brainstate 0.0.2.post20241009__py2.py3-none-any.whl → 0.1.0__py2.py3-none-any.whl

brainstate/environ.py

@@ -1,29 +1,47 @@
+# Copyright 2024 BDP Ecosystem Limited. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+# ==============================================================================
+
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
+from __future__ import annotations
 
 import contextlib
+import dataclasses
 import functools
 import os
 import re
+import threading
 from collections import defaultdict
-from typing import Any, Callable
+from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Hashable
 
 import numpy as np
 from jax import config, devices, numpy as jnp
-from jax._src.typing import DTypeLike
+from jax.typing import DTypeLike
 
 from .mixin import Mode
-from .util import MemScaling, IdMemScaling
+from .util import MemScaling
 
 __all__ = [
-  # functions for environment settings
-  'set', 'context', 'get', 'all', 'set_host_device_count', 'set_platform',
-  # functions for getting default behaviors
-  'get_host_device_count', 'get_platform', 'get_dt', 'get_mode', 'get_mem_scaling', 'get_precision',
-  # functions for default data types
-  'dftype', 'ditype', 'dutype', 'dctype',
-  # others
-  'tolerance', 'register_default_behavior',
+    # functions for environment settings
+    'set', 'context', 'get', 'all', 'set_host_device_count', 'set_platform',
+    # functions for getting default behaviors
+    'get_host_device_count', 'get_platform', 'get_dt', 'get_mode', 'get_mem_scaling', 'get_precision',
+    # functions for default data types
+    'dftype', 'ditype', 'dutype', 'dctype',
+    # others
+    'tolerance', 'register_default_behavior',
 ]
 
 # Default, there are several shared arguments in the global context.
@@ -32,196 +50,205 @@ T = 't'  # the current time of the current computation.
 JIT_ERROR_CHECK = 'jit_error_check'  # whether to record the current computation.
 FIT = 'fit'  # whether to fit the model.
 
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass
+class DefaultContext(threading.local):
+    # default environment settings
+    settings: Dict[Hashable, Any] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=dict)
+    # current environment settings
+    contexts: defaultdict[Hashable, Any] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=lambda: defaultdict(list))
+    # environment functions
+    functions: Dict[Hashable, Any] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=dict)
+
+
+DFAULT = DefaultContext()
 _NOT_PROVIDE = object()
-_environment_defaults = dict()  # default environment settings
-_environment_contexts = defaultdict(list)  # current environment settings
-_environment_functions = dict()  # environment functions
 
 
 @contextlib.contextmanager
 def context(**kwargs):
-  r"""
-  Context-manager that sets a computing environment for brain dynamics computation.
-
-  In BrainPy, there are several basic computation settings when constructing models,
-  including ``mode`` for controlling model computing behavior, ``dt`` for numerical
-  integration, ``int_`` for integer precision, and ``float_`` for floating precision.
-  :py:class:`~.environment`` provides a context for model construction and
-  computation. In this temporal environment, models are constructed with the given
-  ``mode``, ``dt``, ``int_``, etc., environment settings.
-
-  For instance::
-
-  >>> import brainstate as bst
-  >>> with bst.environ.context(dt=0.1) as env:
-  ...     dt = bst.environ.get('dt')
-  ...     print(env)
-
-  """
-  if 'platform' in kwargs:
-    raise ValueError('\n'
-                     'Cannot set platform in "context" environment. \n'
-                     'You should set platform in the global environment by "set_platform()" or "set()".')
-  if 'host_device_count' in kwargs:
-    raise ValueError('Cannot set host_device_count in environment context. '
-                     'Please use set_host_device_count() or set() for the global setting.')
-
-  if 'precision' in kwargs:
-    last_precision = get_precision()
-    _set_jax_precision(kwargs['precision'])
-
-  try:
-    for k, v in kwargs.items():
+    r"""
+    Context-manager that sets a computing environment for brain dynamics computation.
+
+    In BrainPy, there are several basic computation settings when constructing models,
+    including ``mode`` for controlling model computing behavior, ``dt`` for numerical
+    integration, ``int_`` for integer precision, and ``float_`` for floating precision.
+    :py:class:`~.environment`` provides a context for model construction and
+    computation. In this temporal environment, models are constructed with the given
+    ``mode``, ``dt``, ``int_``, etc., environment settings.
+
+    For instance::
+
+    >>> import brainstate as bst
+    >>> with bst.environ.context(dt=0.1) as env:
+    ...     dt = bst.environ.get('dt')
+    ...     print(env)
+
+    """
+    if 'platform' in kwargs:
+        raise ValueError('\n'
+                         'Cannot set platform in "context" environment. \n'
+                         'You should set platform in the global environment by "set_platform()" or "set()".')
+    if 'host_device_count' in kwargs:
+        raise ValueError('Cannot set host_device_count in environment context. '
+                         'Please use set_host_device_count() or set() for the global setting.')
 
