wasmtime 9.0.4 → 10.0.0

data/ext/cargo-vendor/wasmtime-environ-10.0.0/src/component/types.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,1916 @@
+use crate::component::{MAX_FLAT_PARAMS, MAX_FLAT_RESULTS};
+use crate::{
+    EntityType, ModuleTypes, ModuleTypesBuilder, PrimaryMap, SignatureIndex, TypeConvert,
+    WasmHeapType,
+};
+use anyhow::{bail, Result};
+use cranelift_entity::EntityRef;
+use indexmap::IndexMap;
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::hash::Hash;
+use std::ops::Index;
+use wasmparser::{
+    ComponentAlias, ComponentOuterAliasKind, ComponentTypeDeclaration, InstanceTypeDeclaration,
+};
+use wasmtime_component_util::{DiscriminantSize, FlagsSize};
+
+pub use wasmtime_types::StaticModuleIndex;
+
+/// Maximum nesting depth of a type allowed in Wasmtime.
+///
+/// This constant isn't chosen via any scientific means and its main purpose is
+/// to enable most of Wasmtime to handle types via recursion without worrying
+/// about stack overflow.
+///
+/// Some more information about this can be found in #4814
+const MAX_TYPE_DEPTH: u32 = 100;
+
+macro_rules! indices {
+    ($(
+        $(#[$a:meta])*
+        pub struct $name:ident(u32);
+    )*) => ($(
+        $(#[$a])*
+        #[derive(
+            Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord, Debug,
+            Serialize, Deserialize,
+        )]
+        pub struct $name(u32);
+        cranelift_entity::entity_impl!($name);
+    )*);
+}
+
+indices! {
+    // ========================================================================
+    // These indices are used during compile time only when we're translating a
+    // component at this time. The actual indices are not persisted beyond the
+    // compile phase to when we're actually working with the component at
+    // runtime.
+
+    /// Index within a component's component type index space.
+    pub struct ComponentTypeIndex(u32);
+
+    /// Index within a component's module index space.
+    pub struct ModuleIndex(u32);
+
+    /// Index within a component's component index space.
+    pub struct ComponentIndex(u32);
+
+    /// Index within a component's module instance index space.
+    pub struct ModuleInstanceIndex(u32);
+
+    /// Index within a component's component instance index space.
+    pub struct ComponentInstanceIndex(u32);
+
+    /// Index within a component's component function index space.
+    pub struct ComponentFuncIndex(u32);
+
+    // ========================================================================
+    // These indices are used to lookup type information within a `TypeTables`
+    // structure. These represent generally deduplicated type information across
+    // an entire component and are a form of RTTI in a sense.
+
+    /// Index pointing to a component's type (exports/imports with
+    /// component-model types)
+    pub struct TypeComponentIndex(u32);
+
+    /// Index pointing to a component instance's type (exports with
+    /// component-model types, no imports)
+    pub struct TypeComponentInstanceIndex(u32);
+
+    /// Index pointing to a core wasm module's type (exports/imports with
+    /// core wasm types)
+    pub struct TypeModuleIndex(u32);
+
+    /// Index pointing to a component model function type with arguments/result
+    /// as interface types.
+    pub struct TypeFuncIndex(u32);
+
+    /// Index pointing to a record type in the component model (aka a struct).
+    pub struct TypeRecordIndex(u32);
+    /// Index pointing to a variant type in the component model (aka an enum).
+    pub struct TypeVariantIndex(u32);
+    /// Index pointing to a tuple type in the component model.
+    pub struct TypeTupleIndex(u32);
+    /// Index pointing to a flags type in the component model.
+    pub struct TypeFlagsIndex(u32);
+    /// Index pointing to an enum type in the component model.
+    pub struct TypeEnumIndex(u32);
+    /// Index pointing to a union type in the component model.
+    pub struct TypeUnionIndex(u32);
+    /// Index pointing to an option type in the component model (aka a
+    /// `Option<T, E>`)
+    pub struct TypeOptionIndex(u32);
+    /// Index pointing to an result type in the component model (aka a
+    /// `Result<T, E>`)
+    pub struct TypeResultIndex(u32);
+    /// Index pointing to a list type in the component model.
+    pub struct TypeListIndex(u32);
+
+    // ========================================================================
+    // Index types used to identify modules and components during compilation.
+
+    /// Index into a "closed over variables" list for components used to
+    /// implement outer aliases. For more information on this see the
+    /// documentation for the `LexicalScope` structure.
+    pub struct ModuleUpvarIndex(u32);
+
+    /// Same as `ModuleUpvarIndex` but for components.
+    pub struct ComponentUpvarIndex(u32);
+
+    /// Same as `StaticModuleIndex` but for components.
+    pub struct StaticComponentIndex(u32);
+
+    // ========================================================================
+    // These indices are actually used at runtime when managing a component at
+    // this time.
+
+    /// Index that represents a core wasm instance created at runtime.
+    ///
+    /// This is used to keep track of when instances are created and is able to
+    /// refer back to previously created instances for exports and such.
+    pub struct RuntimeInstanceIndex(u32);
+
+    /// Same as `RuntimeInstanceIndex` but tracks component instances instead.
+    pub struct RuntimeComponentInstanceIndex(u32);
+
+    /// Used to index imports into a `Component`
+    ///
+    /// This does not correspond to anything in the binary format for the
+    /// component model.
+    pub struct ImportIndex(u32);
+
+    /// Index that represents a leaf item imported into a component where a
+    /// "leaf" means "not an instance".
+    ///
+    /// This does not correspond to anything in the binary format for the
+    /// component model.
+    pub struct RuntimeImportIndex(u32);
+
+    /// Index that represents a lowered host function and is used to represent
+    /// host function lowerings with options and such.
+    ///
+    /// This does not correspond to anything in the binary format for the
+    /// component model.
+    pub struct LoweredIndex(u32);
+
+    /// Same as `LoweredIndex` but for the `CoreDef::AlwaysTrap` variant.
+    pub struct RuntimeAlwaysTrapIndex(u32);
+
+    /// Index representing a linear memory extracted from a wasm instance
+    /// which is stored in a `VMComponentContext`. This is used to deduplicate
+    /// references to the same linear memory where it's only stored once in a
+    /// `VMComponentContext`.
+    ///
+    /// This does not correspond to anything in the binary format for the
+    /// component model.
+    pub struct RuntimeMemoryIndex(u32);
+
+    /// Same as `RuntimeMemoryIndex` except for the `realloc` function.
+    pub struct RuntimeReallocIndex(u32);
+
+    /// Same as `RuntimeMemoryIndex` except for the `post-return` function.
+    pub struct RuntimePostReturnIndex(u32);
+
+    /// Index that represents an exported module from a component since that's
+    /// currently the only use for saving the entire module state at runtime.
