numpy 1.9.2__zip → 1.10.0__zip

numpy-1.10.0.post2/numpy/core/src/multiarray/convert_datatype.c

@@ -0,0 +1,2155 @@
+#define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN
+#include <Python.h>
+#include "structmember.h"
+
+#define NPY_NO_DEPRECATED_API NPY_API_VERSION
+#define _MULTIARRAYMODULE
+#include "numpy/arrayobject.h"
+#include "numpy/arrayscalars.h"
+
+#include "npy_config.h"
+
+#include "npy_pycompat.h"
+#include "numpy/npy_math.h"
+
+#include "common.h"
+#include "scalartypes.h"
+#include "mapping.h"
+
+#include "convert_datatype.h"
+#include "_datetime.h"
+#include "datetime_strings.h"
+
+
+/*
+ * Required length of string when converting from unsigned integer type.
+ * Array index is integer size in bytes.
+ * - 3 chars needed for cast to max value of 255 or 127
+ * - 5 chars needed for cast to max value of 65535 or 32767
+ * - 10 chars needed for cast to max value of 4294967295 or 2147483647
+ * - 20 chars needed for cast to max value of 18446744073709551615
+ *   or 9223372036854775807
+ */
+NPY_NO_EXPORT npy_intp REQUIRED_STR_LEN[] = {0, 3, 5, 10, 10, 20, 20, 20, 20};
+
+/*NUMPY_API
+ * For backward compatibility
+ *
+ * Cast an array using typecode structure.
+ * steals reference to dtype --- cannot be NULL
+ *
+ * This function always makes a copy of arr, even if the dtype
+ * doesn't change.
+ */
+NPY_NO_EXPORT PyObject *
+PyArray_CastToType(PyArrayObject *arr, PyArray_Descr *dtype, int is_f_order)
+{
+    PyObject *out;
+
+    /* If the requested dtype is flexible, adapt it */
+    PyArray_AdaptFlexibleDType((PyObject *)arr, PyArray_DESCR(arr), &dtype);
+    if (dtype == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    out = PyArray_NewFromDescr(Py_TYPE(arr), dtype,
+                               PyArray_NDIM(arr),
+                               PyArray_DIMS(arr),
+                               NULL, NULL,
+                               is_f_order,
+                               (PyObject *)arr);
+
+    if (out == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    if (PyArray_CopyInto((PyArrayObject *)out, arr) < 0) {
+        Py_DECREF(out);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    return out;
+}
+
+/*NUMPY_API
+ * Get a cast function to cast from the input descriptor to the
+ * output type_number (must be a registered data-type).
+ * Returns NULL if un-successful.
+ */
+NPY_NO_EXPORT PyArray_VectorUnaryFunc *
+PyArray_GetCastFunc(PyArray_Descr *descr, int type_num)
+{
+    PyArray_VectorUnaryFunc *castfunc = NULL;
+
+    if (type_num < NPY_NTYPES_ABI_COMPATIBLE) {
+        castfunc = descr->f->cast[type_num];
+    }
+    else {
+        PyObject *obj = descr->f->castdict;
+        if (obj && PyDict_Check(obj)) {
+            PyObject *key;
+            PyObject *cobj;
+
+            key = PyInt_FromLong(type_num);
+            cobj = PyDict_GetItem(obj, key);
+            Py_DECREF(key);
+            if (cobj && NpyCapsule_Check(cobj)) {
+                castfunc = NpyCapsule_AsVoidPtr(cobj);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if (PyTypeNum_ISCOMPLEX(descr->type_num) &&
+            !PyTypeNum_ISCOMPLEX(type_num) &&
+            PyTypeNum_ISNUMBER(type_num) &&
+            !PyTypeNum_ISBOOL(type_num)) {
+        PyObject *cls = NULL, *obj = NULL;
+        int ret;
+        obj = PyImport_ImportModule("numpy.core");
+
+        if (obj) {
+            cls = PyObject_GetAttrString(obj, "ComplexWarning");
+            Py_DECREF(obj);
+        }
+        ret = PyErr_WarnEx(cls,
+                "Casting complex values to real discards "
+                "the imaginary part", 1);
+        Py_XDECREF(cls);
+        if (ret < 0) {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+    }
+    if (castfunc) {
+        return castfunc;
+    }
+
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+            "No cast function available.");
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This function calls Py_DECREF on flex_dtype, and replaces it with
+ * a new dtype that has been adapted based on the values in data_dtype
+ * and data_obj. If the flex_dtype is not flexible, it leaves it as is.
+ *
+ * Usually, if data_obj is not an array, dtype should be the result
+ * given by the PyArray_GetArrayParamsFromObject function.
+ *
+ * The data_obj may be NULL if just a dtype is is known for the source.
+ *
+ * If *flex_dtype is NULL, returns immediately, without setting an
+ * exception. This basically assumes an error was already set previously.
+ *
+ * The current flexible dtypes include NPY_STRING, NPY_UNICODE, NPY_VOID,
+ * and NPY_DATETIME with generic units.
+ */
+NPY_NO_EXPORT void
+PyArray_AdaptFlexibleDType(PyObject *data_obj, PyArray_Descr *data_dtype,
+                            PyArray_Descr **flex_dtype)
+{
+    PyArray_DatetimeMetaData *meta;
+    int flex_type_num;
+    PyArrayObject *arr = NULL;
+    PyArray_Descr *dtype = NULL;
+    int ndim = 0;
+    npy_intp dims[NPY_MAXDIMS];
+    int result;
+
+    if (*flex_dtype == NULL) {
+        if (!PyErr_Occurred()) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError,
+                    "NumPy AdaptFlexibleDType was called with NULL flex_dtype "
+                    "but no error set");
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+
+    flex_type_num = (*flex_dtype)->type_num;
+
+    /* Flexible types with expandable size */
+    if ((*flex_dtype)->elsize == 0) {
+        /* First replace the flex dtype */
+        PyArray_DESCR_REPLACE(*flex_dtype);
+        if (*flex_dtype == NULL) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (data_dtype->type_num == flex_type_num ||
+                                    flex_type_num == NPY_VOID) {
+            (*flex_dtype)->elsize = data_dtype->elsize;
+        }
+        else if (flex_type_num == NPY_STRING || flex_type_num == NPY_UNICODE) {
+            npy_intp size = 8;
+
+            /*
+             * Get a string-size estimate of the input. These
+             * are generallly the size needed, rounded up to
+             * a multiple of eight.
+             */
+            switch (data_dtype->type_num) {
+                case NPY_BOOL:
+                case NPY_UBYTE:
+                case NPY_BYTE:
+                case NPY_USHORT:
+                case NPY_SHORT:
+                case NPY_UINT:
+                case NPY_INT:
+                case NPY_ULONG:
+                case NPY_LONG:
+                case NPY_ULONGLONG:
+                case NPY_LONGLONG:
+                    if (data_dtype->kind == 'b') {
+                        /* 5 chars needed for cast to 'True' or 'False' */
+                        size = 5;
+                    }
+                    else if (data_dtype->elsize > 8 ||
+                             data_dtype->elsize < 0) {
+                        /* 
+                         * Element size should never be greater than 8 or
+                         * less than 0 for integer type, but just in case...
+                         */
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    else if (data_dtype->kind == 'u') {
+                        size = REQUIRED_STR_LEN[data_dtype->elsize];
+                    }
+                    else if (data_dtype->kind == 'i') {
+                        /* Add character for sign symbol */
+                        size = REQUIRED_STR_LEN[data_dtype->elsize] + 1;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case NPY_HALF:
+                case NPY_FLOAT:
+                case NPY_DOUBLE:
+                case NPY_LONGDOUBLE:
+                    size = 32;
+                    break;
+                case NPY_CFLOAT:
+                case NPY_CDOUBLE:
+                case NPY_CLONGDOUBLE:
+                    size = 64;
+                    break;
+                case NPY_OBJECT:
+                    size = 64;
+                    if ((flex_type_num == NPY_STRING ||
+                            flex_type_num == NPY_UNICODE) &&
+                            data_obj != NULL) {
+                        PyObject *list;
+
+                        if (PyArray_CheckScalar(data_obj)) {
+                            list = PyArray_ToList((PyArrayObject *)data_obj);
+                            if (list != NULL) {
+                                PyObject *s = PyObject_Str(list);
+                                if (s == NULL) {
+                                    Py_DECREF(list);
+                                    Py_DECREF(*flex_dtype);
+                                    *flex_dtype = NULL;
+                                    return;
+                                }
+                                else {
+                                    size = PyObject_Length(s);
+                                    Py_DECREF(s);
+                                }
+                                Py_DECREF(list);
+                            }
+                        }
+                        else if (PyArray_Check(data_obj)) {
+                            /*
+                             * Convert data array to list of objects since
+                             * GetArrayParamsFromObject won't iterate over
+                             * array.