-      # update the current environment
-      _environment_contexts[k].append(v)
+    if 'precision' in kwargs:
+        last_precision = get_precision()
+        _set_jax_precision(kwargs['precision'])
 
-      # restore the environment functions
-      if k in _environment_functions:
-        _environment_functions[k](v)
+    try:
+        for k, v in kwargs.items():
 
-    # yield the current all environment information
-    yield all()
-  finally:
+            # update the current environment
+            DFAULT.contexts[k].append(v)
 
-    for k, v in kwargs.items():
+            # restore the environment functions
+            if k in DFAULT.functions:
+                DFAULT.functions[k](v)
 
-      # restore the current environment
-      _environment_contexts[k].pop()
+        # yield the current all environment information
+        yield all()
+    finally:
 
-      # restore the environment functions
-      if k in _environment_functions:
-        _environment_functions[k](get(k))
+        for k, v in kwargs.items():
 
-    if 'precision' in kwargs:
-      _set_jax_precision(last_precision)
+            # restore the current environment
+            DFAULT.contexts[k].pop()
+
+            # restore the environment functions
+            if k in DFAULT.functions:
+                DFAULT.functions[k](get(k))
+
+        if 'precision' in kwargs:
+            _set_jax_precision(last_precision)
 
 
 def get(key: str, default: Any = _NOT_PROVIDE, desc: str = None):
-  """
-  Get one of the default computation environment.
-
-  Returns
-  -------
-  item: Any
-    The default computation environment.
-  """
-  if key == 'platform':
-    return get_platform()
-
-  if key == 'host_device_count':
-    return get_host_device_count()
-
-  if key in _environment_contexts:
-    if len(_environment_contexts[key]) > 0:
-      return _environment_contexts[key][-1]
-  if key in _environment_defaults:
-    return _environment_defaults[key]
-
-  if default is _NOT_PROVIDE:
-    if desc is not None:
-      raise KeyError(
-        f"'{key}' is not found in the context. \n"
-        f"You can set it by `brainstate.share.context({key}=value)` "
-        f"locally or `brainstate.share.set({key}=value)` globally. \n"
-        f"Description: {desc}"
-      )
-    else:
-      raise KeyError(
-        f"'{key}' is not found in the context. \n"
-        f"You can set it by `brainstate.share.context({key}=value)` "
-        f"locally or `brainstate.share.set({key}=value)` globally."
-      )
-  return default
+    """
+    Get one of the default computation environment.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    item: Any
+      The default computation environment.
+    """
+    if key == 'platform':
+        return get_platform()
+
+    if key == 'host_device_count':
+        return get_host_device_count()
+
+    if key in DFAULT.contexts:
+        if len(DFAULT.contexts[key]) > 0:
+            return DFAULT.contexts[key][-1]
+    if key in DFAULT.settings:
+        return DFAULT.settings[key]
+
+    if default is _NOT_PROVIDE:
+        if desc is not None:
+            raise KeyError(
+                f"'{key}' is not found in the context. \n"
+                f"You can set it by `brainstate.share.context({key}=value)` "
+                f"locally or `brainstate.share.set({key}=value)` globally. \n"
+                f"Description: {desc}"
+            )
+        else:
+            raise KeyError(
+                f"'{key}' is not found in the context. \n"
+                f"You can set it by `brainstate.share.context({key}=value)` "
+                f"locally or `brainstate.share.set({key}=value)` globally."
+            )
+    return default
 
 
 def all() -> dict:
-  """
-  Get all the current default computation environment.
-
-  Returns
-  -------
-  r: dict
-    The current default computation environment.
-  """
-  r = dict()
-  for k, v in _environment_contexts.items():
-    if v:
-      r[k] = v[-1]
-  for k, v in _environment_defaults.items():
-    if k not in r:
-      r[k] = v
-  return r
+    """
+    Get all the current default computation environment.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    r: dict
+      The current default computation environment.
+    """
+    r = dict()
+    for k, v in DFAULT.contexts.items():
+        if v:
+            r[k] = v[-1]
+    for k, v in DFAULT.settings.items():
+        if k not in r:
+            r[k] = v
+    return r
 
 
 def get_dt():
-  """Get the numerical integrator precision.
+    """Get the numerical integrator precision.
 