+    pub struct RuntimeModuleIndex(u32);
+
+    /// Index into the list of transcoders identified during compilation.
+    ///
+    /// This is used to index the `VMFuncRef` slots reserved for string encoders
+    /// which reference linear memories defined within a component.
+    pub struct RuntimeTranscoderIndex(u32);
+}
+
+// Reexport for convenience some core-wasm indices which are also used in the
+// component model, typically for when aliasing exports of core wasm modules.
+pub use crate::{FuncIndex, GlobalIndex, MemoryIndex, TableIndex, TypeIndex};
+
+/// Equivalent of `EntityIndex` but for the component model instead of core
+/// wasm.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Deserialize, Serialize)]
+#[allow(missing_docs)]
+pub enum ComponentItem {
+    Func(ComponentFuncIndex),
+    Module(ModuleIndex),
+    Component(ComponentIndex),
+    ComponentInstance(ComponentInstanceIndex),
+    Type(TypeDef),
+}
+
+/// Runtime information about the type information contained within a component.
+///
+/// One of these is created per top-level component which describes all of the
+/// types contained within the top-level component itself. Each sub-component
+/// will have a pointer to this value as well.
+#[derive(Default, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct ComponentTypes {
+    modules: PrimaryMap<TypeModuleIndex, TypeModule>,
+    components: PrimaryMap<TypeComponentIndex, TypeComponent>,
+    component_instances: PrimaryMap<TypeComponentInstanceIndex, TypeComponentInstance>,
+    functions: PrimaryMap<TypeFuncIndex, TypeFunc>,
+    lists: PrimaryMap<TypeListIndex, TypeList>,
+    records: PrimaryMap<TypeRecordIndex, TypeRecord>,
+    variants: PrimaryMap<TypeVariantIndex, TypeVariant>,
+    tuples: PrimaryMap<TypeTupleIndex, TypeTuple>,
+    enums: PrimaryMap<TypeEnumIndex, TypeEnum>,
+    flags: PrimaryMap<TypeFlagsIndex, TypeFlags>,
+    unions: PrimaryMap<TypeUnionIndex, TypeUnion>,
+    options: PrimaryMap<TypeOptionIndex, TypeOption>,
+    results: PrimaryMap<TypeResultIndex, TypeResult>,
+
+    module_types: ModuleTypes,
+}
+
+impl ComponentTypes {
+    /// Returns the core wasm module types known within this component.
+    pub fn module_types(&self) -> &ModuleTypes {
+        &self.module_types
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the canonical ABI information about the specified type.
+    pub fn canonical_abi(&self, ty: &InterfaceType) -> &CanonicalAbiInfo {
+        match ty {
+            InterfaceType::U8 | InterfaceType::S8 | InterfaceType::Bool => {
+                &CanonicalAbiInfo::SCALAR1
+            }
+
+            InterfaceType::U16 | InterfaceType::S16 => &CanonicalAbiInfo::SCALAR2,
+
+            InterfaceType::U32
+            | InterfaceType::S32
+            | InterfaceType::Float32
+            | InterfaceType::Char => &CanonicalAbiInfo::SCALAR4,
+
+            InterfaceType::U64 | InterfaceType::S64 | InterfaceType::Float64 => {
+                &CanonicalAbiInfo::SCALAR8
+            }
+
+            InterfaceType::String | InterfaceType::List(_) => &CanonicalAbiInfo::POINTER_PAIR,
+
+            InterfaceType::Record(i) => &self[*i].abi,
+            InterfaceType::Variant(i) => &self[*i].abi,
+            InterfaceType::Tuple(i) => &self[*i].abi,
+            InterfaceType::Flags(i) => &self[*i].abi,
+            InterfaceType::Enum(i) => &self[*i].abi,
+            InterfaceType::Union(i) => &self[*i].abi,
+            InterfaceType::Option(i) => &self[*i].abi,
+            InterfaceType::Result(i) => &self[*i].abi,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+macro_rules! impl_index {
+    ($(impl Index<$ty:ident> for ComponentTypes { $output:ident => $field:ident })*) => ($(
+        impl std::ops::Index<$ty> for ComponentTypes {
+            type Output = $output;
+            fn index(&self, idx: $ty) -> &$output {
+                &self.$field[idx]
+            }
+        }
+    )*)
+}
+
+impl_index! {
+    impl Index<TypeModuleIndex> for ComponentTypes { TypeModule => modules }
+    impl Index<TypeComponentIndex> for ComponentTypes { TypeComponent => components }
+    impl Index<TypeComponentInstanceIndex> for ComponentTypes { TypeComponentInstance => component_instances }
+    impl Index<TypeFuncIndex> for ComponentTypes { TypeFunc => functions }
+    impl Index<TypeRecordIndex> for ComponentTypes { TypeRecord => records }
+    impl Index<TypeVariantIndex> for ComponentTypes { TypeVariant => variants }
+    impl Index<TypeTupleIndex> for ComponentTypes { TypeTuple => tuples }
+    impl Index<TypeEnumIndex> for ComponentTypes { TypeEnum => enums }
+    impl Index<TypeFlagsIndex> for ComponentTypes { TypeFlags => flags }
+    impl Index<TypeUnionIndex> for ComponentTypes { TypeUnion => unions }
+    impl Index<TypeOptionIndex> for ComponentTypes { TypeOption => options }
+    impl Index<TypeResultIndex> for ComponentTypes { TypeResult => results }
+    impl Index<TypeListIndex> for ComponentTypes { TypeList => lists }
+}
+
+// Additionally forward anything that can index `ModuleTypes` to `ModuleTypes`
+// (aka `SignatureIndex`)
+impl<T> Index<T> for ComponentTypes
+where
+    ModuleTypes: Index<T>,
+{
+    type Output = <ModuleTypes as Index<T>>::Output;
+    fn index(&self, idx: T) -> &Self::Output {
+        self.module_types.index(idx)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Structured used to build a [`ComponentTypes`] during translation.
+///
+/// This contains tables to intern any component types found as well as
+/// managing building up core wasm [`ModuleTypes`] as well.
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub struct ComponentTypesBuilder {
+    type_scopes: Vec<TypeScope>,
+    functions: HashMap<TypeFunc, TypeFuncIndex>,
+    lists: HashMap<TypeList, TypeListIndex>,
+    records: HashMap<TypeRecord, TypeRecordIndex>,
+    variants: HashMap<TypeVariant, TypeVariantIndex>,
+    tuples: HashMap<TypeTuple, TypeTupleIndex>,
+    enums: HashMap<TypeEnum, TypeEnumIndex>,
+    flags: HashMap<TypeFlags, TypeFlagsIndex>,
+    unions: HashMap<TypeUnion, TypeUnionIndex>,
+    options: HashMap<TypeOption, TypeOptionIndex>,
+    results: HashMap<TypeResult, TypeResultIndex>,
+
+    component_types: ComponentTypes,
+    module_types: ModuleTypesBuilder,
+
+    // Cache of what the "flat" representation of all types are which is only
+    // used at compile-time and not used at runtime, hence the location here
+    // as opposed to `ComponentTypes`.