+                             */
+                            list = PyArray_ToList((PyArrayObject *)data_obj);
+                            result = PyArray_GetArrayParamsFromObject(
+                                    list,
+                                    *flex_dtype,
+                                    0, &dtype,
+                                    &ndim, dims, &arr, NULL);
+                            if (result == 0 && dtype != NULL) {
+                                if (flex_type_num == NPY_UNICODE) {
+                                    size = dtype->elsize / 4;
+                                }
+                                else {
+                                    size = dtype->elsize;
+                                }
+                            }
+                            Py_DECREF(list);
+                        }
+                        else if (PyArray_IsPythonScalar(data_obj)) {
+                            PyObject *s = PyObject_Str(data_obj);
+                            if (s == NULL) {
+                                Py_DECREF(*flex_dtype);
+                                *flex_dtype = NULL;
+                                return;
+                            }
+                            else {
+                                size = PyObject_Length(s);
+                                Py_DECREF(s);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case NPY_STRING:
+                case NPY_VOID:
+                    size = data_dtype->elsize;
+                    break;
+                case NPY_UNICODE:
+                    size = data_dtype->elsize / 4;
+                    break;
+                case NPY_DATETIME:
+                    meta = get_datetime_metadata_from_dtype(data_dtype);
+                    if (meta == NULL) {
+                        Py_DECREF(*flex_dtype);
+                        *flex_dtype = NULL;
+                        return;
+                    }
+                    size = get_datetime_iso_8601_strlen(0, meta->base);
+                    break;
+                case NPY_TIMEDELTA:
+                    size = 21;
+                    break;
+            }
+
+            if (flex_type_num == NPY_STRING) {
+                (*flex_dtype)->elsize = size;
+            }
+            else if (flex_type_num == NPY_UNICODE) {
+                (*flex_dtype)->elsize = size * 4;
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            /*
+             * We should never get here, but just in case someone adds
+             * a new flex dtype...
+             */
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                    "don't know how to adapt flex dtype");
+            *flex_dtype = NULL;
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+    /* Flexible type with generic time unit that adapts */
+    else if (flex_type_num == NPY_DATETIME ||
+                flex_type_num == NPY_TIMEDELTA) {
+        meta = get_datetime_metadata_from_dtype(*flex_dtype);
+        if (meta == NULL) {
+            Py_DECREF(*flex_dtype);
+            *flex_dtype = NULL;
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (meta->base == NPY_FR_GENERIC) {
+            if (data_dtype->type_num == NPY_DATETIME ||
+                    data_dtype->type_num == NPY_TIMEDELTA) {
+                meta = get_datetime_metadata_from_dtype(data_dtype);
+                if (meta == NULL) {
+                    Py_DECREF(*flex_dtype);
+                    *flex_dtype = NULL;
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                Py_DECREF(*flex_dtype);
+                *flex_dtype = create_datetime_dtype(flex_type_num, meta);
+            }
+            else if (data_obj != NULL) {
+                /* Detect the unit from the input's data */
+                Py_DECREF(*flex_dtype);
+                *flex_dtype = find_object_datetime_type(data_obj,
+                                                    flex_type_num);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Must be broadcastable.
+ * This code is very similar to PyArray_CopyInto/PyArray_MoveInto
+ * except casting is done --- NPY_BUFSIZE is used
+ * as the size of the casting buffer.
+ */
+
+/*NUMPY_API
+ * Cast to an already created array.
+ */
+NPY_NO_EXPORT int
+PyArray_CastTo(PyArrayObject *out, PyArrayObject *mp)
+{
+    /* CopyInto handles the casting now */
+    return PyArray_CopyInto(out, mp);
+}
+
+/*NUMPY_API
+ * Cast to an already created array.  Arrays don't have to be "broadcastable"
+ * Only requirement is they have the same number of elements.
+ */
+NPY_NO_EXPORT int
+PyArray_CastAnyTo(PyArrayObject *out, PyArrayObject *mp)
+{
+    /* CopyAnyInto handles the casting now */
+    return PyArray_CopyAnyInto(out, mp);
+}
+
+/*NUMPY_API
+ *Check the type coercion rules.
+ */
+NPY_NO_EXPORT int
+PyArray_CanCastSafely(int fromtype, int totype)
+{
+    PyArray_Descr *from;
+
+    /* Fast table lookup for small type numbers */
+    if ((unsigned int)fromtype < NPY_NTYPES &&
+                                (unsigned int)totype < NPY_NTYPES) {
+        return _npy_can_cast_safely_table[fromtype][totype];
+    }
+
+    /* Identity */
+    if (fromtype == totype) {
+        return 1;
+    }
+    /* Special-cases for some types */
+    switch (fromtype) {
+        case NPY_DATETIME:
+        case NPY_TIMEDELTA:
+        case NPY_OBJECT:
+        case NPY_VOID:
+            return 0;
+        case NPY_BOOL:
+            return 1;
+    }
+    switch (totype) {
+        case NPY_BOOL:
+        case NPY_DATETIME:
+        case NPY_TIMEDELTA:
+            return 0;
+        case NPY_OBJECT:
+        case NPY_VOID:
+            return 1;
+    }
+
+    from = PyArray_DescrFromType(fromtype);
+    /*
+     * cancastto is a NPY_NOTYPE terminated C-int-array of types that
+     * the data-type can be cast to safely.
+     */
+    if (from->f->cancastto) {
+        int *curtype = from->f->cancastto;
+
+        while (*curtype != NPY_NOTYPE) {
+            if (*curtype++ == totype) {
+                return 1;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/*NUMPY_API
+ * leaves reference count alone --- cannot be NULL
+ *
+ * PyArray_CanCastTypeTo is equivalent to this, but adds a 'casting'
+ * parameter.
+ */
+NPY_NO_EXPORT npy_bool
+PyArray_CanCastTo(PyArray_Descr *from, PyArray_Descr *to)
+{
+    int from_type_num = from->type_num;
+    int to_type_num = to->type_num;
+    npy_bool ret;
+
+    ret = (npy_bool) PyArray_CanCastSafely(from_type_num, to_type_num);
+    if (ret) {
+        /* Check String and Unicode more closely */
+        if (from_type_num == NPY_STRING) {
+            if (to_type_num == NPY_STRING) {
+                ret = (from->elsize <= to->elsize);
+            }
+            else if (to_type_num == NPY_UNICODE) {
+                ret = (from->elsize << 2 <= to->elsize);
+            }
+        }
+        else if (from_type_num == NPY_UNICODE) {
+            if (to_type_num == NPY_UNICODE) {
+                ret = (from->elsize <= to->elsize);
+            }
+        }
+        /*
+         * For datetime/timedelta, only treat casts moving towards
+         * more precision as safe.
+         */
+        else if (from_type_num == NPY_DATETIME && to_type_num == NPY_DATETIME) {
+            PyArray_DatetimeMetaData *meta1, *meta2;
+            meta1 = get_datetime_metadata_from_dtype(from);
+            if (meta1 == NULL) {
+                PyErr_Clear();
+                return 0;
+            }
+            meta2 = get_datetime_metadata_from_dtype(to);
+            if (meta2 == NULL) {
+                PyErr_Clear();
+                return 0;
+            }
+
+            return can_cast_datetime64_metadata(meta1, meta2,
+                                                NPY_SAFE_CASTING);
+        }
+        else if (from_type_num == NPY_TIMEDELTA &&
+                                    to_type_num == NPY_TIMEDELTA) {
+            PyArray_DatetimeMetaData *meta1, *meta2;
+            meta1 = get_datetime_metadata_from_dtype(from);
+            if (meta1 == NULL) {
+                PyErr_Clear();
+                return 0;
+            }
+            meta2 = get_datetime_metadata_from_dtype(to);
+            if (meta2 == NULL) {
+                PyErr_Clear();
+                return 0;
+            }
+
+            return can_cast_timedelta64_metadata(meta1, meta2,
+                                                 NPY_SAFE_CASTING);
+        }
+        /*
+         * If to_type_num is STRING or unicode
+         * see if the length is long enough to hold the
+         * stringified value of the object.
+         */
+        else if (to_type_num == NPY_STRING || to_type_num == NPY_UNICODE) {
+            /* 
+             * Boolean value cast to string type is 5 characters max
+             * for string 'False'.
+             */
+            int char_size = 1;
+            if (to_type_num == NPY_UNICODE) {
+                char_size = 4;
+            }
+
+            ret = 0;
+            if (to->elsize == 0) {
+                ret = 1;
+            }
+            /* 
+             * Need at least 5 characters to convert from boolean
+             * to 'True' or 'False'.
+             */
+            else if (from->kind == 'b' && to->elsize >= 5 * char_size) {
+                ret = 1;
+            }
+            else if (from->kind == 'u') {
+                /* Guard against unexpected integer size */
+                if (from->elsize > 8 || from->elsize < 0) {
+                    ret = 0;
+                }
+                else if (to->elsize >=
+                        REQUIRED_STR_LEN[from->elsize] * char_size) {
+                    ret = 1;
+                }
+            }
+            else if (from->kind == 'i') {
+                /* Guard against unexpected integer size */
+                if (from->elsize > 8 || from->elsize < 0) {
+                    ret = 0;
+                }
+                /* Extra character needed for sign */
+                else if (to->elsize >=
+                        (REQUIRED_STR_LEN[from->elsize] + 1) * char_size) {
+                    ret = 1;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+/* Provides an ordering for the dtype 'kind' character codes */
+static int
+dtype_kind_to_ordering(char kind)
+{
+    switch (kind) {
+        /* Boolean kind */
+        case 'b':
+            return 0;
+        /* Unsigned int kind */
+        case 'u':
+            return 1;
+        /* Signed int kind */
+        case 'i':
+            return 2;
+        /* Float kind */
+        case 'f':
+            return 4;
+        /* Complex kind */
+        case 'c':
+            return 5;
+        /* String kind */
+        case 'S':
+        case 'a':
+            return 6;
+        /* Unicode kind */
+        case 'U':
+            return 7;
+        /* Void kind */
+        case 'V':
+            return 8;
+        /* Object kind */
+        case 'O':
+            return 9;
+        /*
+         * Anything else, like datetime, is special cased to
+         * not fit in this hierarchy
+         */
+        default:
+            return -1;
+    }
+}
+
+/* Converts a type number from unsigned to signed */
+static int
+type_num_unsigned_to_signed(int type_num)
+{
+    switch (type_num) {
+        case NPY_UBYTE:
+            return NPY_BYTE;
+        case NPY_USHORT:
+            return NPY_SHORT;
+        case NPY_UINT:
+            return NPY_INT;
+        case NPY_ULONG:
+            return NPY_LONG;
+        case NPY_ULONGLONG:
+            return NPY_LONGLONG;
+        default:
+            return type_num;
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Compare two field dictionaries for castability.
+ *
+ * Return 1 if 'field1' can be cast to 'field2' according to the rule
+ * 'casting', 0 if not.
+ *
+ * Castabiliy of field dictionaries is defined recursively: 'field1' and
+ * 'field2' must have the same field names (possibly in different
+ * orders), and the corresponding field types must be castable according
+ * to the given casting rule.
+ */
+static int
+can_cast_fields(PyObject *field1, PyObject *field2, NPY_CASTING casting)
+{
+    Py_ssize_t ppos;
+    PyObject *key;
+    PyObject *tuple1, *tuple2;
+
+    if (field1 == field2) {
+        return 1;
+    }
+    if (field1 == NULL || field2 == NULL) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    if (PyDict_Size(field1) != PyDict_Size(field2)) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /* Iterate over all the fields and compare for castability */
+    ppos = 0;
+    while (PyDict_Next(field1, &ppos, &key, &tuple1)) {
+        if ((tuple2 = PyDict_GetItem(field2, key)) == NULL) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        /* Compare the dtype of the field for castability */
+        if (!PyArray_CanCastTypeTo(
+                        (PyArray_Descr *)PyTuple_GET_ITEM(tuple1, 0),
+                        (PyArray_Descr *)PyTuple_GET_ITEM(tuple2, 0),
+                        casting)) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+/*NUMPY_API
+ * Returns true if data of type 'from' may be cast to data of type
+ * 'to' according to the rule 'casting'.
+ */
+NPY_NO_EXPORT npy_bool
+PyArray_CanCastTypeTo(PyArray_Descr *from, PyArray_Descr *to,
+                                                    NPY_CASTING casting)
+{
+    /* Fast path for unsafe casts or basic types */
+    if (casting == NPY_UNSAFE_CASTING ||
+            (NPY_LIKELY(from->type_num < NPY_OBJECT) &&
+             NPY_LIKELY(from->type_num == to->type_num) &&
+             NPY_LIKELY(from->byteorder == to->byteorder))) {
+        return 1;
+    }
+    /* Equivalent types can be cast with any value of 'casting'  */
+    else if (PyArray_EquivTypenums(from->type_num, to->type_num)) {
+        /* For complicated case, use EquivTypes (for now) */
+        if (PyTypeNum_ISUSERDEF(from->type_num) ||
+                        from->subarray != NULL) {
+            int ret;
+
+            /* Only NPY_NO_CASTING prevents byte order conversion */
+            if ((casting != NPY_NO_CASTING) &&
+                                (!PyArray_ISNBO(from->byteorder) ||
+                                 !PyArray_ISNBO(to->byteorder))) {
+                PyArray_Descr *nbo_from, *nbo_to;
+
+                nbo_from = PyArray_DescrNewByteorder(from, NPY_NATIVE);
+                nbo_to = PyArray_DescrNewByteorder(to, NPY_NATIVE);
+                if (nbo_from == NULL || nbo_to == NULL) {
+                    Py_XDECREF(nbo_from);
+                    Py_XDECREF(nbo_to);
+                    PyErr_Clear();
+                    return 0;
+                }
+                ret = PyArray_EquivTypes(nbo_from, nbo_to);
+                Py_DECREF(nbo_from);
+                Py_DECREF(nbo_to);
+            }
+            else {
+                ret = PyArray_EquivTypes(from, to);
+            }
+            return ret;
+        }
+
+        if (PyDataType_HASFIELDS(from)) {
+            switch (casting) {
+                case NPY_EQUIV_CASTING:
+                case NPY_SAFE_CASTING:
+                case NPY_SAME_KIND_CASTING:
+                    /*
+                     * `from' and `to' must have the same fields, and
+                     * corresponding fields must be (recursively) castable.
+                     */
+                    return can_cast_fields(from->fields, to->fields, casting);
+
+                case NPY_NO_CASTING:
+                default:
+                    return PyArray_EquivTypes(from, to);
+            }
+        }
+
+        switch (from->type_num) {
+            case NPY_DATETIME: {
+                PyArray_DatetimeMetaData *meta1, *meta2;
+                meta1 = get_datetime_metadata_from_dtype(from);
+                if (meta1 == NULL) {
+                    PyErr_Clear();
+                    return 0;
+                }
+                meta2 = get_datetime_metadata_from_dtype(to);
+                if (meta2 == NULL) {
+                    PyErr_Clear();
+                    return 0;
+                }
+
+                if (casting == NPY_NO_CASTING) {
+                    return PyArray_ISNBO(from->byteorder) ==
+                                        PyArray_ISNBO(to->byteorder) &&
+                            can_cast_datetime64_metadata(meta1, meta2, casting);
+                }
+                else {
+                    return can_cast_datetime64_metadata(meta1, meta2, casting);
+                }
+            }
+            case NPY_TIMEDELTA: {
+                PyArray_DatetimeMetaData *meta1, *meta2;
+                meta1 = get_datetime_metadata_from_dtype(from);
+                if (meta1 == NULL) {
+                    PyErr_Clear();
+                    return 0;
+                }
+                meta2 = get_datetime_metadata_from_dtype(to);
+                if (meta2 == NULL) {
+                    PyErr_Clear();
+                    return 0;
+                }
+
+                if (casting == NPY_NO_CASTING) {
+                    return PyArray_ISNBO(from->byteorder) ==
+                                        PyArray_ISNBO(to->byteorder) &&
+                        can_cast_timedelta64_metadata(meta1, meta2, casting);
+                }
+                else {
+                    return can_cast_timedelta64_metadata(meta1, meta2, casting);
+                }
+            }
+            default:
+                switch (casting) {
+                    case NPY_NO_CASTING:
+                        return PyArray_EquivTypes(from, to);
+                    case NPY_EQUIV_CASTING:
+                        return (from->elsize == to->elsize);
+                    case NPY_SAFE_CASTING:
+                        return (from->elsize <= to->elsize);
+                    default:
+                        return 1;
+                }
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+    /* If safe or same-kind casts are allowed */
+    else if (casting == NPY_SAFE_CASTING || casting == NPY_SAME_KIND_CASTING) {
+        if (PyArray_CanCastTo(from, to)) {
+            return 1;
+        }
+        else if(casting == NPY_SAME_KIND_CASTING) {
+            /*
+             * Also allow casting from lower to higher kinds, according
+             * to the ordering provided by dtype_kind_to_ordering.
+             * Some kinds, like datetime, don't fit in the hierarchy,
+             * and are special cased as -1.
