com.googler.python 1.0.0

package/python3.4.2/lib/python3.4/test/test_descr.py

@@ -0,0 +1,5006 @@
+import builtins
+import copyreg
+import gc
+import itertools
+import math
+import pickle
+import sys
+import types
+import unittest
+import weakref
+
+from copy import deepcopy
+from test import support
+
+
+class OperatorsTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        unittest.TestCase.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
+        self.binops = {
+            'add': '+',
+            'sub': '-',
+            'mul': '*',
+            'div': '/',
+            'divmod': 'divmod',
+            'pow': '**',
+            'lshift': '<<',
+            'rshift': '>>',
+            'and': '&',
+            'xor': '^',
+            'or': '|',
+            'cmp': 'cmp',
+            'lt': '<',
+            'le': '<=',
+            'eq': '==',
+            'ne': '!=',
+            'gt': '>',
+            'ge': '>=',
+        }
+
+        for name, expr in list(self.binops.items()):
+            if expr.islower():
+                expr = expr + "(a, b)"
+            else:
+                expr = 'a %s b' % expr
+            self.binops[name] = expr
+
+        self.unops = {
+            'pos': '+',
+            'neg': '-',
+            'abs': 'abs',
+            'invert': '~',
+            'int': 'int',
+            'float': 'float',
+            'oct': 'oct',
+            'hex': 'hex',
+        }
+
+        for name, expr in list(self.unops.items()):
+            if expr.islower():
+                expr = expr + "(a)"
+            else:
+                expr = '%s a' % expr
+            self.unops[name] = expr
+
+    def unop_test(self, a, res, expr="len(a)", meth="__len__"):
+        d = {'a': a}
+        self.assertEqual(eval(expr, d), res)
+        t = type(a)
+        m = getattr(t, meth)
+
+        # Find method in parent class
+        while meth not in t.__dict__:
+            t = t.__bases__[0]
+        # in some implementations (e.g. PyPy), 'm' can be a regular unbound
+        # method object; the getattr() below obtains its underlying function.
+        self.assertEqual(getattr(m, 'im_func', m), t.__dict__[meth])
+        self.assertEqual(m(a), res)
+        bm = getattr(a, meth)
+        self.assertEqual(bm(), res)
+
+    def binop_test(self, a, b, res, expr="a+b", meth="__add__"):
+        d = {'a': a, 'b': b}
+
+        # XXX Hack so this passes before 2.3 when -Qnew is specified.
+        if meth == "__div__" and 1/2 == 0.5:
+            meth = "__truediv__"
+
+        if meth == '__divmod__': pass
+
+        self.assertEqual(eval(expr, d), res)
+        t = type(a)
+        m = getattr(t, meth)
+        while meth not in t.__dict__:
+            t = t.__bases__[0]
+        # in some implementations (e.g. PyPy), 'm' can be a regular unbound
+        # method object; the getattr() below obtains its underlying function.
+        self.assertEqual(getattr(m, 'im_func', m), t.__dict__[meth])
+        self.assertEqual(m(a, b), res)
+        bm = getattr(a, meth)
+        self.assertEqual(bm(b), res)
+
+    def sliceop_test(self, a, b, c, res, expr="a[b:c]", meth="__getitem__"):
+        d = {'a': a, 'b': b, 'c': c}
+        self.assertEqual(eval(expr, d), res)
+        t = type(a)
+        m = getattr(t, meth)
+        while meth not in t.__dict__:
+            t = t.__bases__[0]
+        # in some implementations (e.g. PyPy), 'm' can be a regular unbound
+        # method object; the getattr() below obtains its underlying function.
+        self.assertEqual(getattr(m, 'im_func', m), t.__dict__[meth])
+        self.assertEqual(m(a, slice(b, c)), res)
+        bm = getattr(a, meth)
+        self.assertEqual(bm(slice(b, c)), res)
+
+    def setop_test(self, a, b, res, stmt="a+=b", meth="__iadd__"):
+        d = {'a': deepcopy(a), 'b': b}
+        exec(stmt, d)
+        self.assertEqual(d['a'], res)
+        t = type(a)
+        m = getattr(t, meth)
+        while meth not in t.__dict__:
+            t = t.__bases__[0]
+        # in some implementations (e.g. PyPy), 'm' can be a regular unbound
+        # method object; the getattr() below obtains its underlying function.
+        self.assertEqual(getattr(m, 'im_func', m), t.__dict__[meth])
+        d['a'] = deepcopy(a)
+        m(d['a'], b)
+        self.assertEqual(d['a'], res)
+        d['a'] = deepcopy(a)
+        bm = getattr(d['a'], meth)
+        bm(b)
+        self.assertEqual(d['a'], res)
+
+    def set2op_test(self, a, b, c, res, stmt="a[b]=c", meth="__setitem__"):
+        d = {'a': deepcopy(a), 'b': b, 'c': c}
+        exec(stmt, d)
+        self.assertEqual(d['a'], res)
+        t = type(a)
+        m = getattr(t, meth)
+        while meth not in t.__dict__:
+            t = t.__bases__[0]
+        # in some implementations (e.g. PyPy), 'm' can be a regular unbound
+        # method object; the getattr() below obtains its underlying function.
+        self.assertEqual(getattr(m, 'im_func', m), t.__dict__[meth])
+        d['a'] = deepcopy(a)
+        m(d['a'], b, c)
+        self.assertEqual(d['a'], res)
+        d['a'] = deepcopy(a)
+        bm = getattr(d['a'], meth)
+        bm(b, c)
+        self.assertEqual(d['a'], res)
+
+    def setsliceop_test(self, a, b, c, d, res, stmt="a[b:c]=d", meth="__setitem__"):
+        dictionary = {'a': deepcopy(a), 'b': b, 'c': c, 'd': d}
+        exec(stmt, dictionary)
+        self.assertEqual(dictionary['a'], res)
+        t = type(a)
+        while meth not in t.__dict__:
+            t = t.__bases__[0]
+        m = getattr(t, meth)
+        # in some implementations (e.g. PyPy), 'm' can be a regular unbound
+        # method object; the getattr() below obtains its underlying function.
+        self.assertEqual(getattr(m, 'im_func', m), t.__dict__[meth])
+        dictionary['a'] = deepcopy(a)
+        m(dictionary['a'], slice(b, c), d)
+        self.assertEqual(dictionary['a'], res)
+        dictionary['a'] = deepcopy(a)
+        bm = getattr(dictionary['a'], meth)
+        bm(slice(b, c), d)
+        self.assertEqual(dictionary['a'], res)
+
+    def test_lists(self):
+        # Testing list operations...
+        # Asserts are within individual test methods
+        self.binop_test([1], [2], [1,2], "a+b", "__add__")
+        self.binop_test([1,2,3], 2, 1, "b in a", "__contains__")
+        self.binop_test([1,2,3], 4, 0, "b in a", "__contains__")
+        self.binop_test([1,2,3], 1, 2, "a[b]", "__getitem__")
+        self.sliceop_test([1,2,3], 0, 2, [1,2], "a[b:c]", "__getitem__")
+        self.setop_test([1], [2], [1,2], "a+=b", "__iadd__")
+        self.setop_test([1,2], 3, [1,2,1,2,1,2], "a*=b", "__imul__")
+        self.unop_test([1,2,3], 3, "len(a)", "__len__")
+        self.binop_test([1,2], 3, [1,2,1,2,1,2], "a*b", "__mul__")
+        self.binop_test([1,2], 3, [1,2,1,2,1,2], "b*a", "__rmul__")
+        self.set2op_test([1,2], 1, 3, [1,3], "a[b]=c", "__setitem__")
+        self.setsliceop_test([1,2,3,4], 1, 3, [5,6], [1,5,6,4], "a[b:c]=d",
+                        "__setitem__")
+
+    def test_dicts(self):
+        # Testing dict operations...
+        self.binop_test({1:2,3:4}, 1, 1, "b in a", "__contains__")
+        self.binop_test({1:2,3:4}, 2, 0, "b in a", "__contains__")
+        self.binop_test({1:2,3:4}, 1, 2, "a[b]", "__getitem__")
+
+        d = {1:2, 3:4}
+        l1 = []
+        for i in list(d.keys()):
+            l1.append(i)
+        l = []
+        for i in iter(d):
+            l.append(i)
+        self.assertEqual(l, l1)
+        l = []
+        for i in d.__iter__():
+            l.append(i)
+        self.assertEqual(l, l1)
+        l = []
+        for i in dict.__iter__(d):
+            l.append(i)
+        self.assertEqual(l, l1)
+        d = {1:2, 3:4}
+        self.unop_test(d, 2, "len(a)", "__len__")
+        self.assertEqual(eval(repr(d), {}), d)
+        self.assertEqual(eval(d.__repr__(), {}), d)
+        self.set2op_test({1:2,3:4}, 2, 3, {1:2,2:3,3:4}, "a[b]=c",
+                        "__setitem__")
+
+    # Tests for unary and binary operators
+    def number_operators(self, a, b, skip=[]):
+        dict = {'a': a, 'b': b}
+
+        for name, expr in list(self.binops.items()):
+            if name not in skip:
+                name = "__%s__" % name
+                if hasattr(a, name):
+                    res = eval(expr, dict)
+                    self.binop_test(a, b, res, expr, name)
+
+        for name, expr in list(self.unops.items()):
+            if name not in skip:
+                name = "__%s__" % name
+                if hasattr(a, name):
+                    res = eval(expr, dict)
+                    self.unop_test(a, res, expr, name)
+
+    def test_ints(self):
+        # Testing int operations...
+        self.number_operators(100, 3)
+        # The following crashes in Python 2.2
+        self.assertEqual((1).__bool__(), 1)
+        self.assertEqual((0).__bool__(), 0)
+        # This returns 'NotImplemented' in Python 2.2
+        class C(int):
+            def __add__(self, other):
+                return NotImplemented
+        self.assertEqual(C(5), 5)
+        try:
+            C() + ""
+        except TypeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            self.fail("NotImplemented should have caused TypeError")
+
+    def test_floats(self):
+        # Testing float operations...
+        self.number_operators(100.0, 3.0)
+
+    def test_complexes(self):
+        # Testing complex operations...
+        self.number_operators(100.0j, 3.0j, skip=['lt', 'le', 'gt', 'ge',
+                                                  'int', 'float',
+                                                  'divmod', 'mod'])
+
+        class Number(complex):
+            __slots__ = ['prec']
+            def __new__(cls, *args, **kwds):
+                result = complex.__new__(cls, *args)
+                result.prec = kwds.get('prec', 12)
+                return result
+            def __repr__(self):
+                prec = self.prec
+                if self.imag == 0.0:
+                    return "%.*g" % (prec, self.real)
+                if self.real == 0.0:
+                    return "%.*gj" % (prec, self.imag)
+                return "(%.*g+%.*gj)" % (prec, self.real, prec, self.imag)
+            __str__ = __repr__
+
+        a = Number(3.14, prec=6)
+        self.assertEqual(repr(a), "3.14")
+        self.assertEqual(a.prec, 6)
+
+        a = Number(a, prec=2)
+        self.assertEqual(repr(a), "3.1")
+        self.assertEqual(a.prec, 2)
+
+        a = Number(234.5)
+        self.assertEqual(repr(a), "234.5")
+        self.assertEqual(a.prec, 12)
+
+    def test_explicit_reverse_methods(self):
+        # see issue 9930
+        self.assertEqual(complex.__radd__(3j, 4.0), complex(4.0, 3.0))
+        self.assertEqual(float.__rsub__(3.0, 1), -2.0)
+
+    @support.impl_detail("the module 'xxsubtype' is internal")
+    def test_spam_lists(self):
+        # Testing spamlist operations...
+        import copy, xxsubtype as spam
+
+        def spamlist(l, memo=None):
+            import xxsubtype as spam
+            return spam.spamlist(l)
+
+        # This is an ugly hack:
+        copy._deepcopy_dispatch[spam.spamlist] = spamlist
+
+        self.binop_test(spamlist([1]), spamlist([2]), spamlist([1,2]), "a+b",
+                       "__add__")
+        self.binop_test(spamlist([1,2,3]), 2, 1, "b in a", "__contains__")
+        self.binop_test(spamlist([1,2,3]), 4, 0, "b in a", "__contains__")
+        self.binop_test(spamlist([1,2,3]), 1, 2, "a[b]", "__getitem__")
+        self.sliceop_test(spamlist([1,2,3]), 0, 2, spamlist([1,2]), "a[b:c]",
+                          "__getitem__")
+        self.setop_test(spamlist([1]), spamlist([2]), spamlist([1,2]), "a+=b",
+                        "__iadd__")
+        self.setop_test(spamlist([1,2]), 3, spamlist([1,2,1,2,1,2]), "a*=b",
+                        "__imul__")
+        self.unop_test(spamlist([1,2,3]), 3, "len(a)", "__len__")
+        self.binop_test(spamlist([1,2]), 3, spamlist([1,2,1,2,1,2]), "a*b",
+                        "__mul__")
+        self.binop_test(spamlist([1,2]), 3, spamlist([1,2,1,2,1,2]), "b*a",
+                        "__rmul__")
+        self.set2op_test(spamlist([1,2]), 1, 3, spamlist([1,3]), "a[b]=c",
+                         "__setitem__")
+        self.setsliceop_test(spamlist([1,2,3,4]), 1, 3, spamlist([5,6]),
+                             spamlist([1,5,6,4]), "a[b:c]=d", "__setitem__")
+        # Test subclassing
+        class C(spam.spamlist):
+            def foo(self): return 1
+        a = C()
+        self.assertEqual(a, [])
+        self.assertEqual(a.foo(), 1)
+        a.append(100)
+        self.assertEqual(a, [100])
+        self.assertEqual(a.getstate(), 0)
+        a.setstate(42)
+        self.assertEqual(a.getstate(), 42)
+
+    @support.impl_detail("the module 'xxsubtype' is internal")
+    def test_spam_dicts(self):
+        # Testing spamdict operations...
+        import copy, xxsubtype as spam
+        def spamdict(d, memo=None):
+            import xxsubtype as spam
+            sd = spam.spamdict()
+            for k, v in list(d.items()):
+                sd[k] = v
+            return sd
+        # This is an ugly hack:
+        copy._deepcopy_dispatch[spam.spamdict] = spamdict
+
+        self.binop_test(spamdict({1:2,3:4}), 1, 1, "b in a", "__contains__")
+        self.binop_test(spamdict({1:2,3:4}), 2, 0, "b in a", "__contains__")
+        self.binop_test(spamdict({1:2,3:4}), 1, 2, "a[b]", "__getitem__")
+        d = spamdict({1:2,3:4})
+        l1 = []
+        for i in list(d.keys()):
+            l1.append(i)
+        l = []
+        for i in iter(d):
+            l.append(i)
+        self.assertEqual(l, l1)
+        l = []
+        for i in d.__iter__():
+            l.append(i)
+        self.assertEqual(l, l1)
+        l = []
+        for i in type(spamdict({})).__iter__(d):
+            l.append(i)
+        self.assertEqual(l, l1)
+        straightd = {1:2, 3:4}
+        spamd = spamdict(straightd)
+        self.unop_test(spamd, 2, "len(a)", "__len__")
+        self.unop_test(spamd, repr(straightd), "repr(a)", "__repr__")
+        self.set2op_test(spamdict({1:2,3:4}), 2, 3, spamdict({1:2,2:3,3:4}),
+                   "a[b]=c", "__setitem__")
+        # Test subclassing
+        class C(spam.spamdict):
+            def foo(self): return 1
+        a = C()
+        self.assertEqual(list(a.items()), [])
+        self.assertEqual(a.foo(), 1)
+        a['foo'] = 'bar'
+        self.assertEqual(list(a.items()), [('foo', 'bar')])
+        self.assertEqual(a.getstate(), 0)
+        a.setstate(100)
+        self.assertEqual(a.getstate(), 100)
+
+class ClassPropertiesAndMethods(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def assertHasAttr(self, obj, name):
+        self.assertTrue(hasattr(obj, name),
+                        '%r has no attribute %r' % (obj, name))
+
+    def assertNotHasAttr(self, obj, name):
+        self.assertFalse(hasattr(obj, name),
+                         '%r has unexpected attribute %r' % (obj, name))
+
+    def test_python_dicts(self):
+        # Testing Python subclass of dict...
+        self.assertTrue(issubclass(dict, dict))
+        self.assertIsInstance({}, dict)
+        d = dict()
+        self.assertEqual(d, {})
+        self.assertIs(d.__class__, dict)
+        self.assertIsInstance(d, dict)
+        class C(dict):
+            state = -1
+            def __init__(self_local, *a, **kw):
+                if a:
+                    self.assertEqual(len(a), 1)
+                    self_local.state = a[0]
+                if kw:
+                    for k, v in list(kw.items()):
+                        self_local[v] = k
+            def __getitem__(self, key):
+                return self.get(key, 0)
+            def __setitem__(self_local, key, value):
+                self.assertIsInstance(key, type(0))
+                dict.__setitem__(self_local, key, value)
+            def setstate(self, state):
+                self.state = state
+            def getstate(self):
+                return self.state
+        self.assertTrue(issubclass(C, dict))
+        a1 = C(12)
+        self.assertEqual(a1.state, 12)
+        a2 = C(foo=1, bar=2)
+        self.assertEqual(a2[1] == 'foo' and a2[2], 'bar')
+        a = C()
+        self.assertEqual(a.state, -1)
+        self.assertEqual(a.getstate(), -1)
+        a.setstate(0)
+        self.assertEqual(a.state, 0)
+        self.assertEqual(a.getstate(), 0)
+        a.setstate(10)
+        self.assertEqual(a.state, 10)
+        self.assertEqual(a.getstate(), 10)
+        self.assertEqual(a[42], 0)
+        a[42] = 24
+        self.assertEqual(a[42], 24)
+        N = 50
+        for i in range(N):
+            a[i] = C()
+            for j in range(N):
+                a[i][j] = i*j
+        for i in range(N):
+            for j in range(N):
+                self.assertEqual(a[i][j], i*j)
+
+    def test_python_lists(self):
+        # Testing Python subclass of list...
+        class C(list):
+            def __getitem__(self, i):
+                if isinstance(i, slice):
+                    return i.start, i.stop
+                return list.__getitem__(self, i) + 100
+        a = C()
+        a.extend([0,1,2])
+        self.assertEqual(a[0], 100)
+        self.assertEqual(a[1], 101)
+        self.assertEqual(a[2], 102)
+        self.assertEqual(a[100:200], (100,200))
+
+    def test_metaclass(self):
+        # Testing metaclasses...
