rocksdb-native 0.0.0

package/vendor/rocksdb/include/rocksdb/table.h

@@ -0,0 +1,927 @@
+// Copyright (c) Facebook, Inc. and its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
+// Copyright (c) 2011 The LevelDB Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+// found in the LICENSE file. See the AUTHORS file for names of contributors.
+//
+// Currently we support two types of tables: plain table and block-based table.
+//   1. Block-based table: this is the default table type that we inherited from
+//      LevelDB, which was designed for storing data in hard disk or flash
+//      device.
+//   2. Plain table: it is one of RocksDB's SST file format optimized
+//      for low query latency on pure-memory or really low-latency media.
+//
+// A tutorial of rocksdb table formats is available here:
+//   https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/wiki/A-Tutorial-of-RocksDB-SST-formats
+//
+// Example code is also available
+//   https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/wiki/A-Tutorial-of-RocksDB-SST-formats#wiki-examples
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <unordered_map>
+
+#include "rocksdb/cache.h"
+#include "rocksdb/customizable.h"
+#include "rocksdb/env.h"
+#include "rocksdb/options.h"
+#include "rocksdb/status.h"
+
+namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE {
+
+// -- Block-based Table
+class Cache;
+class FilterPolicy;
+class FlushBlockPolicyFactory;
+class PersistentCache;
+class RandomAccessFile;
+struct TableReaderOptions;
+struct TableBuilderOptions;
+class TableBuilder;
+class TableFactory;
+class TableReader;
+class WritableFileWriter;
+struct ConfigOptions;
+struct EnvOptions;
+
+// Types of checksums to use for checking integrity of logical blocks within
+// files. All checksums currently use 32 bits of checking power (1 in 4B
+// chance of failing to detect random corruption).
+enum ChecksumType : char {
+  kNoChecksum = 0x0,
+  kCRC32c = 0x1,
+  kxxHash = 0x2,
+  kxxHash64 = 0x3,
+  kXXH3 = 0x4,  // Supported since RocksDB 6.27
+};
+
+// `PinningTier` is used to specify which tier of block-based tables should
+// be affected by a block cache pinning setting (see
+// `MetadataCacheOptions` below).
+enum class PinningTier {
+  // For compatibility, this value specifies to fallback to the behavior
+  // indicated by the deprecated options,
+  // `pin_l0_filter_and_index_blocks_in_cache` and
+  // `pin_top_level_index_and_filter`.
+  kFallback,
+
+  // This tier contains no block-based tables.
+  kNone,
+
+  // This tier contains block-based tables that may have originated from a
+  // memtable flush. In particular, it includes tables from L0 that are smaller
+  // than 1.5 times the current `write_buffer_size`. Note these criteria imply
+  // it can include intra-L0 compaction outputs and ingested files, as long as
+  // they are not abnormally large compared to flushed files in L0.
+  kFlushedAndSimilar,
+
+  // This tier contains all block-based tables.
+  kAll,
+};
+
+// `MetadataCacheOptions` contains members indicating the desired caching
+// behavior for the different categories of metadata blocks.
+struct MetadataCacheOptions {
+  // The tier of block-based tables whose top-level index into metadata
+  // partitions will be pinned. Currently indexes and filters may be
+  // partitioned.
+  //
+  // Note `cache_index_and_filter_blocks` must be true for this option to have
+  // any effect. Otherwise any top-level index into metadata partitions would be
+  // held in table reader memory, outside the block cache.
+  PinningTier top_level_index_pinning = PinningTier::kFallback;
+
+  // The tier of block-based tables whose metadata partitions will be pinned.
+  // Currently indexes and filters may be partitioned.
+  PinningTier partition_pinning = PinningTier::kFallback;
+
+  // The tier of block-based tables whose unpartitioned metadata blocks will be
+  // pinned.
+  //
+  // Note `cache_index_and_filter_blocks` must be true for this option to have
+  // any effect. Otherwise the unpartitioned meta-blocks would be held in table
+  // reader memory, outside the block cache.
+  PinningTier unpartitioned_pinning = PinningTier::kFallback;
+};
+
+struct CacheEntryRoleOptions {
+  enum class Decision {
+    kEnabled,
+    kDisabled,
+    kFallback,
+  };
+  Decision charged = Decision::kFallback;
+  bool operator==(const CacheEntryRoleOptions& other) const {
+    return charged == other.charged;
+  }
+};
+
+struct CacheUsageOptions {
+  CacheEntryRoleOptions options;
+  std::map<CacheEntryRole, CacheEntryRoleOptions> options_overrides;
+};
+
+// For advanced user only
+struct BlockBasedTableOptions {
+  static const char* kName() { return "BlockTableOptions"; };
+  // @flush_block_policy_factory creates the instances of flush block policy.
+  // which provides a configurable way to determine when to flush a block in
+  // the block based tables.  If not set, table builder will use the default
+  // block flush policy, which cut blocks by block size (please refer to
+  // `FlushBlockBySizePolicy`).
+  std::shared_ptr<FlushBlockPolicyFactory> flush_block_policy_factory;
+
+  // TODO(kailiu) Temporarily disable this feature by making the default value
+  // to be false.
