rocksdb-native 0.0.0

package/vendor/rocksdb/tools/trace_analyzer_tool.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,1929 @@
+//  Copyright (c) 2011-present, Facebook, Inc.  All rights reserved.
+//  This source code is licensed under both the GPLv2 (found in the
+//  COPYING file in the root directory) and Apache 2.0 License
+//  (found in the LICENSE.Apache file in the root directory).
+//
+
+
+#ifdef GFLAGS
+#ifdef NUMA
+#include <numa.h>
+#endif
+#ifndef OS_WIN
+#include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+#include <cinttypes>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <memory>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <stdexcept>
+
+#include "db/db_impl/db_impl.h"
+#include "db/memtable.h"
+#include "db/write_batch_internal.h"
+#include "env/composite_env_wrapper.h"
+#include "file/line_file_reader.h"
+#include "file/writable_file_writer.h"
+#include "options/cf_options.h"
+#include "rocksdb/db.h"
+#include "rocksdb/env.h"
+#include "rocksdb/iterator.h"
+#include "rocksdb/slice.h"
+#include "rocksdb/slice_transform.h"
+#include "rocksdb/status.h"
+#include "rocksdb/table_properties.h"
+#include "rocksdb/utilities/ldb_cmd.h"
+#include "rocksdb/write_batch.h"
+#include "table/meta_blocks.h"
+#include "table/table_reader.h"
+#include "tools/trace_analyzer_tool.h"
+#include "trace_replay/trace_replay.h"
+#include "util/coding.h"
+#include "util/compression.h"
+#include "util/gflags_compat.h"
+#include "util/random.h"
+#include "util/string_util.h"
+
+using GFLAGS_NAMESPACE::ParseCommandLineFlags;
+
+DEFINE_string(trace_path, "", "The trace file path.");
+DEFINE_string(output_dir, "", "The directory to store the output files.");
+DEFINE_string(output_prefix, "trace",
+              "The prefix used for all the output files.");
+DEFINE_bool(output_key_stats, false,
+            "Output the key access count statistics to file\n"
+            "for accessed keys:\n"
+            "file name: <prefix>-<query_type>-<cf_id>-accessed_key_stats.txt\n"
+            "Format:[cf_id value_size access_keyid access_count]\n"
+            "for the whole key space keys:\n"
+            "File name: <prefix>-<query_type>-<cf_id>-whole_key_stats.txt\n"
+            "Format:[whole_key_space_keyid access_count]");
+DEFINE_bool(output_access_count_stats, false,
+            "Output the access count distribution statistics to file.\n"
+            "File name:  <prefix>-<query_type>-<cf_id>-accessed_"
+            "key_count_distribution.txt \n"
+            "Format:[access_count number_of_access_count]");
+DEFINE_bool(output_time_series, false,
+            "Output the access time in second of each key, "
+            "such that we can have the time series data of the queries \n"
+            "File name: <prefix>-<query_type>-<cf_id>-time_series.txt\n"
+            "Format:[type_id time_in_sec access_keyid].");
+DEFINE_bool(try_process_corrupted_trace, false,
+            "In default, trace_analyzer will exit if the trace file is "
+            "corrupted due to the unexpected tracing cases. If this option "
+            "is enabled, trace_analyzer will stop reading the trace file, "
+            "and start analyzing the read-in data.");
+DEFINE_int32(output_prefix_cut, 0,
+             "The number of bytes as prefix to cut the keys.\n"
+             "If it is enabled, it will generate the following:\n"
+             "For accessed keys:\n"
+             "File name: <prefix>-<query_type>-<cf_id>-"
+             "accessed_key_prefix_cut.txt \n"
+             "Format:[acessed_keyid access_count_of_prefix "
+             "number_of_keys_in_prefix average_key_access "
+             "prefix_succ_ratio prefix]\n"
+             "For whole key space keys:\n"
+             "File name: <prefix>-<query_type>-<cf_id>"
+             "-whole_key_prefix_cut.txt\n"
+             "Format:[start_keyid_in_whole_keyspace prefix]\n"
+             "if 'output_qps_stats' and 'top_k' are enabled, it will output:\n"
+             "File name: <prefix>-<query_type>-<cf_id>"
+             "-accessed_top_k_qps_prefix_cut.txt\n"
+             "Format:[the_top_ith_qps_time QPS], [prefix qps_of_this_second].");
+DEFINE_bool(convert_to_human_readable_trace, false,
+            "Convert the binary trace file to a human readable txt file "
+            "for further processing. "
+            "This file will be extremely large "
+            "(similar size as the original binary trace file). "
+            "You can specify 'no_key' to reduce the size, if key is not "
+            "needed in the next step.\n"
+            "File name: <prefix>_human_readable_trace.txt\n"
+            "Format:[<key> type_id cf_id value_size time_in_micorsec].");
+DEFINE_bool(output_qps_stats, false,
+            "Output the query per second(qps) statistics \n"
+            "For the overall qps, it will contain all qps of each query type. "
+            "The time is started from the first trace record\n"
+            "File name: <prefix>_qps_stats.txt\n"
+            "Format: [qps_type_1 qps_type_2 ...... overall_qps]\n"
+            "For each cf and query, it will have its own qps output.\n"
+            "File name: <prefix>-<query_type>-<cf_id>_qps_stats.txt \n"
+            "Format:[query_count_in_this_second].");
+DEFINE_bool(no_print, false, "Do not print out any result");
+DEFINE_string(
+    print_correlation, "",
+    "intput format: [correlation pairs][.,.]\n"
+    "Output the query correlations between the pairs of query types "
+    "listed in the parameter, input should select the operations from:\n"
+    "get, put, delete, single_delete, rangle_delete, merge. No space "
+    "between the pairs separated by commar. Example: =[get,get]... "
+    "It will print out the number of pairs of 'A after B' and "
+    "the average time interval between the two query.");
+DEFINE_string(key_space_dir, "",
+              "<the directory stores full key space files> \n"
+              "The key space files should be: <column family id>.txt");
+DEFINE_bool(analyze_get, false, "Analyze the Get query.");
+DEFINE_bool(analyze_put, false, "Analyze the Put query.");
+DEFINE_bool(analyze_delete, false, "Analyze the Delete query.");
+DEFINE_bool(analyze_single_delete, false, "Analyze the SingleDelete query.");
+DEFINE_bool(analyze_range_delete, false, "Analyze the DeleteRange query.");
+DEFINE_bool(analyze_merge, false, "Analyze the Merge query.");
+DEFINE_bool(analyze_iterator, false,
+            " Analyze the iterate query like Seek() and SeekForPrev().");
+DEFINE_bool(analyze_multiget, false,
+            " Analyze the MultiGet query. NOTE: for"
+            " MultiGet, we analyze each KV-pair read in one MultiGet query. "
+            "Therefore, the total queries and QPS are calculated based on "
+            "the number of KV-pairs being accessed not the number of MultiGet."