+        class C(metaclass=type):
+            def __init__(self):
+                self.__state = 0
+            def getstate(self):
+                return self.__state
+            def setstate(self, state):
+                self.__state = state
+        a = C()
+        self.assertEqual(a.getstate(), 0)
+        a.setstate(10)
+        self.assertEqual(a.getstate(), 10)
+        class _metaclass(type):
+            def myself(cls): return cls
+        class D(metaclass=_metaclass):
+            pass
+        self.assertEqual(D.myself(), D)
+        d = D()
+        self.assertEqual(d.__class__, D)
+        class M1(type):
+            def __new__(cls, name, bases, dict):
+                dict['__spam__'] = 1
+                return type.__new__(cls, name, bases, dict)
+        class C(metaclass=M1):
+            pass
+        self.assertEqual(C.__spam__, 1)
+        c = C()
+        self.assertEqual(c.__spam__, 1)
+
+        class _instance(object):
+            pass
+        class M2(object):
+            @staticmethod
+            def __new__(cls, name, bases, dict):
+                self = object.__new__(cls)
+                self.name = name
+                self.bases = bases
+                self.dict = dict
+                return self
+            def __call__(self):
+                it = _instance()
+                # Early binding of methods
+                for key in self.dict:
+                    if key.startswith("__"):
+                        continue
+                    setattr(it, key, self.dict[key].__get__(it, self))
+                return it
+        class C(metaclass=M2):
+            def spam(self):
+                return 42
+        self.assertEqual(C.name, 'C')
+        self.assertEqual(C.bases, ())
+        self.assertIn('spam', C.dict)
+        c = C()
+        self.assertEqual(c.spam(), 42)
+
+        # More metaclass examples
+
+        class autosuper(type):
+            # Automatically add __super to the class
+            # This trick only works for dynamic classes
+            def __new__(metaclass, name, bases, dict):
+                cls = super(autosuper, metaclass).__new__(metaclass,
+                                                          name, bases, dict)
+                # Name mangling for __super removes leading underscores
+                while name[:1] == "_":
+                    name = name[1:]
+                if name:
+                    name = "_%s__super" % name
+                else:
+                    name = "__super"
+                setattr(cls, name, super(cls))
+                return cls
+        class A(metaclass=autosuper):
+            def meth(self):
+                return "A"
+        class B(A):
+            def meth(self):
+                return "B" + self.__super.meth()
+        class C(A):
+            def meth(self):
+                return "C" + self.__super.meth()
+        class D(C, B):
+            def meth(self):
+                return "D" + self.__super.meth()
+        self.assertEqual(D().meth(), "DCBA")
+        class E(B, C):
+            def meth(self):
+                return "E" + self.__super.meth()
+        self.assertEqual(E().meth(), "EBCA")
+
+        class autoproperty(type):
+            # Automatically create property attributes when methods
+            # named _get_x and/or _set_x are found
+            def __new__(metaclass, name, bases, dict):
+                hits = {}
+                for key, val in dict.items():
+                    if key.startswith("_get_"):
+                        key = key[5:]
+                        get, set = hits.get(key, (None, None))
+                        get = val
+                        hits[key] = get, set
+                    elif key.startswith("_set_"):
+                        key = key[5:]
+                        get, set = hits.get(key, (None, None))
+                        set = val
+                        hits[key] = get, set
+                for key, (get, set) in hits.items():
+                    dict[key] = property(get, set)
+                return super(autoproperty, metaclass).__new__(metaclass,
+                                                            name, bases, dict)
+        class A(metaclass=autoproperty):
+            def _get_x(self):
+                return -self.__x
+            def _set_x(self, x):
+                self.__x = -x
+        a = A()
+        self.assertNotHasAttr(a, "x")
+        a.x = 12
+        self.assertEqual(a.x, 12)
+        self.assertEqual(a._A__x, -12)
+
+        class multimetaclass(autoproperty, autosuper):
+            # Merge of multiple cooperating metaclasses
+            pass
+        class A(metaclass=multimetaclass):
+            def _get_x(self):
+                return "A"
+        class B(A):
+            def _get_x(self):
+                return "B" + self.__super._get_x()
+        class C(A):
+            def _get_x(self):
+                return "C" + self.__super._get_x()
+        class D(C, B):
+            def _get_x(self):
+                return "D" + self.__super._get_x()
+        self.assertEqual(D().x, "DCBA")
+
+        # Make sure type(x) doesn't call x.__class__.__init__
+        class T(type):
+            counter = 0
+            def __init__(self, *args):
+                T.counter += 1
+        class C(metaclass=T):
+            pass
+        self.assertEqual(T.counter, 1)
+        a = C()
+        self.assertEqual(type(a), C)
+        self.assertEqual(T.counter, 1)
+
+        class C(object): pass
+        c = C()
+        try: c()
+        except TypeError: pass
+        else: self.fail("calling object w/o call method should raise "
+                        "TypeError")
+
+        # Testing code to find most derived baseclass
+        class A(type):
+            def __new__(*args, **kwargs):
+                return type.__new__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+        class B(object):
+            pass
+
+        class C(object, metaclass=A):
+            pass
+
+        # The most derived metaclass of D is A rather than type.
+        class D(B, C):
+            pass
+        self.assertIs(A, type(D))
+
+        # issue1294232: correct metaclass calculation
+        new_calls = []  # to check the order of __new__ calls
+        class AMeta(type):
+            @staticmethod
+            def __new__(mcls, name, bases, ns):
+                new_calls.append('AMeta')
+                return super().__new__(mcls, name, bases, ns)
+            @classmethod
+            def __prepare__(mcls, name, bases):
+                return {}
+
+        class BMeta(AMeta):
+            @staticmethod
+            def __new__(mcls, name, bases, ns):
+                new_calls.append('BMeta')
+                return super().__new__(mcls, name, bases, ns)
+            @classmethod
+            def __prepare__(mcls, name, bases):
+                ns = super().__prepare__(name, bases)
+                ns['BMeta_was_here'] = True
+                return ns
+
+        class A(metaclass=AMeta):
+            pass
+        self.assertEqual(['AMeta'], new_calls)
+        new_calls.clear()
+
+        class B(metaclass=BMeta):
+            pass
+        # BMeta.__new__ calls AMeta.__new__ with super:
+        self.assertEqual(['BMeta', 'AMeta'], new_calls)
+        new_calls.clear()
+
+        class C(A, B):
+            pass
+        # The most derived metaclass is BMeta:
+        self.assertEqual(['BMeta', 'AMeta'], new_calls)
+        new_calls.clear()
+        # BMeta.__prepare__ should've been called:
+        self.assertIn('BMeta_was_here', C.__dict__)
+
+        # The order of the bases shouldn't matter:
+        class C2(B, A):
+            pass
+        self.assertEqual(['BMeta', 'AMeta'], new_calls)
+        new_calls.clear()
+        self.assertIn('BMeta_was_here', C2.__dict__)
+
+        # Check correct metaclass calculation when a metaclass is declared:
+        class D(C, metaclass=type):
+            pass
+        self.assertEqual(['BMeta', 'AMeta'], new_calls)
+        new_calls.clear()
+        self.assertIn('BMeta_was_here', D.__dict__)
+
+        class E(C, metaclass=AMeta):
+            pass
+        self.assertEqual(['BMeta', 'AMeta'], new_calls)
+        new_calls.clear()
+        self.assertIn('BMeta_was_here', E.__dict__)
+
+        # Special case: the given metaclass isn't a class,
+        # so there is no metaclass calculation.
+        marker = object()
+        def func(*args, **kwargs):
+            return marker
+        class X(metaclass=func):
+            pass
+        class Y(object, metaclass=func):
+            pass
+        class Z(D, metaclass=func):
+            pass
+        self.assertIs(marker, X)
+        self.assertIs(marker, Y)
+        self.assertIs(marker, Z)
+
+        # The given metaclass is a class,
+        # but not a descendant of type.
+        prepare_calls = []  # to track __prepare__ calls
+        class ANotMeta:
+            def __new__(mcls, *args, **kwargs):
+                new_calls.append('ANotMeta')
+                return super().__new__(mcls)
+            @classmethod
+            def __prepare__(mcls, name, bases):
+                prepare_calls.append('ANotMeta')
+                return {}
+        class BNotMeta(ANotMeta):
+            def __new__(mcls, *args, **kwargs):
+                new_calls.append('BNotMeta')
+                return super().__new__(mcls)
+            @classmethod
+            def __prepare__(mcls, name, bases):
+                prepare_calls.append('BNotMeta')
+                return super().__prepare__(name, bases)
+
+        class A(metaclass=ANotMeta):
+            pass
+        self.assertIs(ANotMeta, type(A))
+        self.assertEqual(['ANotMeta'], prepare_calls)
+        prepare_calls.clear()
+        self.assertEqual(['ANotMeta'], new_calls)
+        new_calls.clear()
+
+        class B(metaclass=BNotMeta):
+            pass
+        self.assertIs(BNotMeta, type(B))
+        self.assertEqual(['BNotMeta', 'ANotMeta'], prepare_calls)
+        prepare_calls.clear()
+        self.assertEqual(['BNotMeta', 'ANotMeta'], new_calls)
+        new_calls.clear()
+
+        class C(A, B):
+            pass
+        self.assertIs(BNotMeta, type(C))
+        self.assertEqual(['BNotMeta', 'ANotMeta'], new_calls)
+        new_calls.clear()
+        self.assertEqual(['BNotMeta', 'ANotMeta'], prepare_calls)
+        prepare_calls.clear()
+
+        class C2(B, A):
+            pass
+        self.assertIs(BNotMeta, type(C2))
+        self.assertEqual(['BNotMeta', 'ANotMeta'], new_calls)
+        new_calls.clear()
+        self.assertEqual(['BNotMeta', 'ANotMeta'], prepare_calls)
+        prepare_calls.clear()
+
+        # This is a TypeError, because of a metaclass conflict:
+        # BNotMeta is neither a subclass, nor a superclass of type
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            class D(C, metaclass=type):
+                pass
+
+        class E(C, metaclass=ANotMeta):
+            pass
+        self.assertIs(BNotMeta, type(E))
+        self.assertEqual(['BNotMeta', 'ANotMeta'], new_calls)
+        new_calls.clear()
+        self.assertEqual(['BNotMeta', 'ANotMeta'], prepare_calls)
+        prepare_calls.clear()
+
+        class F(object(), C):
+            pass
+        self.assertIs(BNotMeta, type(F))
+        self.assertEqual(['BNotMeta', 'ANotMeta'], new_calls)
+        new_calls.clear()
+        self.assertEqual(['BNotMeta', 'ANotMeta'], prepare_calls)
+        prepare_calls.clear()
+
+        class F2(C, object()):
+            pass
+        self.assertIs(BNotMeta, type(F2))
+        self.assertEqual(['BNotMeta', 'ANotMeta'], new_calls)
+        new_calls.clear()
+        self.assertEqual(['BNotMeta', 'ANotMeta'], prepare_calls)
+        prepare_calls.clear()
+
+        # TypeError: BNotMeta is neither a
+        # subclass, nor a superclass of int
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            class X(C, int()):
+                pass
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            class X(int(), C):
+                pass
+
+    def test_module_subclasses(self):
+        # Testing Python subclass of module...
+        log = []
+        MT = type(sys)
+        class MM(MT):
+            def __init__(self, name):
+                MT.__init__(self, name)
+            def __getattribute__(self, name):
+                log.append(("getattr", name))
+                return MT.__getattribute__(self, name)
+            def __setattr__(self, name, value):
+                log.append(("setattr", name, value))
+                MT.__setattr__(self, name, value)
+            def __delattr__(self, name):
+                log.append(("delattr", name))
+                MT.__delattr__(self, name)
+        a = MM("a")
+        a.foo = 12
+        x = a.foo
+        del a.foo
+        self.assertEqual(log, [("setattr", "foo", 12),
+                               ("getattr", "foo"),
+                               ("delattr", "foo")])
+
+        # http://python.org/sf/1174712
+        try:
+            class Module(types.ModuleType, str):
+                pass
+        except TypeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            self.fail("inheriting from ModuleType and str at the same time "
+                      "should fail")
+
+    def test_multiple_inheritance(self):
+        # Testing multiple inheritance...
+        class C(object):
+            def __init__(self):
+                self.__state = 0
+            def getstate(self):
+                return self.__state
+            def setstate(self, state):
+                self.__state = state
+        a = C()
+        self.assertEqual(a.getstate(), 0)
+        a.setstate(10)
+        self.assertEqual(a.getstate(), 10)
+        class D(dict, C):
+            def __init__(self):
+                type({}).__init__(self)
+                C.__init__(self)
+        d = D()
+        self.assertEqual(list(d.keys()), [])
+        d["hello"] = "world"
+        self.assertEqual(list(d.items()), [("hello", "world")])
+        self.assertEqual(d["hello"], "world")
+        self.assertEqual(d.getstate(), 0)
+        d.setstate(10)
+        self.assertEqual(d.getstate(), 10)
+        self.assertEqual(D.__mro__, (D, dict, C, object))
+
+        # SF bug #442833
+        class Node(object):
+            def __int__(self):
+                return int(self.foo())
+            def foo(self):
+                return "23"
+        class Frag(Node, list):
+            def foo(self):
+                return "42"
+        self.assertEqual(Node().__int__(), 23)
+        self.assertEqual(int(Node()), 23)
+        self.assertEqual(Frag().__int__(), 42)
+        self.assertEqual(int(Frag()), 42)
+
+    def test_diamond_inheritence(self):
+        # Testing multiple inheritance special cases...
+        class A(object):
+            def spam(self): return "A"
+        self.assertEqual(A().spam(), "A")
+        class B(A):
+            def boo(self): return "B"
+            def spam(self): return "B"
+        self.assertEqual(B().spam(), "B")
+        self.assertEqual(B().boo(), "B")
+        class C(A):
+            def boo(self): return "C"
+        self.assertEqual(C().spam(), "A")
+        self.assertEqual(C().boo(), "C")
+        class D(B, C): pass
+        self.assertEqual(D().spam(), "B")
+        self.assertEqual(D().boo(), "B")
+        self.assertEqual(D.__mro__, (D, B, C, A, object))
+        class E(C, B): pass
+        self.assertEqual(E().spam(), "B")
+        self.assertEqual(E().boo(), "C")
+        self.assertEqual(E.__mro__, (E, C, B, A, object))
+        # MRO order disagreement
+        try:
+            class F(D, E): pass
+        except TypeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            self.fail("expected MRO order disagreement (F)")
+        try:
+            class G(E, D): pass
+        except TypeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            self.fail("expected MRO order disagreement (G)")
+
+    # see thread python-dev/2002-October/029035.html
+    def test_ex5_from_c3_switch(self):
+        # Testing ex5 from C3 switch discussion...
+        class A(object): pass
+        class B(object): pass
+        class C(object): pass
+        class X(A): pass
+        class Y(A): pass
+        class Z(X,B,Y,C): pass
+        self.assertEqual(Z.__mro__, (Z, X, B, Y, A, C, object))
+
+    # see "A Monotonic Superclass Linearization for Dylan",
+    # by Kim Barrett et al. (OOPSLA 1996)
+    def test_monotonicity(self):
+        # Testing MRO monotonicity...
+        class Boat(object): pass
+        class DayBoat(Boat): pass
+        class WheelBoat(Boat): pass
+        class EngineLess(DayBoat): pass
+        class SmallMultihull(DayBoat): pass
+        class PedalWheelBoat(EngineLess,WheelBoat): pass
+        class SmallCatamaran(SmallMultihull): pass
+        class Pedalo(PedalWheelBoat,SmallCatamaran): pass
+
+        self.assertEqual(PedalWheelBoat.__mro__,
+              (PedalWheelBoat, EngineLess, DayBoat, WheelBoat, Boat, object))
+        self.assertEqual(SmallCatamaran.__mro__,
+              (SmallCatamaran, SmallMultihull, DayBoat, Boat, object))
+        self.assertEqual(Pedalo.__mro__,
+              (Pedalo, PedalWheelBoat, EngineLess, SmallCatamaran,
+               SmallMultihull, DayBoat, WheelBoat, Boat, object))
+
+    # see "A Monotonic Superclass Linearization for Dylan",
+    # by Kim Barrett et al. (OOPSLA 1996)
+    def test_consistency_with_epg(self):
+        # Testing consistency with EPG...
+        class Pane(object): pass
+        class ScrollingMixin(object): pass
+        class EditingMixin(object): pass
+        class ScrollablePane(Pane,ScrollingMixin): pass
+        class EditablePane(Pane,EditingMixin): pass
+        class EditableScrollablePane(ScrollablePane,EditablePane): pass
+
+        self.assertEqual(EditableScrollablePane.__mro__,
+              (EditableScrollablePane, ScrollablePane, EditablePane, Pane,
+                ScrollingMixin, EditingMixin, object))
+
+    def test_mro_disagreement(self):
+        # Testing error messages for MRO disagreement...
+        mro_err_msg = """Cannot create a consistent method resolution
+order (MRO) for bases """
+
+        def raises(exc, expected, callable, *args):
+            try:
+                callable(*args)
+            except exc as msg:
+                # the exact msg is generally considered an impl detail
+                if support.check_impl_detail():
+                    if not str(msg).startswith(expected):
+                        self.fail("Message %r, expected %r" %
+                                  (str(msg), expected))
+            else:
+                self.fail("Expected %s" % exc)
+
+        class A(object): pass
+        class B(A): pass
+        class C(object): pass
+
+        # Test some very simple errors
+        raises(TypeError, "duplicate base class A",
+               type, "X", (A, A), {})
+        raises(TypeError, mro_err_msg,
+               type, "X", (A, B), {})
+        raises(TypeError, mro_err_msg,
+               type, "X", (A, C, B), {})
+        # Test a slightly more complex error
+        class GridLayout(object): pass
+        class HorizontalGrid(GridLayout): pass
+        class VerticalGrid(GridLayout): pass
+        class HVGrid(HorizontalGrid, VerticalGrid): pass
+        class VHGrid(VerticalGrid, HorizontalGrid): pass
+        raises(TypeError, mro_err_msg,
+               type, "ConfusedGrid", (HVGrid, VHGrid), {})
+
+    def test_object_class(self):
+        # Testing object class...
+        a = object()
+        self.assertEqual(a.__class__, object)
+        self.assertEqual(type(a), object)
+        b = object()
+        self.assertNotEqual(a, b)
+        self.assertNotHasAttr(a, "foo")
+        try:
+            a.foo = 12
+        except (AttributeError, TypeError):
+            pass
+        else:
+            self.fail("object() should not allow setting a foo attribute")
+        self.assertNotHasAttr(object(), "__dict__")
+
+        class Cdict(object):
+            pass
+        x = Cdict()
+        self.assertEqual(x.__dict__, {})
+        x.foo = 1
+        self.assertEqual(x.foo, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(x.__dict__, {'foo': 1})
+
+    def test_slots(self):
+        # Testing __slots__...
+        class C0(object):
+            __slots__ = []
+        x = C0()
+        self.assertNotHasAttr(x, "__dict__")
+        self.assertNotHasAttr(x, "foo")
+
+        class C1(object):
+            __slots__ = ['a']
+        x = C1()
+        self.assertNotHasAttr(x, "__dict__")
+        self.assertNotHasAttr(x, "a")
+        x.a = 1
+        self.assertEqual(x.a, 1)
+        x.a = None
+        self.assertEqual(x.a, None)
+        del x.a
+        self.assertNotHasAttr(x, "a")
+
+        class C3(object):
+            __slots__ = ['a', 'b', 'c']
+        x = C3()
+        self.assertNotHasAttr(x, "__dict__")
+        self.assertNotHasAttr(x, 'a')
+        self.assertNotHasAttr(x, 'b')
+        self.assertNotHasAttr(x, 'c')
+        x.a = 1
+        x.b = 2
+        x.c = 3
+        self.assertEqual(x.a, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(x.b, 2)
+        self.assertEqual(x.c, 3)
+
+        class C4(object):
+            """Validate name mangling"""
+            __slots__ = ['__a']
+            def __init__(self, value):
+                self.__a = value
+            def get(self):
+                return self.__a
+        x = C4(5)
+        self.assertNotHasAttr(x, '__dict__')
+        self.assertNotHasAttr(x, '__a')
+        self.assertEqual(x.get(), 5)
+        try:
+            x.__a = 6
+        except AttributeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            self.fail("Double underscored names not mangled")
+
+        # Make sure slot names are proper identifiers
+        try:
+            class C(object):
+                __slots__ = [None]
+        except TypeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            self.fail("[None] slots not caught")
+        try:
+            class C(object):
+                __slots__ = ["foo bar"]
+        except TypeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            self.fail("['foo bar'] slots not caught")
+        try:
+            class C(object):
+                __slots__ = ["foo\0bar"]
+        except TypeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            self.fail("['foo\\0bar'] slots not caught")
+        try:
+            class C(object):
+                __slots__ = ["1"]
+        except TypeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            self.fail("['1'] slots not caught")
+        try:
+            class C(object):
+                __slots__ = [""]
+        except TypeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            self.fail("[''] slots not caught")
+        class C(object):
+            __slots__ = ["a", "a_b", "_a", "A0123456789Z"]
+        # XXX(nnorwitz): was there supposed to be something tested
+        # from the class above?
+
+        # Test a single string is not expanded as a sequence.
+        class C(object):
+            __slots__ = "abc"
+        c = C()
+        c.abc = 5
+        self.assertEqual(c.abc, 5)
+
+        # Test unicode slot names
+        # Test a single unicode string is not expanded as a sequence.
+        class C(object):
+            __slots__ = "abc"
+        c = C()
+        c.abc = 5
+        self.assertEqual(c.abc, 5)
+
+        # _unicode_to_string used to modify slots in certain circumstances
+        slots = ("foo", "bar")
+        class C(object):
+            __slots__ = slots
+        x = C()
+        x.foo = 5
+        self.assertEqual(x.foo, 5)
+        self.assertIs(type(slots[0]), str)
+        # this used to leak references
+        try:
+            class C(object):
+                __slots__ = [chr(128)]
+        except (TypeError, UnicodeEncodeError):
+            pass
+        else:
+            self.fail("[chr(128)] slots not caught")
+
+        # Test leaks
+        class Counted(object):
+            counter = 0    # counts the number of instances alive
+            def __init__(self):
+                Counted.counter += 1
+            def __del__(self):
+                Counted.counter -= 1
+        class C(object):
+            __slots__ = ['a', 'b', 'c']
+        x = C()
+        x.a = Counted()
+        x.b = Counted()
+        x.c = Counted()
+        self.assertEqual(Counted.counter, 3)
+        del x
+        support.gc_collect()
+        self.assertEqual(Counted.counter, 0)
+        class D(C):
+            pass
+        x = D()
+        x.a = Counted()
+        x.z = Counted()
+        self.assertEqual(Counted.counter, 2)
+        del x
+        support.gc_collect()
+        self.assertEqual(Counted.counter, 0)
+        class E(D):
+            __slots__ = ['e']
+        x = E()
+        x.a = Counted()
+        x.z = Counted()
+        x.e = Counted()
+        self.assertEqual(Counted.counter, 3)
+        del x
+        support.gc_collect()
+        self.assertEqual(Counted.counter, 0)
+
+        # Test cyclical leaks [SF bug 519621]
+        class F(object):
+            __slots__ = ['a', 'b']
+        s = F()
+        s.a = [Counted(), s]
+        self.assertEqual(Counted.counter, 1)
+        s = None
+        support.gc_collect()
+        self.assertEqual(Counted.counter, 0)
+
+        # Test lookup leaks [SF bug 572567]
+        if hasattr(gc, 'get_objects'):
+            class G(object):
+                def __eq__(self, other):
+                    return False
+            g = G()
+            orig_objects = len(gc.get_objects())
+            for i in range(10):
+                g==g
+            new_objects = len(gc.get_objects())
+            self.assertEqual(orig_objects, new_objects)
+
+        class H(object):
+            __slots__ = ['a', 'b']
+            def __init__(self):
+                self.a = 1
+                self.b = 2
+            def __del__(self_):
+                self.assertEqual(self_.a, 1)
+                self.assertEqual(self_.b, 2)
+        with support.captured_output('stderr') as s:
+            h = H()
+            del h
+        self.assertEqual(s.getvalue(), '')
+
+        class X(object):
+            __slots__ = "a"
+        with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
+            del X().a
+
+    def test_slots_special(self):
+        # Testing __dict__ and __weakref__ in __slots__...