+  //
+  // TODO(ajkr) we need to update names of variables controlling meta-block
+  // caching as they should now apply to range tombstone and compression
+  // dictionary meta-blocks, in addition to index and filter meta-blocks.
+  //
+  // Whether to put index/filter blocks in the block cache. When false,
+  // each "table reader" object will pre-load index/filter blocks during
+  // table initialization. Index and filter partition blocks always use
+  // block cache regardless of this option.
+  bool cache_index_and_filter_blocks = false;
+
+  // If cache_index_and_filter_blocks is enabled, cache index and filter
+  // blocks with high priority. If set to true, depending on implementation of
+  // block cache, index, filter, and other metadata blocks may be less likely
+  // to be evicted than data blocks.
+  bool cache_index_and_filter_blocks_with_high_priority = true;
+
+  // DEPRECATED: This option will be removed in a future version. For now, this
+  // option still takes effect by updating each of the following variables that
+  // has the default value, `PinningTier::kFallback`:
+  //
+  // - `MetadataCacheOptions::partition_pinning`
+  // - `MetadataCacheOptions::unpartitioned_pinning`
+  //
+  // The updated value is chosen as follows:
+  //
+  // - `pin_l0_filter_and_index_blocks_in_cache == false` ->
+  //   `PinningTier::kNone`
+  // - `pin_l0_filter_and_index_blocks_in_cache == true` ->
+  //   `PinningTier::kFlushedAndSimilar`
+  //
+  // To migrate away from this flag, explicitly configure
+  // `MetadataCacheOptions` as described above.
+  //
+  // if cache_index_and_filter_blocks is true and the below is true, then
+  // filter and index blocks are stored in the cache, but a reference is
+  // held in the "table reader" object so the blocks are pinned and only
+  // evicted from cache when the table reader is freed.
+  bool pin_l0_filter_and_index_blocks_in_cache = false;
+
+  // DEPRECATED: This option will be removed in a future version. For now, this
+  // option still takes effect by updating
+  // `MetadataCacheOptions::top_level_index_pinning` when it has the
+  // default value, `PinningTier::kFallback`.
+  //
+  // The updated value is chosen as follows:
+  //
+  // - `pin_top_level_index_and_filter == false` ->
+  //   `PinningTier::kNone`
+  // - `pin_top_level_index_and_filter == true` ->
+  //   `PinningTier::kAll`
+  //
+  // To migrate away from this flag, explicitly configure
+  // `MetadataCacheOptions` as described above.
+  //
+  // If cache_index_and_filter_blocks is true and the below is true, then
+  // the top-level index of partitioned filter and index blocks are stored in
+  // the cache, but a reference is held in the "table reader" object so the
+  // blocks are pinned and only evicted from cache when the table reader is
+  // freed. This is not limited to l0 in LSM tree.
+  bool pin_top_level_index_and_filter = true;
+
+  // The desired block cache pinning behavior for the different categories of
+  // metadata blocks. While pinning can reduce block cache contention, users
+  // must take care not to pin excessive amounts of data, which risks
+  // overflowing block cache.
+  MetadataCacheOptions metadata_cache_options;
+
+  // The index type that will be used for this table.
+  enum IndexType : char {
+    // A space efficient index block that is optimized for
+    // binary-search-based index.
+    kBinarySearch = 0x00,
+
+    // The hash index, if enabled, will do the hash lookup when
+    // `Options.prefix_extractor` is provided.
+    kHashSearch = 0x01,
+
+    // A two-level index implementation. Both levels are binary search indexes.
+    // Second level index blocks ("partitions") use block cache even when
+    // cache_index_and_filter_blocks=false.
+    kTwoLevelIndexSearch = 0x02,
+
+    // Like kBinarySearch, but index also contains first key of each block.
+    // This allows iterators to defer reading the block until it's actually
+    // needed. May significantly reduce read amplification of short range scans.
+    // Without it, iterator seek usually reads one block from each level-0 file
+    // and from each level, which may be expensive.
+    // Works best in combination with:
+    //  - IndexShorteningMode::kNoShortening,
+    //  - custom FlushBlockPolicy to cut blocks at some meaningful boundaries,
+    //    e.g. when prefix changes.
+    // Makes the index significantly bigger (2x or more), especially when keys
+    // are long.
+    kBinarySearchWithFirstKey = 0x03,
+  };
+
+  IndexType index_type = kBinarySearch;
+
+  // The index type that will be used for the data block.
+  enum DataBlockIndexType : char {
+    kDataBlockBinarySearch = 0,   // traditional block type
+    kDataBlockBinaryAndHash = 1,  // additional hash index
+  };
+
+  DataBlockIndexType data_block_index_type = kDataBlockBinarySearch;
+
+  // #entries/#buckets. It is valid only when data_block_hash_index_type is
+  // kDataBlockBinaryAndHash.
+  double data_block_hash_table_util_ratio = 0.75;
+
+  // Option hash_index_allow_collision is now deleted.
+  // It will behave as if hash_index_allow_collision=true.
+
+  // Use the specified checksum type. Newly created table files will be
+  // protected with this checksum type. Old table files will still be readable,
+  // even though they have different checksum type.