+             */
+            int from_order, to_order;
+
+            from_order = dtype_kind_to_ordering(from->kind);
+            to_order = dtype_kind_to_ordering(to->kind);
+
+            return from_order != -1 && from_order <= to_order;
+        }
+        else {
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+    /* NPY_NO_CASTING or NPY_EQUIV_CASTING was specified */
+    else {
+        return 0;
+    }
+}
+
+/* CanCastArrayTo needs this function */
+static int min_scalar_type_num(char *valueptr, int type_num,
+                                            int *is_small_unsigned);
+
+NPY_NO_EXPORT npy_bool
+can_cast_scalar_to(PyArray_Descr *scal_type, char *scal_data,
+                    PyArray_Descr *to, NPY_CASTING casting)
+{
+    int swap;
+    int is_small_unsigned = 0, type_num;
+    npy_bool ret;
+    PyArray_Descr *dtype;
+
+    /* An aligned memory buffer large enough to hold any type */
+    npy_longlong value[4];
+
+    /*
+     * If the two dtypes are actually references to the same object
+     * or if casting type is forced unsafe then always OK.
+     */
+    if (scal_type == to || casting == NPY_UNSAFE_CASTING ) {
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * If the scalar isn't a number, or the rule is stricter than
+     * NPY_SAFE_CASTING, use the straight type-based rules
+     */
+    if (!PyTypeNum_ISNUMBER(scal_type->type_num) ||
+                            casting < NPY_SAFE_CASTING) {
+        return PyArray_CanCastTypeTo(scal_type, to, casting);
+    }
+
+    swap = !PyArray_ISNBO(scal_type->byteorder);
+    scal_type->f->copyswap(&value, scal_data, swap, NULL);
+
+    type_num = min_scalar_type_num((char *)&value, scal_type->type_num,
+                                    &is_small_unsigned);
+
+    /*
+     * If we've got a small unsigned scalar, and the 'to' type
+     * is not unsigned, then make it signed to allow the value
+     * to be cast more appropriately.
+     */
+    if (is_small_unsigned && !(PyTypeNum_ISUNSIGNED(to->type_num))) {
+        type_num = type_num_unsigned_to_signed(type_num);
+    }
+
+    dtype = PyArray_DescrFromType(type_num);
+    if (dtype == NULL) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+#if 0
+    printf("min scalar cast ");
+    PyObject_Print(dtype, stdout, 0);
+    printf(" to ");
+    PyObject_Print(to, stdout, 0);
+    printf("\n");
+#endif
+    ret = PyArray_CanCastTypeTo(dtype, to, casting);
+    Py_DECREF(dtype);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+/*NUMPY_API
+ * Returns 1 if the array object may be cast to the given data type using
+ * the casting rule, 0 otherwise.  This differs from PyArray_CanCastTo in
+ * that it handles scalar arrays (0 dimensions) specially, by checking
+ * their value.
+ */
+NPY_NO_EXPORT npy_bool
+PyArray_CanCastArrayTo(PyArrayObject *arr, PyArray_Descr *to,
+                        NPY_CASTING casting)
+{
+    PyArray_Descr *from = PyArray_DESCR(arr);
+
+    /* If it's a scalar, check the value */
+    if (PyArray_NDIM(arr) == 0 && !PyArray_HASFIELDS(arr)) {
+        return can_cast_scalar_to(from, PyArray_DATA(arr), to, casting);
+    }
+
+    /* Otherwise, use the standard rules */
+    return PyArray_CanCastTypeTo(from, to, casting);
+}
+
+/*NUMPY_API
+ * See if array scalars can be cast.
+ *
+ * TODO: For NumPy 2.0, add a NPY_CASTING parameter.
+ */
+NPY_NO_EXPORT npy_bool
+PyArray_CanCastScalar(PyTypeObject *from, PyTypeObject *to)
+{
+    int fromtype;
+    int totype;
+
+    fromtype = _typenum_fromtypeobj((PyObject *)from, 0);
+    totype = _typenum_fromtypeobj((PyObject *)to, 0);
+    if (fromtype == NPY_NOTYPE || totype == NPY_NOTYPE) {
+        return NPY_FALSE;
+    }
+    return (npy_bool) PyArray_CanCastSafely(fromtype, totype);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Internal promote types function which handles unsigned integers which
+ * fit in same-sized signed integers specially.
+ */
+static PyArray_Descr *
+promote_types(PyArray_Descr *type1, PyArray_Descr *type2,
+                        int is_small_unsigned1, int is_small_unsigned2)
+{
+    if (is_small_unsigned1) {
+        int type_num1 = type1->type_num;
+        int type_num2 = type2->type_num;
+        int ret_type_num;
+
+        if (type_num2 < NPY_NTYPES && !(PyTypeNum_ISBOOL(type_num2) ||
+                                        PyTypeNum_ISUNSIGNED(type_num2))) {
+            /* Convert to the equivalent-sized signed integer */
+            type_num1 = type_num_unsigned_to_signed(type_num1);
+
+            ret_type_num = _npy_type_promotion_table[type_num1][type_num2];
+            /* The table doesn't handle string/unicode/void, check the result */
+            if (ret_type_num >= 0) {
+                return PyArray_DescrFromType(ret_type_num);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return PyArray_PromoteTypes(type1, type2);
+    }
+    else if (is_small_unsigned2) {
+        int type_num1 = type1->type_num;
+        int type_num2 = type2->type_num;
+        int ret_type_num;
+
+        if (type_num1 < NPY_NTYPES && !(PyTypeNum_ISBOOL(type_num1) ||
+                                        PyTypeNum_ISUNSIGNED(type_num1))) {
+            /* Convert to the equivalent-sized signed integer */
+            type_num2 = type_num_unsigned_to_signed(type_num2);
+
+            ret_type_num = _npy_type_promotion_table[type_num1][type_num2];
+            /* The table doesn't handle string/unicode/void, check the result */
+            if (ret_type_num >= 0) {
+                return PyArray_DescrFromType(ret_type_num);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return PyArray_PromoteTypes(type1, type2);
+    }
+    else {
+        return PyArray_PromoteTypes(type1, type2);
+    }
+
+}
+
+/*
+ * Returns a new reference to type if it is already NBO, otherwise
+ * returns a copy converted to NBO.
+ */
+static PyArray_Descr *
+ensure_dtype_nbo(PyArray_Descr *type)
+{
+    if (PyArray_ISNBO(type->byteorder)) {
+        Py_INCREF(type);
+        return type;
+    }
+    else {
+        return PyArray_DescrNewByteorder(type, NPY_NATIVE);
+    }
+}
+
+/*NUMPY_API
+ * Produces the smallest size and lowest kind type to which both
+ * input types can be cast.