-  Returns
-  -------
-  dt : float
-      Numerical integration precision.
-  """
-  return get('dt')
+    Returns
+    -------
+    dt : float
+        Numerical integration precision.
+    """
+    return get('dt')
 
 
 def get_mode() -> Mode:
-  """Get the default computing mode.
+    """Get the default computing mode.
 
-  References
-  ----------
-  mode: Mode
-    The default computing mode.
-  """
-  return get('mode')
+    References
+    ----------
+    mode: Mode
+      The default computing mode.
+    """
+    return get('mode')
 
 
 def get_mem_scaling() -> MemScaling:
-  """Get the default computing membrane_scaling.
+    """Get the default computing membrane_scaling.
 
-  Returns
-  -------
-  membrane_scaling: MemScaling
-    The default computing membrane_scaling.
-  """
-  return get('mem_scaling')
+    Returns
+    -------
+    membrane_scaling: MemScaling
+      The default computing membrane_scaling.
+    """
+    return get('mem_scaling')
 
 
 def get_platform() -> str:
-  """Get the computing platform.
+    """Get the computing platform.
 
-  Returns
-  -------
-  platform: str
-    Either 'cpu', 'gpu' or 'tpu'.
-  """
-  return devices()[0].platform
+    Returns
+    -------
+    platform: str
+      Either 'cpu', 'gpu' or 'tpu'.
+    """
+    return devices()[0].platform
 
 
 def get_host_device_count():
-  """
-  Get the number of host devices.
+    """
+    Get the number of host devices.
 
-  Returns
-  -------
-  n: int
-    The number of host devices.
-  """
-  xla_flags = os.getenv("XLA_FLAGS", "")
-  match = re.search(r"--xla_force_host_platform_device_count=(\d+)", xla_flags)
-  return int(match.group(1)) if match else 1
+    Returns
+    -------
+    n: int
+      The number of host devices.
+    """
+    xla_flags = os.getenv("XLA_FLAGS", "")
+    match = re.search(r"--xla_force_host_platform_device_count=(\d+)", xla_flags)
+    return int(match.group(1)) if match else 1
 
 
 def get_precision() -> int:
-  """
-  Get the default precision.
+    """
+    Get the default precision.
 
-  Returns
-  -------
-  precision: int
-    The default precision.
-  """
-  return get('precision')
+    Returns
+    -------
+    precision: int
+      The default precision.
+    """
+    return get('precision')
 
 
 def set(
@@ -232,300 +259,300 @@ def set(
     mode: Mode = None,
     **kwargs
 ):
-  """
-  Set the global default computation environment.
-
-
-
-  Args:
-    platform: str. The computing platform. Either 'cpu', 'gpu' or 'tpu'.
-    host_device_count: int. The number of host devices.
-    mem_scaling: MemScaling. The membrane scaling.
-    precision: int. The default precision.
-    mode: Mode. The computing mode.
-    **kwargs: dict. Other environment settings.
-  """
-  if platform is not None:
-    set_platform(platform)
-  if host_device_count is not None:
-    set_host_device_count(host_device_count)
-  if mem_scaling is not None:
-    assert isinstance(mem_scaling, MemScaling), 'mem_scaling must be a MemScaling instance.'
-    kwargs['mem_scaling'] = mem_scaling
-  if precision is not None:
-    _set_jax_precision(precision)
-    kwargs['precision'] = precision
-  if mode is not None:
-    assert isinstance(mode, Mode), 'mode must be a Mode instance.'
-    kwargs['mode'] = mode
-
-  # set default environment
-  _environment_defaults.update(kwargs)
-
-  # update the environment functions
-  for k, v in kwargs.items():
-    if k in _environment_functions:
-      _environment_functions[k](v)
+    """
+    Set the global default computation environment.
+
+
+
+    Args:
+      platform: str. The computing platform. Either 'cpu', 'gpu' or 'tpu'.
+      host_device_count: int. The number of host devices.
+      mem_scaling: MemScaling. The membrane scaling.
+      precision: int. The default precision.
+      mode: Mode. The computing mode.
+      **kwargs: dict. Other environment settings.
+    """
+    if platform is not None:
+        set_platform(platform)
+    if host_device_count is not None:
+        set_host_device_count(host_device_count)
+    if mem_scaling is not None:
+        assert isinstance(mem_scaling, MemScaling), 'mem_scaling must be a MemScaling instance.'
+        kwargs['mem_scaling'] = mem_scaling
+    if precision is not None:
+        _set_jax_precision(precision)
+        kwargs['precision'] = precision
+    if mode is not None:
+        assert isinstance(mode, Mode), 'mode must be a Mode instance.'
+        kwargs['mode'] = mode
+
+    # set default environment
+    DFAULT.settings.update(kwargs)
+
+    # update the environment functions
+    for k, v in kwargs.items():
+        if k in DFAULT.functions:
+            DFAULT.functions[k](v)
 
