyObject *obj)
+{
+    PyArray_Descr *descr;
+    PyObject *new;
+
+    descr = PyArray_DescrFromType(type_num);
+    if (descr == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (descr->elsize == 0) {
+        if (itemsize < 1) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                            "data type must provide an itemsize");
+            Py_DECREF(descr);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        PyArray_DESCR_REPLACE(descr);
+        descr->elsize = itemsize;
+    }
+    new = PyArray_NewFromDescr(subtype, descr, nd, dims, strides,
+                               data, flags, obj);
+    return new;
+}
+
+
+NPY_NO_EXPORT int
+_array_from_buffer_3118(PyObject *obj, PyObject **out)
+{
+    /* PEP 3118 */
+    PyObject *memoryview;
+    Py_buffer *view;
+    PyArray_Descr *descr = NULL;
+    PyObject *r;
+    int nd, flags, k;
+    Py_ssize_t d;
+    npy_intp shape[NPY_MAXDIMS], strides[NPY_MAXDIMS];
+
+    memoryview = PyMemoryView_FromObject(obj);
+    if (memoryview == NULL) {
+        PyErr_Clear();
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    view = PyMemoryView_GET_BUFFER(memoryview);
+    if (view->format != NULL) {
+        descr = _descriptor_from_pep3118_format(view->format);
+        if (descr == NULL) {
+            PyObject *msg;
+            msg = PyBytes_FromFormat("Invalid PEP 3118 format string: '%s'",
+                                     view->format);
+            PyErr_WarnEx(PyExc_RuntimeWarning, PyBytes_AS_STRING(msg), 0);
+            Py_DECREF(msg);
+            goto fail;
+        }
+
+        /* Sanity check */
+        if (descr->elsize != view->itemsize) {
+            PyErr_WarnEx(PyExc_RuntimeWarning,
+                         "Item size computed from the PEP 3118 buffer format "
+                         "string does not match the actual item size.",
+                         0);
+            goto fail;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        descr = PyArray_DescrNewFromType(NPY_STRING);
+        descr->elsize = view->itemsize;
+    }
+
+    nd = view->ndim;
+    if (view->shape != NULL) {
+        if (nd >= NPY_MAXDIMS || nd < 0) {
+            goto fail;
+        }
+        for (k = 0; k < nd; ++k) {
+            if (k >= NPY_MAXDIMS) {
+                goto fail;
+            }
+            shape[k] = view->shape[k];
+        }
+        if (view->strides != NULL) {
+            for (k = 0; k < nd; ++k) {
+                strides[k] = view->strides[k];
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            d = view->len;
+            for (k = 0; k < nd; ++k) {
+                if (view->shape[k] != 0) {
+                    d /= view->shape[k];
+                }
+                strides[k] = d;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        if (nd == 1) {
+            shape[0] = view->len / view->itemsize;
+            strides[0] = view->itemsize;
+        }
+        else if (nd > 1) {
+            PyErr_WarnEx(PyExc_RuntimeWarning,
+                         "ndim computed from the PEP 3118 buffer format "
+                         "is greater than 1, but shape is NULL.",
+                         0);
+            goto fail;
+        }
+    }
+
+    flags = NPY_ARRAY_BEHAVED & (view->readonly ? ~NPY_ARRAY_WRITEABLE : ~0);
+    r = PyArray_NewFromDescr(&PyArray_Type, descr,
+                             nd, shape, strides, view->buf,
+                             flags, NULL);
+    if (r == NULL ||
+            PyArray_SetBaseObject((PyArrayObject *)r, memoryview) < 0) {
+        Py_XDECREF(r);
+        Py_DECREF(memoryview);
+        return -1;
+    }
+    PyArray_UpdateFlags((PyArrayObject *)r, NPY_ARRAY_UPDATE_ALL);
+
+    *out = r;
+    return 0;
+
+fail:
+    Py_XDECREF(descr);
+    Py_DECREF(memoryview);
+    return -1;
+
+}
+
+/*NUMPY_API
+ * Retrieves the array parameters for viewing/converting an arbitrary
+ * PyObject* to a NumPy array. This allows the "innate type and shape"
+ * of Python list-of-lists to be discovered without
+ * actually converting to an array.
+ *
+ * In some cases, such as structured arrays and the __array__ interface,
+ * a data type needs to be used to make sense of the object.  When
+ * this is needed, provide a Descr for 'requested_dtype', otherwise
+ * provide NULL. This reference is not stolen. Also, if the requested
+ * dtype doesn't modify the interpretation of the input, out_dtype will
+ * still get the "innate" dtype of the object, not the dtype passed
+ * in 'requested_dtype'.
+ *
+ * If writing to the value in 'op' is desired, set the boolean
+ * 'writeable' to 1.  This raises an error when 'op' is a scalar, list
+ * of lists, or other non-writeable 'op'.
+ *
+ * Result: When success (0 return value) is returned, either out_arr
+ *         is filled with a non-NULL PyArrayObject and
+ *         the rest of the parameters are untouched, or out_arr is
+ *         filled with NULL, and the rest of the parameters are
+ *         filled.
+ *
+ * Typical usage:
+ *
+ *      PyArrayObject *arr = NULL;
+ *      PyArray_Descr *dtype = NULL;
+ *      int ndim = 0;
+ *      npy_intp dims[NPY_MAXDIMS];
+ *
+ *      if (PyArray_GetArrayParamsFromObject(op, NULL, 1, &dtype,
+ *                                          &ndim, dims, &arr, NULL) < 0) {
+ *          return NULL;
+ *      }
+ *      if (arr == NULL) {
+ *          ... validate/change dtype, validate flags, ndim, etc ...
+ *          // Could make custom strides here too
+ *          arr = PyArray_NewFromDescr(&PyArray_Type, dtype, ndim,
+ *                                      dims, NULL,
+ *                                      is_f_order ? NPY_ARRAY_F_CONTIGUOUS : 0,
+ *                                      NULL);
+ *          if (arr == NULL) {
+ *              return NULL;
+ *          }
+ *          if (PyArray_CopyObject(arr, op) < 0) {
+ *              Py_DECREF(arr);
+ *              return NULL;
+ *          }
+ *      }
+ *      else {
+ *          ... in this case the other parameters weren't filled, just
+ *              validate and possibly copy arr itself ...
+ *      }
+ *      ... use arr ...
+ */
+NPY_NO_EXPORT int
+PyArray_GetArrayParamsFromObject(PyObject *op,
+                        PyArray_Descr *requested_dtype,
+                        npy_bool writeable,
+                        PyArray_Descr **out_dtype,
+                        int *out_ndim, npy_intp *out_dims,
+                        PyArrayObject **out_arr, PyObject *context)
+{
+    PyObject *tmp;
+
+    /* If op is an array */
+    if (PyArray_Check(op)) {
+        if (writeable
+            && PyArray_FailUnlessWriteable((PyArrayObject *)op, "array") < 0) {
+            return -1;
+        }
+        Py_INCREF(op);
+        *out_arr = (PyArrayObject *)op;
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /* If op is a NumPy scalar */
+    if (PyArray_IsScalar(op, Generic)) {
+        if (writeable) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError,
+                                "cannot write to scalar");
+            return -1;
+        }
+        *out_dtype = PyArray_DescrFromScalar(op);
+        if (*out_dtype == NULL) {
+            return -1;
+        }
+        *out_ndim = 0;
+        *out_arr = NULL;
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /* If op is a Python scalar */
+    *out_dtype = _array_find_python_scalar_type(op);
+    if (*out_dtype != NULL) {
+        if (writeable) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError,
+                                "cannot write to scalar");
+            Py_DECREF(*out_dtype);
+            return -1;
+        }
+        *out_ndim = 0;
+        *out_arr = NULL;
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /* If op supports the PEP 3118 buffer interface */
+    if (!PyBytes_Check(op) && !PyUnicode_Check(op) &&
+             _array_from_buffer_3118(op, (PyObject **)out_arr) == 0) {
+        if (writeable
+            && PyArray_FailUnlessWriteable(*out_arr, "PEP 3118 buffer") < 0) {
+            Py_DECREF(*out_arr);
+            return -1;
+        }
+        return (*out_arr) == NULL ? -1 : 0;
+    }
+
+    /* If op supports the __array_struct__ or __array_interface__ interface */
+    tmp = PyArray_FromStructInterface(op);
+    if (tmp == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    if (tmp == Py_NotImplemented) {
+        tmp = PyArray_FromInterface(op);
+        if (tmp == NULL) {
+            return -1;
+        }
+    }
+    if (tmp != Py_NotImplemented) {
+        if (writeable
+            && PyArray_FailUnlessWriteable((PyArrayObject *)tmp,
+                                           "array interface object") < 0) {
+            Py_DECREF(tmp);
+            return -1;
+        }
+        *out_arr = (PyArrayObject *)tmp;
+        return (*out_arr) == NULL ? -1 : 0;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * If op supplies the __array__ function.
+     * The documentation says this should produce a copy, so
+     * we skip this method if writeable is true, because the intent
+     * of writeable is to modify the operand.
+     * XXX: If the implementation is wrong, and/or if actual
+     *      usage requires this behave differently,
+     *      this should be changed!