+    type_info: TypeInformationCache,
+}
+
+#[derive(Default)]
+struct TypeScope {
+    core: PrimaryMap<TypeIndex, TypeDef>,
+    component: PrimaryMap<ComponentTypeIndex, TypeDef>,
+    instances: PrimaryMap<ComponentInstanceIndex, TypeComponentInstanceIndex>,
+}
+
+macro_rules! intern_and_fill_flat_types {
+    ($me:ident, $name:ident, $val:ident) => {{
+        if let Some(idx) = $me.$name.get(&$val) {
+            return *idx;
+        }
+        let idx = $me.component_types.$name.push($val.clone());
+        let mut info = TypeInformation::new();
+        info.$name($me, &$val);
+        let idx2 = $me.type_info.$name.push(info);
+        assert_eq!(idx, idx2);
+        $me.$name.insert($val, idx);
+        return idx;
+    }};
+}
+
+impl ComponentTypesBuilder {
+    /// Finishes this list of component types and returns the finished
+    /// structure.
+    pub fn finish(mut self) -> ComponentTypes {
+        self.component_types.module_types = self.module_types.finish();
+        self.component_types
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the `ComponentTypes`-in-progress.
+    pub fn component_types(&self) -> &ComponentTypes {
+        &self.component_types
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the underlying builder used to build up core wasm module types.
+    ///
+    /// Note that this is shared across all modules found within a component to
+    /// improve the wins from deduplicating function signatures.
+    pub fn module_types_builder(&mut self) -> &mut ModuleTypesBuilder {
+        &mut self.module_types
+    }
+
+    /// Pushes a new scope when entering a new index space for types in the
+    /// component model.
+    ///
+    /// This happens when a component is recursed into or a module/instance
+    /// type is recursed into.
+    pub fn push_type_scope(&mut self) {
+        self.type_scopes.push(Default::default());
+    }
+
+    /// Adds a new `TypeDef` definition within the current component types
+    /// scope.
+    ///
+    /// Returns the `ComponentTypeIndex` associated with the type being pushed.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    ///
+    /// Requires that `push_type_scope` was called previously.
+    pub fn push_component_typedef(&mut self, ty: TypeDef) -> ComponentTypeIndex {
+        debug_assert!(!matches!(ty, TypeDef::Module(_) | TypeDef::CoreFunc(_)));
+        self.type_scopes.last_mut().unwrap().component.push(ty)
+    }
+
+    /// Adds a new `TypeDef` definition within the current core types
+    /// scope.
+    ///
+    /// Returns the `TypeIndex` associated with the type being pushed. Note that
+    /// this should only be used with core-wasm-related `TypeDef` instances such
+    /// as `TypeDef::Module` and `TypeDef::CoreFunc`.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    ///
+    /// Requires that `push_type_scope` was called previously.
+    pub fn push_core_typedef(&mut self, ty: TypeDef) -> TypeIndex {
+        debug_assert!(matches!(ty, TypeDef::Module(_) | TypeDef::CoreFunc(_)));
+        self.type_scopes.last_mut().unwrap().core.push(ty)
+    }
+
+    /// Looks up an "outer" type in this builder to handle outer aliases.
+    ///
+    /// The `count` parameter and `ty` are taken from the binary format itself,
+    /// and the `TypeDef` returned is what the outer type refers to.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    ///
+    /// Assumes that `count` and `ty` are valid.
+    pub fn component_outer_type(&self, count: u32, ty: ComponentTypeIndex) -> TypeDef {
+        // Reverse the index and 0 means the "current scope"
+        let idx = self.type_scopes.len() - (count as usize) - 1;
+        self.type_scopes[idx].component[ty]
+    }
+
+    /// Same as `component_outer_type` but for core wasm types instead.
+    pub fn core_outer_type(&self, count: u32, ty: TypeIndex) -> TypeDef {
+        // Reverse the index and 0 means the "current scope"
+        let idx = self.type_scopes.len() - (count as usize) - 1;
+        self.type_scopes[idx].core[ty]
+    }
+
+    /// Pops a scope pushed by `push_type_scope`.
+    pub fn pop_type_scope(&mut self) {
+        self.type_scopes.pop().unwrap();
+    }
+
+    /// Translates a wasmparser `TypeComponent` into a Wasmtime `TypeDef`,
+    /// interning types along the way.
+    pub fn intern_component_type(&mut self, ty: &wasmparser::ComponentType<'_>) -> Result<TypeDef> {
+        Ok(match ty {
+            wasmparser::ComponentType::Defined(ty) => TypeDef::Interface(self.defined_type(ty)?),
+            wasmparser::ComponentType::Func(ty) => TypeDef::ComponentFunc(self.func_type(ty)),
+            wasmparser::ComponentType::Component(ty) => {
+                TypeDef::Component(self.component_type(ty)?)
+            }
+            wasmparser::ComponentType::Instance(ty) => {
+                TypeDef::ComponentInstance(self.component_instance_type(ty)?)
+            }
+            wasmparser::ComponentType::Resource { .. } => {
+                unimplemented!("resource types")
+            }
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Translates a wasmparser `CoreType` into a Wasmtime `TypeDef`,
+    /// interning types along the way.
+    pub fn intern_core_type(&mut self, ty: &wasmparser::CoreType<'_>) -> Result<TypeDef> {
+        Ok(match ty {
+            wasmparser::CoreType::Func(ty) => {
+                let ty = self.convert_func_type(ty);
+                TypeDef::CoreFunc(self.module_types.wasm_func_type(ty))
+            }
+            wasmparser::CoreType::Module(ty) => TypeDef::Module(self.module_type(ty)?),
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Translates a wasmparser `ComponentTypeRef` into a Wasmtime `TypeDef`.