 
 def set_host_device_count(n):
-  """
-  By default, XLA considers all CPU cores as one device. This utility tells XLA
-  that there are `n` host (CPU) devices available to use. As a consequence, this
-  allows parallel mapping in JAX :func:`jax.pmap` to work in CPU platform.
+    """
+    By default, XLA considers all CPU cores as one device. This utility tells XLA
+    that there are `n` host (CPU) devices available to use. As a consequence, this
+    allows parallel mapping in JAX :func:`jax.pmap` to work in CPU platform.
 
-  .. note:: This utility only takes effect at the beginning of your program.
-      Under the hood, this sets the environment variable
-      `XLA_FLAGS=--xla_force_host_platform_device_count=[num_devices]`, where
-      `[num_device]` is the desired number of CPU devices `n`.
+    .. note:: This utility only takes effect at the beginning of your program.
+        Under the hood, this sets the environment variable
+        `XLA_FLAGS=--xla_force_host_platform_device_count=[num_devices]`, where
+        `[num_device]` is the desired number of CPU devices `n`.
 
-  .. warning:: Our understanding of the side effects of using the
-      `xla_force_host_platform_device_count` flag in XLA is incomplete. If you
-      observe some strange phenomenon when using this utility, please let us
-      know through our issue or forum page. More information is available in this
-      `JAX issue <https://github.com/google/jax/issues/1408>`_.
+    .. warning:: Our understanding of the side effects of using the
+        `xla_force_host_platform_device_count` flag in XLA is incomplete. If you
+        observe some strange phenomenon when using this utility, please let us
+        know through our issue or forum page. More information is available in this
+        `JAX issue <https://github.com/google/jax/issues/1408>`_.
 
-  :param int n: number of devices to use.
-  """
-  xla_flags = os.getenv("XLA_FLAGS", "")
-  xla_flags = re.sub(r"--xla_force_host_platform_device_count=\S+", "", xla_flags).split()
-  os.environ["XLA_FLAGS"] = " ".join(["--xla_force_host_platform_device_count={}".format(n)] + xla_flags)
+    :param int n: number of devices to use.
+    """
+    xla_flags = os.getenv("XLA_FLAGS", "")
+    xla_flags = re.sub(r"--xla_force_host_platform_device_count=\S+", "", xla_flags).split()
+    os.environ["XLA_FLAGS"] = " ".join(["--xla_force_host_platform_device_count={}".format(n)] + xla_flags)
 
-  # update the environment functions
-  if 'host_device_count' in _environment_functions:
-    _environment_functions['host_device_count'](n)
+    # update the environment functions
+    if 'host_device_count' in DFAULT.functions:
+        DFAULT.functions['host_device_count'](n)
 
 
 def set_platform(platform: str):
-  """
-  Changes platform to CPU, GPU, or TPU. This utility only takes
-  effect at the beginning of your program.
+    """
+    Changes platform to CPU, GPU, or TPU. This utility only takes
+    effect at the beginning of your program.
 
-  Args:
-    platform: str. The computing platform. Either 'cpu', 'gpu' or 'tpu'.
+    Args:
+      platform: str. The computing platform. Either 'cpu', 'gpu' or 'tpu'.
 