+     */
+    if (!writeable) {
+        tmp = PyArray_FromArrayAttr(op, requested_dtype, context);
+        if (tmp != Py_NotImplemented) {
+            if (writeable
+                && PyArray_FailUnlessWriteable((PyArrayObject *)tmp,
+                                               "array interface object") < 0) {
+                Py_DECREF(tmp);
+                return -1;
+            }
+            *out_arr = (PyArrayObject *)tmp;
+            return (*out_arr) == NULL ? -1 : 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Try to treat op as a list of lists */
+    if (!writeable && PySequence_Check(op)) {
+        int check_it, stop_at_string, stop_at_tuple, is_object;
+        int type_num, type;
+
+        /*
+         * Determine the type, using the requested data type if
+         * it will affect how the array is retrieved
+         */
+        if (requested_dtype != NULL && (
+                requested_dtype->type_num == NPY_STRING ||
+                requested_dtype->type_num == NPY_UNICODE ||
+                (requested_dtype->type_num == NPY_VOID &&
+                    (requested_dtype->names || requested_dtype->subarray)) ||
+                requested_dtype->type == NPY_CHARLTR ||
+                requested_dtype->type_num == NPY_OBJECT)) {
+            Py_INCREF(requested_dtype);
+            *out_dtype = requested_dtype;
+        }
+        else {
+            *out_dtype = NULL;
+            if (PyArray_DTypeFromObject(op, NPY_MAXDIMS, out_dtype) < 0) {
+                if (PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_MemoryError)) {
+                    return -1;
+                }
+                /* Return NPY_OBJECT for most exceptions */
+                else {
+                    PyErr_Clear();
+                    *out_dtype = PyArray_DescrFromType(NPY_OBJECT);
+                    if (*out_dtype == NULL) {
+                        return -1;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if (*out_dtype == NULL) {
+                *out_dtype = PyArray_DescrFromType(NPY_DEFAULT_TYPE);
+                if (*out_dtype == NULL) {
+                    return -1;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        type_num = (*out_dtype)->type_num;
+        type = (*out_dtype)->type;
+
+        check_it = (type != NPY_CHARLTR);
+        stop_at_string = (type_num != NPY_STRING) ||
+                         (type == NPY_STRINGLTR);
+        stop_at_tuple = (type_num == NPY_VOID &&
+                         ((*out_dtype)->names || (*out_dtype)->subarray));
+
+        *out_ndim = NPY_MAXDIMS;
+        is_object = 0;
+        if (discover_dimensions(op, out_ndim, out_dims, check_it,
+                                    stop_at_string, stop_at_tuple,
+                                    &is_object) < 0) {
+            Py_DECREF(*out_dtype);
+            if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
+                return -1;
+            }
+            *out_dtype = PyArray_DescrFromType(NPY_OBJECT);
+            if (*out_dtype == NULL) {
+                return -1;
+            }
+            *out_ndim = 0;
+            *out_arr = NULL;
+            return 0;
+        }
+        /* If object arrays are forced */
+        if (is_object) {
+            Py_DECREF(*out_dtype);
+            *out_dtype = PyArray_DescrFromType(NPY_OBJECT);
+            if (*out_dtype == NULL) {
+                return -1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if ((*out_dtype)->type == NPY_CHARLTR && (*out_ndim) > 0 &&
+                                        out_dims[(*out_ndim) - 1] == 1) {
+            (*out_ndim) -= 1;
+        }
+
+        /* If the type is flexible, determine its size */
+        if ((*out_dtype)->elsize == 0 &&
+                            PyTypeNum_ISEXTENDED((*out_dtype)->type_num)) {
+            int itemsize = 0;
+            int string_type = 0;
+            if ((*out_dtype)->type_num == NPY_STRING ||
+                    (*out_dtype)->type_num == NPY_UNICODE) {
+                string_type = (*out_dtype)->type_num;
+            }
+            if (discover_itemsize(op, *out_ndim, &itemsize, string_type) < 0) {
+                Py_DECREF(*out_dtype);
+                if (PyErr_Occurred() &&
+                        PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(PyErr_Occurred(),
+                                                PyExc_MemoryError)) {
+                    return -1;
+                }
+                /* Say it's an OBJECT scalar if there's an error */
+                PyErr_Clear();
+                *out_dtype = PyArray_DescrFromType(NPY_OBJECT);
+                *out_ndim = 0;
+                *out_arr = NULL;
+                return 0;
+            }
+            if ((*out_dtype)->type_num == NPY_UNICODE) {
+                itemsize *= 4;
+            }
+
+            if (itemsize != (*out_dtype)->elsize) {
+                PyArray_DESCR_REPLACE(*out_dtype);
+                (*out_dtype)->elsize = itemsize;
+            }
+        }
+
+        *out_arr = NULL;
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /* Anything can be viewed as an object, unless it needs to be writeable */
+    if (!writeable) {
+        *out_dtype = PyArray_DescrFromType(NPY_OBJECT);
+        if (*out_dtype == NULL) {
+            return -1;
+        }
+        *out_ndim = 0;
+        *out_arr = NULL;
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError,
+                    "object cannot be viewed as a writeable numpy array");
+    return -1;
+}
+
+/*NUMPY_API
+ * Does not check for NPY_ARRAY_ENSURECOPY and NPY_ARRAY_NOTSWAPPED in flags
+ * Steals a reference to newtype --- which can be NULL
+ */
+NPY_NO_EXPORT PyObject *
+PyArray_FromAny(PyObject *op, PyArray_Descr *newtype, int min_depth,
+                int max_depth, int flags, PyObject *context)
+{
+    /*
+     * This is the main code to make a NumPy array from a Python
+     * Object.  It is called from many different places.
+     */
+    PyArrayObject *arr = NULL, *ret;
+    PyArray_Descr *dtype = NULL;
+    int ndim = 0;
+    npy_intp dims[NPY_MAXDIMS];
+
+    /* Get either the array or its parameters if it isn't an array */
+    if (PyArray_GetArrayParamsFromObject(op, newtype,
+                        0, &dtype,
+                        &ndim, dims, &arr, context) < 0) {
+        Py_XDECREF(newtype);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    /* If the requested dtype is flexible, adapt it */
+    if (newtype != NULL) {
+        PyArray_AdaptFlexibleDType(op,
+                    (dtype == NULL) ? PyArray_DESCR(arr) : dtype,
+                    &newtype);
+    }
+
+    /* If we got dimensions and dtype instead of an array */
+    if (arr == NULL) {
+        if (flags & NPY_ARRAY_UPDATEIFCOPY) {
+            Py_XDECREF(newtype);
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                            "UPDATEIFCOPY used for non-array input.");
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        else if (min_depth != 0 && ndim < min_depth) {
+            Py_DECREF(dtype);
+            Py_XDECREF(newtype);
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                            "object of too small depth for desired array");
+            ret = NULL;
+        }
+        else if (max_depth != 0 && ndim > max_depth) {
+            Py_DECREF(dtype);
+            Py_XDECREF(newtype);
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                            "object too deep for desired array");
+            ret = NULL;
+        }
+        else if (ndim == 0 && PyArray_IsScalar(op, Generic)) {
+            ret = (PyArrayObject *)PyArray_FromScalar(op, newtype);
+            Py_DECREF(dtype);
+        }
+        else {
+            if (newtype == NULL) {
+                newtype = dtype;
+            }
+            else {
+                /*
+                 * TODO: would be nice to do this too, but it's
+                 *       a behavior change.  It's also a bit tricky
+                 *       for downcasting to small integer and float
+                 *       types, and might be better to modify
+                 *       PyArray_AssignFromSequence and descr->f->setitem
+                 *       to have a 'casting' parameter and
+                 *       to check each value with scalar rules like
+                 *       in PyArray_MinScalarType.
+                 */
+                /*
+                if (!(flags&NPY_ARRAY_FORCECAST) && ndim > 0 &&
+                        !PyArray_CanCastTo(dtype, newtype)) {
+                    Py_DECREF(dtype);
+                    Py_XDECREF(newtype);
+                    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                                "object cannot be safely cast to array "
+                                "of required type");
+                    return NULL;
+                }
+                */
+                Py_DECREF(dtype);
+            }
+
+            /* Create an array and copy the data */
+            ret = (PyArrayObject *)PyArray_NewFromDescr(&PyArray_Type, newtype,
+                                         ndim, dims,
+                                         NULL, NULL,
+                                         flags&NPY_ARRAY_F_CONTIGUOUS, NULL);
+            if (ret == NULL) {
+                return NULL;
+            }
+
+            if (ndim > 0) {
+                if (PyArray_AssignFromSequence(ret, op) < 0) {
+                    Py_DECREF(ret);
+                    ret = NULL;
+                }
+            }
+            else {
+                if (PyArray_DESCR(ret)->f->setitem(op,
+                                            PyArray_DATA(ret), ret) < 0) {
+                    Py_DECREF(ret);
+                    ret = NULL;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        if (min_depth != 0 && PyArray_NDIM(arr) < min_depth) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                            "object of too small depth for desired array");
+            Py_DECREF(arr);
+            ret = NULL;
+        }
+        else if (max_depth != 0 && PyArray_NDIM(arr) > max_depth) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                            "object too deep for desired array");
+            Py_DECREF(arr);
+            ret = NULL;
+        }
+        else {
+            ret = (PyArrayObject *)PyArray_FromArray(arr, newtype, flags);
+            Py_DECREF(arr);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return (PyObject *)ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * flags is any of
+ * NPY_ARRAY_C_CONTIGUOUS (formerly CONTIGUOUS),
+ * NPY_ARRAY_F_CONTIGUOUS (formerly FORTRAN),
+ * NPY_ARRAY_ALIGNED,
+ * NPY_ARRAY_WRITEABLE,
+ * NPY_ARRAY_NOTSWAPPED,
+ * NPY_ARRAY_ENSURECOPY,
+ * NPY_ARRAY_UPDATEIFCOPY,
+ * NPY_ARRAY_FORCECAST,
+ * NPY_ARRAY_ENSUREARRAY,
+ * NPY_ARRAY_ELEMENTSTRIDES
+ *
+ * or'd (|) together
+ *
+ * Any of these flags present means that the returned array should
+ * guarantee that aspect of the array.  Otherwise the returned array
+ * won't guarantee it -- it will depend on the object as to whether or
+ * not it has such features.
+ *
+ * Note that NPY_ARRAY_ENSURECOPY is enough
+ * to guarantee NPY_ARRAY_C_CONTIGUOUS, NPY_ARRAY_ALIGNED and
+ * NPY_ARRAY_WRITEABLE and therefore it is redundant to include
+ * those as well.
+ *
+ * NPY_ARRAY_BEHAVED == NPY_ARRAY_ALIGNED | NPY_ARRAY_WRITEABLE
+ * NPY_ARRAY_CARRAY = NPY_ARRAY_C_CONTIGUOUS | NPY_ARRAY_BEHAVED
+ * NPY_ARRAY_FARRAY = NPY_ARRAY_F_CONTIGUOUS | NPY_ARRAY_BEHAVED
+ *
+ * NPY_ARRAY_F_CONTIGUOUS can be set in the FLAGS to request a FORTRAN array.
+ * Fortran arrays are always behaved (aligned,
+ * notswapped, and writeable) and not (C) CONTIGUOUS (if > 1d).
+ *
+ * NPY_ARRAY_UPDATEIFCOPY flag sets this flag in the returned array if a copy
+ * is made and the base argument points to the (possibly) misbehaved array.
+ * When the new array is deallocated, the original array held in base
+ * is updated with the contents of the new array.
+ *
+ * NPY_ARRAY_FORCECAST will cause a cast to occur regardless of whether or not
+ * it is safe.