+  ChecksumType checksum = kXXH3;
+
+  // Disable block cache. If this is set to true,
+  // then no block cache should be used, and the block_cache should
+  // point to a nullptr object.
+  bool no_block_cache = false;
+
+  // If non-NULL use the specified cache for blocks.
+  // If NULL, rocksdb will automatically create and use a 32MB internal cache.
+  std::shared_ptr<Cache> block_cache = nullptr;
+
+  // If non-NULL use the specified cache for pages read from device
+  // IF NULL, no page cache is used
+  std::shared_ptr<PersistentCache> persistent_cache = nullptr;
+
+  // Approximate size of user data packed per block.  Note that the
+  // block size specified here corresponds to uncompressed data.  The
+  // actual size of the unit read from disk may be smaller if
+  // compression is enabled.  This parameter can be changed dynamically.
+  uint64_t block_size = 4 * 1024;
+
+  // This is used to close a block before it reaches the configured
+  // 'block_size'. If the percentage of free space in the current block is less
+  // than this specified number and adding a new record to the block will
+  // exceed the configured block size, then this block will be closed and the
+  // new record will be written to the next block.
+  int block_size_deviation = 10;
+
+  // Number of keys between restart points for delta encoding of keys.
+  // This parameter can be changed dynamically.  Most clients should
+  // leave this parameter alone.  The minimum value allowed is 1.  Any smaller
+  // value will be silently overwritten with 1.
+  int block_restart_interval = 16;
+
+  // Same as block_restart_interval but used for the index block.
+  int index_block_restart_interval = 1;
+
+  // Block size for partitioned metadata. Currently applied to indexes when
+  // kTwoLevelIndexSearch is used and to filters when partition_filters is used.
+  // Note: Since in the current implementation the filters and index partitions
+  // are aligned, an index/filter block is created when either index or filter
+  // block size reaches the specified limit.
+  // Note: this limit is currently applied to only index blocks; a filter
+  // partition is cut right after an index block is cut
+  // TODO(myabandeh): remove the note above when filter partitions are cut
+  // separately
+  uint64_t metadata_block_size = 4096;
+
+  // `cache_usage_options` allows users to specify the default
+  // options (`cache_usage_options.options`) and the overriding
+  // options (`cache_usage_options.options_overrides`)
+  // for different `CacheEntryRole` under various features related to cache
+  // usage.
+  //
+  // For a certain `CacheEntryRole role` and a certain feature `f` of
+  // `CacheEntryRoleOptions`:
+  // 1. If `options_overrides` has an entry for `role` and
+  // `options_overrides[role].f != kFallback`, we use
+  // `options_overrides[role].f`
+  // 2. Otherwise, if `options[role].f != kFallback`, we use `options[role].f`
+  // 3. Otherwise, we follow the compatible existing behavior for `f` (see
+  // each feature's comment for more)
+  //
+  // `cache_usage_options` currently supports specifying options for the
+  // following features:
+  //
+  // 1. Memory charging to block cache (`CacheEntryRoleOptions::charged`)
+  // Memory charging is a feature of accounting memory usage of specific area
+  // (represented by `CacheEntryRole`) toward usage in block cache (if
+  // available), by updating a dynamical charge to the block cache loosely based
+  // on the actual memory usage of that area.
+  //
+  // (a) CacheEntryRole::kCompressionDictionaryBuildingBuffer
+  // (i) If kEnabled:
+  // Charge memory usage of the buffered data used as training samples for
+  // dictionary compression.
+  // If such memory usage exceeds the avaible space left in the block cache
+  // at some point (i.e, causing a cache full under
+  // `LRUCacheOptions::strict_capacity_limit` = true), the data will then be
+  // unbuffered.
+  // (ii) If kDisabled:
+  // Does not charge the memory usage mentioned above.
+  // (iii) Compatible existing behavior:
+  // Same as kEnabled.
+  //
+  // (b) CacheEntryRole::kFilterConstruction
+  // (i) If kEnabled:
+  // Charge memory usage of Bloom Filter
+  // (format_version >= 5) and Ribbon Filter construction.
+  // If additional temporary memory of Ribbon Filter exceeds the avaible
+  // space left in the block cache at some point (i.e, causing a cache full
+  // under `LRUCacheOptions::strict_capacity_limit` = true),
+  // construction will fall back to Bloom Filter.
+  // (ii) If kDisabled:
+  // Does not charge the memory usage mentioned above.
+  // (iii) Compatible existing behavior:
+  // Same as kDisabled.
+  //
+  // (c) CacheEntryRole::kBlockBasedTableReader
+  // (i) If kEnabled:
+  // Charge memory usage of table properties +
+  // index block/filter block/uncompression dictionary (when stored in table
+  // reader i.e, BlockBasedTableOptions::cache_index_and_filter_blocks ==
+  // false) + some internal data structures during table reader creation.
+  // If such a table reader exceeds
+  // the avaible space left in the block cache at some point (i.e, causing
+  // a cache full under `LRUCacheOptions::strict_capacity_limit` = true),
+  // creation will fail with Status::MemoryLimit().
+  // (ii) If kDisabled:
+  // Does not charge the memory usage mentioned above.