+ */
+NPY_NO_EXPORT PyArray_Descr *
+PyArray_PromoteTypes(PyArray_Descr *type1, PyArray_Descr *type2)
+{
+    int type_num1, type_num2, ret_type_num;
+
+    type_num1 = type1->type_num;
+    type_num2 = type2->type_num;
+
+    /* If they're built-in types, use the promotion table */
+    if (type_num1 < NPY_NTYPES && type_num2 < NPY_NTYPES) {
+        ret_type_num = _npy_type_promotion_table[type_num1][type_num2];
+        /*
+         * The table doesn't handle string/unicode/void/datetime/timedelta,
+         * so check the result
+         */
+        if (ret_type_num >= 0) {
+            return PyArray_DescrFromType(ret_type_num);
+        }
+    }
+    /* If one or both are user defined, calculate it */
+    else {
+        int skind1 = NPY_NOSCALAR, skind2 = NPY_NOSCALAR, skind;
+
+        if (PyArray_CanCastTo(type2, type1)) {
+            /* Promoted types are always native byte order */
+            return ensure_dtype_nbo(type1);
+        }
+        else if (PyArray_CanCastTo(type1, type2)) {
+            /* Promoted types are always native byte order */
+            return ensure_dtype_nbo(type2);
+        }
+
+        /* Convert the 'kind' char into a scalar kind */
+        switch (type1->kind) {
+            case 'b':
+                skind1 = NPY_BOOL_SCALAR;
+                break;
+            case 'u':
+                skind1 = NPY_INTPOS_SCALAR;
+                break;
+            case 'i':
+                skind1 = NPY_INTNEG_SCALAR;
+                break;
+            case 'f':
+                skind1 = NPY_FLOAT_SCALAR;
+                break;
+            case 'c':
+                skind1 = NPY_COMPLEX_SCALAR;
+                break;
+        }
+        switch (type2->kind) {
+            case 'b':
+                skind2 = NPY_BOOL_SCALAR;
+                break;
+            case 'u':
+                skind2 = NPY_INTPOS_SCALAR;
+                break;
+            case 'i':
+                skind2 = NPY_INTNEG_SCALAR;
+                break;
+            case 'f':
+                skind2 = NPY_FLOAT_SCALAR;
+                break;
+            case 'c':
+                skind2 = NPY_COMPLEX_SCALAR;
+                break;
+        }
+
+        /* If both are scalars, there may be a promotion possible */
+        if (skind1 != NPY_NOSCALAR && skind2 != NPY_NOSCALAR) {
+
+            /* Start with the larger scalar kind */
+            skind = (skind1 > skind2) ? skind1 : skind2;
+            ret_type_num = _npy_smallest_type_of_kind_table[skind];
+
+            for (;;) {
+
+                /* If there is no larger type of this kind, try a larger kind */
+                if (ret_type_num < 0) {
+                    ++skind;
+                    /* Use -1 to signal no promoted type found */
+                    if (skind < NPY_NSCALARKINDS) {
+                        ret_type_num = _npy_smallest_type_of_kind_table[skind];
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                /* If we found a type to which we can promote both, done! */
+                if (PyArray_CanCastSafely(type_num1, ret_type_num) &&
+                            PyArray_CanCastSafely(type_num2, ret_type_num)) {
+                    return PyArray_DescrFromType(ret_type_num);
+                }
+
+                /* Try the next larger type of this kind */
+                ret_type_num = _npy_next_larger_type_table[ret_type_num];
+            }
+
+        }
+
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                "invalid type promotion with custom data type");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    switch (type_num1) {
+        /* BOOL can convert to anything except datetime/void */
+        case NPY_BOOL:
+            if (type_num2 == NPY_STRING || type_num2 == NPY_UNICODE) {
+                int char_size = 1;
+                if (type_num2 == NPY_UNICODE) {
+                    char_size = 4;
+                }
+                if (type2->elsize < 5 * char_size) {
+                    PyArray_Descr *ret = NULL;
+                    PyArray_Descr *temp = PyArray_DescrNew(type2);
+                    ret = ensure_dtype_nbo(temp);
+                    ret->elsize = 5 * char_size;
+                    Py_DECREF(temp);
+                    return ret;
+                }
+                return ensure_dtype_nbo(type2);
+            }
+            else if (type_num2 != NPY_DATETIME && type_num2 != NPY_VOID) {
+                return ensure_dtype_nbo(type2);
+            }
+            break;
+        /* For strings and unicodes, take the larger size */
+        case NPY_STRING:
+            if (type_num2 == NPY_STRING) {
+                if (type1->elsize > type2->elsize) {
+                    return ensure_dtype_nbo(type1);
+                }
+                else {
+                    return ensure_dtype_nbo(type2);
+                }
+            }
+            else if (type_num2 == NPY_UNICODE) {
+                if (type2->elsize >= type1->elsize * 4) {
+                    return ensure_dtype_nbo(type2);
+                }
+                else {
+                    PyArray_Descr *d = PyArray_DescrNewFromType(NPY_UNICODE);
+                    if (d == NULL) {
+                        return NULL;
+                    }
+                    d->elsize = type1->elsize * 4;
+                    return d;
+                }
+            }
+            /* Allow NUMBER -> STRING */
+            else if (PyTypeNum_ISNUMBER(type_num2)) {
+                PyArray_Descr *ret = NULL;
+                PyArray_Descr *temp = PyArray_DescrNew(type1);
+                temp->elsize = 0;
+                PyArray_AdaptFlexibleDType(NULL, type2, &temp);
+                if (temp->elsize > type1->elsize) {
+                    ret = ensure_dtype_nbo(temp);
+                }
+                else {
+                    ret = ensure_dtype_nbo(type1);
+                }
+                Py_DECREF(temp);
+                return ret;
+            }
+            break;
+        case NPY_UNICODE:
+            if (type_num2 == NPY_UNICODE) {
+                if (type1->elsize > type2->elsize) {
+                    return ensure_dtype_nbo(type1);
+                }
+                else {
+                    return ensure_dtype_nbo(type2);
+                }
+            }
+            else if (type_num2 == NPY_STRING) {
+                if (type1->elsize >= type2->elsize * 4) {
+                    return ensure_dtype_nbo(type1);
+                }
+                else {
+                    PyArray_Descr *d = PyArray_DescrNewFromType(NPY_UNICODE);
+                    if (d == NULL) {
+                        return NULL;
+                    }
+                    d->elsize = type2->elsize * 4;
+                    return d;
+                }
+            }
+            /* Allow NUMBER -> UNICODE */
+            else if (PyTypeNum_ISNUMBER(type_num2)) {
+                PyArray_Descr *ret = NULL;
+                PyArray_Descr *temp = PyArray_DescrNew(type1);
+                temp->elsize = 0;
+                PyArray_AdaptFlexibleDType(NULL, type2, &temp);
+                if (temp->elsize > type1->elsize) {
+                    ret = ensure_dtype_nbo(temp);
+                }
+                else {
+                    ret = ensure_dtype_nbo(type1);
+                }
+                Py_DECREF(temp);
+                return ret;
+            }
+            break;
+        case NPY_DATETIME:
+        case NPY_TIMEDELTA:
+            if (type_num2 == NPY_DATETIME || type_num2 == NPY_TIMEDELTA) {
+                return datetime_type_promotion(type1, type2);
+            }
+            break;
+    }
+
+    switch (type_num2) {
+        /* BOOL can convert to almost anything */
+        case NPY_BOOL:
+            if (type_num2 == NPY_STRING || type_num2 == NPY_UNICODE) {
+                int char_size = 1;
+                if (type_num2 == NPY_UNICODE) {
+                    char_size = 4;
+                }
+                if (type2->elsize < 5 * char_size) {
+                    PyArray_Descr *ret = NULL;
+                    PyArray_Descr *temp = PyArray_DescrNew(type2);
+                    ret = ensure_dtype_nbo(temp);
+                    ret->elsize = 5 * char_size;
+                    Py_DECREF(temp);
+                    return ret;
+                }
+                return ensure_dtype_nbo(type2);
+            }
+            else if (type_num1 != NPY_DATETIME && type_num1 != NPY_TIMEDELTA &&
+                                    type_num1 != NPY_VOID) {
+                return ensure_dtype_nbo(type1);
+            }
+            break;
+        case NPY_STRING:
+            /* Allow NUMBER -> STRING */
+            if (PyTypeNum_ISNUMBER(type_num1)) {
+                PyArray_Descr *ret = NULL;
+                PyArray_Descr *temp = PyArray_DescrNew(type2);
+                temp->elsize = 0;
+                PyArray_AdaptFlexibleDType(NULL, type1, &temp);
+                if (temp->elsize > type2->elsize) {
+                    ret = ensure_dtype_nbo(temp);
+                }
+                else {
+                    ret = ensure_dtype_nbo(type2);
+                }
+                Py_DECREF(temp);
+                return ret;
+            }
+            break;
+        case NPY_UNICODE:
+            /* Allow NUMBER -> UNICODE */
+            if (PyTypeNum_ISNUMBER(type_num1)) {
+                PyArray_Descr *ret = NULL;
+                PyArray_Descr *temp = PyArray_DescrNew(type2);
+                temp->elsize = 0;
+                PyArray_AdaptFlexibleDType(NULL, type1, &temp);
+                if (temp->elsize > type2->elsize) {
+                    ret = ensure_dtype_nbo(temp);
+                }
+                else {
+                    ret = ensure_dtype_nbo(type2);
+                }
+                Py_DECREF(temp);
+                return ret;
+            }
+            break;
+        case NPY_TIMEDELTA:
+            if (PyTypeNum_ISINTEGER(type_num1) ||
+                            PyTypeNum_ISFLOAT(type_num1)) {
+                return ensure_dtype_nbo(type2);
+            }
+            break;
+    }
+
+    /* For types equivalent up to endianness, can return either */
+    if (PyArray_CanCastTypeTo(type1, type2, NPY_EQUIV_CASTING)) {
+        return ensure_dtype_nbo(type1);
+    }
+
+    /* TODO: Also combine fields, subarrays, strings, etc */
+
+    /*
+    printf("invalid type promotion: ");
+    PyObject_Print(type1, stdout, 0);
+    printf(" ");
+    PyObject_Print(type2, stdout, 0);
+    printf("\n");
+    */
+    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "invalid type promotion");
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * NOTE: While this is unlikely to be a performance problem, if
+ *       it is it could be reverted to a simple positive/negative
+ *       check as the previous system used.
+ *
+ * The is_small_unsigned output flag indicates whether it's an unsigned integer,
+ * and would fit in a signed integer of the same bit size.
+ */
+static int min_scalar_type_num(char *valueptr, int type_num,
+                                            int *is_small_unsigned)
+{
+    switch (type_num) {
+        case NPY_BOOL: {
+            return NPY_BOOL;
+        }
+        case NPY_UBYTE: {
+            npy_ubyte value = *(npy_ubyte *)valueptr;
+            if (value <= NPY_MAX_BYTE) {
+                *is_small_unsigned = 1;
+            }
+            return NPY_UBYTE;
+        }
+        case NPY_BYTE: {
+            npy_byte value = *(npy_byte *)valueptr;
+            if (value >= 0) {
+                *is_small_unsigned = 1;
+                return NPY_UBYTE;
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+        case NPY_USHORT: {
+            npy_ushort value = *(npy_ushort *)valueptr;
+            if (value <= NPY_MAX_UBYTE) {
+                if (value <= NPY_MAX_BYTE) {
+                    *is_small_unsigned = 1;
+                }
+                return NPY_UBYTE;
+            }
+
+            if (value <= NPY_MAX_SHORT) {
+                *is_small_unsigned = 1;
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+        case NPY_SHORT: {
+            npy_short value = *(npy_short *)valueptr;
+            if (value >= 0) {
+                return min_scalar_type_num(valueptr, NPY_USHORT, is_small_unsigned);
+            }
+            else if (value >= NPY_MIN_BYTE) {
+                return NPY_BYTE;
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+#if NPY_SIZEOF_LONG == NPY_SIZEOF_INT
+        case NPY_ULONG:
+#endif
+        case NPY_UINT: {
+            npy_uint value = *(npy_uint *)valueptr;
+            if (value <= NPY_MAX_UBYTE) {
+                if (value < NPY_MAX_BYTE) {
+                    *is_small_unsigned = 1;
+                }
+                return NPY_UBYTE;
+            }
+            else if (value <= NPY_MAX_USHORT) {
+                if (value <= NPY_MAX_SHORT) {
+                    *is_small_unsigned = 1;
+                }
+                return NPY_USHORT;
+            }
+
+            if (value <= NPY_MAX_INT) {
+                *is_small_unsigned = 1;
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+#if NPY_SIZEOF_LONG == NPY_SIZEOF_INT
+        case NPY_LONG:
+#endif
+        case NPY_INT: {
+            npy_int value = *(npy_int *)valueptr;
+            if (value >= 0) {
+                return min_scalar_type_num(valueptr, NPY_UINT, is_small_unsigned);
+            }
+            else if (value >= NPY_MIN_BYTE) {
+                return NPY_BYTE;
+            }
+            else if (value >= NPY_MIN_SHORT) {
+                return NPY_SHORT;
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+#if NPY_SIZEOF_LONG != NPY_SIZEOF_INT && NPY_SIZEOF_LONG != NPY_SIZEOF_LONGLONG
+        case NPY_ULONG: {
+            npy_ulong value = *(npy_ulong *)valueptr;
+            if (value <= NPY_MAX_UBYTE) {
+                if (value <= NPY_MAX_BYTE) {
+                    *is_small_unsigned = 1;
+                }
+                return NPY_UBYTE;
+            }
+            else if (value <= NPY_MAX_USHORT) {
+                if (value <= NPY_MAX_SHORT) {
+                    *is_small_unsigned = 1;
+                }
+                return NPY_USHORT;
+            }
+            else if (value <= NPY_MAX_UINT) {
+                if (value <= NPY_MAX_INT) {
+                    *is_small_unsigned = 1;
+                }
+                return NPY_UINT;
+            }
+
+            if (value <= NPY_MAX_LONG) {
+                *is_small_unsigned = 1;
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+        case NPY_LONG: {
+            npy_long value = *(npy_long *)valueptr;
+            if (value >= 0) {
+                return min_scalar_type_num(valueptr, NPY_ULONG, is_small_unsigned);
+            }
+            else if (value >= NPY_MIN_BYTE) {
+                return NPY_BYTE;
+            }
+            else if (value >= NPY_MIN_SHORT) {
+                return NPY_SHORT;
+            }
+            else if (value >= NPY_MIN_INT) {
+                return NPY_INT;
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+#endif
+#if NPY_SIZEOF_LONG == NPY_SIZEOF_LONGLONG
+        case NPY_ULONG:
+#endif
+        case NPY_ULONGLONG: {
+            npy_ulonglong value = *(npy_ulonglong *)valueptr;
+            if (value <= NPY_MAX_UBYTE) {
+                if (value <= NPY_MAX_BYTE) {
+                    *is_small_unsigned = 1;
+                }
+                return NPY_UBYTE;
+            }
+            else if (value <= NPY_MAX_USHORT) {
+                if (value <= NPY_MAX_SHORT) {
+                    *is_small_unsigned = 1;
+                }
+                return NPY_USHORT;
+            }
+            else if (value <= NPY_MAX_UINT) {
+                if (value <= NPY_MAX_INT) {
+                    *is_small_unsigned = 1;
+                }
+                return NPY_UINT;
+            }
+#if NPY_SIZEOF_LONG != NPY_SIZEOF_INT && NPY_SIZEOF_LONG != NPY_SIZEOF_LONGLONG
+            else if (value <= NPY_MAX_ULONG) {
+                if (value <= NPY_MAX_LONG) {
+                    *is_small_unsigned = 1;
+                }
+                return NPY_ULONG;
+            }
+#endif
+
+            if (value <= NPY_MAX_LONGLONG) {
+                *is_small_unsigned = 1;
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+#if NPY_SIZEOF_LONG == NPY_SIZEOF_LONGLONG
+        case NPY_LONG:
+#endif
+        case NPY_LONGLONG: {
+            npy_longlong value = *(npy_longlong *)valueptr;
+            if (value >= 0) {
+                return min_scalar_type_num(valueptr, NPY_ULONGLONG, is_small_unsigned);
+            }
+            else if (value >= NPY_MIN_BYTE) {
+                return NPY_BYTE;
+            }
+            else if (value >= NPY_MIN_SHORT) {
+                return NPY_SHORT;
+            }
+            else if (value >= NPY_MIN_INT) {
+                return NPY_INT;
+            }
+#if NPY_SIZEOF_LONG != NPY_SIZEOF_INT && NPY_SIZEOF_LONG != NPY_SIZEOF_LONGLONG
+            else if (value >= NPY_MIN_LONG) {
+                return NPY_LONG;
+            }
+#endif
+            break;
+        }
+        /*
+         * Float types aren't allowed to be demoted to integer types,
+         * but precision loss is allowed.
+         */
+        case NPY_HALF: {
+            return NPY_HALF;
+        }
+        case NPY_FLOAT: {
+            float value = *(float *)valueptr;
+            if ((value > -65000 && value < 65000) || !npy_isfinite(value)) {
+                return NPY_HALF;
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+        case NPY_DOUBLE: {
+            double value = *(double *)valueptr;
+            if ((value > -65000 && value < 65000) || !npy_isfinite(value)) {
+                return NPY_HALF;
+            }
+            else if (value > -3.4e38 && value < 3.4e38) {
+                return NPY_FLOAT;
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+        case NPY_LONGDOUBLE: {
+            npy_longdouble value = *(npy_longdouble *)valueptr;
+            if ((value > -65000 && value < 65000) || !npy_isfinite(value)) {
+                return NPY_HALF;
+            }
+            else if (value > -3.4e38 && value < 3.4e38) {
+                return NPY_FLOAT;
+            }
+            else if (value > -1.7e308 && value < 1.7e308) {
+                return NPY_DOUBLE;
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+        /*
+         * The code to demote complex to float is disabled for now,
+         * as forcing complex by adding 0j is probably desireable.
+         */
+        case NPY_CFLOAT: {
+            /*
+            npy_cfloat value = *(npy_cfloat *)valueptr;
+            if (value.imag == 0) {
+                return min_scalar_type_num((char *)&value.real,
+                                            NPY_FLOAT, is_small_unsigned);
+            }
+            */
+            break;
+        }
+        case NPY_CDOUBLE: {
+            npy_cdouble value = *(npy_cdouble *)valueptr;
+            /*
+            if (value.imag == 0) {
+                return min_scalar_type_num((char *)&value.real,
+                                            NPY_DOUBLE, is_small_unsigned);
+            }
+            */
+            if (value.real > -3.4e38 && value.real < 3.4e38 &&
+                     value.imag > -3.4e38 && value.imag < 3.4e38) {
+                return NPY_CFLOAT;
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+        case NPY_CLONGDOUBLE: {
+            npy_clongdouble value = *(npy_clongdouble *)valueptr;
+            /*
+            if (value.imag == 0) {
+                return min_scalar_type_num((char *)&value.real,
+                                            NPY_LONGDOUBLE, is_small_unsigned);
+            }
+            */
+            if (value.real > -3.4e38 && value.real < 3.4e38 &&
+                     value.imag > -3.4e38 && value.imag < 3.4e38) {
+                return NPY_CFLOAT;
+            }
+            else if (value.real > -1.7e308 && value.real < 1.7e308 &&
+                     value.imag > -1.7e308 && value.imag < 1.7e308) {
+                return NPY_CDOUBLE;
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return type_num;
+}
+
+/*NUMPY_API
+ * If arr is a scalar (has 0 dimensions) with a built-in number data type,
+ * finds the smallest type size/kind which can still represent its data.