+            "It can be improved in the future if needed");
+DEFINE_bool(no_key, false,
+            " Does not output the key to the result files to make smaller.");
+DEFINE_bool(print_overall_stats, true,
+            " Print the stats of the whole trace, "
+            "like total requests, keys, and etc.");
+DEFINE_bool(output_key_distribution, false, "Print the key size distribution.");
+DEFINE_bool(
+    output_value_distribution, false,
+    "Out put the value size distribution, only available for Put and Merge.\n"
+    "File name: <prefix>-<query_type>-<cf_id>"
+    "-accessed_value_size_distribution.txt\n"
+    "Format:[Number_of_value_size_between x and "
+    "x+value_interval is: <the count>]");
+DEFINE_int32(print_top_k_access, 1,
+             "<top K of the variables to be printed> "
+             "Print the top k accessed keys, top k accessed prefix "
+             "and etc.");
+DEFINE_int32(output_ignore_count, 0,
+             "<threshold>, ignores the access count <= this value, "
+             "it will shorter the output.");
+DEFINE_int32(value_interval, 8,
+             "To output the value distribution, we need to set the value "
+             "intervals and make the statistic of the value size distribution "
+             "in different intervals. The default is 8.");
+DEFINE_double(sample_ratio, 1.0,
+              "If the trace size is extremely huge or user want to sample "
+              "the trace when analyzing, sample ratio can be set (0, 1.0]");
+
+namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE {
+
+const size_t kShadowValueSize = 10;
+
+std::map<std::string, int> taOptToIndex = {
+    {"get", 0},           {"put", 1},
+    {"delete", 2},        {"single_delete", 3},
+    {"range_delete", 4},  {"merge", 5},
+    {"iterator_Seek", 6}, {"iterator_SeekForPrev", 7},
+    {"multiget", 8}};
+
+std::map<int, std::string> taIndexToOpt = {
+    {0, "get"},           {1, "put"},
+    {2, "delete"},        {3, "single_delete"},
+    {4, "range_delete"},  {5, "merge"},
+    {6, "iterator_Seek"}, {7, "iterator_SeekForPrev"},
+    {8, "multiget"}};
+
+namespace {
+
+uint64_t MultiplyCheckOverflow(uint64_t op1, uint64_t op2) {
+  if (op1 == 0 || op2 == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  if (std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max() / op1 < op2) {
+    return op1;
+  }
+  return (op1 * op2);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// The default constructor of AnalyzerOptions
+AnalyzerOptions::AnalyzerOptions()
+    : correlation_map(kTaTypeNum, std::vector<int>(kTaTypeNum, -1)) {}
+
+AnalyzerOptions::~AnalyzerOptions() {}
+
+void AnalyzerOptions::SparseCorrelationInput(const std::string& in_str) {
+  std::string cur = in_str;
+  if (cur.size() == 0) {
+    return;
+  }
+  while (!cur.empty()) {
+    if (cur.compare(0, 1, "[") != 0) {
+      fprintf(stderr, "Invalid correlation input: %s\n", in_str.c_str());
+      exit(1);
+    }
+    std::string opt1, opt2;
+    std::size_t split = cur.find_first_of(",");
+    if (split != std::string::npos) {
+      opt1 = cur.substr(1, split - 1);
+    } else {
+      fprintf(stderr, "Invalid correlation input: %s\n", in_str.c_str());
+      exit(1);
+    }
+    std::size_t end = cur.find_first_of("]");
+    if (end != std::string::npos) {
+      opt2 = cur.substr(split + 1, end - split - 1);
+    } else {
+      fprintf(stderr, "Invalid correlation input: %s\n", in_str.c_str());
+      exit(1);
+    }
+    cur = cur.substr(end + 1);
+
+    if (taOptToIndex.find(opt1) != taOptToIndex.end() &&
+        taOptToIndex.find(opt2) != taOptToIndex.end()) {
+      correlation_list.push_back(
+          std::make_pair(taOptToIndex[opt1], taOptToIndex[opt2]));
+    } else {
+      fprintf(stderr, "Invalid correlation input: %s\n", in_str.c_str());
+      exit(1);
+    }
+  }
+
+  int sequence = 0;
+  for (auto& it : correlation_list) {
+    correlation_map[it.first][it.second] = sequence;
+    sequence++;
+  }
+  return;
+}
+
+// The trace statistic struct constructor
+TraceStats::TraceStats() {
+  cf_id = 0;
+  cf_name = "0";
+  a_count = 0;
+  a_key_id = 0;
+  a_key_size_sqsum = 0;
+  a_key_size_sum = 0;
+  a_key_mid = 0;
+  a_value_size_sqsum = 0;
+  a_value_size_sum = 0;
+  a_value_mid = 0;
+  a_peak_qps = 0;
+  a_ave_qps = 0.0;
+}
+
+TraceStats::~TraceStats() {}
+
+// The trace analyzer constructor
+TraceAnalyzer::TraceAnalyzer(std::string& trace_path, std::string& output_path,
+                             AnalyzerOptions _analyzer_opts)
+    : write_batch_ts_(0),
+      trace_name_(trace_path),
+      output_path_(output_path),
+      analyzer_opts_(_analyzer_opts) {
+  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::EnvOptions env_options;
+  env_ = ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::Env::Default();
+  offset_ = 0;
+  total_requests_ = 0;
+  total_access_keys_ = 0;
+  total_gets_ = 0;
+  total_writes_ = 0;
+  total_seeks_ = 0;
+  total_seek_prevs_ = 0;
+  total_multigets_ = 0;
+  trace_create_time_ = 0;
+  begin_time_ = 0;
+  end_time_ = 0;
+  time_series_start_ = 0;
+  cur_time_sec_ = 0;
+  if (FLAGS_sample_ratio > 1.0 || FLAGS_sample_ratio <= 0) {
+    sample_max_ = 1;
+  } else {
+    sample_max_ = static_cast<uint32_t>(1.0 / FLAGS_sample_ratio);
+  }
+
+  ta_.resize(kTaTypeNum);
+  ta_[0].type_name = "get";
+  if (FLAGS_analyze_get) {
+    ta_[0].enabled = true;
+  } else {
+    ta_[0].enabled = false;
+  }
+  ta_[1].type_name = "put";
+  if (FLAGS_analyze_put) {
+    ta_[1].enabled = true;
+  } else {
+    ta_[1].enabled = false;
+  }
+  ta_[2].type_name = "delete";
+  if (FLAGS_analyze_delete) {
+    ta_[2].enabled = true;
+  } else {
+    ta_[2].enabled = false;
+  }
+  ta_[3].type_name = "single_delete";
+  if (FLAGS_analyze_single_delete) {
+    ta_[3].enabled = true;
+  } else {
+    ta_[3].enabled = false;
+  }
+  ta_[4].type_name = "range_delete";
+  if (FLAGS_analyze_range_delete) {
+    ta_[4].enabled = true;
+  } else {
+    ta_[4].enabled = false;
+  }
+  ta_[5].type_name = "merge";
+  if (FLAGS_analyze_merge) {
+    ta_[5].enabled = true;
+  } else {
+    ta_[5].enabled = false;
+  }
+  ta_[6].type_name = "iterator_Seek";
+  if (FLAGS_analyze_iterator) {
+    ta_[6].enabled = true;
+  } else {
+    ta_[6].enabled = false;
+  }
+  ta_[7].type_name = "iterator_SeekForPrev";
+  if (FLAGS_analyze_iterator) {
+    ta_[7].enabled = true;
+  } else {
+    ta_[7].enabled = false;
+  }
+  ta_[8].type_name = "multiget";
+  if (FLAGS_analyze_multiget) {
+    ta_[8].enabled = true;
+  } else {
+    ta_[8].enabled = false;
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < kTaTypeNum; i++) {
+    ta_[i].sample_count = 0;
+  }
+}
+
+TraceAnalyzer::~TraceAnalyzer() {}
+
+// Prepare the processing
+// Initiate the global trace reader and writer here
+Status TraceAnalyzer::PrepareProcessing() {
+  Status s;
+  // Prepare the trace reader
+  if (trace_reader_ == nullptr) {
+    s = NewFileTraceReader(env_, env_options_, trace_name_, &trace_reader_);
+  } else {
+    s = trace_reader_->Reset();
+  }
+  if (!s.ok()) {
+    return s;
+  }
+
+  // Prepare and open the trace sequence file writer if needed
+  if (FLAGS_convert_to_human_readable_trace) {
+    std::string trace_sequence_name;
+    trace_sequence_name =
+        output_path_ + "/" + FLAGS_output_prefix + "-human_readable_trace.txt";
+    s = env_->NewWritableFile(trace_sequence_name, &trace_sequence_f_,
+                              env_options_);
+    if (!s.ok()) {
+      return s;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // prepare the general QPS file writer
+  if (FLAGS_output_qps_stats) {
+    std::string qps_stats_name;
+    qps_stats_name =
+        output_path_ + "/" + FLAGS_output_prefix + "-qps_stats.txt";
+    s = env_->NewWritableFile(qps_stats_name, &qps_f_, env_options_);
+    if (!s.ok()) {
+      return s;
+    }
+
+    qps_stats_name =
+        output_path_ + "/" + FLAGS_output_prefix + "-cf_qps_stats.txt";
+    s = env_->NewWritableFile(qps_stats_name, &cf_qps_f_, env_options_);
+    if (!s.ok()) {
+      return s;
+    }
+  }
+  return Status::OK();
+}
+
+Status TraceAnalyzer::ReadTraceHeader(Trace* header) {
+  assert(header != nullptr);
+  std::string encoded_trace;
+  // Read the trace head
+  Status s = trace_reader_->Read(&encoded_trace);
+  if (!s.ok()) {
+    return s;
+  }
+
+  s = TracerHelper::DecodeTrace(encoded_trace, header);
+
+  if (header->type != kTraceBegin) {
+    return Status::Corruption("Corrupted trace file. Incorrect header.");
+  }
+  if (header->payload.substr(0, kTraceMagic.length()) != kTraceMagic) {
+    return Status::Corruption("Corrupted trace file. Incorrect magic.");
+  }
+
+  return s;
+}
+
+Status TraceAnalyzer::ReadTraceFooter(Trace* footer) {
+  assert(footer != nullptr);
+  Status s = ReadTraceRecord(footer);
+  if (!s.ok()) {
+    return s;
+  }
+  if (footer->type != kTraceEnd) {
+    return Status::Corruption("Corrupted trace file. Incorrect footer.");
+  }
+  return s;
+}
+
+Status TraceAnalyzer::ReadTraceRecord(Trace* trace) {
+  assert(trace != nullptr);
+  std::string encoded_trace;
+  Status s = trace_reader_->Read(&encoded_trace);
+  if (!s.ok()) {
+    return s;
+  }
+  return TracerHelper::DecodeTrace(encoded_trace, trace);
+}
+
+// process the trace itself and redirect the trace content
+// to different operation type handler. With different race
+// format, this function can be changed
+Status TraceAnalyzer::StartProcessing() {
+  Status s;
+  Trace header;
+  s = ReadTraceHeader(&header);
+  if (!s.ok()) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "Cannot read the header\n");
+    return s;
+  }
+  // Set the default trace file version as version 0.2
+  int trace_file_version = 2;
+  s = TracerHelper::ParseTraceHeader(header, &trace_file_version, &db_version_);
+  if (!s.ok()) {
+    return s;
+  }
+  trace_create_time_ = header.ts;
+  if (FLAGS_output_time_series) {
+    time_series_start_ = header.ts;
+  }
+
+  Trace trace;
+  std::unique_ptr<TraceRecord> record;
+  while (s.ok()) {
+    trace.reset();
+    s = ReadTraceRecord(&trace);
+    if (!s.ok()) {
+      break;
+    }
+
+    end_time_ = trace.ts;
+    if (trace.type == kTraceEnd) {
+      break;
+    }
+    // Do not count TraceEnd (if there is one)
+    total_requests_++;
+
+    s = TracerHelper::DecodeTraceRecord(&trace, trace_file_version, &record);
+    if (s.IsNotSupported()) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (!s.ok()) {
+      return s;
+    }
+    s = record->Accept(this, nullptr);
+    if (!s.ok()) {
+      fprintf(stderr, "Cannot process the TraceRecord\n");
+      return s;
+    }
+  }
+  if (s.IsIncomplete()) {
+    // Fix it: Reaching eof returns Incomplete status at the moment.