+ */
+
+/*NUMPY_API
+ * steals a reference to descr -- accepts NULL
+ */
+NPY_NO_EXPORT PyObject *
+PyArray_CheckFromAny(PyObject *op, PyArray_Descr *descr, int min_depth,
+                     int max_depth, int requires, PyObject *context)
+{
+    PyObject *obj;
+    if (requires & NPY_ARRAY_NOTSWAPPED) {
+        if (!descr && PyArray_Check(op) &&
+            !PyArray_ISNBO(PyArray_DESCR((PyArrayObject *)op)->byteorder)) {
+            descr = PyArray_DescrNew(PyArray_DESCR((PyArrayObject *)op));
+        }
+        else if (descr && !PyArray_ISNBO(descr->byteorder)) {
+            PyArray_DESCR_REPLACE(descr);
+        }
+        if (descr && descr->byteorder != NPY_IGNORE) {
+            descr->byteorder = NPY_NATIVE;
+        }
+    }
+
+    obj = PyArray_FromAny(op, descr, min_depth, max_depth, requires, context);
+    if (obj == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if ((requires & NPY_ARRAY_ELEMENTSTRIDES) &&
+        !PyArray_ElementStrides(obj)) {
+        PyObject *ret;
+        ret = PyArray_NewCopy((PyArrayObject *)obj, NPY_ANYORDER);
+        Py_DECREF(obj);
+        obj = ret;
+    }
+    return obj;
+}
+
+/*NUMPY_API
+ * steals reference to newtype --- acc. NULL
+ */
+NPY_NO_EXPORT PyObject *
+PyArray_FromArray(PyArrayObject *arr, PyArray_Descr *newtype, int flags)
+{
+
+    PyArrayObject *ret = NULL;
+    int itemsize;
+    int copy = 0;
+    int arrflags;
+    PyArray_Descr *oldtype;
+    NPY_CASTING casting = NPY_SAFE_CASTING;
+
+    oldtype = PyArray_DESCR(arr);
+    if (newtype == NULL) {
+        /*
+         * Check if object is of array with Null newtype.
+         * If so return it directly instead of checking for casting.
+         */
+        if (flags == 0) {
+            Py_INCREF(arr);
+            return (PyObject *)arr;
+        }
+        newtype = oldtype;
+        Py_INCREF(oldtype);
+    }
+    itemsize = newtype->elsize;
+    if (itemsize == 0) {
+        PyArray_DESCR_REPLACE(newtype);
+        if (newtype == NULL) {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        newtype->elsize = oldtype->elsize;
+        itemsize = newtype->elsize;
+    }
+
+    /* If the casting if forced, use the 'unsafe' casting rule */
+    if (flags & NPY_ARRAY_FORCECAST) {
+        casting = NPY_UNSAFE_CASTING;
+    }
+
+    /* Raise an error if the casting rule isn't followed */
+    if (!PyArray_CanCastArrayTo(arr, newtype, casting)) {
+        PyObject *errmsg;
+
+        errmsg = PyUString_FromString("Cannot cast array data from ");
+        PyUString_ConcatAndDel(&errmsg,
+                PyObject_Repr((PyObject *)PyArray_DESCR(arr)));
+        PyUString_ConcatAndDel(&errmsg,
+                PyUString_FromString(" to "));
+        PyUString_ConcatAndDel(&errmsg,
+                PyObject_Repr((PyObject *)newtype));
+        PyUString_ConcatAndDel(&errmsg,
+                PyUString_FromFormat(" according to the rule %s",
+                        npy_casting_to_string(casting)));
+        PyErr_SetObject(PyExc_TypeError, errmsg);
+        Py_DECREF(errmsg);
+
+        Py_DECREF(newtype);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    arrflags = PyArray_FLAGS(arr);
+           /* If a guaranteed copy was requested */
+    copy = (flags & NPY_ARRAY_ENSURECOPY) ||
+           /* If C contiguous was requested, and arr is not */
+           ((flags & NPY_ARRAY_C_CONTIGUOUS) &&
+                   (!(arrflags & NPY_ARRAY_C_CONTIGUOUS))) ||
+           /* If an aligned array was requested, and arr is not */
+           ((flags & NPY_ARRAY_ALIGNED) &&
+                   (!(arrflags & NPY_ARRAY_ALIGNED))) ||
+           /* If a Fortran contiguous array was requested, and arr is not */
+           ((flags & NPY_ARRAY_F_CONTIGUOUS) &&
+                   (!(arrflags & NPY_ARRAY_F_CONTIGUOUS))) ||
+           /* If a writeable array was requested, and arr is not */
+           ((flags & NPY_ARRAY_WRITEABLE) &&
+                   (!(arrflags & NPY_ARRAY_WRITEABLE))) ||
+           !PyArray_EquivTypes(oldtype, newtype);
+
+    if (copy) {
+        NPY_ORDER order = NPY_KEEPORDER;
+        int subok = 1;
+
+        /* Set the order for the copy being made based on the flags */
+        if (flags & NPY_ARRAY_F_CONTIGUOUS) {
+            order = NPY_FORTRANORDER;
+        }
+        else if (flags & NPY_ARRAY_C_CONTIGUOUS) {
+            order = NPY_CORDER;
+        }
+
+        if ((flags & NPY_ARRAY_ENSUREARRAY)) {
+            subok = 0;
+        }
+        ret = (PyArrayObject *)PyArray_NewLikeArray(arr, order,
+                                                    newtype, subok);
+        if (ret == NULL) {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+
+        if (PyArray_CopyInto(ret, arr) < 0) {
+            Py_DECREF(ret);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+
+        if (flags & NPY_ARRAY_UPDATEIFCOPY)  {
+            Py_INCREF(arr);
+            if (PyArray_SetUpdateIfCopyBase(ret, arr) < 0) {
+                Py_DECREF(ret);
+                return NULL;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    /*
+     * If no copy then take an appropriate view if necessary, or
+     * just return a reference to ret itself.
+     */
+    else {
+        int needview = ((flags & NPY_ARRAY_ENSUREARRAY) &&
+                        !PyArray_CheckExact(arr));
+
+        Py_DECREF(newtype);
+        if (needview) {
+            PyArray_Descr *dtype = PyArray_DESCR(arr);
+            PyTypeObject *subtype = NULL;
+
+            if (flags & NPY_ARRAY_ENSUREARRAY) {
+                subtype = &PyArray_Type;
+            }
+
+            Py_INCREF(dtype);
+            ret = (PyArrayObject *)PyArray_View(arr, NULL, subtype);
+            if (ret == NULL) {
+                return NULL;
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            Py_INCREF(arr);
+            ret = arr;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return (PyObject *)ret;
+}
+
+/*NUMPY_API */
+NPY_NO_EXPORT PyObject *
+PyArray_FromStructInterface(PyObject *input)
+{
+    PyArray_Descr *thetype = NULL;
+    char buf[40];
+    PyArrayInterface *inter;
+    PyObject *attr;
+    PyArrayObject *ret;
+    char endian = NPY_NATBYTE;
+
+    attr = PyArray_GetAttrString_SuppressException(input, "__array_struct__");
+    if (attr == NULL) {
+        return Py_NotImplemented;
+    }
+    if (!NpyCapsule_Check(attr)) {
+        goto fail;
+    }
+    inter = NpyCapsule_AsVoidPtr(attr);
+    if (inter->two != 2) {
+        goto fail;
+    }
+    if ((inter->flags & NPY_ARRAY_NOTSWAPPED) != NPY_ARRAY_NOTSWAPPED) {
+        endian = NPY_OPPBYTE;
+        inter->flags &= ~NPY_ARRAY_NOTSWAPPED;
+    }
+
+    if (inter->flags & NPY_ARR_HAS_DESCR) {
+        if (PyArray_DescrConverter(inter->descr, &thetype) == NPY_FAIL) {
+            thetype = NULL;
+            PyErr_Clear();
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (thetype == NULL) {
+        PyOS_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
+                "%c%c%d", endian, inter->typekind, inter->itemsize);
+        if (!(thetype=_array_typedescr_fromstr(buf))) {
+            Py_DECREF(attr);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+    }
+
+    ret = (PyArrayObject *)PyArray_NewFromDescr(&PyArray_Type, thetype,
+                             inter->nd, inter->shape,
+                             inter->strides, inter->data,
+                             inter->flags, NULL);
+    Py_INCREF(input);
+    if (PyArray_SetBaseObject(ret, input) < 0) {
+        Py_DECREF(ret);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    Py_DECREF(attr);
+    PyArray_UpdateFlags(ret, NPY_ARRAY_UPDATE_ALL);
+    return (PyObject *)ret;
+
+ fail:
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "invalid __array_struct__");
+    Py_DECREF(attr);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Checks if the object in descr is the default 'descr' member for the
+ * __array_interface__ dictionary with 'typestr' member typestr.
+ */
+NPY_NO_EXPORT int
+_is_default_descr(PyObject *descr, PyObject *typestr) {
+    PyObject *tuple, *name, *typestr2;
+#if defined(NPY_PY3K)
+    PyObject *tmp = NULL;
+#endif
+    int ret = 0;
+
+    if (!PyList_Check(descr) || PyList_GET_SIZE(descr) != 1) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    tuple = PyList_GET_ITEM(descr, 0);
+    if (!(PyTuple_Check(tuple) && PyTuple_GET_SIZE(tuple) == 2)) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    name = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(tuple, 0);
+    if (!(PyUString_Check(name) && PyUString_GET_SIZE(name) == 0)) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    typestr2 = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(tuple, 1);
+#if defined(NPY_PY3K)
+    /* Allow unicode type strings */
+    if (PyUnicode_Check(typestr2)) {
+        tmp = PyUnicode_AsASCIIString(typestr2);
+        if (tmp == NULL) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        typestr2 = tmp;
+    }
+#endif
+    if (PyBytes_Check(typestr2) &&
+            PyObject_RichCompareBool(typestr, typestr2, Py_EQ)) {
+        ret = 1;
+    }
+#if defined(NPY_PY3K)
+    Py_XDECREF(tmp);
+#endif
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+#define PyIntOrLong_Check(obj) (PyInt_Check(obj) || PyLong_Check(obj))
+
+/*NUMPY_API*/
+NPY_NO_EXPORT PyObject *
+PyArray_FromInterface(PyObject *origin)
+{
+    PyObject *tmp = NULL;
+    PyObject *iface = NULL;
+    PyObject *attr = NULL;
+    PyObject *base = NULL;
+    PyArrayObject *ret;
+    PyArray_Descr *dtype = NULL;
+    char *data = NULL;
+    Py_ssize_t buffer_len;
+    int res, i, n;
+    npy_intp dims[NPY_MAXDIMS], strides[NPY_MAXDIMS];
+    int dataflags = NPY_ARRAY_BEHAVED;
+
+    iface = PyArray_GetAttrString_SuppressException(origin,
+                                                    "__array_interface__");
+    if (iface == NULL) {
+        return Py_NotImplemented;
+    }
+    if (!PyDict_Check(iface)) {
+        Py_DECREF(iface);
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                "Invalid __array_interface__ value, must be a dict");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    /* Get type string from interface specification */
+    attr = PyDict_GetItemString(iface, "typestr");
+    if (attr == NULL) {
+        Py_DECREF(iface);
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                "Missing __array_interface__ typestr");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+#if defined(NPY_PY3K)
+    /* Allow unicode type strings */
+    if (PyUnicode_Check(attr)) {
+        tmp = PyUnicode_AsASCIIString(attr);
+        attr = tmp;
+    }
+#endif
+    if (!PyBytes_Check(attr)) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                    "__array_interface__ typestr must be a string");
+        goto fail;
+    }
+    /* Get dtype from type string */
+    dtype = _array_typedescr_fromstr(PyString_AS_STRING(attr));
+#if defined(NPY_PY3K)
+    if (tmp == attr) {
+        Py_DECREF(tmp);
+    }
+#endif
+    if (dtype == NULL) {
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * If the dtype is NPY_VOID, see if there is extra information in
+     * the 'descr' attribute.