+  // (iii) Compatible existing behavior:
+  // Same as kDisabled.
+  //
+  // (d) CacheEntryRole::kFileMetadata
+  // (i) If kEnabled:
+  // Charge memory usage of file metadata. RocksDB holds one file metadata
+  // structure in-memory per on-disk table file.
+  // If such file metadata's
+  // memory exceeds the avaible space left in the block cache at some point
+  // (i.e, causing a cache full under `LRUCacheOptions::strict_capacity_limit` =
+  // true), creation will fail with Status::MemoryLimit().
+  // (ii) If kDisabled:
+  // Does not charge the memory usage mentioned above.
+  // (iii) Compatible existing behavior:
+  // Same as kDisabled.
+  //
+  // (e) Other CacheEntryRole
+  // Not supported.
+  // `Status::kNotSupported` will be returned if
+  // `CacheEntryRoleOptions::charged` is set to {`kEnabled`, `kDisabled`}.
+  //
+  //
+  // 2. More to come ...
+  //
+  CacheUsageOptions cache_usage_options;
+
+  // Note: currently this option requires kTwoLevelIndexSearch to be set as
+  // well.
+  // TODO(myabandeh): remove the note above once the limitation is lifted
+  // Use partitioned full filters for each SST file. This option is
+  // incompatible with block-based filters. Filter partition blocks use
+  // block cache even when cache_index_and_filter_blocks=false.
+  bool partition_filters = false;
+
+  // Option to generate Bloom/Ribbon filters that minimize memory
+  // internal fragmentation.
+  //
+  // When false, malloc_usable_size is not available, or format_version < 5,
+  // filters are generated without regard to internal fragmentation when
+  // loaded into memory (historical behavior). When true (and
+  // malloc_usable_size is available and format_version >= 5), then
+  // filters are generated to "round up" and "round down" their sizes to
+  // minimize internal fragmentation when loaded into memory, assuming the
+  // reading DB has the same memory allocation characteristics as the
+  // generating DB. This option does not break forward or backward
+  // compatibility.
+  //
+  // While individual filters will vary in bits/key and false positive rate
+  // when setting is true, the implementation attempts to maintain a weighted
+  // average FP rate for filters consistent with this option set to false.
+  //
+  // With Jemalloc for example, this setting is expected to save about 10% of
+  // the memory footprint and block cache charge of filters, while increasing
+  // disk usage of filters by about 1-2% due to encoding efficiency losses
+  // with variance in bits/key.
+  //
+  // NOTE: Because some memory counted by block cache might be unmapped pages
+  // within internal fragmentation, this option can increase observed RSS
+  // memory usage. With cache_index_and_filter_blocks=true, this option makes
+  // the block cache better at using space it is allowed. (These issues
+  // should not arise with partitioned filters.)
+  //
+  // NOTE: Do not set to true if you do not trust malloc_usable_size. With
+  // this option, RocksDB might access an allocated memory object beyond its
+  // original size if malloc_usable_size says it is safe to do so. While this
+  // can be considered bad practice, it should not produce undefined behavior
+  // unless malloc_usable_size is buggy or broken.
+  bool optimize_filters_for_memory = false;
+
+  // Use delta encoding to compress keys in blocks.
+  // ReadOptions::pin_data requires this option to be disabled.
+  //
+  // Default: true
+  bool use_delta_encoding = true;
+
+  // If non-nullptr, use the specified filter policy to reduce disk reads.
+  // Many applications will benefit from passing the result of
+  // NewBloomFilterPolicy() here.
+  std::shared_ptr<const FilterPolicy> filter_policy = nullptr;
+
+  // If true, place whole keys in the filter (not just prefixes).
+  // This must generally be true for gets to be efficient.
+  bool whole_key_filtering = true;
+
+  // If true, detect corruption during Bloom Filter (format_version >= 5)
+  // and Ribbon Filter construction.
+  //
+  // This is an extra check that is only
+  // useful in detecting software bugs or CPU+memory malfunction.
+  // Turning on this feature increases filter construction time by 30%.
+  //
+  // This parameter can be changed dynamically by
+  // DB::SetOptions({{"block_based_table_factory",
+  //                  "{detect_filter_construct_corruption=true;}"}});
+  //
+  // TODO: optimize this performance
+  bool detect_filter_construct_corruption = false;
+
+  // Verify that decompressing the compressed block gives back the input. This
+  // is a verification mode that we use to detect bugs in compression
+  // algorithms.
+  bool verify_compression = false;
+
+  // If used, For every data block we load into memory, we will create a bitmap
+  // of size ((block_size / `read_amp_bytes_per_bit`) / 8) bytes. This bitmap
+  // will be used to figure out the percentage we actually read of the blocks.
+  //
+  // When this feature is used Tickers::READ_AMP_ESTIMATE_USEFUL_BYTES and
+  // Tickers::READ_AMP_TOTAL_READ_BYTES can be used to calculate the
+  // read amplification using this formula
+  // (READ_AMP_TOTAL_READ_BYTES / READ_AMP_ESTIMATE_USEFUL_BYTES)
+  //
+  // value  =>  memory usage (percentage of loaded blocks memory)
+  // 1      =>  12.50 %
+  // 2      =>  06.25 %
+  // 4      =>  03.12 %
+  // 8      =>  01.56 %
+  // 16     =>  00.78 %
+  //
+  // Note: This number must be a power of 2, if not it will be sanitized
+  // to be the next lowest power of 2, for example a value of 7 will be
+  // treated as 4, a value of 19 will be treated as 16.