-  Raises:
-    ValueError: If the platform is not in ['cpu', 'gpu', 'tpu'].
-  """
-  assert platform in ['cpu', 'gpu', 'tpu']
-  config.update("jax_platform_name", platform)
+    Raises:
+      ValueError: If the platform is not in ['cpu', 'gpu', 'tpu'].
+    """
+    assert platform in ['cpu', 'gpu', 'tpu']
+    config.update("jax_platform_name", platform)
 
-  # update the environment functions
-  if 'platform' in _environment_functions:
-    _environment_functions['platform'](platform)
+    # update the environment functions
+    if 'platform' in DFAULT.functions:
+        DFAULT.functions['platform'](platform)
 
 
 def _set_jax_precision(precision: int):
-  """
-  Set the default precision.
-
-  Args:
-    precision: int. The default precision.
-  """
-  assert precision in [64, 32, 16, 8], f'Precision must be in [64, 32, 16, 8]. But got {precision}.'
-  if precision == 64:
-    config.update("jax_enable_x64", True)
-  else:
-    config.update("jax_enable_x64", False)
+    """
+    Set the default precision.
+
+    Args:
+      precision: int. The default precision.
+    """
+    assert precision in [64, 32, 16, 8], f'Precision must be in [64, 32, 16, 8]. But got {precision}.'
+    if precision == 64:
+        config.update("jax_enable_x64", True)
+    else:
+        config.update("jax_enable_x64", False)
 
 
 @functools.lru_cache()
 def _get_uint(precision: int):
-  if precision == 64:
-    return np.uint64
-  elif precision == 32:
-    return np.uint32
-  elif precision == 16:
-    return np.uint16
-  elif precision == 8:
-    return np.uint8
-  else:
-    raise ValueError(f'Unsupported precision: {precision}')
+    if precision == 64:
+        return np.uint64
+    elif precision == 32:
+        return np.uint32
+    elif precision == 16:
+        return np.uint16
+    elif precision == 8:
+        return np.uint8
+    else:
+        raise ValueError(f'Unsupported precision: {precision}')
 
 
 @functools.lru_cache()
 def _get_int(precision: int):
-  if precision == 64:
-    return np.int64
-  elif precision == 32:
-    return np.int32
-  elif precision == 16:
-    return np.int16
-  elif precision == 8:
-    return np.int8
-  else:
-    raise ValueError(f'Unsupported precision: {precision}')
+    if precision == 64:
+        return np.int64
+    elif precision == 32:
+        return np.int32
+    elif precision == 16:
+        return np.int16
+    elif precision == 8:
+        return np.int8
+    else:
+        raise ValueError(f'Unsupported precision: {precision}')
 
 
 @functools.lru_cache()
 def _get_float(precision: int):
-  if precision == 64:
-    return np.float64
-  elif precision == 32:
-    return np.float32
-  elif precision == 16:
-    return jnp.bfloat16
-    # return np.float16
-  else:
-    raise ValueError(f'Unsupported precision: {precision}')
+    if precision == 64:
+        return np.float64
+    elif precision == 32:
+        return np.float32
+    elif precision == 16:
+        return jnp.bfloat16
+        # return np.float16
+    else:
+        raise ValueError(f'Unsupported precision: {precision}')
 
 
 @functools.lru_cache()
 def _get_complex(precision: int):
-  if precision == 64:
-    return np.complex128
-  elif precision == 32:
-    return np.complex64
-  elif precision == 16:
-    return np.complex32
-  else:
-    raise ValueError(f'Unsupported precision: {precision}')
+    if precision == 64:
+        return np.complex128
+    elif precision == 32:
+        return np.complex64
+    elif precision == 16:
+        return np.complex32
+    else:
+        raise ValueError(f'Unsupported precision: {precision}')
 
 
 def dftype() -> DTypeLike:
-  """
-  Default floating data type.
+    """
+    Default floating data type.
 
-  This function returns the default floating data type based on the current precision.
-  If you want the data dtype is changed with the setting of the precision by ``brainstate.environ.set(precision)``,
-  you can use this function to get the default floating data type, and create the data by using ``dtype=dftype()``.
+    This function returns the default floating data type based on the current precision.
+    If you want the data dtype is changed with the setting of the precision by ``brainstate.environ.set(precision)``,
+    you can use this function to get the default floating data type, and create the data by using ``dtype=dftype()``.
 
-  For example, if the precision is set to 32, the default floating data type is ``np.float32``.
+    For example, if the precision is set to 32, the default floating data type is ``np.float32``.
 