+     */
+    if (dtype->type_num == NPY_VOID) {
+        PyObject *descr = PyDict_GetItemString(iface, "descr");
+        PyArray_Descr *new_dtype = NULL;
+
+        if (descr != NULL && !_is_default_descr(descr, attr) &&
+                PyArray_DescrConverter2(descr, &new_dtype) == NPY_SUCCEED &&
+                new_dtype != NULL) {
+            Py_DECREF(dtype);
+            dtype = new_dtype;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Get shape tuple from interface specification */
+    attr = PyDict_GetItemString(iface, "shape");
+    if (attr == NULL) {
+        /* Shape must be specified when 'data' is specified */
+        if (PyDict_GetItemString(iface, "data") != NULL) {
+            Py_DECREF(iface);
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                    "Missing __array_interface__ shape");
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        /* Assume shape as scalar otherwise */
+        else {
+            /* NOTE: pointers to data and base should be NULL */
+            n = dims[0] = 0;
+        }
+    }
+    /* Make sure 'shape' is a tuple */
+    else if (!PyTuple_Check(attr)) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                "shape must be a tuple");
+        goto fail;
+    }
+    /* Get dimensions from shape tuple */
+    else {
+        n = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(attr);
+        for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+            tmp = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(attr, i);
+            dims[i] = PyArray_PyIntAsIntp(tmp);
+            if (error_converting(dims[i])) {
+                goto fail;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Get data buffer from interface specification */
+    attr = PyDict_GetItemString(iface, "data");
+
+    /* Case for data access through pointer */
+    if (attr && PyTuple_Check(attr)) {
+        PyObject *dataptr;
+        if (PyTuple_GET_SIZE(attr) != 2) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                    "__array_interface__ data must be a 2-tuple with "
+                    "(data pointer integer, read-only flag)");
+            goto fail;
+        }
+        dataptr = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(attr, 0);
+        if (PyString_Check(dataptr)) {
+            res = sscanf(PyString_AsString(dataptr),
+                         "%p", (void **)&data);
+            if (res < 1) {
+                PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "__array_interface__ data string cannot be converted");
+                goto fail;
+            }
+        }
+        else if (PyIntOrLong_Check(dataptr)) {
+            data = PyLong_AsVoidPtr(dataptr);
+        }
+        else {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                    "first element of __array_interface__ data tuple "
+                    "must be integer or string.");
+            goto fail;
+        }
+        if (PyObject_IsTrue(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(attr,1))) {
+            dataflags &= ~NPY_ARRAY_WRITEABLE;
+        }
+        base = origin;
+    }
+
+    /* Case for data access through buffer */
+    else if (attr) {
+        if (n == 0) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                    "__array_interface__ shape must be at least size 1");
+            goto fail;
+        }
+        if (attr && (attr != Py_None)) {
+            base = attr;
+        }
+        else {
+            base = origin;
+        }
+        res = PyObject_AsWriteBuffer(base, (void **)&data, &buffer_len);
+        if (res < 0) {
+            PyErr_Clear();
+            res = PyObject_AsReadBuffer(
+                        base, (const void **)&data, &buffer_len);
+            if (res < 0) {
+                goto fail;
+            }
+            dataflags &= ~NPY_ARRAY_WRITEABLE;
+        }
+        /* Get offset number from interface specification */
+        attr = PyDict_GetItemString(origin, "offset");
+        if (attr) {
+            npy_longlong num = PyLong_AsLongLong(attr);
+            if (error_converting(num)) {
+                PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "__array_interface__ offset must be an integer");
+                goto fail;
+            }
+            data += num;
+        }
+    }
+
+    ret = (PyArrayObject *)PyArray_NewFromDescr(&PyArray_Type, dtype,
+                                                n, dims,
+                                                NULL, data,
+                                                dataflags, NULL);
+    if (ret == NULL) {
+        goto fail;
+    }
+    if (data == NULL) {
+        if (PyArray_SIZE(ret) > 1) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                    "cannot coerce scalar to array with size > 1");
+            Py_DECREF(ret);
+            goto fail;
+        }
+        if (PyArray_SETITEM(ret, PyArray_DATA(ret), origin) < 0) {
+            Py_DECREF(ret);
+            goto fail;
+        }
+    }
+    if (base) {
+        Py_INCREF(base);
+        if (PyArray_SetBaseObject(ret, base) < 0) {
+            Py_DECREF(ret);
+            goto fail;
+        }
+    }
+    attr = PyDict_GetItemString(iface, "strides");
+    if (attr != NULL && attr != Py_None) {
+        if (!PyTuple_Check(attr)) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                    "strides must be a tuple");
+            Py_DECREF(ret);
+            goto fail;
+        }
+        if (n != PyTuple_GET_SIZE(attr)) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                    "mismatch in length of strides and shape");
+            Py_DECREF(ret);
+            goto fail;
+        }
+        for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+            tmp = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(attr, i);
+            strides[i] = PyArray_PyIntAsIntp(tmp);
+            if (error_converting(strides[i])) {
+                Py_DECREF(ret);
+                goto fail;
+            }
+        }
+        memcpy(PyArray_STRIDES(ret), strides, n*sizeof(npy_intp));
+    }
+    PyArray_UpdateFlags(ret, NPY_ARRAY_UPDATE_ALL);
+    Py_DECREF(iface);
+    return (PyObject *)ret;
+
+ fail:
+    Py_XDECREF(dtype);
+    Py_XDECREF(iface);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+/*NUMPY_API*/
+NPY_NO_EXPORT PyObject *
+PyArray_FromArrayAttr(PyObject *op, PyArray_Descr *typecode, PyObject *context)
+{
+    PyObject *new;
+    PyObject *array_meth;
+
+    array_meth = PyArray_GetAttrString_SuppressException(op, "__array__");
+    if (array_meth == NULL) {
+        return Py_NotImplemented;
+    }
+    if (context == NULL) {
+        if (typecode == NULL) {
+            new = PyObject_CallFunction(array_meth, NULL);
+        }
+        else {
+            new = PyObject_CallFunction(array_meth, "O", typecode);
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        if (typecode == NULL) {
+            new = PyObject_CallFunction(array_meth, "OO", Py_None, context);
+            if (new == NULL && PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_TypeError)) {
+                PyErr_Clear();
+                new = PyObject_CallFunction(array_meth, "");
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            new = PyObject_CallFunction(array_meth, "OO", typecode, context);
+            if (new == NULL && PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_TypeError)) {
+                PyErr_Clear();
+                new = PyObject_CallFunction(array_meth, "O", typecode);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    Py_DECREF(array_meth);
+    if (new == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (!PyArray_Check(new)) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                        "object __array__ method not "  \
+                        "producing an array");
+        Py_DECREF(new);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return new;
+}
+
+/*NUMPY_API
+* new reference -- accepts NULL for mintype
+*/
+NPY_NO_EXPORT PyArray_Descr *
+PyArray_DescrFromObject(PyObject *op, PyArray_Descr *mintype)
+{
+    PyArray_Descr *dtype;
+
+    dtype = mintype;
+    Py_XINCREF(dtype);
+
+    if (PyArray_DTypeFromObject(op, NPY_MAXDIMS, &dtype) < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    if (dtype == NULL) {
+        return PyArray_DescrFromType(NPY_DEFAULT_TYPE);
+    }
+    else {
+        return dtype;
+    }
+}
+
+/* These are also old calls (should use PyArray_NewFromDescr) */
+
+/* They all zero-out the memory as previously done */
+
+/* steals reference to descr -- and enforces native byteorder on it.*/
+/*NUMPY_API
+  Like FromDimsAndData but uses the Descr structure instead of typecode
+  as input.
+*/
+NPY_NO_EXPORT PyObject *
+PyArray_FromDimsAndDataAndDescr(int nd, int *d,
+                                PyArray_Descr *descr,
+                                char *data)
+{
+    PyObject *ret;
+    int i;
+    npy_intp newd[NPY_MAXDIMS];
+    char msg[] = "PyArray_FromDimsAndDataAndDescr: use PyArray_NewFromDescr.";
+
+    if (DEPRECATE(msg) < 0) {
+        /* 2009-04-30, 1.5 */
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (!PyArray_ISNBO(descr->byteorder))
+        descr->byteorder = '=';
+    for (i = 0; i < nd; i++) {
+        newd[i] = (npy_intp) d[i];
+    }
+    ret = PyArray_NewFromDescr(&PyArray_Type, descr,
+                               nd, newd,
+                               NULL, data,
+                               (data ? NPY_ARRAY_CARRAY : 0), NULL);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+/*NUMPY_API
+  Construct an empty array from dimensions and typenum
+*/
+NPY_NO_EXPORT PyObject *
+PyArray_FromDims(int nd, int *d, int type)
+{
+    PyArrayObject *ret;
+    char msg[] = "PyArray_FromDims: use PyArray_SimpleNew.";
+
+    if (DEPRECATE(msg) < 0) {
+        /* 2009-04-30, 1.5 */
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    ret = (PyArrayObject *)PyArray_FromDimsAndDataAndDescr(nd, d,
+                                          PyArray_DescrFromType(type),
+                                          NULL);
+    /*
+     * Old FromDims set memory to zero --- some algorithms
+     * relied on that.  Better keep it the same. If
+     * Object type, then it's already been set to zero, though.