+    return Status::OK();
+  }
+  return s;
+}
+
+// After the trace is processed by StartProcessing, the statistic data
+// is stored in the map or other in memory data structures. To get the
+// other statistic result such as key size distribution, value size
+// distribution, these data structures are re-processed here.
+Status TraceAnalyzer::MakeStatistics() {
+  int ret;
+  Status s;
+  for (int type = 0; type < kTaTypeNum; type++) {
+    if (!ta_[type].enabled) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    for (auto& stat : ta_[type].stats) {
+      stat.second.a_key_id = 0;
+      for (auto& record : stat.second.a_key_stats) {
+        record.second.key_id = stat.second.a_key_id;
+        stat.second.a_key_id++;
+        if (record.second.access_count <=
+            static_cast<uint64_t>(FLAGS_output_ignore_count)) {
+          continue;
+        }
+
+        // Generate the key access count distribution data
+        if (FLAGS_output_access_count_stats) {
+          if (stat.second.a_count_stats.find(record.second.access_count) ==
+              stat.second.a_count_stats.end()) {
+            stat.second.a_count_stats[record.second.access_count] = 1;
+          } else {
+            stat.second.a_count_stats[record.second.access_count]++;
+          }
+        }
+
+        // Generate the key size distribution data
+        if (FLAGS_output_key_distribution) {
+          if (stat.second.a_key_size_stats.find(record.first.size()) ==
+              stat.second.a_key_size_stats.end()) {
+            stat.second.a_key_size_stats[record.first.size()] = 1;
+          } else {
+            stat.second.a_key_size_stats[record.first.size()]++;
+          }
+        }
+
+        if (!FLAGS_print_correlation.empty()) {
+          s = MakeStatisticCorrelation(stat.second, record.second);
+          if (!s.ok()) {
+            return s;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Output the prefix cut or the whole content of the accessed key space
+      if (FLAGS_output_key_stats || FLAGS_output_prefix_cut > 0) {
+        s = MakeStatisticKeyStatsOrPrefix(stat.second);
+        if (!s.ok()) {
+          return s;
+        }
+      }
+
+      // output the access count distribution
+      if (FLAGS_output_access_count_stats && stat.second.a_count_dist_f) {
+        for (auto& record : stat.second.a_count_stats) {
+          ret = snprintf(buffer_, sizeof(buffer_),
+                         "access_count: %" PRIu64 " num: %" PRIu64 "\n",
+                         record.first, record.second);
+          if (ret < 0) {
+            return Status::IOError("Format the output failed");
+          }
+          std::string printout(buffer_);
+          s = stat.second.a_count_dist_f->Append(printout);
+          if (!s.ok()) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "Write access count distribution file failed\n");
+            return s;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      // find the medium of the key size
+      uint64_t k_count = 0;
+      bool get_mid = false;
+      for (auto& record : stat.second.a_key_size_stats) {
+        k_count += record.second;
+        if (!get_mid && k_count >= stat.second.a_key_mid) {
+          stat.second.a_key_mid = record.first;
+          get_mid = true;
+        }
+        if (FLAGS_output_key_distribution && stat.second.a_key_size_f) {
+          ret = snprintf(buffer_, sizeof(buffer_), "%" PRIu64 " %" PRIu64 "\n",
+                         record.first, record.second);
+          if (ret < 0) {
+            return Status::IOError("Format output failed");
+          }
+          std::string printout(buffer_);
+          s = stat.second.a_key_size_f->Append(printout);
+          if (!s.ok()) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "Write key size distribution file failed\n");
+            return s;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      // output the value size distribution
+      uint64_t v_begin = 0, v_end = 0, v_count = 0;
+      get_mid = false;
+      for (auto& record : stat.second.a_value_size_stats) {
+        v_begin = v_end;
+        v_end = (record.first + 1) * FLAGS_value_interval;
+        v_count += record.second;
+        if (!get_mid && v_count >= stat.second.a_count / 2) {
+          stat.second.a_value_mid = (v_begin + v_end) / 2;
+          get_mid = true;
+        }
+        if (FLAGS_output_value_distribution && stat.second.a_value_size_f &&
+            (type == TraceOperationType::kPut ||
+             type == TraceOperationType::kMerge)) {
+          ret = snprintf(buffer_, sizeof(buffer_),
+                         "Number_of_value_size_between %" PRIu64 " and %" PRIu64
+                         " is: %" PRIu64 "\n",
+                         v_begin, v_end, record.second);
+          if (ret < 0) {
+            return Status::IOError("Format output failed");
+          }
+          std::string printout(buffer_);
+          s = stat.second.a_value_size_f->Append(printout);
+          if (!s.ok()) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "Write value size distribution file failed\n");
+            return s;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Make the QPS statistics
+  if (FLAGS_output_qps_stats) {
+    s = MakeStatisticQPS();
+    if (!s.ok()) {
+      return s;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return Status::OK();
+}
+
+// Process the statistics of the key access and
+// prefix of the accessed keys if required
+Status TraceAnalyzer::MakeStatisticKeyStatsOrPrefix(TraceStats& stats) {
+  int ret;
+  Status s;
+  std::string prefix = "0";
+  uint64_t prefix_access = 0;
+  uint64_t prefix_count = 0;
+  uint64_t prefix_succ_access = 0;
+  double prefix_ave_access = 0.0;
+  stats.a_succ_count = 0;
+  for (auto& record : stats.a_key_stats) {
+    // write the key access statistic file
+    if (!stats.a_key_f) {
+      return Status::IOError("Failed to open accessed_key_stats file.");
+    }
+    stats.a_succ_count += record.second.succ_count;
+    double succ_ratio = 0.0;
+    if (record.second.access_count > 0) {
+      succ_ratio = (static_cast<double>(record.second.succ_count)) /
+                   record.second.access_count;
+    }
+    ret = snprintf(buffer_, sizeof(buffer_),
+                   "%u %zu %" PRIu64 " %" PRIu64 " %f\n", record.second.cf_id,
+                   record.second.value_size, record.second.key_id,
+                   record.second.access_count, succ_ratio);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+      return Status::IOError("Format output failed");
+    }
+    std::string printout(buffer_);
+    s = stats.a_key_f->Append(printout);
+    if (!s.ok()) {
+      fprintf(stderr, "Write key access file failed\n");
+      return s;
+    }
+
+    // write the prefix cut of the accessed keys
+    if (FLAGS_output_prefix_cut > 0 && stats.a_prefix_cut_f) {
+      if (record.first.compare(0, FLAGS_output_prefix_cut, prefix) != 0) {
+        std::string prefix_out =
+            ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::LDBCommand::StringToHex(prefix);
+        if (prefix_count == 0) {
+          prefix_ave_access = 0.0;
+        } else {
+          prefix_ave_access =
+              (static_cast<double>(prefix_access)) / prefix_count;
+        }
+        double prefix_succ_ratio = 0.0;
+        if (prefix_access > 0) {
+          prefix_succ_ratio =
+              (static_cast<double>(prefix_succ_access)) / prefix_access;
+        }
+        ret =
+            snprintf(buffer_, sizeof(buffer_),
+                     "%" PRIu64 " %" PRIu64 " %" PRIu64 " %f %f %s\n",
+                     record.second.key_id, prefix_access, prefix_count,
+                     prefix_ave_access, prefix_succ_ratio, prefix_out.c_str());
+        if (ret < 0) {
+          return Status::IOError("Format output failed");
+        }
+        std::string pout(buffer_);
+        s = stats.a_prefix_cut_f->Append(pout);
+        if (!s.ok()) {
+          fprintf(stderr, "Write accessed key prefix file failed\n");
+          return s;
+        }
+
+        // make the top k statistic for the prefix
+        if (static_cast<int32_t>(stats.top_k_prefix_access.size()) <
+            FLAGS_print_top_k_access) {
+          stats.top_k_prefix_access.push(
+              std::make_pair(prefix_access, prefix_out));
+        } else {
+          if (prefix_access > stats.top_k_prefix_access.top().first) {
+            stats.top_k_prefix_access.pop();
+            stats.top_k_prefix_access.push(
+                std::make_pair(prefix_access, prefix_out));
+          }
+        }
+
+        if (static_cast<int32_t>(stats.top_k_prefix_ave.size()) <
+            FLAGS_print_top_k_access) {
+          stats.top_k_prefix_ave.push(
+              std::make_pair(prefix_ave_access, prefix_out));
+        } else {
+          if (prefix_ave_access > stats.top_k_prefix_ave.top().first) {
+            stats.top_k_prefix_ave.pop();
+            stats.top_k_prefix_ave.push(
+                std::make_pair(prefix_ave_access, prefix_out));
+          }
+        }
+
+        prefix = record.first.substr(0, FLAGS_output_prefix_cut);
+        prefix_access = 0;
+        prefix_count = 0;
+        prefix_succ_access = 0;
+      }
+      prefix_access += record.second.access_count;
+      prefix_count += 1;
+      prefix_succ_access += record.second.succ_count;
+    }
+  }
+  return Status::OK();
+}
+
+// Process the statistics of different query type