+    pub fn component_type_ref(&self, ty: &wasmparser::ComponentTypeRef) -> TypeDef {
+        match ty {
+            wasmparser::ComponentTypeRef::Module(ty) => {
+                self.core_outer_type(0, TypeIndex::from_u32(*ty))
+            }
+            wasmparser::ComponentTypeRef::Func(ty)
+            | wasmparser::ComponentTypeRef::Type(wasmparser::TypeBounds::Eq(ty))
+            | wasmparser::ComponentTypeRef::Instance(ty)
+            | wasmparser::ComponentTypeRef::Component(ty) => {
+                self.component_outer_type(0, ComponentTypeIndex::from_u32(*ty))
+            }
+            wasmparser::ComponentTypeRef::Value(..) => {
+                unimplemented!("references to value types");
+            }
+            wasmparser::ComponentTypeRef::Type(wasmparser::TypeBounds::SubResource) => {
+                unimplemented!("resource types");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn module_type(
+        &mut self,
+        ty: &[wasmparser::ModuleTypeDeclaration<'_>],
+    ) -> Result<TypeModuleIndex> {
+        let mut result = TypeModule::default();
+        self.push_type_scope();
+
+        for item in ty {
+            match item {
+                wasmparser::ModuleTypeDeclaration::Type(wasmparser::Type::Func(f)) => {
+                    let f = self.convert_func_type(f);
+                    let ty = TypeDef::CoreFunc(self.module_types.wasm_func_type(f));
+                    self.push_core_typedef(ty);
+                }
+                wasmparser::ModuleTypeDeclaration::Type(wasmparser::Type::Array(_)) => {
+                    unimplemented!("gc types");
+                }
+                wasmparser::ModuleTypeDeclaration::Export { name, ty } => {
+                    let prev = result
+                        .exports
+                        .insert(name.to_string(), self.entity_type(ty)?);
+                    assert!(prev.is_none());
+                }
+                wasmparser::ModuleTypeDeclaration::Import(import) => {
+                    let prev = result.imports.insert(
+                        (import.module.to_string(), import.name.to_string()),
+                        self.entity_type(&import.ty)?,
+                    );
+                    assert!(prev.is_none());
+                }
+                wasmparser::ModuleTypeDeclaration::OuterAlias {
+                    kind: wasmparser::OuterAliasKind::Type,
+                    count,
+                    index,
+                } => {
+                    let ty = self.core_outer_type(*count, TypeIndex::from_u32(*index));
+                    self.push_core_typedef(ty);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        self.pop_type_scope();
+
+        Ok(self.component_types.modules.push(result))
+    }
+
+    fn entity_type(&self, ty: &wasmparser::TypeRef) -> Result<EntityType> {
+        Ok(match ty {
+            wasmparser::TypeRef::Func(idx) => {
+                let idx = TypeIndex::from_u32(*idx);
+                match self.core_outer_type(0, idx) {
+                    TypeDef::CoreFunc(idx) => EntityType::Function(idx),
+                    _ => unreachable!(), // not possible with valid components
+                }
+            }
+            wasmparser::TypeRef::Table(ty) => EntityType::Table(self.convert_table_type(ty)),
+            wasmparser::TypeRef::Memory(ty) => EntityType::Memory(ty.clone().into()),
+            wasmparser::TypeRef::Global(ty) => EntityType::Global(self.convert_global_type(ty)),
+            wasmparser::TypeRef::Tag(_) => bail!("exceptions proposal not implemented"),
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn component_type(
+        &mut self,
+        ty: &[ComponentTypeDeclaration<'_>],
+    ) -> Result<TypeComponentIndex> {
+        let mut result = TypeComponent::default();
+        self.push_type_scope();
+
+        for item in ty {
+            match item {
+                ComponentTypeDeclaration::Type(ty) => self.type_declaration_type(ty)?,
+                ComponentTypeDeclaration::CoreType(ty) => self.type_declaration_core_type(ty)?,
+                ComponentTypeDeclaration::Alias(alias) => self.type_declaration_alias(alias)?,
+                ComponentTypeDeclaration::Export { name, ty } => {
+                    let ty = self.type_declaration_define(ty);
+                    result.exports.insert(name.as_str().to_string(), ty);
+                }
+                ComponentTypeDeclaration::Import(import) => {
+                    let ty = self.type_declaration_define(&import.ty);
+                    result.imports.insert(import.name.as_str().to_string(), ty);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        self.pop_type_scope();
+
+        Ok(self.component_types.components.push(result))
+    }
+
+    fn component_instance_type(
+        &mut self,
+        ty: &[InstanceTypeDeclaration<'_>],
+    ) -> Result<TypeComponentInstanceIndex> {
+        let mut result = TypeComponentInstance::default();
+        self.push_type_scope();
+
+        for item in ty {
+            match item {
+                InstanceTypeDeclaration::Type(ty) => self.type_declaration_type(ty)?,
+                InstanceTypeDeclaration::CoreType(ty) => self.type_declaration_core_type(ty)?,
+                InstanceTypeDeclaration::Alias(alias) => self.type_declaration_alias(alias)?,
+                InstanceTypeDeclaration::Export { name, ty } => {
+                    let ty = self.type_declaration_define(ty);
+                    result.exports.insert(name.as_str().to_string(), ty);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        self.pop_type_scope();
+
+        Ok(self.component_types.component_instances.push(result))
+    }
+
+    fn type_declaration_type(&mut self, ty: &wasmparser::ComponentType<'_>) -> Result<()> {
+        let ty = self.intern_component_type(ty)?;
+        self.push_component_typedef(ty);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn type_declaration_core_type(&mut self, ty: &wasmparser::CoreType<'_>) -> Result<()> {
+        let ty = self.intern_core_type(ty)?;
+        self.push_core_typedef(ty);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn type_declaration_alias(&mut self, alias: &wasmparser::ComponentAlias<'_>) -> Result<()> {
+        match alias {
+            ComponentAlias::Outer {
+                kind: ComponentOuterAliasKind::CoreType,
+                count,
+                index,
+            } => {
+                let ty = self.core_outer_type(*count, TypeIndex::from_u32(*index));
+                self.push_core_typedef(ty);
+            }
+            ComponentAlias::Outer {
+                kind: ComponentOuterAliasKind::Type,
+                count,
+                index,
+            } => {
+                let ty = self.component_outer_type(*count, ComponentTypeIndex::from_u32(*index));
+                self.push_component_typedef(ty);
+            }
+            ComponentAlias::InstanceExport {
+                kind: _,
+                instance_index,
+                name,
+            } => {
+                let ty = self.type_scopes.last().unwrap().instances
+                    [ComponentInstanceIndex::from_u32(*instance_index)];
+                let ty = self.component_types[ty].exports[*name];
+                self.push_component_typedef(ty);
+            }
+            a => unreachable!("invalid alias {a:?}"),
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn type_declaration_define(&mut self, ty: &wasmparser::ComponentTypeRef) -> TypeDef {
+        let ty = self.component_type_ref(ty);
+        let scope = self.type_scopes.last_mut().unwrap();
+        match ty {
+            // If an import or an export within a component or instance type
+            // references an interface type itself then that creates a new type
+            // which is effectively an alias, so push the type information here.
