arkaos 4.26.0 → 4.28.0

package/departments/marketing/skills/ai-seo/SKILL.md

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+---
+name: mkt/ai-seo
+description: >
+  Optimize content to be cited and surfaced by AI search engines and LLMs
+  (Google AI Overviews, ChatGPT, Perplexity, Claude, Gemini, Copilot) —
+  answer/generative engine optimization (AEO/GEO), llms.txt, OKF bundles,
+  and extractable structure. Auditoria e otimização de SEO para IA —
+  "aparecer nas respostas do ChatGPT", "ser citado pelos LLMs". TRIGGER:
+  "AI SEO", "AEO", "GEO", "LLMO", "answer engine optimization", "generative
+  engine optimization", "AI Overviews", "optimize for ChatGPT or Perplexity
+  or Claude", "AI citations", "AI visibility", "zero-click search",
+  "llms.txt", "OKF", "Open Knowledge Format", "agent-readable site",
+  "/mkt ai-seo".
+  SKIP: traditional technical/on-page SEO audit -> mkt/seo-audit;
+  structured-data implementation -> mkt/schema-markup; building SEO pages
+  at scale -> mkt/programmatic-seo.
+allowed-tools: [Read, Write, Edit, Bash, Grep, Glob, Agent, WebFetch, WebSearch]
+metadata:
+  origin: community
+  source: https://github.com/coreyhaines31/marketingskills
+  license: MIT
+---
+
+<!-- arka:kb-first-prefix begin -->
+> **KB-first:** query `mcp__obsidian__search_notes` (and
+> `mcp__graphify__query_graph` when configured) and cite `[[wikilinks]]`
+> or graph nodes — or declare the gap — BEFORE any external research.
+> Full doctrine: `arka/SKILL.md` (KB-First Research).
+<!-- arka:kb-first-prefix end -->
+
+# AI SEO — `/mkt ai-seo`
+
+> **Agent:** Ana (SEO Specialist) | **Frameworks:** GEO (Princeton KDD 2024), E-E-A-T, Three Pillars (Structure/Authority/Presence)
+
+**Context:** read the product marketing context first —
+`WizardingCode/Marketing/product-marketing.md` in Obsidian (KB-first),
+else the project-local `.agents/product-marketing.md`. If neither exists,
+offer to run `/mkt product-marketing`.
+
+You are an expert in AI search optimization — the practice of making content discoverable, extractable, and citable by AI systems including Google AI Overviews, ChatGPT, Perplexity, Claude, Gemini, and Copilot. Your goal is to help users get their content cited as a source in AI-generated answers.
+
+## Before Starting
+
+Gather this context (ask if not provided) — beyond the product marketing
+context (see Context above):
+
+### 1. Current AI Visibility
+- Do you know if your brand appears in AI-generated answers today?
+- Have you checked ChatGPT, Perplexity, or Google AI Overviews for your key queries?
+- What queries matter most to your business?
+
+### 2. Content & Domain
+- What type of content do you produce? (Blog, docs, comparisons, product pages)
+- What's your domain authority / traditional SEO strength?
+- Do you have existing structured data (schema markup)?
+
+### 3. Goals
+- Get cited as a source in AI answers?
+- Appear in Google AI Overviews for specific queries?
+- Compete with specific brands already getting cited?
+- Optimize existing content or create new AI-optimized content?
+
+### 4. Competitive Landscape
+- Who are your top competitors in AI search results?
+- Are they being cited where you're not?
+
+---
+
+## How AI Search Works
+
+### The AI Search Landscape
+
+| Platform | How It Works | Source Selection |
+|----------|-------------|----------------|
+| **Google AI Overviews** | Summarizes top-ranking pages | Strong correlation with traditional rankings |
+| **ChatGPT (with search)** | Searches web, cites sources | Draws from wider range, not just top-ranked |
+| **Perplexity** | Always cites sources with links | Favors authoritative, recent, well-structured content |
+| **Gemini** | Google's AI assistant | Pulls from Google index + Knowledge Graph |
+| **Copilot** | Bing-powered AI search | Bing index + authoritative sources |
+| **Claude** | Brave Search (when enabled) | Training data + Brave search results |
+
+For a deep dive on how each platform selects sources and what to optimize per platform, see [references/platform-ranking-factors.md](references/platform-ranking-factors.md).
+
+### Key Difference from Traditional SEO
+
+Traditional SEO gets you ranked. AI SEO gets you **cited**.
+
+In traditional search, you need to rank on page 1. In AI search, a well-structured page can get cited even if it ranks on page 2 or 3 — AI systems select sources based on content quality, structure, and relevance, not just rank position.
+
+**Critical stats:**
+- AI Overviews appear in ~45% of Google searches
+- AI Overviews reduce clicks to websites by up to 58%
+- Brands are 6.5x more likely to be cited via third-party sources than their own domains
+- Optimized content gets cited 3x more often than non-optimized
+- Statistics and citations boost visibility by 40%+ across queries
+
+### Google's Official Stance vs. Multi-Platform Reality
+
+This is important to read once before doing anything else.
+
+**Google's position** ([AI features optimization guide](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/fundamentals/ai-optimization-guide)):
+> "The best practices for SEO continue to be relevant because our generative AI features on Google Search are rooted in our core Search ranking and quality systems."
+
+Google explicitly says:
+- **No special markup or files are required** for AI Overviews or AI Mode
+- **Don't chunk content for AI** — write for people, organize with normal headings and paragraphs
+- **Don't write separate content for AI** — that risks "scaled content abuse" spam policy
+- **Helpful, reliable, people-first content** wins — same E-E-A-T standards as regular Search
+- **No AI-specific Search Console reporting** — use standard SEO metrics
+
+**Other AI engines (ChatGPT, Claude, Perplexity, Copilot) behave differently:**
+- They actively reward extractable structure — passages, FAQs, comparison tables, definition blocks
+- They parse `llms.txt`, structured pricing pages, and machine-readable files when present
+- They cite third-party sources (Reddit, Wikipedia, review sites) more heavily than top-ranked pages
+
+**What this means for the work:**
+- The structural patterns in this skill (40–60 word answer blocks, FAQ schema, comparison tables) help **non-Google AI engines** materially. They also don't hurt Google — they're just normal good content organization.
+- For Google AI Overviews / AI Mode specifically: optimize for people and core Search, full stop. Strong E-E-A-T, original information, semantic HTML, clean indexability.
+- For ChatGPT/Claude/Perplexity: layer on the extractable structure + llms.txt + machine-readable files.
+
+When in doubt, default to "write for people, organize for clarity" — that satisfies both camps.
+
+### Query Fan-Out (Google AI Search)
+
+Google's AI features don't just answer the one query a user typed — they generate **concurrent, related queries** under the hood and retrieve results for each.
+
+Google's own example: a user asking "how to fix lawns" triggers fan-out queries about herbicides, chemical-free removal, weed prevention, etc. The AI synthesizes across all of them.
+
+**Implications:**
+- Single-page-per-keyword targeting is less effective. Cover the **full topical cluster** so you're retrievable for the fan-out variants too.
+- Long-tail intent matters less than topical authority — Google's AI systems understand synonyms and semantic equivalence.
+- A page that comprehensively answers a parent topic (with sub-questions covered) will be retrieved more often than narrow per-query pages.
+
+**Action**: when planning content, brainstorm the 5–10 related queries the AI is likely to fan out to and make sure your content (or your site as a whole) covers them.
+
+---
+
+## AI Visibility Audit
+
+Before optimizing, assess your current AI search presence.
+
+### Step 1: Check AI Answers for Your Key Queries
+
+Test 10-20 of your most important queries across platforms:
+
+| Query | Google AI Overview | ChatGPT | Perplexity | You Cited? | Competitors Cited? |
+|-------|:-----------------:|:-------:|:----------:|:----------:|:-----------------:|
+| [query 1] | Yes/No | Yes/No | Yes/No | Yes/No | [who] |
+| [query 2] | Yes/No | Yes/No | Yes/No | Yes/No | [who] |
+
+**Query types to test:**
+- "What is [your product category]?"
+- "Best [product category] for [use case]"
+- "[Your brand] vs [competitor]"
+- "How to [problem your product solves]"
+- "[Your product category] pricing"
+
+### Step 2: Analyze Citation Patterns
+
+When your competitors get cited and you don't, examine:
+- **Content structure** — Is their content more extractable?
+- **Authority signals** — Do they have more citations, stats, expert quotes?
+- **Freshness** — Is their content more recently updated?
+- **Schema markup** — Do they have structured data you're missing?
+- **Third-party presence** — Are they cited via Wikipedia, Reddit, review sites?
+
+### Step 3: Content Extractability Check
+
+For each priority page, verify:
+
+| Check | Pass/Fail |
+|-------|-----------|
+| Clear definition in first paragraph? | |
+| Self-contained answer blocks (work without surrounding context)? | |
+| Statistics with sources cited? | |
+| Comparison tables for "[X] vs [Y]" queries? | |
+| FAQ section with natural-language questions? | |
+| Schema markup (FAQ, HowTo, Article, Product)? | |
+| Expert attribution (author name, credentials)? | |
+| Recently updated (within 6 months)? | |
+| Heading structure matches query patterns? | |
+| AI bots allowed in robots.txt? | |
+
+### Step 4: AI Bot Access Check
+
+Verify your robots.txt allows AI crawlers. Each AI platform has its own bot, and blocking it means that platform can't cite you:
+
+- **GPTBot** and **ChatGPT-User** — OpenAI (ChatGPT)
+- **PerplexityBot** — Perplexity
+- **ClaudeBot** and **anthropic-ai** — Anthropic (Claude)
+- **Google-Extended** — Google Gemini and AI Overviews
+- **Bingbot** — Microsoft Copilot (via Bing)
+
+Check your robots.txt for `Disallow` rules targeting any of these. If you find them blocked, you have a business decision to make: blocking prevents AI training on your content but also prevents citation. One middle ground is blocking training-only crawlers (like **CCBot** from Common Crawl) while allowing the search bots listed above.
+
+See [references/platform-ranking-factors.md](references/platform-ranking-factors.md) for the full robots.txt configuration.
+
+---
+
+## Optimization Strategy
+
+### The Three Pillars
+
+```
+1. Structure (make it extractable)
+2. Authority (make it citable)
+3. Presence (be where AI looks)
+```
+
+### Pillar 1: Structure — Make Content Extractable
+
+AI systems extract passages, not pages. Every key claim should work as a standalone statement.
+
+**Content block patterns:**
+- **Definition blocks** for "What is X?" queries
+- **Step-by-step blocks** for "How to X" queries
+- **Comparison tables** for "X vs Y" queries
+- **Pros/cons blocks** for evaluation queries
+- **FAQ blocks** for common questions
+- **Statistic blocks** with cited sources
+
+For detailed templates for each block type, see [references/content-patterns.md](references/content-patterns.md).
+
+**Structural rules:**
+- Lead every section with a direct answer (don't bury it)
+- Keep key answer passages to 40-60 words (optimal for snippet extraction)
+- Use H2/H3 headings that match how people phrase queries
+- Tables beat prose for comparison content
+- Numbered lists beat paragraphs for process content
+- Each paragraph should convey one clear idea
+
+### Pillar 2: Authority — Make Content Citable
+
+AI systems prefer sources they can trust. Build citation-worthiness.
+
+**The Princeton GEO research** (KDD 2024, studied across Perplexity.ai) ranked 9 optimization methods:
+
+| Method | Visibility Boost | How to Apply |
+|--------|:---------------:|--------------|
+| **Cite sources** | +40% | Add authoritative references with links |
+| **Add statistics** | +37% | Include specific numbers with sources |
+| **Add quotations** | +30% | Expert quotes with name and title |
+| **Authoritative tone** | +25% | Write with demonstrated expertise |
+| **Improve clarity** | +20% | Simplify complex concepts |
+| **Technical terms** | +18% | Use domain-specific terminology |
+| **Unique vocabulary** | +15% | Increase word diversity |
+| **Fluency optimization** | +15-30% | Improve readability and flow |
+| ~~Keyword stuffing~~ | **-10%** | **Actively hurts AI visibility** |
+
+**Best combination:** Fluency + Statistics = maximum boost. Low-ranking sites benefit even more — up to 115% visibility increase with citations.
+
+**Statistics and data** (+37-40% citation boost)
+- Include specific numbers with sources
+- Cite original research, not summaries of research
+- Add dates to all statistics
+- Original data beats aggregated data
+
+**Expert attribution** (+25-30% citation boost)
+- Named authors with credentials
+- Expert quotes with titles and organizations
+- "According to [Source]" framing for claims
+- Author bios with relevant expertise
+
+**Freshness signals**
+- "Last updated: [date]" prominently displayed
+- Regular content refreshes (quarterly minimum for competitive topics)
+- Current year references and recent statistics
+- Remove or update outdated information
+
+**E-E-A-T alignment**
+- First-hand experience demonstrated
+- Specific, detailed information (not generic)
+- Transparent sourcing and methodology
+- Clear author expertise for the topic
+
+### Pillar 3: Presence — Be Where AI Looks
+
+AI systems don't just cite your website — they cite where you appear.
+
+**Third-party sources matter more than your own site:**
+- Wikipedia mentions (7.8% of all ChatGPT citations)
+- Reddit discussions (1.8% of ChatGPT citations)
+- Industry publications and guest posts
+- Review sites (G2, Capterra, TrustRadius for B2B SaaS)
+- YouTube (frequently cited by Google AI Overviews)
+- Quora answers
+
+**Actions:**
+- Ensure your Wikipedia page is accurate and current
+- Participate authentically in Reddit communities
+- Get featured in industry roundups and comparison articles
+- Maintain updated profiles on relevant review platforms
+- Create YouTube content for key how-to queries
+- Answer relevant Quora questions with depth
+
+### Machine-Readable Files for AI Agents
+
+> **Google's stance**: not required for AI Overviews or AI Mode. Their guide explicitly says you don't need new markup, AI files, or markdown to appear in generative AI search.
+>
+> **Why include them anyway**: non-Google AI engines (ChatGPT, Claude, Perplexity) and autonomous buying agents do reward extractable structure. The files below help with those engines without harming Google.
+
+AI agents aren't just answering questions — they're becoming buyers. When an AI agent evaluates tools on behalf of a user, it needs structured, parseable information. If your pricing is locked in a JavaScript-rendered page or a "contact sales" wall, agents will skip you and recommend competitors whose information they can actually read.
+
+Add these machine-readable files to your site root:
+
+**`/pricing.md` or `/pricing.txt`** — Structured pricing data for AI agents
+
+```markdown
+# Pricing — [Your Product Name]
+
+## Free
+- Price: $0/month
+- Limits: 100 emails/month, 1 user
+- Features: Basic templates, API access
+
+## Pro
+- Price: $29/month (billed annually) | $35/month (billed monthly)
+- Limits: 10,000 emails/month, 5 users
+- Features: Custom domains, analytics, priority support
+
+## Enterprise
+- Price: Custom — contact sales@example.com
+- Limits: Unlimited emails, unlimited users
+- Features: SSO, SLA, dedicated account manager
+```
+
+**Why this matters now:**
+- AI agents increasingly compare products programmatically before a human ever visits your site
+- Opaque pricing gets filtered out of AI-mediated buying journeys
+- A simple markdown file is trivially parseable by any LLM — no rendering, no JavaScript, no login walls
+- Same principle as `robots.txt` (for crawlers), `llms.txt` (for AI context), and `AGENTS.md` (for agent capabilities)
+
+**Best practices:**
+- Use consistent units (monthly vs. annual, per-seat vs. flat)
+- Include specific limits and thresholds, not just feature names
+- List what's included at each tier, not just what's different
+- Keep it updated — stale pricing is worse than no file
+- Link to it from your sitemap and main pricing page
+
+**`/llms.txt`** — Context file for AI systems (see [llmstxt.org](https://llmstxt.org))
+
+If you don't have one yet, add an `llms.txt` that gives AI systems a quick overview of what your product does, who it's for, and links to key pages (including your pricing).
+
+**`/okf/` — Open Knowledge Format bundle (Google-backed, v0.1)**
+
+Google [introduced OKF](https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/data-analytics/how-the-open-knowledge-format-can-improve-data-sharing) in June 2026 — a markdown spec for representing site content as a directory of cross-linked files with YAML frontmatter, agent-readable without scraping. Built primarily for data-team catalog metadata; the site-readable-by-agents repurposing was popularized by Suganthan Mohanadasan. No confirmed AI-search ranking signal today — treat it as protocol-layer registration like early schema.org. **For the full breakdown, implementation paths (free generator, WordPress plugin, by-hand), hosting guidance, and when to skip, see [references/okf.md](references/okf.md).**
+
+### Schema Markup for AI
+
+Structured data helps AI systems understand your content. Key schemas:
+
+| Content Type | Schema | Why It Helps |
+|-------------|--------|-------------|
+| Articles/Blog posts | `Article`, `BlogPosting` | Author, date, topic identification |
+| How-to content | `HowTo` | Step extraction for process queries |
+| FAQs | `FAQPage` | Direct Q&A extraction |
+| Products | `Product` | Pricing, features, reviews |
+| Comparisons | `ItemList` | Structured comparison data |
+| Reviews | `Review`, `AggregateRating` | Trust signals |
+| Organization | `Organization` | Entity recognition |
+
+Content with proper schema shows 30-40% higher AI visibility on non-Google AI engines. **Google's note**: structured data is "not required for generative AI search" but is recommended for overall SEO strategy. For implementation, use the **schema** skill.
+
+---
+
+## Agentic Experiences
+
+Beyond AI search engines summarizing content, autonomous agents are starting to access sites directly — clicking, reading, comparing, even buying on behalf of users. Google's guide flags this as an emerging category to plan for.
+
+**How agents access your site:**
+- **Visual rendering** — they screenshot/read the page like a user would
+- **DOM inspection** — they parse the page's HTML structure
+- **Accessibility tree** — they rely on the same semantic information assistive tech uses (labels, roles, landmarks, headings)
+
+**What to do:**
+- **Render meaningful content without heavy JS gymnastics** — if the page is blank until 4 frameworks finish loading, agents see blank
+- **Semantic HTML** — use `<main>`, `<nav>`, `<article>`, `<button>`, proper heading hierarchy, `alt` text on images
+- **Clean accessibility tree** — every interactive element labelled; ARIA used correctly (or not at all when native HTML suffices)
+- **Stable selectors / predictable layouts** — agents struggle with sites that re-render every interaction
+- **Visible pricing, specs, contact info** — anything an agent would need to make a buying recommendation should be on a public, indexable page (this is where `/pricing.md` and similar files help)
+
+**Emerging — Universal Commerce Protocol (UCP):**
+Google references UCP as a forthcoming protocol that will give agents standardized hooks for commerce interactions (catalog discovery, pricing, checkout). Watch for adoption; for now, the structural recommendations above are the precursor.
+
+For ecom and local business specifically, Google highlights:
+- **Merchant Center feeds** + **Google Business Profile** for product/service visibility in AI Search
+- **Business Agent** for conversational customer engagement (where applicable)
+
+---
+
+## Content Types That Get Cited Most
+
+Not all content is equally citable. Prioritize these formats:
+
+| Content Type | Citation Share | Why AI Cites It |
+|-------------|:------------:|----------------|
+| **Comparison articles** | ~33% | Structured, balanced, high-intent |
+| **Definitive guides** | ~15% | Comprehensive, authoritative |
+| **Original research/data** | ~12% | Unique, citable statistics |
+| **Best-of/listicles** | ~10% | Clear structure, entity-rich |
+| **Product pages** | ~10% | Specific details AI can extract |
+| **How-to guides** | ~8% | Step-by-step structure |
+| **Opinion/analysis** | ~10% | Expert perspective, quotable |
+
+**Underperformers for AI citation:**
+- Generic blog posts without structure
+- Thin product pages with marketing fluff
+- Gated content (AI can't access it)
+- Content without dates or author attribution
+- PDF-only content (harder for AI to parse)
+
+**Citation ≠ recommendation.** Getting cited means your content was useful to consult; getting *recommended* — onto the buyer's actual shortlist — is governed by web-wide consensus (reviews, forums, analysts, press) and is largely independent of your own content. Self-promotional "best [category]" listicles can even backfire for emerging brands: in one 100-query B2B study, 69% of the AI Overview citations that self-promotional listicles earned came in answers that recommended competitors instead of the publishing brand. See [references/citations-vs-recommendations.md](references/citations-vs-recommendations.md) for the visibility ladder (retrieved → cited → mentioned → recommended), stage-dependent buyer's-guide strategy, what earns recommendations, and the attribution blind spot.
+
+---
+
+## Monitoring AI Visibility
+
+### What to Track
+
+| Metric | What It Measures | How to Check |
+|--------|-----------------|-------------|
+| AI Overview presence | Do AI Overviews appear for your queries? | Manual check or Semrush/Ahrefs |
+| Brand citation rate | How often you're cited in AI answers | AI visibility tools (see below) |
+| Share of AI voice | Your citations vs. competitors | Peec AI, Otterly, ZipTie |
+| Citation sentiment | How AI describes your brand | Manual review + monitoring tools |
+| Recommendation rate | Whether you're on the shortlist, not just cited (see [citations-vs-recommendations.md](references/citations-vs-recommendations.md)) | Prompt tracking + mention framing |
+| Source attribution | Which of your pages get cited | Track referral traffic from AI sources |
+
+### AI Visibility Monitoring Tools
+
+| Tool | Coverage | Best For |
+|------|----------|----------|
+| **Otterly AI** | ChatGPT, Perplexity, Google AI Overviews | Share of AI voice tracking |
+| **Peec AI** | ChatGPT, Gemini, Perplexity, Claude, Copilot+ | Multi-platform monitoring at scale |
+| **ZipTie** | Google AI Overviews, ChatGPT, Perplexity | Brand mention + sentiment tracking |
+| **LLMrefs** | ChatGPT, Perplexity, AI Overviews, Gemini | SEO keyword → AI visibility mapping |
+
+### DIY Monitoring (No Tools)
+
+Monthly manual check:
+1. Pick your top 20 queries
+2. Run each through ChatGPT, Perplexity, and Google
+3. Record: Are you cited? Who is? What page?
+4. Log in a spreadsheet, track month-over-month
+
+### Search Console expectations
+
+Google's guide is explicit: **there is no AI-specific Search Console reporting**. AI Overviews and AI Mode use core Search ranking, so the standard Search Console reports (Performance, Coverage, Core Web Vitals) are still what you measure with for Google. The third-party tools above are the only way to see cross-platform AI citation behavior.
+
+---
+
+## What NOT to Do
+
+Google's guide calls these out explicitly — they hurt across both traditional Search and AI features.
+
+1. **Write separate content "for AI"**. Same content should serve people and AI. Writing variants targeted at AI systems risks the **scaled content abuse spam policy** — Google's words.
+2. **Chunk pages into AI-bait fragments**. Google's guide is direct: *"Don't break your content into tiny pieces for AI to better understand it."* Use normal paragraph + heading structure.
+3. **Generate at scale for ranking manipulation**. AI-generated content is fine *if* it meets Search Essentials and spam policies. Mass-producing thin variations does not.
+4. **Pursue inauthentic mentions**. Don't fabricate citations or bulk-spam Reddit/Wikipedia for AI visibility. Real participation only.
+5. **Block AI crawlers if you want citation**. Blocking GPTBot, PerplexityBot, ClaudeBot, Google-Extended means those engines literally cannot cite you. Block training-only crawlers (CCBot) if you must, not the search-and-cite ones.
+6. **Hide your main content behind JS that doesn't render**. Both core Search and AI agents need to see your content; JS-only rendering loses both audiences.
+7. **Skip E-E-A-T fundamentals**. Author identity, first-hand experience, expertise signals, transparent sourcing — Google's guide leans heavily on these for AI features.
+
+---
+
+## AI SEO by Content Type
+
+For tactical guidance on SaaS product pages, blog content, comparison/alternative pages, documentation, and local/ecom (Google's emphasis on Merchant Center + Business Profile), see [references/content-types.md](references/content-types.md).
+
+---
+
+## Common Mistakes
+
+- **Ignoring AI search entirely** — ~45% of Google searches now show AI Overviews, and ChatGPT/Perplexity are growing fast
+- **Treating AI SEO as separate from SEO** — Good traditional SEO is the foundation; AI SEO adds structure and authority on top
+- **Writing for AI, not humans** — If content reads like it was written to game an algorithm, it won't get cited or convert
+- **No freshness signals** — Undated content loses to dated content because AI systems weight recency heavily. Show when content was last updated
+- **Gating all content** — AI can't access gated content. Keep your most authoritative content open
+- **Ignoring third-party presence** — You may get more AI citations from a Wikipedia mention than from your own blog
+- **No structured data** — Schema markup gives AI systems structured context about your content
+- **Keyword stuffing** — Unlike traditional SEO where it's just ineffective, keyword stuffing actively reduces AI visibility by 10% (Princeton GEO study)
+- **Hiding pricing behind "contact sales" or JS-rendered pages** — AI agents evaluating your product on behalf of buyers can't parse what they can't read. Add a `/pricing.md` file
+- **Blocking AI bots** — If GPTBot, PerplexityBot, or ClaudeBot are blocked in robots.txt, those platforms can't cite you
+- **Generic content without data** — "We're the best" won't get cited. "Our customers see 3x improvement in [metric]" will
+- **Forgetting to monitor** — You can't improve what you don't measure. Check AI visibility monthly at minimum
+
+---
+
+## Tool Integrations
+
+For implementation, see the [tools registry](../../tools/REGISTRY.md).
+
+| Tool | Use For |
+|------|---------|
+| `semrush` | AI Overview tracking, keyword research, content gap analysis |
+| `ahrefs` | Backlink analysis, content explorer, AI Overview data |
+| `gsc` | Search Console performance data, query tracking |
+| `ga4` | Referral traffic from AI sources |
+
+---
+
+## Task-Specific Questions
+
+1. What are your top 10-20 most important queries?
+2. Have you checked if AI answers exist for those queries today?
+3. Do you have structured data (schema markup) on your site?
+4. What content types do you publish? (Blog, docs, comparisons, etc.)
+5. Are competitors being cited by AI where you're not?
+6. Do you have a Wikipedia page or presence on review sites?
+
+---
+
+## Related ArkaOS skills
+
+- **`mkt/seo-audit`** — traditional technical and on-page SEO audits.
+- **`mkt/schema-markup`** — structured data that helps AI understand your content.
+- **`mkt/content-strategy`** — planning what content to create.
+- **`mkt/competitor-analysis`** — building comparison pages that get cited.
+- **`mkt/programmatic-seo`** — building SEO pages at scale.
+- **`landing/copy-framework`** — content that's both human-readable and AI-extractable.

package/departments/marketing/skills/ai-seo/references/citations-vs-recommendations.md

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+# Citations vs. Recommendations: The AI Visibility Ladder
+
+Being cited by an AI engine and being recommended by it are **two different outcomes governed by two different systems**. A citation means your page was useful enough to pull information from. A recommendation means the model put your brand on the buyer's shortlist. Optimizing for the first does not automatically earn the second — and for smaller brands, conflating them leads to content strategies that can actively help competitors.
+
+Source note: the analysis and data in this reference draw on Lily Ray's (Amsive) 2026 study of B2B "best [category] software" queries, behavioral studies by Scrunch and SimilarWeb, and commentary by John-Henry Scherck (Growth Plays).
+
+---
+
+## The Visibility Ladder
+
+AI visibility is a ladder, not a binary. Each rung has different selection criteria and different measurement:
+
+| Rung | What it means | What governs it | How to see it |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| **1. Retrieved** | The model read your content while building its answer, without citing it | Crawlability, parseable structure, query relevance | Mostly invisible; bot logs hint at it |
+| **2. Cited** | Your page appears as a source in the answer | Content usefulness: structure, statistics, clarity, freshness | Prompt-tracking tools, AI Overview source lists |
+| **3. Mentioned** | Your brand is named in the answer text | Entity recognition + how the web talks about you | Prompt-tracking tools |
+| **4. Recommended** | Your product is on the shortlist the buyer actually considers | **Aggregate web consensus** — reviews, forums, analysts, press, video — largely independent of your own content | Prompt tracking + the framing around the mention |
+
+Rungs 1–3 are legitimate signals your content is working, and most prompt-tracking tools report them. But rung 4 is where buying behavior changes, and it's earned differently: **citation is about whether your content is useful to consult; recommendation is mostly a reflection of what the broader web says about you** — whether you published a guide on the topic or not.
+
+There is also a shadow rung: **recommended against**. On detailed, requirements-heavy prompts, models increasingly name products a buyer should *avoid* for their use case, with sources. The downside of weak third-party consensus is no longer just absence from the shortlist — it can be an explicit rule-out. This makes monitoring the *framing* around your mentions (favorable / neutral / hedged / negative), not just counting them, part of the job.
+
+---
+
+## The Self-Promotional Listicle Risk
+
+The common tactic — publish a "best [category] software" guide, rank yourself #1, and let it shape both organic search and AI answers — now has a stage-dependent payoff.
+
+**The data:** Lily Ray (Amsive) analyzed 100 B2B "best [category] software" queries across three dates in spring 2026. Across the dataset, self-promotional listicles earned 323 citations in AI Overviews — and in 224 of them (**69% of the citations**), the answer left the publishing brand out of the recommendations, pointing buyers to competitors instead.
+
+**The mechanism:** the model treats your guide as a source about the *category*. It happily extracts the competitor names, comparisons, and evaluation criteria you compiled — then makes its recommendation from web-wide consensus, where the established players dominate. For an emerging brand, a self-promotional buyer's guide can function as **a vote for your competitors**: you did the research that helps the model describe them.
+
+**The split by stage:**
+
+- **Established category leaders** get both outcomes. Their guides earn citations *and* their brands get recommended — because analysts, review sites, and forum discussions already validate them. For leaders, a definitive buyer's guide is highly advantageous: it shapes how the whole category (competitors included) gets described.
+- **Emerging brands** may win the citation and even shape the category's framing, but miss the recommendation. That's not a wasted outcome — influencing how an LLM defines the category and its evaluation criteria is real positioning work — but it is not the shortlist placement the tactic promises.
+
+**What this changes (and doesn't):** genuinely useful buyer's guides still belong in a B2B content strategy at any stage. What changes is the expectation and the investment split. If you're not yet the consensus pick, weight effort toward the offsite signals that actually govern recommendations (below) rather than publishing a plethora of self-ranked listicles.
+
+---
+
+## What Earns Recommendations
+
+Recommendation is a consensus signal. The inputs the models weigh live mostly off your site:
+
+| Channel | Why it moves recommendations | Related skill |
+|---|---|---|
+| **Review platforms** (G2, Capterra, TrustRadius, app stores) | Third-party validation models treat as evidence of legitimacy | customer-research (review generation loops) |
+| **Analyst coverage** (Gartner, Forrester, industry reports) | High-authority category framing; models echo analyst shortlists | public-relations |
+| **Communities and forums** (Reddit, HN, Slack/Discord, niche forums) | Unprompted practitioner discussion is heavily retrieved and hard to fake | community-marketing |
+| **Earned media and PR** | Independent sources repeating your positioning beyond your own site | public-relations |
+| **Video and podcasts** | Increasingly retrieved; transcripts carry brand + category associations | video, social |
+
+The test to apply before investing in another self-ranked guide: *if a model ignored everything on our domain, would the rest of the web still put us on the shortlist?* If not, that gap is the priority. AEO discourse often stops at "are we in the answer?" — the better question is "are we credible enough to be recommended?"
+
+The encouraging flip side: earning an AI recommendation is harder to game than a top search ranking ever was. The durable strategy is the same at every stage — be the best fit for a clear set of buyers, and give those buyers reasons to talk about you in public, where the models can retrieve it.
+
+---
+
+## What a Recommendation Is Worth
+
+Two behavioral studies quantified the gap between rungs:
+
+- **Scrunch** (opt-in panel linking AI conversations to subsequent web behavior, compared against each user's own baseline — observational, not a controlled experiment): a genuine recommendation ("a great option is X") was associated with people searching for, visiting, and evaluating a brand **about twice as often** as a passing mention. For users with no recent observed engagement with the brand, a recommendation was followed within a week by **+182% branded searches, +117% site visits, and +185% product views**.
+- **SimilarWeb** (thousands of real user journeys, seven days post-answer): when ChatGPT recommended a brand, it received **roughly 2.5× more new visitors** the following week than the competitors left off the list.
+
+**The attribution blind spot:** in the SimilarWeb data, only about **9%** of those post-recommendation visits arrived as visible AI referral traffic; the largest share arrived via branded search, with direct and other channels making up the rest — indistinguishable from ordinary organic visitors. AI recommendations are already sending real, engaged buyers, but standard attribution underreports the AI touch.
+
+**Measurement triad** (no single signal is complete; together they give a reliable read):
+
+1. **AI prompt tracking** — whether and how you're mentioned/recommended in LLM answers, even when no click ever lands (tools in SKILL.md's Monitoring section). Track the framing around mentions — recommended, neutral, hedged, or recommended-against — not just the count.
+2. **Self-reported attribution** — a "how did you hear about us?" field catches buyers whose journey started in an AI chat but arrived via branded search or direct.
+3. **Sales call recordings** — buyers' own language often reveals an AI conversation shaped the shortlist long before any form fill.
+
+Also watch **branded search volume** as a proxy: sustained lifts without a matching campaign are increasingly AI-influence showing up under another name.
+
+---
+
+## Applying This
+
+- **Auditing an established brand:** buyer's guides and comparison content are high-leverage — publish the definitive version and shape the category's evaluation criteria.
+- **Auditing an emerging brand:** publish the genuinely useful guides your ICP needs, but set expectations (citation and framing, not near-term recommendation) and rebalance investment toward reviews, communities, analysts, and earned media.
+- **Reporting:** report the ladder, not a single "AI visibility" number — retrieved/cited/mentioned/recommended plus mention framing. A rising citation count with a flat recommendation rate is a specific, diagnosable gap: the web doesn't yet corroborate your content.
+- **Risk check:** for requirements-heavy queries in your category, check whether models recommend *against* you, and trace the sources they cite when they do.