+// correlations
+Status TraceAnalyzer::MakeStatisticCorrelation(TraceStats& stats,
+                                               StatsUnit& unit) {
+  if (stats.correlation_output.size() !=
+      analyzer_opts_.correlation_list.size()) {
+    return Status::Corruption("Cannot make the statistic of correlation.");
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < static_cast<int>(analyzer_opts_.correlation_list.size());
+       i++) {
+    if (i >= static_cast<int>(stats.correlation_output.size()) ||
+        i >= static_cast<int>(unit.v_correlation.size())) {
+      break;
+    }
+    stats.correlation_output[i].first += unit.v_correlation[i].count;
+    stats.correlation_output[i].second += unit.v_correlation[i].total_ts;
+  }
+  return Status::OK();
+}
+
+// Process the statistics of QPS
+Status TraceAnalyzer::MakeStatisticQPS() {
+  if (begin_time_ == 0) {
+    begin_time_ = trace_create_time_;
+  }
+  uint32_t duration =
+      static_cast<uint32_t>((end_time_ - begin_time_) / 1000000);
+  int ret;
+  Status s;
+  std::vector<std::vector<uint32_t>> type_qps(
+      duration, std::vector<uint32_t>(kTaTypeNum + 1, 0));
+  std::vector<uint64_t> qps_sum(kTaTypeNum + 1, 0);
+  std::vector<uint32_t> qps_peak(kTaTypeNum + 1, 0);
+  qps_ave_.resize(kTaTypeNum + 1);
+
+  for (int type = 0; type < kTaTypeNum; type++) {
+    if (!ta_[type].enabled) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    for (auto& stat : ta_[type].stats) {
+      uint32_t time_line = 0;
+      uint64_t cf_qps_sum = 0;
+      for (auto& time_it : stat.second.a_qps_stats) {
+        if (time_it.first >= duration) {
+          continue;
+        }
+        type_qps[time_it.first][kTaTypeNum] += time_it.second;
+        type_qps[time_it.first][type] += time_it.second;
+        cf_qps_sum += time_it.second;
+        if (time_it.second > stat.second.a_peak_qps) {
+          stat.second.a_peak_qps = time_it.second;
+        }
+        if (stat.second.a_qps_f) {
+          while (time_line < time_it.first) {
+            ret = snprintf(buffer_, sizeof(buffer_), "%u\n", 0);
+            if (ret < 0) {
+              return Status::IOError("Format the output failed");
+            }
+            std::string printout(buffer_);
+            s = stat.second.a_qps_f->Append(printout);
+            if (!s.ok()) {
+              fprintf(stderr, "Write QPS file failed\n");
+              return s;
+            }
+            time_line++;
+          }
+          ret = snprintf(buffer_, sizeof(buffer_), "%u\n", time_it.second);
+          if (ret < 0) {
+            return Status::IOError("Format the output failed");
+          }
+          std::string printout(buffer_);
+          s = stat.second.a_qps_f->Append(printout);
+          if (!s.ok()) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "Write QPS file failed\n");
+            return s;
+          }
+          if (time_line == time_it.first) {
+            time_line++;
+          }
+        }
+
+        // Process the top k QPS peaks
+        if (FLAGS_output_prefix_cut > 0) {
+          if (static_cast<int32_t>(stat.second.top_k_qps_sec.size()) <
+              FLAGS_print_top_k_access) {
+            stat.second.top_k_qps_sec.push(
+                std::make_pair(time_it.second, time_it.first));
+          } else {
+            if (stat.second.top_k_qps_sec.size() > 0 &&
+                stat.second.top_k_qps_sec.top().first < time_it.second) {
+              stat.second.top_k_qps_sec.pop();
+              stat.second.top_k_qps_sec.push(
+                  std::make_pair(time_it.second, time_it.first));
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      if (duration == 0) {
+        stat.second.a_ave_qps = 0;
+      } else {
+        stat.second.a_ave_qps = (static_cast<double>(cf_qps_sum)) / duration;
+      }
+
+      // Output the accessed unique key number change overtime
+      if (stat.second.a_key_num_f) {
+        uint64_t cur_uni_key =
+            static_cast<uint64_t>(stat.second.a_key_stats.size());
+        double cur_ratio = 0.0;
+        uint64_t cur_num = 0;
+        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < duration; i++) {
+          auto find_time = stat.second.uni_key_num.find(i);
+          if (find_time != stat.second.uni_key_num.end()) {
+            cur_ratio = (static_cast<double>(find_time->second)) / cur_uni_key;
+            cur_num = find_time->second;
+          }
+          ret = snprintf(buffer_, sizeof(buffer_), "%" PRIu64 " %.12f\n",
+                         cur_num, cur_ratio);
+          if (ret < 0) {
+            return Status::IOError("Format the output failed");
+          }
+          std::string printout(buffer_);
+          s = stat.second.a_key_num_f->Append(printout);
+          if (!s.ok()) {
+            fprintf(stderr,
+                    "Write accessed unique key number change file failed\n");
+            return s;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      // output the prefix of top k access peak
+      if (FLAGS_output_prefix_cut > 0 && stat.second.a_top_qps_prefix_f) {
+        while (!stat.second.top_k_qps_sec.empty()) {
+          ret = snprintf(buffer_, sizeof(buffer_), "At time: %u with QPS: %u\n",
+                         stat.second.top_k_qps_sec.top().second,
+                         stat.second.top_k_qps_sec.top().first);
+          if (ret < 0) {
+            return Status::IOError("Format the output failed");
+          }
+          std::string printout(buffer_);
+          s = stat.second.a_top_qps_prefix_f->Append(printout);
+          if (!s.ok()) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "Write prefix QPS top K file failed\n");
+            return s;
+          }
+          uint32_t qps_time = stat.second.top_k_qps_sec.top().second;
+          stat.second.top_k_qps_sec.pop();
+          if (stat.second.a_qps_prefix_stats.find(qps_time) !=
+              stat.second.a_qps_prefix_stats.end()) {
+            for (auto& qps_prefix : stat.second.a_qps_prefix_stats[qps_time]) {
+              std::string qps_prefix_out =
+                  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::LDBCommand::StringToHex(qps_prefix.first);
+              ret = snprintf(buffer_, sizeof(buffer_),
+                             "The prefix: %s Access count: %u\n",
+                             qps_prefix_out.c_str(), qps_prefix.second);
+              if (ret < 0) {
+                return Status::IOError("Format the output failed");
+              }
+              std::string pout(buffer_);
+              s = stat.second.a_top_qps_prefix_f->Append(pout);
+              if (!s.ok()) {
+                fprintf(stderr, "Write prefix QPS top K file failed\n");
+                return s;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (qps_f_) {
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < duration; i++) {
+      for (int type = 0; type <= kTaTypeNum; type++) {
+        if (type < kTaTypeNum) {
+          ret = snprintf(buffer_, sizeof(buffer_), "%u ", type_qps[i][type]);
+        } else {
+          ret = snprintf(buffer_, sizeof(buffer_), "%u\n", type_qps[i][type]);
+        }
+        if (ret < 0) {
+          return Status::IOError("Format the output failed");
+        }
+        std::string printout(buffer_);
+        s = qps_f_->Append(printout);
+        if (!s.ok()) {
+          return s;
+        }
+        qps_sum[type] += type_qps[i][type];
+        if (type_qps[i][type] > qps_peak[type]) {
+          qps_peak[type] = type_qps[i][type];
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (cf_qps_f_) {
+    int cfs_size = static_cast<uint32_t>(cfs_.size());
+    uint32_t v;
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < duration; i++) {
+      for (int cf = 0; cf < cfs_size; cf++) {
+        if (cfs_[cf].cf_qps.find(i) != cfs_[cf].cf_qps.end()) {
+          v = cfs_[cf].cf_qps[i];
+        } else {
+          v = 0;
+        }
+        if (cf < cfs_size - 1) {
+          ret = snprintf(buffer_, sizeof(buffer_), "%u ", v);
+        } else {
+          ret = snprintf(buffer_, sizeof(buffer_), "%u\n", v);
+        }
+        if (ret < 0) {
+          return Status::IOError("Format the output failed");
+        }
+        std::string printout(buffer_);
+        s = cf_qps_f_->Append(printout);
+        if (!s.ok()) {
+          return s;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  qps_peak_ = qps_peak;
+  for (int type = 0; type <= kTaTypeNum; type++) {
+    if (duration == 0) {
+      qps_ave_[type] = 0;
+    } else {
+      qps_ave_[type] = (static_cast<double>(qps_sum[type])) / duration;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return Status::OK();
+}
+
+// In reprocessing, if we have the whole key space
+// we can output the access count of all keys in a cf
+// we can make some statistics of the whole key space
+// also, we output the top k accessed keys here
+Status TraceAnalyzer::ReProcessing() {
+  int ret;
+  Status s;
+  for (auto& cf_it : cfs_) {
+    uint32_t cf_id = cf_it.first;
+
+    // output the time series;
+    if (FLAGS_output_time_series) {
+      for (int type = 0; type < kTaTypeNum; type++) {
+        if (!ta_[type].enabled ||
+            ta_[type].stats.find(cf_id) == ta_[type].stats.end()) {
+          continue;
+        }
+        TraceStats& stat = ta_[type].stats[cf_id];
+        if (!stat.time_series_f) {
+          fprintf(stderr, "Cannot write time_series of '%s' in '%u'\n",