+            TypeDef::Interface(_) => {
+                self.push_component_typedef(ty);
+            }
+
+            // When an import or an export references a component instance then
+            // that creates a "pseudo-instance" which type information is
+            // maintained about. This is later used during the `InstanceExport`
+            // alias within a type declaration.
+            TypeDef::ComponentInstance(ty) => {
+                scope.instances.push(ty);
+            }
+
+            // All other valid types are ignored since we don't need to maintain
+            // metadata about them here as index spaces are modified that we're
+            // not interested in.
+            _ => {}
+        }
+
+        ty
+    }
+
+    fn func_type(&mut self, ty: &wasmparser::ComponentFuncType<'_>) -> TypeFuncIndex {
+        let ty = TypeFunc {
+            params: ty
+                .params
+                .iter()
+                .map(|(_name, ty)| self.valtype(ty))
+                .collect(),
+            results: ty
+                .results
+                .iter()
+                .map(|(_name, ty)| self.valtype(ty))
+                .collect(),
+        };
+        self.add_func_type(ty)
+    }
+
+    fn defined_type(&mut self, ty: &wasmparser::ComponentDefinedType<'_>) -> Result<InterfaceType> {
+        let result = match ty {
+            wasmparser::ComponentDefinedType::Primitive(ty) => ty.into(),
+            wasmparser::ComponentDefinedType::Record(e) => {
+                InterfaceType::Record(self.record_type(e))
+            }
+            wasmparser::ComponentDefinedType::Variant(e) => {
+                InterfaceType::Variant(self.variant_type(e))
+            }
+            wasmparser::ComponentDefinedType::List(e) => InterfaceType::List(self.list_type(e)),
+            wasmparser::ComponentDefinedType::Tuple(e) => InterfaceType::Tuple(self.tuple_type(e)),
+            wasmparser::ComponentDefinedType::Flags(e) => InterfaceType::Flags(self.flags_type(e)),
+            wasmparser::ComponentDefinedType::Enum(e) => InterfaceType::Enum(self.enum_type(e)),
+            wasmparser::ComponentDefinedType::Union(e) => InterfaceType::Union(self.union_type(e)),
+            wasmparser::ComponentDefinedType::Option(e) => {
+                InterfaceType::Option(self.option_type(e))
+            }
+            wasmparser::ComponentDefinedType::Result { ok, err } => {
+                InterfaceType::Result(self.result_type(ok, err))
+            }
+            wasmparser::ComponentDefinedType::Own(_)
+            | wasmparser::ComponentDefinedType::Borrow(_) => {
+                unimplemented!("resource types")
+            }
+        };
+        let info = self.type_information(&result);
+        if info.depth > MAX_TYPE_DEPTH {
+            bail!("type nesting is too deep");
+        }
+        Ok(result)
+    }
+
+    fn valtype(&mut self, ty: &wasmparser::ComponentValType) -> InterfaceType {
+        match ty {
+            wasmparser::ComponentValType::Primitive(p) => p.into(),
+            wasmparser::ComponentValType::Type(idx) => {
+                let idx = ComponentTypeIndex::from_u32(*idx);
+                match self.component_outer_type(0, idx) {
+                    TypeDef::Interface(ty) => ty,
+                    // this should not be possible if the module validated
+                    _ => unreachable!(),
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn record_type(&mut self, record: &[(&str, wasmparser::ComponentValType)]) -> TypeRecordIndex {
+        let fields = record
+            .iter()
+            .map(|(name, ty)| RecordField {
+                name: name.to_string(),
+                ty: self.valtype(ty),
+            })
+            .collect::<Box<[_]>>();
+        let abi = CanonicalAbiInfo::record(
+            fields
+                .iter()
+                .map(|field| self.component_types.canonical_abi(&field.ty)),
+        );
+        self.add_record_type(TypeRecord { fields, abi })
+    }
+
+    fn variant_type(&mut self, cases: &[wasmparser::VariantCase<'_>]) -> TypeVariantIndex {
+        let cases = cases
+            .iter()
+            .map(|case| {
+                // FIXME: need to implement `refines`, not sure what that
+                // is at this time.
+                assert!(case.refines.is_none());
+                VariantCase {
+                    name: case.name.to_string(),
+                    ty: case.ty.as_ref().map(|ty| self.valtype(ty)),
+                }
+            })
+            .collect::<Box<[_]>>();
+        let (info, abi) = VariantInfo::new(cases.iter().map(|c| {
+            c.ty.as_ref()
+                .map(|ty| self.component_types.canonical_abi(ty))
+        }));
+        self.add_variant_type(TypeVariant { cases, abi, info })
+    }
+
+    fn tuple_type(&mut self, types: &[wasmparser::ComponentValType]) -> TypeTupleIndex {
+        let types = types
+            .iter()
+            .map(|ty| self.valtype(ty))
+            .collect::<Box<[_]>>();
+        let abi = CanonicalAbiInfo::record(
+            types
+                .iter()
+                .map(|ty| self.component_types.canonical_abi(ty)),
+        );
+        self.add_tuple_type(TypeTuple { types, abi })
+    }
+
+    fn flags_type(&mut self, flags: &[&str]) -> TypeFlagsIndex {
+        let flags = TypeFlags {
+            names: flags.iter().map(|s| s.to_string()).collect(),
+            abi: CanonicalAbiInfo::flags(flags.len()),
+        };
+        self.add_flags_type(flags)
+    }
+
+    fn enum_type(&mut self, variants: &[&str]) -> TypeEnumIndex {
+        let names = variants.iter().map(|s| s.to_string()).collect::<Box<[_]>>();
+        let (info, abi) = VariantInfo::new(names.iter().map(|_| None));
+        self.add_enum_type(TypeEnum { names, abi, info })
+    }
+
+    fn union_type(&mut self, types: &[wasmparser::ComponentValType]) -> TypeUnionIndex {
+        let types = types
+            .iter()
+            .map(|ty| self.valtype(ty))
+            .collect::<Box<[_]>>();
+        let (info, abi) = VariantInfo::new(
+            types
+                .iter()
+                .map(|t| Some(self.component_types.canonical_abi(t))),
+        );
+        self.add_union_type(TypeUnion { types, abi, info })
+    }
+
+    fn option_type(&mut self, ty: &wasmparser::ComponentValType) -> TypeOptionIndex {
+        let ty = self.valtype(ty);
+        let (info, abi) = VariantInfo::new([None, Some(self.component_types.canonical_abi(&ty))]);
+        self.add_option_type(TypeOption { ty, abi, info })
+    }
+
+    fn result_type(
+        &mut self,
+        ok: &Option<wasmparser::ComponentValType>,
+        err: &Option<wasmparser::ComponentValType>,
+    ) -> TypeResultIndex {
+        let ok = ok.as_ref().map(|ty| self.valtype(ty));
+        let err = err.as_ref().map(|ty| self.valtype(ty));
+        let (info, abi) = VariantInfo::new([
+            ok.as_ref().map(|t| self.component_types.canonical_abi(t)),
+            err.as_ref().map(|t| self.component_types.canonical_abi(t)),
+        ]);
+        self.add_result_type(TypeResult { ok, err, abi, info })
+    }
+
+    fn list_type(&mut self, ty: &wasmparser::ComponentValType) -> TypeListIndex {
+        let element = self.valtype(ty);
+        self.add_list_type(TypeList { element })
+    }
+
+    /// Interns a new function type within this type information.