+        class D(object):
+            __slots__ = ["__dict__"]
+        a = D()
+        self.assertHasAttr(a, "__dict__")
+        self.assertNotHasAttr(a, "__weakref__")
+        a.foo = 42
+        self.assertEqual(a.__dict__, {"foo": 42})
+
+        class W(object):
+            __slots__ = ["__weakref__"]
+        a = W()
+        self.assertHasAttr(a, "__weakref__")
+        self.assertNotHasAttr(a, "__dict__")
+        try:
+            a.foo = 42
+        except AttributeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            self.fail("shouldn't be allowed to set a.foo")
+
+        class C1(W, D):
+            __slots__ = []
+        a = C1()
+        self.assertHasAttr(a, "__dict__")
+        self.assertHasAttr(a, "__weakref__")
+        a.foo = 42
+        self.assertEqual(a.__dict__, {"foo": 42})
+
+        class C2(D, W):
+            __slots__ = []
+        a = C2()
+        self.assertHasAttr(a, "__dict__")
+        self.assertHasAttr(a, "__weakref__")
+        a.foo = 42
+        self.assertEqual(a.__dict__, {"foo": 42})
+
+    def test_slots_descriptor(self):
+        # Issue2115: slot descriptors did not correctly check
+        # the type of the given object
+        import abc
+        class MyABC(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
+            __slots__ = "a"
+
+        class Unrelated(object):
+            pass
+        MyABC.register(Unrelated)
+
+        u = Unrelated()
+        self.assertIsInstance(u, MyABC)
+
+        # This used to crash
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, MyABC.a.__set__, u, 3)
+
+    def test_dynamics(self):
+        # Testing class attribute propagation...
+        class D(object):
+            pass
+        class E(D):
+            pass
+        class F(D):
+            pass
+        D.foo = 1
+        self.assertEqual(D.foo, 1)
+        # Test that dynamic attributes are inherited
+        self.assertEqual(E.foo, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(F.foo, 1)
+        # Test dynamic instances
+        class C(object):
+            pass
+        a = C()
+        self.assertNotHasAttr(a, "foobar")
+        C.foobar = 2
+        self.assertEqual(a.foobar, 2)
+        C.method = lambda self: 42
+        self.assertEqual(a.method(), 42)
+        C.__repr__ = lambda self: "C()"
+        self.assertEqual(repr(a), "C()")
+        C.__int__ = lambda self: 100
+        self.assertEqual(int(a), 100)
+        self.assertEqual(a.foobar, 2)
+        self.assertNotHasAttr(a, "spam")
+        def mygetattr(self, name):
+            if name == "spam":
+                return "spam"
+            raise AttributeError
+        C.__getattr__ = mygetattr
+        self.assertEqual(a.spam, "spam")
+        a.new = 12
+        self.assertEqual(a.new, 12)
+        def mysetattr(self, name, value):
+            if name == "spam":
+                raise AttributeError
+            return object.__setattr__(self, name, value)
+        C.__setattr__ = mysetattr
+        try:
+            a.spam = "not spam"
+        except AttributeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            self.fail("expected AttributeError")
+        self.assertEqual(a.spam, "spam")
+        class D(C):
+            pass
+        d = D()
+        d.foo = 1
+        self.assertEqual(d.foo, 1)
+
+        # Test handling of int*seq and seq*int
+        class I(int):
+            pass
+        self.assertEqual("a"*I(2), "aa")
+        self.assertEqual(I(2)*"a", "aa")
+        self.assertEqual(2*I(3), 6)
+        self.assertEqual(I(3)*2, 6)
+        self.assertEqual(I(3)*I(2), 6)
+
+        # Test comparison of classes with dynamic metaclasses
+        class dynamicmetaclass(type):
+            pass
+        class someclass(metaclass=dynamicmetaclass):
+            pass
+        self.assertNotEqual(someclass, object)
+
+    def test_errors(self):
+        # Testing errors...
+        try:
+            class C(list, dict):
+                pass
+        except TypeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            self.fail("inheritance from both list and dict should be illegal")
+
+        try:
+            class C(object, None):
+                pass
+        except TypeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            self.fail("inheritance from non-type should be illegal")
+        class Classic:
+            pass
+
+        try:
+            class C(type(len)):
+                pass
+        except TypeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            self.fail("inheritance from CFunction should be illegal")
+
+        try:
+            class C(object):
+                __slots__ = 1
+        except TypeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            self.fail("__slots__ = 1 should be illegal")
+
+        try:
+            class C(object):
+                __slots__ = [1]
+        except TypeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            self.fail("__slots__ = [1] should be illegal")
+
+        class M1(type):
+            pass
+        class M2(type):
+            pass
+        class A1(object, metaclass=M1):
+            pass
+        class A2(object, metaclass=M2):
+            pass
+        try:
+            class B(A1, A2):
+                pass
+        except TypeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            self.fail("finding the most derived metaclass should have failed")
+
+    def test_classmethods(self):
+        # Testing class methods...
+        class C(object):
+            def foo(*a): return a
+            goo = classmethod(foo)
+        c = C()
+        self.assertEqual(C.goo(1), (C, 1))
+        self.assertEqual(c.goo(1), (C, 1))
+        self.assertEqual(c.foo(1), (c, 1))
+        class D(C):
+            pass
+        d = D()
+        self.assertEqual(D.goo(1), (D, 1))
+        self.assertEqual(d.goo(1), (D, 1))
+        self.assertEqual(d.foo(1), (d, 1))
+        self.assertEqual(D.foo(d, 1), (d, 1))
+        # Test for a specific crash (SF bug 528132)
+        def f(cls, arg): return (cls, arg)
+        ff = classmethod(f)
+        self.assertEqual(ff.__get__(0, int)(42), (int, 42))
+        self.assertEqual(ff.__get__(0)(42), (int, 42))
+
+        # Test super() with classmethods (SF bug 535444)
+        self.assertEqual(C.goo.__self__, C)
+        self.assertEqual(D.goo.__self__, D)
+        self.assertEqual(super(D,D).goo.__self__, D)
+        self.assertEqual(super(D,d).goo.__self__, D)
+        self.assertEqual(super(D,D).goo(), (D,))
+        self.assertEqual(super(D,d).goo(), (D,))
+
+        # Verify that a non-callable will raise
+        meth = classmethod(1).__get__(1)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, meth)
+
+        # Verify that classmethod() doesn't allow keyword args
+        try:
+            classmethod(f, kw=1)
+        except TypeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            self.fail("classmethod shouldn't accept keyword args")
+
+        cm = classmethod(f)
+        self.assertEqual(cm.__dict__, {})
+        cm.x = 42
+        self.assertEqual(cm.x, 42)
+        self.assertEqual(cm.__dict__, {"x" : 42})
+        del cm.x
+        self.assertNotHasAttr(cm, "x")
+
+    @support.impl_detail("the module 'xxsubtype' is internal")
+    def test_classmethods_in_c(self):
+        # Testing C-based class methods...
+        import xxsubtype as spam
+        a = (1, 2, 3)
+        d = {'abc': 123}
+        x, a1, d1 = spam.spamlist.classmeth(*a, **d)
+        self.assertEqual(x, spam.spamlist)
+        self.assertEqual(a, a1)
+        self.assertEqual(d, d1)
+        x, a1, d1 = spam.spamlist().classmeth(*a, **d)
+        self.assertEqual(x, spam.spamlist)
+        self.assertEqual(a, a1)
+        self.assertEqual(d, d1)
+        spam_cm = spam.spamlist.__dict__['classmeth']
+        x2, a2, d2 = spam_cm(spam.spamlist, *a, **d)
+        self.assertEqual(x2, spam.spamlist)
+        self.assertEqual(a2, a1)
+        self.assertEqual(d2, d1)
+        class SubSpam(spam.spamlist): pass
+        x2, a2, d2 = spam_cm(SubSpam, *a, **d)
+        self.assertEqual(x2, SubSpam)
+        self.assertEqual(a2, a1)
+        self.assertEqual(d2, d1)
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            spam_cm()
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            spam_cm(spam.spamlist())
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            spam_cm(list)
+
+    def test_staticmethods(self):
+        # Testing static methods...
+        class C(object):
+            def foo(*a): return a
+            goo = staticmethod(foo)
+        c = C()
+        self.assertEqual(C.goo(1), (1,))
+        self.assertEqual(c.goo(1), (1,))
+        self.assertEqual(c.foo(1), (c, 1,))
+        class D(C):
+            pass
+        d = D()
+        self.assertEqual(D.goo(1), (1,))
+        self.assertEqual(d.goo(1), (1,))
+        self.assertEqual(d.foo(1), (d, 1))
+        self.assertEqual(D.foo(d, 1), (d, 1))
+        sm = staticmethod(None)
+        self.assertEqual(sm.__dict__, {})
+        sm.x = 42
+        self.assertEqual(sm.x, 42)
+        self.assertEqual(sm.__dict__, {"x" : 42})
+        del sm.x
+        self.assertNotHasAttr(sm, "x")
+
+    @support.impl_detail("the module 'xxsubtype' is internal")
+    def test_staticmethods_in_c(self):
+        # Testing C-based static methods...
+        import xxsubtype as spam
+        a = (1, 2, 3)
+        d = {"abc": 123}
+        x, a1, d1 = spam.spamlist.staticmeth(*a, **d)
+        self.assertEqual(x, None)
+        self.assertEqual(a, a1)
+        self.assertEqual(d, d1)
+        x, a1, d2 = spam.spamlist().staticmeth(*a, **d)
+        self.assertEqual(x, None)
+        self.assertEqual(a, a1)
+        self.assertEqual(d, d1)
+
+    def test_classic(self):
+        # Testing classic classes...
+        class C:
+            def foo(*a): return a
+            goo = classmethod(foo)
+        c = C()
+        self.assertEqual(C.goo(1), (C, 1))
+        self.assertEqual(c.goo(1), (C, 1))
+        self.assertEqual(c.foo(1), (c, 1))
+        class D(C):
+            pass
+        d = D()
+        self.assertEqual(D.goo(1), (D, 1))
+        self.assertEqual(d.goo(1), (D, 1))
+        self.assertEqual(d.foo(1), (d, 1))
+        self.assertEqual(D.foo(d, 1), (d, 1))
+        class E: # *not* subclassing from C
+            foo = C.foo
+        self.assertEqual(E().foo.__func__, C.foo) # i.e., unbound
+        self.assertTrue(repr(C.foo.__get__(C())).startswith("<bound method "))
+
+    def test_compattr(self):
+        # Testing computed attributes...
+        class C(object):
+            class computed_attribute(object):
+                def __init__(self, get, set=None, delete=None):
+                    self.__get = get
+                    self.__set = set
+                    self.__delete = delete
+                def __get__(self, obj, type=None):
+                    return self.__get(obj)
+                def __set__(self, obj, value):
+                    return self.__set(obj, value)
+                def __delete__(self, obj):
+                    return self.__delete(obj)
+            def __init__(self):
+                self.__x = 0
+            def __get_x(self):
+                x = self.__x
+                self.__x = x+1
+                return x
+            def __set_x(self, x):
+                self.__x = x
+            def __delete_x(self):
+                del self.__x
+            x = computed_attribute(__get_x, __set_x, __delete_x)
+        a = C()
+        self.assertEqual(a.x, 0)
+        self.assertEqual(a.x, 1)
+        a.x = 10
+        self.assertEqual(a.x, 10)
+        self.assertEqual(a.x, 11)
+        del a.x
+        self.assertNotHasAttr(a, 'x')
+
+    def test_newslots(self):
+        # Testing __new__ slot override...
+        class C(list):
+            def __new__(cls):
+                self = list.__new__(cls)
+                self.foo = 1
+                return self
+            def __init__(self):
+                self.foo = self.foo + 2
+        a = C()
+        self.assertEqual(a.foo, 3)
+        self.assertEqual(a.__class__, C)
+        class D(C):
+            pass
+        b = D()
+        self.assertEqual(b.foo, 3)
+        self.assertEqual(b.__class__, D)
+
+    def test_altmro(self):
+        # Testing mro() and overriding it...
+        class A(object):
+            def f(self): return "A"
+        class B(A):
+            pass
+        class C(A):
+            def f(self): return "C"
+        class D(B, C):
+            pass
+        self.assertEqual(D.mro(), [D, B, C, A, object])
+        self.assertEqual(D.__mro__, (D, B, C, A, object))
+        self.assertEqual(D().f(), "C")
+
+        class PerverseMetaType(type):
+            def mro(cls):
+                L = type.mro(cls)
+                L.reverse()
+                return L
+        class X(D,B,C,A, metaclass=PerverseMetaType):
+            pass
+        self.assertEqual(X.__mro__, (object, A, C, B, D, X))
+        self.assertEqual(X().f(), "A")
+
+        try:
+            class _metaclass(type):
+                def mro(self):
+                    return [self, dict, object]
+            class X(object, metaclass=_metaclass):
+                pass
+            # In CPython, the class creation above already raises
+            # TypeError, as a protection against the fact that
+            # instances of X would segfault it.  In other Python
+            # implementations it would be ok to let the class X
+            # be created, but instead get a clean TypeError on the
+            # __setitem__ below.
+            x = object.__new__(X)
+            x[5] = 6
+        except TypeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            self.fail("devious mro() return not caught")
+
+        try:
+            class _metaclass(type):
+                def mro(self):
+                    return [1]
+            class X(object, metaclass=_metaclass):
+                pass
+        except TypeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            self.fail("non-class mro() return not caught")
+
+        try:
+            class _metaclass(type):
+                def mro(self):
+                    return 1
+            class X(object, metaclass=_metaclass):
+                pass
+        except TypeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            self.fail("non-sequence mro() return not caught")
+
+    def test_overloading(self):
+        # Testing operator overloading...
+
+        class B(object):
+            "Intermediate class because object doesn't have a __setattr__"
+
+        class C(B):
+            def __getattr__(self, name):
+                if name == "foo":
+                    return ("getattr", name)
+                else:
+                    raise AttributeError
+            def __setattr__(self, name, value):
+                if name == "foo":
+                    self.setattr = (name, value)
+                else:
+                    return B.__setattr__(self, name, value)
+            def __delattr__(self, name):
+                if name == "foo":
+                    self.delattr = name
+                else:
+                    return B.__delattr__(self, name)
+
+            def __getitem__(self, key):
+                return ("getitem", key)
+            def __setitem__(self, key, value):
+                self.setitem = (key, value)
+            def __delitem__(self, key):
+                self.delitem = key
+
+        a = C()
+        self.assertEqual(a.foo, ("getattr", "foo"))
+        a.foo = 12
+        self.assertEqual(a.setattr, ("foo", 12))
+        del a.foo
+        self.assertEqual(a.delattr, "foo")
+
+        self.assertEqual(a[12], ("getitem", 12))
+        a[12] = 21
+        self.assertEqual(a.setitem, (12, 21))
+        del a[12]
+        self.assertEqual(a.delitem, 12)
+
+        self.assertEqual(a[0:10], ("getitem", slice(0, 10)))
+        a[0:10] = "foo"
+        self.assertEqual(a.setitem, (slice(0, 10), "foo"))
+        del a[0:10]
+        self.assertEqual(a.delitem, (slice(0, 10)))
+
+    def test_methods(self):
+        # Testing methods...
+        class C(object):
+            def __init__(self, x):
+                self.x = x
+            def foo(self):
+                return self.x
+        c1 = C(1)
+        self.assertEqual(c1.foo(), 1)
+        class D(C):
+            boo = C.foo
+            goo = c1.foo
+        d2 = D(2)
+        self.assertEqual(d2.foo(), 2)
+        self.assertEqual(d2.boo(), 2)
+        self.assertEqual(d2.goo(), 1)
+        class E(object):
+            foo = C.foo
+        self.assertEqual(E().foo.__func__, C.foo) # i.e., unbound
+        self.assertTrue(repr(C.foo.__get__(C(1))).startswith("<bound method "))
+
+    def test_special_method_lookup(self):
+        # The lookup of special methods bypasses __getattr__ and
+        # __getattribute__, but they still can be descriptors.
+
+        def run_context(manager):
+            with manager:
+                pass
+        def iden(self):
+            return self
+        def hello(self):
+            return b"hello"
+        def empty_seq(self):
+            return []
+        def zero(self):
+            return 0
+        def complex_num(self):
+            return 1j
+        def stop(self):
+            raise StopIteration
+        def return_true(self, thing=None):
+            return True
+        def do_isinstance(obj):
+            return isinstance(int, obj)
+        def do_issubclass(obj):
+            return issubclass(int, obj)
+        def do_dict_missing(checker):
+            class DictSub(checker.__class__, dict):
+                pass
+            self.assertEqual(DictSub()["hi"], 4)
+        def some_number(self_, key):
+            self.assertEqual(key, "hi")
+            return 4
+        def swallow(*args): pass
+        def format_impl(self, spec):
+            return "hello"
+
+        # It would be nice to have every special method tested here, but I'm
+        # only listing the ones I can remember outside of typeobject.c, since it
+        # does it right.
+        specials = [
+            ("__bytes__", bytes, hello, set(), {}),
+            ("__reversed__", reversed, empty_seq, set(), {}),
+            ("__length_hint__", list, zero, set(),
+             {"__iter__" : iden, "__next__" : stop}),
+            ("__sizeof__", sys.getsizeof, zero, set(), {}),
+            ("__instancecheck__", do_isinstance, return_true, set(), {}),
+            ("__missing__", do_dict_missing, some_number,
+             set(("__class__",)), {}),
+            ("__subclasscheck__", do_issubclass, return_true,
+             set(("__bases__",)), {}),
+            ("__enter__", run_context, iden, set(), {"__exit__" : swallow}),
+            ("__exit__", run_context, swallow, set(), {"__enter__" : iden}),
+            ("__complex__", complex, complex_num, set(), {}),
+            ("__format__", format, format_impl, set(), {}),
+            ("__floor__", math.floor, zero, set(), {}),
+            ("__trunc__", math.trunc, zero, set(), {}),
+            ("__trunc__", int, zero, set(), {}),
+            ("__ceil__", math.ceil, zero, set(), {}),
+            ("__dir__", dir, empty_seq, set(), {}),
+            ("__round__", round, zero, set(), {}),
+            ]
+
+        class Checker(object):
+            def __getattr__(self, attr, test=self):
+                test.fail("__getattr__ called with {0}".format(attr))
+            def __getattribute__(self, attr, test=self):
+                if attr not in ok:
+                    test.fail("__getattribute__ called with {0}".format(attr))
+                return object.__getattribute__(self, attr)
+        class SpecialDescr(object):
+            def __init__(self, impl):
+                self.impl = impl
+            def __get__(self, obj, owner):
+                record.append(1)
+                return self.impl.__get__(obj, owner)
+        class MyException(Exception):
+            pass
+        class ErrDescr(object):
+            def __get__(self, obj, owner):
+                raise MyException
+
+        for name, runner, meth_impl, ok, env in specials:
+            class X(Checker):
+                pass
+            for attr, obj in env.items():
+                setattr(X, attr, obj)
+            setattr(X, name, meth_impl)
+            runner(X())
+
+            record = []
+            class X(Checker):
+                pass
+            for attr, obj in env.items():
+                setattr(X, attr, obj)
+            setattr(X, name, SpecialDescr(meth_impl))
+            runner(X())
+            self.assertEqual(record, [1], name)
+
+            class X(Checker):
+                pass
+            for attr, obj in env.items():
+                setattr(X, attr, obj)
+            setattr(X, name, ErrDescr())
+            self.assertRaises(MyException, runner, X())
+
+    def test_specials(self):
+        # Testing special operators...