+                  ta_[type].type_name.c_str(), cf_id);
+          continue;
+        }
+        while (!stat.time_series.empty()) {
+          uint64_t key_id = 0;
+          auto found = stat.a_key_stats.find(stat.time_series.front().key);
+          if (found != stat.a_key_stats.end()) {
+            key_id = found->second.key_id;
+          }
+          ret =
+              snprintf(buffer_, sizeof(buffer_), "%u %" PRIu64 " %" PRIu64 "\n",
+                       stat.time_series.front().type,
+                       stat.time_series.front().ts, key_id);
+          if (ret < 0) {
+            return Status::IOError("Format the output failed");
+          }
+          std::string printout(buffer_);
+          s = stat.time_series_f->Append(printout);
+          if (!s.ok()) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "Write time series file failed\n");
+            return s;
+          }
+          stat.time_series.pop_front();
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // process the whole key space if needed
+    if (!FLAGS_key_space_dir.empty()) {
+      std::string whole_key_path =
+          FLAGS_key_space_dir + "/" + std::to_string(cf_id) + ".txt";
+      std::string input_key, get_key;
+      std::vector<std::string> prefix(kTaTypeNum);
+      std::unique_ptr<FSSequentialFile> file;
+
+      s = env_->GetFileSystem()->NewSequentialFile(
+          whole_key_path, FileOptions(env_options_), &file, nullptr);
+      if (!s.ok()) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Cannot open the whole key space file of CF: %u\n",
+                cf_id);
+        file.reset();
+      }
+
+      if (file) {
+        size_t kTraceFileReadaheadSize = 2 * 1024 * 1024;
+        LineFileReader lf_reader(
+            std::move(file), whole_key_path,
+            kTraceFileReadaheadSize /* filereadahead_size */);
+        for (cfs_[cf_id].w_count = 0; lf_reader.ReadLine(
+                 &get_key, Env::IO_TOTAL /* rate_limiter_priority */);
+             ++cfs_[cf_id].w_count) {
+          input_key = ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::LDBCommand::HexToString(get_key);
+          for (int type = 0; type < kTaTypeNum; type++) {
+            if (!ta_[type].enabled) {
+              continue;
+            }
+            TraceStats& stat = ta_[type].stats[cf_id];
+            if (stat.w_key_f) {
+              if (stat.a_key_stats.find(input_key) != stat.a_key_stats.end()) {
+                ret = snprintf(buffer_, sizeof(buffer_),
+                               "%" PRIu64 " %" PRIu64 "\n", cfs_[cf_id].w_count,
+                               stat.a_key_stats[input_key].access_count);
+                if (ret < 0) {
+                  return Status::IOError("Format the output failed");
+                }
+                std::string printout(buffer_);
+                s = stat.w_key_f->Append(printout);
+                if (!s.ok()) {
+                  fprintf(stderr, "Write whole key space access file failed\n");
+                  return s;
+                }
+              }
+            }
+
+            // Output the prefix cut file of the whole key space
+            if (FLAGS_output_prefix_cut > 0 && stat.w_prefix_cut_f) {
+              if (input_key.compare(0, FLAGS_output_prefix_cut, prefix[type]) !=
+                  0) {
+                prefix[type] = input_key.substr(0, FLAGS_output_prefix_cut);
+                std::string prefix_out =
+                    ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::LDBCommand::StringToHex(prefix[type]);
+                ret = snprintf(buffer_, sizeof(buffer_), "%" PRIu64 " %s\n",
+                               cfs_[cf_id].w_count, prefix_out.c_str());
+                if (ret < 0) {
+                  return Status::IOError("Format the output failed");
+                }
+                std::string printout(buffer_);
+                s = stat.w_prefix_cut_f->Append(printout);
+                if (!s.ok()) {
+                  fprintf(stderr,
+                          "Write whole key space prefix cut file failed\n");
+                  return s;
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          }
+
+          // Make the statistics fo the key size distribution
+          if (FLAGS_output_key_distribution) {
+            if (cfs_[cf_id].w_key_size_stats.find(input_key.size()) ==
+                cfs_[cf_id].w_key_size_stats.end()) {
+              cfs_[cf_id].w_key_size_stats[input_key.size()] = 1;
+            } else {
+              cfs_[cf_id].w_key_size_stats[input_key.size()]++;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        s = lf_reader.GetStatus();
+        if (!s.ok()) {
+          fprintf(stderr, "Read whole key space file failed\n");
+          return s;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // process the top k accessed keys
+    if (FLAGS_print_top_k_access > 0) {
+      for (int type = 0; type < kTaTypeNum; type++) {
+        if (!ta_[type].enabled ||
+            ta_[type].stats.find(cf_id) == ta_[type].stats.end()) {
+          continue;
+        }
+        TraceStats& stat = ta_[type].stats[cf_id];
+        for (auto& record : stat.a_key_stats) {
+          if (static_cast<int32_t>(stat.top_k_queue.size()) <
+              FLAGS_print_top_k_access) {
+            stat.top_k_queue.push(
+                std::make_pair(record.second.access_count, record.first));
+          } else {
+            if (record.second.access_count > stat.top_k_queue.top().first) {
+              stat.top_k_queue.pop();
+              stat.top_k_queue.push(
+                  std::make_pair(record.second.access_count, record.first));
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return Status::OK();
+}
+
+// End the processing, print the requested results
+Status TraceAnalyzer::EndProcessing() {
+  Status s;
+  if (trace_sequence_f_) {
+    s = trace_sequence_f_->Close();
+  }
+  if (FLAGS_no_print) {
+    return s;
+  }
+  PrintStatistics();
+  if (s.ok()) {
+    s = CloseOutputFiles();
+  }
+  return s;
+}
+
+// Insert the corresponding key statistics to the correct type
+// and correct CF, output the time-series file if needed
+Status TraceAnalyzer::KeyStatsInsertion(const uint32_t& type,
+                                        const uint32_t& cf_id,
+                                        const std::string& key,
+                                        const size_t value_size,
+                                        const uint64_t ts) {
+  Status s;
+  StatsUnit unit;
+  unit.key_id = 0;
+  unit.cf_id = cf_id;
+  unit.value_size = value_size;
+  unit.access_count = 1;
+  unit.latest_ts = ts;
+  if ((type != TraceOperationType::kGet &&
+       type != TraceOperationType::kMultiGet) ||
+      value_size > 0) {
+    unit.succ_count = 1;
+  } else {
+    unit.succ_count = 0;
+  }
+  unit.v_correlation.resize(analyzer_opts_.correlation_list.size());
+  for (int i = 0;
+       i < (static_cast<int>(analyzer_opts_.correlation_list.size())); i++) {
+    unit.v_correlation[i].count = 0;
+    unit.v_correlation[i].total_ts = 0;
+  }
+  std::string prefix;
+  if (FLAGS_output_prefix_cut > 0) {
+    prefix = key.substr(0, FLAGS_output_prefix_cut);
+  }
+
+  if (begin_time_ == 0) {
+    begin_time_ = ts;
+  }
+  uint32_t time_in_sec;
+  if (ts < begin_time_) {
+    time_in_sec = 0;
+  } else {
+    time_in_sec = static_cast<uint32_t>((ts - begin_time_) / 1000000);
+  }
+
+  uint64_t dist_value_size = value_size / FLAGS_value_interval;
+  auto found_stats = ta_[type].stats.find(cf_id);
+  if (found_stats == ta_[type].stats.end()) {
+    ta_[type].stats[cf_id].cf_id = cf_id;
+    ta_[type].stats[cf_id].cf_name = std::to_string(cf_id);
+    ta_[type].stats[cf_id].a_count = 1;
+    ta_[type].stats[cf_id].a_key_id = 0;
+    ta_[type].stats[cf_id].a_key_size_sqsum = MultiplyCheckOverflow(
+        static_cast<uint64_t>(key.size()), static_cast<uint64_t>(key.size()));
+    ta_[type].stats[cf_id].a_key_size_sum = key.size();
+    ta_[type].stats[cf_id].a_value_size_sqsum = MultiplyCheckOverflow(
+        static_cast<uint64_t>(value_size), static_cast<uint64_t>(value_size));
+    ta_[type].stats[cf_id].a_value_size_sum = value_size;
+    s = OpenStatsOutputFiles(ta_[type].type_name, ta_[type].stats[cf_id]);
+    if (!FLAGS_print_correlation.empty()) {
+      s = StatsUnitCorrelationUpdate(unit, type, ts, key);
+    }
+    ta_[type].stats[cf_id].a_key_stats[key] = unit;
+    ta_[type].stats[cf_id].a_value_size_stats[dist_value_size] = 1;
+    ta_[type].stats[cf_id].a_qps_stats[time_in_sec] = 1;
+    ta_[type].stats[cf_id].correlation_output.resize(
+        analyzer_opts_.correlation_list.size());
+    if (FLAGS_output_prefix_cut > 0) {
+      std::map<std::string, uint32_t> tmp_qps_map;
+      tmp_qps_map[prefix] = 1;
+      ta_[type].stats[cf_id].a_qps_prefix_stats[time_in_sec] = tmp_qps_map;
+    }
+    if (time_in_sec != cur_time_sec_) {
+      ta_[type].stats[cf_id].uni_key_num[cur_time_sec_] =
+          static_cast<uint64_t>(ta_[type].stats[cf_id].a_key_stats.size());
+      cur_time_sec_ = time_in_sec;
+    }
+  } else {
+    found_stats->second.a_count++;
+    found_stats->second.a_key_size_sqsum += MultiplyCheckOverflow(
+        static_cast<uint64_t>(key.size()), static_cast<uint64_t>(key.size()));
+    found_stats->second.a_key_size_sum += key.size();
+    found_stats->second.a_value_size_sqsum += MultiplyCheckOverflow(
+        static_cast<uint64_t>(value_size), static_cast<uint64_t>(value_size));