+    pub fn add_func_type(&mut self, ty: TypeFunc) -> TypeFuncIndex {
+        intern(&mut self.functions, &mut self.component_types.functions, ty)
+    }
+
+    /// Interns a new record type within this type information.
+    pub fn add_record_type(&mut self, ty: TypeRecord) -> TypeRecordIndex {
+        intern_and_fill_flat_types!(self, records, ty)
+    }
+
+    /// Interns a new flags type within this type information.
+    pub fn add_flags_type(&mut self, ty: TypeFlags) -> TypeFlagsIndex {
+        intern_and_fill_flat_types!(self, flags, ty)
+    }
+
+    /// Interns a new tuple type within this type information.
+    pub fn add_tuple_type(&mut self, ty: TypeTuple) -> TypeTupleIndex {
+        intern_and_fill_flat_types!(self, tuples, ty)
+    }
+
+    /// Interns a new variant type within this type information.
+    pub fn add_variant_type(&mut self, ty: TypeVariant) -> TypeVariantIndex {
+        intern_and_fill_flat_types!(self, variants, ty)
+    }
+
+    /// Interns a new union type within this type information.
+    pub fn add_union_type(&mut self, ty: TypeUnion) -> TypeUnionIndex {
+        intern_and_fill_flat_types!(self, unions, ty)
+    }
+
+    /// Interns a new enum type within this type information.
+    pub fn add_enum_type(&mut self, ty: TypeEnum) -> TypeEnumIndex {
+        intern_and_fill_flat_types!(self, enums, ty)
+    }
+
+    /// Interns a new option type within this type information.
+    pub fn add_option_type(&mut self, ty: TypeOption) -> TypeOptionIndex {
+        intern_and_fill_flat_types!(self, options, ty)
+    }
+
+    /// Interns a new result type within this type information.
+    pub fn add_result_type(&mut self, ty: TypeResult) -> TypeResultIndex {
+        intern_and_fill_flat_types!(self, results, ty)
+    }
+
+    /// Interns a new type within this type information.
+    pub fn add_list_type(&mut self, ty: TypeList) -> TypeListIndex {
+        intern_and_fill_flat_types!(self, lists, ty)
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the canonical ABI information about the specified type.
+    pub fn canonical_abi(&self, ty: &InterfaceType) -> &CanonicalAbiInfo {
+        self.component_types.canonical_abi(ty)
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the "flat types" for the given interface type used in the
+    /// canonical ABI.
+    ///
+    /// Returns `None` if the type is too large to be represented via flat types
+    /// in the canonical abi.
+    pub fn flat_types(&self, ty: &InterfaceType) -> Option<FlatTypes<'_>> {
+        self.type_information(ty).flat.as_flat_types()
+    }
+
+    fn type_information(&self, ty: &InterfaceType) -> &TypeInformation {
+        match ty {
+            InterfaceType::U8
+            | InterfaceType::S8
+            | InterfaceType::Bool
+            | InterfaceType::U16
+            | InterfaceType::S16
+            | InterfaceType::U32
+            | InterfaceType::S32
+            | InterfaceType::Char => {
+                static INFO: TypeInformation = TypeInformation::primitive(FlatType::I32);
+                &INFO
+            }
+            InterfaceType::U64 | InterfaceType::S64 => {
+                static INFO: TypeInformation = TypeInformation::primitive(FlatType::I64);
+                &INFO
+            }
+            InterfaceType::Float32 => {
+                static INFO: TypeInformation = TypeInformation::primitive(FlatType::F32);
+                &INFO
+            }
+            InterfaceType::Float64 => {
+                static INFO: TypeInformation = TypeInformation::primitive(FlatType::F64);
+                &INFO
+            }
+            InterfaceType::String => {
+                static INFO: TypeInformation = TypeInformation::string();
+                &INFO
+            }
+
+            InterfaceType::List(i) => &self.type_info.lists[*i],
+            InterfaceType::Record(i) => &self.type_info.records[*i],
+            InterfaceType::Variant(i) => &self.type_info.variants[*i],
+            InterfaceType::Tuple(i) => &self.type_info.tuples[*i],
+            InterfaceType::Flags(i) => &self.type_info.flags[*i],
+            InterfaceType::Enum(i) => &self.type_info.enums[*i],
+            InterfaceType::Union(i) => &self.type_info.unions[*i],
+            InterfaceType::Option(i) => &self.type_info.options[*i],
+            InterfaceType::Result(i) => &self.type_info.results[*i],
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl TypeConvert for ComponentTypesBuilder {
+    fn lookup_heap_type(&self, index: TypeIndex) -> WasmHeapType {
+        match self.type_scopes.last().unwrap().core[index] {
+            TypeDef::CoreFunc(i) => WasmHeapType::TypedFunc(i),
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// Forward the indexing impl to the internal `TypeTables`
+impl<T> Index<T> for ComponentTypesBuilder
+where
+    ComponentTypes: Index<T>,
+{
+    type Output = <ComponentTypes as Index<T>>::Output;
+
+    fn index(&self, sig: T) -> &Self::Output {
+        &self.component_types[sig]
+    }
+}
+
+fn intern<T, U>(map: &mut HashMap<T, U>, list: &mut PrimaryMap<U, T>, item: T) -> U
+where
+    T: Hash + Clone + Eq,
+    U: Copy + EntityRef,
+{
+    if let Some(idx) = map.get(&item) {
+        return *idx;
+    }
+    let idx = list.push(item.clone());
+    map.insert(item, idx);
+    return idx;
+}
+
+/// Types of imports and exports in the component model.
+///
+/// These types are what's available for import and export in components. Note
+/// that all indirect indices contained here are intended to be looked up
+/// through a sibling `ComponentTypes` structure.
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub enum TypeDef {
+    /// A component and its type.
+    Component(TypeComponentIndex),
+    /// An instance of a component.
+    ComponentInstance(TypeComponentInstanceIndex),
+    /// A component function, not to be confused with a core wasm function.
+    ComponentFunc(TypeFuncIndex),
+    /// An interface type.
+    Interface(InterfaceType),
+    /// A core wasm module and its type.
+    Module(TypeModuleIndex),
+    /// A core wasm function using only core wasm types.
+    CoreFunc(SignatureIndex),
+}
+
+// NB: Note that maps below are stored as an `IndexMap` now but the order
+// typically does not matter. As a minor implementation detail we want the
+// serialization of this type to always be deterministic and using `IndexMap`
+// gets us that over using a `HashMap` for example.
+
+/// The type of a module in the component model.
+///
+/// Note that this is not to be confused with `TypeComponent` below. This is
+/// intended only for core wasm modules, not for components.
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Default)]
+pub struct TypeModule {
+    /// The values that this module imports.
+    ///
+    /// Note that the value of this map is a core wasm `EntityType`, not a
+    /// component model `TypeRef`. Additionally note that this reflects the
+    /// two-level namespace of core WebAssembly, but unlike core wasm all import
+    /// names are required to be unique to describe a module in the component
+    /// model.
+    pub imports: IndexMap<(String, String), EntityType>,
+
+    /// The values that this module exports.
+    ///
+    /// Note that the value of this map is the core wasm `EntityType` to
+    /// represent that core wasm items are being exported.
+    pub exports: IndexMap<String, EntityType>,
+}
+
+/// The type of a component in the component model.
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Default)]
+pub struct TypeComponent {
+    /// The named values that this component imports.
+    pub imports: IndexMap<String, TypeDef>,
+    /// The named values that this component exports.
+    pub exports: IndexMap<String, TypeDef>,
+}
+
+/// The type of a component instance in the component model, or an instantiated
+/// component.
+///
+/// Component instances only have exports of types in the component model.
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Default)]
+pub struct TypeComponentInstance {
+    /// The list of exports that this component has along with their types.
+    pub exports: IndexMap<String, TypeDef>,
+}
+
+/// A component function type in the component model.
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, Hash, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]
+pub struct TypeFunc {
+    /// The list of optionally named parameters for this function, and their
+    /// types.
+    pub params: Box<[InterfaceType]>,
+    /// The return values of this function.
+    pub results: Box<[InterfaceType]>,
+}
+
+/// All possible interface types that values can have.
+///
+/// This list represents an exhaustive listing of interface types and the
+/// shapes that they can take. Note that this enum is considered an "index" of
+/// forms where for non-primitive types a `ComponentTypes` structure is used to
+/// lookup further information based on the index found here.
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Copy, Clone, Hash, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]
+#[allow(missing_docs)]
+pub enum InterfaceType {
+    Bool,
+    S8,
+    U8,
+    S16,
+    U16,
+    S32,
+    U32,
+    S64,
+    U64,
+    Float32,
+    Float64,
+    Char,
+    String,
+    Record(TypeRecordIndex),
+    Variant(TypeVariantIndex),
+    List(TypeListIndex),
+    Tuple(TypeTupleIndex),
+    Flags(TypeFlagsIndex),
+    Enum(TypeEnumIndex),
+    Union(TypeUnionIndex),
+    Option(TypeOptionIndex),
+    Result(TypeResultIndex),
+}
+
+impl From<&wasmparser::PrimitiveValType> for InterfaceType {
+    fn from(ty: &wasmparser::PrimitiveValType) -> InterfaceType {
+        match ty {
+            wasmparser::PrimitiveValType::Bool => InterfaceType::Bool,
+            wasmparser::PrimitiveValType::S8 => InterfaceType::S8,
+            wasmparser::PrimitiveValType::U8 => InterfaceType::U8,
+            wasmparser::PrimitiveValType::S16 => InterfaceType::S16,
+            wasmparser::PrimitiveValType::U16 => InterfaceType::U16,
+            wasmparser::PrimitiveValType::S32 => InterfaceType::S32,
+            wasmparser::PrimitiveValType::U32 => InterfaceType::U32,
+            wasmparser::PrimitiveValType::S64 => InterfaceType::S64,
+            wasmparser::PrimitiveValType::U64 => InterfaceType::U64,
+            wasmparser::PrimitiveValType::Float32 => InterfaceType::Float32,
+            wasmparser::PrimitiveValType::Float64 => InterfaceType::Float64,
+            wasmparser::PrimitiveValType::Char => InterfaceType::Char,
+            wasmparser::PrimitiveValType::String => InterfaceType::String,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Bye information about a type in the canonical ABI, with metadata for both
+/// memory32 and memory64-based types.
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, Hash, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]
+pub struct CanonicalAbiInfo {
+    /// The byte-size of this type in a 32-bit memory.
+    pub size32: u32,
+    /// The byte-alignment of this type in a 32-bit memory.
+    pub align32: u32,
+    /// The byte-size of this type in a 64-bit memory.
+    pub size64: u32,
+    /// The byte-alignment of this type in a 64-bit memory.
+    pub align64: u32,
+    /// The number of types it takes to represents this type in the "flat"
+    /// representation of the canonical abi where everything is passed as
+    /// immediate arguments or results.
+    ///
+    /// If this is `None` then this type is not representable in the flat ABI
+    /// because it is too large.
+    pub flat_count: Option<u8>,
+}
+
+impl Default for CanonicalAbiInfo {
+    fn default() -> CanonicalAbiInfo {
+        CanonicalAbiInfo {
+            size32: 0,
+            align32: 1,
+            size64: 0,
+            align64: 1,
+            flat_count: Some(0),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+const fn align_to(a: u32, b: u32) -> u32 {
+    assert!(b.is_power_of_two());
+    (a + (b - 1)) & !(b - 1)
+}
+
+const fn max(a: u32, b: u32) -> u32 {
+    if a > b {
+        a
+    } else {
+        b
+    }
+}
+
+impl CanonicalAbiInfo {
+    /// ABI information for zero-sized types.
+    const ZERO: CanonicalAbiInfo = CanonicalAbiInfo {
+        size32: 0,
+        align32: 1,
+        size64: 0,
+        align64: 1,
+        flat_count: Some(0),
+    };
+
+    /// ABI information for one-byte scalars.
+    pub const SCALAR1: CanonicalAbiInfo = CanonicalAbiInfo::scalar(1);
+    /// ABI information for two-byte scalars.
+    pub const SCALAR2: CanonicalAbiInfo = CanonicalAbiInfo::scalar(2);
+    /// ABI information for four-byte scalars.
+    pub const SCALAR4: CanonicalAbiInfo = CanonicalAbiInfo::scalar(4);
+    /// ABI information for eight-byte scalars.