+  //
+  // Default: 0 (disabled)
+  uint32_t read_amp_bytes_per_bit = 0;
+
+  // We currently have these versions:
+  // 0 -- This version can be read by really old RocksDB's. Doesn't support
+  // changing checksum type (default is CRC32).
+  // 1 -- Can be read by RocksDB's versions since 3.0. Supports non-default
+  // checksum, like xxHash. It is written by RocksDB when
+  // BlockBasedTableOptions::checksum is something other than kCRC32c. (version
+  // 0 is silently upconverted)
+  // 2 -- Can be read by RocksDB's versions since 3.10. Changes the way we
+  // encode compressed blocks with LZ4, BZip2 and Zlib compression. If you
+  // don't plan to run RocksDB before version 3.10, you should probably use
+  // this.
+  // 3 -- Can be read by RocksDB's versions since 5.15. Changes the way we
+  // encode the keys in index blocks. If you don't plan to run RocksDB before
+  // version 5.15, you should probably use this.
+  // This option only affects newly written tables. When reading existing
+  // tables, the information about version is read from the footer.
+  // 4 -- Can be read by RocksDB's versions since 5.16. Changes the way we
+  // encode the values in index blocks. If you don't plan to run RocksDB before
+  // version 5.16 and you are using index_block_restart_interval > 1, you should
+  // probably use this as it would reduce the index size.
+  // This option only affects newly written tables. When reading existing
+  // tables, the information about version is read from the footer.
+  // 5 -- Can be read by RocksDB's versions since 6.6.0. Full and partitioned
+  // filters use a generally faster and more accurate Bloom filter
+  // implementation, with a different schema.
+  uint32_t format_version = 5;
+
+  // Store index blocks on disk in compressed format. Changing this option to
+  // false  will avoid the overhead of decompression if index blocks are evicted
+  // and read back
+  bool enable_index_compression = true;
+
+  // Align data blocks on lesser of page size and block size
+  bool block_align = false;
+
+  // This enum allows trading off increased index size for improved iterator
+  // seek performance in some situations, particularly when block cache is
+  // disabled (ReadOptions::fill_cache = false) and direct IO is
+  // enabled (DBOptions::use_direct_reads = true).
+  // The default mode is the best tradeoff for most use cases.
+  // This option only affects newly written tables.
+  //
+  // The index contains a key separating each pair of consecutive blocks.
+  // Let A be the highest key in one block, B the lowest key in the next block,
+  // and I the index entry separating these two blocks:
+  // [ ... A] I [B ...]
+  // I is allowed to be anywhere in [A, B).
+  // If an iterator is seeked to a key in (A, I], we'll unnecessarily read the
+  // first block, then immediately fall through to the second block.
+  // However, if I=A, this can't happen, and we'll read only the second block.
+  // In kNoShortening mode, we use I=A. In other modes, we use the shortest
+  // key in [A, B), which usually significantly reduces index size.
+  //
+  // There's a similar story for the last index entry, which is an upper bound
+  // of the highest key in the file. If it's shortened and therefore
+  // overestimated, iterator is likely to unnecessarily read the last data block
+  // from each file on each seek.
+  enum class IndexShorteningMode : char {
+    // Use full keys.
+    kNoShortening,
+    // Shorten index keys between blocks, but use full key for the last index
+    // key, which is the upper bound of the whole file.
+    kShortenSeparators,
+    // Shorten both keys between blocks and key after last block.
+    kShortenSeparatorsAndSuccessor,
+  };
+
+  IndexShorteningMode index_shortening =
+      IndexShorteningMode::kShortenSeparators;
+
+  // RocksDB does auto-readahead for iterators on noticing more than two reads
+  // for a table file if user doesn't provide readahead_size. The readahead
+  // starts at BlockBasedTableOptions.initial_auto_readahead_size (default: 8KB)
+  // and doubles on every additional read upto max_auto_readahead_size and
+  // max_auto_readahead_size can be configured.
+  //
+  // Special Value: 0 - If max_auto_readahead_size is set 0 then it will disable
+  // the implicit auto prefetching.
+  // If max_auto_readahead_size provided is less
+  // than initial_auto_readahead_size, then RocksDB will sanitize the
+  // initial_auto_readahead_size and set it to max_auto_readahead_size.
+  //
+  // Value should be provided along with KB i.e. 256 * 1024 as it will prefetch
+  // the blocks.
+  //
+  // Found that 256 KB readahead size provides the best performance, based on
+  // experiments, for auto readahead. Experiment data is in PR #3282.
+  //
+  // This parameter can be changed dynamically by
+  // DB::SetOptions({{"block_based_table_factory",
+  //                  "{max_auto_readahead_size=0;}"}}));
+  //
+  // Changing the value dynamically will only affect files opened after the
+  // change.