+    found_stats->second.a_value_size_sum += value_size;
+    auto found_key = found_stats->second.a_key_stats.find(key);
+    if (found_key == found_stats->second.a_key_stats.end()) {
+      found_stats->second.a_key_stats[key] = unit;
+    } else {
+      found_key->second.access_count++;
+      if (type != TraceOperationType::kGet || value_size > 0) {
+        found_key->second.succ_count++;
+      }
+      if (!FLAGS_print_correlation.empty()) {
+        s = StatsUnitCorrelationUpdate(found_key->second, type, ts, key);
+      }
+    }
+    if (time_in_sec != cur_time_sec_) {
+      found_stats->second.uni_key_num[cur_time_sec_] =
+          static_cast<uint64_t>(found_stats->second.a_key_stats.size());
+      cur_time_sec_ = time_in_sec;
+    }
+
+    auto found_value =
+        found_stats->second.a_value_size_stats.find(dist_value_size);
+    if (found_value == found_stats->second.a_value_size_stats.end()) {
+      found_stats->second.a_value_size_stats[dist_value_size] = 1;
+    } else {
+      found_value->second++;
+    }
+
+    auto found_qps = found_stats->second.a_qps_stats.find(time_in_sec);
+    if (found_qps == found_stats->second.a_qps_stats.end()) {
+      found_stats->second.a_qps_stats[time_in_sec] = 1;
+    } else {
+      found_qps->second++;
+    }
+
+    if (FLAGS_output_prefix_cut > 0) {
+      auto found_qps_prefix =
+          found_stats->second.a_qps_prefix_stats.find(time_in_sec);
+      if (found_qps_prefix == found_stats->second.a_qps_prefix_stats.end()) {
+        std::map<std::string, uint32_t> tmp_qps_map;
+        found_stats->second.a_qps_prefix_stats[time_in_sec] = tmp_qps_map;
+      }
+      if (found_stats->second.a_qps_prefix_stats[time_in_sec].find(prefix) ==
+          found_stats->second.a_qps_prefix_stats[time_in_sec].end()) {
+        found_stats->second.a_qps_prefix_stats[time_in_sec][prefix] = 1;
+      } else {
+        found_stats->second.a_qps_prefix_stats[time_in_sec][prefix]++;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (cfs_.find(cf_id) == cfs_.end()) {
+    CfUnit cf_unit;
+    cf_unit.cf_id = cf_id;
+    cf_unit.w_count = 0;
+    cf_unit.a_count = 0;
+    cfs_[cf_id] = cf_unit;
+  }
+
+  if (FLAGS_output_qps_stats) {
+    cfs_[cf_id].cf_qps[time_in_sec]++;
+  }
+
+  if (FLAGS_output_time_series) {
+    TraceUnit trace_u;
+    trace_u.type = type;
+    trace_u.key = key;
+    trace_u.value_size = value_size;
+    trace_u.ts = (ts - time_series_start_) / 1000000;
+    trace_u.cf_id = cf_id;
+    ta_[type].stats[cf_id].time_series.push_back(trace_u);
+  }
+
+  return s;
+}
+
+// Update the correlation unit of each key if enabled
+Status TraceAnalyzer::StatsUnitCorrelationUpdate(StatsUnit& unit,
+                                                 const uint32_t& type_second,
+                                                 const uint64_t& ts,
+                                                 const std::string& key) {
+  if (type_second >= kTaTypeNum) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "Unknown Type Id: %u\n", type_second);
+    return Status::NotFound();
+  }
+
+  for (int type_first = 0; type_first < kTaTypeNum; type_first++) {
+    if (type_first >= static_cast<int>(ta_.size()) ||
+        type_first >= static_cast<int>(analyzer_opts_.correlation_map.size())) {
+      break;
+    }
+    if (analyzer_opts_.correlation_map[type_first][type_second] < 0 ||
+        ta_[type_first].stats.find(unit.cf_id) == ta_[type_first].stats.end() ||
+        ta_[type_first].stats[unit.cf_id].a_key_stats.find(key) ==
+            ta_[type_first].stats[unit.cf_id].a_key_stats.end() ||
+        ta_[type_first].stats[unit.cf_id].a_key_stats[key].latest_ts == ts) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    int correlation_id =
+        analyzer_opts_.correlation_map[type_first][type_second];
+
+    // after get the x-y operation time or x, update;
+    if (correlation_id < 0 ||
+        correlation_id >= static_cast<int>(unit.v_correlation.size())) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    unit.v_correlation[correlation_id].count++;
+    unit.v_correlation[correlation_id].total_ts +=
+        (ts - ta_[type_first].stats[unit.cf_id].a_key_stats[key].latest_ts);
+  }
+
+  unit.latest_ts = ts;
+  return Status::OK();
+}
+
+// when a new trace statistic is created, the file handler
+// pointers should be initiated if needed according to
+// the trace analyzer options
+Status TraceAnalyzer::OpenStatsOutputFiles(const std::string& type,
+                                           TraceStats& new_stats) {
+  Status s;
+  if (FLAGS_output_key_stats) {
+    s = CreateOutputFile(type, new_stats.cf_name, "accessed_key_stats.txt",
+                         &new_stats.a_key_f);
+    s = CreateOutputFile(type, new_stats.cf_name,
+                         "accessed_unique_key_num_change.txt",
+                         &new_stats.a_key_num_f);
+    if (!FLAGS_key_space_dir.empty()) {
+      s = CreateOutputFile(type, new_stats.cf_name, "whole_key_stats.txt",
+                           &new_stats.w_key_f);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (FLAGS_output_access_count_stats) {
+    s = CreateOutputFile(type, new_stats.cf_name,
+                         "accessed_key_count_distribution.txt",
+                         &new_stats.a_count_dist_f);
+  }
+
+  if (FLAGS_output_prefix_cut > 0) {
+    s = CreateOutputFile(type, new_stats.cf_name, "accessed_key_prefix_cut.txt",
+                         &new_stats.a_prefix_cut_f);
+    if (!FLAGS_key_space_dir.empty()) {
+      s = CreateOutputFile(type, new_stats.cf_name, "whole_key_prefix_cut.txt",
+                           &new_stats.w_prefix_cut_f);
+    }
+
+    if (FLAGS_output_qps_stats) {
+      s = CreateOutputFile(type, new_stats.cf_name,
+                           "accessed_top_k_qps_prefix_cut.txt",
+                           &new_stats.a_top_qps_prefix_f);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (FLAGS_output_time_series) {
+    s = CreateOutputFile(type, new_stats.cf_name, "time_series.txt",
+                         &new_stats.time_series_f);
+  }
+
+  if (FLAGS_output_value_distribution) {
+    s = CreateOutputFile(type, new_stats.cf_name,
+                         "accessed_value_size_distribution.txt",
+                         &new_stats.a_value_size_f);
+  }
+
+  if (FLAGS_output_key_distribution) {
+    s = CreateOutputFile(type, new_stats.cf_name,
+                         "accessed_key_size_distribution.txt",
+                         &new_stats.a_key_size_f);
+  }
+
+  if (FLAGS_output_qps_stats) {
+    s = CreateOutputFile(type, new_stats.cf_name, "qps_stats.txt",
+                         &new_stats.a_qps_f);
+  }
+
+  return s;
+}
+
+// create the output path of the files to be opened
+Status TraceAnalyzer::CreateOutputFile(
+    const std::string& type, const std::string& cf_name,
+    const std::string& ending,
+    std::unique_ptr<ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::WritableFile>* f_ptr) {
+  std::string path;
+  path = output_path_ + "/" + FLAGS_output_prefix + "-" + type + "-" + cf_name +
+         "-" + ending;
+  Status s;
+  s = env_->NewWritableFile(path, f_ptr, env_options_);
+  if (!s.ok()) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "Cannot open file: %s\n", path.c_str());
+    exit(1);
+  }
+  return Status::OK();
+}
+
+// Close the output files in the TraceStats if they are opened
+Status TraceAnalyzer::CloseOutputFiles() {
+  Status s;
+  for (int type = 0; type < kTaTypeNum; type++) {
+    if (!ta_[type].enabled) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    for (auto& stat : ta_[type].stats) {
+      if (s.ok() && stat.second.time_series_f) {
+        s = stat.second.time_series_f->Close();
+      }
+
+      if (s.ok() && stat.second.a_key_f) {
+        s = stat.second.a_key_f->Close();
+      }
+
+      if (s.ok() && stat.second.a_key_num_f) {
+        s = stat.second.a_key_num_f->Close();
+      }
+
+      if (s.ok() && stat.second.a_count_dist_f) {
+        s = stat.second.a_count_dist_f->Close();
+      }
+
+      if (s.ok() && stat.second.a_prefix_cut_f) {
+        s = stat.second.a_prefix_cut_f->Close();
+      }
+
+      if (s.ok() && stat.second.a_value_size_f) {
+        s = stat.second.a_value_size_f->Close();
+      }
+
+      if (s.ok() && stat.second.a_key_size_f) {
+        s = stat.second.a_key_size_f->Close();
+      }
+
+      if (s.ok() && stat.second.a_qps_f) {
+        s = stat.second.a_qps_f->Close();
+      }
+
+      if (s.ok() && stat.second.a_top_qps_prefix_f) {
+        s = stat.second.a_top_qps_prefix_f->Close();
+      }
+
+      if (s.ok() && stat.second.w_key_f) {
+        s = stat.second.w_key_f->Close();
+      }
+      if (s.ok() && stat.second.w_prefix_cut_f) {
+        s = stat.second.w_prefix_cut_f->Close();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return s;
+}
+
+Status TraceAnalyzer::Handle(const WriteQueryTraceRecord& record,
+                             std::unique_ptr<TraceRecordResult>* /*result*/) {
+  total_writes_++;
+  // Note that, if the write happens in a transaction,
+  // 'Write' will be called twice, one for Prepare, one for
+  // Commit. Thus, in the trace, for the same WriteBatch, there
+  // will be two records if it is in a transaction. Here, we only
+  // process the reord that is committed. If write is non-transaction,
+  // HasBeginPrepare()==false, so we process it normally.
+  WriteBatch batch(record.GetWriteBatchRep().ToString());
+  if (batch.Count() == 0 || (batch.HasBeginPrepare() && !batch.HasCommit())) {
+    return Status::OK();
+  }
+  write_batch_ts_ = record.GetTimestamp();
+
+  // write_result_ will be updated in batch's handler during iteration.
+  Status s = batch.Iterate(this);
+  write_batch_ts_ = 0;
+  if (!s.ok()) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "Cannot process the write batch in the trace\n");
+    return s;
+  }
+
+  return Status::OK();
+}
+
+Status TraceAnalyzer::Handle(const GetQueryTraceRecord& record,
+                             std::unique_ptr<TraceRecordResult>* /*result*/) {
+  total_gets_++;
+  return OutputAnalysisResult(TraceOperationType::kGet, record.GetTimestamp(),
+                              record.GetColumnFamilyID(),
+                              std::move(record.GetKey()), 0);
+}
+
+Status TraceAnalyzer::Handle(const IteratorSeekQueryTraceRecord& record,
+                             std::unique_ptr<TraceRecordResult>* /*result*/) {
+  TraceOperationType op_type;
+  if (record.GetSeekType() == IteratorSeekQueryTraceRecord::kSeek) {
+    op_type = TraceOperationType::kIteratorSeek;
+    total_seeks_++;
+  } else {
+    op_type = TraceOperationType::kIteratorSeekForPrev;
+    total_seek_prevs_++;
+  }
+
+  // To do: shall we add lower/upper bounds?
+
+  return OutputAnalysisResult(op_type, record.GetTimestamp(),
+                              record.GetColumnFamilyID(),
+                              std::move(record.GetKey()), 0);
+}
+
+Status TraceAnalyzer::Handle(const MultiGetQueryTraceRecord& record,
+                             std::unique_ptr<TraceRecordResult>* /*result*/) {
+  total_multigets_++;
+
+  std::vector<uint32_t> cf_ids = record.GetColumnFamilyIDs();
+  std::vector<Slice> keys = record.GetKeys();
+  std::vector<size_t> value_sizes;
+
+  // If the size does not match is not the error of tracing and anayzing, we
+  // just report it to the user. The analyzing continues.
+  if (cf_ids.size() > keys.size()) {
+    printf("The CF ID vector size does not match the keys vector size!\n");
+    // Make the sure the 2 vectors are of the same (smaller) size.
+    cf_ids.resize(keys.size());
+  } else if (cf_ids.size() < keys.size()) {
+    printf("The CF ID vector size does not match the keys vector size!\n");
+    // Make the sure the 2 vectors are of the same (smaller) size.
+    keys.resize(cf_ids.size());
+  }
+  // Now the 2 vectors must be of the same size.
+  value_sizes.resize(cf_ids.size(), 0);
+
+  return OutputAnalysisResult(TraceOperationType::kMultiGet,
+                              record.GetTimestamp(), std::move(cf_ids),
+                              std::move(keys), std::move(value_sizes));
+}
+
+// Handle the Put request in the write batch of the trace
+Status TraceAnalyzer::PutCF(uint32_t column_family_id, const Slice& key,
+                            const Slice& value) {
+  return OutputAnalysisResult(TraceOperationType::kPut, write_batch_ts_,
+                              column_family_id, key, value.size());
+}
+
+Status TraceAnalyzer::PutEntityCF(uint32_t column_family_id, const Slice& key,
+                                  const Slice& value) {
+  return OutputAnalysisResult(TraceOperationType::kPutEntity, write_batch_ts_,
+                              column_family_id, key, value.size());
+}
+
+// Handle the Delete request in the write batch of the trace
+Status TraceAnalyzer::DeleteCF(uint32_t column_family_id, const Slice& key) {
+  return OutputAnalysisResult(TraceOperationType::kDelete, write_batch_ts_,
+                              column_family_id, key, 0);
+}
+
+// Handle the SingleDelete request in the write batch of the trace
+Status TraceAnalyzer::SingleDeleteCF(uint32_t column_family_id,
+                                     const Slice& key) {
+  return OutputAnalysisResult(TraceOperationType::kSingleDelete,
+                              write_batch_ts_, column_family_id, key, 0);
+}
+
+// Handle the DeleteRange request in the write batch of the trace
+Status TraceAnalyzer::DeleteRangeCF(uint32_t column_family_id,
+                                    const Slice& begin_key,
+                                    const Slice& end_key) {
+  return OutputAnalysisResult(TraceOperationType::kRangeDelete, write_batch_ts_,
+                              {column_family_id, column_family_id},
+                              {begin_key, end_key}, {0, 0});
+}
+
+// Handle the Merge request in the write batch of the trace
+Status TraceAnalyzer::MergeCF(uint32_t column_family_id, const Slice& key,
+                              const Slice& value) {
+  return OutputAnalysisResult(TraceOperationType::kMerge, write_batch_ts_,
+                              column_family_id, key, value.size());
+}
+
+Status TraceAnalyzer::OutputAnalysisResult(TraceOperationType op_type,
+                                           uint64_t timestamp,
+                                           std::vector<uint32_t> cf_ids,
+                                           std::vector<Slice> keys,
+                                           std::vector<size_t> value_sizes) {
+  assert(!cf_ids.empty());
+  assert(cf_ids.size() == keys.size());
+  assert(cf_ids.size() == value_sizes.size());
+
+  Status s;
+
+  if (FLAGS_convert_to_human_readable_trace && trace_sequence_f_) {
+    // DeleteRane only writes the begin_key.
+    size_t cnt =
+        op_type == TraceOperationType::kRangeDelete ? 1 : cf_ids.size();
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < cnt; i++) {
+      s = WriteTraceSequence(op_type, cf_ids[i], keys[i], value_sizes[i],
+                             timestamp);
+      if (!s.ok()) {
+        return Status::Corruption("Failed to write the trace sequence to file");
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (ta_[op_type].sample_count >= sample_max_) {
+    ta_[op_type].sample_count = 0;
+  }
+  if (ta_[op_type].sample_count > 0) {
+    ta_[op_type].sample_count++;
+    return Status::OK();
+  }
+  ta_[op_type].sample_count++;
+
+  if (!ta_[op_type].enabled) {
+    return Status::OK();
+  }
+
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < cf_ids.size(); i++) {
+    // Get query does not have value part, just give a fixed value 10 for easy
+    // calculation.
+    s = KeyStatsInsertion(
+        op_type, cf_ids[i], keys[i].ToString(),
+        value_sizes[i] == 0 ? kShadowValueSize : value_sizes[i], timestamp);
+    if (!s.ok()) {
+      return Status::Corruption("Failed to insert key statistics");
+    }
+  }
+
+  return Status::OK();
+}
+
+Status TraceAnalyzer::OutputAnalysisResult(TraceOperationType op_type,
+                                           uint64_t timestamp, uint32_t cf_id,
+                                           const Slice& key,
+                                           size_t value_size) {
+  return OutputAnalysisResult(
+      op_type, timestamp, std::vector<uint32_t>({cf_id}),
+      std::vector<Slice>({key}), std::vector<size_t>({value_size}));
+}
+
+// Before the analyzer is closed, the requested general statistic results are
+// printed out here. In current stage, these information are not output to
+// the files.
+// -----type
+//          |__cf_id
+//                |_statistics
+void TraceAnalyzer::PrintStatistics() {
+  for (int type = 0; type < kTaTypeNum; type++) {
+    if (!ta_[type].enabled) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    ta_[type].total_keys = 0;
+    ta_[type].total_access = 0;
+    ta_[type].total_succ_access = 0;
+    printf("\n################# Operation Type: %s #####################\n",
+           ta_[type].type_name.c_str());
+    if (qps_ave_.size() == kTaTypeNum + 1) {
+      printf("Peak QPS is: %u Average QPS is: %f\n", qps_peak_[type],
+             qps_ave_[type]);
+    }
+    for (auto& stat_it : ta_[type].stats) {
+      if (stat_it.second.a_count == 0) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      TraceStats& stat = stat_it.second;
+      uint64_t total_a_keys = static_cast<uint64_t>(stat.a_key_stats.size());
+      double key_size_ave = 0.0;
+      double value_size_ave = 0.0;
+      double key_size_vari = 0.0;
+      double value_size_vari = 0.0;
+      if (stat.a_count > 0) {
+        key_size_ave =
+            (static_cast<double>(stat.a_key_size_sum)) / stat.a_count;
+        value_size_ave =
+            (static_cast<double>(stat.a_value_size_sum)) / stat.a_count;
+        key_size_vari = std::sqrt((static_cast<double>(stat.a_key_size_sqsum)) /
+                                      stat.a_count -
+                                  key_size_ave * key_size_ave);
+        value_size_vari = std::sqrt(
+            (static_cast<double>(stat.a_value_size_sqsum)) / stat.a_count -
+            value_size_ave * value_size_ave);
+      }
+      if (value_size_ave == 0.0) {
+        stat.a_value_mid = 0;
+      }
+      cfs_[stat.cf_id].a_count += total_a_keys;
+      ta_[type].total_keys += total_a_keys;
+      ta_[type].total_access += stat.a_count;
+      ta_[type].total_succ_access += stat.a_succ_count;
+      printf("*********************************************************\n");
+      printf("colume family id: %u\n", stat.cf_id);
+      printf("Total number of queries to this cf by %s: %" PRIu64 "\n",
+             ta_[type].type_name.c_str(), stat.a_count);
+      printf("Total unique keys in this cf: %" PRIu64 "\n", total_a_keys);
+      printf("Average key size: %f key size medium: %" PRIu64
+             " Key size Variation: %f\n",
+             key_size_ave, stat.a_key_mid, key_size_vari);
+      if (type == kPut || type == kMerge) {
+        printf("Average value size: %f Value size medium: %" PRIu64
+               " Value size variation: %f\n",
+               value_size_ave, stat.a_value_mid, value_size_vari);
+      }
+      printf("Peak QPS is: %u Average QPS is: %f\n", stat.a_peak_qps,
+             stat.a_ave_qps);
+
+      // print the top k accessed key and its access count
+      if (FLAGS_print_top_k_access > 0) {
+        printf("The Top %d keys that are accessed:\n",
+               FLAGS_print_top_k_access);
+        while (!stat.top_k_queue.empty()) {
+          std::string hex_key = ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::LDBCommand::StringToHex(
+              stat.top_k_queue.top().second);
+          printf("Access_count: %" PRIu64 " %s\n", stat.top_k_queue.top().first,
+                 hex_key.c_str());
+          stat.top_k_queue.pop();
+        }
+      }
+
+      // print the top k access prefix range and
+      // top k prefix range with highest average access per key
+      if (FLAGS_output_prefix_cut > 0) {
+        printf("The Top %d accessed prefix range:\n", FLAGS_print_top_k_access);
+        while (!stat.top_k_prefix_access.empty()) {
+          printf("Prefix: %s Access count: %" PRIu64 "\n",
+                 stat.top_k_prefix_access.top().second.c_str(),
+                 stat.top_k_prefix_access.top().first);
+          stat.top_k_prefix_access.pop();
+        }
+
+        printf("The Top %d prefix with highest access per key:\n",
+               FLAGS_print_top_k_access);
+        while (!stat.top_k_prefix_ave.empty()) {
+          printf("Prefix: %s access per key: %f\n",
+                 stat.top_k_prefix_ave.top().second.c_str(),
+                 stat.top_k_prefix_ave.top().first);
+          stat.top_k_prefix_ave.pop();
+        }
+      }
+
+      // print the operation correlations
+      if (!FLAGS_print_correlation.empty()) {
+        for (int correlation = 0;
+             correlation <
+             static_cast<int>(analyzer_opts_.correlation_list.size());
+             correlation++) {
+          printf(
+              "The correlation statistics of '%s' after '%s' is:",
+              taIndexToOpt[analyzer_opts_.correlation_list[correlation].second]
+                  .c_str(),
+              taIndexToOpt[analyzer_opts_.correlation_list[correlation].first]
+                  .c_str());
+          double correlation_ave = 0.0;
+          if (stat.correlation_output[correlation].first > 0) {
+            correlation_ave =
+                (static_cast<double>(
+                    stat.correlation_output[correlation].second)) /
+                (stat.correlation_output[correlation].first * 1000);
+          }
+          printf(" total numbers: %" PRIu64 " average time: %f(ms)\n",
+                 stat.correlation_output[correlation].first, correlation_ave);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    printf("*********************************************************\n");
+    printf("Total keys of '%s' is: %" PRIu64 "\n", ta_[type].type_name.c_str(),
+           ta_[type].total_keys);
+    printf("Total access is: %" PRIu64 "\n", ta_[type].total_access);
+    total_access_keys_ += ta_[type].total_keys;
+  }
+
+  // Print the overall statistic information of the trace
+  printf("\n*********************************************************\n");
+  printf("*********************************************************\n");
+  printf("The column family based statistics\n");
+  for (auto& cf : cfs_) {
+    printf("The column family id: %u\n", cf.first);
+    printf("The whole key space key numbers: %" PRIu64 "\n", cf.second.w_count);
+    printf("The accessed key space key numbers: %" PRIu64 "\n",
+           cf.second.a_count);
+  }
+
+  if (FLAGS_print_overall_stats) {
+    printf("\n*********************************************************\n");
+    printf("*********************************************************\n");
+    if (qps_peak_.size() == kTaTypeNum + 1) {
+      printf("Average QPS per second: %f Peak QPS: %u\n", qps_ave_[kTaTypeNum],
+             qps_peak_[kTaTypeNum]);
+    }
+    printf("The statistics related to query number need to times: %u\n",
+           sample_max_);
+    printf("Total_requests: %" PRIu64 " Total_accessed_keys: %" PRIu64
+           " Total_gets: %" PRIu64 " Total_write_batches: %" PRIu64
+           " Total_seeks: %" PRIu64 " Total_seek_for_prevs: %" PRIu64
+           " Total_multigets: %" PRIu64 "\n",
+           total_requests_, total_access_keys_, total_gets_, total_writes_,
+           total_seeks_, total_seek_prevs_, total_multigets_);
+    for (int type = 0; type < kTaTypeNum; type++) {
+      if (!ta_[type].enabled) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      printf("Operation: '%s' has: %" PRIu64 "\n", ta_[type].type_name.c_str(),
+             ta_[type].total_access);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// Write the trace sequence to file
+Status TraceAnalyzer::WriteTraceSequence(const uint32_t& type,
+                                         const uint32_t& cf_id,
+                                         const Slice& key,
+                                         const size_t value_size,
+                                         const uint64_t ts) {
+  std::string hex_key =
+      ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::LDBCommand::StringToHex(key.ToString());
+  int ret;
+  ret = snprintf(buffer_, sizeof(buffer_), "%u %u %zu %" PRIu64 "\n", type,
+                 cf_id, value_size, ts);
+  if (ret < 0) {
+    return Status::IOError("failed to format the output");
+  }
+  std::string printout(buffer_);
+  if (!FLAGS_no_key) {
+    printout = hex_key + " " + printout;
+  }
+  return trace_sequence_f_->Append(printout);
+}
+
+// The entrance function of Trace_Analyzer
+int trace_analyzer_tool(int argc, char** argv) {
+  std::string trace_path;
+  std::string output_path;
+
+  AnalyzerOptions analyzer_opts;
+
+  ParseCommandLineFlags(&argc, &argv, true);
+
+  if (!FLAGS_print_correlation.empty()) {
+    analyzer_opts.SparseCorrelationInput(FLAGS_print_correlation);
+  }
+
+  std::unique_ptr<TraceAnalyzer> analyzer(
+      new TraceAnalyzer(FLAGS_trace_path, FLAGS_output_dir, analyzer_opts));
+
+  if (!analyzer) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "Cannot initiate the trace analyzer\n");
+    exit(1);
+  }
+
+  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::Status s = analyzer->PrepareProcessing();
+  if (!s.ok()) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", s.getState());
+    fprintf(stderr, "Cannot initiate the trace reader\n");
+    exit(1);
+  }
+
+  s = analyzer->StartProcessing();
+  if (!s.ok() && !FLAGS_try_process_corrupted_trace) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", s.getState());
+    fprintf(stderr, "Cannot process the trace\n");
+    exit(1);
+  }
+
+  s = analyzer->MakeStatistics();
+  if (!s.ok()) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", s.getState());
+    analyzer->EndProcessing();
+    fprintf(stderr, "Cannot make the statistics\n");
+    exit(1);
+  }
+
+  s = analyzer->ReProcessing();
+  if (!s.ok()) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", s.getState());
+    fprintf(stderr, "Cannot re-process the trace for more statistics\n");
+    analyzer->EndProcessing();
+    exit(1);
+  }
+
+  s = analyzer->EndProcessing();
+  if (!s.ok()) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", s.getState());
+    fprintf(stderr, "Cannot close the trace analyzer\n");
+    exit(1);
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+}  // namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE
+
+#endif  // Endif of Gflag