+     */
+    if (ret && (PyArray_DESCR(ret)->type_num != NPY_OBJECT)) {
+        memset(PyArray_DATA(ret), 0, PyArray_NBYTES(ret));
+    }
+    return (PyObject *)ret;
+}
+
+/* end old calls */
+
+/*NUMPY_API
+ * This is a quick wrapper around PyArray_FromAny(op, NULL, 0, 0, ENSUREARRAY)
+ * that special cases Arrays and PyArray_Scalars up front
+ * It *steals a reference* to the object
+ * It also guarantees that the result is PyArray_Type
+ * Because it decrefs op if any conversion needs to take place
+ * so it can be used like PyArray_EnsureArray(some_function(...))
+ */
+NPY_NO_EXPORT PyObject *
+PyArray_EnsureArray(PyObject *op)
+{
+    PyObject *new;
+
+    if ((op == NULL) || (PyArray_CheckExact(op))) {
+        new = op;
+        Py_XINCREF(new);
+    }
+    else if (PyArray_Check(op)) {
+        new = PyArray_View((PyArrayObject *)op, NULL, &PyArray_Type);
+    }
+    else if (PyArray_IsScalar(op, Generic)) {
+        new = PyArray_FromScalar(op, NULL);
+    }
+    else {
+        new = PyArray_FromAny(op, NULL, 0, 0, NPY_ARRAY_ENSUREARRAY, NULL);
+    }
+    Py_XDECREF(op);
+    return new;
+}
+
+/*NUMPY_API*/
+NPY_NO_EXPORT PyObject *
+PyArray_EnsureAnyArray(PyObject *op)
+{
+    if (op && PyArray_Check(op)) {
+        return op;
+    }
+    return PyArray_EnsureArray(op);
+}
+
+/* TODO: Put the order parameter in PyArray_CopyAnyInto and remove this */
+NPY_NO_EXPORT int
+PyArray_CopyAsFlat(PyArrayObject *dst, PyArrayObject *src, NPY_ORDER order)
+{
+    PyArray_StridedUnaryOp *stransfer = NULL;
+    NpyAuxData *transferdata = NULL;
+    NpyIter *dst_iter, *src_iter;
+
+    NpyIter_IterNextFunc *dst_iternext, *src_iternext;
+    char **dst_dataptr, **src_dataptr;
+    npy_intp dst_stride, src_stride;
+    npy_intp *dst_countptr, *src_countptr;
+    npy_uint32 baseflags;
+
+    char *dst_data, *src_data;
+    npy_intp dst_count, src_count, count;
+    npy_intp src_itemsize;
+    npy_intp dst_size, src_size;
+    int needs_api;
+
+    NPY_BEGIN_THREADS_DEF;
+
+    if (PyArray_FailUnlessWriteable(dst, "destination array") < 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * If the shapes match and a particular order is forced
+     * for both, use the more efficient CopyInto
+     */
+    if (order != NPY_ANYORDER && order != NPY_KEEPORDER &&
+            PyArray_NDIM(dst) == PyArray_NDIM(src) &&
+            PyArray_CompareLists(PyArray_DIMS(dst), PyArray_DIMS(src),
+                                PyArray_NDIM(dst))) {
+        return PyArray_CopyInto(dst, src);
+    }
+
+    dst_size = PyArray_SIZE(dst);
+    src_size = PyArray_SIZE(src);
+    if (dst_size != src_size) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
+                "cannot copy from array of size %d into an array "
+                "of size %d", (int)src_size, (int)dst_size);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    /* Zero-sized arrays require nothing be done */
+    if (dst_size == 0) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    baseflags = NPY_ITER_EXTERNAL_LOOP |
+                NPY_ITER_DONT_NEGATE_STRIDES |
+                NPY_ITER_REFS_OK;
+
+    /*
+     * This copy is based on matching C-order traversals of src and dst.
+     * By using two iterators, we can find maximal sub-chunks that
+     * can be processed at once.
+     */
+    dst_iter = NpyIter_New(dst, NPY_ITER_WRITEONLY | baseflags,
+                                order,
+                                NPY_NO_CASTING,
+                                NULL);
+    if (dst_iter == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    src_iter = NpyIter_New(src, NPY_ITER_READONLY | baseflags,
+                                order,
+                                NPY_NO_CASTING,
+                                NULL);
+    if (src_iter == NULL) {
+        NpyIter_Deallocate(dst_iter);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    /* Get all the values needed for the inner loop */
+    dst_iternext = NpyIter_GetIterNext(dst_iter, NULL);
+    dst_dataptr = NpyIter_GetDataPtrArray(dst_iter);
+    /* Since buffering is disabled, we can cache the stride */
+    dst_stride = NpyIter_GetInnerStrideArray(dst_iter)[0];
+    dst_countptr = NpyIter_GetInnerLoopSizePtr(dst_iter);
+
+    src_iternext = NpyIter_GetIterNext(src_iter, NULL);
+    src_dataptr = NpyIter_GetDataPtrArray(src_iter);
+    /* Since buffering is disabled, we can cache the stride */
+    src_stride = NpyIter_GetInnerStrideArray(src_iter)[0];
+    src_countptr = NpyIter_GetInnerLoopSizePtr(src_iter);
+    src_itemsize = PyArray_DESCR(src)->elsize;
+
+    if (dst_iternext == NULL || src_iternext == NULL) {
+        NpyIter_Deallocate(dst_iter);
+        NpyIter_Deallocate(src_iter);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    needs_api = NpyIter_IterationNeedsAPI(dst_iter) ||
+                NpyIter_IterationNeedsAPI(src_iter);
+
+    /*
+     * Because buffering is disabled in the iterator, the inner loop
+     * strides will be the same throughout the iteration loop.  Thus,
+     * we can pass them to this function to take advantage of
+     * contiguous strides, etc.
+     */
+    if (PyArray_GetDTypeTransferFunction(
+                    PyArray_ISALIGNED(src) && PyArray_ISALIGNED(dst),
+                    src_stride, dst_stride,
+                    PyArray_DESCR(src), PyArray_DESCR(dst),
+                    0,
+                    &stransfer, &transferdata,
+                    &needs_api) != NPY_SUCCEED) {
+        NpyIter_Deallocate(dst_iter);
+        NpyIter_Deallocate(src_iter);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    if (!needs_api) {
+        NPY_BEGIN_THREADS;
+    }
+
+    dst_count = *dst_countptr;
+    src_count = *src_countptr;
+    dst_data = dst_dataptr[0];
+    src_data = src_dataptr[0];
+    for(;;) {
+        /* Transfer the biggest amount that fits both */
+        count = (src_count < dst_count) ? src_count : dst_count;
+        stransfer(dst_data, dst_stride,
+                    src_data, src_stride,
+                    count, src_itemsize, transferdata);
+
+        /* If we exhausted the dst block, refresh it */
+        if (dst_count == count) {
+            if (!dst_iternext(dst_iter)) {
+                break;
+            }
+            dst_count = *dst_countptr;
+            dst_data = dst_dataptr[0];
+        }
+        else {
+            dst_count -= count;
+            dst_data += count*dst_stride;
+        }
+
+        /* If we exhausted the src block, refresh it */
+        if (src_count == count) {
+            if (!src_iternext(src_iter)) {
+                break;
+            }
+            src_count = *src_countptr;
+            src_data = src_dataptr[0];
+        }
+        else {
+            src_count -= count;
+            src_data += count*src_stride;
+        }
+    }
+
+    NPY_END_THREADS;
+
+    NPY_AUXDATA_FREE(transferdata);
+    NpyIter_Deallocate(dst_iter);
+    NpyIter_Deallocate(src_iter);
+
+    return PyErr_Occurred() ? -1 : 0;
+}
+
+/*NUMPY_API
+ * Copy an Array into another array -- memory must not overlap
+ * Does not require src and dest to have "broadcastable" shapes
+ * (only the same number of elements).
+ *
+ * TODO: For NumPy 2.0, this could accept an order parameter which
+ *       only allows NPY_CORDER and NPY_FORDER.  Could also rename
+ *       this to CopyAsFlat to make the name more intuitive.
+ *
+ * Returns 0 on success, -1 on error.
+ */
+NPY_NO_EXPORT int
+PyArray_CopyAnyInto(PyArrayObject *dst, PyArrayObject *src)
+{
+    return PyArray_CopyAsFlat(dst, src, NPY_CORDER);
+}
+
+/*NUMPY_API
+ * Copy an Array into another array.
+ * Broadcast to the destination shape if necessary.
+ *
+ * Returns 0 on success, -1 on failure.
+ */
+NPY_NO_EXPORT int
+PyArray_CopyInto(PyArrayObject *dst, PyArrayObject *src)
+{
+    return PyArray_AssignArray(dst, src, NULL, NPY_UNSAFE_CASTING);
+}
+
+/*NUMPY_API
+ * Move the memory of one array into another, allowing for overlapping data.
+ *
+ * Returns 0 on success, negative on failure.