+  //
+  // Default: 256 KB (256 * 1024).
+  size_t max_auto_readahead_size = 256 * 1024;
+
+  // If enabled, prepopulate warm/hot blocks (data, uncompressed dict, index and
+  // filter blocks) which are already in memory into block cache at the time of
+  // flush. On a flush, the block that is in memory (in memtables) get flushed
+  // to the device. If using Direct IO, additional IO is incurred to read this
+  // data back into memory again, which is avoided by enabling this option. This
+  // further helps if the workload exhibits high temporal locality, where most
+  // of the reads go to recently written data. This also helps in case of
+  // Distributed FileSystem.
+  //
+  // This parameter can be changed dynamically by
+  // DB::SetOptions({{"block_based_table_factory",
+  //                  "{prepopulate_block_cache=kFlushOnly;}"}}));
+  enum class PrepopulateBlockCache : char {
+    // Disable prepopulate block cache.
+    kDisable,
+    // Prepopulate blocks during flush only.
+    kFlushOnly,
+  };
+
+  PrepopulateBlockCache prepopulate_block_cache =
+      PrepopulateBlockCache::kDisable;
+
+  // RocksDB does auto-readahead for iterators on noticing more than two reads
+  // for a table file if user doesn't provide readahead_size. The readahead size
+  // starts at initial_auto_readahead_size and doubles on every additional read
+  // upto BlockBasedTableOptions.max_auto_readahead_size.
+  // max_auto_readahead_size can also be configured.
+  //
+  // Scenarios:
+  // - If initial_auto_readahead_size is set 0 then it will disabled the
+  //   implicit auto prefetching irrespective of max_auto_readahead_size.
+  // - If max_auto_readahead_size is set 0, it will disable the internal
+  //    prefetching irrespective of initial_auto_readahead_size.
+  // - If initial_auto_readahead_size > max_auto_readahead_size, then RocksDB
+  //   will sanitize the value of initial_auto_readahead_size to
+  //   max_auto_readahead_size and readahead_size will be
+  //   max_auto_readahead_size.
+  //
+  // Value should be provided along with KB i.e. 8 * 1024 as it will prefetch
+  // the blocks.
+  //
+  // This parameter can be changed dynamically by
+  // DB::SetOptions({{"block_based_table_factory",
+  //                  "{initial_auto_readahead_size=0;}"}}));
+  //
+  // Changing the value dynamically will only affect files opened after the
+  // change.
+  //
+  // Default: 8 KB (8 * 1024).
+  size_t initial_auto_readahead_size = 8 * 1024;
+
+  // RocksDB does auto-readahead for iterators on noticing more than two reads
+  // for a table file if user doesn't provide readahead_size and reads are
+  // sequential.
+  // num_file_reads_for_auto_readahead indicates after how many
+  // sequential reads internal auto prefetching should be start.
+  //
+  // For example, if value is 2 then after reading 2 sequential data blocks on
+  // third data block prefetching will start.
+  // If set 0, it will start prefetching from the first read.
+  //
+  // This parameter can be changed dynamically by
+  // DB::SetOptions({{"block_based_table_factory",
+  //                  "{num_file_reads_for_auto_readahead=0;}"}}));
+  //
+  // Changing the value dynamically will only affect files opened after the
+  // change.
+  //
+  // Default: 2
+  uint64_t num_file_reads_for_auto_readahead = 2;
+};
+
+// Table Properties that are specific to block-based table properties.
+struct BlockBasedTablePropertyNames {
+  // value of this properties is a fixed int32 number.
+  static const std::string kIndexType;
+  // value is "1" for true and "0" for false.
+  static const std::string kWholeKeyFiltering;
+  // value is "1" for true and "0" for false.
+  static const std::string kPrefixFiltering;
+};
+
+// Create default block based table factory.
+extern TableFactory* NewBlockBasedTableFactory(
+    const BlockBasedTableOptions& table_options = BlockBasedTableOptions());
+
+
+enum EncodingType : char {
+  // Always write full keys without any special encoding.
+  kPlain,
+  // Find opportunity to write the same prefix once for multiple rows.
+  // In some cases, when a key follows a previous key with the same prefix,
+  // instead of writing out the full key, it just writes out the size of the
+  // shared prefix, as well as other bytes, to save some bytes.
+  //
+  // When using this option, the user is required to use the same prefix
+  // extractor to make sure the same prefix will be extracted from the same key.
+  // The Name() value of the prefix extractor will be stored in the file. When
+  // reopening the file, the name of the options.prefix_extractor given will be
+  // bitwise compared to the prefix extractors stored in the file. An error
+  // will be returned if the two don't match.
+  kPrefix,
+};
+
+// Table Properties that are specific to plain table properties.
+struct PlainTablePropertyNames {
+  static const std::string kEncodingType;
+  static const std::string kBloomVersion;
+  static const std::string kNumBloomBlocks;
+};
+
+const uint32_t kPlainTableVariableLength = 0;
+
+struct PlainTableOptions {
+  static const char* kName() { return "PlainTableOptions"; };
+  // @user_key_len: plain table has optimization for fix-sized keys, which can
+  //                be specified via user_key_len.  Alternatively, you can pass
+  //                `kPlainTableVariableLength` if your keys have variable
+  //                lengths.