-  >>> import brainstate as bst
-  >>> import numpy as np
-  >>> with bst.environ.context(precision=32):
-  ...    a = np.zeros(1, dtype=bst.environ.dftype())
-  >>> print(a.dtype)
+    >>> import brainstate as bst
+    >>> import numpy as np
+    >>> with bst.environ.context(precision=32):
+    ...    a = np.zeros(1, dtype=bst.environ.dftype())
+    >>> print(a.dtype)
 
-  Returns
-  -------
-  float_dtype: DTypeLike
-    The default floating data type.
-  """
-  return _get_float(get_precision())
+    Returns
+    -------
+    float_dtype: DTypeLike
+      The default floating data type.
+    """
+    return _get_float(get_precision())
 
 
 def ditype() -> DTypeLike:
-  """
-  Default integer data type.
+    """
+    Default integer data type.
 
-  This function returns the default integer data type based on the current precision.
-  If you want the data dtype is changed with the setting of the precision by ``brainstate.environ.set(precision)``,
-  you can use this function to get the default integer data type, and create the data by using ``dtype=ditype()``.
+    This function returns the default integer data type based on the current precision.
+    If you want the data dtype is changed with the setting of the precision by ``brainstate.environ.set(precision)``,
+    you can use this function to get the default integer data type, and create the data by using ``dtype=ditype()``.
 
-  For example, if the precision is set to 32, the default integer data type is ``np.int32``.
+    For example, if the precision is set to 32, the default integer data type is ``np.int32``.
 
-  >>> import brainstate as bst
-  >>> import numpy as np
-  >>> with bst.environ.context(precision=32):
-  ...    a = np.zeros(1, dtype=bst.environ.ditype())
-  >>> print(a.dtype)
-  int32
+    >>> import brainstate as bst
+    >>> import numpy as np
+    >>> with bst.environ.context(precision=32):
+    ...    a = np.zeros(1, dtype=bst.environ.ditype())
+    >>> print(a.dtype)
+    int32
 
-  Returns
-  -------
-  int_dtype: DTypeLike
-    The default integer data type.
-  """
-  return _get_int(get_precision())
+    Returns
+    -------
+    int_dtype: DTypeLike
+      The default integer data type.
+    """
+    return _get_int(get_precision())
 
 
 def dutype() -> DTypeLike:
-  """
-  Default unsigned integer data type.
+    """
+    Default unsigned integer data type.
 
-  This function returns the default unsigned integer data type based on the current precision.
-  If you want the data dtype is changed with the setting of the precision
-  by ``brainstate.environ.set(precision)``, you can use this function to get the default
-  unsigned integer data type, and create the data by using ``dtype=dutype()``.
+    This function returns the default unsigned integer data type based on the current precision.
+    If you want the data dtype is changed with the setting of the precision
+    by ``brainstate.environ.set(precision)``, you can use this function to get the default
+    unsigned integer data type, and create the data by using ``dtype=dutype()``.
 
-  For example, if the precision is set to 32, the default unsigned integer data type is ``np.uint32``.
+    For example, if the precision is set to 32, the default unsigned integer data type is ``np.uint32``.
 
-  >>> import brainstate as bst
-  >>> import numpy as np
-  >>> with bst.environ.context(precision=32):
-  ...   a = np.zeros(1, dtype=bst.environ.dutype())
-  >>> print(a.dtype)
-  uint32
+    >>> import brainstate as bst
+    >>> import numpy as np
+    >>> with bst.environ.context(precision=32):
+    ...   a = np.zeros(1, dtype=bst.environ.dutype())
+    >>> print(a.dtype)
+    uint32
 
-  Returns
-  -------
-  uint_dtype: DTypeLike
-    The default unsigned integer data type.
-  """
-  return _get_uint(get_precision())
+    Returns
+    -------
+    uint_dtype: DTypeLike
+      The default unsigned integer data type.
+    """
+    return _get_uint(get_precision())
 
 
 def dctype() -> DTypeLike:
-  """
-  Default complex data type.
+    """
+    Default complex data type.
 
-  This function returns the default complex data type based on the current precision.
-  If you want the data dtype is changed with the setting of the precision by ``brainstate.environ.set(precision)``,
-  you can use this function to get the default complex data type, and create the data by using ``dtype=dctype()``.
+    This function returns the default complex data type based on the current precision.
+    If you want the data dtype is changed with the setting of the precision by ``brainstate.environ.set(precision)``,
+    you can use this function to get the default complex data type, and create the data by using ``dtype=dctype()``.
 
-  For example, if the precision is set to 32, the default complex data type is ``np.complex64``.
+    For example, if the precision is set to 32, the default complex data type is ``np.complex64``.
 
-  >>> import brainstate as bst
-  >>> import numpy as np
-  >>> with bst.environ.context(precision=32):
-  ...    a = np.zeros(1, dtype=bst.environ.dctype())
-  >>> print(a.dtype)
-  complex64
+    >>> import brainstate as bst
+    >>> import numpy as np
+    >>> with bst.environ.context(precision=32):
+    ...    a = np.zeros(1, dtype=bst.environ.dctype())
+    >>> print(a.dtype)
+    complex64
 
-  Returns
-  -------
-  complex_dtype: DTypeLike
-    The default complex data type.
-  """
-  return _get_complex(get_precision())
+    Returns
+    -------
+    complex_dtype: DTypeLike
+      The default complex data type.
+    """
+    return _get_complex(get_precision())
 
 
 def tolerance():
-  if get_precision() == 64:
-    return jnp.array(1e-12, dtype=np.float64)
-  elif get_precision() == 32:
-    return jnp.array(1e-5, dtype=np.float32)
-  else:
-    return jnp.array(1e-2, dtype=np.float16)
+    if get_precision() == 64:
+        return jnp.array(1e-12, dtype=np.float64)
+    elif get_precision() == 32:
+        return jnp.array(1e-5, dtype=np.float32)
+    else:
+        return jnp.array(1e-2, dtype=np.float16)
 
 
 def register_default_behavior(key: str, behavior: Callable, replace_if_exist: bool = False):
-  """
-  Register a default behavior for a specific global key parameter.
+    """
+    Register a default behavior for a specific global key parameter.
 
-  For example, you can register a default behavior for the key 'dt' by::
+    For example, you can register a default behavior for the key 'dt' by::
 
-  >>> import brainstate as bst
-  >>> def dt_behavior(dt):
-  ...     print(f'Set the default dt to {dt}.')
-  ...
-  >>> bst.environ.register_default_behavior('dt', dt_behavior)
+    >>> import brainstate as bst
+    >>> def dt_behavior(dt):
+    ...     print(f'Set the default dt to {dt}.')
+    ...
+    >>> bst.environ.register_default_behavior('dt', dt_behavior)
 
-  Then, when you set the default dt by `brainstate.environ.set(dt=0.1)`, the behavior
-  `dt_behavior` will be called with
-  `dt_behavior(0.1)`.
+    Then, when you set the default dt by `brainstate.environ.set(dt=0.1)`, the behavior
+    `dt_behavior` will be called with
+    `dt_behavior(0.1)`.
 
-  >>> bst.environ.set(dt=0.1)
-  Set the default dt to 0.1.
-  >>> with bst.environ.context(dt=0.2):
-  ...     pass
-  Set the default dt to 0.2.
-  Set the default dt to 0.1.
+    >>> bst.environ.set(dt=0.1)
+    Set the default dt to 0.1.
+    >>> with bst.environ.context(dt=0.2):
+    ...     pass
+    Set the default dt to 0.2.
+    Set the default dt to 0.1.
 
 
-  Args:
-    key: str. The key to register.
-    behavior: Callable. The behavior to register. It should be a callable.
-    replace_if_exist: bool. Whether to replace the behavior if the key has been registered.
+    Args:
+      key: str. The key to register.
+      behavior: Callable. The behavior to register. It should be a callable.
+      replace_if_exist: bool. Whether to replace the behavior if the key has been registered.
 
-  """
-  assert isinstance(key, str), 'key must be a string.'
-  assert callable(behavior), 'behavior must be a callable.'
-  if not replace_if_exist:
-    assert key not in _environment_functions, f'{key} has been registered.'
-  _environment_functions[key] = behavior
+    """
+    assert isinstance(key, str), 'key must be a string.'
+    assert callable(behavior), 'behavior must be a callable.'
+    if not replace_if_exist:
+        assert key not in DFAULT.functions, f'{key} has been registered.'
+    DFAULT.functions[key] = behavior
 
 
-set(dt=0.1, precision=32, mode=Mode(), mem_scaling=IdMemScaling())
+set(precision=32)