+ * Otherwise, returns the array's data type.
+ *
+ */
+NPY_NO_EXPORT PyArray_Descr *
+PyArray_MinScalarType(PyArrayObject *arr)
+{
+    PyArray_Descr *dtype = PyArray_DESCR(arr);
+    /*
+     * If the array isn't a numeric scalar, just return the array's dtype.
+     */
+    if (PyArray_NDIM(arr) > 0 || !PyTypeNum_ISNUMBER(dtype->type_num)) {
+        Py_INCREF(dtype);
+        return dtype;
+    }
+    else {
+        char *data = PyArray_BYTES(arr);
+        int swap = !PyArray_ISNBO(dtype->byteorder);
+        int is_small_unsigned = 0;
+        /* An aligned memory buffer large enough to hold any type */
+        npy_longlong value[4];
+        dtype->f->copyswap(&value, data, swap, NULL);
+
+        return PyArray_DescrFromType(
+                        min_scalar_type_num((char *)&value,
+                                dtype->type_num, &is_small_unsigned));
+
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Provides an ordering for the dtype 'kind' character codes, to help
+ * determine when to use the min_scalar_type function. This groups
+ * 'kind' into boolean, integer, floating point, and everything else.
+ */
+static int
+dtype_kind_to_simplified_ordering(char kind)
+{
+    switch (kind) {
+        /* Boolean kind */
+        case 'b':
+            return 0;
+        /* Unsigned int kind */
+        case 'u':
+        /* Signed int kind */
+        case 'i':
+            return 1;
+        /* Float kind */
+        case 'f':
+        /* Complex kind */
+        case 'c':
+            return 2;
+        /* Anything else */
+        default:
+            return 3;
+    }
+}
+
+/*NUMPY_API
+ * Produces the result type of a bunch of inputs, using the UFunc
+ * type promotion rules. Use this function when you have a set of
+ * input arrays, and need to determine an output array dtype.
+ *
+ * If all the inputs are scalars (have 0 dimensions) or the maximum "kind"
+ * of the scalars is greater than the maximum "kind" of the arrays, does
+ * a regular type promotion.
+ *
+ * Otherwise, does a type promotion on the MinScalarType
+ * of all the inputs.  Data types passed directly are treated as array
+ * types.
+ *
+ */
+NPY_NO_EXPORT PyArray_Descr *
+PyArray_ResultType(npy_intp narrs, PyArrayObject **arr,
+                    npy_intp ndtypes, PyArray_Descr **dtypes)
+{
+    npy_intp i;
+    int use_min_scalar = 0;
+    PyArray_Descr *ret = NULL, *tmpret;
+    int ret_is_small_unsigned = 0;
+
+    /* If there's just one type, pass it through */
+    if (narrs + ndtypes == 1) {
+        if (narrs == 1) {
+            ret = PyArray_DESCR(arr[0]);
+        }
+        else {
+            ret = dtypes[0];
+        }
+        Py_INCREF(ret);
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Determine if there are any scalars, and if so, whether
+     * the maximum "kind" of the scalars surpasses the maximum
+     * "kind" of the arrays
+     */
+    if (narrs > 0) {
+        int all_scalars, max_scalar_kind = -1, max_array_kind = -1;
+        int kind;
+
+        all_scalars = (ndtypes > 0) ? 0 : 1;
+
+        /* Compute the maximum "kinds" and whether everything is scalar */
+        for (i = 0; i < narrs; ++i) {
+            if (PyArray_NDIM(arr[i]) == 0) {
+                kind = dtype_kind_to_simplified_ordering(
+                                    PyArray_DESCR(arr[i])->kind);
+                if (kind > max_scalar_kind) {
+                    max_scalar_kind = kind;
+                }
+            }
+            else {
+                all_scalars = 0;
+                kind = dtype_kind_to_simplified_ordering(
+                                    PyArray_DESCR(arr[i])->kind);
+                if (kind > max_array_kind) {
+                    max_array_kind = kind;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        /*
+         * If the max scalar kind is bigger than the max array kind,
+         * finish computing the max array kind
+         */
+        for (i = 0; i < ndtypes; ++i) {
+            kind = dtype_kind_to_simplified_ordering(dtypes[i]->kind);
+            if (kind > max_array_kind) {
+                max_array_kind = kind;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /* Indicate whether to use the min_scalar_type function */
+        if (!all_scalars && max_array_kind >= max_scalar_kind) {
+            use_min_scalar = 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Loop through all the types, promoting them */
+    if (!use_min_scalar) {
+        for (i = 0; i < narrs; ++i) {
+            PyArray_Descr *tmp = PyArray_DESCR(arr[i]);
+            /* Combine it with the existing type */
+            if (ret == NULL) {
+                ret = tmp;
+                Py_INCREF(ret);
+            }
+            else {
+                /* Only call promote if the types aren't the same dtype */
+                if (tmp != ret || !PyArray_ISNBO(ret->byteorder)) {
+                    tmpret = PyArray_PromoteTypes(tmp, ret);
+                    Py_DECREF(ret);
+                    ret = tmpret;
+                    if (ret == NULL) {
+                        return NULL;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (i = 0; i < ndtypes; ++i) {
+            PyArray_Descr *tmp = dtypes[i];
+            /* Combine it with the existing type */
+            if (ret == NULL) {
+                ret = tmp;
+                Py_INCREF(ret);
+            }
+            else {
+                /* Only call promote if the types aren't the same dtype */
+                if (tmp != ret || !PyArray_ISNBO(tmp->byteorder)) {
+                    tmpret = PyArray_PromoteTypes(tmp, ret);
+                    Py_DECREF(ret);
+                    ret = tmpret;
+                    if (ret == NULL) {
+                        return NULL;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        for (i = 0; i < narrs; ++i) {
+            /* Get the min scalar type for the array */
+            PyArray_Descr *tmp = PyArray_DESCR(arr[i]);
+            int tmp_is_small_unsigned = 0;
+            /*
+             * If it's a scalar, find the min scalar type. The function
+             * is expanded here so that we can flag whether we've got an
+             * unsigned integer which would fit an a signed integer
+             * of the same size, something not exposed in the public API.
+             */
+            if (PyArray_NDIM(arr[i]) == 0 &&
+                                PyTypeNum_ISNUMBER(tmp->type_num)) {
+                char *data = PyArray_BYTES(arr[i]);
+                int swap = !PyArray_ISNBO(tmp->byteorder);
+                int type_num;
+                /* An aligned memory buffer large enough to hold any type */
+                npy_longlong value[4];
+                tmp->f->copyswap(&value, data, swap, NULL);
+                type_num = min_scalar_type_num((char *)&value,
+                                        tmp->type_num, &tmp_is_small_unsigned);
+                tmp = PyArray_DescrFromType(type_num);
+                if (tmp == NULL) {
+                    Py_XDECREF(ret);
+                    return NULL;
+                }
+            }
+            else {
+                Py_INCREF(tmp);
+            }
+            /* Combine it with the existing type */
+            if (ret == NULL) {
+                ret = tmp;
+                ret_is_small_unsigned = tmp_is_small_unsigned;
+            }
+            else {
+#if 0
+                printf("promoting type ");
+                PyObject_Print(tmp, stdout, 0);
+                printf(" (%d) ", tmp_is_small_unsigned);
+                PyObject_Print(ret, stdout, 0);
+                printf(" (%d) ", ret_is_small_unsigned);
+                printf("\n");
+#endif
+                /* If they point to the same type, don't call promote */
+                if (tmp == ret && PyArray_ISNBO(tmp->byteorder)) {
+                    Py_DECREF(tmp);
+                }
+                else {
+                    tmpret = promote_types(tmp, ret, tmp_is_small_unsigned,
+                                                        ret_is_small_unsigned);
+                    if (tmpret == NULL) {
+                        Py_DECREF(tmp);
+                        Py_DECREF(ret);
+                        return NULL;
+                    }
+                    Py_DECREF(tmp);
+                    Py_DECREF(ret);
+                    ret = tmpret;
+                }
+                ret_is_small_unsigned = tmp_is_small_unsigned &&
+                                        ret_is_small_unsigned;
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (i = 0; i < ndtypes; ++i) {
+            PyArray_Descr *tmp = dtypes[i];
+            /* Combine it with the existing type */
+            if (ret == NULL) {
+                ret = tmp;
+                Py_INCREF(ret);
+            }
+            else {
+                /* Only call promote if the types aren't the same dtype */
+                if (tmp != ret || !PyArray_ISNBO(tmp->byteorder)) {
+                    if (ret_is_small_unsigned) {
+                        tmpret = promote_types(tmp, ret, 0,
+                                                ret_is_small_unsigned);
+                        if (tmpret == NULL) {
+                            Py_DECREF(tmp);
+                            Py_DECREF(ret);
+                            return NULL;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        tmpret = PyArray_PromoteTypes(tmp, ret);
+                    }
+                    Py_DECREF(ret);
+                    ret = tmpret;
+                    if (ret == NULL) {
+                        return NULL;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (ret == NULL) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                "no arrays or types available to calculate result type");
+    }
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+/*NUMPY_API
+ * Is the typenum valid?