+  uint32_t user_key_len = kPlainTableVariableLength;
+
+  // @bloom_bits_per_key: the number of bits used for bloom filer per prefix.
+  //                      You may disable it by passing a zero.
+  int bloom_bits_per_key = 10;
+
+  // @hash_table_ratio: the desired utilization of the hash table used for
+  //                    prefix hashing.
+  //                    hash_table_ratio = number of prefixes / #buckets in the
+  //                    hash table
+  double hash_table_ratio = 0.75;
+
+  // @index_sparseness: inside each prefix, need to build one index record for
+  //                    how many keys for binary search inside each hash bucket.
+  //                    For encoding type kPrefix, the value will be used when
+  //                    writing to determine an interval to rewrite the full
+  //                    key. It will also be used as a suggestion and satisfied
+  //                    when possible.
+  size_t index_sparseness = 16;
+
+  // @huge_page_tlb_size: if <=0, allocate hash indexes and blooms from malloc.
+  //                      Otherwise from huge page TLB. The user needs to
+  //                      reserve huge pages for it to be allocated, like:
+  //                          sysctl -w vm.nr_hugepages=20
+  //                      See linux doc Documentation/vm/hugetlbpage.txt
+  size_t huge_page_tlb_size = 0;
+
+  // @encoding_type: how to encode the keys. See enum EncodingType above for
+  //                 the choices. The value will determine how to encode keys
+  //                 when writing to a new SST file. This value will be stored
+  //                 inside the SST file which will be used when reading from
+  //                 the file, which makes it possible for users to choose
+  //                 different encoding type when reopening a DB. Files with
+  //                 different encoding types can co-exist in the same DB and
+  //                 can be read.
+  EncodingType encoding_type = kPlain;
+
+  // @full_scan_mode: mode for reading the whole file one record by one without
+  //                  using the index.
+  bool full_scan_mode = false;
+
+  // @store_index_in_file: compute plain table index and bloom filter during
+  //                       file building and store it in file. When reading
+  //                       file, index will be mapped instead of recomputation.
+  bool store_index_in_file = false;
+};
+
+// -- Plain Table with prefix-only seek
+// For this factory, you need to set Options.prefix_extractor properly to make
+// it work. Look-up will starts with prefix hash lookup for key prefix. Inside
+// the hash bucket found, a binary search is executed for hash conflicts.
+// Finally, a linear search is used.
+
+extern TableFactory* NewPlainTableFactory(
+    const PlainTableOptions& options = PlainTableOptions());
+
+struct CuckooTablePropertyNames {
+  // The key that is used to fill empty buckets.
+  static const std::string kEmptyKey;
+  // Fixed length of value.
+  static const std::string kValueLength;
+  // Number of hash functions used in Cuckoo Hash.
+  static const std::string kNumHashFunc;
+  // It denotes the number of buckets in a Cuckoo Block. Given a key and a
+  // particular hash function, a Cuckoo Block is a set of consecutive buckets,
+  // where starting bucket id is given by the hash function on the key. In case
+  // of a collision during inserting the key, the builder tries to insert the
+  // key in other locations of the cuckoo block before using the next hash
+  // function. This reduces cache miss during read operation in case of
+  // collision.
+  static const std::string kCuckooBlockSize;
+  // Size of the hash table. Use this number to compute the modulo of hash
+  // function. The actual number of buckets will be kMaxHashTableSize +
+  // kCuckooBlockSize - 1. The last kCuckooBlockSize-1 buckets are used to
+  // accommodate the Cuckoo Block from end of hash table, due to cache friendly
+  // implementation.
+  static const std::string kHashTableSize;
+  // Denotes if the key sorted in the file is Internal Key (if false)
+  // or User Key only (if true).
+  static const std::string kIsLastLevel;
+  // Indicate if using identity function for the first hash function.
+  static const std::string kIdentityAsFirstHash;
+  // Indicate if using module or bit and to calculate hash value
+  static const std::string kUseModuleHash;
+  // Fixed user key length
+  static const std::string kUserKeyLength;
+};
+
+struct CuckooTableOptions {
+  static const char* kName() { return "CuckooTableOptions"; };
+
+  // Determines the utilization of hash tables. Smaller values
+  // result in larger hash tables with fewer collisions.
+  double hash_table_ratio = 0.9;
+  // A property used by builder to determine the depth to go to
+  // to search for a path to displace elements in case of
+  // collision. See Builder.MakeSpaceForKey method. Higher
+  // values result in more efficient hash tables with fewer
+  // lookups but take more time to build.
+  uint32_t max_search_depth = 100;
+  // In case of collision while inserting, the builder
+  // attempts to insert in the next cuckoo_block_size
+  // locations before skipping over to the next Cuckoo hash
+  // function. This makes lookups more cache friendly in case
+  // of collisions.
+  uint32_t cuckoo_block_size = 5;
+  // If this option is enabled, user key is treated as uint64_t and its value
+  // is used as hash value directly. This option changes builder's behavior.
+  // Reader ignore this option and behave according to what specified in table
+  // property.
