com.googler.python 1.0.0

package/python3.4.2/lib/python3.4/test/pickletester.py

@@ -0,0 +1,2253 @@
+import copyreg
+import io
+import pickle
+import pickletools
+import random
+import struct
+import sys
+import unittest
+import weakref
+from http.cookies import SimpleCookie
+
+from test.support import (
+    TestFailed, TESTFN, run_with_locale, no_tracing,
+    _2G, _4G, bigmemtest,
+    )
+
+from pickle import bytes_types
+
+# Tests that try a number of pickle protocols should have a
+#     for proto in protocols:
+# kind of outer loop.
+protocols = range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1)
+
+
+# Return True if opcode code appears in the pickle, else False.
+def opcode_in_pickle(code, pickle):
+    for op, dummy, dummy in pickletools.genops(pickle):
+        if op.code == code.decode("latin-1"):
+            return True
+    return False
+
+# Return the number of times opcode code appears in pickle.
+def count_opcode(code, pickle):
+    n = 0
+    for op, dummy, dummy in pickletools.genops(pickle):
+        if op.code == code.decode("latin-1"):
+            n += 1
+    return n
+
+
+class UnseekableIO(io.BytesIO):
+    def peek(self, *args):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def seekable(self):
+        return False
+
+    def seek(self, *args):
+        raise io.UnsupportedOperation
+
+    def tell(self):
+        raise io.UnsupportedOperation
+
+
+# We can't very well test the extension registry without putting known stuff
+# in it, but we have to be careful to restore its original state.  Code
+# should do this:
+#
+#     e = ExtensionSaver(extension_code)
+#     try:
+#         fiddle w/ the extension registry's stuff for extension_code
+#     finally:
+#         e.restore()
+
+class ExtensionSaver:
+    # Remember current registration for code (if any), and remove it (if
+    # there is one).
+    def __init__(self, code):
+        self.code = code
+        if code in copyreg._inverted_registry:
+            self.pair = copyreg._inverted_registry[code]
+            copyreg.remove_extension(self.pair[0], self.pair[1], code)
+        else:
+            self.pair = None
+
+    # Restore previous registration for code.
+    def restore(self):
+        code = self.code
+        curpair = copyreg._inverted_registry.get(code)
+        if curpair is not None:
+            copyreg.remove_extension(curpair[0], curpair[1], code)
+        pair = self.pair
+        if pair is not None:
+            copyreg.add_extension(pair[0], pair[1], code)
+
+class C:
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        return self.__dict__ == other.__dict__
+
+class D(C):
+    def __init__(self, arg):
+        pass
+
+class E(C):
+    def __getinitargs__(self):
+        return ()
+
+class H(object):
+    pass
+
+import __main__
+__main__.C = C
+C.__module__ = "__main__"
+__main__.D = D
+D.__module__ = "__main__"
+__main__.E = E
+E.__module__ = "__main__"
+__main__.H = H
+H.__module__ = "__main__"
+
+class myint(int):
+    def __init__(self, x):
+        self.str = str(x)
+
+class initarg(C):
+
+    def __init__(self, a, b):
+        self.a = a
+        self.b = b
+
+    def __getinitargs__(self):
+        return self.a, self.b
+
+class metaclass(type):
+    pass
+
+class use_metaclass(object, metaclass=metaclass):
+    pass
+
+class pickling_metaclass(type):
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        return (type(self) == type(other) and
+                self.reduce_args == other.reduce_args)
+
+    def __reduce__(self):
+        return (create_dynamic_class, self.reduce_args)
+
+def create_dynamic_class(name, bases):
+    result = pickling_metaclass(name, bases, dict())
+    result.reduce_args = (name, bases)
+    return result
+
+# DATA0 .. DATA2 are the pickles we expect under the various protocols, for
+# the object returned by create_data().
+
+DATA0 = (
+    b'(lp0\nL0L\naL1L\naF2.0\nac'
+    b'builtins\ncomplex\n'
+    b'p1\n(F3.0\nF0.0\ntp2\nRp'
+    b'3\naL1L\naL-1L\naL255L\naL-'
+    b'255L\naL-256L\naL65535L\na'
+    b'L-65535L\naL-65536L\naL2'
+    b'147483647L\naL-2147483'
+    b'647L\naL-2147483648L\na('
+    b'Vabc\np4\ng4\nccopyreg'
+    b'\n_reconstructor\np5\n('
+    b'c__main__\nC\np6\ncbu'
+    b'iltins\nobject\np7\nNt'
+    b'p8\nRp9\n(dp10\nVfoo\np1'
+    b'1\nL1L\nsVbar\np12\nL2L\nsb'
+    b'g9\ntp13\nag13\naL5L\na.'
+)
+
+# Disassembly of DATA0
+DATA0_DIS = """\
+    0: (    MARK
+    1: l        LIST       (MARK at 0)
+    2: p    PUT        0
+    5: L    LONG       0
+    9: a    APPEND
+   10: L    LONG       1
+   14: a    APPEND
+   15: F    FLOAT      2.0
+   20: a    APPEND
+   21: c    GLOBAL     'builtins complex'
+   39: p    PUT        1
+   42: (    MARK
+   43: F        FLOAT      3.0
+   48: F        FLOAT      0.0
+   53: t        TUPLE      (MARK at 42)
+   54: p    PUT        2
+   57: R    REDUCE
+   58: p    PUT        3
+   61: a    APPEND
+   62: L    LONG       1
+   66: a    APPEND
+   67: L    LONG       -1
+   72: a    APPEND
+   73: L    LONG       255
+   79: a    APPEND
+   80: L    LONG       -255
+   87: a    APPEND
+   88: L    LONG       -256
+   95: a    APPEND
+   96: L    LONG       65535
+  104: a    APPEND
+  105: L    LONG       -65535
+  114: a    APPEND
+  115: L    LONG       -65536
+  124: a    APPEND
+  125: L    LONG       2147483647
+  138: a    APPEND
+  139: L    LONG       -2147483647
+  153: a    APPEND
+  154: L    LONG       -2147483648
+  168: a    APPEND
+  169: (    MARK
+  170: V        UNICODE    'abc'
+  175: p        PUT        4
+  178: g        GET        4
+  181: c        GLOBAL     'copyreg _reconstructor'
+  205: p        PUT        5
+  208: (        MARK
+  209: c            GLOBAL     '__main__ C'
+  221: p            PUT        6
+  224: c            GLOBAL     'builtins object'
+  241: p            PUT        7
+  244: N            NONE
+  245: t            TUPLE      (MARK at 208)
+  246: p        PUT        8
+  249: R        REDUCE
+  250: p        PUT        9
+  253: (        MARK
+  254: d            DICT       (MARK at 253)
+  255: p        PUT        10
+  259: V        UNICODE    'foo'
+  264: p        PUT        11
+  268: L        LONG       1
+  272: s        SETITEM
+  273: V        UNICODE    'bar'
+  278: p        PUT        12
+  282: L        LONG       2
+  286: s        SETITEM
+  287: b        BUILD
+  288: g        GET        9
+  291: t        TUPLE      (MARK at 169)
+  292: p    PUT        13
+  296: a    APPEND
+  297: g    GET        13
+  301: a    APPEND
+  302: L    LONG       5
+  306: a    APPEND
+  307: .    STOP
+highest protocol among opcodes = 0
+"""
+
+DATA1 = (
+    b']q\x00(K\x00K\x01G@\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00c'
+    b'builtins\ncomplex\nq\x01'
+    b'(G@\x08\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00G\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00t'
+    b'q\x02Rq\x03K\x01J\xff\xff\xff\xffK\xffJ\x01\xff\xff\xffJ'
+    b'\x00\xff\xff\xffM\xff\xffJ\x01\x00\xff\xffJ\x00\x00\xff\xffJ\xff\xff'
+    b'\xff\x7fJ\x01\x00\x00\x80J\x00\x00\x00\x80(X\x03\x00\x00\x00ab'
+    b'cq\x04h\x04ccopyreg\n_reco'
+    b'nstructor\nq\x05(c__main'
+    b'__\nC\nq\x06cbuiltins\n'
+    b'object\nq\x07Ntq\x08Rq\t}q\n('
+    b'X\x03\x00\x00\x00fooq\x0bK\x01X\x03\x00\x00\x00bar'
+    b'q\x0cK\x02ubh\ttq\rh\rK\x05e.'
+)
+
+# Disassembly of DATA1
+DATA1_DIS = """\
+    0: ]    EMPTY_LIST
+    1: q    BINPUT     0
+    3: (    MARK
+    4: K        BININT1    0
+    6: K        BININT1    1
+    8: G        BINFLOAT   2.0
+   17: c        GLOBAL     'builtins complex'
+   35: q        BINPUT     1
+   37: (        MARK
+   38: G            BINFLOAT   3.0
+   47: G            BINFLOAT   0.0
+   56: t            TUPLE      (MARK at 37)
+   57: q        BINPUT     2
+   59: R        REDUCE
+   60: q        BINPUT     3
+   62: K        BININT1    1
+   64: J        BININT     -1
+   69: K        BININT1    255
+   71: J        BININT     -255
+   76: J        BININT     -256
+   81: M        BININT2    65535
+   84: J        BININT     -65535
+   89: J        BININT     -65536
+   94: J        BININT     2147483647
+   99: J        BININT     -2147483647
+  104: J        BININT     -2147483648
+  109: (        MARK
+  110: X            BINUNICODE 'abc'
+  118: q            BINPUT     4
+  120: h            BINGET     4
+  122: c            GLOBAL     'copyreg _reconstructor'
+  146: q            BINPUT     5
+  148: (            MARK
+  149: c                GLOBAL     '__main__ C'
+  161: q                BINPUT     6
+  163: c                GLOBAL     'builtins object'
+  180: q                BINPUT     7
+  182: N                NONE
+  183: t                TUPLE      (MARK at 148)
+  184: q            BINPUT     8
+  186: R            REDUCE
+  187: q            BINPUT     9
+  189: }            EMPTY_DICT
+  190: q            BINPUT     10
+  192: (            MARK
+  193: X                BINUNICODE 'foo'
+  201: q                BINPUT     11
+  203: K                BININT1    1
+  205: X                BINUNICODE 'bar'
+  213: q                BINPUT     12
+  215: K                BININT1    2
+  217: u                SETITEMS   (MARK at 192)
+  218: b            BUILD
+  219: h            BINGET     9
+  221: t            TUPLE      (MARK at 109)
+  222: q        BINPUT     13
+  224: h        BINGET     13
+  226: K        BININT1    5
+  228: e        APPENDS    (MARK at 3)
+  229: .    STOP
+highest protocol among opcodes = 1
+"""
+
+DATA2 = (
+    b'\x80\x02]q\x00(K\x00K\x01G@\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00c'
+    b'builtins\ncomplex\n'
+    b'q\x01G@\x08\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00G\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00'
+    b'\x86q\x02Rq\x03K\x01J\xff\xff\xff\xffK\xffJ\x01\xff\xff\xff'
+    b'J\x00\xff\xff\xffM\xff\xffJ\x01\x00\xff\xffJ\x00\x00\xff\xffJ\xff'
+    b'\xff\xff\x7fJ\x01\x00\x00\x80J\x00\x00\x00\x80(X\x03\x00\x00\x00a'
+    b'bcq\x04h\x04c__main__\nC\nq\x05'
+    b')\x81q\x06}q\x07(X\x03\x00\x00\x00fooq\x08K\x01'
+    b'X\x03\x00\x00\x00barq\tK\x02ubh\x06tq\nh'
+    b'\nK\x05e.'
+)
+
+# Disassembly of DATA2
+DATA2_DIS = """\
+    0: \x80 PROTO      2
+    2: ]    EMPTY_LIST
+    3: q    BINPUT     0
+    5: (    MARK
+    6: K        BININT1    0
+    8: K        BININT1    1
+   10: G        BINFLOAT   2.0
+   19: c        GLOBAL     'builtins complex'
+   37: q        BINPUT     1
+   39: G        BINFLOAT   3.0
+   48: G        BINFLOAT   0.0
+   57: \x86     TUPLE2
+   58: q        BINPUT     2
+   60: R        REDUCE
+   61: q        BINPUT     3
+   63: K        BININT1    1
+   65: J        BININT     -1
+   70: K        BININT1    255
+   72: J        BININT     -255
+   77: J        BININT     -256
+   82: M        BININT2    65535
+   85: J        BININT     -65535
+   90: J        BININT     -65536
+   95: J        BININT     2147483647
+  100: J        BININT     -2147483647
+  105: J        BININT     -2147483648
+  110: (        MARK
+  111: X            BINUNICODE 'abc'
+  119: q            BINPUT     4
+  121: h            BINGET     4
+  123: c            GLOBAL     '__main__ C'
+  135: q            BINPUT     5
+  137: )            EMPTY_TUPLE
+  138: \x81         NEWOBJ
+  139: q            BINPUT     6
+  141: }            EMPTY_DICT
+  142: q            BINPUT     7
+  144: (            MARK
+  145: X                BINUNICODE 'foo'
+  153: q                BINPUT     8
+  155: K                BININT1    1
+  157: X                BINUNICODE 'bar'
+  165: q                BINPUT     9
+  167: K                BININT1    2
+  169: u                SETITEMS   (MARK at 144)
+  170: b            BUILD
+  171: h            BINGET     6
+  173: t            TUPLE      (MARK at 110)
+  174: q        BINPUT     10
+  176: h        BINGET     10
+  178: K        BININT1    5
+  180: e        APPENDS    (MARK at 5)
+  181: .    STOP
+highest protocol among opcodes = 2
+"""
+
+# set([1,2]) pickled from 2.x with protocol 2
+DATA3 = b'\x80\x02c__builtin__\nset\nq\x00]q\x01(K\x01K\x02e\x85q\x02Rq\x03.'
+
+# xrange(5) pickled from 2.x with protocol 2
+DATA4 = b'\x80\x02c__builtin__\nxrange\nq\x00K\x00K\x05K\x01\x87q\x01Rq\x02.'
+
+# a SimpleCookie() object pickled from 2.x with protocol 2
+DATA5 = (b'\x80\x02cCookie\nSimpleCookie\nq\x00)\x81q\x01U\x03key'
+         b'q\x02cCookie\nMorsel\nq\x03)\x81q\x04(U\x07commentq\x05U'
+         b'\x00q\x06U\x06domainq\x07h\x06U\x06secureq\x08h\x06U\x07'
+         b'expiresq\th\x06U\x07max-ageq\nh\x06U\x07versionq\x0bh\x06U'
+         b'\x04pathq\x0ch\x06U\x08httponlyq\rh\x06u}q\x0e(U\x0b'
+         b'coded_valueq\x0fU\x05valueq\x10h\x10h\x10h\x02h\x02ubs}q\x11b.')
+
+# set([3]) pickled from 2.x with protocol 2
+DATA6 = b'\x80\x02c__builtin__\nset\nq\x00]q\x01K\x03a\x85q\x02Rq\x03.'
+
+python2_exceptions_without_args = (
+    ArithmeticError,
+    AssertionError,
+    AttributeError,
+    BaseException,
+    BufferError,
+    BytesWarning,
+    DeprecationWarning,
+    EOFError,
+    EnvironmentError,
+    Exception,
+    FloatingPointError,
+    FutureWarning,
+    GeneratorExit,
+    IOError,
+    ImportError,
+    ImportWarning,
+    IndentationError,
+    IndexError,
+    KeyError,
+    KeyboardInterrupt,
+    LookupError,
+    MemoryError,
+    NameError,
+    NotImplementedError,
+    OSError,
+    OverflowError,
+    PendingDeprecationWarning,
+    ReferenceError,
+    RuntimeError,
+    RuntimeWarning,
+    # StandardError is gone in Python 3, we map it to Exception
+    StopIteration,
+    SyntaxError,
+    SyntaxWarning,
+    SystemError,
+    SystemExit,
+    TabError,
+    TypeError,
+    UnboundLocalError,
+    UnicodeError,
+    UnicodeWarning,
+    UserWarning,
+    ValueError,
+    Warning,
+    ZeroDivisionError,
+)
+
+exception_pickle = b'\x80\x02cexceptions\n?\nq\x00)Rq\x01.'
+
+# Exception objects without arguments pickled from 2.x with protocol 2
+DATA7 = {
+    exception :
+    exception_pickle.replace(b'?', exception.__name__.encode("ascii"))
+    for exception in python2_exceptions_without_args
+}
+
+# StandardError is mapped to Exception, test that separately
+DATA8 = exception_pickle.replace(b'?', b'StandardError')
+
+# UnicodeEncodeError object pickled from 2.x with protocol 2
+DATA9 = (b'\x80\x02cexceptions\nUnicodeEncodeError\n'
+         b'q\x00(U\x05asciiq\x01X\x03\x00\x00\x00fooq\x02K\x00K\x01'
+         b'U\x03badq\x03tq\x04Rq\x05.')
+
+
+def create_data():
+    c = C()
+    c.foo = 1
+    c.bar = 2
+    x = [0, 1, 2.0, 3.0+0j]
+    # Append some integer test cases at cPickle.c's internal size
+    # cutoffs.
+    uint1max = 0xff
+    uint2max = 0xffff
+    int4max = 0x7fffffff
+    x.extend([1, -1,
+              uint1max, -uint1max, -uint1max-1,
+              uint2max, -uint2max, -uint2max-1,
+               int4max,  -int4max,  -int4max-1])
+    y = ('abc', 'abc', c, c)
+    x.append(y)
+    x.append(y)
+    x.append(5)
+    return x
+
+
+class AbstractPickleTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    # Subclass must define self.dumps, self.loads.
+
+    optimized = False
+
+    _testdata = create_data()
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        pass
+
+    def assert_is_copy(self, obj, objcopy, msg=None):
+        """Utility method to verify if two objects are copies of each others.
+        """
+        if msg is None:
+            msg = "{!r} is not a copy of {!r}".format(obj, objcopy)
+        self.assertEqual(obj, objcopy, msg=msg)
+        self.assertIs(type(obj), type(objcopy), msg=msg)
+        if hasattr(obj, '__dict__'):
+            self.assertDictEqual(obj.__dict__, objcopy.__dict__, msg=msg)
+            self.assertIsNot(obj.__dict__, objcopy.__dict__, msg=msg)
+        if hasattr(obj, '__slots__'):
+            self.assertListEqual(obj.__slots__, objcopy.__slots__, msg=msg)
+            for slot in obj.__slots__:
+                self.assertEqual(
+                    hasattr(obj, slot), hasattr(objcopy, slot), msg=msg)
+                self.assertEqual(getattr(obj, slot, None),
+                                 getattr(objcopy, slot, None), msg=msg)
+
+    def test_misc(self):
+        # test various datatypes not tested by testdata
+        for proto in protocols:
+            x = myint(4)
+            s = self.dumps(x, proto)
+            y = self.loads(s)
+            self.assert_is_copy(x, y)
+
+            x = (1, ())
+            s = self.dumps(x, proto)
+            y = self.loads(s)
+            self.assert_is_copy(x, y)
+
+            x = initarg(1, x)
+            s = self.dumps(x, proto)
+            y = self.loads(s)
+            self.assert_is_copy(x, y)
+
+        # XXX test __reduce__ protocol?
+
+    def test_roundtrip_equality(self):
+        expected = self._testdata
+        for proto in protocols:
+            s = self.dumps(expected, proto)
+            got = self.loads(s)
+            self.assert_is_copy(expected, got)
+
+    def test_load_from_data0(self):
+        self.assert_is_copy(self._testdata, self.loads(DATA0))
+
+    def test_load_from_data1(self):
+        self.assert_is_copy(self._testdata, self.loads(DATA1))
+
+    def test_load_from_data2(self):
+        self.assert_is_copy(self._testdata, self.loads(DATA2))
+
+    def test_load_classic_instance(self):
+        # See issue5180.  Test loading 2.x pickles that
+        # contain an instance of old style class.
+        for X, args in [(C, ()), (D, ('x',)), (E, ())]:
+            xname = X.__name__.encode('ascii')
+            # Protocol 0 (text mode pickle):
+            """
+            0: (    MARK
+            1: i        INST       '__main__ X' (MARK at 0)
+            15: p    PUT        0
+            18: (    MARK
+            19: d        DICT       (MARK at 18)
+            20: p    PUT        1
+            23: b    BUILD
+            24: .    STOP
+            """
+            pickle0 = (b"(i__main__\n"
+                       b"X\n"
+                       b"p0\n"
+                       b"(dp1\nb.").replace(b'X', xname)
+            self.assert_is_copy(X(*args), self.loads(pickle0))
+
+            # Protocol 1 (binary mode pickle)
+            """
+            0: (    MARK
+            1: c        GLOBAL     '__main__ X'
+            15: q        BINPUT     0
+            17: o        OBJ        (MARK at 0)
+            18: q    BINPUT     1
+            20: }    EMPTY_DICT
+            21: q    BINPUT     2
+            23: b    BUILD
+            24: .    STOP
+            """
+            pickle1 = (b'(c__main__\n'
+                       b'X\n'
+                       b'q\x00oq\x01}q\x02b.').replace(b'X', xname)
+            self.assert_is_copy(X(*args), self.loads(pickle1))
+
+            # Protocol 2 (pickle2 = b'\x80\x02' + pickle1)
+            """
+            0: \x80 PROTO      2
+            2: (    MARK
+            3: c        GLOBAL     '__main__ X'
+            17: q        BINPUT     0
+            19: o        OBJ        (MARK at 2)
+            20: q    BINPUT     1
+            22: }    EMPTY_DICT
+            23: q    BINPUT     2
+            25: b    BUILD
+            26: .    STOP
+            """
+            pickle2 = (b'\x80\x02(c__main__\n'
+                       b'X\n'
+                       b'q\x00oq\x01}q\x02b.').replace(b'X', xname)
+            self.assert_is_copy(X(*args), self.loads(pickle2))
+
+    # There are gratuitous differences between pickles produced by
+    # pickle and cPickle, largely because cPickle starts PUT indices at
+    # 1 and pickle starts them at 0.  See XXX comment in cPickle's put2() --
+    # there's a comment with an exclamation point there whose meaning
+    # is a mystery.  cPickle also suppresses PUT for objects with a refcount
+    # of 1.
+    def dont_test_disassembly(self):
+        from io import StringIO
+        from pickletools import dis
+
+        for proto, expected in (0, DATA0_DIS), (1, DATA1_DIS):
+            s = self.dumps(self._testdata, proto)
+            filelike = StringIO()
+            dis(s, out=filelike)
+            got = filelike.getvalue()
+            self.assertEqual(expected, got)
+
+    def test_recursive_list(self):
+        l = []
+        l.append(l)
+        for proto in protocols:
+            s = self.dumps(l, proto)
+            x = self.loads(s)
+            self.assertIsInstance(x, list)
+            self.assertEqual(len(x), 1)
+            self.assertTrue(x is x[0])
+
+    def test_recursive_tuple(self):
+        t = ([],)
+        t[0].append(t)
+        for proto in protocols:
+            s = self.dumps(t, proto)
+            x = self.loads(s)
+            self.assertIsInstance(x, tuple)
+            self.assertEqual(len(x), 1)
+            self.assertEqual(len(x[0]), 1)
+            self.assertTrue(x is x[0][0])
+
+    def test_recursive_dict(self):
+        d = {}
+        d[1] = d
+        for proto in protocols:
+            s = self.dumps(d, proto)
+            x = self.loads(s)
+            self.assertIsInstance(x, dict)
+            self.assertEqual(list(x.keys()), [1])
+            self.assertTrue(x[1] is x)
+
+    def test_recursive_set(self):
+        h = H()
+        y = set({h})
+        h.attr = y
+        for proto in protocols:
+            s = self.dumps(y, proto)
+            x = self.loads(s)
+            self.assertIsInstance(x, set)
+            self.assertIs(list(x)[0].attr, x)
+            self.assertEqual(len(x), 1)
+
+    def test_recursive_frozenset(self):
+        h = H()
+        y = frozenset({h})
+        h.attr = y
+        for proto in protocols:
+            s = self.dumps(y, proto)
+            x = self.loads(s)
+            self.assertIsInstance(x, frozenset)
+            self.assertIs(list(x)[0].attr, x)
+            self.assertEqual(len(x), 1)
+
+    def test_recursive_inst(self):
+        i = C()
+        i.attr = i
+        for proto in protocols:
+            s = self.dumps(i, proto)
+            x = self.loads(s)
+            self.assertIsInstance(x, C)
+            self.assertEqual(dir(x), dir(i))
+            self.assertIs(x.attr, x)
+
+    def test_recursive_multi(self):
+        l = []
+        d = {1:l}
+        i = C()
+        i.attr = d
+        l.append(i)
+        for proto in protocols:
+            s = self.dumps(l, proto)
+            x = self.loads(s)
+            self.assertIsInstance(x, list)
+            self.assertEqual(len(x), 1)
+            self.assertEqual(dir(x[0]), dir(i))
+            self.assertEqual(list(x[0].attr.keys()), [1])
+            self.assertTrue(x[0].attr[1] is x)
+
+    def test_get(self):
+        self.assertRaises(KeyError, self.loads, b'g0\np0')
+        self.assert_is_copy([(100,), (100,)],
+                            self.loads(b'((Kdtp0\nh\x00l.))'))
+
+    def test_unicode(self):
+        endcases = ['', '<\\u>', '<\\\u1234>', '<\n>',
+                    '<\\>', '<\\\U00012345>',
+                    # surrogates
+                    '<\udc80>']
+        for proto in protocols:
+            for u in endcases:
+                p = self.dumps(u, proto)
+                u2 = self.loads(p)
+                self.assert_is_copy(u, u2)
+
+    def test_unicode_high_plane(self):
+        t = '\U00012345'
+        for proto in protocols:
+            p = self.dumps(t, proto)
+            t2 = self.loads(p)
+            self.assert_is_copy(t, t2)
+
+    def test_bytes(self):
+        for proto in protocols:
+            for s in b'', b'xyz', b'xyz'*100:
+                p = self.dumps(s, proto)
+                self.assert_is_copy(s, self.loads(p))
+            for s in [bytes([i]) for i in range(256)]:
+                p = self.dumps(s, proto)
+                self.assert_is_copy(s, self.loads(p))
+            for s in [bytes([i, i]) for i in range(256)]:
+                p = self.dumps(s, proto)
+                self.assert_is_copy(s, self.loads(p))
+
+    def test_ints(self):
+        import sys
+        for proto in protocols:
+            n = sys.maxsize
+            while n:
+                for expected in (-n, n):
+                    s = self.dumps(expected, proto)
+                    n2 = self.loads(s)
+                    self.assert_is_copy(expected, n2)
+                n = n >> 1
+
+    def test_maxint64(self):
+        maxint64 = (1 << 63) - 1
+        data = b'I' + str(maxint64).encode("ascii") + b'\n.'
+        got = self.loads(data)
+        self.assert_is_copy(maxint64, got)
+
+        # Try too with a bogus literal.
+        data = b'I' + str(maxint64).encode("ascii") + b'JUNK\n.'
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.loads, data)
+
+    def test_long(self):
+        for proto in protocols:
+            # 256 bytes is where LONG4 begins.
+            for nbits in 1, 8, 8*254, 8*255, 8*256, 8*257:
+                nbase = 1 << nbits
+                for npos in nbase-1, nbase, nbase+1:
+                    for n in npos, -npos:
+                        pickle = self.dumps(n, proto)
+                        got = self.loads(pickle)
+                        self.assert_is_copy(n, got)
+        # Try a monster.  This is quadratic-time in protos 0 & 1, so don't
+        # bother with those.
+        nbase = int("deadbeeffeedface", 16)
+        nbase += nbase << 1000000
+        for n in nbase, -nbase:
+            p = self.dumps(n, 2)
+            got = self.loads(p)
+            # assert_is_copy is very expensive here as it precomputes
+            # a failure message by computing the repr() of n and got,
+            # we just do the check ourselves.
+            self.assertIs(type(got), int)
+            self.assertEqual(n, got)
+
+    def test_float(self):
+        test_values = [0.0, 4.94e-324, 1e-310, 7e-308, 6.626e-34, 0.1, 0.5,
+                       3.14, 263.44582062374053, 6.022e23, 1e30]
+        test_values = test_values + [-x for x in test_values]
+        for proto in protocols:
+            for value in test_values:
+                pickle = self.dumps(value, proto)
+                got = self.loads(pickle)
+                self.assert_is_copy(value, got)
+
+    @run_with_locale('LC_ALL', 'de_DE', 'fr_FR')
+    def test_float_format(self):
+        # make sure that floats are formatted locale independent with proto 0
+        self.assertEqual(self.dumps(1.2, 0)[0:3], b'F1.')
+
+    def test_reduce(self):
+        for proto in protocols:
+            inst = AAA()
+            dumped = self.dumps(inst, proto)
+            loaded = self.loads(dumped)
+            self.assertEqual(loaded, REDUCE_A)
+
+    def test_getinitargs(self):
+        for proto in protocols:
+            inst = initarg(1, 2)
+            dumped = self.dumps(inst, proto)
+            loaded = self.loads(dumped)
+            self.assert_is_copy(inst, loaded)
+
+    def test_pop_empty_stack(self):
+        # Test issue7455
+        s = b'0'
+        self.assertRaises((pickle.UnpicklingError, IndexError), self.loads, s)
+
+    def test_metaclass(self):
+        a = use_metaclass()
+        for proto in protocols:
+            s = self.dumps(a, proto)
+            b = self.loads(s)
+            self.assertEqual(a.__class__, b.__class__)
+
+    def test_dynamic_class(self):
+        a = create_dynamic_class("my_dynamic_class", (object,))
+        copyreg.pickle(pickling_metaclass, pickling_metaclass.__reduce__)
+        for proto in protocols:
+            s = self.dumps(a, proto)
+            b = self.loads(s)
+            self.assertEqual(a, b)
+            self.assertIs(type(a), type(b))
+
+    def test_structseq(self):
+        import time
+        import os
+
+        t = time.localtime()
+        for proto in protocols:
+            s = self.dumps(t, proto)
+            u = self.loads(s)
+            self.assert_is_copy(t, u)
+            if hasattr(os, "stat"):
+                t = os.stat(os.curdir)
+                s = self.dumps(t, proto)
+                u = self.loads(s)
+                self.assert_is_copy(t, u)
+            if hasattr(os, "statvfs"):
+                t = os.statvfs(os.curdir)
+                s = self.dumps(t, proto)
+                u = self.loads(s)
+                self.assert_is_copy(t, u)
+
+    def test_ellipsis(self):
+        for proto in protocols:
+            s = self.dumps(..., proto)
+            u = self.loads(s)
+            self.assertIs(..., u)
+
+    def test_notimplemented(self):
+        for proto in protocols:
+            s = self.dumps(NotImplemented, proto)
+            u = self.loads(s)
+            self.assertIs(NotImplemented, u)
+
+    def test_singleton_types(self):
+        # Issue #6477: Test that types of built-in singletons can be pickled.
+        singletons = [None, ..., NotImplemented]
+        for singleton in singletons:
+            for proto in protocols:
+                s = self.dumps(type(singleton), proto)
+                u = self.loads(s)
+                self.assertIs(type(singleton), u)
+
+    # Tests for protocol 2
+
+    def test_proto(self):
+        for proto in protocols:
+            pickled = self.dumps(None, proto)
+            if proto >= 2:
+                proto_header = pickle.PROTO + bytes([proto])
+                self.assertTrue(pickled.startswith(proto_header))
+            else:
+                self.assertEqual(count_opcode(pickle.PROTO, pickled), 0)
+
+        oob = protocols[-1] + 1     # a future protocol
+        build_none = pickle.NONE + pickle.STOP
+        badpickle = pickle.PROTO + bytes([oob]) + build_none
+        try:
+            self.loads(badpickle)
+        except ValueError as err:
+            self.assertIn("unsupported pickle protocol", str(err))
+        else:
+            self.fail("expected bad protocol number to raise ValueError")
+
+    def test_long1(self):
+        x = 12345678910111213141516178920
+        for proto in protocols:
+            s = self.dumps(x, proto)
+            y = self.loads(s)
+            self.assert_is_copy(x, y)
+            self.assertEqual(opcode_in_pickle(pickle.LONG1, s), proto >= 2)
+
+    def test_long4(self):
+        x = 12345678910111213141516178920 << (256*8)
+        for proto in protocols:
+            s = self.dumps(x, proto)
+            y = self.loads(s)
+            self.assert_is_copy(x, y)
+            self.assertEqual(opcode_in_pickle(pickle.LONG4, s), proto >= 2)
+
+    def test_short_tuples(self):
+        # Map (proto, len(tuple)) to expected opcode.
+        expected_opcode = {(0, 0): pickle.TUPLE,
+                           (0, 1): pickle.TUPLE,
+                           (0, 2): pickle.TUPLE,
+                           (0, 3): pickle.TUPLE,
+                           (0, 4): pickle.TUPLE,
+
+                           (1, 0): pickle.EMPTY_TUPLE,
+                           (1, 1): pickle.TUPLE,
+                           (1, 2): pickle.TUPLE,
+                           (1, 3): pickle.TUPLE,
+                           (1, 4): pickle.TUPLE,
+
+                           (2, 0): pickle.EMPTY_TUPLE,
+                           (2, 1): pickle.TUPLE1,
+                           (2, 2): pickle.TUPLE2,
+                           (2, 3): pickle.TUPLE3,
+                           (2, 4): pickle.TUPLE,
+
+                           (3, 0): pickle.EMPTY_TUPLE,
+                           (3, 1): pickle.TUPLE1,
+                           (3, 2): pickle.TUPLE2,
+                           (3, 3): pickle.TUPLE3,
+                           (3, 4): pickle.TUPLE,
+                          }
+        a = ()
+        b = (1,)
+        c = (1, 2)
+        d = (1, 2, 3)
+        e = (1, 2, 3, 4)
+        for proto in protocols:
+            for x in a, b, c, d, e:
+                s = self.dumps(x, proto)
+                y = self.loads(s)
+                self.assert_is_copy(x, y)
+                expected = expected_opcode[min(proto, 3), len(x)]
+                self.assertTrue(opcode_in_pickle(expected, s))
+
+    def test_singletons(self):
+        # Map (proto, singleton) to expected opcode.
+        expected_opcode = {(0, None): pickle.NONE,
+                           (1, None): pickle.NONE,
+                           (2, None): pickle.NONE,
+                           (3, None): pickle.NONE,
+
+                           (0, True): pickle.INT,
+                           (1, True): pickle.INT,
+                           (2, True): pickle.NEWTRUE,
+                           (3, True): pickle.NEWTRUE,
+
+                           (0, False): pickle.INT,
+                           (1, False): pickle.INT,
+                           (2, False): pickle.NEWFALSE,
+                           (3, False): pickle.NEWFALSE,
+                          }
+        for proto in protocols:
+            for x in None, False, True:
+                s = self.dumps(x, proto)
+                y = self.loads(s)
+                self.assertTrue(x is y, (proto, x, s, y))
+                expected = expected_opcode[min(proto, 3), x]
+                self.assertTrue(opcode_in_pickle(expected, s))
+
+    def test_newobj_tuple(self):
+        x = MyTuple([1, 2, 3])
+        x.foo = 42
+        x.bar = "hello"
+        for proto in protocols:
+            s = self.dumps(x, proto)
+            y = self.loads(s)
+            self.assert_is_copy(x, y)
+
+    def test_newobj_list(self):
+        x = MyList([1, 2, 3])
+        x.foo = 42
+        x.bar = "hello"
+        for proto in protocols:
+            s = self.dumps(x, proto)
+            y = self.loads(s)
+            self.assert_is_copy(x, y)
+
+    def test_newobj_generic(self):
+        for proto in protocols:
+            for C in myclasses:
+                B = C.__base__
+                x = C(C.sample)
+                x.foo = 42
+                s = self.dumps(x, proto)
+                y = self.loads(s)
+                detail = (proto, C, B, x, y, type(y))
+                self.assert_is_copy(x, y) # XXX revisit
+                self.assertEqual(B(x), B(y), detail)
+                self.assertEqual(x.__dict__, y.__dict__, detail)
+
+    def test_newobj_proxies(self):
+        # NEWOBJ should use the __class__ rather than the raw type
+        classes = myclasses[:]
+        # Cannot create weakproxies to these classes
+        for c in (MyInt, MyTuple):
+            classes.remove(c)
+        for proto in protocols:
+            for C in classes:
+                B = C.__base__
+                x = C(C.sample)
+                x.foo = 42
+                p = weakref.proxy(x)
+                s = self.dumps(p, proto)
+                y = self.loads(s)
+                self.assertEqual(type(y), type(x))  # rather than type(p)
+                detail = (proto, C, B, x, y, type(y))
+                self.assertEqual(B(x), B(y), detail)
+                self.assertEqual(x.__dict__, y.__dict__, detail)
+
+    # Register a type with copyreg, with extension code extcode.  Pickle
+    # an object of that type.  Check that the resulting pickle uses opcode
+    # (EXT[124]) under proto 2, and not in proto 1.
+
+    def produce_global_ext(self, extcode, opcode):
+        e = ExtensionSaver(extcode)
+        try:
+            copyreg.add_extension(__name__, "MyList", extcode)
+            x = MyList([1, 2, 3])
+            x.foo = 42
+            x.bar = "hello"
+
+            # Dump using protocol 1 for comparison.
+            s1 = self.dumps(x, 1)
+            self.assertIn(__name__.encode("utf-8"), s1)
+            self.assertIn(b"MyList", s1)
+            self.assertFalse(opcode_in_pickle(opcode, s1))
+
+            y = self.loads(s1)
+            self.assert_is_copy(x, y)
+
+            # Dump using protocol 2 for test.
+            s2 = self.dumps(x, 2)
+            self.assertNotIn(__name__.encode("utf-8"), s2)
+            self.assertNotIn(b"MyList", s2)
+            self.assertEqual(opcode_in_pickle(opcode, s2), True, repr(s2))
+
+            y = self.loads(s2)
+            self.assert_is_copy(x, y)
+        finally:
+            e.restore()
+
+    def test_global_ext1(self):
+        self.produce_global_ext(0x00000001, pickle.EXT1)  # smallest EXT1 code
+        self.produce_global_ext(0x000000ff, pickle.EXT1)  # largest EXT1 code
+
+    def test_global_ext2(self):
+        self.produce_global_ext(0x00000100, pickle.EXT2)  # smallest EXT2 code
+        self.produce_global_ext(0x0000ffff, pickle.EXT2)  # largest EXT2 code
+        self.produce_global_ext(0x0000abcd, pickle.EXT2)  # check endianness
+
+    def test_global_ext4(self):
+        self.produce_global_ext(0x00010000, pickle.EXT4)  # smallest EXT4 code
+        self.produce_global_ext(0x7fffffff, pickle.EXT4)  # largest EXT4 code
+        self.produce_global_ext(0x12abcdef, pickle.EXT4)  # check endianness
+
+    def test_list_chunking(self):
+        n = 10  # too small to chunk
+        x = list(range(n))
+        for proto in protocols:
+            s = self.dumps(x, proto)
+            y = self.loads(s)
+            self.assert_is_copy(x, y)
+            num_appends = count_opcode(pickle.APPENDS, s)
+            self.assertEqual(num_appends, proto > 0)
+
+        n = 2500  # expect at least two chunks when proto > 0
+        x = list(range(n))
+        for proto in protocols:
+            s = self.dumps(x, proto)
+            y = self.loads(s)
+            self.assert_is_copy(x, y)
+            num_appends = count_opcode(pickle.APPENDS, s)
+            if proto == 0:
+                self.assertEqual(num_appends, 0)
+            else:
+                self.assertTrue(num_appends >= 2)
+
+    def test_dict_chunking(self):
+        n = 10  # too small to chunk
+        x = dict.fromkeys(range(n))
+        for proto in protocols:
+            s = self.dumps(x, proto)
+            self.assertIsInstance(s, bytes_types)
+            y = self.loads(s)
+            self.assert_is_copy(x, y)
+            num_setitems = count_opcode(pickle.SETITEMS, s)
+            self.assertEqual(num_setitems, proto > 0)
+
+        n = 2500  # expect at least two chunks when proto > 0
+        x = dict.fromkeys(range(n))
+        for proto in protocols:
+            s = self.dumps(x, proto)
+            y = self.loads(s)
+            self.assert_is_copy(x, y)
+            num_setitems = count_opcode(pickle.SETITEMS, s)
+            if proto == 0:
+                self.assertEqual(num_setitems, 0)
+            else:
+                self.assertTrue(num_setitems >= 2)
+
+    def test_set_chunking(self):
+        n = 10  # too small to chunk
+        x = set(range(n))
+        for proto in protocols:
+            s = self.dumps(x, proto)
+            y = self.loads(s)
+            self.assert_is_copy(x, y)
+            num_additems = count_opcode(pickle.ADDITEMS, s)
+            if proto < 4:
+                self.assertEqual(num_additems, 0)
+            else:
+                self.assertEqual(num_additems, 1)
+
+        n = 2500  # expect at least two chunks when proto >= 4
+        x = set(range(n))
+        for proto in protocols:
+            s = self.dumps(x, proto)
+            y = self.loads(s)
+            self.assert_is_copy(x, y)
+            num_additems = count_opcode(pickle.ADDITEMS, s)
+            if proto < 4:
+                self.assertEqual(num_additems, 0)
+            else:
+                self.assertGreaterEqual(num_additems, 2)
+
+    def test_simple_newobj(self):
+        x = object.__new__(SimpleNewObj)  # avoid __init__
+        x.abc = 666
+        for proto in protocols:
+            s = self.dumps(x, proto)
+            self.assertEqual(opcode_in_pickle(pickle.NEWOBJ, s),
+                             2 <= proto < 4)
+            self.assertEqual(opcode_in_pickle(pickle.NEWOBJ_EX, s),
+                             proto >= 4)
+            y = self.loads(s)   # will raise TypeError if __init__ called
+            self.assert_is_copy(x, y)
+
+    def test_newobj_list_slots(self):
+        x = SlotList([1, 2, 3])
+        x.foo = 42
+        x.bar = "hello"
+        s = self.dumps(x, 2)
+        y = self.loads(s)
+        self.assert_is_copy(x, y)
+
+    def test_reduce_overrides_default_reduce_ex(self):
+        for proto in protocols:
+            x = REX_one()
+            self.assertEqual(x._reduce_called, 0)
+            s = self.dumps(x, proto)
+            self.assertEqual(x._reduce_called, 1)
+            y = self.loads(s)
+            self.assertEqual(y._reduce_called, 0)
+
+    def test_reduce_ex_called(self):
+        for proto in protocols:
+            x = REX_two()
+            self.assertEqual(x._proto, None)
+            s = self.dumps(x, proto)
+            self.assertEqual(x._proto, proto)
+            y = self.loads(s)
+            self.assertEqual(y._proto, None)
+
+    def test_reduce_ex_overrides_reduce(self):
+        for proto in protocols:
+            x = REX_three()
+            self.assertEqual(x._proto, None)
+            s = self.dumps(x, proto)
+            self.assertEqual(x._proto, proto)
+            y = self.loads(s)
+            self.assertEqual(y._proto, None)
+
+    def test_reduce_ex_calls_base(self):
+        for proto in protocols:
+            x = REX_four()
+            self.assertEqual(x._proto, None)
+            s = self.dumps(x, proto)
+            self.assertEqual(x._proto, proto)
+            y = self.loads(s)
+            self.assertEqual(y._proto, proto)
+
+    def test_reduce_calls_base(self):
+        for proto in protocols:
+            x = REX_five()
+            self.assertEqual(x._reduce_called, 0)
+            s = self.dumps(x, proto)
+            self.assertEqual(x._reduce_called, 1)
+            y = self.loads(s)
+            self.assertEqual(y._reduce_called, 1)
+
+    @no_tracing
+    def test_bad_getattr(self):
+        # Issue #3514: crash when there is an infinite loop in __getattr__
+        x = BadGetattr()
+        for proto in protocols:
+            self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, self.dumps, x, proto)
+
+    def test_reduce_bad_iterator(self):
+        # Issue4176: crash when 4th and 5th items of __reduce__()
+        # are not iterators
+        class C(object):
+            def __reduce__(self):
+                # 4th item is not an iterator
+                return list, (), None, [], None
+        class D(object):
+            def __reduce__(self):
+                # 5th item is not an iterator
+                return dict, (), None, None, []
+
+        # Protocol 0 is less strict and also accept iterables.
+        for proto in protocols:
+            try:
+                self.dumps(C(), proto)
+            except (pickle.PickleError):
+                pass
+            try:
+                self.dumps(D(), proto)
+            except (pickle.PickleError):
+                pass
+
+    def test_many_puts_and_gets(self):
+        # Test that internal data structures correctly deal with lots of
+        # puts/gets.
+        keys = ("aaa" + str(i) for i in range(100))
+        large_dict = dict((k, [4, 5, 6]) for k in keys)
+        obj = [dict(large_dict), dict(large_dict), dict(large_dict)]
+
+        for proto in protocols:
+            with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                dumped = self.dumps(obj, proto)
+                loaded = self.loads(dumped)
+                self.assert_is_copy(obj, loaded)
+
+    def test_attribute_name_interning(self):
+        # Test that attribute names of pickled objects are interned when
+        # unpickling.
+        for proto in protocols:
+            x = C()
+            x.foo = 42
+            x.bar = "hello"
+            s = self.dumps(x, proto)
+            y = self.loads(s)
+            x_keys = sorted(x.__dict__)
+            y_keys = sorted(y.__dict__)
+            for x_key, y_key in zip(x_keys, y_keys):
+                self.assertIs(x_key, y_key)
+
+    def test_unpickle_from_2x(self):
+        # Unpickle non-trivial data from Python 2.x.
+        loaded = self.loads(DATA3)
+        self.assertEqual(loaded, set([1, 2]))
+        loaded = self.loads(DATA4)
+        self.assertEqual(type(loaded), type(range(0)))
+        self.assertEqual(list(loaded), list(range(5)))
+        loaded = self.loads(DATA5)
+        self.assertEqual(type(loaded), SimpleCookie)
+        self.assertEqual(list(loaded.keys()), ["key"])
+        self.assertEqual(loaded["key"].value, "Set-Cookie: key=value")
+
+        for (exc, data) in DATA7.items():
+            loaded = self.loads(data)
+            self.assertIs(type(loaded), exc)
+
+        loaded = self.loads(DATA8)
+        self.assertIs(type(loaded), Exception)
+
+        loaded = self.loads(DATA9)
+        self.assertIs(type(loaded), UnicodeEncodeError)
+        self.assertEqual(loaded.object, "foo")
+        self.assertEqual(loaded.encoding, "ascii")
+        self.assertEqual(loaded.start, 0)
+        self.assertEqual(loaded.end, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(loaded.reason, "bad")
+
+    def test_pickle_to_2x(self):
+        # Pickle non-trivial data with protocol 2, expecting that it yields
+        # the same result as Python 2.x did.
+        # NOTE: this test is a bit too strong since we can produce different
+        # bytecode that 2.x will still understand.
+        dumped = self.dumps(range(5), 2)
+        self.assertEqual(dumped, DATA4)
+        dumped = self.dumps(set([3]), 2)
+        self.assertEqual(dumped, DATA6)
+
+    def test_load_python2_str_as_bytes(self):
+        # From Python 2: pickle.dumps('a\x00\xa0', protocol=0)
+        self.assertEqual(self.loads(b"S'a\\x00\\xa0'\n.",
+                                    encoding="bytes"), b'a\x00\xa0')
+        # From Python 2: pickle.dumps('a\x00\xa0', protocol=1)
+        self.assertEqual(self.loads(b'U\x03a\x00\xa0.',
+                                    encoding="bytes"), b'a\x00\xa0')
+        # From Python 2: pickle.dumps('a\x00\xa0', protocol=2)
+        self.assertEqual(self.loads(b'\x80\x02U\x03a\x00\xa0.',
+                                    encoding="bytes"), b'a\x00\xa0')
+
+    def test_load_python2_unicode_as_str(self):
+        # From Python 2: pickle.dumps(u'π', protocol=0)
+        self.assertEqual(self.loads(b'V\\u03c0\n.',
+                                    encoding='bytes'), 'π')
+        # From Python 2: pickle.dumps(u'π', protocol=1)
+        self.assertEqual(self.loads(b'X\x02\x00\x00\x00\xcf\x80.',
+                                    encoding="bytes"), 'π')
+        # From Python 2: pickle.dumps(u'π', protocol=2)
+        self.assertEqual(self.loads(b'\x80\x02X\x02\x00\x00\x00\xcf\x80.',
+                                    encoding="bytes"), 'π')
+
+    def test_load_long_python2_str_as_bytes(self):
+        # From Python 2: pickle.dumps('x' * 300, protocol=1)
+        self.assertEqual(self.loads(pickle.BINSTRING +
+                                    struct.pack("<I", 300) +
+                                    b'x' * 300 + pickle.STOP,
+                                    encoding='bytes'), b'x' * 300)
+
+    def test_large_pickles(self):
+        # Test the correctness of internal buffering routines when handling
+        # large data.
+        for proto in protocols:
+            data = (1, min, b'xy' * (30 * 1024), len)
+            dumped = self.dumps(data, proto)
+            loaded = self.loads(dumped)
+            self.assertEqual(len(loaded), len(data))
+            self.assertEqual(loaded, data)
+
+    def test_empty_bytestring(self):
+        # issue 11286
+        empty = self.loads(b'\x80\x03U\x00q\x00.', encoding='koi8-r')
+        self.assertEqual(empty, '')
+
+    def test_int_pickling_efficiency(self):
+        # Test compacity of int representation (see issue #12744)
+        for proto in protocols:
+            with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                pickles = [self.dumps(2**n, proto) for n in range(70)]
+                sizes = list(map(len, pickles))
+                # the size function is monotonic
+                self.assertEqual(sorted(sizes), sizes)
+                if proto >= 2:
+                    for p in pickles:
+                        self.assertFalse(opcode_in_pickle(pickle.LONG, p))
+
+    def check_negative_32b_binXXX(self, dumped):
+        if sys.maxsize > 2**32:
+            self.skipTest("test is only meaningful on 32-bit builds")
+        # XXX Pure Python pickle reads lengths as signed and passes
+        # them directly to read() (hence the EOFError)
+        with self.assertRaises((pickle.UnpicklingError, EOFError,
+                                ValueError, OverflowError)):
+            self.loads(dumped)
+
+    def test_negative_32b_binbytes(self):
+        # On 32-bit builds, a BINBYTES of 2**31 or more is refused
+        self.check_negative_32b_binXXX(b'\x80\x03B\xff\xff\xff\xffxyzq\x00.')
+
+    def test_negative_32b_binunicode(self):
+        # On 32-bit builds, a BINUNICODE of 2**31 or more is refused
+        self.check_negative_32b_binXXX(b'\x80\x03X\xff\xff\xff\xffxyzq\x00.')
+
+    def test_negative_put(self):
+        # Issue #12847
+        dumped = b'Va\np-1\n.'
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.loads, dumped)
+
+    def test_negative_32b_binput(self):
+        # Issue #12847
+        if sys.maxsize > 2**32:
+            self.skipTest("test is only meaningful on 32-bit builds")
+        dumped = b'\x80\x03X\x01\x00\x00\x00ar\xff\xff\xff\xff.'
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.loads, dumped)
+
+    def test_badly_escaped_string(self):
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.loads, b"S'\\'\n.")
+
+    def test_badly_quoted_string(self):
+        # Issue #17710
+        badpickles = [b"S'\n.",
+                      b'S"\n.',
+                      b'S\' \n.',
+                      b'S" \n.',
+                      b'S\'"\n.',
+                      b'S"\'\n.',
+                      b"S' ' \n.",
+                      b'S" " \n.',
+                      b"S ''\n.",
+                      b'S ""\n.',
+                      b'S \n.',
+                      b'S\n.',
+                      b'S.']
+        for p in badpickles:
+            self.assertRaises(pickle.UnpicklingError, self.loads, p)
+
+    def test_correctly_quoted_string(self):
+        goodpickles = [(b"S''\n.", ''),
+                       (b'S""\n.', ''),
+                       (b'S"\\n"\n.', '\n'),
+                       (b"S'\\n'\n.", '\n')]
+        for p, expected in goodpickles:
+            self.assertEqual(self.loads(p), expected)
+
+    def _check_pickling_with_opcode(self, obj, opcode, proto):
+        pickled = self.dumps(obj, proto)
+        self.assertTrue(opcode_in_pickle(opcode, pickled))
+        unpickled = self.loads(pickled)
+        self.assertEqual(obj, unpickled)
+
+    def test_appends_on_non_lists(self):
+        # Issue #17720
+        obj = REX_six([1, 2, 3])
+        for proto in protocols:
+            if proto == 0:
+                self._check_pickling_with_opcode(obj, pickle.APPEND, proto)
+            else:
+                self._check_pickling_with_opcode(obj, pickle.APPENDS, proto)
+
+    def test_setitems_on_non_dicts(self):
+        obj = REX_seven({1: -1, 2: -2, 3: -3})
+        for proto in protocols:
+            if proto == 0:
+                self._check_pickling_with_opcode(obj, pickle.SETITEM, proto)
+            else:
+                self._check_pickling_with_opcode(obj, pickle.SETITEMS, proto)
+
+    # Exercise framing (proto >= 4) for significant workloads
+
+    FRAME_SIZE_TARGET = 64 * 1024
+
+    def check_frame_opcodes(self, pickled):
+        """
+        Check the arguments of FRAME opcodes in a protocol 4+ pickle.
+        """
+        frame_opcode_size = 9
+        last_arg = last_pos = None
+        for op, arg, pos in pickletools.genops(pickled):
+            if op.name != 'FRAME':
+                continue
+            if last_pos is not None:
+                # The previous frame's size should be equal to the number
+                # of bytes up to the current frame.
+                frame_size = pos - last_pos - frame_opcode_size
+                self.assertEqual(frame_size, last_arg)
+            last_arg, last_pos = arg, pos
+        # The last frame's size should be equal to the number of bytes up
+        # to the pickle's end.
+        frame_size = len(pickled) - last_pos - frame_opcode_size
+        self.assertEqual(frame_size, last_arg)
+
+    def test_framing_many_objects(self):
+        obj = list(range(10**5))
+        for proto in range(4, pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
+            with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                pickled = self.dumps(obj, proto)
+                unpickled = self.loads(pickled)
+                self.assertEqual(obj, unpickled)
+                bytes_per_frame = (len(pickled) /
+                                   count_opcode(pickle.FRAME, pickled))
+                self.assertGreater(bytes_per_frame,
+                                   self.FRAME_SIZE_TARGET / 2)
+                self.assertLessEqual(bytes_per_frame,
+                                     self.FRAME_SIZE_TARGET * 1)
+                self.check_frame_opcodes(pickled)
+
+    def test_framing_large_objects(self):
+        N = 1024 * 1024
+        obj = [b'x' * N, b'y' * N, b'z' * N]
+        for proto in range(4, pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
+            with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                pickled = self.dumps(obj, proto)
+                unpickled = self.loads(pickled)
+                self.assertEqual(obj, unpickled)
+                n_frames = count_opcode(pickle.FRAME, pickled)
+                self.assertGreaterEqual(n_frames, len(obj))
+                self.check_frame_opcodes(pickled)
+
+    def test_optional_frames(self):
+        if pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL < 4:
+            return
+
+        def remove_frames(pickled, keep_frame=None):
+            """Remove frame opcodes from the given pickle."""
+            frame_starts = []
+            # 1 byte for the opcode and 8 for the argument
+            frame_opcode_size = 9
+            for opcode, _, pos in pickletools.genops(pickled):
+                if opcode.name == 'FRAME':
+                    frame_starts.append(pos)
+
+            newpickle = bytearray()
+            last_frame_end = 0
+            for i, pos in enumerate(frame_starts):
+                if keep_frame and keep_frame(i):
+                    continue
+                newpickle += pickled[last_frame_end:pos]
+                last_frame_end = pos + frame_opcode_size
+            newpickle += pickled[last_frame_end:]
+            return newpickle
+
+        frame_size = self.FRAME_SIZE_TARGET
+        num_frames = 20
+        obj = [bytes([i]) * frame_size for i in range(num_frames)]
+
+        for proto in range(4, pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
+            pickled = self.dumps(obj, proto)
+
+            frameless_pickle = remove_frames(pickled)
+            self.assertEqual(count_opcode(pickle.FRAME, frameless_pickle), 0)
+            self.assertEqual(obj, self.loads(frameless_pickle))
+
+            some_frames_pickle = remove_frames(pickled, lambda i: i % 2)
+            self.assertLess(count_opcode(pickle.FRAME, some_frames_pickle),
+                            count_opcode(pickle.FRAME, pickled))
+            self.assertEqual(obj, self.loads(some_frames_pickle))
+
+    def test_nested_names(self):
+        global Nested
+        class Nested:
+            class A:
+                class B:
+                    class C:
+                        pass
+
+        for proto in range(4, pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
+            for obj in [Nested.A, Nested.A.B, Nested.A.B.C]:
+                with self.subTest(proto=proto, obj=obj):
+                    unpickled = self.loads(self.dumps(obj, proto))
+                    self.assertIs(obj, unpickled)
+
+    def test_py_methods(self):
+        global PyMethodsTest
+        class PyMethodsTest:
+            @staticmethod
+            def cheese():
+                return "cheese"
+            @classmethod
+            def wine(cls):
+                assert cls is PyMethodsTest
+                return "wine"
+            def biscuits(self):
+                assert isinstance(self, PyMethodsTest)
+                return "biscuits"
+            class Nested:
+                "Nested class"
+                @staticmethod
+                def ketchup():
+                    return "ketchup"
+                @classmethod
+                def maple(cls):
+                    assert cls is PyMethodsTest.Nested
+                    return "maple"
+                def pie(self):
+                    assert isinstance(self, PyMethodsTest.Nested)
+                    return "pie"
+
+        py_methods = (
+            PyMethodsTest.cheese,
+            PyMethodsTest.wine,
+            PyMethodsTest().biscuits,
+            PyMethodsTest.Nested.ketchup,
+            PyMethodsTest.Nested.maple,
+            PyMethodsTest.Nested().pie
+        )
+        py_unbound_methods = (
+            (PyMethodsTest.biscuits, PyMethodsTest),
+            (PyMethodsTest.Nested.pie, PyMethodsTest.Nested)
+        )
+        for proto in range(4, pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
+            for method in py_methods:
+                with self.subTest(proto=proto, method=method):
+                    unpickled = self.loads(self.dumps(method, proto))
+                    self.assertEqual(method(), unpickled())
+            for method, cls in py_unbound_methods:
+                obj = cls()
+                with self.subTest(proto=proto, method=method):
+                    unpickled = self.loads(self.dumps(method, proto))
+                    self.assertEqual(method(obj), unpickled(obj))
+
+    def test_c_methods(self):
+        global Subclass
+        class Subclass(tuple):
+            class Nested(str):
+                pass
+
+        c_methods = (
+            # bound built-in method
+            ("abcd".index, ("c",)),
+            # unbound built-in method
+            (str.index, ("abcd", "c")),
+            # bound "slot" method
+            ([1, 2, 3].__len__, ()),
+            # unbound "slot" method
+            (list.__len__, ([1, 2, 3],)),
+            # bound "coexist" method
+            ({1, 2}.__contains__, (2,)),
+            # unbound "coexist" method
+            (set.__contains__, ({1, 2}, 2)),
+            # built-in class method
+            (dict.fromkeys, (("a", 1), ("b", 2))),
+            # built-in static method
+            (bytearray.maketrans, (b"abc", b"xyz")),
+            # subclass methods
+            (Subclass([1,2,2]).count, (2,)),
+            (Subclass.count, (Subclass([1,2,2]), 2)),
+            (Subclass.Nested("sweet").count, ("e",)),
+            (Subclass.Nested.count, (Subclass.Nested("sweet"), "e")),
+        )
+        for proto in range(4, pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
+            for method, args in c_methods:
+                with self.subTest(proto=proto, method=method):
+                    unpickled = self.loads(self.dumps(method, proto))
+                    self.assertEqual(method(*args), unpickled(*args))
+
+
+class BigmemPickleTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    # Binary protocols can serialize longs of up to 2GB-1
+
+    @bigmemtest(size=_2G, memuse=3.6, dry_run=False)
+    def test_huge_long_32b(self, size):
+        data = 1 << (8 * size)
+        try:
+            for proto in protocols:
+                if proto < 2:
+                    continue
+                with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                    with self.assertRaises((ValueError, OverflowError)):
+                        self.dumps(data, protocol=proto)
+        finally:
+            data = None
+
+    # Protocol 3 can serialize up to 4GB-1 as a bytes object
+    # (older protocols don't have a dedicated opcode for bytes and are
+    # too inefficient)
+
+    @bigmemtest(size=_2G, memuse=2.5, dry_run=False)
+    def test_huge_bytes_32b(self, size):
+        data = b"abcd" * (size // 4)
+        try:
+            for proto in protocols:
+                if proto < 3:
+                    continue
+                with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                    try:
+                        pickled = self.dumps(data, protocol=proto)
+                        header = (pickle.BINBYTES +
+                                  struct.pack("<I", len(data)))
+                        data_start = pickled.index(data)
+                        self.assertEqual(
+                            header,
+                            pickled[data_start-len(header):data_start])
+                    finally:
+                        pickled = None
+        finally:
+            data = None
+
+    @bigmemtest(size=_4G, memuse=2.5, dry_run=False)
+    def test_huge_bytes_64b(self, size):
+        data = b"acbd" * (size // 4)
+        try:
+            for proto in protocols:
+                if proto < 3:
+                    continue
+                with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                    if proto == 3:
+                        # Protocol 3 does not support large bytes objects.
+                        # Verify that we do not crash when processing one.
+                        with self.assertRaises((ValueError, OverflowError)):
+                            self.dumps(data, protocol=proto)
+                        continue
+                    try:
+                        pickled = self.dumps(data, protocol=proto)
+                        header = (pickle.BINBYTES8 +
+                                  struct.pack("<Q", len(data)))
+                        data_start = pickled.index(data)
+                        self.assertEqual(
+                            header,
+                            pickled[data_start-len(header):data_start])
+                    finally:
+                        pickled = None
+        finally:
+            data = None
+
+    # All protocols use 1-byte per printable ASCII character; we add another
+    # byte because the encoded form has to be copied into the internal buffer.
+
+    @bigmemtest(size=_2G, memuse=8, dry_run=False)
+    def test_huge_str_32b(self, size):
+        data = "abcd" * (size // 4)
+        try:
+            for proto in protocols:
+                if proto == 0:
+                    continue
+                with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                    try:
+                        pickled = self.dumps(data, protocol=proto)
+                        header = (pickle.BINUNICODE +
+                                  struct.pack("<I", len(data)))
+                        data_start = pickled.index(b'abcd')
+                        self.assertEqual(
+                            header,
+                            pickled[data_start-len(header):data_start])
+                        self.assertEqual((pickled.rindex(b"abcd") + len(b"abcd") -
+                                          pickled.index(b"abcd")), len(data))
+                    finally:
+                        pickled = None
+        finally:
+            data = None
+
+    # BINUNICODE (protocols 1, 2 and 3) cannot carry more than 2**32 - 1 bytes
+    # of utf-8 encoded unicode. BINUNICODE8 (protocol 4) supports these huge
+    # unicode strings however.
+
+    @bigmemtest(size=_4G, memuse=8, dry_run=False)
+    def test_huge_str_64b(self, size):
+        data = "abcd" * (size // 4)
+        try:
+            for proto in protocols:
+                if proto == 0:
+                    continue
+                with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                    if proto < 4:
+                        with self.assertRaises((ValueError, OverflowError)):
+                            self.dumps(data, protocol=proto)
+                        continue
+                    try:
+                        pickled = self.dumps(data, protocol=proto)
+                        header = (pickle.BINUNICODE8 +
+                                  struct.pack("<Q", len(data)))
+                        data_start = pickled.index(b'abcd')
+                        self.assertEqual(
+                            header,
+                            pickled[data_start-len(header):data_start])
+                        self.assertEqual((pickled.rindex(b"abcd") + len(b"abcd") -
+                                          pickled.index(b"abcd")), len(data))
+                    finally:
+                        pickled = None
+        finally:
+            data = None
+
+
+# Test classes for reduce_ex
+
+class REX_one(object):
+    """No __reduce_ex__ here, but inheriting it from object"""
+    _reduce_called = 0
+    def __reduce__(self):
+        self._reduce_called = 1
+        return REX_one, ()
+
+class REX_two(object):
+    """No __reduce__ here, but inheriting it from object"""
+    _proto = None
+    def __reduce_ex__(self, proto):
+        self._proto = proto
+        return REX_two, ()
+
+class REX_three(object):
+    _proto = None
+    def __reduce_ex__(self, proto):
+        self._proto = proto
+        return REX_two, ()
+    def __reduce__(self):
+        raise TestFailed("This __reduce__ shouldn't be called")
+
+class REX_four(object):
+    """Calling base class method should succeed"""
+    _proto = None
+    def __reduce_ex__(self, proto):
+        self._proto = proto
+        return object.__reduce_ex__(self, proto)
+
+class REX_five(object):
+    """This one used to fail with infinite recursion"""
+    _reduce_called = 0
+    def __reduce__(self):
+        self._reduce_called = 1
+        return object.__reduce__(self)
+
+class REX_six(object):
+    """This class is used to check the 4th argument (list iterator) of
+    the reduce protocol.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, items=None):
+        self.items = items if items is not None else []
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        return type(self) is type(other) and self.items == self.items
+    def append(self, item):
+        self.items.append(item)
+    def __reduce__(self):
+        return type(self), (), None, iter(self.items), None
+
+class REX_seven(object):
+    """This class is used to check the 5th argument (dict iterator) of
+    the reduce protocol.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, table=None):
+        self.table = table if table is not None else {}
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        return type(self) is type(other) and self.table == self.table
+    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
+        self.table[key] = value
+    def __reduce__(self):
+        return type(self), (), None, None, iter(self.table.items())
+
+
+# Test classes for newobj
+
+class MyInt(int):
+    sample = 1
+
+class MyFloat(float):
+    sample = 1.0
+
+class MyComplex(complex):
+    sample = 1.0 + 0.0j
+
+class MyStr(str):
+    sample = "hello"
+
+class MyUnicode(str):
+    sample = "hello \u1234"
+
+class MyTuple(tuple):
+    sample = (1, 2, 3)
+
+class MyList(list):
+    sample = [1, 2, 3]
+
+class MyDict(dict):
+    sample = {"a": 1, "b": 2}
+
+class MySet(set):
+    sample = {"a", "b"}
+
+class MyFrozenSet(frozenset):
+    sample = frozenset({"a", "b"})
+
+myclasses = [MyInt, MyFloat,
+             MyComplex,
+             MyStr, MyUnicode,
+             MyTuple, MyList, MyDict, MySet, MyFrozenSet]
+
+
+class SlotList(MyList):
+    __slots__ = ["foo"]
+
+class SimpleNewObj(object):
+    def __init__(self, a, b, c):
+        # raise an error, to make sure this isn't called
+        raise TypeError("SimpleNewObj.__init__() didn't expect to get called")
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        return self.__dict__ == other.__dict__
+
+class BadGetattr:
+    def __getattr__(self, key):
+        self.foo
+
+
+class AbstractPickleModuleTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def test_dump_closed_file(self):
+        import os
+        f = open(TESTFN, "wb")
+        try:
+            f.close()
+            self.assertRaises(ValueError, pickle.dump, 123, f)
+        finally:
+            os.remove(TESTFN)
+
+    def test_load_closed_file(self):
+        import os
+        f = open(TESTFN, "wb")
+        try:
+            f.close()
+            self.assertRaises(ValueError, pickle.dump, 123, f)
+        finally:
+            os.remove(TESTFN)
+
+    def test_load_from_and_dump_to_file(self):
+        stream = io.BytesIO()
+        data = [123, {}, 124]
+        pickle.dump(data, stream)
+        stream.seek(0)
+        unpickled = pickle.load(stream)
+        self.assertEqual(unpickled, data)
+
+    def test_highest_protocol(self):
+        # Of course this needs to be changed when HIGHEST_PROTOCOL changes.
+        self.assertEqual(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL, 4)
+
+    def test_callapi(self):
+        f = io.BytesIO()
+        # With and without keyword arguments
+        pickle.dump(123, f, -1)
+        pickle.dump(123, file=f, protocol=-1)
+        pickle.dumps(123, -1)
+        pickle.dumps(123, protocol=-1)
+        pickle.Pickler(f, -1)
+        pickle.Pickler(f, protocol=-1)
+
+    def test_bad_init(self):
+        # Test issue3664 (pickle can segfault from a badly initialized Pickler).
+        # Override initialization without calling __init__() of the superclass.
+        class BadPickler(pickle.Pickler):
+            def __init__(self): pass
+
+        class BadUnpickler(pickle.Unpickler):
+            def __init__(self): pass
+
+        self.assertRaises(pickle.PicklingError, BadPickler().dump, 0)
+        self.assertRaises(pickle.UnpicklingError, BadUnpickler().load)
+
+    def test_bad_input(self):
+        # Test issue4298
+        s = bytes([0x58, 0, 0, 0, 0x54])
+        self.assertRaises(EOFError, pickle.loads, s)
+
+
+class AbstractPersistentPicklerTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    # This class defines persistent_id() and persistent_load()
+    # functions that should be used by the pickler.  All even integers
+    # are pickled using persistent ids.
+
+    def persistent_id(self, object):
+        if isinstance(object, int) and object % 2 == 0:
+            self.id_count += 1
+            return str(object)
+        elif object == "test_false_value":
+            self.false_count += 1
+            return ""
+        else:
+            return None
+
+    def persistent_load(self, oid):
+        if not oid:
+            self.load_false_count += 1
+            return "test_false_value"
+        else:
+            self.load_count += 1
+            object = int(oid)
+            assert object % 2 == 0
+            return object
+
+    def test_persistence(self):
+        L = list(range(10)) + ["test_false_value"]
+        for proto in protocols:
+            self.id_count = 0
+            self.false_count = 0
+            self.load_false_count = 0
+            self.load_count = 0
+            self.assertEqual(self.loads(self.dumps(L, proto)), L)
+            self.assertEqual(self.id_count, 5)
+            self.assertEqual(self.false_count, 1)
+            self.assertEqual(self.load_count, 5)
+            self.assertEqual(self.load_false_count, 1)
+
+
+class AbstractPicklerUnpicklerObjectTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    pickler_class = None
+    unpickler_class = None
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        assert self.pickler_class
+        assert self.unpickler_class
+
+    def test_clear_pickler_memo(self):
+        # To test whether clear_memo() has any effect, we pickle an object,
+        # then pickle it again without clearing the memo; the two serialized
+        # forms should be different. If we clear_memo() and then pickle the
+        # object again, the third serialized form should be identical to the
+        # first one we obtained.
+        data = ["abcdefg", "abcdefg", 44]
+        f = io.BytesIO()
+        pickler = self.pickler_class(f)
+
+        pickler.dump(data)
+        first_pickled = f.getvalue()
+
+        # Reset BytesIO object.
+        f.seek(0)
+        f.truncate()
+
+        pickler.dump(data)
+        second_pickled = f.getvalue()
+
+        # Reset the Pickler and BytesIO objects.
+        pickler.clear_memo()
+        f.seek(0)
+        f.truncate()
+
+        pickler.dump(data)
+        third_pickled = f.getvalue()
+
+        self.assertNotEqual(first_pickled, second_pickled)
+        self.assertEqual(first_pickled, third_pickled)
+
+    def test_priming_pickler_memo(self):
+        # Verify that we can set the Pickler's memo attribute.
+        data = ["abcdefg", "abcdefg", 44]
+        f = io.BytesIO()
+        pickler = self.pickler_class(f)
+
+        pickler.dump(data)
+        first_pickled = f.getvalue()
+
+        f = io.BytesIO()
+        primed = self.pickler_class(f)
+        primed.memo = pickler.memo
+
+        primed.dump(data)
+        primed_pickled = f.getvalue()
+
+        self.assertNotEqual(first_pickled, primed_pickled)
+
+    def test_priming_unpickler_memo(self):
+        # Verify that we can set the Unpickler's memo attribute.
+        data = ["abcdefg", "abcdefg", 44]
+        f = io.BytesIO()
+        pickler = self.pickler_class(f)
+
+        pickler.dump(data)
+        first_pickled = f.getvalue()
+
+        f = io.BytesIO()
+        primed = self.pickler_class(f)
+        primed.memo = pickler.memo
+
+        primed.dump(data)
+        primed_pickled = f.getvalue()
+
+        unpickler = self.unpickler_class(io.BytesIO(first_pickled))
+        unpickled_data1 = unpickler.load()
+
+        self.assertEqual(unpickled_data1, data)
+
+        primed = self.unpickler_class(io.BytesIO(primed_pickled))
+        primed.memo = unpickler.memo
+        unpickled_data2 = primed.load()
+
+        primed.memo.clear()
+
+        self.assertEqual(unpickled_data2, data)
+        self.assertTrue(unpickled_data2 is unpickled_data1)
+
+    def test_reusing_unpickler_objects(self):
+        data1 = ["abcdefg", "abcdefg", 44]
+        f = io.BytesIO()
+        pickler = self.pickler_class(f)
+        pickler.dump(data1)
+        pickled1 = f.getvalue()
+
+        data2 = ["abcdefg", 44, 44]
+        f = io.BytesIO()
+        pickler = self.pickler_class(f)
+        pickler.dump(data2)
+        pickled2 = f.getvalue()
+
+        f = io.BytesIO()
+        f.write(pickled1)
+        f.seek(0)
+        unpickler = self.unpickler_class(f)
+        self.assertEqual(unpickler.load(), data1)
+
+        f.seek(0)
+        f.truncate()
+        f.write(pickled2)
+        f.seek(0)
+        self.assertEqual(unpickler.load(), data2)
+
+    def _check_multiple_unpicklings(self, ioclass):
+        for proto in protocols:
+            with self.subTest(proto=proto):
+                data1 = [(x, str(x)) for x in range(2000)] + [b"abcde", len]
+                f = ioclass()
+                pickler = self.pickler_class(f, protocol=proto)
+                pickler.dump(data1)
+                pickled = f.getvalue()
+
+                N = 5
+                f = ioclass(pickled * N)
+                unpickler = self.unpickler_class(f)
+                for i in range(N):
+                    if f.seekable():
+                        pos = f.tell()
+                    self.assertEqual(unpickler.load(), data1)
+                    if f.seekable():
+                        self.assertEqual(f.tell(), pos + len(pickled))
+                self.assertRaises(EOFError, unpickler.load)
+
+    def test_multiple_unpicklings_seekable(self):
+        self._check_multiple_unpicklings(io.BytesIO)
+
+    def test_multiple_unpicklings_unseekable(self):
+        self._check_multiple_unpicklings(UnseekableIO)
+
+    def test_unpickling_buffering_readline(self):
+        # Issue #12687: the unpickler's buffering logic could fail with
+        # text mode opcodes.
+        data = list(range(10))
+        for proto in protocols:
+            for buf_size in range(1, 11):
+                f = io.BufferedRandom(io.BytesIO(), buffer_size=buf_size)
+                pickler = self.pickler_class(f, protocol=proto)
+                pickler.dump(data)
+                f.seek(0)
+                unpickler = self.unpickler_class(f)
+                self.assertEqual(unpickler.load(), data)
+
+
+# Tests for dispatch_table attribute
+
+REDUCE_A = 'reduce_A'
+
+class AAA(object):
+    def __reduce__(self):
+        return str, (REDUCE_A,)
+
+class BBB(object):
+    pass
+
+class AbstractDispatchTableTests(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def test_default_dispatch_table(self):
+        # No dispatch_table attribute by default
+        f = io.BytesIO()
+        p = self.pickler_class(f, 0)
+        with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
+            p.dispatch_table
+        self.assertFalse(hasattr(p, 'dispatch_table'))
+
+    def test_class_dispatch_table(self):
+        # A dispatch_table attribute can be specified class-wide
+        dt = self.get_dispatch_table()
+
+        class MyPickler(self.pickler_class):
+            dispatch_table = dt
+
+        def dumps(obj, protocol=None):
+            f = io.BytesIO()
+            p = MyPickler(f, protocol)
+            self.assertEqual(p.dispatch_table, dt)
+            p.dump(obj)
+            return f.getvalue()
+
+        self._test_dispatch_table(dumps, dt)
+
+    def test_instance_dispatch_table(self):
+        # A dispatch_table attribute can also be specified instance-wide
+        dt = self.get_dispatch_table()
+
+        def dumps(obj, protocol=None):
+            f = io.BytesIO()
+            p = self.pickler_class(f, protocol)
+            p.dispatch_table = dt
+            self.assertEqual(p.dispatch_table, dt)
+            p.dump(obj)
+            return f.getvalue()
+
+        self._test_dispatch_table(dumps, dt)
+
+    def _test_dispatch_table(self, dumps, dispatch_table):
+        def custom_load_dump(obj):
+            return pickle.loads(dumps(obj, 0))
+
+        def default_load_dump(obj):
+            return pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(obj, 0))
+
+        # pickling complex numbers using protocol 0 relies on copyreg
+        # so check pickling a complex number still works
+        z = 1 + 2j
+        self.assertEqual(custom_load_dump(z), z)
+        self.assertEqual(default_load_dump(z), z)
+
+        # modify pickling of complex
+        REDUCE_1 = 'reduce_1'
+        def reduce_1(obj):
+            return str, (REDUCE_1,)
+        dispatch_table[complex] = reduce_1
+        self.assertEqual(custom_load_dump(z), REDUCE_1)
+        self.assertEqual(default_load_dump(z), z)
+
+        # check picklability of AAA and BBB
+        a = AAA()
+        b = BBB()
+        self.assertEqual(custom_load_dump(a), REDUCE_A)
+        self.assertIsInstance(custom_load_dump(b), BBB)
+        self.assertEqual(default_load_dump(a), REDUCE_A)
+        self.assertIsInstance(default_load_dump(b), BBB)
+
+        # modify pickling of BBB
+        dispatch_table[BBB] = reduce_1
+        self.assertEqual(custom_load_dump(a), REDUCE_A)
+        self.assertEqual(custom_load_dump(b), REDUCE_1)
+        self.assertEqual(default_load_dump(a), REDUCE_A)
+        self.assertIsInstance(default_load_dump(b), BBB)
+
+        # revert pickling of BBB and modify pickling of AAA
+        REDUCE_2 = 'reduce_2'
+        def reduce_2(obj):
+            return str, (REDUCE_2,)
+        dispatch_table[AAA] = reduce_2
+        del dispatch_table[BBB]
+        self.assertEqual(custom_load_dump(a), REDUCE_2)
+        self.assertIsInstance(custom_load_dump(b), BBB)
+        self.assertEqual(default_load_dump(a), REDUCE_A)
+        self.assertIsInstance(default_load_dump(b), BBB)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    # Print some stuff that can be used to rewrite DATA{0,1,2}
+    from pickletools import dis
+    x = create_data()
+    for i in range(3):
+        p = pickle.dumps(x, i)
+        print("DATA{0} = (".format(i))
+        for j in range(0, len(p), 20):
+            b = bytes(p[j:j+20])
+            print("    {0!r}".format(b))
+        print(")")
+        print()
+        print("# Disassembly of DATA{0}".format(i))
+        print("DATA{0}_DIS = \"\"\"\\".format(i))
+        dis(p)
+        print("\"\"\"")
+        print()