+ */
+NPY_NO_EXPORT int
+PyArray_ValidType(int type)
+{
+    PyArray_Descr *descr;
+    int res=NPY_TRUE;
+
+    descr = PyArray_DescrFromType(type);
+    if (descr == NULL) {
+        res = NPY_FALSE;
+    }
+    Py_DECREF(descr);
+    return res;
+}
+
+/* Backward compatibility only */
+/* In both Zero and One
+
+***You must free the memory once you are done with it
+using PyDataMem_FREE(ptr) or you create a memory leak***
+
+If arr is an Object array you are getting a
+BORROWED reference to Zero or One.
+Do not DECREF.
+Please INCREF if you will be hanging on to it.
+
+The memory for the ptr still must be freed in any case;
+*/
+
+static int
+_check_object_rec(PyArray_Descr *descr)
+{
+    if (PyDataType_HASFIELDS(descr) && PyDataType_REFCHK(descr)) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "Not supported for this data-type.");
+        return -1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/*NUMPY_API
+  Get pointer to zero of correct type for array.
+*/
+NPY_NO_EXPORT char *
+PyArray_Zero(PyArrayObject *arr)
+{
+    char *zeroval;
+    int ret, storeflags;
+    PyObject *obj;
+
+    if (_check_object_rec(PyArray_DESCR(arr)) < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    zeroval = PyDataMem_NEW(PyArray_DESCR(arr)->elsize);
+    if (zeroval == NULL) {
+        PyErr_SetNone(PyExc_MemoryError);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    obj=PyInt_FromLong((long) 0);
+    if (PyArray_ISOBJECT(arr)) {
+        memcpy(zeroval, &obj, sizeof(PyObject *));
+        Py_DECREF(obj);
+        return zeroval;
+    }
+    storeflags = PyArray_FLAGS(arr);
+    PyArray_ENABLEFLAGS(arr, NPY_ARRAY_BEHAVED);
+    ret = PyArray_DESCR(arr)->f->setitem(obj, zeroval, arr);
+    ((PyArrayObject_fields *)arr)->flags = storeflags;
+    Py_DECREF(obj);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        PyDataMem_FREE(zeroval);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return zeroval;
+}
+
+/*NUMPY_API
+  Get pointer to one of correct type for array
+*/
+NPY_NO_EXPORT char *
+PyArray_One(PyArrayObject *arr)
+{
+    char *oneval;
+    int ret, storeflags;
+    PyObject *obj;
+
+    if (_check_object_rec(PyArray_DESCR(arr)) < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    oneval = PyDataMem_NEW(PyArray_DESCR(arr)->elsize);
+    if (oneval == NULL) {
+        PyErr_SetNone(PyExc_MemoryError);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    obj = PyInt_FromLong((long) 1);
+    if (PyArray_ISOBJECT(arr)) {
+        memcpy(oneval, &obj, sizeof(PyObject *));
+        Py_DECREF(obj);
+        return oneval;
+    }
+
+    storeflags = PyArray_FLAGS(arr);
+    PyArray_ENABLEFLAGS(arr, NPY_ARRAY_BEHAVED);
+    ret = PyArray_DESCR(arr)->f->setitem(obj, oneval, arr);
+    ((PyArrayObject_fields *)arr)->flags = storeflags;
+    Py_DECREF(obj);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        PyDataMem_FREE(oneval);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return oneval;
+}
+
+/* End deprecated */
+
+/*NUMPY_API
+ * Return the typecode of the array a Python object would be converted to
+ *
+ * Returns the type number the result should have, or NPY_NOTYPE on error.
+ */
+NPY_NO_EXPORT int
+PyArray_ObjectType(PyObject *op, int minimum_type)
+{
+    PyArray_Descr *dtype = NULL;
+    int ret;
+
+    if (minimum_type != NPY_NOTYPE && minimum_type >= 0) {
+        dtype = PyArray_DescrFromType(minimum_type);
+        if (dtype == NULL) {
+            return NPY_NOTYPE;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (PyArray_DTypeFromObject(op, NPY_MAXDIMS, &dtype) < 0) {
+        return NPY_NOTYPE;
+    }
+
+    if (dtype == NULL) {
+        ret = NPY_DEFAULT_TYPE;
+    }
+    else {
+        ret = dtype->type_num;
+    }
+
+    Py_XDECREF(dtype);
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+/* Raises error when len(op) == 0 */
+
+/*NUMPY_API*/
+NPY_NO_EXPORT PyArrayObject **
+PyArray_ConvertToCommonType(PyObject *op, int *retn)
+{
+    int i, n, allscalars = 0;
+    PyArrayObject **mps = NULL;
+    PyObject *otmp;
+    PyArray_Descr *intype = NULL, *stype = NULL;
+    PyArray_Descr *newtype = NULL;
+    NPY_SCALARKIND scalarkind = NPY_NOSCALAR, intypekind = NPY_NOSCALAR;
+
+    *retn = n = PySequence_Length(op);
+    if (n == 0) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "0-length sequence.");
+    }
+    if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        *retn = 0;
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    mps = (PyArrayObject **)PyDataMem_NEW(n*sizeof(PyArrayObject *));
+    if (mps == NULL) {
+        *retn = 0;
+        return (void*)PyErr_NoMemory();
+    }
+
+    if (PyArray_Check(op)) {
+        for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+            mps[i] = (PyArrayObject *) array_item_asarray((PyArrayObject *)op, i);
+        }
+        if (!PyArray_ISCARRAY((PyArrayObject *)op)) {
+            for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+                PyObject *obj;
+                obj = PyArray_NewCopy(mps[i], NPY_CORDER);
+                Py_DECREF(mps[i]);
+                mps[i] = (PyArrayObject *)obj;
+            }
+        }
+        return mps;
+    }
+
+    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        mps[i] = NULL;
+    }
+
+    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        otmp = PySequence_GetItem(op, i);
+        if (!PyArray_CheckAnyScalar(otmp)) {
+            newtype = PyArray_DescrFromObject(otmp, intype);
+            Py_XDECREF(intype);
+            if (newtype == NULL) {
+                goto fail;
+            }
+            intype = newtype;
+            intypekind = PyArray_ScalarKind(intype->type_num, NULL);
+        }
+        else {
+            newtype = PyArray_DescrFromObject(otmp, stype);
+            Py_XDECREF(stype);
+            if (newtype == NULL) {
+                goto fail;
+            }
+            stype = newtype;
+            scalarkind = PyArray_ScalarKind(newtype->type_num, NULL);
+            mps[i] = (PyArrayObject *)Py_None;
+            Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+        }
+        Py_XDECREF(otmp);
+    }
+    if (intype == NULL) {
+        /* all scalars */
+        allscalars = 1;
+        intype = stype;
+        Py_INCREF(intype);
+        for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+            Py_XDECREF(mps[i]);
+            mps[i] = NULL;
+        }
+    }
+    else if ((stype != NULL) && (intypekind != scalarkind)) {
+        /*
+         * we need to upconvert to type that
+         * handles both intype and stype
+         * also don't forcecast the scalars.
+         */
+        if (!PyArray_CanCoerceScalar(stype->type_num,
+                                     intype->type_num,
+                                     scalarkind)) {
+            newtype = PyArray_PromoteTypes(intype, stype);
+            Py_XDECREF(intype);
+            intype = newtype;
+        }
+        for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+            Py_XDECREF(mps[i]);
+            mps[i] = NULL;
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    /* Make sure all arrays are actual array objects. */
+    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        int flags = NPY_ARRAY_CARRAY;
+
+        if ((otmp = PySequence_GetItem(op, i)) == NULL) {
+            goto fail;
+        }
+        if (!allscalars && ((PyObject *)(mps[i]) == Py_None)) {
+            /* forcecast scalars */
+            flags |= NPY_ARRAY_FORCECAST;
+            Py_DECREF(Py_None);
+        }
+        Py_INCREF(intype);
+        mps[i] = (PyArrayObject*)
+            PyArray_FromAny(otmp, intype, 0, 0, flags, NULL);
+        Py_DECREF(otmp);
+        if (mps[i] == NULL) {
+            goto fail;
+        }
+    }
+    Py_DECREF(intype);
+    Py_XDECREF(stype);
+    return mps;
+
+ fail:
+    Py_XDECREF(intype);
+    Py_XDECREF(stype);
+    *retn = 0;
+    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        Py_XDECREF(mps[i]);
+    }
+    PyDataMem_FREE(mps);
+    return NULL;
+}