+        # Test operators like __hash__ for which a built-in default exists
+
+        # Test the default behavior for static classes
+        class C(object):
+            def __getitem__(self, i):
+                if 0 <= i < 10: return i
+                raise IndexError
+        c1 = C()
+        c2 = C()
+        self.assertFalse(not c1)
+        self.assertNotEqual(id(c1), id(c2))
+        hash(c1)
+        hash(c2)
+        self.assertEqual(c1, c1)
+        self.assertTrue(c1 != c2)
+        self.assertFalse(c1 != c1)
+        self.assertFalse(c1 == c2)
+        # Note that the module name appears in str/repr, and that varies
+        # depending on whether this test is run standalone or from a framework.
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(str(c1).find('C object at '), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(str(c1), repr(c1))
+        self.assertNotIn(-1, c1)
+        for i in range(10):
+            self.assertIn(i, c1)
+        self.assertNotIn(10, c1)
+        # Test the default behavior for dynamic classes
+        class D(object):
+            def __getitem__(self, i):
+                if 0 <= i < 10: return i
+                raise IndexError
+        d1 = D()
+        d2 = D()
+        self.assertFalse(not d1)
+        self.assertNotEqual(id(d1), id(d2))
+        hash(d1)
+        hash(d2)
+        self.assertEqual(d1, d1)
+        self.assertNotEqual(d1, d2)
+        self.assertFalse(d1 != d1)
+        self.assertFalse(d1 == d2)
+        # Note that the module name appears in str/repr, and that varies
+        # depending on whether this test is run standalone or from a framework.
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(str(d1).find('D object at '), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(str(d1), repr(d1))
+        self.assertNotIn(-1, d1)
+        for i in range(10):
+            self.assertIn(i, d1)
+        self.assertNotIn(10, d1)
+        # Test overridden behavior
+        class Proxy(object):
+            def __init__(self, x):
+                self.x = x
+            def __bool__(self):
+                return not not self.x
+            def __hash__(self):
+                return hash(self.x)
+            def __eq__(self, other):
+                return self.x == other
+            def __ne__(self, other):
+                return self.x != other
+            def __ge__(self, other):
+                return self.x >= other
+            def __gt__(self, other):
+                return self.x > other
+            def __le__(self, other):
+                return self.x <= other
+            def __lt__(self, other):
+                return self.x < other
+            def __str__(self):
+                return "Proxy:%s" % self.x
+            def __repr__(self):
+                return "Proxy(%r)" % self.x
+            def __contains__(self, value):
+                return value in self.x
+        p0 = Proxy(0)
+        p1 = Proxy(1)
+        p_1 = Proxy(-1)
+        self.assertFalse(p0)
+        self.assertFalse(not p1)
+        self.assertEqual(hash(p0), hash(0))
+        self.assertEqual(p0, p0)
+        self.assertNotEqual(p0, p1)
+        self.assertFalse(p0 != p0)
+        self.assertEqual(not p0, p1)
+        self.assertTrue(p0 < p1)
+        self.assertTrue(p0 <= p1)
+        self.assertTrue(p1 > p0)
+        self.assertTrue(p1 >= p0)
+        self.assertEqual(str(p0), "Proxy:0")
+        self.assertEqual(repr(p0), "Proxy(0)")
+        p10 = Proxy(range(10))
+        self.assertNotIn(-1, p10)
+        for i in range(10):
+            self.assertIn(i, p10)
+        self.assertNotIn(10, p10)
+
+    def test_weakrefs(self):
+        # Testing weak references...
+        import weakref
+        class C(object):
+            pass
+        c = C()
+        r = weakref.ref(c)
+        self.assertEqual(r(), c)
+        del c
+        support.gc_collect()
+        self.assertEqual(r(), None)
+        del r
+        class NoWeak(object):
+            __slots__ = ['foo']
+        no = NoWeak()
+        try:
+            weakref.ref(no)
+        except TypeError as msg:
+            self.assertIn("weak reference", str(msg))
+        else:
+            self.fail("weakref.ref(no) should be illegal")
+        class Weak(object):
+            __slots__ = ['foo', '__weakref__']
+        yes = Weak()
+        r = weakref.ref(yes)
+        self.assertEqual(r(), yes)
+        del yes
+        support.gc_collect()
+        self.assertEqual(r(), None)
+        del r
+
+    def test_properties(self):
+        # Testing property...
+        class C(object):
+            def getx(self):
+                return self.__x
+            def setx(self, value):
+                self.__x = value
+            def delx(self):
+                del self.__x
+            x = property(getx, setx, delx, doc="I'm the x property.")
+        a = C()
+        self.assertNotHasAttr(a, "x")
+        a.x = 42
+        self.assertEqual(a._C__x, 42)
+        self.assertEqual(a.x, 42)
+        del a.x
+        self.assertNotHasAttr(a, "x")
+        self.assertNotHasAttr(a, "_C__x")
+        C.x.__set__(a, 100)
+        self.assertEqual(C.x.__get__(a), 100)
+        C.x.__delete__(a)
+        self.assertNotHasAttr(a, "x")
+
+        raw = C.__dict__['x']
+        self.assertIsInstance(raw, property)
+
+        attrs = dir(raw)
+        self.assertIn("__doc__", attrs)
+        self.assertIn("fget", attrs)
+        self.assertIn("fset", attrs)
+        self.assertIn("fdel", attrs)
+
+        self.assertEqual(raw.__doc__, "I'm the x property.")
+        self.assertIs(raw.fget, C.__dict__['getx'])
+        self.assertIs(raw.fset, C.__dict__['setx'])
+        self.assertIs(raw.fdel, C.__dict__['delx'])
+
+        for attr in "__doc__", "fget", "fset", "fdel":
+            try:
+                setattr(raw, attr, 42)
+            except AttributeError as msg:
+                if str(msg).find('readonly') < 0:
+                    self.fail("when setting readonly attr %r on a property, "
+                              "got unexpected AttributeError msg %r" % (attr, str(msg)))
+            else:
+                self.fail("expected AttributeError from trying to set readonly %r "
+                          "attr on a property" % attr)
+
+        class D(object):
+            __getitem__ = property(lambda s: 1/0)
+
+        d = D()
+        try:
+            for i in d:
+                str(i)
+        except ZeroDivisionError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            self.fail("expected ZeroDivisionError from bad property")
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(sys.flags.optimize >= 2,
+                     "Docstrings are omitted with -O2 and above")
+    def test_properties_doc_attrib(self):
+        class E(object):
+            def getter(self):
+                "getter method"
+                return 0
+            def setter(self_, value):
+                "setter method"
+                pass
+            prop = property(getter)
+            self.assertEqual(prop.__doc__, "getter method")
+            prop2 = property(fset=setter)
+            self.assertEqual(prop2.__doc__, None)
+
+    @support.cpython_only
+    def test_testcapi_no_segfault(self):
+        # this segfaulted in 2.5b2
+        try:
+            import _testcapi
+        except ImportError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            class X(object):
+                p = property(_testcapi.test_with_docstring)
+
+    def test_properties_plus(self):
+        class C(object):
+            foo = property(doc="hello")
+            @foo.getter
+            def foo(self):
+                return self._foo
+            @foo.setter
+            def foo(self, value):
+                self._foo = abs(value)
+            @foo.deleter
+            def foo(self):
+                del self._foo
+        c = C()
+        self.assertEqual(C.foo.__doc__, "hello")
+        self.assertNotHasAttr(c, "foo")
+        c.foo = -42
+        self.assertHasAttr(c, '_foo')
+        self.assertEqual(c._foo, 42)
+        self.assertEqual(c.foo, 42)
+        del c.foo
+        self.assertNotHasAttr(c, '_foo')
+        self.assertNotHasAttr(c, "foo")
+
+        class D(C):
+            @C.foo.deleter
+            def foo(self):
+                try:
+                    del self._foo
+                except AttributeError:
+                    pass
+        d = D()
+        d.foo = 24
+        self.assertEqual(d.foo, 24)
+        del d.foo
+        del d.foo
+
+        class E(object):
+            @property
+            def foo(self):
+                return self._foo
+            @foo.setter
+            def foo(self, value):
+                raise RuntimeError
+            @foo.setter
+            def foo(self, value):
+                self._foo = abs(value)
+            @foo.deleter
+            def foo(self, value=None):
+                del self._foo
+
+        e = E()
+        e.foo = -42
+        self.assertEqual(e.foo, 42)
+        del e.foo
+
+        class F(E):
+            @E.foo.deleter
+            def foo(self):
+                del self._foo
+            @foo.setter
+            def foo(self, value):
+                self._foo = max(0, value)
+        f = F()
+        f.foo = -10
+        self.assertEqual(f.foo, 0)
+        del f.foo
+
+    def test_dict_constructors(self):
+        # Testing dict constructor ...
+        d = dict()
+        self.assertEqual(d, {})
+        d = dict({})
+        self.assertEqual(d, {})
+        d = dict({1: 2, 'a': 'b'})
+        self.assertEqual(d, {1: 2, 'a': 'b'})
+        self.assertEqual(d, dict(list(d.items())))
+        self.assertEqual(d, dict(iter(d.items())))
+        d = dict({'one':1, 'two':2})
+        self.assertEqual(d, dict(one=1, two=2))
+        self.assertEqual(d, dict(**d))
+        self.assertEqual(d, dict({"one": 1}, two=2))
+        self.assertEqual(d, dict([("two", 2)], one=1))
+        self.assertEqual(d, dict([("one", 100), ("two", 200)], **d))
+        self.assertEqual(d, dict(**d))
+
+        for badarg in 0, 0, 0j, "0", [0], (0,):
+            try:
+                dict(badarg)
+            except TypeError:
+                pass
+            except ValueError:
+                if badarg == "0":
+                    # It's a sequence, and its elements are also sequences (gotta
+                    # love strings <wink>), but they aren't of length 2, so this
+                    # one seemed better as a ValueError than a TypeError.
+                    pass
+                else:
+                    self.fail("no TypeError from dict(%r)" % badarg)
+            else:
+                self.fail("no TypeError from dict(%r)" % badarg)
+
+        try:
+            dict({}, {})
+        except TypeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            self.fail("no TypeError from dict({}, {})")
+
+        class Mapping:
+            # Lacks a .keys() method; will be added later.
+            dict = {1:2, 3:4, 'a':1j}
+
+        try:
+            dict(Mapping())
+        except TypeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            self.fail("no TypeError from dict(incomplete mapping)")
+
+        Mapping.keys = lambda self: list(self.dict.keys())
+        Mapping.__getitem__ = lambda self, i: self.dict[i]
+        d = dict(Mapping())
+        self.assertEqual(d, Mapping.dict)
+
+        # Init from sequence of iterable objects, each producing a 2-sequence.
+        class AddressBookEntry:
+            def __init__(self, first, last):
+                self.first = first
+                self.last = last
+            def __iter__(self):
+                return iter([self.first, self.last])
+
+        d = dict([AddressBookEntry('Tim', 'Warsaw'),
+                  AddressBookEntry('Barry', 'Peters'),
+                  AddressBookEntry('Tim', 'Peters'),
+                  AddressBookEntry('Barry', 'Warsaw')])
+        self.assertEqual(d, {'Barry': 'Warsaw', 'Tim': 'Peters'})
+
+        d = dict(zip(range(4), range(1, 5)))
+        self.assertEqual(d, dict([(i, i+1) for i in range(4)]))
+
+        # Bad sequence lengths.
+        for bad in [('tooshort',)], [('too', 'long', 'by 1')]:
+            try:
+                dict(bad)
+            except ValueError:
+                pass
+            else:
+                self.fail("no ValueError from dict(%r)" % bad)
+
+    def test_dir(self):
+        # Testing dir() ...
+        junk = 12
+        self.assertEqual(dir(), ['junk', 'self'])
+        del junk
+
+        # Just make sure these don't blow up!
+        for arg in 2, 2, 2j, 2e0, [2], "2", b"2", (2,), {2:2}, type, self.test_dir:
+            dir(arg)
+
+        # Test dir on new-style classes.  Since these have object as a
+        # base class, a lot more gets sucked in.
+        def interesting(strings):
+            return [s for s in strings if not s.startswith('_')]
+
+        class C(object):
+            Cdata = 1
+            def Cmethod(self): pass
+
+        cstuff = ['Cdata', 'Cmethod']
+        self.assertEqual(interesting(dir(C)), cstuff)
+
+        c = C()
+        self.assertEqual(interesting(dir(c)), cstuff)
+        ## self.assertIn('__self__', dir(C.Cmethod))
+
+        c.cdata = 2
+        c.cmethod = lambda self: 0
+        self.assertEqual(interesting(dir(c)), cstuff + ['cdata', 'cmethod'])
+        ## self.assertIn('__self__', dir(c.Cmethod))
+
+        class A(C):
+            Adata = 1
+            def Amethod(self): pass
+
+        astuff = ['Adata', 'Amethod'] + cstuff
+        self.assertEqual(interesting(dir(A)), astuff)
+        ## self.assertIn('__self__', dir(A.Amethod))
+        a = A()
+        self.assertEqual(interesting(dir(a)), astuff)
+        a.adata = 42
+        a.amethod = lambda self: 3
+        self.assertEqual(interesting(dir(a)), astuff + ['adata', 'amethod'])
+        ## self.assertIn('__self__', dir(a.Amethod))
+
+        # Try a module subclass.
+        class M(type(sys)):
+            pass
+        minstance = M("m")
+        minstance.b = 2
+        minstance.a = 1
+        default_attributes = ['__name__', '__doc__', '__package__',
+                              '__loader__', '__spec__']
+        names = [x for x in dir(minstance) if x not in default_attributes]
+        self.assertEqual(names, ['a', 'b'])
+
+        class M2(M):
+            def getdict(self):
+                return "Not a dict!"
+            __dict__ = property(getdict)
+
+        m2instance = M2("m2")
+        m2instance.b = 2
+        m2instance.a = 1
+        self.assertEqual(m2instance.__dict__, "Not a dict!")
+        try:
+            dir(m2instance)
+        except TypeError:
+            pass
+
+        # Two essentially featureless objects, just inheriting stuff from
+        # object.
+        self.assertEqual(dir(NotImplemented), dir(Ellipsis))
+
+        # Nasty test case for proxied objects
+        class Wrapper(object):
+            def __init__(self, obj):
+                self.__obj = obj
+            def __repr__(self):
+                return "Wrapper(%s)" % repr(self.__obj)
+            def __getitem__(self, key):
+                return Wrapper(self.__obj[key])
+            def __len__(self):
+                return len(self.__obj)
+            def __getattr__(self, name):
+                return Wrapper(getattr(self.__obj, name))
+
+        class C(object):
+            def __getclass(self):
+                return Wrapper(type(self))
+            __class__ = property(__getclass)
+
+        dir(C()) # This used to segfault
+
+    def test_supers(self):
+        # Testing super...
+
+        class A(object):
+            def meth(self, a):
+                return "A(%r)" % a
+
+        self.assertEqual(A().meth(1), "A(1)")
+
+        class B(A):
+            def __init__(self):
+                self.__super = super(B, self)
+            def meth(self, a):
+                return "B(%r)" % a + self.__super.meth(a)
+
+        self.assertEqual(B().meth(2), "B(2)A(2)")
+
+        class C(A):
+            def meth(self, a):
+                return "C(%r)" % a + self.__super.meth(a)
+        C._C__super = super(C)
+
+        self.assertEqual(C().meth(3), "C(3)A(3)")
+
+        class D(C, B):
+            def meth(self, a):
+                return "D(%r)" % a + super(D, self).meth(a)
+
+        self.assertEqual(D().meth(4), "D(4)C(4)B(4)A(4)")
+
+        # Test for subclassing super
+
+        class mysuper(super):
+            def __init__(self, *args):
+                return super(mysuper, self).__init__(*args)
+
+        class E(D):
+            def meth(self, a):
+                return "E(%r)" % a + mysuper(E, self).meth(a)
+
+        self.assertEqual(E().meth(5), "E(5)D(5)C(5)B(5)A(5)")
+
+        class F(E):
+            def meth(self, a):
+                s = self.__super # == mysuper(F, self)
+                return "F(%r)[%s]" % (a, s.__class__.__name__) + s.meth(a)
+        F._F__super = mysuper(F)
+
+        self.assertEqual(F().meth(6), "F(6)[mysuper]E(6)D(6)C(6)B(6)A(6)")
+
+        # Make sure certain errors are raised
+
+        try:
+            super(D, 42)
+        except TypeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            self.fail("shouldn't allow super(D, 42)")
+
+        try:
+            super(D, C())
+        except TypeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            self.fail("shouldn't allow super(D, C())")
+
+        try:
+            super(D).__get__(12)
+        except TypeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            self.fail("shouldn't allow super(D).__get__(12)")
+
+        try:
+            super(D).__get__(C())
+        except TypeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            self.fail("shouldn't allow super(D).__get__(C())")
+
+        # Make sure data descriptors can be overridden and accessed via super
+        # (new feature in Python 2.3)
+
+        class DDbase(object):
+            def getx(self): return 42
+            x = property(getx)
+
+        class DDsub(DDbase):
+            def getx(self): return "hello"
+            x = property(getx)
+
+        dd = DDsub()
+        self.assertEqual(dd.x, "hello")
+        self.assertEqual(super(DDsub, dd).x, 42)
+
+        # Ensure that super() lookup of descriptor from classmethod
+        # works (SF ID# 743627)
+
+        class Base(object):
+            aProp = property(lambda self: "foo")
+
+        class Sub(Base):
+            @classmethod
+            def test(klass):
+                return super(Sub,klass).aProp
+
+        self.assertEqual(Sub.test(), Base.aProp)
+
+        # Verify that super() doesn't allow keyword args
+        try:
+            super(Base, kw=1)
+        except TypeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            self.assertEqual("super shouldn't accept keyword args")
+
+    def test_basic_inheritance(self):
+        # Testing inheritance from basic types...
+
+        class hexint(int):
+            def __repr__(self):
+                return hex(self)
+            def __add__(self, other):
+                return hexint(int.__add__(self, other))
+            # (Note that overriding __radd__ doesn't work,
+            # because the int type gets first dibs.)
+        self.assertEqual(repr(hexint(7) + 9), "0x10")
+        self.assertEqual(repr(hexint(1000) + 7), "0x3ef")
+        a = hexint(12345)
+        self.assertEqual(a, 12345)
+        self.assertEqual(int(a), 12345)
+        self.assertIs(int(a).__class__, int)
+        self.assertEqual(hash(a), hash(12345))
+        self.assertIs((+a).__class__, int)
+        self.assertIs((a >> 0).__class__, int)
+        self.assertIs((a << 0).__class__, int)
+        self.assertIs((hexint(0) << 12).__class__, int)
+        self.assertIs((hexint(0) >> 12).__class__, int)
+
+        class octlong(int):
+            __slots__ = []
+            def __str__(self):
+                return oct(self)
+            def __add__(self, other):
+                return self.__class__(super(octlong, self).__add__(other))
+            __radd__ = __add__
+        self.assertEqual(str(octlong(3) + 5), "0o10")
+        # (Note that overriding __radd__ here only seems to work
+        # because the example uses a short int left argument.)
+        self.assertEqual(str(5 + octlong(3000)), "0o5675")
+        a = octlong(12345)
+        self.assertEqual(a, 12345)
+        self.assertEqual(int(a), 12345)
+        self.assertEqual(hash(a), hash(12345))
+        self.assertIs(int(a).__class__, int)
+        self.assertIs((+a).__class__, int)
+        self.assertIs((-a).__class__, int)
+        self.assertIs((-octlong(0)).__class__, int)
+        self.assertIs((a >> 0).__class__, int)
+        self.assertIs((a << 0).__class__, int)
+        self.assertIs((a - 0).__class__, int)
+        self.assertIs((a * 1).__class__, int)
+        self.assertIs((a ** 1).__class__, int)
+        self.assertIs((a // 1).__class__, int)
+        self.assertIs((1 * a).__class__, int)
+        self.assertIs((a | 0).__class__, int)
+        self.assertIs((a ^ 0).__class__, int)
+        self.assertIs((a & -1).__class__, int)
+        self.assertIs((octlong(0) << 12).__class__, int)
+        self.assertIs((octlong(0) >> 12).__class__, int)
+        self.assertIs(abs(octlong(0)).__class__, int)
+
+        # Because octlong overrides __add__, we can't check the absence of +0
+        # optimizations using octlong.
+        class longclone(int):
+            pass
+        a = longclone(1)
+        self.assertIs((a + 0).__class__, int)
+        self.assertIs((0 + a).__class__, int)
+
+        # Check that negative clones don't segfault
+        a = longclone(-1)
+        self.assertEqual(a.__dict__, {})
+        self.assertEqual(int(a), -1)  # self.assertTrue PyNumber_Long() copies the sign bit
+
+        class precfloat(float):
+            __slots__ = ['prec']
+            def __init__(self, value=0.0, prec=12):
+                self.prec = int(prec)
+            def __repr__(self):
+                return "%.*g" % (self.prec, self)
+        self.assertEqual(repr(precfloat(1.1)), "1.1")
+        a = precfloat(12345)
+        self.assertEqual(a, 12345.0)
+        self.assertEqual(float(a), 12345.0)
+        self.assertIs(float(a).__class__, float)
+        self.assertEqual(hash(a), hash(12345.0))
+        self.assertIs((+a).__class__, float)
+
+        class madcomplex(complex):
+            def __repr__(self):
+                return "%.17gj%+.17g" % (self.imag, self.real)
+        a = madcomplex(-3, 4)
+        self.assertEqual(repr(a), "4j-3")
+        base = complex(-3, 4)
+        self.assertEqual(base.__class__, complex)
+        self.assertEqual(a, base)
+        self.assertEqual(complex(a), base)
+        self.assertEqual(complex(a).__class__, complex)
+        a = madcomplex(a)  # just trying another form of the constructor
+        self.assertEqual(repr(a), "4j-3")
+        self.assertEqual(a, base)
+        self.assertEqual(complex(a), base)
+        self.assertEqual(complex(a).__class__, complex)
+        self.assertEqual(hash(a), hash(base))
+        self.assertEqual((+a).__class__, complex)
+        self.assertEqual((a + 0).__class__, complex)
+        self.assertEqual(a + 0, base)
+        self.assertEqual((a - 0).__class__, complex)
+        self.assertEqual(a - 0, base)
+        self.assertEqual((a * 1).__class__, complex)
+        self.assertEqual(a * 1, base)
+        self.assertEqual((a / 1).__class__, complex)
+        self.assertEqual(a / 1, base)
+
+        class madtuple(tuple):
+            _rev = None
+            def rev(self):
+                if self._rev is not None:
+                    return self._rev
+                L = list(self)
+                L.reverse()
+                self._rev = self.__class__(L)
+                return self._rev
+        a = madtuple((1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0))
+        self.assertEqual(a, (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0))
+        self.assertEqual(a.rev(), madtuple((0,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1)))
+        self.assertEqual(a.rev().rev(), madtuple((1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0)))
+        for i in range(512):
+            t = madtuple(range(i))
+            u = t.rev()
+            v = u.rev()
+            self.assertEqual(v, t)
+        a = madtuple((1,2,3,4,5))
+        self.assertEqual(tuple(a), (1,2,3,4,5))
+        self.assertIs(tuple(a).__class__, tuple)
+        self.assertEqual(hash(a), hash((1,2,3,4,5)))
+        self.assertIs(a[:].__class__, tuple)
+        self.assertIs((a * 1).__class__, tuple)
+        self.assertIs((a * 0).__class__, tuple)
+        self.assertIs((a + ()).__class__, tuple)
+        a = madtuple(())
+        self.assertEqual(tuple(a), ())
+        self.assertIs(tuple(a).__class__, tuple)
+        self.assertIs((a + a).__class__, tuple)
+        self.assertIs((a * 0).__class__, tuple)
+        self.assertIs((a * 1).__class__, tuple)
+        self.assertIs((a * 2).__class__, tuple)
+        self.assertIs(a[:].__class__, tuple)
+
+        class madstring(str):
+            _rev = None
+            def rev(self):
+                if self._rev is not None:
+                    return self._rev
+                L = list(self)
+                L.reverse()
+                self._rev = self.__class__("".join(L))
+                return self._rev
+        s = madstring("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz")
+        self.assertEqual(s, "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz")
+        self.assertEqual(s.rev(), madstring("zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcba"))
+        self.assertEqual(s.rev().rev(), madstring("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"))
+        for i in range(256):
+            s = madstring("".join(map(chr, range(i))))
+            t = s.rev()
+            u = t.rev()
+            self.assertEqual(u, s)
+        s = madstring("12345")
+        self.assertEqual(str(s), "12345")
+        self.assertIs(str(s).__class__, str)
+
+        base = "\x00" * 5
+        s = madstring(base)
+        self.assertEqual(s, base)
+        self.assertEqual(str(s), base)
+        self.assertIs(str(s).__class__, str)
+        self.assertEqual(hash(s), hash(base))
+        self.assertEqual({s: 1}[base], 1)
+        self.assertEqual({base: 1}[s], 1)
+        self.assertIs((s + "").__class__, str)
+        self.assertEqual(s + "", base)
+        self.assertIs(("" + s).__class__, str)
+        self.assertEqual("" + s, base)
+        self.assertIs((s * 0).__class__, str)
+        self.assertEqual(s * 0, "")
+        self.assertIs((s * 1).__class__, str)
+        self.assertEqual(s * 1, base)
+        self.assertIs((s * 2).__class__, str)
+        self.assertEqual(s * 2, base + base)
+        self.assertIs(s[:].__class__, str)
+        self.assertEqual(s[:], base)
+        self.assertIs(s[0:0].__class__, str)
+        self.assertEqual(s[0:0], "")
+        self.assertIs(s.strip().__class__, str)
+        self.assertEqual(s.strip(), base)
+        self.assertIs(s.lstrip().__class__, str)
+        self.assertEqual(s.lstrip(), base)
+        self.assertIs(s.rstrip().__class__, str)
+        self.assertEqual(s.rstrip(), base)
+        identitytab = {}
+        self.assertIs(s.translate(identitytab).__class__, str)
+        self.assertEqual(s.translate(identitytab), base)
+        self.assertIs(s.replace("x", "x").__class__, str)
+        self.assertEqual(s.replace("x", "x"), base)
+        self.assertIs(s.ljust(len(s)).__class__, str)
+        self.assertEqual(s.ljust(len(s)), base)
+        self.assertIs(s.rjust(len(s)).__class__, str)
+        self.assertEqual(s.rjust(len(s)), base)
+        self.assertIs(s.center(len(s)).__class__, str)
+        self.assertEqual(s.center(len(s)), base)
+        self.assertIs(s.lower().__class__, str)
+        self.assertEqual(s.lower(), base)
+
+        class madunicode(str):
+            _rev = None
+            def rev(self):
+                if self._rev is not None:
+                    return self._rev
+                L = list(self)
+                L.reverse()
+                self._rev = self.__class__("".join(L))
+                return self._rev
+        u = madunicode("ABCDEF")
+        self.assertEqual(u, "ABCDEF")
+        self.assertEqual(u.rev(), madunicode("FEDCBA"))
+        self.assertEqual(u.rev().rev(), madunicode("ABCDEF"))
+        base = "12345"
+        u = madunicode(base)
+        self.assertEqual(str(u), base)
+        self.assertIs(str(u).__class__, str)
+        self.assertEqual(hash(u), hash(base))
+        self.assertEqual({u: 1}[base], 1)
+        self.assertEqual({base: 1}[u], 1)
+        self.assertIs(u.strip().__class__, str)
+        self.assertEqual(u.strip(), base)
+        self.assertIs(u.lstrip().__class__, str)
+        self.assertEqual(u.lstrip(), base)
+        self.assertIs(u.rstrip().__class__, str)
+        self.assertEqual(u.rstrip(), base)
+        self.assertIs(u.replace("x", "x").__class__, str)
+        self.assertEqual(u.replace("x", "x"), base)
+        self.assertIs(u.replace("xy", "xy").__class__, str)
+        self.assertEqual(u.replace("xy", "xy"), base)
+        self.assertIs(u.center(len(u)).__class__, str)
+        self.assertEqual(u.center(len(u)), base)
+        self.assertIs(u.ljust(len(u)).__class__, str)
+        self.assertEqual(u.ljust(len(u)), base)
+        self.assertIs(u.rjust(len(u)).__class__, str)
+        self.assertEqual(u.rjust(len(u)), base)
+        self.assertIs(u.lower().__class__, str)
+        self.assertEqual(u.lower(), base)
+        self.assertIs(u.upper().__class__, str)
+        self.assertEqual(u.upper(), base)
+        self.assertIs(u.capitalize().__class__, str)
+        self.assertEqual(u.capitalize(), base)
+        self.assertIs(u.title().__class__, str)
+        self.assertEqual(u.title(), base)
+        self.assertIs((u + "").__class__, str)
+        self.assertEqual(u + "", base)
+        self.assertIs(("" + u).__class__, str)
+        self.assertEqual("" + u, base)
+        self.assertIs((u * 0).__class__, str)
+        self.assertEqual(u * 0, "")
+        self.assertIs((u * 1).__class__, str)
+        self.assertEqual(u * 1, base)
+        self.assertIs((u * 2).__class__, str)
+        self.assertEqual(u * 2, base + base)
+        self.assertIs(u[:].__class__, str)
+        self.assertEqual(u[:], base)
+        self.assertIs(u[0:0].__class__, str)
+        self.assertEqual(u[0:0], "")
+
+        class sublist(list):
+            pass
+        a = sublist(range(5))
+        self.assertEqual(a, list(range(5)))
+        a.append("hello")
+        self.assertEqual(a, list(range(5)) + ["hello"])
+        a[5] = 5
+        self.assertEqual(a, list(range(6)))
+        a.extend(range(6, 20))
+        self.assertEqual(a, list(range(20)))
+        a[-5:] = []
+        self.assertEqual(a, list(range(15)))
+        del a[10:15]
+        self.assertEqual(len(a), 10)
+        self.assertEqual(a, list(range(10)))
+        self.assertEqual(list(a), list(range(10)))
+        self.assertEqual(a[0], 0)
+        self.assertEqual(a[9], 9)
+        self.assertEqual(a[-10], 0)
+        self.assertEqual(a[-1], 9)
+        self.assertEqual(a[:5], list(range(5)))
+
+        ## class CountedInput(file):
+        ##    """Counts lines read by self.readline().
+        ##
+        ##     self.lineno is the 0-based ordinal of the last line read, up to
+        ##     a maximum of one greater than the number of lines in the file.
+        ##
+        ##     self.ateof is true if and only if the final "" line has been read,
+        ##     at which point self.lineno stops incrementing, and further calls
+        ##     to readline() continue to return "".
+        ##     """
+        ##
+        ##     lineno = 0
+        ##     ateof = 0
+        ##     def readline(self):
+        ##         if self.ateof:
+        ##             return ""
+        ##         s = file.readline(self)
+        ##         # Next line works too.
+        ##         # s = super(CountedInput, self).readline()
+        ##         self.lineno += 1
+        ##         if s == "":
+        ##             self.ateof = 1
+        ##        return s
+        ##
+        ## f = file(name=support.TESTFN, mode='w')
+        ## lines = ['a\n', 'b\n', 'c\n']
+        ## try:
+        ##     f.writelines(lines)
+        ##     f.close()
+        ##     f = CountedInput(support.TESTFN)
+        ##     for (i, expected) in zip(range(1, 5) + [4], lines + 2 * [""]):
+        ##         got = f.readline()
+        ##         self.assertEqual(expected, got)
+        ##         self.assertEqual(f.lineno, i)
+        ##         self.assertEqual(f.ateof, (i > len(lines)))
+        ##     f.close()
+        ## finally:
+        ##     try:
+        ##         f.close()
+        ##     except:
+        ##         pass
+        ##     support.unlink(support.TESTFN)
+
+    def test_keywords(self):
+        # Testing keyword args to basic type constructors ...
+        self.assertEqual(int(x=1), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(float(x=2), 2.0)
+        self.assertEqual(int(x=3), 3)
+        self.assertEqual(complex(imag=42, real=666), complex(666, 42))
+        self.assertEqual(str(object=500), '500')
+        self.assertEqual(str(object=b'abc', errors='strict'), 'abc')
+        self.assertEqual(tuple(sequence=range(3)), (0, 1, 2))
+        self.assertEqual(list(sequence=(0, 1, 2)), list(range(3)))
+        # note: as of Python 2.3, dict() no longer has an "items" keyword arg
+
+        for constructor in (int, float, int, complex, str, str,
+                            tuple, list):
+            try:
+                constructor(bogus_keyword_arg=1)
+            except TypeError:
+                pass
+            else:
+                self.fail("expected TypeError from bogus keyword argument to %r"
+                            % constructor)
+
+    def test_str_subclass_as_dict_key(self):
+        # Testing a str subclass used as dict key ..
+
+        class cistr(str):
+            """Sublcass of str that computes __eq__ case-insensitively.
+
+            Also computes a hash code of the string in canonical form.
+            """
+
+            def __init__(self, value):
+                self.canonical = value.lower()
+                self.hashcode = hash(self.canonical)
+
+            def __eq__(self, other):
+                if not isinstance(other, cistr):
+                    other = cistr(other)
+                return self.canonical == other.canonical
+
+            def __hash__(self):
+                return self.hashcode
+
+        self.assertEqual(cistr('ABC'), 'abc')
+        self.assertEqual('aBc', cistr('ABC'))
+        self.assertEqual(str(cistr('ABC')), 'ABC')
+
+        d = {cistr('one'): 1, cistr('two'): 2, cistr('tHree'): 3}
+        self.assertEqual(d[cistr('one')], 1)
+        self.assertEqual(d[cistr('tWo')], 2)
+        self.assertEqual(d[cistr('THrEE')], 3)
+        self.assertIn(cistr('ONe'), d)
+        self.assertEqual(d.get(cistr('thrEE')), 3)
+
+    def test_classic_comparisons(self):
+        # Testing classic comparisons...
+        class classic:
+            pass
+
+        for base in (classic, int, object):
+            class C(base):
+                def __init__(self, value):
+                    self.value = int(value)
+                def __eq__(self, other):
+                    if isinstance(other, C):
+                        return self.value == other.value
+                    if isinstance(other, int) or isinstance(other, int):
+                        return self.value == other
+                    return NotImplemented
+                def __ne__(self, other):
+                    if isinstance(other, C):
+                        return self.value != other.value
+                    if isinstance(other, int) or isinstance(other, int):
+                        return self.value != other
+                    return NotImplemented
+                def __lt__(self, other):
+                    if isinstance(other, C):
+                        return self.value < other.value
+                    if isinstance(other, int) or isinstance(other, int):
+                        return self.value < other
+                    return NotImplemented
+                def __le__(self, other):
+                    if isinstance(other, C):
+                        return self.value <= other.value
+                    if isinstance(other, int) or isinstance(other, int):
+                        return self.value <= other
+                    return NotImplemented
+                def __gt__(self, other):
+                    if isinstance(other, C):
+                        return self.value > other.value
+                    if isinstance(other, int) or isinstance(other, int):
+                        return self.value > other
+                    return NotImplemented
+                def __ge__(self, other):
+                    if isinstance(other, C):
+                        return self.value >= other.value
+                    if isinstance(other, int) or isinstance(other, int):
+                        return self.value >= other
+                    return NotImplemented
+
+            c1 = C(1)
+            c2 = C(2)
+            c3 = C(3)
+            self.assertEqual(c1, 1)
+            c = {1: c1, 2: c2, 3: c3}
+            for x in 1, 2, 3:
+                for y in 1, 2, 3:
+                    for op in "<", "<=", "==", "!=", ">", ">=":
+                        self.assertEqual(eval("c[x] %s c[y]" % op),
+                                     eval("x %s y" % op),
+                                     "x=%d, y=%d" % (x, y))
+                        self.assertEqual(eval("c[x] %s y" % op),
+                                     eval("x %s y" % op),
+                                     "x=%d, y=%d" % (x, y))
+                        self.assertEqual(eval("x %s c[y]" % op),
+                                     eval("x %s y" % op),
+                                     "x=%d, y=%d" % (x, y))
+
+    def test_rich_comparisons(self):
+        # Testing rich comparisons...
+        class Z(complex):
+            pass
+        z = Z(1)
+        self.assertEqual(z, 1+0j)
+        self.assertEqual(1+0j, z)
+        class ZZ(complex):
+            def __eq__(self, other):
+                try:
+                    return abs(self - other) <= 1e-6
+                except:
+                    return NotImplemented
+        zz = ZZ(1.0000003)
+        self.assertEqual(zz, 1+0j)
+        self.assertEqual(1+0j, zz)
+
+        class classic:
+            pass
+        for base in (classic, int, object, list):
+            class C(base):
+                def __init__(self, value):
+                    self.value = int(value)
+                def __cmp__(self_, other):
+                    self.fail("shouldn't call __cmp__")
+                def __eq__(self, other):
+                    if isinstance(other, C):
+                        return self.value == other.value
+                    if isinstance(other, int) or isinstance(other, int):
+                        return self.value == other
+                    return NotImplemented
+                def __ne__(self, other):
+                    if isinstance(other, C):
+                        return self.value != other.value
+                    if isinstance(other, int) or isinstance(other, int):
+                        return self.value != other
+                    return NotImplemented
+                def __lt__(self, other):
+                    if isinstance(other, C):
+                        return self.value < other.value
+                    if isinstance(other, int) or isinstance(other, int):
+                        return self.value < other
+                    return NotImplemented
+                def __le__(self, other):
+                    if isinstance(other, C):
+                        return self.value <= other.value
+                    if isinstance(other, int) or isinstance(other, int):
+                        return self.value <= other
+                    return NotImplemented
+                def __gt__(self, other):
+                    if isinstance(other, C):
+                        return self.value > other.value
+                    if isinstance(other, int) or isinstance(other, int):
+                        return self.value > other
+                    return NotImplemented
+                def __ge__(self, other):
+                    if isinstance(other, C):
+                        return self.value >= other.value
+                    if isinstance(other, int) or isinstance(other, int):
+                        return self.value >= other
+                    return NotImplemented
+            c1 = C(1)
+            c2 = C(2)
+            c3 = C(3)
+            self.assertEqual(c1, 1)
+            c = {1: c1, 2: c2, 3: c3}
+            for x in 1, 2, 3:
+                for y in 1, 2, 3:
+                    for op in "<", "<=", "==", "!=", ">", ">=":
+                        self.assertEqual(eval("c[x] %s c[y]" % op),
+                                         eval("x %s y" % op),
+                                         "x=%d, y=%d" % (x, y))
+                        self.assertEqual(eval("c[x] %s y" % op),
+                                         eval("x %s y" % op),
+                                         "x=%d, y=%d" % (x, y))
+                        self.assertEqual(eval("x %s c[y]" % op),
+                                         eval("x %s y" % op),
+                                         "x=%d, y=%d" % (x, y))
+
+    def test_descrdoc(self):
+        # Testing descriptor doc strings...
+        from _io import FileIO
+        def check(descr, what):
+            self.assertEqual(descr.__doc__, what)
+        check(FileIO.closed, "True if the file is closed") # getset descriptor
+        check(complex.real, "the real part of a complex number") # member descriptor
+
+    def test_doc_descriptor(self):
+        # Testing __doc__ descriptor...
+        # SF bug 542984
+        class DocDescr(object):
+            def __get__(self, object, otype):
+                if object:
+                    object = object.__class__.__name__ + ' instance'
+                if otype:
+                    otype = otype.__name__
+                return 'object=%s; type=%s' % (object, otype)
+        class OldClass:
+            __doc__ = DocDescr()
+        class NewClass(object):
+            __doc__ = DocDescr()
+        self.assertEqual(OldClass.__doc__, 'object=None; type=OldClass')
+        self.assertEqual(OldClass().__doc__, 'object=OldClass instance; type=OldClass')
+        self.assertEqual(NewClass.__doc__, 'object=None; type=NewClass')
+        self.assertEqual(NewClass().__doc__, 'object=NewClass instance; type=NewClass')
+
+    def test_set_class(self):
+        # Testing __class__ assignment...
+        class C(object): pass
+        class D(object): pass
+        class E(object): pass
+        class F(D, E): pass
+        for cls in C, D, E, F:
+            for cls2 in C, D, E, F:
+                x = cls()
+                x.__class__ = cls2
+                self.assertIs(x.__class__, cls2)
+                x.__class__ = cls
+                self.assertIs(x.__class__, cls)
+        def cant(x, C):
+            try:
+                x.__class__ = C
+            except TypeError:
+                pass
+            else:
+                self.fail("shouldn't allow %r.__class__ = %r" % (x, C))
+            try:
+                delattr(x, "__class__")
+            except (TypeError, AttributeError):
+                pass
+            else:
+                self.fail("shouldn't allow del %r.__class__" % x)
+        cant(C(), list)
+        cant(list(), C)
+        cant(C(), 1)
+        cant(C(), object)
+        cant(object(), list)
+        cant(list(), object)
+        class Int(int): __slots__ = []
+        cant(2, Int)
+        cant(Int(), int)
+        cant(True, int)
+        cant(2, bool)
+        o = object()
+        cant(o, type(1))
+        cant(o, type(None))
+        del o
+        class G(object):
+            __slots__ = ["a", "b"]
+        class H(object):
+            __slots__ = ["b", "a"]
+        class I(object):
+            __slots__ = ["a", "b"]
+        class J(object):
+            __slots__ = ["c", "b"]
+        class K(object):
+            __slots__ = ["a", "b", "d"]
+        class L(H):
+            __slots__ = ["e"]
+        class M(I):
+            __slots__ = ["e"]
+        class N(J):
+            __slots__ = ["__weakref__"]
+        class P(J):
+            __slots__ = ["__dict__"]
+        class Q(J):
+            pass
+        class R(J):
+            __slots__ = ["__dict__", "__weakref__"]
+
+        for cls, cls2 in ((G, H), (G, I), (I, H), (Q, R), (R, Q)):
+            x = cls()
+            x.a = 1
+            x.__class__ = cls2
+            self.assertIs(x.__class__, cls2,
+                   "assigning %r as __class__ for %r silently failed" % (cls2, x))
+            self.assertEqual(x.a, 1)
+            x.__class__ = cls
+            self.assertIs(x.__class__, cls,
+                   "assigning %r as __class__ for %r silently failed" % (cls, x))
+            self.assertEqual(x.a, 1)
+        for cls in G, J, K, L, M, N, P, R, list, Int:
+            for cls2 in G, J, K, L, M, N, P, R, list, Int:
+                if cls is cls2:
+                    continue
+                cant(cls(), cls2)
+
+        # Issue5283: when __class__ changes in __del__, the wrong
+        # type gets DECREF'd.
+        class O(object):
+            pass
+        class A(object):
+            def __del__(self):
+                self.__class__ = O
+        l = [A() for x in range(100)]
+        del l
+
+    def test_set_dict(self):
+        # Testing __dict__ assignment...
+        class C(object): pass
+        a = C()
+        a.__dict__ = {'b': 1}
+        self.assertEqual(a.b, 1)
+        def cant(x, dict):
+            try:
+                x.__dict__ = dict
+            except (AttributeError, TypeError):
+                pass
+            else:
+                self.fail("shouldn't allow %r.__dict__ = %r" % (x, dict))
+        cant(a, None)
+        cant(a, [])
+        cant(a, 1)
+        del a.__dict__ # Deleting __dict__ is allowed
+
+        class Base(object):
+            pass
+        def verify_dict_readonly(x):
+            """
+            x has to be an instance of a class inheriting from Base.
+            """
+            cant(x, {})
+            try:
+                del x.__dict__
+            except (AttributeError, TypeError):
+                pass
+            else:
+                self.fail("shouldn't allow del %r.__dict__" % x)
+            dict_descr = Base.__dict__["__dict__"]
+            try:
+                dict_descr.__set__(x, {})
+            except (AttributeError, TypeError):
+                pass
+            else:
+                self.fail("dict_descr allowed access to %r's dict" % x)
+
+        # Classes don't allow __dict__ assignment and have readonly dicts
+        class Meta1(type, Base):
+            pass
+        class Meta2(Base, type):
+            pass
+        class D(object, metaclass=Meta1):
+            pass
+        class E(object, metaclass=Meta2):
+            pass
+        for cls in C, D, E:
+            verify_dict_readonly(cls)
+            class_dict = cls.__dict__
+            try:
+                class_dict["spam"] = "eggs"
+            except TypeError:
+                pass
+            else:
+                self.fail("%r's __dict__ can be modified" % cls)
+
+        # Modules also disallow __dict__ assignment
+        class Module1(types.ModuleType, Base):
+            pass
+        class Module2(Base, types.ModuleType):
+            pass
+        for ModuleType in Module1, Module2:
+            mod = ModuleType("spam")
+            verify_dict_readonly(mod)
+            mod.__dict__["spam"] = "eggs"
+
+        # Exception's __dict__ can be replaced, but not deleted
+        # (at least not any more than regular exception's __dict__ can
+        # be deleted; on CPython it is not the case, whereas on PyPy they
+        # can, just like any other new-style instance's __dict__.)
+        def can_delete_dict(e):
+            try:
+                del e.__dict__
+            except (TypeError, AttributeError):
+                return False
+            else:
+                return True
+        class Exception1(Exception, Base):
+            pass
+        class Exception2(Base, Exception):
+            pass
+        for ExceptionType in Exception, Exception1, Exception2:
+            e = ExceptionType()
+            e.__dict__ = {"a": 1}
+            self.assertEqual(e.a, 1)
+            self.assertEqual(can_delete_dict(e), can_delete_dict(ValueError()))
+
+    def test_binary_operator_override(self):
+        # Testing overrides of binary operations...
+        class I(int):
+            def __repr__(self):
+                return "I(%r)" % int(self)
+            def __add__(self, other):
+                return I(int(self) + int(other))
+            __radd__ = __add__
+            def __pow__(self, other, mod=None):
+                if mod is None:
+                    return I(pow(int(self), int(other)))
+                else:
+                    return I(pow(int(self), int(other), int(mod)))
+            def __rpow__(self, other, mod=None):
+                if mod is None:
+                    return I(pow(int(other), int(self), mod))
+                else:
+                    return I(pow(int(other), int(self), int(mod)))
+
+        self.assertEqual(repr(I(1) + I(2)), "I(3)")
+        self.assertEqual(repr(I(1) + 2), "I(3)")
+        self.assertEqual(repr(1 + I(2)), "I(3)")
+        self.assertEqual(repr(I(2) ** I(3)), "I(8)")
+        self.assertEqual(repr(2 ** I(3)), "I(8)")
+        self.assertEqual(repr(I(2) ** 3), "I(8)")
+        self.assertEqual(repr(pow(I(2), I(3), I(5))), "I(3)")
+        class S(str):
+            def __eq__(self, other):
+                return self.lower() == other.lower()
+
+    def test_subclass_propagation(self):
+        # Testing propagation of slot functions to subclasses...
+        class A(object):
+            pass
+        class B(A):
+            pass
+        class C(A):
+            pass
+        class D(B, C):
+            pass
+        d = D()
+        orig_hash = hash(d) # related to id(d) in platform-dependent ways
+        A.__hash__ = lambda self: 42
+        self.assertEqual(hash(d), 42)
+        C.__hash__ = lambda self: 314
+        self.assertEqual(hash(d), 314)
+        B.__hash__ = lambda self: 144
+        self.assertEqual(hash(d), 144)
+        D.__hash__ = lambda self: 100
+        self.assertEqual(hash(d), 100)
+        D.__hash__ = None
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, hash, d)
+        del D.__hash__
+        self.assertEqual(hash(d), 144)
+        B.__hash__ = None
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, hash, d)
+        del B.__hash__
+        self.assertEqual(hash(d), 314)
+        C.__hash__ = None
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, hash, d)
+        del C.__hash__
+        self.assertEqual(hash(d), 42)
+        A.__hash__ = None
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, hash, d)
+        del A.__hash__
+        self.assertEqual(hash(d), orig_hash)
+        d.foo = 42
+        d.bar = 42
+        self.assertEqual(d.foo, 42)
+        self.assertEqual(d.bar, 42)
+        def __getattribute__(self, name):
+            if name == "foo":
+                return 24
+            return object.__getattribute__(self, name)
+        A.__getattribute__ = __getattribute__
+        self.assertEqual(d.foo, 24)
+        self.assertEqual(d.bar, 42)
+        def __getattr__(self, name):
+            if name in ("spam", "foo", "bar"):
+                return "hello"
+            raise AttributeError(name)
+        B.__getattr__ = __getattr__
+        self.assertEqual(d.spam, "hello")
+        self.assertEqual(d.foo, 24)
+        self.assertEqual(d.bar, 42)
+        del A.__getattribute__
+        self.assertEqual(d.foo, 42)
+        del d.foo
+        self.assertEqual(d.foo, "hello")
+        self.assertEqual(d.bar, 42)
+        del B.__getattr__
+        try:
+            d.foo
+        except AttributeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            self.fail("d.foo should be undefined now")
+
+        # Test a nasty bug in recurse_down_subclasses()
+        class A(object):
+            pass
+        class B(A):
+            pass
+        del B
+        support.gc_collect()
+        A.__setitem__ = lambda *a: None # crash
+
+    def test_buffer_inheritance(self):
+        # Testing that buffer interface is inherited ...
+
+        import binascii
+        # SF bug [#470040] ParseTuple t# vs subclasses.
+
+        class MyBytes(bytes):
+            pass
+        base = b'abc'
+        m = MyBytes(base)
+        # b2a_hex uses the buffer interface to get its argument's value, via
+        # PyArg_ParseTuple 't#' code.
+        self.assertEqual(binascii.b2a_hex(m), binascii.b2a_hex(base))
+
+        class MyInt(int):
+            pass
+        m = MyInt(42)
+        try:
+            binascii.b2a_hex(m)
+            self.fail('subclass of int should not have a buffer interface')
+        except TypeError:
+            pass
+
+    def test_str_of_str_subclass(self):
+        # Testing __str__ defined in subclass of str ...
+        import binascii
+        import io
+
+        class octetstring(str):
+            def __str__(self):
+                return binascii.b2a_hex(self.encode('ascii')).decode("ascii")
+            def __repr__(self):
+                return self + " repr"
+
+        o = octetstring('A')
+        self.assertEqual(type(o), octetstring)
+        self.assertEqual(type(str(o)), str)
+        self.assertEqual(type(repr(o)), str)
+        self.assertEqual(ord(o), 0x41)
+        self.assertEqual(str(o), '41')
+        self.assertEqual(repr(o), 'A repr')
+        self.assertEqual(o.__str__(), '41')
+        self.assertEqual(o.__repr__(), 'A repr')
+
+        capture = io.StringIO()
+        # Calling str() or not exercises different internal paths.
+        print(o, file=capture)
+        print(str(o), file=capture)
+        self.assertEqual(capture.getvalue(), '41\n41\n')
+        capture.close()
+
+    def test_keyword_arguments(self):
+        # Testing keyword arguments to __init__, __call__...
+        def f(a): return a
+        self.assertEqual(f.__call__(a=42), 42)
+        a = []
+        list.__init__(a, sequence=[0, 1, 2])
+        self.assertEqual(a, [0, 1, 2])
+
+    def test_recursive_call(self):
+        # Testing recursive __call__() by setting to instance of class...
+        class A(object):
+            pass
+
+        A.__call__ = A()
+        try:
+            A()()
+        except RuntimeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            self.fail("Recursion limit should have been reached for __call__()")
+
+    def test_delete_hook(self):
+        # Testing __del__ hook...
+        log = []
+        class C(object):
+            def __del__(self):
+                log.append(1)
+        c = C()
+        self.assertEqual(log, [])
+        del c
+        support.gc_collect()
+        self.assertEqual(log, [1])
+
+        class D(object): pass
+        d = D()
+        try: del d[0]
+        except TypeError: pass
+        else: self.fail("invalid del() didn't raise TypeError")
+
+    def test_hash_inheritance(self):
+        # Testing hash of mutable subclasses...
+
+        class mydict(dict):
+            pass
+        d = mydict()
+        try:
+            hash(d)
+        except TypeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            self.fail("hash() of dict subclass should fail")
+
+        class mylist(list):
+            pass
+        d = mylist()
+        try:
+            hash(d)
+        except TypeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            self.fail("hash() of list subclass should fail")
+
+    def test_str_operations(self):
+        try: 'a' + 5
+        except TypeError: pass
+        else: self.fail("'' + 5 doesn't raise TypeError")
+
+        try: ''.split('')
+        except ValueError: pass
+        else: self.fail("''.split('') doesn't raise ValueError")
+
+        try: ''.join([0])
+        except TypeError: pass
+        else: self.fail("''.join([0]) doesn't raise TypeError")
+
+        try: ''.rindex('5')
+        except ValueError: pass
+        else: self.fail("''.rindex('5') doesn't raise ValueError")
+
+        try: '%(n)s' % None
+        except TypeError: pass
+        else: self.fail("'%(n)s' % None doesn't raise TypeError")
+
+        try: '%(n' % {}
+        except ValueError: pass
+        else: self.fail("'%(n' % {} '' doesn't raise ValueError")
+
+        try: '%*s' % ('abc')
+        except TypeError: pass
+        else: self.fail("'%*s' % ('abc') doesn't raise TypeError")
+
+        try: '%*.*s' % ('abc', 5)
+        except TypeError: pass
+        else: self.fail("'%*.*s' % ('abc', 5) doesn't raise TypeError")
+
+        try: '%s' % (1, 2)
+        except TypeError: pass
+        else: self.fail("'%s' % (1, 2) doesn't raise TypeError")
+
+        try: '%' % None
+        except ValueError: pass
+        else: self.fail("'%' % None doesn't raise ValueError")
+
+        self.assertEqual('534253'.isdigit(), 1)
+        self.assertEqual('534253x'.isdigit(), 0)
+        self.assertEqual('%c' % 5, '\x05')
+        self.assertEqual('%c' % '5', '5')
+
+    def test_deepcopy_recursive(self):
+        # Testing deepcopy of recursive objects...
+        class Node:
+            pass
+        a = Node()
+        b = Node()
+        a.b = b
+        b.a = a
+        z = deepcopy(a) # This blew up before
+
+    def test_unintialized_modules(self):
+        # Testing uninitialized module objects...
+        from types import ModuleType as M
+        m = M.__new__(M)
+        str(m)
+        self.assertNotHasAttr(m, "__name__")
+        self.assertNotHasAttr(m, "__file__")
+        self.assertNotHasAttr(m, "foo")
+        self.assertFalse(m.__dict__)   # None or {} are both reasonable answers
+        m.foo = 1
+        self.assertEqual(m.__dict__, {"foo": 1})
+
+    def test_funny_new(self):
+        # Testing __new__ returning something unexpected...
+        class C(object):
+            def __new__(cls, arg):
+                if isinstance(arg, str): return [1, 2, 3]
+                elif isinstance(arg, int): return object.__new__(D)
+                else: return object.__new__(cls)
+        class D(C):
+            def __init__(self, arg):
+                self.foo = arg
+        self.assertEqual(C("1"), [1, 2, 3])
+        self.assertEqual(D("1"), [1, 2, 3])
+        d = D(None)
+        self.assertEqual(d.foo, None)
+        d = C(1)
+        self.assertIsInstance(d, D)
+        self.assertEqual(d.foo, 1)
+        d = D(1)
+        self.assertIsInstance(d, D)
+        self.assertEqual(d.foo, 1)
+
+    def test_imul_bug(self):
+        # Testing for __imul__ problems...
+        # SF bug 544647
+        class C(object):
+            def __imul__(self, other):
+                return (self, other)
+        x = C()
+        y = x
+        y *= 1.0
+        self.assertEqual(y, (x, 1.0))
+        y = x
+        y *= 2
+        self.assertEqual(y, (x, 2))
+        y = x
+        y *= 3
+        self.assertEqual(y, (x, 3))
+        y = x
+        y *= 1<<100
+        self.assertEqual(y, (x, 1<<100))
+        y = x
+        y *= None
+        self.assertEqual(y, (x, None))
+        y = x
+        y *= "foo"
+        self.assertEqual(y, (x, "foo"))
+
+    def test_copy_setstate(self):
+        # Testing that copy.*copy() correctly uses __setstate__...
+        import copy
+        class C(object):
+            def __init__(self, foo=None):
+                self.foo = foo
+                self.__foo = foo
+            def setfoo(self, foo=None):
+                self.foo = foo
+            def getfoo(self):
+                return self.__foo
+            def __getstate__(self):
+                return [self.foo]
+            def __setstate__(self_, lst):
+                self.assertEqual(len(lst), 1)
+                self_.__foo = self_.foo = lst[0]
+        a = C(42)
+        a.setfoo(24)
+        self.assertEqual(a.foo, 24)
+        self.assertEqual(a.getfoo(), 42)
+        b = copy.copy(a)
+        self.assertEqual(b.foo, 24)
+        self.assertEqual(b.getfoo(), 24)
+        b = copy.deepcopy(a)
+        self.assertEqual(b.foo, 24)
+        self.assertEqual(b.getfoo(), 24)
+
+    def test_slices(self):
+        # Testing cases with slices and overridden __getitem__ ...
+
+        # Strings
+        self.assertEqual("hello"[:4], "hell")
+        self.assertEqual("hello"[slice(4)], "hell")
+        self.assertEqual(str.__getitem__("hello", slice(4)), "hell")
+        class S(str):
+            def __getitem__(self, x):
+                return str.__getitem__(self, x)
+        self.assertEqual(S("hello")[:4], "hell")
+        self.assertEqual(S("hello")[slice(4)], "hell")
+        self.assertEqual(S("hello").__getitem__(slice(4)), "hell")
+        # Tuples
+        self.assertEqual((1,2,3)[:2], (1,2))
+        self.assertEqual((1,2,3)[slice(2)], (1,2))
+        self.assertEqual(tuple.__getitem__((1,2,3), slice(2)), (1,2))
+        class T(tuple):
+            def __getitem__(self, x):
+                return tuple.__getitem__(self, x)
+        self.assertEqual(T((1,2,3))[:2], (1,2))
+        self.assertEqual(T((1,2,3))[slice(2)], (1,2))
+        self.assertEqual(T((1,2,3)).__getitem__(slice(2)), (1,2))
+        # Lists
+        self.assertEqual([1,2,3][:2], [1,2])
+        self.assertEqual([1,2,3][slice(2)], [1,2])
+        self.assertEqual(list.__getitem__([1,2,3], slice(2)), [1,2])
+        class L(list):
+            def __getitem__(self, x):
+                return list.__getitem__(self, x)
+        self.assertEqual(L([1,2,3])[:2], [1,2])
+        self.assertEqual(L([1,2,3])[slice(2)], [1,2])
+        self.assertEqual(L([1,2,3]).__getitem__(slice(2)), [1,2])
+        # Now do lists and __setitem__
+        a = L([1,2,3])
+        a[slice(1, 3)] = [3,2]
+        self.assertEqual(a, [1,3,2])
+        a[slice(0, 2, 1)] = [3,1]
+        self.assertEqual(a, [3,1,2])
+        a.__setitem__(slice(1, 3), [2,1])
+        self.assertEqual(a, [3,2,1])
+        a.__setitem__(slice(0, 2, 1), [2,3])
+        self.assertEqual(a, [2,3,1])
+
+    def test_subtype_resurrection(self):
+        # Testing resurrection of new-style instance...
+
+        class C(object):
+            container = []
+
+            def __del__(self):
+                # resurrect the instance
+                C.container.append(self)
+
+        c = C()
+        c.attr = 42
+
+        # The most interesting thing here is whether this blows up, due to
+        # flawed GC tracking logic in typeobject.c's call_finalizer() (a 2.2.1
+        # bug).
+        del c
+
+        support.gc_collect()
+        self.assertEqual(len(C.container), 1)
+
+        # Make c mortal again, so that the test framework with -l doesn't report
+        # it as a leak.
+        del C.__del__
+
+    def test_slots_trash(self):
+        # Testing slot trash...
+        # Deallocating deeply nested slotted trash caused stack overflows
+        class trash(object):
+            __slots__ = ['x']
+            def __init__(self, x):
+                self.x = x
+        o = None
+        for i in range(50000):
+            o = trash(o)
+        del o
+
+    def test_slots_multiple_inheritance(self):
+        # SF bug 575229, multiple inheritance w/ slots dumps core
+        class A(object):
+            __slots__=()
+        class B(object):
+            pass
+        class C(A,B) :
+            __slots__=()
+        if support.check_impl_detail():
+            self.assertEqual(C.__basicsize__, B.__basicsize__)
+        self.assertHasAttr(C, '__dict__')
+        self.assertHasAttr(C, '__weakref__')
+        C().x = 2
+
+    def test_rmul(self):
+        # Testing correct invocation of __rmul__...
+        # SF patch 592646
+        class C(object):
+            def __mul__(self, other):
+                return "mul"
+            def __rmul__(self, other):
+                return "rmul"
+        a = C()
+        self.assertEqual(a*2, "mul")
+        self.assertEqual(a*2.2, "mul")
+        self.assertEqual(2*a, "rmul")
+        self.assertEqual(2.2*a, "rmul")
+
+    def test_ipow(self):
+        # Testing correct invocation of __ipow__...
+        # [SF bug 620179]
+        class C(object):
+            def __ipow__(self, other):
+                pass
+        a = C()
+        a **= 2
+
+    def test_mutable_bases(self):
+        # Testing mutable bases...
+
+        # stuff that should work:
+        class C(object):
+            pass
+        class C2(object):
+            def __getattribute__(self, attr):
+                if attr == 'a':
+                    return 2
+                else:
+                    return super(C2, self).__getattribute__(attr)
+            def meth(self):
+                return 1
+        class D(C):
+            pass
+        class E(D):
+            pass
+        d = D()
+        e = E()
+        D.__bases__ = (C,)
+        D.__bases__ = (C2,)
+        self.assertEqual(d.meth(), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(e.meth(), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(d.a, 2)
+        self.assertEqual(e.a, 2)
+        self.assertEqual(C2.__subclasses__(), [D])
+
+        try:
+            del D.__bases__
+        except (TypeError, AttributeError):
+            pass
+        else:
+            self.fail("shouldn't be able to delete .__bases__")
+
+        try:
+            D.__bases__ = ()
+        except TypeError as msg:
+            if str(msg) == "a new-style class can't have only classic bases":
+                self.fail("wrong error message for .__bases__ = ()")
+        else:
+            self.fail("shouldn't be able to set .__bases__ to ()")
+
+        try:
+            D.__bases__ = (D,)
+        except TypeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            # actually, we'll have crashed by here...
+            self.fail("shouldn't be able to create inheritance cycles")
+
+        try:
+            D.__bases__ = (C, C)
+        except TypeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            self.fail("didn't detect repeated base classes")
+
+        try:
+            D.__bases__ = (E,)
+        except TypeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            self.fail("shouldn't be able to create inheritance cycles")
+
+    def test_builtin_bases(self):
+        # Make sure all the builtin types can have their base queried without
+        # segfaulting. See issue #5787.
+        builtin_types = [tp for tp in builtins.__dict__.values()
+                         if isinstance(tp, type)]
+        for tp in builtin_types:
+            object.__getattribute__(tp, "__bases__")
+            if tp is not object:
+                self.assertEqual(len(tp.__bases__), 1, tp)
+
+        class L(list):
+            pass
+
+        class C(object):
+            pass
+
+        class D(C):
+            pass
+
+        try:
+            L.__bases__ = (dict,)
+        except TypeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            self.fail("shouldn't turn list subclass into dict subclass")
+
+        try:
+            list.__bases__ = (dict,)
+        except TypeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            self.fail("shouldn't be able to assign to list.__bases__")
+
+        try:
+            D.__bases__ = (C, list)
+        except TypeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            assert 0, "best_base calculation found wanting"
+
+
+    def test_mutable_bases_with_failing_mro(self):
+        # Testing mutable bases with failing mro...
+        class WorkOnce(type):
+            def __new__(self, name, bases, ns):
+                self.flag = 0
+                return super(WorkOnce, self).__new__(WorkOnce, name, bases, ns)
+            def mro(self):
+                if self.flag > 0:
+                    raise RuntimeError("bozo")
+                else:
+                    self.flag += 1
+                    return type.mro(self)
+
+        class WorkAlways(type):
+            def mro(self):
+                # this is here to make sure that .mro()s aren't called
+                # with an exception set (which was possible at one point).
+                # An error message will be printed in a debug build.
+                # What's a good way to test for this?
+                return type.mro(self)
+
+        class C(object):
+            pass
+
+        class C2(object):
+            pass
+
+        class D(C):
+            pass
+
+        class E(D):
+            pass
+
+        class F(D, metaclass=WorkOnce):
+            pass
+
+        class G(D, metaclass=WorkAlways):
+            pass
+
+        # Immediate subclasses have their mro's adjusted in alphabetical
+        # order, so E's will get adjusted before adjusting F's fails.  We
+        # check here that E's gets restored.
+
+        E_mro_before = E.__mro__
+        D_mro_before = D.__mro__
+
+        try:
+            D.__bases__ = (C2,)
+        except RuntimeError:
+            self.assertEqual(E.__mro__, E_mro_before)
+            self.assertEqual(D.__mro__, D_mro_before)
+        else:
+            self.fail("exception not propagated")
+
+    def test_mutable_bases_catch_mro_conflict(self):
+        # Testing mutable bases catch mro conflict...
+        class A(object):
+            pass
+
+        class B(object):
+            pass
+
+        class C(A, B):
+            pass
+
+        class D(A, B):
+            pass
+
+        class E(C, D):
+            pass
+
+        try:
+            C.__bases__ = (B, A)
+        except TypeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            self.fail("didn't catch MRO conflict")
+
+    def test_mutable_names(self):
+        # Testing mutable names...
+        class C(object):
+            pass
+
+        # C.__module__ could be 'test_descr' or '__main__'
+        mod = C.__module__
+
+        C.__name__ = 'D'
+        self.assertEqual((C.__module__, C.__name__), (mod, 'D'))
+
+        C.__name__ = 'D.E'
+        self.assertEqual((C.__module__, C.__name__), (mod, 'D.E'))
+
+    def test_evil_type_name(self):
+        # A badly placed Py_DECREF in type_set_name led to arbitrary code
+        # execution while the type structure was not in a sane state, and a
+        # possible segmentation fault as a result.  See bug #16447.
+        class Nasty(str):
+            def __del__(self):
+                C.__name__ = "other"
+
+        class C:
+            pass
+
+        C.__name__ = Nasty("abc")
+        C.__name__ = "normal"
+
+    def test_subclass_right_op(self):
+        # Testing correct dispatch of subclass overloading __r<op>__...
+
+        # This code tests various cases where right-dispatch of a subclass
+        # should be preferred over left-dispatch of a base class.
+
+        # Case 1: subclass of int; this tests code in abstract.c::binary_op1()
+
+        class B(int):
+            def __floordiv__(self, other):
+                return "B.__floordiv__"
+            def __rfloordiv__(self, other):
+                return "B.__rfloordiv__"
+
+        self.assertEqual(B(1) // 1, "B.__floordiv__")
+        self.assertEqual(1 // B(1), "B.__rfloordiv__")
+
+        # Case 2: subclass of object; this is just the baseline for case 3
+
+        class C(object):
+            def __floordiv__(self, other):
+                return "C.__floordiv__"
+            def __rfloordiv__(self, other):
+                return "C.__rfloordiv__"
+
+        self.assertEqual(C() // 1, "C.__floordiv__")
+        self.assertEqual(1 // C(), "C.__rfloordiv__")
+
+        # Case 3: subclass of new-style class; here it gets interesting
+
+        class D(C):
+            def __floordiv__(self, other):
+                return "D.__floordiv__"
+            def __rfloordiv__(self, other):
+                return "D.__rfloordiv__"
+
+        self.assertEqual(D() // C(), "D.__floordiv__")
+        self.assertEqual(C() // D(), "D.__rfloordiv__")
+
+        # Case 4: this didn't work right in 2.2.2 and 2.3a1
+
+        class E(C):
+            pass
+
+        self.assertEqual(E.__rfloordiv__, C.__rfloordiv__)
+
+        self.assertEqual(E() // 1, "C.__floordiv__")
+        self.assertEqual(1 // E(), "C.__rfloordiv__")
+        self.assertEqual(E() // C(), "C.__floordiv__")
+        self.assertEqual(C() // E(), "C.__floordiv__") # This one would fail
+
+    @support.impl_detail("testing an internal kind of method object")
+    def test_meth_class_get(self):
+        # Testing __get__ method of METH_CLASS C methods...
+        # Full coverage of descrobject.c::classmethod_get()
+
+        # Baseline
+        arg = [1, 2, 3]
+        res = {1: None, 2: None, 3: None}
+        self.assertEqual(dict.fromkeys(arg), res)
+        self.assertEqual({}.fromkeys(arg), res)
+
+        # Now get the descriptor
+        descr = dict.__dict__["fromkeys"]
+
+        # More baseline using the descriptor directly
+        self.assertEqual(descr.__get__(None, dict)(arg), res)
+        self.assertEqual(descr.__get__({})(arg), res)
+
+        # Now check various error cases
+        try:
+            descr.__get__(None, None)
+        except TypeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            self.fail("shouldn't have allowed descr.__get__(None, None)")
+        try:
+            descr.__get__(42)
+        except TypeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            self.fail("shouldn't have allowed descr.__get__(42)")
+        try:
+            descr.__get__(None, 42)
+        except TypeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            self.fail("shouldn't have allowed descr.__get__(None, 42)")
+        try:
+            descr.__get__(None, int)
+        except TypeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            self.fail("shouldn't have allowed descr.__get__(None, int)")
+
+    def test_isinst_isclass(self):
+        # Testing proxy isinstance() and isclass()...
+        class Proxy(object):
+            def __init__(self, obj):
+                self.__obj = obj
+            def __getattribute__(self, name):
+                if name.startswith("_Proxy__"):
+                    return object.__getattribute__(self, name)
+                else:
+                    return getattr(self.__obj, name)
+        # Test with a classic class
+        class C:
+            pass
+        a = C()
+        pa = Proxy(a)
+        self.assertIsInstance(a, C)  # Baseline
+        self.assertIsInstance(pa, C) # Test
+        # Test with a classic subclass
+        class D(C):
+            pass
+        a = D()
+        pa = Proxy(a)
+        self.assertIsInstance(a, C)  # Baseline
+        self.assertIsInstance(pa, C) # Test
+        # Test with a new-style class
+        class C(object):
+            pass
+        a = C()
+        pa = Proxy(a)
+        self.assertIsInstance(a, C)  # Baseline
+        self.assertIsInstance(pa, C) # Test
+        # Test with a new-style subclass
+        class D(C):
+            pass
+        a = D()
+        pa = Proxy(a)
+        self.assertIsInstance(a, C)  # Baseline
+        self.assertIsInstance(pa, C) # Test
+
+    def test_proxy_super(self):
+        # Testing super() for a proxy object...
+        class Proxy(object):
+            def __init__(self, obj):
+                self.__obj = obj
+            def __getattribute__(self, name):
+                if name.startswith("_Proxy__"):
+                    return object.__getattribute__(self, name)
+                else:
+                    return getattr(self.__obj, name)
+
+        class B(object):
+            def f(self):
+                return "B.f"
+
+        class C(B):
+            def f(self):
+                return super(C, self).f() + "->C.f"
+
+        obj = C()
+        p = Proxy(obj)
+        self.assertEqual(C.__dict__["f"](p), "B.f->C.f")
+
+    def test_carloverre(self):
+        # Testing prohibition of Carlo Verre's hack...
+        try:
+            object.__setattr__(str, "foo", 42)
+        except TypeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            self.fail("Carlo Verre __setattr__ succeeded!")
+        try:
+            object.__delattr__(str, "lower")
+        except TypeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            self.fail("Carlo Verre __delattr__ succeeded!")
+
+    def test_weakref_segfault(self):
+        # Testing weakref segfault...
+        # SF 742911
+        import weakref
+
+        class Provoker:
+            def __init__(self, referrent):
+                self.ref = weakref.ref(referrent)
+
+            def __del__(self):
+                x = self.ref()
+
+        class Oops(object):
+            pass
+
+        o = Oops()
+        o.whatever = Provoker(o)
+        del o
+
+    def test_wrapper_segfault(self):
+        # SF 927248: deeply nested wrappers could cause stack overflow
+        f = lambda:None
+        for i in range(1000000):
+            f = f.__call__
+        f = None
+
+    def test_file_fault(self):
+        # Testing sys.stdout is changed in getattr...
+        test_stdout = sys.stdout
+        class StdoutGuard:
+            def __getattr__(self, attr):
+                sys.stdout = sys.__stdout__
+                raise RuntimeError("Premature access to sys.stdout.%s" % attr)
+        sys.stdout = StdoutGuard()
+        try:
+            print("Oops!")
+        except RuntimeError:
+            pass
+        finally:
+            sys.stdout = test_stdout
+
+    def test_vicious_descriptor_nonsense(self):
+        # Testing vicious_descriptor_nonsense...
+
+        # A potential segfault spotted by Thomas Wouters in mail to
+        # python-dev 2003-04-17, turned into an example & fixed by Michael
+        # Hudson just less than four months later...
+
+        class Evil(object):
+            def __hash__(self):
+                return hash('attr')
+            def __eq__(self, other):
+                del C.attr
+                return 0
+
+        class Descr(object):
+            def __get__(self, ob, type=None):
+                return 1
+
+        class C(object):
+            attr = Descr()
+
+        c = C()
+        c.__dict__[Evil()] = 0
+
+        self.assertEqual(c.attr, 1)
+        # this makes a crash more likely:
+        support.gc_collect()
+        self.assertNotHasAttr(c, 'attr')
+
+    def test_init(self):
+        # SF 1155938
+        class Foo(object):
+            def __init__(self):
+                return 10
+        try:
+            Foo()
+        except TypeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            self.fail("did not test __init__() for None return")
+
+    def test_method_wrapper(self):
+        # Testing method-wrapper objects...
+        # <type 'method-wrapper'> did not support any reflection before 2.5
+
+        # XXX should methods really support __eq__?
+
+        l = []
+        self.assertEqual(l.__add__, l.__add__)
+        self.assertEqual(l.__add__, [].__add__)
+        self.assertNotEqual(l.__add__, [5].__add__)
+        self.assertNotEqual(l.__add__, l.__mul__)
+        self.assertEqual(l.__add__.__name__, '__add__')
+        if hasattr(l.__add__, '__self__'):
+            # CPython
+            self.assertIs(l.__add__.__self__, l)
+            self.assertIs(l.__add__.__objclass__, list)
+        else:
+            # Python implementations where [].__add__ is a normal bound method
+            self.assertIs(l.__add__.im_self, l)
+            self.assertIs(l.__add__.im_class, list)
+        self.assertEqual(l.__add__.__doc__, list.__add__.__doc__)
+        try:
+            hash(l.__add__)
+        except TypeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            self.fail("no TypeError from hash([].__add__)")
+
+        t = ()
+        t += (7,)
+        self.assertEqual(t.__add__, (7,).__add__)
+        self.assertEqual(hash(t.__add__), hash((7,).__add__))
+
+    def test_not_implemented(self):
+        # Testing NotImplemented...
+        # all binary methods should be able to return a NotImplemented
+        import operator
+
+        def specialmethod(self, other):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        def check(expr, x, y):
+            try:
+                exec(expr, {'x': x, 'y': y, 'operator': operator})
+            except TypeError:
+                pass
+            else:
+                self.fail("no TypeError from %r" % (expr,))
+
+        N1 = sys.maxsize + 1    # might trigger OverflowErrors instead of
+                                # TypeErrors
+        N2 = sys.maxsize         # if sizeof(int) < sizeof(long), might trigger
+                                #   ValueErrors instead of TypeErrors
+        for name, expr, iexpr in [
+                ('__add__',      'x + y',                   'x += y'),
+                ('__sub__',      'x - y',                   'x -= y'),
+                ('__mul__',      'x * y',                   'x *= y'),
+                ('__truediv__',  'operator.truediv(x, y)',  None),
+                ('__floordiv__', 'operator.floordiv(x, y)', None),
+                ('__div__',      'x / y',                   'x /= y'),
+                ('__mod__',      'x % y',                   'x %= y'),
+                ('__divmod__',   'divmod(x, y)',            None),
+                ('__pow__',      'x ** y',                  'x **= y'),
+                ('__lshift__',   'x << y',                  'x <<= y'),
+                ('__rshift__',   'x >> y',                  'x >>= y'),
+                ('__and__',      'x & y',                   'x &= y'),
+                ('__or__',       'x | y',                   'x |= y'),
+                ('__xor__',      'x ^ y',                   'x ^= y')]:
+            rname = '__r' + name[2:]
+            A = type('A', (), {name: specialmethod})
+            a = A()
+            check(expr, a, a)
+            check(expr, a, N1)
+            check(expr, a, N2)
+            if iexpr:
+                check(iexpr, a, a)
+                check(iexpr, a, N1)
+                check(iexpr, a, N2)
+                iname = '__i' + name[2:]
+                C = type('C', (), {iname: specialmethod})
+                c = C()
+                check(iexpr, c, a)
+                check(iexpr, c, N1)
+                check(iexpr, c, N2)
+
+    def test_assign_slice(self):
+        # ceval.c's assign_slice used to check for
+        # tp->tp_as_sequence->sq_slice instead of
+        # tp->tp_as_sequence->sq_ass_slice
+
+        class C(object):
+            def __setitem__(self, idx, value):
+                self.value = value
+
+        c = C()
+        c[1:2] = 3
+        self.assertEqual(c.value, 3)
+
+    def test_set_and_no_get(self):
+        # See
+        # http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2010-January/095637.html
+        class Descr(object):
+
+            def __init__(self, name):
+                self.name = name
+
+            def __set__(self, obj, value):
+                obj.__dict__[self.name] = value
+        descr = Descr("a")
+
+        class X(object):
+            a = descr
+
+        x = X()
+        self.assertIs(x.a, descr)
+        x.a = 42
+        self.assertEqual(x.a, 42)
+
+        # Also check type_getattro for correctness.
+        class Meta(type):
+            pass
+        class X(object):
+            __metaclass__ = Meta
+        X.a = 42
+        Meta.a = Descr("a")
+        self.assertEqual(X.a, 42)
+
+    def test_getattr_hooks(self):
+        # issue 4230
+
+        class Descriptor(object):
+            counter = 0
+            def __get__(self, obj, objtype=None):
+                def getter(name):
+                    self.counter += 1
+                    raise AttributeError(name)
+                return getter
+
+        descr = Descriptor()
+        class A(object):
+            __getattribute__ = descr
+        class B(object):
+            __getattr__ = descr
+        class C(object):
+            __getattribute__ = descr
+            __getattr__ = descr
+
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, getattr, A(), "attr")
+        self.assertEqual(descr.counter, 1)
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, getattr, B(), "attr")
+        self.assertEqual(descr.counter, 2)
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, getattr, C(), "attr")
+        self.assertEqual(descr.counter, 4)
+
+        class EvilGetattribute(object):
+            # This used to segfault
+            def __getattr__(self, name):
+                raise AttributeError(name)
+            def __getattribute__(self, name):
+                del EvilGetattribute.__getattr__
+                for i in range(5):
+                    gc.collect()
+                raise AttributeError(name)
+
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, getattr, EvilGetattribute(), "attr")
+
+    def test_type___getattribute__(self):
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, type.__getattribute__, list, type)
+
+    def test_abstractmethods(self):
+        # type pretends not to have __abstractmethods__.
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, getattr, type, "__abstractmethods__")
+        class meta(type):
+            pass
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, getattr, meta, "__abstractmethods__")
+        class X(object):
+            pass
+        with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
+            del X.__abstractmethods__
+
+    def test_proxy_call(self):
+        class FakeStr:
+            __class__ = str
+
+        fake_str = FakeStr()
+        # isinstance() reads __class__
+        self.assertIsInstance(fake_str, str)
+
+        # call a method descriptor
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            str.split(fake_str)
+
+        # call a slot wrapper descriptor
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            str.__add__(fake_str, "abc")
+
+    def test_repr_as_str(self):
+        # Issue #11603: crash or infinite loop when rebinding __str__ as
+        # __repr__.
+        class Foo:
+            pass
+        Foo.__repr__ = Foo.__str__
+        foo = Foo()
+        self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, str, foo)
+        self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, repr, foo)
+
+    def test_mixing_slot_wrappers(self):
+        class X(dict):
+            __setattr__ = dict.__setitem__
+        x = X()
+        x.y = 42
+        self.assertEqual(x["y"], 42)
+
+    def test_slot_shadows_class_variable(self):
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as cm:
+            class X:
+                __slots__ = ["foo"]
+                foo = None
+        m = str(cm.exception)
+        self.assertEqual("'foo' in __slots__ conflicts with class variable", m)
+
+    def test_set_doc(self):
+        class X:
+            "elephant"
+        X.__doc__ = "banana"
+        self.assertEqual(X.__doc__, "banana")
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as cm:
+            type(list).__dict__["__doc__"].__set__(list, "blah")
+        self.assertIn("can't set list.__doc__", str(cm.exception))
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as cm:
+            type(X).__dict__["__doc__"].__delete__(X)
+        self.assertIn("can't delete X.__doc__", str(cm.exception))
+        self.assertEqual(X.__doc__, "banana")
+
+    def test_qualname(self):
+        descriptors = [str.lower, complex.real, float.real, int.__add__]
+        types = ['method', 'member', 'getset', 'wrapper']
+
+        # make sure we have an example of each type of descriptor
+        for d, n in zip(descriptors, types):
+            self.assertEqual(type(d).__name__, n + '_descriptor')
+
+        for d in descriptors:
+            qualname = d.__objclass__.__qualname__ + '.' + d.__name__
+            self.assertEqual(d.__qualname__, qualname)
+
+        self.assertEqual(str.lower.__qualname__, 'str.lower')
+        self.assertEqual(complex.real.__qualname__, 'complex.real')
+        self.assertEqual(float.real.__qualname__, 'float.real')
+        self.assertEqual(int.__add__.__qualname__, 'int.__add__')
+
+        class X:
+            pass
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            del X.__qualname__
+
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, type.__dict__['__qualname__'].__set__,
+                          str, 'Oink')
+
+        global Y
+        class Y:
+            class Inside:
+                pass
+        self.assertEqual(Y.__qualname__, 'Y')
+        self.assertEqual(Y.Inside.__qualname__, 'Y.Inside')
+
+    def test_qualname_dict(self):
+        ns = {'__qualname__': 'some.name'}
+        tp = type('Foo', (), ns)
+        self.assertEqual(tp.__qualname__, 'some.name')
+        self.assertNotIn('__qualname__', tp.__dict__)
+        self.assertEqual(ns, {'__qualname__': 'some.name'})
+
+        ns = {'__qualname__': 1}
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, type, 'Foo', (), ns)
+
+    def test_cycle_through_dict(self):
+        # See bug #1469629
+        class X(dict):
+            def __init__(self):
+                dict.__init__(self)
+                self.__dict__ = self
+        x = X()
+        x.attr = 42
+        wr = weakref.ref(x)
+        del x
+        support.gc_collect()
+        self.assertIsNone(wr())
+        for o in gc.get_objects():
+            self.assertIsNot(type(o), X)
+
+    def test_object_new_and_init_with_parameters(self):
+        # See issue #1683368
+        class OverrideNeither:
+            pass
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, OverrideNeither, 1)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, OverrideNeither, kw=1)
+        class OverrideNew:
+            def __new__(cls, foo, kw=0, *args, **kwds):
+                return object.__new__(cls, *args, **kwds)
+        class OverrideInit:
+            def __init__(self, foo, kw=0, *args, **kwargs):
+                return object.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
+        class OverrideBoth(OverrideNew, OverrideInit):
+            pass
+        for case in OverrideNew, OverrideInit, OverrideBoth:
+            case(1)
+            case(1, kw=2)
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, case, 1, 2, 3)
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, case, 1, 2, foo=3)
+
+    def test_subclassing_does_not_duplicate_dict_descriptors(self):
+        class Base:
+            pass
+        class Sub(Base):
+            pass
+        self.assertIn("__dict__", Base.__dict__)
+        self.assertNotIn("__dict__", Sub.__dict__)
+
+
+class DictProxyTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        class C(object):
+            def meth(self):
+                pass
+        self.C = C
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(hasattr(sys, 'gettrace') and sys.gettrace(),
+                        'trace function introduces __local__')
+    def test_iter_keys(self):
+        # Testing dict-proxy keys...
+        it = self.C.__dict__.keys()
+        self.assertNotIsInstance(it, list)
+        keys = list(it)
+        keys.sort()
+        self.assertEqual(keys, ['__dict__', '__doc__', '__module__',
+                                '__weakref__', 'meth'])
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(hasattr(sys, 'gettrace') and sys.gettrace(),
+                        'trace function introduces __local__')
+    def test_iter_values(self):
+        # Testing dict-proxy values...
+        it = self.C.__dict__.values()
+        self.assertNotIsInstance(it, list)
+        values = list(it)
+        self.assertEqual(len(values), 5)
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(hasattr(sys, 'gettrace') and sys.gettrace(),
+                        'trace function introduces __local__')
+    def test_iter_items(self):
+        # Testing dict-proxy iteritems...
+        it = self.C.__dict__.items()
+        self.assertNotIsInstance(it, list)
+        keys = [item[0] for item in it]
+        keys.sort()
+        self.assertEqual(keys, ['__dict__', '__doc__', '__module__',
+                                '__weakref__', 'meth'])
+
+    def test_dict_type_with_metaclass(self):
+        # Testing type of __dict__ when metaclass set...
+        class B(object):
+            pass
+        class M(type):
+            pass
+        class C(metaclass=M):
+            # In 2.3a1, C.__dict__ was a real dict rather than a dict proxy
+            pass
+        self.assertEqual(type(C.__dict__), type(B.__dict__))
+
+    def test_repr(self):
+        # Testing mappingproxy.__repr__.
+        # We can't blindly compare with the repr of another dict as ordering
+        # of keys and values is arbitrary and may differ.
+        r = repr(self.C.__dict__)
+        self.assertTrue(r.startswith('mappingproxy('), r)
+        self.assertTrue(r.endswith(')'), r)
+        for k, v in self.C.__dict__.items():
+            self.assertIn('{!r}: {!r}'.format(k, v), r)
+
+
+class PTypesLongInitTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    # This is in its own TestCase so that it can be run before any other tests.
+    def test_pytype_long_ready(self):
+        # Testing SF bug 551412 ...
+
+        # This dumps core when SF bug 551412 isn't fixed --
+        # but only when test_descr.py is run separately.
+        # (That can't be helped -- as soon as PyType_Ready()
+        # is called for PyLong_Type, the bug is gone.)
+        class UserLong(object):
+            def __pow__(self, *args):
+                pass
+        try:
+            pow(0, UserLong(), 0)
+        except:
+            pass
+
+        # Another segfault only when run early
+        # (before PyType_Ready(tuple) is called)
+        type.mro(tuple)
+
+
+class MiscTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_type_lookup_mro_reference(self):
+        # Issue #14199: _PyType_Lookup() has to keep a strong reference to
+        # the type MRO because it may be modified during the lookup, if
+        # __bases__ is set during the lookup for example.
+        class MyKey(object):
+            def __hash__(self):
+                return hash('mykey')
+
+            def __eq__(self, other):
+                X.__bases__ = (Base2,)
+
+        class Base(object):
+            mykey = 'from Base'
+            mykey2 = 'from Base'
+
+        class Base2(object):
+            mykey = 'from Base2'
+            mykey2 = 'from Base2'
+
+        X = type('X', (Base,), {MyKey(): 5})
+        # mykey is read from Base
+        self.assertEqual(X.mykey, 'from Base')
+        # mykey2 is read from Base2 because MyKey.__eq__ has set __bases__
+        self.assertEqual(X.mykey2, 'from Base2')
+
+
+class PicklingTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def _check_reduce(self, proto, obj, args=(), kwargs={}, state=None,
+                      listitems=None, dictitems=None):
+        if proto >= 4:
+            reduce_value = obj.__reduce_ex__(proto)
+            self.assertEqual(reduce_value[:3],
+                             (copyreg.__newobj_ex__,
+                              (type(obj), args, kwargs),
+                              state))
+            if listitems is not None:
+                self.assertListEqual(list(reduce_value[3]), listitems)
+            else:
+                self.assertIsNone(reduce_value[3])
+            if dictitems is not None:
+                self.assertDictEqual(dict(reduce_value[4]), dictitems)
+            else:
+                self.assertIsNone(reduce_value[4])
+        elif proto >= 2:
+            reduce_value = obj.__reduce_ex__(proto)
+            self.assertEqual(reduce_value[:3],
+                             (copyreg.__newobj__,
+                              (type(obj),) + args,
+                              state))
+            if listitems is not None:
+                self.assertListEqual(list(reduce_value[3]), listitems)
+            else:
+                self.assertIsNone(reduce_value[3])
+            if dictitems is not None:
+                self.assertDictEqual(dict(reduce_value[4]), dictitems)
+            else:
+                self.assertIsNone(reduce_value[4])
+        else:
+            base_type = type(obj).__base__
+            reduce_value = (copyreg._reconstructor,
+                            (type(obj),
+                             base_type,
+                             None if base_type is object else base_type(obj)))
+            if state is not None:
+                reduce_value += (state,)
+            self.assertEqual(obj.__reduce_ex__(proto), reduce_value)
+            self.assertEqual(obj.__reduce__(), reduce_value)
+
+    def test_reduce(self):
+        protocols = range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1)
+        args = (-101, "spam")
+        kwargs = {'bacon': -201, 'fish': -301}
+        state = {'cheese': -401}
+
+        class C1:
+            def __getnewargs__(self):
+                return args
+        obj = C1()
+        for proto in protocols:
+            self._check_reduce(proto, obj, args)
+
+        for name, value in state.items():
+            setattr(obj, name, value)
+        for proto in protocols:
+            self._check_reduce(proto, obj, args, state=state)
+
+        class C2:
+            def __getnewargs__(self):
+                return "bad args"
+        obj = C2()
+        for proto in protocols:
+            if proto >= 2:
+                with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+                    obj.__reduce_ex__(proto)
+
+        class C3:
+            def __getnewargs_ex__(self):
+                return (args, kwargs)
+        obj = C3()
+        for proto in protocols:
+            if proto >= 4:
+                self._check_reduce(proto, obj, args, kwargs)
+            elif proto >= 2:
+                with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+                    obj.__reduce_ex__(proto)
+
+        class C4:
+            def __getnewargs_ex__(self):
+                return (args, "bad dict")
+        class C5:
+            def __getnewargs_ex__(self):
+                return ("bad tuple", kwargs)
+        class C6:
+            def __getnewargs_ex__(self):
+                return ()
+        class C7:
+            def __getnewargs_ex__(self):
+                return "bad args"
+        for proto in protocols:
+            for cls in C4, C5, C6, C7:
+                obj = cls()
+                if proto >= 2:
+                    with self.assertRaises((TypeError, ValueError)):
+                        obj.__reduce_ex__(proto)
+
+        class C8:
+            def __getnewargs_ex__(self):
+                return (args, kwargs)
+        obj = C8()
+        for proto in protocols:
+            if 2 <= proto < 4:
+                with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+                    obj.__reduce_ex__(proto)
+        class C9:
+            def __getnewargs_ex__(self):
+                return (args, {})
+        obj = C9()
+        for proto in protocols:
+            self._check_reduce(proto, obj, args)
+
+        class C10:
+            def __getnewargs_ex__(self):
+                raise IndexError
+        obj = C10()
+        for proto in protocols:
+            if proto >= 2:
+                with self.assertRaises(IndexError):
+                    obj.__reduce_ex__(proto)
+
+        class C11:
+            def __getstate__(self):
+                return state
+        obj = C11()
+        for proto in protocols:
+            self._check_reduce(proto, obj, state=state)
+
+        class C12:
+            def __getstate__(self):
+                return "not dict"
+        obj = C12()
+        for proto in protocols:
+            self._check_reduce(proto, obj, state="not dict")
+
+        class C13:
+            def __getstate__(self):
+                raise IndexError
+        obj = C13()
+        for proto in protocols:
+            with self.assertRaises(IndexError):
+                obj.__reduce_ex__(proto)
+            if proto < 2:
+                with self.assertRaises(IndexError):
+                    obj.__reduce__()
+
+        class C14:
+            __slots__ = tuple(state)
+            def __init__(self):
+                for name, value in state.items():
+                    setattr(self, name, value)
+
+        obj = C14()
+        for proto in protocols:
+            if proto >= 2:
+                self._check_reduce(proto, obj, state=(None, state))
+            else:
+                with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+                    obj.__reduce_ex__(proto)
+                with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+                    obj.__reduce__()
+
+        class C15(dict):
+            pass
+        obj = C15({"quebec": -601})
+        for proto in protocols:
+            self._check_reduce(proto, obj, dictitems=dict(obj))
+
+        class C16(list):
+            pass
+        obj = C16(["yukon"])
+        for proto in protocols:
+            self._check_reduce(proto, obj, listitems=list(obj))
+
+    def test_special_method_lookup(self):
+        protocols = range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1)
+        class Picky:
+            def __getstate__(self):
+                return {}
+
+            def __getattr__(self, attr):
+                if attr in ("__getnewargs__", "__getnewargs_ex__"):
+                    raise AssertionError(attr)
+                return None
+        for protocol in protocols:
+            state = {} if protocol >= 2 else None
+            self._check_reduce(protocol, Picky(), state=state)
+
+    def _assert_is_copy(self, obj, objcopy, msg=None):
+        """Utility method to verify if two objects are copies of each others.
+        """
+        if msg is None:
+            msg = "{!r} is not a copy of {!r}".format(obj, objcopy)
+        if type(obj).__repr__ is object.__repr__:
+            # We have this limitation for now because we use the object's repr
+            # to help us verify that the two objects are copies. This allows
+            # us to delegate the non-generic verification logic to the objects
+            # themselves.
+            raise ValueError("object passed to _assert_is_copy must " +
+                             "override the __repr__ method.")
+        self.assertIsNot(obj, objcopy, msg=msg)
+        self.assertIs(type(obj), type(objcopy), msg=msg)
+        if hasattr(obj, '__dict__'):
+            self.assertDictEqual(obj.__dict__, objcopy.__dict__, msg=msg)
+            self.assertIsNot(obj.__dict__, objcopy.__dict__, msg=msg)
+        if hasattr(obj, '__slots__'):
+            self.assertListEqual(obj.__slots__, objcopy.__slots__, msg=msg)
+            for slot in obj.__slots__:
+                self.assertEqual(
+                    hasattr(obj, slot), hasattr(objcopy, slot), msg=msg)
+                self.assertEqual(getattr(obj, slot, None),
+                                 getattr(objcopy, slot, None), msg=msg)
+        self.assertEqual(repr(obj), repr(objcopy), msg=msg)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _generate_pickle_copiers():
+        """Utility method to generate the many possible pickle configurations.
+        """
+        class PickleCopier:
+            "This class copies object using pickle."
+            def __init__(self, proto, dumps, loads):
+                self.proto = proto
+                self.dumps = dumps
+                self.loads = loads
+            def copy(self, obj):
+                return self.loads(self.dumps(obj, self.proto))
+            def __repr__(self):
+                # We try to be as descriptive as possible here since this is
+                # the string which we will allow us to tell the pickle
+                # configuration we are using during debugging.
+                return ("PickleCopier(proto={}, dumps={}.{}, loads={}.{})"
+                        .format(self.proto,
+                                self.dumps.__module__, self.dumps.__qualname__,
+                                self.loads.__module__, self.loads.__qualname__))
+        return (PickleCopier(*args) for args in
+                   itertools.product(range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1),
+                                     {pickle.dumps, pickle._dumps},
+                                     {pickle.loads, pickle._loads}))
+
+    def test_pickle_slots(self):
+        # Tests pickling of classes with __slots__.
+
+        # Pickling of classes with __slots__ but without __getstate__ should
+        # fail (if using protocol 0 or 1)
+        global C
+        class C:
+            __slots__ = ['a']
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            pickle.dumps(C(), 0)
+
+        global D
+        class D(C):
+            pass
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            pickle.dumps(D(), 0)
+
+        class C:
+            "A class with __getstate__ and __setstate__ implemented."
+            __slots__ = ['a']
+            def __getstate__(self):
+                state = getattr(self, '__dict__', {}).copy()
+                for cls in type(self).__mro__:
+                    for slot in cls.__dict__.get('__slots__', ()):
+                        try:
+                            state[slot] = getattr(self, slot)
+                        except AttributeError:
+                            pass
+                return state
+            def __setstate__(self, state):
+                for k, v in state.items():
+                    setattr(self, k, v)
+            def __repr__(self):
+                return "%s()<%r>" % (type(self).__name__, self.__getstate__())
+
+        class D(C):
+            "A subclass of a class with slots."
+            pass
+
+        global E
+        class E(C):
+            "A subclass with an extra slot."
+            __slots__ = ['b']
+
+        # Now it should work
+        for pickle_copier in self._generate_pickle_copiers():
+            with self.subTest(pickle_copier=pickle_copier):
+                x = C()
+                y = pickle_copier.copy(x)
+                self._assert_is_copy(x, y)
+
+                x.a = 42
+                y = pickle_copier.copy(x)
+                self._assert_is_copy(x, y)
+
+                x = D()
+                x.a = 42
+                x.b = 100
+                y = pickle_copier.copy(x)
+                self._assert_is_copy(x, y)
+
+                x = E()
+                x.a = 42
+                x.b = "foo"
+                y = pickle_copier.copy(x)
+                self._assert_is_copy(x, y)
+
+    def test_reduce_copying(self):
+        # Tests pickling and copying new-style classes and objects.
+        global C1
+        class C1:
+            "The state of this class is copyable via its instance dict."
+            ARGS = (1, 2)
+            NEED_DICT_COPYING = True
+            def __init__(self, a, b):
+                super().__init__()
+                self.a = a
+                self.b = b
+            def __repr__(self):
+                return "C1(%r, %r)" % (self.a, self.b)
+
+        global C2
+        class C2(list):
+            "A list subclass copyable via __getnewargs__."
+            ARGS = (1, 2)
+            NEED_DICT_COPYING = False
+            def __new__(cls, a, b):
+                self = super().__new__(cls)
+                self.a = a
+                self.b = b
+                return self
+            def __init__(self, *args):
+                super().__init__()
+                # This helps testing that __init__ is not called during the
+                # unpickling process, which would cause extra appends.
+                self.append("cheese")
+            @classmethod
+            def __getnewargs__(cls):
+                return cls.ARGS
+            def __repr__(self):
+                return "C2(%r, %r)<%r>" % (self.a, self.b, list(self))
+
+        global C3
+        class C3(list):
+            "A list subclass copyable via __getstate__."
+            ARGS = (1, 2)
+            NEED_DICT_COPYING = False
+            def __init__(self, a, b):
+                self.a = a
+                self.b = b
+                # This helps testing that __init__ is not called during the
+                # unpickling process, which would cause extra appends.
+                self.append("cheese")
+            @classmethod
+            def __getstate__(cls):
+                return cls.ARGS
+            def __setstate__(self, state):
+                a, b = state
+                self.a = a
+                self.b = b
+            def __repr__(self):
+                return "C3(%r, %r)<%r>" % (self.a, self.b, list(self))
+
+        global C4
+        class C4(int):
+            "An int subclass copyable via __getnewargs__."
+            ARGS = ("hello", "world", 1)
+            NEED_DICT_COPYING = False
+            def __new__(cls, a, b, value):
+                self = super().__new__(cls, value)
+                self.a = a
+                self.b = b
+                return self
+            @classmethod
+            def __getnewargs__(cls):
+                return cls.ARGS
+            def __repr__(self):
+                return "C4(%r, %r)<%r>" % (self.a, self.b, int(self))
+
+        global C5
+        class C5(int):
+            "An int subclass copyable via __getnewargs_ex__."
+            ARGS = (1, 2)
+            KWARGS = {'value': 3}
+            NEED_DICT_COPYING = False
+            def __new__(cls, a, b, *, value=0):
+                self = super().__new__(cls, value)
+                self.a = a
+                self.b = b
+                return self
+            @classmethod
+            def __getnewargs_ex__(cls):
+                return (cls.ARGS, cls.KWARGS)
+            def __repr__(self):
+                return "C5(%r, %r)<%r>" % (self.a, self.b, int(self))
+
+        test_classes = (C1, C2, C3, C4, C5)
+        # Testing copying through pickle
+        pickle_copiers = self._generate_pickle_copiers()
+        for cls, pickle_copier in itertools.product(test_classes, pickle_copiers):
+            with self.subTest(cls=cls, pickle_copier=pickle_copier):
+                kwargs = getattr(cls, 'KWARGS', {})
+                obj = cls(*cls.ARGS, **kwargs)
+                proto = pickle_copier.proto
+                if 2 <= proto < 4 and hasattr(cls, '__getnewargs_ex__'):
+                    with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+                        pickle_copier.dumps(obj, proto)
+                    continue
+                objcopy = pickle_copier.copy(obj)
+                self._assert_is_copy(obj, objcopy)
+                # For test classes that supports this, make sure we didn't go
+                # around the reduce protocol by simply copying the attribute
+                # dictionary. We clear attributes using the previous copy to
+                # not mutate the original argument.
+                if proto >= 2 and not cls.NEED_DICT_COPYING:
+                    objcopy.__dict__.clear()
+                    objcopy2 = pickle_copier.copy(objcopy)
+                    self._assert_is_copy(obj, objcopy2)
+
+        # Testing copying through copy.deepcopy()
+        for cls in test_classes:
+            with self.subTest(cls=cls):
+                kwargs = getattr(cls, 'KWARGS', {})
+                obj = cls(*cls.ARGS, **kwargs)
+                # XXX: We need to modify the copy module to support PEP 3154's
+                # reduce protocol 4.
+                if hasattr(cls, '__getnewargs_ex__'):
+                    continue
+                objcopy = deepcopy(obj)
+                self._assert_is_copy(obj, objcopy)
+                # For test classes that supports this, make sure we didn't go
+                # around the reduce protocol by simply copying the attribute
+                # dictionary. We clear attributes using the previous copy to
+                # not mutate the original argument.
+                if not cls.NEED_DICT_COPYING:
+                    objcopy.__dict__.clear()
+                    objcopy2 = deepcopy(objcopy)
+                    self._assert_is_copy(obj, objcopy2)
+
+
+class SharedKeyTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    @support.cpython_only
+    def test_subclasses(self):
+        # Verify that subclasses can share keys (per PEP 412)
+        class A:
+            pass
+        class B(A):
+            pass
+
+        a, b = A(), B()
+        self.assertEqual(sys.getsizeof(vars(a)), sys.getsizeof(vars(b)))
+        self.assertLess(sys.getsizeof(vars(a)), sys.getsizeof({}))
+        a.x, a.y, a.z, a.w = range(4)
+        self.assertNotEqual(sys.getsizeof(vars(a)), sys.getsizeof(vars(b)))
+        a2 = A()
+        self.assertEqual(sys.getsizeof(vars(a)), sys.getsizeof(vars(a2)))
+        self.assertLess(sys.getsizeof(vars(a)), sys.getsizeof({}))
+        b.u, b.v, b.w, b.t = range(4)
+        self.assertLess(sys.getsizeof(vars(b)), sys.getsizeof({}))
+
+
+def test_main():
+    # Run all local test cases, with PTypesLongInitTest first.
+    support.run_unittest(PTypesLongInitTest, OperatorsTest,
+                         ClassPropertiesAndMethods, DictProxyTests,
+                         MiscTests, PicklingTests, SharedKeyTests)
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    test_main()