+  bool identity_as_first_hash = false;
+  // If this option is set to true, module is used during hash calculation.
+  // This often yields better space efficiency at the cost of performance.
+  // If this option is set to false, # of entries in table is constrained to be
+  // power of two, and bit and is used to calculate hash, which is faster in
+  // general.
+  bool use_module_hash = true;
+};
+
+// Cuckoo Table Factory for SST table format using Cache Friendly Cuckoo Hashing
+extern TableFactory* NewCuckooTableFactory(
+    const CuckooTableOptions& table_options = CuckooTableOptions());
+
+
+class RandomAccessFileReader;
+
+// A base class for table factories.
+class TableFactory : public Customizable {
+ public:
+  virtual ~TableFactory() override {}
+
+  static const char* kBlockCacheOpts() { return "BlockCache"; };
+  static const char* kBlockBasedTableName() { return "BlockBasedTable"; };
+  static const char* kPlainTableName() { return "PlainTable"; }
+  static const char* kCuckooTableName() { return "CuckooTable"; };
+
+  // Creates and configures a new TableFactory from the input options and id.
+  static Status CreateFromString(const ConfigOptions& config_options,
+                                 const std::string& id,
+                                 std::shared_ptr<TableFactory>* factory);
+
+  static const char* Type() { return "TableFactory"; }
+
+  // Returns a Table object table that can fetch data from file specified
+  // in parameter file. It's the caller's responsibility to make sure
+  // file is in the correct format.
+  //
+  // NewTableReader() is called in three places:
+  // (1) TableCache::FindTable() calls the function when table cache miss
+  //     and cache the table object returned.
+  // (2) SstFileDumper (for SST Dump) opens the table and dump the table
+  //     contents using the iterator of the table.
+  // (3) DBImpl::IngestExternalFile() calls this function to read the contents
+  //     of the sst file it's attempting to add
+  //
+  // table_reader_options is a TableReaderOptions which contain all the
+  //    needed parameters and configuration to open the table.
+  // file is a file handler to handle the file for the table.
+  // file_size is the physical file size of the file.
+  // table_reader is the output table reader.
+  virtual Status NewTableReader(
+      const TableReaderOptions& table_reader_options,
+      std::unique_ptr<RandomAccessFileReader>&& file, uint64_t file_size,
+      std::unique_ptr<TableReader>* table_reader,
+      bool prefetch_index_and_filter_in_cache = true) const {
+    ReadOptions ro;
+    return NewTableReader(ro, table_reader_options, std::move(file), file_size,
+                          table_reader, prefetch_index_and_filter_in_cache);
+  }
+
+  // Overload of the above function that allows the caller to pass in a
+  // ReadOptions
+  virtual Status NewTableReader(
+      const ReadOptions& ro, const TableReaderOptions& table_reader_options,
+      std::unique_ptr<RandomAccessFileReader>&& file, uint64_t file_size,
+      std::unique_ptr<TableReader>* table_reader,
+      bool prefetch_index_and_filter_in_cache) const = 0;
+
+  // Return a table builder to write to a file for this table type.
+  //
+  // It is called in several places:
+  // (1) When flushing memtable to a level-0 output file, it creates a table
+  //     builder (In DBImpl::WriteLevel0Table(), by calling BuildTable())
+  // (2) During compaction, it gets the builder for writing compaction output
+  //     files in DBImpl::OpenCompactionOutputFile().
+  // (3) When recovering from transaction logs, it creates a table builder to
+  //     write to a level-0 output file (In DBImpl::WriteLevel0TableForRecovery,
+  //     by calling BuildTable())
+  // (4) When running Repairer, it creates a table builder to convert logs to
+  //     SST files (In Repairer::ConvertLogToTable() by calling BuildTable())
+  //
+  // Multiple configured can be accessed from there, including and not limited
+  // to compression options. file is a handle of a writable file.
+  // It is the caller's responsibility to keep the file open and close the file
+  // after closing the table builder. compression_type is the compression type
+  // to use in this table.
+  virtual TableBuilder* NewTableBuilder(
+      const TableBuilderOptions& table_builder_options,
+      WritableFileWriter* file) const = 0;
+
+  // Return is delete range supported
+  virtual bool IsDeleteRangeSupported() const { return false; }
+};
+
+// Create a special table factory that can open either of the supported
+// table formats, based on setting inside the SST files. It should be used to
+// convert a DB from one table format to another.
+// @table_factory_to_write: the table factory used when writing to new files.
+// @block_based_table_factory:  block based table factory to use. If NULL, use
+//                              a default one.
+// @plain_table_factory: plain table factory to use. If NULL, use a default one.
+// @cuckoo_table_factory: cuckoo table factory to use. If NULL, use a default
+// one.
+extern TableFactory* NewAdaptiveTableFactory(
+    std::shared_ptr<TableFactory> table_factory_to_write = nullptr,
+    std::shared_ptr<TableFactory> block_based_table_factory = nullptr,
+    std::shared_ptr<TableFactory> plain_table_factory = nullptr,
+    std::shared_ptr<TableFactory> cuckoo_table_factory = nullptr);
+
+
+}  // namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE