wasmtime 9.0.4 → 10.0.0

data/ext/cargo-vendor/encoding_rs-0.8.32/src/mem.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,3354 @@
+// Copyright Mozilla Foundation. See the COPYRIGHT
+// file at the top-level directory of this distribution.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
+// https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
+// <LICENSE-MIT or https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
+// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
+// except according to those terms.
+
+//! Functions for converting between different in-RAM representations of text
+//! and for quickly checking if the Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm can be
+//! avoided.
+//!
+//! By using slices for output, the functions here seek to enable by-register
+//! (ALU register or SIMD register as available) operations in order to
+//! outperform iterator-based conversions available in the Rust standard
+//! library.
+//!
+//! _Note:_ "Latin1" in this module refers to the Unicode range from U+0000 to
+//! U+00FF, inclusive, and does not refer to the windows-1252 range. This
+//! in-memory encoding is sometimes used as a storage optimization of text
+//! when UTF-16 indexing and length semantics are exposed.
+//!
+//! The FFI binding for this module are in the
+//! [encoding_c_mem crate](https://github.com/hsivonen/encoding_c_mem).
+
+#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
+use alloc::borrow::Cow;
+#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
+use alloc::string::String;
+#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
+use alloc::vec::Vec;
+
+use super::in_inclusive_range16;
+use super::in_inclusive_range32;
+use super::in_inclusive_range8;
+use super::in_range16;
+use super::in_range32;
+use super::DecoderResult;
+use crate::ascii::*;
+use crate::utf_8::*;
+
+macro_rules! non_fuzz_debug_assert {
+    ($($arg:tt)*) => (if !cfg!(fuzzing) { debug_assert!($($arg)*); })
+}
+
+cfg_if! {
+    if #[cfg(feature = "simd-accel")] {
+        use ::core::intrinsics::likely;
+        use ::core::intrinsics::unlikely;
+    } else {
+        #[inline(always)]
+        fn likely(b: bool) -> bool {
+            b
+        }
+        #[inline(always)]
+        fn unlikely(b: bool) -> bool {
+            b
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Classification of text as Latin1 (all code points are below U+0100),
+/// left-to-right with some non-Latin1 characters or as containing at least
+/// some right-to-left characters.
+#[must_use]
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[repr(C)]
+pub enum Latin1Bidi {
+    /// Every character is below U+0100.
+    Latin1 = 0,
+    /// There is at least one character that's U+0100 or higher, but there
+    /// are no right-to-left characters.
+    LeftToRight = 1,
+    /// There is at least one right-to-left character.
+    Bidi = 2,
+}
+
+// `as` truncates, so works on 32-bit, too.
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+const LATIN1_MASK: usize = 0xFF00_FF00_FF00_FF00u64 as usize;
+
+#[allow(unused_macros)]
+macro_rules! by_unit_check_alu {
+    ($name:ident, $unit:ty, $bound:expr, $mask:ident) => {
+        #[cfg_attr(feature = "cargo-clippy", allow(cast_ptr_alignment))]
+        #[inline(always)]
+        fn $name(buffer: &[$unit]) -> bool {
+            let mut offset = 0usize;
+            let mut accu = 0usize;
+            let unit_size = ::core::mem::size_of::<$unit>();
+            let len = buffer.len();
+            if len >= ALU_ALIGNMENT / unit_size {
+                // The most common reason to return `false` is for the first code
+                // unit to fail the test, so check that first.
+                if buffer[0] >= $bound {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                let src = buffer.as_ptr();
+                let mut until_alignment = ((ALU_ALIGNMENT - ((src as usize) & ALU_ALIGNMENT_MASK))
+                    & ALU_ALIGNMENT_MASK)
+                    / unit_size;
+                if until_alignment + ALU_ALIGNMENT / unit_size <= len {
+                    if until_alignment != 0 {
+                        accu |= buffer[offset] as usize;
+                        offset += 1;
+                        until_alignment -= 1;
+                        while until_alignment != 0 {
+                            accu |= buffer[offset] as usize;
+                            offset += 1;
+                            until_alignment -= 1;
+                        }
+                        if accu >= $bound {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    let len_minus_stride = len - ALU_ALIGNMENT / unit_size;
+                    if offset + (4 * (ALU_ALIGNMENT / unit_size)) <= len {
+                        let len_minus_unroll = len - (4 * (ALU_ALIGNMENT / unit_size));
+                        loop {
+                            let unroll_accu = unsafe { *(src.add(offset) as *const usize) }
+                                | unsafe {
+                                    *(src.add(offset + (ALU_ALIGNMENT / unit_size)) as *const usize)
+                                }
+                                | unsafe {
+                                    *(src.add(offset + (2 * (ALU_ALIGNMENT / unit_size)))
+                                        as *const usize)
+                                }
+                                | unsafe {
+                                    *(src.add(offset + (3 * (ALU_ALIGNMENT / unit_size)))
+                                        as *const usize)
+                                };
+                            if unroll_accu & $mask != 0 {
+                                return false;
+                            }
+                            offset += 4 * (ALU_ALIGNMENT / unit_size);
+                            if offset > len_minus_unroll {
+                                break;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    while offset <= len_minus_stride {
+                        accu |= unsafe { *(src.add(offset) as *const usize) };
+                        offset += ALU_ALIGNMENT / unit_size;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            for &unit in &buffer[offset..] {
+                accu |= unit as usize;
+            }
+            accu & $mask == 0
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+#[allow(unused_macros)]
+macro_rules! by_unit_check_simd {
+    ($name:ident, $unit:ty, $splat:expr, $simd_ty:ty, $bound:expr, $func:ident) => {
+        #[inline(always)]
+        fn $name(buffer: &[$unit]) -> bool {
+            let mut offset = 0usize;
+            let mut accu = 0usize;
+            let unit_size = ::core::mem::size_of::<$unit>();
+            let len = buffer.len();
+            if len >= SIMD_STRIDE_SIZE / unit_size {
+                // The most common reason to return `false` is for the first code
+                // unit to fail the test, so check that first.
+                if buffer[0] >= $bound {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                let src = buffer.as_ptr();
+                let mut until_alignment = ((SIMD_ALIGNMENT
+                    - ((src as usize) & SIMD_ALIGNMENT_MASK))
+                    & SIMD_ALIGNMENT_MASK)
+                    / unit_size;
+                if until_alignment + SIMD_STRIDE_SIZE / unit_size <= len {
+                    if until_alignment != 0 {
+                        accu |= buffer[offset] as usize;
+                        offset += 1;
+                        until_alignment -= 1;
+                        while until_alignment != 0 {
+                            accu |= buffer[offset] as usize;
+                            offset += 1;
+                            until_alignment -= 1;
+                        }
+                        if accu >= $bound {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    let len_minus_stride = len - SIMD_STRIDE_SIZE / unit_size;
+                    if offset + (4 * (SIMD_STRIDE_SIZE / unit_size)) <= len {
+                        let len_minus_unroll = len - (4 * (SIMD_STRIDE_SIZE / unit_size));
+                        loop {
+                            let unroll_accu = unsafe { *(src.add(offset) as *const $simd_ty) }
+                                | unsafe {
+                                    *(src.add(offset + (SIMD_STRIDE_SIZE / unit_size))
+                                        as *const $simd_ty)
+                                }
+                                | unsafe {
+                                    *(src.add(offset + (2 * (SIMD_STRIDE_SIZE / unit_size)))
+                                        as *const $simd_ty)
+                                }
+                                | unsafe {
+                                    *(src.add(offset + (3 * (SIMD_STRIDE_SIZE / unit_size)))
+                                        as *const $simd_ty)
+                                };
+                            if !$func(unroll_accu) {
+                                return false;
+                            }
+                            offset += 4 * (SIMD_STRIDE_SIZE / unit_size);
+                            if offset > len_minus_unroll {
+                                break;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    let mut simd_accu = $splat;
+                    while offset <= len_minus_stride {
+                        simd_accu = simd_accu | unsafe { *(src.add(offset) as *const $simd_ty) };
+                        offset += SIMD_STRIDE_SIZE / unit_size;
+                    }
+                    if !$func(simd_accu) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            for &unit in &buffer[offset..] {
+                accu |= unit as usize;
+            }
+            accu < $bound
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+cfg_if! {
+    if #[cfg(all(feature = "simd-accel", any(target_feature = "sse2", all(target_endian = "little", target_arch = "aarch64"), all(target_endian = "little", target_feature = "neon"))))] {
+        use crate::simd_funcs::*;
+        use packed_simd::u8x16;
+        use packed_simd::u16x8;
+
+        const SIMD_ALIGNMENT: usize = 16;
+
+        const SIMD_ALIGNMENT_MASK: usize = 15;
+
+        by_unit_check_simd!(is_ascii_impl, u8, u8x16::splat(0), u8x16, 0x80, simd_is_ascii);
+        by_unit_check_simd!(is_basic_latin_impl, u16, u16x8::splat(0), u16x8, 0x80, simd_is_basic_latin);
+        by_unit_check_simd!(is_utf16_latin1_impl, u16, u16x8::splat(0), u16x8, 0x100, simd_is_latin1);
+
+        #[inline(always)]
+        fn utf16_valid_up_to_impl(buffer: &[u16]) -> usize {
+            // This function is a mess, because it simultaneously tries to do
+            // only aligned SIMD (perhaps misguidedly) and needs to deal with
+            // the last code unit in a SIMD stride being part of a valid
+            // surrogate pair.
+            let unit_size = ::core::mem::size_of::<u16>();
+            let src = buffer.as_ptr();
+            let len = buffer.len();
+            let mut offset = 0usize;
+            'outer: loop {
+                let until_alignment = ((SIMD_ALIGNMENT - ((unsafe { src.add(offset) } as usize) & SIMD_ALIGNMENT_MASK)) &
+                                        SIMD_ALIGNMENT_MASK) / unit_size;
+                if until_alignment == 0 {
+                    if offset + SIMD_STRIDE_SIZE / unit_size > len {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    let offset_plus_until_alignment = offset + until_alignment;
+                    let offset_plus_until_alignment_plus_one = offset_plus_until_alignment + 1;
+                    if offset_plus_until_alignment_plus_one + SIMD_STRIDE_SIZE / unit_size > len {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    let (up_to, last_valid_low) = utf16_valid_up_to_alu(&buffer[offset..offset_plus_until_alignment_plus_one]);
+                    if up_to < until_alignment {
+                        return offset + up_to;
+                    }
+                    if last_valid_low {
+                        offset = offset_plus_until_alignment_plus_one;
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    offset = offset_plus_until_alignment;
+                }
+                let len_minus_stride = len - SIMD_STRIDE_SIZE / unit_size;
+                loop {
+                    let offset_plus_stride = offset + SIMD_STRIDE_SIZE / unit_size;
+                    if contains_surrogates(unsafe { *(src.add(offset) as *const u16x8) }) {
+                        if offset_plus_stride == len {
+                            break 'outer;
+                        }
+                        let offset_plus_stride_plus_one = offset_plus_stride + 1;
+                        let (up_to, last_valid_low) = utf16_valid_up_to_alu(&buffer[offset..offset_plus_stride_plus_one]);
+                        if up_to < SIMD_STRIDE_SIZE / unit_size {
+                            return offset + up_to;
+                        }
+                        if last_valid_low {
+                            offset = offset_plus_stride_plus_one;
+                            continue 'outer;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    offset = offset_plus_stride;
+                    if offset > len_minus_stride {
+                        break 'outer;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            let (up_to, _) = utf16_valid_up_to_alu(&buffer[offset..]);
+            offset + up_to
+        }
+    } else {
+        by_unit_check_alu!(is_ascii_impl, u8, 0x80, ASCII_MASK);
+        by_unit_check_alu!(is_basic_latin_impl, u16, 0x80, BASIC_LATIN_MASK);
+        by_unit_check_alu!(is_utf16_latin1_impl, u16, 0x100, LATIN1_MASK);
+
+        #[inline(always)]
+        fn utf16_valid_up_to_impl(buffer: &[u16]) -> usize {
+            let (up_to, _) = utf16_valid_up_to_alu(buffer);
+            up_to
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// The second return value is true iff the last code unit of the slice was
+/// reached and turned out to be a low surrogate that is part of a valid pair.
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "cargo-clippy", allow(collapsible_if))]
+#[inline(always)]
+fn utf16_valid_up_to_alu(buffer: &[u16]) -> (usize, bool) {
+    let len = buffer.len();
+    if len == 0 {
+        return (0, false);
+    }
+    let mut offset = 0usize;
+    loop {
+        let unit = buffer[offset];
+        let next = offset + 1;
+        let unit_minus_surrogate_start = unit.wrapping_sub(0xD800);
+        if unit_minus_surrogate_start > (0xDFFF - 0xD800) {
+            // Not a surrogate
+            offset = next;
+            if offset == len {
+                return (offset, false);
+            }
+            continue;
+        }
+        if unit_minus_surrogate_start <= (0xDBFF - 0xD800) {
+            // high surrogate
+            if next < len {
+                let second = buffer[next];
+                let second_minus_low_surrogate_start = second.wrapping_sub(0xDC00);
+                if second_minus_low_surrogate_start <= (0xDFFF - 0xDC00) {
+                    // The next code unit is a low surrogate. Advance position.
+                    offset = next + 1;
+                    if offset == len {
+                        return (offset, true);
+                    }
+                    continue;
+                }
+                // The next code unit is not a low surrogate. Don't advance
+                // position and treat the high surrogate as unpaired.
+                // fall through
+            }
+            // Unpaired, fall through
+        }
+        // Unpaired surrogate
+        return (offset, false);
+    }
+}
+
+cfg_if! {
+    if #[cfg(all(feature = "simd-accel", any(target_feature = "sse2", all(target_endian = "little", target_arch = "aarch64"), all(target_endian = "little", target_feature = "neon"))))] {
+        #[inline(always)]
+        fn is_str_latin1_impl(buffer: &str) -> Option<usize> {
+            let mut offset = 0usize;
+            let bytes = buffer.as_bytes();
+            let len = bytes.len();
+            if len >= SIMD_STRIDE_SIZE {
+                let src = bytes.as_ptr();
+                let mut until_alignment = (SIMD_ALIGNMENT - ((src as usize) & SIMD_ALIGNMENT_MASK)) &
+                                           SIMD_ALIGNMENT_MASK;
+                if until_alignment + SIMD_STRIDE_SIZE <= len {
+                    while until_alignment != 0 {
+                        if bytes[offset] > 0xC3 {
+                            return Some(offset);
+                        }
+                        offset += 1;
+                        until_alignment -= 1;
+                    }
+                    let len_minus_stride = len - SIMD_STRIDE_SIZE;
+                    loop {
+                        if !simd_is_str_latin1(unsafe { *(src.add(offset) as *const u8x16) }) {
+                            // TODO: Ensure this compiles away when inlined into `is_str_latin1()`.
+                            while bytes[offset] & 0xC0 == 0x80 {
+                                offset += 1;
+                            }
+                            return Some(offset);
+                        }
+                        offset += SIMD_STRIDE_SIZE;
+                        if offset > len_minus_stride {
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            for i in offset..len {
+                if bytes[i] > 0xC3 {
+                    return Some(i);
+                }
+            }
+            None
+        }
+    } else {
+        #[inline(always)]
+        fn is_str_latin1_impl(buffer: &str) -> Option<usize> {
+            let mut bytes = buffer.as_bytes();
+            let mut total = 0;
+            loop {
+                if let Some((byte, offset)) = validate_ascii(bytes) {
+                    total += offset;
+                    if byte > 0xC3 {
+                        return Some(total);
+                    }
+                    bytes = &bytes[offset + 2..];
+                    total += 2;
+                } else {
+                    return None;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[inline(always)]
+fn is_utf8_latin1_impl(buffer: &[u8]) -> Option<usize> {
+    let mut bytes = buffer;
+    let mut total = 0;
+    loop {
+        if let Some((byte, offset)) = validate_ascii(bytes) {
+            total += offset;
+            if in_inclusive_range8(byte, 0xC2, 0xC3) {
+                let next = offset + 1;
+                if next == bytes.len() {
+                    return Some(total);
+                }
+                if bytes[next] & 0xC0 != 0x80 {
+                    return Some(total);
+                }
+                bytes = &bytes[offset + 2..];
+                total += 2;
+            } else {
+                return Some(total);
+            }
+        } else {
+            return None;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+cfg_if! {
+    if #[cfg(all(feature = "simd-accel", any(target_feature = "sse2", all(target_endian = "little", target_arch = "aarch64"), all(target_endian = "little", target_feature = "neon"))))] {
+        #[inline(always)]
+        fn is_utf16_bidi_impl(buffer: &[u16]) -> bool {
+            let mut offset = 0usize;
+            let len = buffer.len();
+            if len >= SIMD_STRIDE_SIZE / 2 {
+                let src = buffer.as_ptr();
+                let mut until_alignment = ((SIMD_ALIGNMENT - ((src as usize) & SIMD_ALIGNMENT_MASK)) &
+                                           SIMD_ALIGNMENT_MASK) / 2;
+                if until_alignment + (SIMD_STRIDE_SIZE / 2) <= len {
+                    while until_alignment != 0 {
+                        if is_utf16_code_unit_bidi(buffer[offset]) {
+                            return true;
+                        }
+                        offset += 1;
+                        until_alignment -= 1;
+                    }
+                    let len_minus_stride = len - (SIMD_STRIDE_SIZE / 2);
+                    loop {
+                        if is_u16x8_bidi(unsafe { *(src.add(offset) as *const u16x8) }) {
+                            return true;
+                        }
+                        offset += SIMD_STRIDE_SIZE / 2;
+                        if offset > len_minus_stride {
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            for &u in &buffer[offset..] {
+                if is_utf16_code_unit_bidi(u) {
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+            false
+        }
+    } else {
+        #[inline(always)]
+        fn is_utf16_bidi_impl(buffer: &[u16]) -> bool {
+            for &u in buffer {
+                if is_utf16_code_unit_bidi(u) {
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+            false
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+cfg_if! {
+    if #[cfg(all(feature = "simd-accel", any(target_feature = "sse2", all(target_endian = "little", target_arch = "aarch64"), all(target_endian = "little", target_feature = "neon"))))] {
+        #[inline(always)]
+        fn check_utf16_for_latin1_and_bidi_impl(buffer: &[u16]) -> Latin1Bidi {
+            let mut offset = 0usize;
+            let len = buffer.len();
+            if len >= SIMD_STRIDE_SIZE / 2 {
+                let src = buffer.as_ptr();
+                let mut until_alignment = ((SIMD_ALIGNMENT - ((src as usize) & SIMD_ALIGNMENT_MASK)) &
+                                           SIMD_ALIGNMENT_MASK) / 2;
+                if until_alignment + (SIMD_STRIDE_SIZE / 2) <= len {
+                    while until_alignment != 0 {
+                        if buffer[offset] > 0xFF {
+                            // This transition isn't optimal, since the aligment is recomputing
+                            // but not tweaking further today.
+                            if is_utf16_bidi_impl(&buffer[offset..]) {
+                                return Latin1Bidi::Bidi;
+                            }
+                            return Latin1Bidi::LeftToRight;
+                        }
+                        offset += 1;
+                        until_alignment -= 1;
+                    }
+                    let len_minus_stride = len - (SIMD_STRIDE_SIZE / 2);
+                    loop {
+                        let mut s = unsafe { *(src.add(offset) as *const u16x8) };
+                        if !simd_is_latin1(s) {
+                            loop {
+                                if is_u16x8_bidi(s) {
+                                    return Latin1Bidi::Bidi;
+                                }
+                                offset += SIMD_STRIDE_SIZE / 2;
+                                if offset > len_minus_stride {
+                                    for &u in &buffer[offset..] {
+                                        if is_utf16_code_unit_bidi(u) {
+                                            return Latin1Bidi::Bidi;
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                    return Latin1Bidi::LeftToRight;
+                                }
+                                s = unsafe { *(src.add(offset) as *const u16x8) };
+                            }
+                        }
+                        offset += SIMD_STRIDE_SIZE / 2;
+                        if offset > len_minus_stride {
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            let mut iter = (&buffer[offset..]).iter();
+            loop {
+                if let Some(&u) = iter.next() {
+                    if u > 0xFF {
+                        let mut inner_u = u;
+                        loop {
+                            if is_utf16_code_unit_bidi(inner_u) {
+                                return Latin1Bidi::Bidi;
+                            }
+                            if let Some(&code_unit) = iter.next() {
+                                inner_u = code_unit;
+                            } else {
+                                return Latin1Bidi::LeftToRight;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    return Latin1Bidi::Latin1;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    } else {
+        #[cfg_attr(feature = "cargo-clippy", allow(cast_ptr_alignment))]
+        #[inline(always)]
+        fn check_utf16_for_latin1_and_bidi_impl(buffer: &[u16]) -> Latin1Bidi {
+            let mut offset = 0usize;
+            let len = buffer.len();
+            if len >= ALU_ALIGNMENT / 2 {
+                let src = buffer.as_ptr();
+                let mut until_alignment = ((ALU_ALIGNMENT - ((src as usize) & ALU_ALIGNMENT_MASK)) &
+                                           ALU_ALIGNMENT_MASK) / 2;
+                if until_alignment + ALU_ALIGNMENT / 2 <= len {
+                    while until_alignment != 0 {
+                        if buffer[offset] > 0xFF {
+                            if is_utf16_bidi_impl(&buffer[offset..]) {
+                                return Latin1Bidi::Bidi;
+                            }
+                            return Latin1Bidi::LeftToRight;
+                        }
+                        offset += 1;
+                        until_alignment -= 1;
+                    }
+                    let len_minus_stride = len - ALU_ALIGNMENT / 2;
+                    loop {
+                        if unsafe { *(src.add(offset) as *const usize) } & LATIN1_MASK != 0 {
+                            if is_utf16_bidi_impl(&buffer[offset..]) {
+                                return Latin1Bidi::Bidi;
+                            }
+                            return Latin1Bidi::LeftToRight;
+                        }
+                        offset += ALU_ALIGNMENT / 2;
+                        if offset > len_minus_stride {
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            let mut iter = (&buffer[offset..]).iter();
+            loop {
+                if let Some(&u) = iter.next() {
+                    if u > 0xFF {
+                        let mut inner_u = u;
+                        loop {
+                            if is_utf16_code_unit_bidi(inner_u) {
+                                return Latin1Bidi::Bidi;
+                            }
+                            if let Some(&code_unit) = iter.next() {
+                                inner_u = code_unit;
+                            } else {
+                                return Latin1Bidi::LeftToRight;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    return Latin1Bidi::Latin1;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Checks whether the buffer is all-ASCII.
+///
+/// May read the entire buffer even if it isn't all-ASCII. (I.e. the function
+/// is not guaranteed to fail fast.)
+pub fn is_ascii(buffer: &[u8]) -> bool {
+    is_ascii_impl(buffer)
+}
+
+/// Checks whether the buffer is all-Basic Latin (i.e. UTF-16 representing
+/// only ASCII characters).
+///
+/// May read the entire buffer even if it isn't all-ASCII. (I.e. the function
+/// is not guaranteed to fail fast.)
+pub fn is_basic_latin(buffer: &[u16]) -> bool {
+    is_basic_latin_impl(buffer)
+}
+
+/// Checks whether the buffer is valid UTF-8 representing only code points
+/// less than or equal to U+00FF.
+///
+/// Fails fast. (I.e. returns before having read the whole buffer if UTF-8
+/// invalidity or code points above U+00FF are discovered.
+pub fn is_utf8_latin1(buffer: &[u8]) -> bool {
+    is_utf8_latin1_impl(buffer).is_none()
+}
+
+/// Checks whether the buffer represents only code points less than or equal
+/// to U+00FF.
+///
+/// Fails fast. (I.e. returns before having read the whole buffer if code
+/// points above U+00FF are discovered.
+pub fn is_str_latin1(buffer: &str) -> bool {
+    is_str_latin1_impl(buffer).is_none()
+}
+
+/// Checks whether the buffer represents only code point less than or equal
+/// to U+00FF.
+///
+/// May read the entire buffer even if it isn't all-Latin1. (I.e. the function
+/// is not guaranteed to fail fast.)
+pub fn is_utf16_latin1(buffer: &[u16]) -> bool {
+    is_utf16_latin1_impl(buffer)
+}
+
+/// Checks whether a potentially-invalid UTF-8 buffer contains code points
+/// that trigger right-to-left processing.
+///
+/// The check is done on a Unicode block basis without regard to assigned
+/// vs. unassigned code points in the block. Hebrew presentation forms in
+/// the Alphabetic Presentation Forms block are treated as if they formed
+/// a block on their own (i.e. it treated as right-to-left). Additionally,
+/// the four RIGHT-TO-LEFT FOO controls in General Punctuation are checked
+/// for. Control characters that are technically bidi controls but do not
+/// cause right-to-left behavior without the presence of right-to-left
+/// characters or right-to-left controls are not checked for. As a special
+/// case, U+FEFF is excluded from Arabic Presentation Forms-B.
+///
+/// Returns `true` if the input is invalid UTF-8 or the input contains an
+/// RTL character. Returns `false` if the input is valid UTF-8 and contains
+/// no RTL characters.
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "cargo-clippy", allow(collapsible_if, cyclomatic_complexity))]
+#[inline]
+pub fn is_utf8_bidi(buffer: &[u8]) -> bool {
+    // As of rustc 1.25.0-nightly (73ac5d6a8 2018-01-11), this is faster
+    // than UTF-8 validation followed by `is_str_bidi()` for German,
+    // Russian and Japanese. However, this is considerably slower for Thai.
+    // Chances are that the compiler makes some branch predictions that are
+    // unfortunate for Thai. Not spending the time to manually optimize
+    // further at this time, since it's unclear if this variant even has
+    // use cases. However, this is worth revisiting once Rust gets the
+    // ability to annotate relative priorities of match arms.
+
+    // U+058F: D6 8F
+    // U+0590: D6 90
+    // U+08FF: E0 A3 BF
+    // U+0900: E0 A4 80
+    //
+    // U+200F: E2 80 8F
+    // U+202B: E2 80 AB
+    // U+202E: E2 80 AE
+    // U+2067: E2 81 A7
+    //
+    // U+FB1C: EF AC 9C
+    // U+FB1D: EF AC 9D
+    // U+FDFF: EF B7 BF
+    // U+FE00: EF B8 80
+    //
+    // U+FE6F: EF B9 AF
+    // U+FE70: EF B9 B0
+    // U+FEFE: EF BB BE
+    // U+FEFF: EF BB BF
+    //
+    // U+107FF: F0 90 9F BF
+    // U+10800: F0 90 A0 80
+    // U+10FFF: F0 90 BF BF
+    // U+11000: F0 91 80 80
+    //
+    // U+1E7FF: F0 9E 9F BF
+    // U+1E800: F0 9E A0 80
+    // U+1EFFF: F0 9E BF BF
+    // U+1F000: F0 9F 80 80
+    let mut src = buffer;
+    'outer: loop {
+        if let Some((mut byte, mut read)) = validate_ascii(src) {
+            // Check for the longest sequence to avoid checking twice for the
+            // multi-byte sequences.
+            if read + 4 <= src.len() {
+                'inner: loop {
+                    // At this point, `byte` is not included in `read`.
+                    match byte {
+                        0..=0x7F => {
+                            // ASCII: go back to SIMD.
+                            read += 1;
+                            src = &src[read..];
+                            continue 'outer;
+                        }
+                        0xC2..=0xD5 => {
+                            // Two-byte
+                            let second = unsafe { *(src.get_unchecked(read + 1)) };
+                            if !in_inclusive_range8(second, 0x80, 0xBF) {
+                                return true;
+                            }
+                            read += 2;
+                        }
+                        0xD6 => {
+                            // Two-byte
+                            let second = unsafe { *(src.get_unchecked(read + 1)) };
+                            if !in_inclusive_range8(second, 0x80, 0xBF) {
+                                return true;
+                            }
+                            // XXX consider folding the above and below checks
+                            if second > 0x8F {
+                                return true;
+                            }
+                            read += 2;
+                        }
+                        // two-byte starting with 0xD7 and above is bidi
+                        0xE1 | 0xE3..=0xEC | 0xEE => {
+                            // Three-byte normal
+                            let second = unsafe { *(src.get_unchecked(read + 1)) };
+                            let third = unsafe { *(src.get_unchecked(read + 2)) };
+                            if ((UTF8_DATA.table[usize::from(second)]
+                                & unsafe {
+                                    *(UTF8_DATA.table.get_unchecked(byte as usize + 0x80))
+                                })
+                                | (third >> 6))
+                                != 2
+                            {
+                                return true;
+                            }
+                            read += 3;
+                        }
+                        0xE2 => {
+                            // Three-byte normal, potentially bidi
+                            let second = unsafe { *(src.get_unchecked(read + 1)) };
+                            let third = unsafe { *(src.get_unchecked(read + 2)) };
+                            if ((UTF8_DATA.table[usize::from(second)]
+                                & unsafe {
+                                    *(UTF8_DATA.table.get_unchecked(byte as usize + 0x80))
+                                })
+                                | (third >> 6))
+                                != 2
+                            {
+                                return true;
+                            }
+                            if second == 0x80 {
+                                if third == 0x8F || third == 0xAB || third == 0xAE {
+                                    return true;
+                                }
+                            } else if second == 0x81 {
+                                if third == 0xA7 {
+                                    return true;
+                                }
+                            }
+                            read += 3;
+                        }
+                        0xEF => {
+                            // Three-byte normal, potentially bidi
+                            let second = unsafe { *(src.get_unchecked(read + 1)) };
+                            let third = unsafe { *(src.get_unchecked(read + 2)) };
+                            if ((UTF8_DATA.table[usize::from(second)]
+                                & unsafe {
+                                    *(UTF8_DATA.table.get_unchecked(byte as usize + 0x80))
+                                })
+                                | (third >> 6))
+                                != 2
+                            {
+                                return true;
+                            }
+                            if in_inclusive_range8(second, 0xAC, 0xB7) {
+                                if second == 0xAC {
+                                    if third > 0x9C {
+                                        return true;
+                                    }
+                                } else {
+                                    return true;
+                                }
+                            } else if in_inclusive_range8(second, 0xB9, 0xBB) {
+                                if second == 0xB9 {
+                                    if third > 0xAF {
+                                        return true;
+                                    }
+                                } else if second == 0xBB {
+                                    if third != 0xBF {
+                                        return true;
+                                    }
+                                } else {
+                                    return true;
+                                }
+                            }
+                            read += 3;
+                        }
+                        0xE0 => {
+                            // Three-byte special lower bound, potentially bidi
+                            let second = unsafe { *(src.get_unchecked(read + 1)) };
+                            let third = unsafe { *(src.get_unchecked(read + 2)) };
+                            if ((UTF8_DATA.table[usize::from(second)]
+                                & unsafe {
+                                    *(UTF8_DATA.table.get_unchecked(byte as usize + 0x80))
+                                })
+                                | (third >> 6))
+                                != 2
+                            {
+                                return true;
+                            }
+                            // XXX can this be folded into the above validity check
+                            if second < 0xA4 {
+                                return true;
+                            }
+                            read += 3;
+                        }
+                        0xED => {
+                            // Three-byte special upper bound
+                            let second = unsafe { *(src.get_unchecked(read + 1)) };
+                            let third = unsafe { *(src.get_unchecked(read + 2)) };
+                            if ((UTF8_DATA.table[usize::from(second)]
+                                & unsafe {
+                                    *(UTF8_DATA.table.get_unchecked(byte as usize + 0x80))
+                                })
+                                | (third >> 6))
+                                != 2
+                            {
+                                return true;
+                            }
+                            read += 3;
+                        }
+                        0xF1..=0xF4 => {
+                            // Four-byte normal
+                            let second = unsafe { *(src.get_unchecked(read + 1)) };
+                            let third = unsafe { *(src.get_unchecked(read + 2)) };
+                            let fourth = unsafe { *(src.get_unchecked(read + 3)) };
+                            if (u16::from(
+                                UTF8_DATA.table[usize::from(second)]
+                                    & unsafe {
+                                        *(UTF8_DATA.table.get_unchecked(byte as usize + 0x80))
+                                    },
+                            ) | u16::from(third >> 6)
+                                | (u16::from(fourth & 0xC0) << 2))
+                                != 0x202
+                            {
+                                return true;
+                            }
+                            read += 4;
+                        }
+                        0xF0 => {
+                            // Four-byte special lower bound, potentially bidi
+                            let second = unsafe { *(src.get_unchecked(read + 1)) };
+                            let third = unsafe { *(src.get_unchecked(read + 2)) };
+                            let fourth = unsafe { *(src.get_unchecked(read + 3)) };
+                            if (u16::from(
+                                UTF8_DATA.table[usize::from(second)]
+                                    & unsafe {
+                                        *(UTF8_DATA.table.get_unchecked(byte as usize + 0x80))
+                                    },
+                            ) | u16::from(third >> 6)
+                                | (u16::from(fourth & 0xC0) << 2))
+                                != 0x202
+                            {
+                                return true;
+                            }
+                            if unlikely(second == 0x90 || second == 0x9E) {
+                                let third = src[read + 2];
+                                if third >= 0xA0 {
+                                    return true;
+                                }
+                            }
+                            read += 4;
+                        }
+                        _ => {
+                            // Invalid lead or bidi-only lead
+                            return true;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if read + 4 > src.len() {
+                        if read == src.len() {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                        byte = src[read];
+                        break 'inner;
+                    }
+                    byte = src[read];
+                    continue 'inner;
+                }
+            }
+            // We can't have a complete 4-byte sequence, but we could still have
+            // a complete shorter sequence.
+
+            // At this point, `byte` is not included in `read`.
+            match byte {
+                0..=0x7F => {
+                    // ASCII: go back to SIMD.
+                    read += 1;
+                    src = &src[read..];
+                    continue 'outer;
+                }
+                0xC2..=0xD5 => {
+                    // Two-byte
+                    let new_read = read + 2;
+                    if new_read > src.len() {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                    let second = unsafe { *(src.get_unchecked(read + 1)) };
+                    if !in_inclusive_range8(second, 0x80, 0xBF) {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                    read = new_read;
+                    // We need to deal with the case where we came here with 3 bytes
+                    // left, so we need to take a look at the last one.
+                    src = &src[read..];
+                    continue 'outer;
+                }
+                0xD6 => {
+                    // Two-byte, potentially bidi
+                    let new_read = read + 2;
+                    if new_read > src.len() {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                    let second = unsafe { *(src.get_unchecked(read + 1)) };
+                    if !in_inclusive_range8(second, 0x80, 0xBF) {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                    // XXX consider folding the above and below checks
+                    if second > 0x8F {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                    read = new_read;
+                    // We need to deal with the case where we came here with 3 bytes
+                    // left, so we need to take a look at the last one.
+                    src = &src[read..];
+                    continue 'outer;
+                }
+                // two-byte starting with 0xD7 and above is bidi
+                0xE1 | 0xE3..=0xEC | 0xEE => {
+                    // Three-byte normal
+                    let new_read = read + 3;
+                    if new_read > src.len() {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                    let second = unsafe { *(src.get_unchecked(read + 1)) };
+                    let third = unsafe { *(src.get_unchecked(read + 2)) };
+                    if ((UTF8_DATA.table[usize::from(second)]
+                        & unsafe { *(UTF8_DATA.table.get_unchecked(byte as usize + 0x80)) })
+                        | (third >> 6))
+                        != 2
+                    {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                }
+                0xE2 => {
+                    // Three-byte normal, potentially bidi
+                    let new_read = read + 3;
+                    if new_read > src.len() {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                    let second = unsafe { *(src.get_unchecked(read + 1)) };
+                    let third = unsafe { *(src.get_unchecked(read + 2)) };
+                    if ((UTF8_DATA.table[usize::from(second)]
+                        & unsafe { *(UTF8_DATA.table.get_unchecked(byte as usize + 0x80)) })
+                        | (third >> 6))
+                        != 2
+                    {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                    if second == 0x80 {
+                        if third == 0x8F || third == 0xAB || third == 0xAE {
+                            return true;
+                        }
+                    } else if second == 0x81 {
+                        if third == 0xA7 {
+                            return true;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                0xEF => {
+                    // Three-byte normal, potentially bidi
+                    let new_read = read + 3;
+                    if new_read > src.len() {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                    let second = unsafe { *(src.get_unchecked(read + 1)) };
+                    let third = unsafe { *(src.get_unchecked(read + 2)) };
+                    if ((UTF8_DATA.table[usize::from(second)]
+                        & unsafe { *(UTF8_DATA.table.get_unchecked(byte as usize + 0x80)) })
+                        | (third >> 6))
+                        != 2
+                    {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                    if in_inclusive_range8(second, 0xAC, 0xB7) {
+                        if second == 0xAC {
+                            if third > 0x9C {
+                                return true;
+                            }
+                        } else {
+                            return true;
+                        }
+                    } else if in_inclusive_range8(second, 0xB9, 0xBB) {
+                        if second == 0xB9 {
+                            if third > 0xAF {
+                                return true;
+                            }
+                        } else if second == 0xBB {
+                            if third != 0xBF {
+                                return true;
+                            }
+                        } else {
+                            return true;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                0xE0 => {
+                    // Three-byte special lower bound, potentially bidi
+                    let new_read = read + 3;
+                    if new_read > src.len() {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                    let second = unsafe { *(src.get_unchecked(read + 1)) };
+                    let third = unsafe { *(src.get_unchecked(read + 2)) };
+                    if ((UTF8_DATA.table[usize::from(second)]
+                        & unsafe { *(UTF8_DATA.table.get_unchecked(byte as usize + 0x80)) })
+                        | (third >> 6))
+                        != 2
+                    {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                    // XXX can this be folded into the above validity check
+                    if second < 0xA4 {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                }
+                0xED => {
+                    // Three-byte special upper bound
+                    let new_read = read + 3;
+                    if new_read > src.len() {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                    let second = unsafe { *(src.get_unchecked(read + 1)) };
+                    let third = unsafe { *(src.get_unchecked(read + 2)) };
+                    if ((UTF8_DATA.table[usize::from(second)]
+                        & unsafe { *(UTF8_DATA.table.get_unchecked(byte as usize + 0x80)) })
+                        | (third >> 6))
+                        != 2
+                    {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                }
+                _ => {
+                    // Invalid lead, 4-byte lead or 2-byte bidi-only lead
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+            return false;
+        } else {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Checks whether a valid UTF-8 buffer contains code points that trigger
+/// right-to-left processing.
+///
+/// The check is done on a Unicode block basis without regard to assigned
+/// vs. unassigned code points in the block. Hebrew presentation forms in
+/// the Alphabetic Presentation Forms block are treated as if they formed
+/// a block on their own (i.e. it treated as right-to-left). Additionally,
+/// the four RIGHT-TO-LEFT FOO controls in General Punctuation are checked
+/// for. Control characters that are technically bidi controls but do not
+/// cause right-to-left behavior without the presence of right-to-left
+/// characters or right-to-left controls are not checked for. As a special
+/// case, U+FEFF is excluded from Arabic Presentation Forms-B.
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "cargo-clippy", allow(collapsible_if))]
+#[inline]
+pub fn is_str_bidi(buffer: &str) -> bool {
+    // U+058F: D6 8F
+    // U+0590: D6 90
+    // U+08FF: E0 A3 BF
+    // U+0900: E0 A4 80
+    //
+    // U+200F: E2 80 8F
+    // U+202B: E2 80 AB
+    // U+202E: E2 80 AE
+    // U+2067: E2 81 A7
+    //
+    // U+FB1C: EF AC 9C
+    // U+FB1D: EF AC 9D
+    // U+FDFF: EF B7 BF
+    // U+FE00: EF B8 80
+    //
+    // U+FE6F: EF B9 AF
+    // U+FE70: EF B9 B0
+    // U+FEFE: EF BB BE
+    // U+FEFF: EF BB BF
+    //
+    // U+107FF: F0 90 9F BF
+    // U+10800: F0 90 A0 80
+    // U+10FFF: F0 90 BF BF
+    // U+11000: F0 91 80 80
+    //
+    // U+1E7FF: F0 9E 9F BF
+    // U+1E800: F0 9E A0 80
+    // U+1EFFF: F0 9E BF BF
+    // U+1F000: F0 9F 80 80
+    let mut bytes = buffer.as_bytes();
+    'outer: loop {
+        // TODO: Instead of just validating ASCII using SIMD, use SIMD
+        // to check for non-ASCII lead bytes, too, to quickly conclude
+        // that the vector consist entirely of CJK and below-Hebrew
+        // code points.
+        // Unfortunately, scripts above Arabic but below CJK share
+        // lead bytes with RTL.
+        if let Some((mut byte, mut read)) = validate_ascii(bytes) {
+            'inner: loop {
+                // At this point, `byte` is not included in `read`.
+                if byte < 0xE0 {
+                    if byte >= 0x80 {
+                        // Two-byte
+                        // Adding `unlikely` here improved throughput on
+                        // Russian plain text by 33%!
+                        if unlikely(byte >= 0xD6) {
+                            if byte == 0xD6 {
+                                let second = bytes[read + 1];
+                                if second > 0x8F {
+                                    return true;
+                                }
+                            } else {
+                                return true;
+                            }
+                        }
+                        read += 2;
+                    } else {
+                        // ASCII: write and go back to SIMD.
+                        read += 1;
+                        // Intuitively, we should go back to the outer loop only
+                        // if byte is 0x30 or above, so as to avoid trashing on
+                        // ASCII space, comma and period in non-Latin context.
+                        // However, the extra branch seems to cost more than it's
+                        // worth.
+                        bytes = &bytes[read..];
+                        continue 'outer;
+                    }
+                } else if byte < 0xF0 {
+                    // Three-byte
+                    if unlikely(!in_inclusive_range8(byte, 0xE3, 0xEE) && byte != 0xE1) {
+                        let second = bytes[read + 1];
+                        if byte == 0xE0 {
+                            if second < 0xA4 {
+                                return true;
+                            }
+                        } else if byte == 0xE2 {
+                            let third = bytes[read + 2];
+                            if second == 0x80 {
+                                if third == 0x8F || third == 0xAB || third == 0xAE {
+                                    return true;
+                                }
+                            } else if second == 0x81 {
+                                if third == 0xA7 {
+                                    return true;
+                                }
+                            }
+                        } else {
+                            debug_assert_eq!(byte, 0xEF);
+                            if in_inclusive_range8(second, 0xAC, 0xB7) {
+                                if second == 0xAC {
+                                    let third = bytes[read + 2];
+                                    if third > 0x9C {
+                                        return true;
+                                    }
+                                } else {
+                                    return true;
+                                }
+                            } else if in_inclusive_range8(second, 0xB9, 0xBB) {
+                                if second == 0xB9 {
+                                    let third = bytes[read + 2];
+                                    if third > 0xAF {
+                                        return true;
+                                    }
+                                } else if second == 0xBB {
+                                    let third = bytes[read + 2];
+                                    if third != 0xBF {
+                                        return true;
+                                    }
+                                } else {
+                                    return true;
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    read += 3;
+                } else {
+                    // Four-byte
+                    let second = bytes[read + 1];
+                    if unlikely(byte == 0xF0 && (second == 0x90 || second == 0x9E)) {
+                        let third = bytes[read + 2];
+                        if third >= 0xA0 {
+                            return true;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    read += 4;
+                }
+                // The comparison is always < or == and never >, but including
+                // > here to let the compiler assume that < is true if this
+                // comparison is false.
+                if read >= bytes.len() {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                byte = bytes[read];
+                continue 'inner;
+            }
+        } else {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Checks whether a UTF-16 buffer contains code points that trigger
+/// right-to-left processing.
+///
+/// The check is done on a Unicode block basis without regard to assigned
+/// vs. unassigned code points in the block. Hebrew presentation forms in
+/// the Alphabetic Presentation Forms block are treated as if they formed
+/// a block on their own (i.e. it treated as right-to-left). Additionally,
+/// the four RIGHT-TO-LEFT FOO controls in General Punctuation are checked
+/// for. Control characters that are technically bidi controls but do not
+/// cause right-to-left behavior without the presence of right-to-left
+/// characters or right-to-left controls are not checked for. As a special
+/// case, U+FEFF is excluded from Arabic Presentation Forms-B.
+///
+/// Returns `true` if the input contains an RTL character or an unpaired
+/// high surrogate that could be the high half of an RTL character.
+/// Returns `false` if the input contains neither RTL characters nor
+/// unpaired high surrogates that could be higher halves of RTL characters.
+pub fn is_utf16_bidi(buffer: &[u16]) -> bool {
+    is_utf16_bidi_impl(buffer)
+}
+
+/// Checks whether a scalar value triggers right-to-left processing.
+///
+/// The check is done on a Unicode block basis without regard to assigned
+/// vs. unassigned code points in the block. Hebrew presentation forms in
+/// the Alphabetic Presentation Forms block are treated as if they formed
+/// a block on their own (i.e. it treated as right-to-left). Additionally,
+/// the four RIGHT-TO-LEFT FOO controls in General Punctuation are checked
+/// for. Control characters that are technically bidi controls but do not
+/// cause right-to-left behavior without the presence of right-to-left
+/// characters or right-to-left controls are not checked for. As a special
+/// case, U+FEFF is excluded from Arabic Presentation Forms-B.
+#[inline(always)]
+pub fn is_char_bidi(c: char) -> bool {
+    // Controls:
+    // Every control with RIGHT-TO-LEFT in its name in
+    // https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U2000.pdf
+    // U+200F RLM
+    // U+202B RLE
+    // U+202E RLO
+    // U+2067 RLI
+    //
+    // BMP RTL:
+    // https://www.unicode.org/roadmaps/bmp/
+    // U+0590...U+08FF
+    // U+FB1D...U+FDFF Hebrew presentation forms and
+    //                 Arabic Presentation Forms A
+    // U+FE70...U+FEFE Arabic Presentation Forms B (excl. BOM)
+    //
+    // Supplementary RTL:
+    // https://www.unicode.org/roadmaps/smp/
+    // U+10800...U+10FFF (Lead surrogate U+D802 or U+D803)
+    // U+1E800...U+1EFFF (Lead surrogate U+D83A or U+D83B)
+    let code_point = u32::from(c);
+    if code_point < 0x0590 {
+        // Below Hebrew
+        return false;
+    }
+    if in_range32(code_point, 0x0900, 0xFB1D) {
+        // Above Arabic Extended-A and below Hebrew presentation forms
+        if in_inclusive_range32(code_point, 0x200F, 0x2067) {
+            // In the range that contains the RTL controls
+            return code_point == 0x200F
+                || code_point == 0x202B
+                || code_point == 0x202E
+                || code_point == 0x2067;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+    if code_point > 0x1EFFF {
+        // Above second astral RTL. (Emoji is here.)
+        return false;
+    }
+    if in_range32(code_point, 0x11000, 0x1E800) {
+        // Between astral RTL blocks
+        return false;
+    }
+    if in_range32(code_point, 0xFEFF, 0x10800) {
+        // Above Arabic Presentations Forms B (excl. BOM) and below first
+        // astral RTL
+        return false;
+    }
+    if in_range32(code_point, 0xFE00, 0xFE70) {
+        // Between Arabic Presentations Forms
+        return false;
+    }
+    true
+}
+
+/// Checks whether a UTF-16 code unit triggers right-to-left processing.
+///
+/// The check is done on a Unicode block basis without regard to assigned
+/// vs. unassigned code points in the block. Hebrew presentation forms in
+/// the Alphabetic Presentation Forms block are treated as if they formed
+/// a block on their own (i.e. it treated as right-to-left). Additionally,
+/// the four RIGHT-TO-LEFT FOO controls in General Punctuation are checked
+/// for. Control characters that are technically bidi controls but do not
+/// cause right-to-left behavior without the presence of right-to-left
+/// characters or right-to-left controls are not checked for. As a special
+/// case, U+FEFF is excluded from Arabic Presentation Forms-B.
+///
+/// Since supplementary-plane right-to-left blocks are identifiable from the
+/// high surrogate without examining the low surrogate, this function returns
+/// `true` for such high surrogates making the function suitable for handling
+/// supplementary-plane text without decoding surrogate pairs to scalar
+/// values. Obviously, such high surrogates are then reported as right-to-left
+/// even if actually unpaired.
+#[inline(always)]
+pub fn is_utf16_code_unit_bidi(u: u16) -> bool {
+    if u < 0x0590 {
+        // Below Hebrew
+        return false;
+    }
+    if in_range16(u, 0x0900, 0xD802) {
+        // Above Arabic Extended-A and below first RTL surrogate
+        if in_inclusive_range16(u, 0x200F, 0x2067) {
+            // In the range that contains the RTL controls
+            return u == 0x200F || u == 0x202B || u == 0x202E || u == 0x2067;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+    if in_range16(u, 0xD83C, 0xFB1D) {
+        // Between astral RTL high surrogates and Hebrew presentation forms
+        // (Emoji is here)
+        return false;
+    }
+    if in_range16(u, 0xD804, 0xD83A) {
+        // Between RTL high surragates
+        return false;
+    }
+    if u > 0xFEFE {
+        // Above Arabic Presentation Forms (excl. BOM)
+        return false;
+    }
+    if in_range16(u, 0xFE00, 0xFE70) {
+        // Between Arabic Presentations Forms
+        return false;
+    }
+    true
+}
+
+/// Checks whether a potentially invalid UTF-8 buffer contains code points
+/// that trigger right-to-left processing or is all-Latin1.
+///
+/// Possibly more efficient than performing the checks separately.
+///
+/// Returns `Latin1Bidi::Latin1` if `is_utf8_latin1()` would return `true`.
+/// Otherwise, returns `Latin1Bidi::Bidi` if `is_utf8_bidi()` would return
+/// `true`. Otherwise, returns `Latin1Bidi::LeftToRight`.
+pub fn check_utf8_for_latin1_and_bidi(buffer: &[u8]) -> Latin1Bidi {
+    if let Some(offset) = is_utf8_latin1_impl(buffer) {
+        if is_utf8_bidi(&buffer[offset..]) {
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        } else {
+            Latin1Bidi::LeftToRight
+        }
+    } else {
+        Latin1Bidi::Latin1
+    }
+}
+
+/// Checks whether a valid UTF-8 buffer contains code points
+/// that trigger right-to-left processing or is all-Latin1.
+///
+/// Possibly more efficient than performing the checks separately.
+///
+/// Returns `Latin1Bidi::Latin1` if `is_str_latin1()` would return `true`.
+/// Otherwise, returns `Latin1Bidi::Bidi` if `is_str_bidi()` would return
+/// `true`. Otherwise, returns `Latin1Bidi::LeftToRight`.
+pub fn check_str_for_latin1_and_bidi(buffer: &str) -> Latin1Bidi {
+    // The transition from the latin1 check to the bidi check isn't
+    // optimal but not tweaking it to perfection today.
+    if let Some(offset) = is_str_latin1_impl(buffer) {
+        if is_str_bidi(&buffer[offset..]) {
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        } else {
+            Latin1Bidi::LeftToRight
+        }
+    } else {
+        Latin1Bidi::Latin1
+    }
+}
+
+/// Checks whether a potentially invalid UTF-16 buffer contains code points
+/// that trigger right-to-left processing or is all-Latin1.
+///
+/// Possibly more efficient than performing the checks separately.
+///
+/// Returns `Latin1Bidi::Latin1` if `is_utf16_latin1()` would return `true`.
+/// Otherwise, returns `Latin1Bidi::Bidi` if `is_utf16_bidi()` would return
+/// `true`. Otherwise, returns `Latin1Bidi::LeftToRight`.
+pub fn check_utf16_for_latin1_and_bidi(buffer: &[u16]) -> Latin1Bidi {
+    check_utf16_for_latin1_and_bidi_impl(buffer)
+}
+
+/// Converts potentially-invalid UTF-8 to valid UTF-16 with errors replaced
+/// with the REPLACEMENT CHARACTER.
+///
+/// The length of the destination buffer must be at least the length of the
+/// source buffer _plus one_.
+///
+/// Returns the number of `u16`s written.
+///
+/// # Panics
+///
+/// Panics if the destination buffer is shorter than stated above.
+pub fn convert_utf8_to_utf16(src: &[u8], dst: &mut [u16]) -> usize {
+    // TODO: Can the requirement for dst to be at least one unit longer
+    // be eliminated?
+    assert!(dst.len() > src.len());
+    let mut decoder = Utf8Decoder::new_inner();
+    let mut total_read = 0usize;
+    let mut total_written = 0usize;
+    loop {
+        let (result, read, written) =
+            decoder.decode_to_utf16_raw(&src[total_read..], &mut dst[total_written..], true);
+        total_read += read;
+        total_written += written;
+        match result {
+            DecoderResult::InputEmpty => {
+                return total_written;
+            }
+            DecoderResult::OutputFull => {
+                unreachable!("The assert at the top of the function should have caught this.");
+            }
+            DecoderResult::Malformed(_, _) => {
+                // There should always be space for the U+FFFD, because
+                // otherwise we'd have gotten OutputFull already.
+                dst[total_written] = 0xFFFD;
+                total_written += 1;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Converts valid UTF-8 to valid UTF-16.
+///
+/// The length of the destination buffer must be at least the length of the
+/// source buffer.
+///
+/// Returns the number of `u16`s written.
+///
+/// # Panics
+///
+/// Panics if the destination buffer is shorter than stated above.
+pub fn convert_str_to_utf16(src: &str, dst: &mut [u16]) -> usize {
+    assert!(
+        dst.len() >= src.len(),
+        "Destination must not be shorter than the source."
+    );
+    let bytes = src.as_bytes();
+    let mut read = 0;
+    let mut written = 0;
+    'outer: loop {
+        let mut byte = {
+            let src_remaining = &bytes[read..];
+            let dst_remaining = &mut dst[written..];
+            let length = src_remaining.len();
+            match unsafe {
+                ascii_to_basic_latin(src_remaining.as_ptr(), dst_remaining.as_mut_ptr(), length)
+            } {
+                None => {
+                    written += length;
+                    return written;
+                }
+                Some((non_ascii, consumed)) => {
+                    read += consumed;
+                    written += consumed;
+                    non_ascii
+                }
+            }
+        };
+        'inner: loop {
+            // At this point, `byte` is not included in `read`.
+            if byte < 0xE0 {
+                if byte >= 0x80 {
+                    // Two-byte
+                    let second = unsafe { *(bytes.get_unchecked(read + 1)) };
+                    let point = ((u16::from(byte) & 0x1F) << 6) | (u16::from(second) & 0x3F);
+                    unsafe { *(dst.get_unchecked_mut(written)) = point };
+                    read += 2;
+                    written += 1;
+                } else {
+                    // ASCII: write and go back to SIMD.
+                    unsafe { *(dst.get_unchecked_mut(written)) = u16::from(byte) };
+                    read += 1;
+                    written += 1;
+                    // Intuitively, we should go back to the outer loop only
+                    // if byte is 0x30 or above, so as to avoid trashing on
+                    // ASCII space, comma and period in non-Latin context.
+                    // However, the extra branch seems to cost more than it's
+                    // worth.
+                    continue 'outer;
+                }
+            } else if byte < 0xF0 {
+                // Three-byte
+                let second = unsafe { *(bytes.get_unchecked(read + 1)) };
+                let third = unsafe { *(bytes.get_unchecked(read + 2)) };
+                let point = ((u16::from(byte) & 0xF) << 12)
+                    | ((u16::from(second) & 0x3F) << 6)
+                    | (u16::from(third) & 0x3F);
+                unsafe { *(dst.get_unchecked_mut(written)) = point };
+                read += 3;
+                written += 1;
+            } else {
+                // Four-byte
+                let second = unsafe { *(bytes.get_unchecked(read + 1)) };
+                let third = unsafe { *(bytes.get_unchecked(read + 2)) };
+                let fourth = unsafe { *(bytes.get_unchecked(read + 3)) };
+                let point = ((u32::from(byte) & 0x7) << 18)
+                    | ((u32::from(second) & 0x3F) << 12)
+                    | ((u32::from(third) & 0x3F) << 6)
+                    | (u32::from(fourth) & 0x3F);
+                unsafe { *(dst.get_unchecked_mut(written)) = (0xD7C0 + (point >> 10)) as u16 };
+                unsafe {
+                    *(dst.get_unchecked_mut(written + 1)) = (0xDC00 + (point & 0x3FF)) as u16
+                };
+                read += 4;
+                written += 2;
+            }
+            // The comparison is always < or == and never >, but including
+            // > here to let the compiler assume that < is true if this
+            // comparison is false.
+            if read >= src.len() {
+                return written;
+            }
+            byte = bytes[read];
+            continue 'inner;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Converts potentially-invalid UTF-8 to valid UTF-16 signaling on error.
+///
+/// The length of the destination buffer must be at least the length of the
+/// source buffer.
+///
+/// Returns the number of `u16`s written or `None` if the input was invalid.
+///
+/// When the input was invalid, some output may have been written.
+///
+/// # Panics
+///
+/// Panics if the destination buffer is shorter than stated above.
+pub fn convert_utf8_to_utf16_without_replacement(src: &[u8], dst: &mut [u16]) -> Option<usize> {
+    assert!(
+        dst.len() >= src.len(),
+        "Destination must not be shorter than the source."
+    );
+    let (read, written) = convert_utf8_to_utf16_up_to_invalid(src, dst);
+    if read == src.len() {
+        return Some(written);
+    }
+    None
+}
+
+/// Converts potentially-invalid UTF-16 to valid UTF-8 with errors replaced
+/// with the REPLACEMENT CHARACTER with potentially insufficient output
+/// space.
+///
+/// Returns the number of code units read and the number of bytes written.
+///
+/// Guarantees that the bytes in the destination beyond the number of
+/// bytes claimed as written by the second item of the return tuple
+/// are left unmodified.
+///
+/// Not all code units are read if there isn't enough output space.
+///
+/// Note  that this method isn't designed for general streamability but for
+/// not allocating memory for the worst case up front. Specifically,
+/// if the input starts with or ends with an unpaired surrogate, those are
+/// replaced with the REPLACEMENT CHARACTER.
+///
+/// Matches the semantics of `TextEncoder.encodeInto()` from the
+/// Encoding Standard.
+///
+/// # Safety
+///
+/// If you want to convert into a `&mut str`, use
+/// `convert_utf16_to_str_partial()` instead of using this function
+/// together with the `unsafe` method `as_bytes_mut()` on `&mut str`.
+#[inline(always)]
+pub fn convert_utf16_to_utf8_partial(src: &[u16], dst: &mut [u8]) -> (usize, usize) {
+    // The two functions called below are marked `inline(never)` to make
+    // transitions from the hot part (first function) into the cold part
+    // (second function) go through a return and another call to discouge
+    // the CPU from speculating from the hot code into the cold code.
+    // Letting the transitions be mere intra-function jumps, even to
+    // basic blocks out-of-lined to the end of the function would wipe
+    // away a quarter of Arabic encode performance on Haswell!
+    let (read, written) = convert_utf16_to_utf8_partial_inner(src, dst);
+    if likely(read == src.len()) {
+        return (read, written);
+    }
+    let (tail_read, tail_written) =
+        convert_utf16_to_utf8_partial_tail(&src[read..], &mut dst[written..]);
+    (read + tail_read, written + tail_written)
+}
+
+/// Converts potentially-invalid UTF-16 to valid UTF-8 with errors replaced
+/// with the REPLACEMENT CHARACTER.
+///
+/// The length of the destination buffer must be at least the length of the
+/// source buffer times three.
+///
+/// Returns the number of bytes written.
+///
+/// # Panics
+///
+/// Panics if the destination buffer is shorter than stated above.
+///
+/// # Safety
+///
+/// If you want to convert into a `&mut str`, use `convert_utf16_to_str()`
+/// instead of using this function together with the `unsafe` method
+/// `as_bytes_mut()` on `&mut str`.
+#[inline(always)]
+pub fn convert_utf16_to_utf8(src: &[u16], dst: &mut [u8]) -> usize {
+    assert!(dst.len() >= src.len() * 3);
+    let (read, written) = convert_utf16_to_utf8_partial(src, dst);
+    debug_assert_eq!(read, src.len());
+    written
+}
+
+/// Converts potentially-invalid UTF-16 to valid UTF-8 with errors replaced
+/// with the REPLACEMENT CHARACTER such that the validity of the output is
+/// signaled using the Rust type system with potentially insufficient output
+/// space.
+///
+/// Returns the number of code units read and the number of bytes written.
+///
+/// Not all code units are read if there isn't enough output space.
+///
+/// Note  that this method isn't designed for general streamability but for
+/// not allocating memory for the worst case up front. Specifically,
+/// if the input starts with or ends with an unpaired surrogate, those are
+/// replaced with the REPLACEMENT CHARACTER.
+pub fn convert_utf16_to_str_partial(src: &[u16], dst: &mut str) -> (usize, usize) {
+    let bytes: &mut [u8] = unsafe { dst.as_bytes_mut() };
+    let (read, written) = convert_utf16_to_utf8_partial(src, bytes);
+    let len = bytes.len();
+    let mut trail = written;
+    while trail < len && ((bytes[trail] & 0xC0) == 0x80) {
+        bytes[trail] = 0;
+        trail += 1;
+    }
+    (read, written)
+}
+
+/// Converts potentially-invalid UTF-16 to valid UTF-8 with errors replaced
+/// with the REPLACEMENT CHARACTER such that the validity of the output is
+/// signaled using the Rust type system.
+///
+/// The length of the destination buffer must be at least the length of the
+/// source buffer times three.
+///
+/// Returns the number of bytes written.
+///
+/// # Panics
+///
+/// Panics if the destination buffer is shorter than stated above.
+#[inline(always)]
+pub fn convert_utf16_to_str(src: &[u16], dst: &mut str) -> usize {
+    assert!(dst.len() >= src.len() * 3);
+    let (read, written) = convert_utf16_to_str_partial(src, dst);
+    debug_assert_eq!(read, src.len());
+    written
+}
+
+/// Converts bytes whose unsigned value is interpreted as Unicode code point
+/// (i.e. U+0000 to U+00FF, inclusive) to UTF-16.
+///
+/// The length of the destination buffer must be at least the length of the
+/// source buffer.
+///
+/// The number of `u16`s written equals the length of the source buffer.
+///
+/// # Panics
+///
+/// Panics if the destination buffer is shorter than stated above.
+pub fn convert_latin1_to_utf16(src: &[u8], dst: &mut [u16]) {
+    assert!(
+        dst.len() >= src.len(),
+        "Destination must not be shorter than the source."
+    );
+    // TODO: On aarch64, the safe version autovectorizes to the same unpacking
+    // instructions and this code, but, yet, the autovectorized version is
+    // faster.
+    unsafe {
+        unpack_latin1(src.as_ptr(), dst.as_mut_ptr(), src.len());
+    }
+}
+
+/// Converts bytes whose unsigned value is interpreted as Unicode code point
+/// (i.e. U+0000 to U+00FF, inclusive) to UTF-8 with potentially insufficient
+/// output space.
+///
+/// Returns the number of bytes read and the number of bytes written.
+///
+/// If the output isn't large enough, not all input is consumed.
+///
+/// # Safety
+///
+/// If you want to convert into a `&mut str`, use
+/// `convert_utf16_to_str_partial()` instead of using this function
+/// together with the `unsafe` method `as_bytes_mut()` on `&mut str`.
+pub fn convert_latin1_to_utf8_partial(src: &[u8], dst: &mut [u8]) -> (usize, usize) {
+    let src_len = src.len();
+    let src_ptr = src.as_ptr();
+    let dst_ptr = dst.as_mut_ptr();
+    let dst_len = dst.len();
+    let mut total_read = 0usize;
+    let mut total_written = 0usize;
+    loop {
+        // src can't advance more than dst
+        let src_left = src_len - total_read;
+        let dst_left = dst_len - total_written;
+        let min_left = ::core::cmp::min(src_left, dst_left);
+        if let Some((non_ascii, consumed)) = unsafe {
+            ascii_to_ascii(
+                src_ptr.add(total_read),
+                dst_ptr.add(total_written),
+                min_left,
+            )
+        } {
+            total_read += consumed;
+            total_written += consumed;
+            if total_written.checked_add(2).unwrap() > dst_len {
+                return (total_read, total_written);
+            }
+
+            total_read += 1; // consume `non_ascii`
+
+            dst[total_written] = (non_ascii >> 6) | 0xC0;
+            total_written += 1;
+            dst[total_written] = (non_ascii & 0x3F) | 0x80;
+            total_written += 1;
+            continue;
+        }
+        return (total_read + min_left, total_written + min_left);
+    }
+}
+
+/// Converts bytes whose unsigned value is interpreted as Unicode code point
+/// (i.e. U+0000 to U+00FF, inclusive) to UTF-8.
+///
+/// The length of the destination buffer must be at least the length of the
+/// source buffer times two.
+///
+/// Returns the number of bytes written.
+///
+/// # Panics
+///
+/// Panics if the destination buffer is shorter than stated above.
+///
+/// # Safety
+///
+/// Note that this function may write garbage beyond the number of bytes
+/// indicated by the return value, so using a `&mut str` interpreted as
+/// `&mut [u8]` as the destination is not safe. If you want to convert into
+/// a `&mut str`, use `convert_utf16_to_str()` instead of this function.
+#[inline]
+pub fn convert_latin1_to_utf8(src: &[u8], dst: &mut [u8]) -> usize {
+    assert!(
+        dst.len() >= src.len() * 2,
+        "Destination must not be shorter than the source times two."
+    );
+    let (read, written) = convert_latin1_to_utf8_partial(src, dst);
+    debug_assert_eq!(read, src.len());
+    written
+}
+
+/// Converts bytes whose unsigned value is interpreted as Unicode code point
+/// (i.e. U+0000 to U+00FF, inclusive) to UTF-8 such that the validity of the
+/// output is signaled using the Rust type system with potentially insufficient
+/// output space.
+///
+/// Returns the number of bytes read and the number of bytes written.
+///
+/// If the output isn't large enough, not all input is consumed.
+#[inline]
+pub fn convert_latin1_to_str_partial(src: &[u8], dst: &mut str) -> (usize, usize) {
+    let bytes: &mut [u8] = unsafe { dst.as_bytes_mut() };
+    let (read, written) = convert_latin1_to_utf8_partial(src, bytes);
+    let len = bytes.len();
+    let mut trail = written;
+    let max = ::core::cmp::min(len, trail + MAX_STRIDE_SIZE);
+    while trail < max {
+        bytes[trail] = 0;
+        trail += 1;
+    }
+    while trail < len && ((bytes[trail] & 0xC0) == 0x80) {
+        bytes[trail] = 0;
+        trail += 1;
+    }
+    (read, written)
+}
+
+/// Converts bytes whose unsigned value is interpreted as Unicode code point
+/// (i.e. U+0000 to U+00FF, inclusive) to UTF-8 such that the validity of the
+/// output is signaled using the Rust type system.
+///
+/// The length of the destination buffer must be at least the length of the
+/// source buffer times two.
+///
+/// Returns the number of bytes written.
+///
+/// # Panics
+///
+/// Panics if the destination buffer is shorter than stated above.
+#[inline]
+pub fn convert_latin1_to_str(src: &[u8], dst: &mut str) -> usize {
+    assert!(
+        dst.len() >= src.len() * 2,
+        "Destination must not be shorter than the source times two."
+    );
+    let (read, written) = convert_latin1_to_str_partial(src, dst);
+    debug_assert_eq!(read, src.len());
+    written
+}
+
+/// If the input is valid UTF-8 representing only Unicode code points from
+/// U+0000 to U+00FF, inclusive, converts the input into output that
+/// represents the value of each code point as the unsigned byte value of
+/// each output byte.
+///
+/// If the input does not fulfill the condition stated above, this function
+/// panics if debug assertions are enabled (and fuzzing isn't) and otherwise
+/// does something that is memory-safe without any promises about any
+/// properties of the output. In particular, callers shouldn't assume the
+/// output to be the same across crate versions or CPU architectures and
+/// should not assume that non-ASCII input can't map to ASCII output.
+///
+/// The length of the destination buffer must be at least the length of the
+/// source buffer.
+///
+/// Returns the number of bytes written.
+///
+/// # Panics
+///
+/// Panics if the destination buffer is shorter than stated above.
+///
+/// If debug assertions are enabled (and not fuzzing) and the input is
+/// not in the range U+0000 to U+00FF, inclusive.
+pub fn convert_utf8_to_latin1_lossy(src: &[u8], dst: &mut [u8]) -> usize {
+    assert!(
+        dst.len() >= src.len(),
+        "Destination must not be shorter than the source."
+    );
+    non_fuzz_debug_assert!(is_utf8_latin1(src));
+    let src_len = src.len();
+    let src_ptr = src.as_ptr();
+    let dst_ptr = dst.as_mut_ptr();
+    let mut total_read = 0usize;
+    let mut total_written = 0usize;
+    loop {
+        // dst can't advance more than src
+        let src_left = src_len - total_read;
+        if let Some((non_ascii, consumed)) = unsafe {
+            ascii_to_ascii(
+                src_ptr.add(total_read),
+                dst_ptr.add(total_written),
+                src_left,
+            )
+        } {
+            total_read += consumed + 1;
+            total_written += consumed;
+
+            if total_read == src_len {
+                return total_written;
+            }
+
+            let trail = src[total_read];
+            total_read += 1;
+
+            dst[total_written] = ((non_ascii & 0x1F) << 6) | (trail & 0x3F);
+            total_written += 1;
+            continue;
+        }
+        return total_written + src_left;
+    }
+}
+
+/// If the input is valid UTF-16 representing only Unicode code points from
+/// U+0000 to U+00FF, inclusive, converts the input into output that
+/// represents the value of each code point as the unsigned byte value of
+/// each output byte.
+///
+/// If the input does not fulfill the condition stated above, does something
+/// that is memory-safe without any promises about any properties of the
+/// output and will probably assert in debug builds in future versions.
+/// In particular, callers shouldn't assume the output to be the same across
+/// crate versions or CPU architectures and should not assume that non-ASCII
+/// input can't map to ASCII output.
+///
+/// The length of the destination buffer must be at least the length of the
+/// source buffer.
+///
+/// The number of bytes written equals the length of the source buffer.
+///
+/// # Panics
+///
+/// Panics if the destination buffer is shorter than stated above.
+///
+/// (Probably in future versions if debug assertions are enabled (and not
+/// fuzzing) and the input is not in the range U+0000 to U+00FF, inclusive.)
+pub fn convert_utf16_to_latin1_lossy(src: &[u16], dst: &mut [u8]) {
+    assert!(
+        dst.len() >= src.len(),
+        "Destination must not be shorter than the source."
+    );
+    // non_fuzz_debug_assert!(is_utf16_latin1(src));
+    unsafe {
+        pack_latin1(src.as_ptr(), dst.as_mut_ptr(), src.len());
+    }
+}
+
+/// Converts bytes whose unsigned value is interpreted as Unicode code point
+/// (i.e. U+0000 to U+00FF, inclusive) to UTF-8.
+///
+/// Borrows if input is ASCII-only. Performs a single heap allocation
+/// otherwise.
+///
+/// Only available if the `alloc` feature is enabled (enabled by default).
+#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
+pub fn decode_latin1<'a>(bytes: &'a [u8]) -> Cow<'a, str> {
+    let up_to = ascii_valid_up_to(bytes);
+    // >= makes later things optimize better than ==
+    if up_to >= bytes.len() {
+        debug_assert_eq!(up_to, bytes.len());
+        let s: &str = unsafe { ::core::str::from_utf8_unchecked(bytes) };
+        return Cow::Borrowed(s);
+    }
+    let (head, tail) = bytes.split_at(up_to);
+    let capacity = head.len() + tail.len() * 2;
+    let mut vec = Vec::with_capacity(capacity);
+    unsafe {
+        vec.set_len(capacity);
+    }
+    (&mut vec[..up_to]).copy_from_slice(head);
+    let written = convert_latin1_to_utf8(tail, &mut vec[up_to..]);
+    vec.truncate(up_to + written);
+    Cow::Owned(unsafe { String::from_utf8_unchecked(vec) })
+}
+
+/// If the input is valid UTF-8 representing only Unicode code points from
+/// U+0000 to U+00FF, inclusive, converts the input into output that
+/// represents the value of each code point as the unsigned byte value of
+/// each output byte.
+///
+/// If the input does not fulfill the condition stated above, this function
+/// panics if debug assertions are enabled (and fuzzing isn't) and otherwise
+/// does something that is memory-safe without any promises about any
+/// properties of the output. In particular, callers shouldn't assume the
+/// output to be the same across crate versions or CPU architectures and
+/// should not assume that non-ASCII input can't map to ASCII output.
+///
+/// Borrows if input is ASCII-only. Performs a single heap allocation
+/// otherwise.
+///
+/// Only available if the `alloc` feature is enabled (enabled by default).
+#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
+pub fn encode_latin1_lossy<'a>(string: &'a str) -> Cow<'a, [u8]> {
+    let bytes = string.as_bytes();
+    let up_to = ascii_valid_up_to(bytes);
+    // >= makes later things optimize better than ==
+    if up_to >= bytes.len() {
+        debug_assert_eq!(up_to, bytes.len());
+        return Cow::Borrowed(bytes);
+    }
+    let (head, tail) = bytes.split_at(up_to);
+    let capacity = bytes.len();
+    let mut vec = Vec::with_capacity(capacity);
+    unsafe {
+        vec.set_len(capacity);
+    }
+    (&mut vec[..up_to]).copy_from_slice(head);
+    let written = convert_utf8_to_latin1_lossy(tail, &mut vec[up_to..]);
+    vec.truncate(up_to + written);
+    Cow::Owned(vec)
+}
+
+/// Returns the index of the first unpaired surrogate or, if the input is
+/// valid UTF-16 in its entirety, the length of the input.
+pub fn utf16_valid_up_to(buffer: &[u16]) -> usize {
+    utf16_valid_up_to_impl(buffer)
+}
+
+/// Returns the index of first byte that starts an invalid byte
+/// sequence or a non-Latin1 byte sequence, or the length of the
+/// string if there are neither.
+pub fn utf8_latin1_up_to(buffer: &[u8]) -> usize {
+    is_utf8_latin1_impl(buffer).unwrap_or(buffer.len())
+}
+
+/// Returns the index of first byte that starts a non-Latin1 byte
+/// sequence, or the length of the string if there are none.
+pub fn str_latin1_up_to(buffer: &str) -> usize {
+    is_str_latin1_impl(buffer).unwrap_or_else(|| buffer.len())
+}
+
+/// Replaces unpaired surrogates in the input with the REPLACEMENT CHARACTER.
+#[inline]
+pub fn ensure_utf16_validity(buffer: &mut [u16]) {
+    let mut offset = 0;
+    loop {
+        offset += utf16_valid_up_to(&buffer[offset..]);
+        if offset == buffer.len() {
+            return;
+        }
+        buffer[offset] = 0xFFFD;
+        offset += 1;
+    }
+}
+
+/// Copies ASCII from source to destination up to the first non-ASCII byte
+/// (or the end of the input if it is ASCII in its entirety).
+///
+/// The length of the destination buffer must be at least the length of the
+/// source buffer.
+///
+/// Returns the number of bytes written.
+///
+/// # Panics
+///
+/// Panics if the destination buffer is shorter than stated above.
+pub fn copy_ascii_to_ascii(src: &[u8], dst: &mut [u8]) -> usize {
+    assert!(
+        dst.len() >= src.len(),
+        "Destination must not be shorter than the source."
+    );
+    if let Some((_, consumed)) =
+        unsafe { ascii_to_ascii(src.as_ptr(), dst.as_mut_ptr(), src.len()) }
+    {
+        consumed
+    } else {
+        src.len()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Copies ASCII from source to destination zero-extending it to UTF-16 up to
+/// the first non-ASCII byte (or the end of the input if it is ASCII in its
+/// entirety).
+///
+/// The length of the destination buffer must be at least the length of the
+/// source buffer.
+///
+/// Returns the number of `u16`s written.
+///
+/// # Panics
+///
+/// Panics if the destination buffer is shorter than stated above.
+pub fn copy_ascii_to_basic_latin(src: &[u8], dst: &mut [u16]) -> usize {
+    assert!(
+        dst.len() >= src.len(),
+        "Destination must not be shorter than the source."
+    );
+    if let Some((_, consumed)) =
+        unsafe { ascii_to_basic_latin(src.as_ptr(), dst.as_mut_ptr(), src.len()) }
+    {
+        consumed
+    } else {
+        src.len()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Copies Basic Latin from source to destination narrowing it to ASCII up to
+/// the first non-Basic Latin code unit (or the end of the input if it is
+/// Basic Latin in its entirety).
+///
+/// The length of the destination buffer must be at least the length of the
+/// source buffer.
+///
+/// Returns the number of bytes written.
+///
+/// # Panics
+///
+/// Panics if the destination buffer is shorter than stated above.
+pub fn copy_basic_latin_to_ascii(src: &[u16], dst: &mut [u8]) -> usize {
+    assert!(
+        dst.len() >= src.len(),
+        "Destination must not be shorter than the source."
+    );
+    if let Some((_, consumed)) =
+        unsafe { basic_latin_to_ascii(src.as_ptr(), dst.as_mut_ptr(), src.len()) }
+    {
+        consumed
+    } else {
+        src.len()
+    }
+}
+
+// Any copyright to the test code below this comment is dedicated to the
+// Public Domain. http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
+
+#[cfg(all(test, feature = "alloc"))]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_is_ascii_success() {
+        let mut src: Vec<u8> = Vec::with_capacity(128);
+        src.resize(128, 0);
+        for i in 0..src.len() {
+            src[i] = i as u8;
+        }
+        for i in 0..src.len() {
+            assert!(is_ascii(&src[i..]));
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_is_ascii_fail() {
+        let mut src: Vec<u8> = Vec::with_capacity(128);
+        src.resize(128, 0);
+        for i in 0..src.len() {
+            src[i] = i as u8;
+        }
+        for i in 0..src.len() {
+            let tail = &mut src[i..];
+            for j in 0..tail.len() {
+                tail[j] = 0xA0;
+                assert!(!is_ascii(tail));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_is_basic_latin_success() {
+        let mut src: Vec<u16> = Vec::with_capacity(128);
+        src.resize(128, 0);
+        for i in 0..src.len() {
+            src[i] = i as u16;
+        }
+        for i in 0..src.len() {
+            assert!(is_basic_latin(&src[i..]));
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_is_basic_latin_fail() {
+        let mut src: Vec<u16> = Vec::with_capacity(128);
+        src.resize(128, 0);
+        for i in 0..src.len() {
+            src[i] = i as u16;
+        }
+        for i in 0..src.len() {
+            let tail = &mut src[i..];
+            for j in 0..tail.len() {
+                tail[j] = 0xA0;
+                assert!(!is_basic_latin(tail));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_is_utf16_latin1_success() {
+        let mut src: Vec<u16> = Vec::with_capacity(256);
+        src.resize(256, 0);
+        for i in 0..src.len() {
+            src[i] = i as u16;
+        }
+        for i in 0..src.len() {
+            assert!(is_utf16_latin1(&src[i..]));
+            assert_eq!(
+                check_utf16_for_latin1_and_bidi(&src[i..]),
+                Latin1Bidi::Latin1
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_is_utf16_latin1_fail() {
+        let len = if cfg!(miri) { 64 } else { 256 }; // Miri is too slow
+        let mut src: Vec<u16> = Vec::with_capacity(len);
+        src.resize(len, 0);
+        for i in 0..src.len() {
+            src[i] = i as u16;
+        }
+        for i in 0..src.len() {
+            let tail = &mut src[i..];
+            for j in 0..tail.len() {
+                tail[j] = 0x100 + j as u16;
+                assert!(!is_utf16_latin1(tail));
+                assert_ne!(check_utf16_for_latin1_and_bidi(tail), Latin1Bidi::Latin1);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_is_str_latin1_success() {
+        let len = if cfg!(miri) { 64 } else { 256 }; // Miri is too slow
+        let mut src: Vec<u16> = Vec::with_capacity(len);
+        src.resize(len, 0);
+        for i in 0..src.len() {
+            src[i] = i as u16;
+        }
+        for i in 0..src.len() {
+            let s = String::from_utf16(&src[i..]).unwrap();
+            assert!(is_str_latin1(&s[..]));
+            assert_eq!(check_str_for_latin1_and_bidi(&s[..]), Latin1Bidi::Latin1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_is_str_latin1_fail() {
+        let len = if cfg!(miri) { 32 } else { 256 }; // Miri is too slow
+        let mut src: Vec<u16> = Vec::with_capacity(len);
+        src.resize(len, 0);
+        for i in 0..src.len() {
+            src[i] = i as u16;
+        }
+        for i in 0..src.len() {
+            let tail = &mut src[i..];
+            for j in 0..tail.len() {
+                tail[j] = 0x100 + j as u16;
+                let s = String::from_utf16(tail).unwrap();
+                assert!(!is_str_latin1(&s[..]));
+                assert_ne!(check_str_for_latin1_and_bidi(&s[..]), Latin1Bidi::Latin1);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_is_utf8_latin1_success() {
+        let len = if cfg!(miri) { 64 } else { 256 }; // Miri is too slow
+        let mut src: Vec<u16> = Vec::with_capacity(len);
+        src.resize(len, 0);
+        for i in 0..src.len() {
+            src[i] = i as u16;
+        }
+        for i in 0..src.len() {
+            let s = String::from_utf16(&src[i..]).unwrap();
+            assert!(is_utf8_latin1(s.as_bytes()));
+            assert_eq!(
+                check_utf8_for_latin1_and_bidi(s.as_bytes()),
+                Latin1Bidi::Latin1
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_is_utf8_latin1_fail() {
+        let len = if cfg!(miri) { 32 } else { 256 }; // Miri is too slow
+        let mut src: Vec<u16> = Vec::with_capacity(len);
+        src.resize(len, 0);
+        for i in 0..src.len() {
+            src[i] = i as u16;
+        }
+        for i in 0..src.len() {
+            let tail = &mut src[i..];
+            for j in 0..tail.len() {
+                tail[j] = 0x100 + j as u16;
+                let s = String::from_utf16(tail).unwrap();
+                assert!(!is_utf8_latin1(s.as_bytes()));
+                assert_ne!(
+                    check_utf8_for_latin1_and_bidi(s.as_bytes()),
+                    Latin1Bidi::Latin1
+                );
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_is_utf8_latin1_invalid() {
+        assert!(!is_utf8_latin1(b"\xC3"));
+        assert!(!is_utf8_latin1(b"a\xC3"));
+        assert!(!is_utf8_latin1(b"\xFF"));
+        assert!(!is_utf8_latin1(b"a\xFF"));
+        assert!(!is_utf8_latin1(b"\xC3\xFF"));
+        assert!(!is_utf8_latin1(b"a\xC3\xFF"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_convert_utf8_to_utf16() {
+        let src = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstu\u{1F4A9}v\u{2603}w\u{00B6}xyzz";
+        let mut dst: Vec<u16> = Vec::with_capacity(src.len() + 1);
+        dst.resize(src.len() + 1, 0);
+        let len = convert_utf8_to_utf16(src.as_bytes(), &mut dst[..]);
+        dst.truncate(len);
+        let reference: Vec<u16> = src.encode_utf16().collect();
+        assert_eq!(dst, reference);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_convert_str_to_utf16() {
+        let src = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstu\u{1F4A9}v\u{2603}w\u{00B6}xyzz";
+        let mut dst: Vec<u16> = Vec::with_capacity(src.len());
+        dst.resize(src.len(), 0);
+        let len = convert_str_to_utf16(src, &mut dst[..]);
+        dst.truncate(len);
+        let reference: Vec<u16> = src.encode_utf16().collect();
+        assert_eq!(dst, reference);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_convert_utf16_to_utf8_partial() {
+        let reference = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstu\u{1F4A9}v\u{2603}w\u{00B6}xyzz";
+        let src: Vec<u16> = reference.encode_utf16().collect();
+        let mut dst: Vec<u8> = Vec::with_capacity(src.len() * 3 + 1);
+        dst.resize(src.len() * 3 + 1, 0);
+        let (read, written) = convert_utf16_to_utf8_partial(&src[..], &mut dst[..24]);
+        let len = written + convert_utf16_to_utf8(&src[read..], &mut dst[written..]);
+        dst.truncate(len);
+        assert_eq!(dst, reference.as_bytes());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_convert_utf16_to_utf8() {
+        let reference = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstu\u{1F4A9}v\u{2603}w\u{00B6}xyzz";
+        let src: Vec<u16> = reference.encode_utf16().collect();
+        let mut dst: Vec<u8> = Vec::with_capacity(src.len() * 3 + 1);
+        dst.resize(src.len() * 3 + 1, 0);
+        let len = convert_utf16_to_utf8(&src[..], &mut dst[..]);
+        dst.truncate(len);
+        assert_eq!(dst, reference.as_bytes());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_convert_latin1_to_utf16() {
+        let mut src: Vec<u8> = Vec::with_capacity(256);
+        src.resize(256, 0);
+        let mut reference: Vec<u16> = Vec::with_capacity(256);
+        reference.resize(256, 0);
+        for i in 0..256 {
+            src[i] = i as u8;
+            reference[i] = i as u16;
+        }
+        let mut dst: Vec<u16> = Vec::with_capacity(src.len());
+        dst.resize(src.len(), 0);
+        convert_latin1_to_utf16(&src[..], &mut dst[..]);
+        assert_eq!(dst, reference);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_convert_latin1_to_utf8_partial() {
+        let mut dst = [0u8, 2];
+        let (read, written) = convert_latin1_to_utf8_partial(b"a\xFF", &mut dst[..]);
+        assert_eq!(read, 1);
+        assert_eq!(written, 1);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_convert_latin1_to_utf8() {
+        let mut src: Vec<u8> = Vec::with_capacity(256);
+        src.resize(256, 0);
+        let mut reference: Vec<u16> = Vec::with_capacity(256);
+        reference.resize(256, 0);
+        for i in 0..256 {
+            src[i] = i as u8;
+            reference[i] = i as u16;
+        }
+        let s = String::from_utf16(&reference[..]).unwrap();
+        let mut dst: Vec<u8> = Vec::with_capacity(src.len() * 2);
+        dst.resize(src.len() * 2, 0);
+        let len = convert_latin1_to_utf8(&src[..], &mut dst[..]);
+        dst.truncate(len);
+        assert_eq!(&dst[..], s.as_bytes());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_convert_utf8_to_latin1_lossy() {
+        let mut reference: Vec<u8> = Vec::with_capacity(256);
+        reference.resize(256, 0);
+        let mut src16: Vec<u16> = Vec::with_capacity(256);
+        src16.resize(256, 0);
+        for i in 0..256 {
+            src16[i] = i as u16;
+            reference[i] = i as u8;
+        }
+        let src = String::from_utf16(&src16[..]).unwrap();
+        let mut dst: Vec<u8> = Vec::with_capacity(src.len());
+        dst.resize(src.len(), 0);
+        let len = convert_utf8_to_latin1_lossy(src.as_bytes(), &mut dst[..]);
+        dst.truncate(len);
+        assert_eq!(dst, reference);
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(all(debug_assertions, not(fuzzing)))]
+    #[test]
+    #[should_panic]
+    fn test_convert_utf8_to_latin1_lossy_panics() {
+        let mut dst = [0u8; 16];
+        let _ = convert_utf8_to_latin1_lossy("\u{100}".as_bytes(), &mut dst[..]);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_convert_utf16_to_latin1_lossy() {
+        let mut src: Vec<u16> = Vec::with_capacity(256);
+        src.resize(256, 0);
+        let mut reference: Vec<u8> = Vec::with_capacity(256);
+        reference.resize(256, 0);
+        for i in 0..256 {
+            src[i] = i as u16;
+            reference[i] = i as u8;
+        }
+        let mut dst: Vec<u8> = Vec::with_capacity(src.len());
+        dst.resize(src.len(), 0);
+        convert_utf16_to_latin1_lossy(&src[..], &mut dst[..]);
+        assert_eq!(dst, reference);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    // #[should_panic]
+    fn test_convert_utf16_to_latin1_lossy_panics() {
+        let mut dst = [0u8; 16];
+        let _ = convert_utf16_to_latin1_lossy(&[0x0100u16], &mut dst[..]);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_utf16_valid_up_to() {
+        let valid = vec![
+            0u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0x2603u16,
+            0xD83Du16, 0xDCA9u16, 0x00B6u16,
+        ];
+        assert_eq!(utf16_valid_up_to(&valid[..]), 16);
+        let lone_high = vec![
+            0u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16,
+            0x2603u16, 0xD83Du16, 0x00B6u16,
+        ];
+        assert_eq!(utf16_valid_up_to(&lone_high[..]), 14);
+        let lone_low = vec![
+            0u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16,
+            0x2603u16, 0xDCA9u16, 0x00B6u16,
+        ];
+        assert_eq!(utf16_valid_up_to(&lone_low[..]), 14);
+        let lone_high_at_end = vec![
+            0u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16,
+            0x2603u16, 0x00B6u16, 0xD83Du16,
+        ];
+        assert_eq!(utf16_valid_up_to(&lone_high_at_end[..]), 15);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_ensure_utf16_validity() {
+        let mut src = vec![
+            0u16, 0xD83Du16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0xD83Du16, 0xDCA9u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16,
+            0u16, 0xDCA9u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16,
+            0u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16,
+        ];
+        let reference = vec![
+            0u16, 0xFFFDu16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0xD83Du16, 0xDCA9u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16,
+            0u16, 0xFFFDu16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16,
+            0u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16, 0u16,
+        ];
+        ensure_utf16_validity(&mut src[..]);
+        assert_eq!(src, reference);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_is_char_bidi() {
+        assert!(!is_char_bidi('a'));
+        assert!(!is_char_bidi('\u{03B1}'));
+        assert!(!is_char_bidi('\u{3041}'));
+        assert!(!is_char_bidi('\u{1F4A9}'));
+        assert!(!is_char_bidi('\u{FE00}'));
+        assert!(!is_char_bidi('\u{202C}'));
+        assert!(!is_char_bidi('\u{FEFF}'));
+        assert!(is_char_bidi('\u{0590}'));
+        assert!(is_char_bidi('\u{08FF}'));
+        assert!(is_char_bidi('\u{061C}'));
+        assert!(is_char_bidi('\u{FB50}'));
+        assert!(is_char_bidi('\u{FDFF}'));
+        assert!(is_char_bidi('\u{FE70}'));
+        assert!(is_char_bidi('\u{FEFE}'));
+        assert!(is_char_bidi('\u{200F}'));
+        assert!(is_char_bidi('\u{202B}'));
+        assert!(is_char_bidi('\u{202E}'));
+        assert!(is_char_bidi('\u{2067}'));
+        assert!(is_char_bidi('\u{10800}'));
+        assert!(is_char_bidi('\u{10FFF}'));
+        assert!(is_char_bidi('\u{1E800}'));
+        assert!(is_char_bidi('\u{1EFFF}'));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_is_utf16_code_unit_bidi() {
+        assert!(!is_utf16_code_unit_bidi(0x0062));
+        assert!(!is_utf16_code_unit_bidi(0x03B1));
+        assert!(!is_utf16_code_unit_bidi(0x3041));
+        assert!(!is_utf16_code_unit_bidi(0xD801));
+        assert!(!is_utf16_code_unit_bidi(0xFE00));
+        assert!(!is_utf16_code_unit_bidi(0x202C));
+        assert!(!is_utf16_code_unit_bidi(0xFEFF));
+        assert!(is_utf16_code_unit_bidi(0x0590));
+        assert!(is_utf16_code_unit_bidi(0x08FF));
+        assert!(is_utf16_code_unit_bidi(0x061C));
+        assert!(is_utf16_code_unit_bidi(0xFB1D));
+        assert!(is_utf16_code_unit_bidi(0xFB50));
+        assert!(is_utf16_code_unit_bidi(0xFDFF));
+        assert!(is_utf16_code_unit_bidi(0xFE70));
+        assert!(is_utf16_code_unit_bidi(0xFEFE));
+        assert!(is_utf16_code_unit_bidi(0x200F));
+        assert!(is_utf16_code_unit_bidi(0x202B));
+        assert!(is_utf16_code_unit_bidi(0x202E));
+        assert!(is_utf16_code_unit_bidi(0x2067));
+        assert!(is_utf16_code_unit_bidi(0xD802));
+        assert!(is_utf16_code_unit_bidi(0xD803));
+        assert!(is_utf16_code_unit_bidi(0xD83A));
+        assert!(is_utf16_code_unit_bidi(0xD83B));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_is_str_bidi() {
+        assert!(!is_str_bidi("abcdefghijklmnopaabcdefghijklmnop"));
+        assert!(!is_str_bidi("abcdefghijklmnop\u{03B1}abcdefghijklmnop"));
+        assert!(!is_str_bidi("abcdefghijklmnop\u{3041}abcdefghijklmnop"));
+        assert!(!is_str_bidi("abcdefghijklmnop\u{1F4A9}abcdefghijklmnop"));
+        assert!(!is_str_bidi("abcdefghijklmnop\u{FE00}abcdefghijklmnop"));
+        assert!(!is_str_bidi("abcdefghijklmnop\u{202C}abcdefghijklmnop"));
+        assert!(!is_str_bidi("abcdefghijklmnop\u{FEFF}abcdefghijklmnop"));
+        assert!(is_str_bidi("abcdefghijklmnop\u{0590}abcdefghijklmnop"));
+        assert!(is_str_bidi("abcdefghijklmnop\u{08FF}abcdefghijklmnop"));
+        assert!(is_str_bidi("abcdefghijklmnop\u{061C}abcdefghijklmnop"));
+        assert!(is_str_bidi("abcdefghijklmnop\u{FB50}abcdefghijklmnop"));
+        assert!(is_str_bidi("abcdefghijklmnop\u{FDFF}abcdefghijklmnop"));
+        assert!(is_str_bidi("abcdefghijklmnop\u{FE70}abcdefghijklmnop"));
+        assert!(is_str_bidi("abcdefghijklmnop\u{FEFE}abcdefghijklmnop"));
+        assert!(is_str_bidi("abcdefghijklmnop\u{200F}abcdefghijklmnop"));
+        assert!(is_str_bidi("abcdefghijklmnop\u{202B}abcdefghijklmnop"));
+        assert!(is_str_bidi("abcdefghijklmnop\u{202E}abcdefghijklmnop"));
+        assert!(is_str_bidi("abcdefghijklmnop\u{2067}abcdefghijklmnop"));
+        assert!(is_str_bidi("abcdefghijklmnop\u{10800}abcdefghijklmnop"));
+        assert!(is_str_bidi("abcdefghijklmnop\u{10FFF}abcdefghijklmnop"));
+        assert!(is_str_bidi("abcdefghijklmnop\u{1E800}abcdefghijklmnop"));
+        assert!(is_str_bidi("abcdefghijklmnop\u{1EFFF}abcdefghijklmnop"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_is_utf8_bidi() {
+        assert!(!is_utf8_bidi(
+            "abcdefghijklmnopaabcdefghijklmnop".as_bytes()
+        ));
+        assert!(!is_utf8_bidi(
+            "abcdefghijklmnop\u{03B1}abcdefghijklmnop".as_bytes()
+        ));
+        assert!(!is_utf8_bidi(
+            "abcdefghijklmnop\u{3041}abcdefghijklmnop".as_bytes()
+        ));
+        assert!(!is_utf8_bidi(
+            "abcdefghijklmnop\u{1F4A9}abcdefghijklmnop".as_bytes()
+        ));
+        assert!(!is_utf8_bidi(
+            "abcdefghijklmnop\u{FE00}abcdefghijklmnop".as_bytes()
+        ));
+        assert!(!is_utf8_bidi(
+            "abcdefghijklmnop\u{202C}abcdefghijklmnop".as_bytes()
+        ));
+        assert!(!is_utf8_bidi(
+            "abcdefghijklmnop\u{FEFF}abcdefghijklmnop".as_bytes()
+        ));
+        assert!(is_utf8_bidi(
+            "abcdefghijklmnop\u{0590}abcdefghijklmnop".as_bytes()
+        ));
+        assert!(is_utf8_bidi(
+            "abcdefghijklmnop\u{08FF}abcdefghijklmnop".as_bytes()
+        ));
+        assert!(is_utf8_bidi(
+            "abcdefghijklmnop\u{061C}abcdefghijklmnop".as_bytes()
+        ));
+        assert!(is_utf8_bidi(
+            "abcdefghijklmnop\u{FB50}abcdefghijklmnop".as_bytes()
+        ));
+        assert!(is_utf8_bidi(
+            "abcdefghijklmnop\u{FDFF}abcdefghijklmnop".as_bytes()
+        ));
+        assert!(is_utf8_bidi(
+            "abcdefghijklmnop\u{FE70}abcdefghijklmnop".as_bytes()
+        ));
+        assert!(is_utf8_bidi(
+            "abcdefghijklmnop\u{FEFE}abcdefghijklmnop".as_bytes()
+        ));
+        assert!(is_utf8_bidi(
+            "abcdefghijklmnop\u{200F}abcdefghijklmnop".as_bytes()
+        ));
+        assert!(is_utf8_bidi(
+            "abcdefghijklmnop\u{202B}abcdefghijklmnop".as_bytes()
+        ));
+        assert!(is_utf8_bidi(
+            "abcdefghijklmnop\u{202E}abcdefghijklmnop".as_bytes()
+        ));
+        assert!(is_utf8_bidi(
+            "abcdefghijklmnop\u{2067}abcdefghijklmnop".as_bytes()
+        ));
+        assert!(is_utf8_bidi(
+            "abcdefghijklmnop\u{10800}abcdefghijklmnop".as_bytes()
+        ));
+        assert!(is_utf8_bidi(
+            "abcdefghijklmnop\u{10FFF}abcdefghijklmnop".as_bytes()
+        ));
+        assert!(is_utf8_bidi(
+            "abcdefghijklmnop\u{1E800}abcdefghijklmnop".as_bytes()
+        ));
+        assert!(is_utf8_bidi(
+            "abcdefghijklmnop\u{1EFFF}abcdefghijklmnop".as_bytes()
+        ));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_is_utf16_bidi() {
+        assert!(!is_utf16_bidi(&[
+            0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69, 0x0062, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66,
+            0x67, 0x68, 0x69,
+        ]));
+        assert!(!is_utf16_bidi(&[
+            0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69, 0x03B1, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66,
+            0x67, 0x68, 0x69,
+        ]));
+        assert!(!is_utf16_bidi(&[
+            0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69, 0x3041, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66,
+            0x67, 0x68, 0x69,
+        ]));
+        assert!(!is_utf16_bidi(&[
+            0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69, 0xD801, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66,
+            0x67, 0x68, 0x69,
+        ]));
+        assert!(!is_utf16_bidi(&[
+            0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69, 0xFE00, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66,
+            0x67, 0x68, 0x69,
+        ]));
+        assert!(!is_utf16_bidi(&[
+            0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69, 0x202C, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66,
+            0x67, 0x68, 0x69,
+        ]));
+        assert!(!is_utf16_bidi(&[
+            0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69, 0xFEFF, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66,
+            0x67, 0x68, 0x69,
+        ]));
+        assert!(is_utf16_bidi(&[
+            0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69, 0x0590, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66,
+            0x67, 0x68, 0x69,
+        ]));
+        assert!(is_utf16_bidi(&[
+            0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69, 0x08FF, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66,
+            0x67, 0x68, 0x69,
+        ]));
+        assert!(is_utf16_bidi(&[
+            0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69, 0x061C, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66,
+            0x67, 0x68, 0x69,
+        ]));
+        assert!(is_utf16_bidi(&[
+            0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69, 0xFB1D, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66,
+            0x67, 0x68, 0x69,
+        ]));
+        assert!(is_utf16_bidi(&[
+            0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69, 0xFB50, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66,
+            0x67, 0x68, 0x69,
+        ]));
+        assert!(is_utf16_bidi(&[
+            0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69, 0xFDFF, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66,
+            0x67, 0x68, 0x69,
+        ]));
+        assert!(is_utf16_bidi(&[
+            0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69, 0xFE70, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66,
+            0x67, 0x68, 0x69,
+        ]));
+        assert!(is_utf16_bidi(&[
+            0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69, 0xFEFE, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66,
+            0x67, 0x68, 0x69,
+        ]));
+        assert!(is_utf16_bidi(&[
+            0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69, 0x200F, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66,
+            0x67, 0x68, 0x69,
+        ]));
+        assert!(is_utf16_bidi(&[
+            0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69, 0x202B, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66,
+            0x67, 0x68, 0x69,
+        ]));
+        assert!(is_utf16_bidi(&[
+            0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69, 0x202E, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66,
+            0x67, 0x68, 0x69,
+        ]));
+        assert!(is_utf16_bidi(&[
+            0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69, 0x2067, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66,
+            0x67, 0x68, 0x69,
+        ]));
+        assert!(is_utf16_bidi(&[
+            0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69, 0xD802, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66,
+            0x67, 0x68, 0x69,
+        ]));
+        assert!(is_utf16_bidi(&[
+            0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69, 0xD803, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66,
+            0x67, 0x68, 0x69,
+        ]));
+        assert!(is_utf16_bidi(&[
+            0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69, 0xD83A, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66,
+            0x67, 0x68, 0x69,
+        ]));
+        assert!(is_utf16_bidi(&[
+            0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69, 0xD83B, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66,
+            0x67, 0x68, 0x69,
+        ]));
+
+        assert!(is_utf16_bidi(&[
+            0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69, 0x0590, 0x3041, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65,
+            0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69,
+        ]));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_check_str_for_latin1_and_bidi() {
+        assert_ne!(
+            check_str_for_latin1_and_bidi("abcdefghijklmnopaabcdefghijklmnop"),
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        );
+        assert_ne!(
+            check_str_for_latin1_and_bidi("abcdefghijklmnop\u{03B1}abcdefghijklmnop"),
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        );
+        assert_ne!(
+            check_str_for_latin1_and_bidi("abcdefghijklmnop\u{3041}abcdefghijklmnop"),
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        );
+        assert_ne!(
+            check_str_for_latin1_and_bidi("abcdefghijklmnop\u{1F4A9}abcdefghijklmnop"),
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        );
+        assert_ne!(
+            check_str_for_latin1_and_bidi("abcdefghijklmnop\u{FE00}abcdefghijklmnop"),
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        );
+        assert_ne!(
+            check_str_for_latin1_and_bidi("abcdefghijklmnop\u{202C}abcdefghijklmnop"),
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        );
+        assert_ne!(
+            check_str_for_latin1_and_bidi("abcdefghijklmnop\u{FEFF}abcdefghijklmnop"),
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            check_str_for_latin1_and_bidi("abcdefghijklmnop\u{0590}abcdefghijklmnop"),
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            check_str_for_latin1_and_bidi("abcdefghijklmnop\u{08FF}abcdefghijklmnop"),
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            check_str_for_latin1_and_bidi("abcdefghijklmnop\u{061C}abcdefghijklmnop"),
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            check_str_for_latin1_and_bidi("abcdefghijklmnop\u{FB50}abcdefghijklmnop"),
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            check_str_for_latin1_and_bidi("abcdefghijklmnop\u{FDFF}abcdefghijklmnop"),
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            check_str_for_latin1_and_bidi("abcdefghijklmnop\u{FE70}abcdefghijklmnop"),
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            check_str_for_latin1_and_bidi("abcdefghijklmnop\u{FEFE}abcdefghijklmnop"),
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            check_str_for_latin1_and_bidi("abcdefghijklmnop\u{200F}abcdefghijklmnop"),
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            check_str_for_latin1_and_bidi("abcdefghijklmnop\u{202B}abcdefghijklmnop"),
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            check_str_for_latin1_and_bidi("abcdefghijklmnop\u{202E}abcdefghijklmnop"),
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            check_str_for_latin1_and_bidi("abcdefghijklmnop\u{2067}abcdefghijklmnop"),
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            check_str_for_latin1_and_bidi("abcdefghijklmnop\u{10800}abcdefghijklmnop"),
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            check_str_for_latin1_and_bidi("abcdefghijklmnop\u{10FFF}abcdefghijklmnop"),
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            check_str_for_latin1_and_bidi("abcdefghijklmnop\u{1E800}abcdefghijklmnop"),
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            check_str_for_latin1_and_bidi("abcdefghijklmnop\u{1EFFF}abcdefghijklmnop"),
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_check_utf8_for_latin1_and_bidi() {
+        assert_ne!(
+            check_utf8_for_latin1_and_bidi("abcdefghijklmnopaabcdefghijklmnop".as_bytes()),
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        );
+        assert_ne!(
+            check_utf8_for_latin1_and_bidi("abcdefghijklmnop\u{03B1}abcdefghijklmnop".as_bytes()),
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        );
+        assert_ne!(
+            check_utf8_for_latin1_and_bidi("abcdefghijklmnop\u{3041}abcdefghijklmnop".as_bytes()),
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        );
+        assert_ne!(
+            check_utf8_for_latin1_and_bidi("abcdefghijklmnop\u{1F4A9}abcdefghijklmnop".as_bytes()),
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        );
+        assert_ne!(
+            check_utf8_for_latin1_and_bidi("abcdefghijklmnop\u{FE00}abcdefghijklmnop".as_bytes()),
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        );
+        assert_ne!(
+            check_utf8_for_latin1_and_bidi("abcdefghijklmnop\u{202C}abcdefghijklmnop".as_bytes()),
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        );
+        assert_ne!(
+            check_utf8_for_latin1_and_bidi("abcdefghijklmnop\u{FEFF}abcdefghijklmnop".as_bytes()),
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            check_utf8_for_latin1_and_bidi("abcdefghijklmnop\u{0590}abcdefghijklmnop".as_bytes()),
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            check_utf8_for_latin1_and_bidi("abcdefghijklmnop\u{08FF}abcdefghijklmnop".as_bytes()),
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            check_utf8_for_latin1_and_bidi("abcdefghijklmnop\u{061C}abcdefghijklmnop".as_bytes()),
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            check_utf8_for_latin1_and_bidi("abcdefghijklmnop\u{FB50}abcdefghijklmnop".as_bytes()),
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            check_utf8_for_latin1_and_bidi("abcdefghijklmnop\u{FDFF}abcdefghijklmnop".as_bytes()),
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            check_utf8_for_latin1_and_bidi("abcdefghijklmnop\u{FE70}abcdefghijklmnop".as_bytes()),
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            check_utf8_for_latin1_and_bidi("abcdefghijklmnop\u{FEFE}abcdefghijklmnop".as_bytes()),
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            check_utf8_for_latin1_and_bidi("abcdefghijklmnop\u{200F}abcdefghijklmnop".as_bytes()),
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            check_utf8_for_latin1_and_bidi("abcdefghijklmnop\u{202B}abcdefghijklmnop".as_bytes()),
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            check_utf8_for_latin1_and_bidi("abcdefghijklmnop\u{202E}abcdefghijklmnop".as_bytes()),
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            check_utf8_for_latin1_and_bidi("abcdefghijklmnop\u{2067}abcdefghijklmnop".as_bytes()),
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            check_utf8_for_latin1_and_bidi("abcdefghijklmnop\u{10800}abcdefghijklmnop".as_bytes()),
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            check_utf8_for_latin1_and_bidi("abcdefghijklmnop\u{10FFF}abcdefghijklmnop".as_bytes()),
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            check_utf8_for_latin1_and_bidi("abcdefghijklmnop\u{1E800}abcdefghijklmnop".as_bytes()),
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            check_utf8_for_latin1_and_bidi("abcdefghijklmnop\u{1EFFF}abcdefghijklmnop".as_bytes()),
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_check_utf16_for_latin1_and_bidi() {
+        assert_ne!(
+            check_utf16_for_latin1_and_bidi(&[
+                0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69, 0x0062, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65,
+                0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69,
+            ]),
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        );
+        assert_ne!(
+            check_utf16_for_latin1_and_bidi(&[
+                0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69, 0x03B1, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65,
+                0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69,
+            ]),
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        );
+        assert_ne!(
+            check_utf16_for_latin1_and_bidi(&[
+                0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69, 0x3041, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65,
+                0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69,
+            ]),
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        );
+        assert_ne!(
+            check_utf16_for_latin1_and_bidi(&[
+                0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69, 0xD801, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65,
+                0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69,
+            ]),
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        );
+        assert_ne!(
+            check_utf16_for_latin1_and_bidi(&[
+                0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69, 0xFE00, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65,
+                0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69,
+            ]),
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        );
+        assert_ne!(
+            check_utf16_for_latin1_and_bidi(&[
+                0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69, 0x202C, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65,
+                0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69,
+            ]),
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        );
+        assert_ne!(
+            check_utf16_for_latin1_and_bidi(&[
+                0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69, 0xFEFF, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65,
+                0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69,
+            ]),
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            check_utf16_for_latin1_and_bidi(&[
+                0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69, 0x0590, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65,
+                0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69,
+            ]),
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            check_utf16_for_latin1_and_bidi(&[
+                0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69, 0x08FF, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65,
+                0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69,
+            ]),
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            check_utf16_for_latin1_and_bidi(&[
+                0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69, 0x061C, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65,
+                0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69,
+            ]),
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            check_utf16_for_latin1_and_bidi(&[
+                0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69, 0xFB1D, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65,
+                0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69,
+            ]),
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            check_utf16_for_latin1_and_bidi(&[
+                0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69, 0xFB50, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65,
+                0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69,
+            ]),
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            check_utf16_for_latin1_and_bidi(&[
+                0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69, 0xFDFF, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65,
+                0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69,
+            ]),
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            check_utf16_for_latin1_and_bidi(&[
+                0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69, 0xFE70, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65,
+                0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69,
+            ]),
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            check_utf16_for_latin1_and_bidi(&[
+                0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69, 0xFEFE, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65,
+                0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69,
+            ]),
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            check_utf16_for_latin1_and_bidi(&[
+                0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69, 0x200F, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65,
+                0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69,
+            ]),
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            check_utf16_for_latin1_and_bidi(&[
+                0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69, 0x202B, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65,
+                0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69,
+            ]),
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            check_utf16_for_latin1_and_bidi(&[
+                0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69, 0x202E, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65,
+                0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69,
+            ]),
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            check_utf16_for_latin1_and_bidi(&[
+                0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69, 0x2067, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65,
+                0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69,
+            ]),
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            check_utf16_for_latin1_and_bidi(&[
+                0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69, 0xD802, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65,
+                0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69,
+            ]),
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            check_utf16_for_latin1_and_bidi(&[
+                0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69, 0xD803, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65,
+                0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69,
+            ]),
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            check_utf16_for_latin1_and_bidi(&[
+                0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69, 0xD83A, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65,
+                0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69,
+            ]),
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            check_utf16_for_latin1_and_bidi(&[
+                0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69, 0xD83B, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65,
+                0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69,
+            ]),
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        );
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            check_utf16_for_latin1_and_bidi(&[
+                0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69, 0x0590, 0x3041, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64,
+                0x65, 0x66, 0x67, 0x68, 0x69,
+            ]),
+            Latin1Bidi::Bidi
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn reference_is_char_bidi(c: char) -> bool {
+        match c {
+            '\u{0590}'..='\u{08FF}'
+            | '\u{FB1D}'..='\u{FDFF}'
+            | '\u{FE70}'..='\u{FEFE}'
+            | '\u{10800}'..='\u{10FFF}'
+            | '\u{1E800}'..='\u{1EFFF}'
+            | '\u{200F}'
+            | '\u{202B}'
+            | '\u{202E}'
+            | '\u{2067}' => true,
+            _ => false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn reference_is_utf16_code_unit_bidi(u: u16) -> bool {
+        match u {
+            0x0590..=0x08FF
+            | 0xFB1D..=0xFDFF
+            | 0xFE70..=0xFEFE
+            | 0xD802
+            | 0xD803
+            | 0xD83A
+            | 0xD83B
+            | 0x200F
+            | 0x202B
+            | 0x202E
+            | 0x2067 => true,
+            _ => false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    #[cfg_attr(miri, ignore)] // Miri is too slow
+    fn test_is_char_bidi_thoroughly() {
+        for i in 0..0xD800u32 {
+            let c: char = ::core::char::from_u32(i).unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(is_char_bidi(c), reference_is_char_bidi(c));
+        }
+        for i in 0xE000..0x110000u32 {
+            let c: char = ::core::char::from_u32(i).unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(is_char_bidi(c), reference_is_char_bidi(c));
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    #[cfg_attr(miri, ignore)] // Miri is too slow
+    fn test_is_utf16_code_unit_bidi_thoroughly() {
+        for i in 0..0x10000u32 {
+            let u = i as u16;
+            assert_eq!(
+                is_utf16_code_unit_bidi(u),
+                reference_is_utf16_code_unit_bidi(u)
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    #[cfg_attr(miri, ignore)] // Miri is too slow
+    fn test_is_str_bidi_thoroughly() {
+        let mut buf = [0; 4];
+        for i in 0..0xD800u32 {
+            let c: char = ::core::char::from_u32(i).unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(
+                is_str_bidi(c.encode_utf8(&mut buf[..])),
+                reference_is_char_bidi(c)
+            );
+        }
+        for i in 0xE000..0x110000u32 {
+            let c: char = ::core::char::from_u32(i).unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(
+                is_str_bidi(c.encode_utf8(&mut buf[..])),
+                reference_is_char_bidi(c)
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    #[cfg_attr(miri, ignore)] // Miri is too slow
+    fn test_is_utf8_bidi_thoroughly() {
+        let mut buf = [0; 8];
+        for i in 0..0xD800u32 {
+            let c: char = ::core::char::from_u32(i).unwrap();
+            let expect = reference_is_char_bidi(c);
+            {
+                let len = {
+                    let bytes = c.encode_utf8(&mut buf[..]).as_bytes();
+                    assert_eq!(is_utf8_bidi(bytes), expect);
+                    bytes.len()
+                };
+                {
+                    let tail = &mut buf[len..];
+                    for b in tail.iter_mut() {
+                        *b = 0;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            assert_eq!(is_utf8_bidi(&buf[..]), expect);
+        }
+        for i in 0xE000..0x110000u32 {
+            let c: char = ::core::char::from_u32(i).unwrap();
+            let expect = reference_is_char_bidi(c);
+            {
+                let len = {
+                    let bytes = c.encode_utf8(&mut buf[..]).as_bytes();
+                    assert_eq!(is_utf8_bidi(bytes), expect);
+                    bytes.len()
+                };
+                {
+                    let tail = &mut buf[len..];
+                    for b in tail.iter_mut() {
+                        *b = 0;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            assert_eq!(is_utf8_bidi(&buf[..]), expect);
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    #[cfg_attr(miri, ignore)] // Miri is too slow
+    fn test_is_utf16_bidi_thoroughly() {
+        let mut buf = [0; 32];
+        for i in 0..0x10000u32 {
+            let u = i as u16;
+            buf[15] = u;
+            assert_eq!(
+                is_utf16_bidi(&buf[..]),
+                reference_is_utf16_code_unit_bidi(u)
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_is_utf8_bidi_edge_cases() {
+        assert!(!is_utf8_bidi(b"\xD5\xBF\x61"));
+        assert!(!is_utf8_bidi(b"\xD6\x80\x61"));
+        assert!(!is_utf8_bidi(b"abc"));
+        assert!(is_utf8_bidi(b"\xD5\xBF\xC2"));
+        assert!(is_utf8_bidi(b"\xD6\x80\xC2"));
+        assert!(is_utf8_bidi(b"ab\xC2"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_decode_latin1() {
+        match decode_latin1(b"ab") {
+            Cow::Borrowed(s) => {
+                assert_eq!(s, "ab");
+            }
+            Cow::Owned(_) => {
+                unreachable!("Should have borrowed");
+            }
+        }
+        assert_eq!(decode_latin1(b"a\xE4"), "a\u{E4}");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_encode_latin1_lossy() {
+        match encode_latin1_lossy("ab") {
+            Cow::Borrowed(s) => {
+                assert_eq!(s, b"ab");
+            }
+            Cow::Owned(_) => {
+                unreachable!("Should have borrowed");
+            }
+        }
+        assert_eq!(encode_latin1_lossy("a\u{E4}"), &(b"a\xE4")[..]);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_convert_utf8_to_utf16_without_replacement() {
+        let mut buf = [0u16; 5];
+        assert_eq!(
+            convert_utf8_to_utf16_without_replacement(b"ab", &mut buf[..2]),
+            Some(2)
+        );
+        assert_eq!(buf[0], u16::from(b'a'));
+        assert_eq!(buf[1], u16::from(b'b'));
+        assert_eq!(buf[2], 0);
+        assert_eq!(
+            convert_utf8_to_utf16_without_replacement(b"\xC3\xA4c", &mut buf[..3]),
+            Some(2)
+        );
+        assert_eq!(buf[0], 0xE4);
+        assert_eq!(buf[1], u16::from(b'c'));
+        assert_eq!(buf[2], 0);
+        assert_eq!(
+            convert_utf8_to_utf16_without_replacement(b"\xE2\x98\x83", &mut buf[..3]),
+            Some(1)
+        );
+        assert_eq!(buf[0], 0x2603);
+        assert_eq!(buf[1], u16::from(b'c'));
+        assert_eq!(buf[2], 0);
+        assert_eq!(
+            convert_utf8_to_utf16_without_replacement(b"\xE2\x98\x83d", &mut buf[..4]),
+            Some(2)
+        );
+        assert_eq!(buf[0], 0x2603);
+        assert_eq!(buf[1], u16::from(b'd'));
+        assert_eq!(buf[2], 0);
+        assert_eq!(
+            convert_utf8_to_utf16_without_replacement(b"\xE2\x98\x83\xC3\xA4", &mut buf[..5]),
+            Some(2)
+        );
+        assert_eq!(buf[0], 0x2603);
+        assert_eq!(buf[1], 0xE4);
+        assert_eq!(buf[2], 0);
+        assert_eq!(
+            convert_utf8_to_utf16_without_replacement(b"\xF0\x9F\x93\x8E", &mut buf[..4]),
+            Some(2)
+        );
+        assert_eq!(buf[0], 0xD83D);
+        assert_eq!(buf[1], 0xDCCE);
+        assert_eq!(buf[2], 0);
+        assert_eq!(
+            convert_utf8_to_utf16_without_replacement(b"\xF0\x9F\x93\x8Ee", &mut buf[..5]),
+            Some(3)
+        );
+        assert_eq!(buf[0], 0xD83D);
+        assert_eq!(buf[1], 0xDCCE);
+        assert_eq!(buf[2], u16::from(b'e'));
+        assert_eq!(
+            convert_utf8_to_utf16_without_replacement(b"\xF0\x9F\x93", &mut buf[..5]),
+            None
+        );
+    }
+}