+ */
+NPY_NO_EXPORT int
+PyArray_MoveInto(PyArrayObject *dst, PyArrayObject *src)
+{
+    return PyArray_AssignArray(dst, src, NULL, NPY_UNSAFE_CASTING);
+}
+
+/*NUMPY_API
+ * PyArray_CheckAxis
+ *
+ * check that axis is valid
+ * convert 0-d arrays to 1-d arrays
+ */
+NPY_NO_EXPORT PyObject *
+PyArray_CheckAxis(PyArrayObject *arr, int *axis, int flags)
+{
+    PyObject *temp1, *temp2;
+    int n = PyArray_NDIM(arr);
+    int axis_orig = *axis;
+
+    if (*axis == NPY_MAXDIMS || n == 0) {
+        if (n != 1) {
+            temp1 = PyArray_Ravel(arr,0);
+            if (temp1 == NULL) {
+                *axis = 0;
+                return NULL;
+            }
+            if (*axis == NPY_MAXDIMS) {
+                *axis = PyArray_NDIM((PyArrayObject *)temp1)-1;
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            temp1 = (PyObject *)arr;
+            Py_INCREF(temp1);
+            *axis = 0;
+        }
+        if (!flags && *axis == 0) {
+            return temp1;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        temp1 = (PyObject *)arr;
+        Py_INCREF(temp1);
+    }
+    if (flags) {
+        temp2 = PyArray_CheckFromAny((PyObject *)temp1, NULL,
+                                     0, 0, flags, NULL);
+        Py_DECREF(temp1);
+        if (temp2 == NULL) {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        temp2 = (PyObject *)temp1;
+    }
+    n = PyArray_NDIM((PyArrayObject *)temp2);
+    if (*axis < 0) {
+        *axis += n;
+    }
+    if ((*axis < 0) || (*axis >= n)) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
+                     "axis(=%d) out of bounds", axis_orig);
+        Py_DECREF(temp2);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return temp2;
+}
+
+/*NUMPY_API
+ * Zeros
+ *
+ * steal a reference
+ * accepts NULL type
+ */
+NPY_NO_EXPORT PyObject *
+PyArray_Zeros(int nd, npy_intp *dims, PyArray_Descr *type, int is_f_order)
+{
+    PyArrayObject *ret;
+
+    if (!type) {
+        type = PyArray_DescrFromType(NPY_DEFAULT_TYPE);
+    }
+
+    ret = (PyArrayObject *)PyArray_NewFromDescr_int(&PyArray_Type,
+                                                    type,
+                                                    nd, dims,
+                                                    NULL, NULL,
+                                                    is_f_order, NULL, 1);
+
+    if (ret == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    /* handle objects */
+    if (PyDataType_REFCHK(PyArray_DESCR(ret))) {
+        if (_zerofill(ret) < 0) {
+            Py_DECREF(ret);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    return (PyObject *)ret;
+
+}
+
+/*NUMPY_API
+ * Empty
+ *
+ * accepts NULL type
+ * steals referenct to type
+ */
+NPY_NO_EXPORT PyObject *
+PyArray_Empty(int nd, npy_intp *dims, PyArray_Descr *type, int is_f_order)
+{
+    PyArrayObject *ret;
+
+    if (!type) type = PyArray_DescrFromType(NPY_DEFAULT_TYPE);
+    ret = (PyArrayObject *)PyArray_NewFromDescr(&PyArray_Type,
+                                                type, nd, dims,
+                                                NULL, NULL,
+                                                is_f_order, NULL);
+    if (ret == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (PyDataType_REFCHK(type)) {
+        PyArray_FillObjectArray(ret, Py_None);
+        if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
+            Py_DECREF(ret);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+    }
+    return (PyObject *)ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Like ceil(value), but check for overflow.
+ *
+ * Return 0 on success, -1 on failure. In case of failure, set a PyExc_Overflow
+ * exception
+ */
+static int _safe_ceil_to_intp(double value, npy_intp* ret)
+{
+    double ivalue;
+
+    ivalue = npy_ceil(value);
+    if (ivalue < NPY_MIN_INTP || ivalue > NPY_MAX_INTP) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    *ret = (npy_intp)ivalue;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+/*NUMPY_API
+  Arange,
+*/
+NPY_NO_EXPORT PyObject *
+PyArray_Arange(double start, double stop, double step, int type_num)
+{
+    npy_intp length;
+    PyArrayObject *range;
+    PyArray_ArrFuncs *funcs;
+    PyObject *obj;
+    int ret;
+    NPY_BEGIN_THREADS_DEF;
+
+    if (_safe_ceil_to_intp((stop - start)/step, &length)) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
+                "arange: overflow while computing length");
+    }
+
+    if (length <= 0) {
+        length = 0;
+        return PyArray_New(&PyArray_Type, 1, &length, type_num,
+                           NULL, NULL, 0, 0, NULL);
+    }
+    range = (PyArrayObject *)PyArray_New(&PyArray_Type, 1, &length, type_num,
+                        NULL, NULL, 0, 0, NULL);
+    if (range == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    funcs = PyArray_DESCR(range)->f;
+
+    /*
+     * place start in the buffer and the next value in the second position
+     * if length > 2, then call the inner loop, otherwise stop
+     */
+    obj = PyFloat_FromDouble(start);
+    ret = funcs->setitem(obj, PyArray_DATA(range), range);
+    Py_DECREF(obj);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        goto fail;
+    }
+    if (length == 1) {
+        return (PyObject *)range;
+    }
+    obj = PyFloat_FromDouble(start + step);
+    ret = funcs->setitem(obj, PyArray_BYTES(range)+PyArray_ITEMSIZE(range),
+                         range);
+    Py_DECREF(obj);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        goto fail;
+    }
+    if (length == 2) {
+        return (PyObject *)range;
+    }
+    if (!funcs->fill) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                "no fill-function for data-type.");
+        Py_DECREF(range);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    NPY_BEGIN_THREADS_DESCR(PyArray_DESCR(range));
+    funcs->fill(PyArray_DATA(range), length, range);
+    NPY_END_THREADS;
+    if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto fail;
+    }
+    return (PyObject *)range;
+
+ fail:
+    Py_DECREF(range);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * the formula is len = (intp) ceil((start - stop) / step);
+ */
+static npy_intp
+_calc_length(PyObject *start, PyObject *stop, PyObject *step, PyObject **next, int cmplx)
+{
+    npy_intp len, tmp;
+    PyObject *val;
+    double value;
+
+    *next = PyNumber_Subtract(stop, start);
+    if (!(*next)) {
+        if (PyTuple_Check(stop)) {
+            PyErr_Clear();
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                            "arange: scalar arguments expected "\
+                            "instead of a tuple.");
+        }
+        return -1;
+    }
+    val = PyNumber_TrueDivide(*next, step);
+    Py_DECREF(*next);
+    *next = NULL;
+    if (!val) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    if (cmplx && PyComplex_Check(val)) {
+        value = PyComplex_RealAsDouble(val);
+        if (error_converting(value)) {
+            Py_DECREF(val);
+            return -1;
+        }
+        if (_safe_ceil_to_intp(value, &len)) {
+            Py_DECREF(val);
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
+                    "arange: overflow while computing length");
+            return -1;
+        }
+        value = PyComplex_ImagAsDouble(val);
+        Py_DECREF(val);
+        if (error_converting(value)) {
+            return -1;
+        }
+        if (_safe_ceil_to_intp(value, &tmp)) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
+                    "arange: overflow while computing length");
+            return -1;
+        }
+        len = PyArray_MIN(len, tmp);
+    }
+    else {
+        value = PyFloat_AsDouble(val);
+        Py_DECREF(val);
+        if (error_converting(value)) {
+            return -1;
+        }
+        if (_safe_ceil_to_intp(value, &len)) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
+                    "arange: overflow while computing length");
+            return -1;
+        }
+    }
+    if (len > 0) {
+        *next = PyNumber_Add(start, step);
+        if (!*next) {
+            return -1;
+        }
+    }
+    return len;
+}
+
+/*NUMPY_API
+ *
+ * ArangeObj,
+ *
+ * this doesn't change the references
+ */
+NPY_NO_EXPORT PyObject *
+PyArray_ArangeObj(PyObject *start, PyObject *stop, PyObject *step, PyArray_Descr *dtype)
+{
+    PyArrayObject *range;
+    PyArray_ArrFuncs *funcs;
+    PyObject *next, *err;
+    npy_intp length;
+    PyArray_Descr *native = NULL;
+    int swap;
+    NPY_BEGIN_THREADS_DEF;
+
+    /* Datetime arange is handled specially */
+    if ((dtype != NULL && (dtype->type_num == NPY_DATETIME ||
+                           dtype->type_num == NPY_TIMEDELTA)) ||
+            (dtype == NULL && (is_any_numpy_datetime_or_timedelta(start) ||
+                              is_any_numpy_datetime_or_timedelta(stop) ||
+                              is_any_numpy_datetime_or_timedelta(step)))) {
+        return (PyObject *)datetime_arange(start, stop, step, dtype);
+    }
+
+    if (!dtype) {
+        PyArray_Descr *deftype;
+        PyArray_Descr *newtype;
+
+        /* intentionally made to be at least NPY_LONG */
+        deftype = PyArray_DescrFromType(NPY_LONG);
+        newtype = PyArray_DescrFromObject(start, deftype);
+        Py_DECREF(deftype);
+        if (newtype == NULL) {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        deftype = newtype;
+        if (stop && stop != Py_None) {
+            newtype = PyArray_DescrFromObject(stop, deftype);
+            Py_DECREF(deftype);
+            if (newtype == NULL) {
+                return NULL;
+            }
+            deftype = newtype;
+        }
+        if (step && step != Py_None) {
+            newtype = PyArray_DescrFromObject(step, deftype);
+            Py_DECREF(deftype);
+            if (newtype == NULL) {
+                return NULL;
+            }
+            deftype = newtype;
+        }
+        dtype = deftype;
+    }
+    else {
+        Py_INCREF(dtype);
+    }
+    if (!step || step == Py_None) {
+        step = PyInt_FromLong(1);
+    }
+    else {
+        Py_XINCREF(step);
+    }
+    if (!stop || stop == Py_None) {
+        stop = start;
+        start = PyInt_FromLong(0);
+    }
+    else {
+        Py_INCREF(start);
+    }
+    /* calculate the length and next = start + step*/
+    length = _calc_length(start, stop, step, &next,
+                          PyTypeNum_ISCOMPLEX(dtype->type_num));
+    err = PyErr_Occurred();
+    if (err) {
+        Py_DECREF(dtype);
+        if (err && PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(err, PyExc_OverflowError)) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "Maximum allowed size exceeded");
+        }
+        goto fail;
+    }
+    if (length <= 0) {
+        length = 0;
+        range = (PyArrayObject *)PyArray_SimpleNewFromDescr(1, &length, dtype);
+        Py_DECREF(step);
+        Py_DECREF(start);
+        return (PyObject *)range;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * If dtype is not in native byte-order then get native-byte
+     * order version.  And then swap on the way out.
+     */
+    if (!PyArray_ISNBO(dtype->byteorder)) {
+        native = PyArray_DescrNewByteorder(dtype, NPY_NATBYTE);
+        swap = 1;
+    }
+    else {
+        native = dtype;
+        swap = 0;
+    }
+
+    range = (PyArrayObject *)PyArray_SimpleNewFromDescr(1, &length, native);
+    if (range == NULL) {
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * place start in the buffer and the next value in the second position
+     * if length > 2, then call the inner loop, otherwise stop
+     */
+    funcs = PyArray_DESCR(range)->f;
+    if (funcs->setitem(start, PyArray_DATA(range), range) < 0) {
+        goto fail;
+    }
+    if (length == 1) {
+        goto finish;
+    }
+    if (funcs->setitem(next, PyArray_BYTES(range)+PyArray_ITEMSIZE(range),
+                       range) < 0) {
+        goto fail;
+    }
+    if (length == 2) {
+        goto finish;
+    }
+    if (!funcs->fill) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "no fill-function for data-type.");
+        Py_DECREF(range);
+        goto fail;
+    }
+    NPY_BEGIN_THREADS_DESCR(PyArray_DESCR(range));
+    funcs->fill(PyArray_DATA(range), length, range);
+    NPY_END_THREADS;
+    if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto fail;
+    }
+ finish:
+    /* TODO: This swapping could be handled on the fly by the nditer */
+    if (swap) {
+        PyObject *new;
+        new = PyArray_Byteswap(range, 1);
+        Py_DECREF(new);
+        Py_DECREF(PyArray_DESCR(range));
+        /* steals the reference */
+        ((PyArrayObject_fields *)range)->descr = dtype;
+    }
+    Py_DECREF(start);
+    Py_DECREF(step);
+    Py_DECREF(next);
+    return (PyObject *)range;
+
+ fail:
+    Py_DECREF(start);
+    Py_DECREF(step);
+    Py_XDECREF(next);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static PyArrayObject *
+array_fromfile_binary(FILE *fp, PyArray_Descr *dtype, npy_intp num, size_t *nread)
+{
+    PyArrayObject *r;
+    npy_off_t start, numbytes;
+
+    if (num < 0) {
+        int fail = 0;
+        start = npy_ftell(fp);
+        if (start < 0) {
+            fail = 1;
+        }
+        if (npy_fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_END) < 0) {
+            fail = 1;
+        }
+        numbytes = npy_ftell(fp);
+        if (numbytes < 0) {
+            fail = 1;
+        }
+        numbytes -= start;
+        if (npy_fseek(fp, start, SEEK_SET) < 0) {
+            fail = 1;
+        }
+        if (fail) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_IOError,
+                            "could not seek in file");
+            Py_DECREF(dtype);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        num = numbytes / dtype->elsize;
+    }
+    r = (PyArrayObject *)PyArray_NewFromDescr(&PyArray_Type,
+                                              dtype,
+                                              1, &num,
+                                              NULL, NULL,
+                                              0, NULL);
+    if (r == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    NPY_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS;
+    *nread = fread(PyArray_DATA(r), dtype->elsize, num, fp);
+    NPY_END_ALLOW_THREADS;
+    return r;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Create an array by reading from the given stream, using the passed
+ * next_element and skip_separator functions.
+ */
+#define FROM_BUFFER_SIZE 4096
+static PyArrayObject *
+array_from_text(PyArray_Descr *dtype, npy_intp num, char *sep, size_t *nread,
+                void *stream, next_element next, skip_separator skip_sep,
+                void *stream_data)
+{
+    PyArrayObject *r;
+    npy_intp i;
+    char *dptr, *clean_sep, *tmp;
+    int err = 0;
+    npy_intp thisbuf = 0;
+    npy_intp size;
+    npy_intp bytes, totalbytes;
+
+    size = (num >= 0) ? num : FROM_BUFFER_SIZE;
+    r = (PyArrayObject *)
+        PyArray_NewFromDescr(&PyArray_Type,
+                             dtype,
+                             1, &size,
+                             NULL, NULL,
+                             0, NULL);
+    if (r == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    clean_sep = swab_separator(sep);
+    if (clean_sep == NULL) {
+        err = 1;
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    NPY_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS;
+    totalbytes = bytes = size * dtype->elsize;
+    dptr = PyArray_DATA(r);
+    for (i= 0; num < 0 || i < num; i++) {
+        if (next(&stream, dptr, dtype, stream_data) < 0) {
+            break;
+        }
+        *nread += 1;
+        thisbuf += 1;
+        dptr += dtype->elsize;
+        if (num < 0 && thisbuf == size) {
+            totalbytes += bytes;
+            tmp = PyDataMem_RENEW(PyArray_DATA(r), totalbytes);
+            if (tmp == NULL) {
+                err = 1;
+                break;
+            }
+            ((PyArrayObject_fields *)r)->data = tmp;
+            dptr = tmp + (totalbytes - bytes);
+            thisbuf = 0;
+        }
+        if (skip_sep(&stream, clean_sep, stream_data) < 0) {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    if (num < 0) {
+        tmp = PyDataMem_RENEW(PyArray_DATA(r), PyArray_MAX(*nread,1)*dtype->elsize);
+        if (tmp == NULL) {
+            err = 1;
+        }
+        else {
+            PyArray_DIMS(r)[0] = *nread;
+            ((PyArrayObject_fields *)r)->data = tmp;
+        }
+    }
+    NPY_END_ALLOW_THREADS;
+    free(clean_sep);
+
+fail:
+    if (err == 1) {
+        PyErr_NoMemory();
+    }
+    if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        Py_DECREF(r);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return r;
+}
+#undef FROM_BUFFER_SIZE
+
+/*NUMPY_API
+ *
+ * Given a ``FILE *`` pointer ``fp``, and a ``PyArray_Descr``, return an
+ * array corresponding to the data encoded in that file.
+ *
+ * If the dtype is NULL, the default array type is used (double).
+ * If non-null, the reference is stolen.
+ *
+ * The number of elements to read is given as ``num``; if it is < 0, then
+ * then as many as possible are read.
+ *
+ * If ``sep`` is NULL or empty, then binary data is assumed, else
+ * text data, with ``sep`` as the separator between elements. Whitespace in
+ * the separator matches any length of whitespace in the text, and a match
+ * for whitespace around the separator is added.
+ *
+ * For memory-mapped files, use the buffer interface. No more data than
+ * necessary is read by this routine.
+ */
+NPY_NO_EXPORT PyObject *
+PyArray_FromFile(FILE *fp, PyArray_Descr *dtype, npy_intp num, char *sep)
+{
+    PyArrayObject *ret;
+    size_t nread = 0;
+
+    if (PyDataType_REFCHK(dtype)) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                "Cannot read into object array");
+        Py_DECREF(dtype);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (dtype->elsize == 0) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                "The elements are 0-sized.");
+        Py_DECREF(dtype);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if ((sep == NULL) || (strlen(sep) == 0)) {
+        ret = array_fromfile_binary(fp, dtype, num, &nread);
+    }
+    else {
+        if (dtype->f->scanfunc == NULL) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                    "Unable to read character files of that array type");
+            Py_DECREF(dtype);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        ret = array_from_text(dtype, num, sep, &nread, fp,
+                (next_element) fromfile_next_element,
+                (skip_separator) fromfile_skip_separator, NULL);
+    }
+    if (ret == NULL) {
+        Py_DECREF(dtype);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (((npy_intp) nread) < num) {
+        /* Realloc memory for smaller number of elements */
+        const size_t nsize = PyArray_MAX(nread,1)*PyArray_DESCR(ret)->elsize;
+        char *tmp;
+
+        if((tmp = PyDataMem_RENEW(PyArray_DATA(ret), nsize)) == NULL) {
+            Py_DECREF(ret);
+            return PyErr_NoMemory();
+        }
+        ((PyArrayObject_fields *)ret)->data = tmp;
+        PyArray_DIMS(ret)[0] = nread;
+    }
+    return (PyObject *)ret;
+}
+
+/*NUMPY_API*/
+NPY_NO_EXPORT PyObject *
+PyArray_FromBuffer(PyObject *buf, PyArray_Descr *type,
+                   npy_intp count, npy_intp offset)
+{
+    PyArrayObject *ret;
+    char *data;
+    Py_ssize_t ts;
+    npy_intp s, n;
+    int itemsize;
+    int writeable = 1;
+
+
+    if (PyDataType_REFCHK(type)) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                        "cannot create an OBJECT array from memory"\
+                        " buffer");
+        Py_DECREF(type);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (type->elsize == 0) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                        "itemsize cannot be zero in type");
+        Py_DECREF(type);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (Py_TYPE(buf)->tp_as_buffer == NULL
+#if defined(NPY_PY3K)
+        || Py_TYPE(buf)->tp_as_buffer->bf_getbuffer == NULL
+#else
+        || (Py_TYPE(buf)->tp_as_buffer->bf_getwritebuffer == NULL
+            && Py_TYPE(buf)->tp_as_buffer->bf_getreadbuffer == NULL)
+#endif
+        ) {
+        PyObject *newbuf;
+        newbuf = PyObject_GetAttr(buf, npy_ma_str_buffer);
+        if (newbuf == NULL) {
+            Py_DECREF(type);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        buf = newbuf;
+    }
+    else {
+        Py_INCREF(buf);
+    }
+
+    if (PyObject_AsWriteBuffer(buf, (void *)&data, &ts) == -1) {
+        writeable = 0;
+        PyErr_Clear();
+        if (PyObject_AsReadBuffer(buf, (void *)&data, &ts) == -1) {
+            Py_DECREF(buf);
+            Py_DECREF(type);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if ((offset < 0) || (offset > ts)) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
+                     "offset must be non-negative and no greater than buffer "\
+                     "length (%" NPY_INTP_FMT ")", (npy_intp)ts);
+        Py_DECREF(buf);
+        Py_DECREF(type);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    data += offset;
+    s = (npy_intp)ts - offset;
+    n = (npy_intp)count;
+    itemsize = type->elsize;
+    if (n < 0 ) {
+        if (s % itemsize != 0) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                            "buffer size must be a multiple"\
+                            " of element size");
+            Py_DECREF(buf);
+            Py_DECREF(type);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        n = s/itemsize;
+    }
+    else {
+        if (s < n*itemsize) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                            "buffer is smaller than requested"\
+                            " size");
+            Py_DECREF(buf);
+            Py_DECREF(type);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if ((ret = (PyArrayObject *)PyArray_NewFromDescr(&PyArray_Type,
+                                                     type,
+                                                     1, &n,
+                                                     NULL, data,
+                                                     NPY_ARRAY_DEFAULT,
+                                                     NULL)) == NULL) {
+        Py_DECREF(buf);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    if (!writeable) {
+        PyArray_CLEARFLAGS(ret, NPY_ARRAY_WRITEABLE);
+    }
+    /* Store a reference for decref on deallocation */
+    if (PyArray_SetBaseObject(ret, buf) < 0) {
+        Py_DECREF(ret);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    PyArray_UpdateFlags(ret, NPY_ARRAY_ALIGNED);
+    return (PyObject *)ret;
+}
+
+/*NUMPY_API
+ *
+ * Given a pointer to a string ``data``, a string length ``slen``, and
+ * a ``PyArray_Descr``, return an array corresponding to the data
+ * encoded in that string.
+ *
+ * If the dtype is NULL, the default array type is used (double).
+ * If non-null, the reference is stolen.
+ *
+ * If ``slen`` is < 0, then the end of string is used for text data.
+ * It is an error for ``slen`` to be < 0 for binary data (since embedded NULLs
+ * would be the norm).
+ *
+ * The number of elements to read is given as ``num``; if it is < 0, then
+ * then as many as possible are read.
+ *
+ * If ``sep`` is NULL or empty, then binary data is assumed, else
+ * text data, with ``sep`` as the separator between elements. Whitespace in
+ * the separator matches any length of whitespace in the text, and a match
+ * for whitespace around the separator is added.
+ */
+NPY_NO_EXPORT PyObject *
+PyArray_FromString(char *data, npy_intp slen, PyArray_Descr *dtype,
+                   npy_intp num, char *sep)
+{
+    int itemsize;
+    PyArrayObject *ret;
+    npy_bool binary;
+
+    if (dtype == NULL) {
+        dtype=PyArray_DescrFromType(NPY_DEFAULT_TYPE);
+        if (dtype == NULL) {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+    }
+    if (PyDataType_FLAGCHK(dtype, NPY_ITEM_IS_POINTER) ||
+                    PyDataType_REFCHK(dtype)) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                        "Cannot create an object array from"    \
+                        " a string");
+        Py_DECREF(dtype);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    itemsize = dtype->elsize;
+    if (itemsize == 0) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "zero-valued itemsize");
+        Py_DECREF(dtype);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    binary = ((sep == NULL) || (strlen(sep) == 0));
+    if (binary) {
+        if (num < 0 ) {
+            if (slen % itemsize != 0) {
+                PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                                "string size must be a "\
+                                "multiple of element size");
+                Py_DECREF(dtype);
+                return NULL;
+            }
+            num = slen/itemsize;
+        }
+        else {
+            if (slen < num*itemsize) {
+                PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                                "string is smaller than " \
+                                "requested size");
+                Py_DECREF(dtype);
+                return NULL;
+            }
+        }
+        ret = (PyArrayObject *)
+            PyArray_NewFromDescr(&PyArray_Type, dtype,
+                                 1, &num, NULL, NULL,
+                                 0, NULL);
+        if (ret == NULL) {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        memcpy(PyArray_DATA(ret), data, num*dtype->elsize);
+    }
+    else {
+        /* read from character-based string */
+        size_t nread = 0;
+        char *end;
+
+        if (dtype->f->scanfunc == NULL) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                            "don't know how to read "       \
+                            "character strings with that "  \
+                            "array type");
+            Py_DECREF(dtype);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        if (slen < 0) {
+            end = NULL;
+        }
+        else {
+            end = data + slen;
+        }
+        ret = array_from_text(dtype, num, sep, &nread,
+                              data,
+                              (next_element) fromstr_next_element,
+                              (skip_separator) fromstr_skip_separator,
+                              end);
+    }
+    return (PyObject *)ret;
+}
+
+/*NUMPY_API
+ *
+ * steals a reference to dtype (which cannot be NULL)
+ */
+NPY_NO_EXPORT PyObject *
+PyArray_FromIter(PyObject *obj, PyArray_Descr *dtype, npy_intp count)
+{
+    PyObject *value;
+    PyObject *iter = PyObject_GetIter(obj);
+    PyArrayObject *ret = NULL;
+    npy_intp i, elsize, elcount;
+    char *item, *new_data;
+
+    if (iter == NULL) {
+        goto done;
+    }
+    elcount = (count < 0) ? 0 : count;
+    if ((elsize = dtype->elsize) == 0) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                "Must specify length when using variable-size data-type.");
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * We would need to alter the memory RENEW code to decrement any
+     * reference counts before throwing away any memory.
+     */
+    if (PyDataType_REFCHK(dtype)) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                "cannot create object arrays from iterator");
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    ret = (PyArrayObject *)PyArray_NewFromDescr(&PyArray_Type, dtype, 1,
+                                                &elcount, NULL,NULL, 0, NULL);
+    dtype = NULL;
+    if (ret == NULL) {
+        goto done;
+    }
+    for (i = 0; (i < count || count == -1) &&
+             (value = PyIter_Next(iter)); i++) {
+        if (i >= elcount) {
+            /*
+              Grow PyArray_DATA(ret):
+              this is similar for the strategy for PyListObject, but we use
+              50% overallocation => 0, 4, 8, 14, 23, 36, 56, 86 ...
+            */
+            elcount = (i >> 1) + (i < 4 ? 4 : 2) + i;
+            if (elcount <= NPY_MAX_INTP/elsize) {
+                new_data = PyDataMem_RENEW(PyArray_DATA(ret), elcount * elsize);
+            }
+            else {
+                new_data = NULL;
+            }
+            if (new_data == NULL) {
+                PyErr_SetString(PyExc_MemoryError,
+                        "cannot allocate array memory");
+                Py_DECREF(value);
+                goto done;
+            }
+            ((PyArrayObject_fields *)ret)->data = new_data;
+        }
+        PyArray_DIMS(ret)[0] = i + 1;
+
+        if (((item = index2ptr(ret, i)) == NULL) ||
+                (PyArray_DESCR(ret)->f->setitem(value, item, ret) == -1)) {
+            Py_DECREF(value);
+            goto done;
+        }
+        Py_DECREF(value);
+    }
+
+
+    if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        goto done;
+    }
+    if (i < count) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                "iterator too short");
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Realloc the data so that don't keep extra memory tied up
+     * (assuming realloc is reasonably good about reusing space...)
+     */
+    if (i == 0) {
+        /* The size cannot be zero for PyDataMem_RENEW. */
+        i = 1;
+    }
+    new_data = PyDataMem_RENEW(PyArray_DATA(ret), i * elsize);
+    if (new_data == NULL) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_MemoryError,
+                "cannot allocate array memory");
+        goto done;
+    }
+    ((PyArrayObject_fields *)ret)->data = new_data;
+
+ done:
+    Py_XDECREF(iter);
+    Py_XDECREF(dtype);
+    if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        Py_XDECREF(ret);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return (PyObject *)ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This is the main array creation routine.
+ *
+ * Flags argument has multiple related meanings
+ * depending on data and strides:
+ *
+ * If data is given, then flags is flags associated with data.
+ * If strides is not given, then a contiguous strides array will be created
+ * and the NPY_ARRAY_C_CONTIGUOUS bit will be set.  If the flags argument
+ * has the NPY_ARRAY_F_CONTIGUOUS bit set, then a FORTRAN-style strides array will be
+ * created (and of course the NPY_ARRAY_F_CONTIGUOUS flag bit will be set).
+ *
+ * If data is not given but created here, then flags will be NPY_ARRAY_DEFAULT
+ * and a non-zero flags argument can be used to indicate a FORTRAN style
+ * array is desired.
+ */
+
+NPY_NO_EXPORT size_t
+_array_fill_strides(npy_intp *strides, npy_intp *dims, int nd, size_t itemsize,
+                    int inflag, int *objflags)
+{
+    int i;
+#if NPY_RELAXED_STRIDES_CHECKING
+    npy_bool not_cf_contig = 0;
+    npy_bool nod = 0; /* A dim != 1 was found */
+
+    /* Check if new array is both F- and C-contiguous */
+    for (i = 0; i < nd; i++) {
+        if (dims[i] != 1) {
+            if (nod) {
+                not_cf_contig = 1;
+                break;
+            }
+            nod = 1;
+        }
+    }
+#endif /* NPY_RELAXED_STRIDES_CHECKING */
+
+    /* Only make Fortran strides if not contiguous as well */
+    if ((inflag & (NPY_ARRAY_F_CONTIGUOUS|NPY_ARRAY_C_CONTIGUOUS)) ==
+                                            NPY_ARRAY_F_CONTIGUOUS) {
+        for (i = 0; i < nd; i++) {
+            strides[i] = itemsize;
+            if (dims[i]) {
+                itemsize *= dims[i];
+            }
+#if NPY_RELAXED_STRIDES_CHECKING
+            else {
+                not_cf_contig = 0;
+            }
+#endif /* NPY_RELAXED_STRIDES_CHECKING */
+        }
+#if NPY_RELAXED_STRIDES_CHECKING
+        if (not_cf_contig) {
+#else /* not NPY_RELAXED_STRIDES_CHECKING */
+        if ((nd > 1) && ((strides[0] != strides[nd-1]) || (dims[nd-1] > 1))) {
+#endif /* not NPY_RELAXED_STRIDES_CHECKING */
+            *objflags = ((*objflags)|NPY_ARRAY_F_CONTIGUOUS) &
+                                            ~NPY_ARRAY_C_CONTIGUOUS;
+        }
+        else {
+            *objflags |= (NPY_ARRAY_F_CONTIGUOUS|NPY_ARRAY_C_CONTIGUOUS);
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        for (i = nd - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+            strides[i] = itemsize;
+            if (dims[i]) {
+                itemsize *= dims[i];
+            }
+#if NPY_RELAXED_STRIDES_CHECKING
+            else {
+                not_cf_contig = 0;
+            }
+#endif /* NPY_RELAXED_STRIDES_CHECKING */
+        }
+#if NPY_RELAXED_STRIDES_CHECKING
+        if (not_cf_contig) {
+#else /* not NPY_RELAXED_STRIDES_CHECKING */
+        if ((nd > 1) && ((strides[0] != strides[nd-1]) || (dims[0] > 1))) {
+#endif /* not NPY_RELAXED_STRIDES_CHECKING */
+            *objflags = ((*objflags)|NPY_ARRAY_C_CONTIGUOUS) &
+                                            ~NPY_ARRAY_F_CONTIGUOUS;
+        }
+        else {
+            *objflags |= (NPY_ARRAY_C_CONTIGUOUS|NPY_ARRAY_F_CONTIGUOUS);
+        }
+    }
+    return itemsize;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Calls arr_of_subclass.__array_wrap__(towrap), in order to make 'towrap'
+ * have the same ndarray subclass as 'arr_of_subclass'.
+ */
+NPY_NO_EXPORT PyArrayObject *
+PyArray_SubclassWrap(PyArrayObject *arr_of_subclass, PyArrayObject *towrap)
+{
+    PyObject *wrapped = PyObject_CallMethod((PyObject *)arr_of_subclass,
+                                        "__array_wrap__", "O", towrap);
+    if (wrapped == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (!PyArray_Check(wrapped)) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError,
+                "ndarray subclass __array_wrap__ method returned an "
+                "object which was not an instance of an ndarray subclass");
+        Py_DECREF(wrapped);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    return (PyArrayObject *)wrapped;
+}