+    pub const SCALAR8: CanonicalAbiInfo = CanonicalAbiInfo::scalar(8);
+
+    const fn scalar(size: u32) -> CanonicalAbiInfo {
+        CanonicalAbiInfo {
+            size32: size,
+            align32: size,
+            size64: size,
+            align64: size,
+            flat_count: Some(1),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// ABI information for lists/strings which are "pointer pairs"
+    pub const POINTER_PAIR: CanonicalAbiInfo = CanonicalAbiInfo {
+        size32: 8,
+        align32: 4,
+        size64: 16,
+        align64: 8,
+        flat_count: Some(2),
+    };
+
+    /// Returns the abi for a record represented by the specified fields.
+    pub fn record<'a>(fields: impl Iterator<Item = &'a CanonicalAbiInfo>) -> CanonicalAbiInfo {
+        // NB: this is basically a duplicate copy of
+        // `CanonicalAbiInfo::record_static` and the two should be kept in sync.
+
+        let mut ret = CanonicalAbiInfo::default();
+        for field in fields {
+            ret.size32 = align_to(ret.size32, field.align32) + field.size32;
+            ret.align32 = ret.align32.max(field.align32);
+            ret.size64 = align_to(ret.size64, field.align64) + field.size64;
+            ret.align64 = ret.align64.max(field.align64);
+            ret.flat_count = add_flat(ret.flat_count, field.flat_count);
+        }
+        ret.size32 = align_to(ret.size32, ret.align32);
+        ret.size64 = align_to(ret.size64, ret.align64);
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    /// Same as `CanonicalAbiInfo::record` but in a `const`-friendly context.
+    pub const fn record_static(fields: &[CanonicalAbiInfo]) -> CanonicalAbiInfo {
+        // NB: this is basically a duplicate copy of `CanonicalAbiInfo::record`
+        // and the two should be kept in sync.
+
+        let mut ret = CanonicalAbiInfo::ZERO;
+        let mut i = 0;
+        while i < fields.len() {
+            let field = &fields[i];
+            ret.size32 = align_to(ret.size32, field.align32) + field.size32;
+            ret.align32 = max(ret.align32, field.align32);
+            ret.size64 = align_to(ret.size64, field.align64) + field.size64;
+            ret.align64 = max(ret.align64, field.align64);
+            ret.flat_count = add_flat(ret.flat_count, field.flat_count);
+            i += 1;
+        }
+        ret.size32 = align_to(ret.size32, ret.align32);
+        ret.size64 = align_to(ret.size64, ret.align64);
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the delta from the current value of `offset` to align properly
+    /// and read the next record field of type `abi` for 32-bit memories.
+    pub fn next_field32(&self, offset: &mut u32) -> u32 {
+        *offset = align_to(*offset, self.align32) + self.size32;
+        *offset - self.size32
+    }
+
+    /// Same as `next_field32`, but bumps a usize pointer
+    pub fn next_field32_size(&self, offset: &mut usize) -> usize {
+        let cur = u32::try_from(*offset).unwrap();
+        let cur = align_to(cur, self.align32) + self.size32;
+        *offset = usize::try_from(cur).unwrap();
+        usize::try_from(cur - self.size32).unwrap()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the delta from the current value of `offset` to align properly
+    /// and read the next record field of type `abi` for 64-bit memories.
+    pub fn next_field64(&self, offset: &mut u32) -> u32 {
+        *offset = align_to(*offset, self.align64) + self.size64;
+        *offset - self.size64
+    }
+
+    /// Same as `next_field64`, but bumps a usize pointer
+    pub fn next_field64_size(&self, offset: &mut usize) -> usize {
+        let cur = u32::try_from(*offset).unwrap();
+        let cur = align_to(cur, self.align64) + self.size64;
+        *offset = usize::try_from(cur).unwrap();
+        usize::try_from(cur - self.size64).unwrap()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns ABI information for a structure which contains `count` flags.
+    pub const fn flags(count: usize) -> CanonicalAbiInfo {
+        let (size, align, flat_count) = match FlagsSize::from_count(count) {
+            FlagsSize::Size0 => (0, 1, 0),
+            FlagsSize::Size1 => (1, 1, 1),
+            FlagsSize::Size2 => (2, 2, 1),
+            FlagsSize::Size4Plus(n) => ((n as u32) * 4, 4, n),
+        };
+        CanonicalAbiInfo {
+            size32: size,
+            align32: align,
+            size64: size,
+            align64: align,
+            flat_count: Some(flat_count),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn variant<'a, I>(cases: I) -> CanonicalAbiInfo
+    where
+        I: IntoIterator<Item = Option<&'a CanonicalAbiInfo>>,
+        I::IntoIter: ExactSizeIterator,
+    {
+        // NB: this is basically a duplicate definition of
+        // `CanonicalAbiInfo::variant_static`, these should be kept in sync.
+
+        let cases = cases.into_iter();
+        let discrim_size = u32::from(DiscriminantSize::from_count(cases.len()).unwrap());
+        let mut max_size32 = 0;
+        let mut max_align32 = discrim_size;
+        let mut max_size64 = 0;
+        let mut max_align64 = discrim_size;
+        let mut max_case_count = Some(0);
+        for case in cases {
+            if let Some(case) = case {
+                max_size32 = max_size32.max(case.size32);
+                max_align32 = max_align32.max(case.align32);
+                max_size64 = max_size64.max(case.size64);
+                max_align64 = max_align64.max(case.align64);
+                max_case_count = max_flat(max_case_count, case.flat_count);
+            }
+        }
+        CanonicalAbiInfo {
+            size32: align_to(
+                align_to(discrim_size, max_align32) + max_size32,
+                max_align32,
+            ),
+            align32: max_align32,
+            size64: align_to(
+                align_to(discrim_size, max_align64) + max_size64,
+                max_align64,
+            ),
+            align64: max_align64,
+            flat_count: add_flat(max_case_count, Some(1)),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Same as `CanonicalAbiInfo::variant` but `const`-safe
+    pub const fn variant_static(cases: &[Option<CanonicalAbiInfo>]) -> CanonicalAbiInfo {
+        // NB: this is basically a duplicate definition of
+        // `CanonicalAbiInfo::variant`, these should be kept in sync.
+
+        let discrim_size = match DiscriminantSize::from_count(cases.len()) {
+            Some(size) => size.byte_size(),
+            None => unreachable!(),
+        };
+        let mut max_size32 = 0;
+        let mut max_align32 = discrim_size;
+        let mut max_size64 = 0;
+        let mut max_align64 = discrim_size;
+        let mut max_case_count = Some(0);
+        let mut i = 0;
+        while i < cases.len() {
+            let case = &cases[i];
+            if let Some(case) = case {
+                max_size32 = max(max_size32, case.size32);
+                max_align32 = max(max_align32, case.align32);
+                max_size64 = max(max_size64, case.size64);
+                max_align64 = max(max_align64, case.align64);
+                max_case_count = max_flat(max_case_count, case.flat_count);
+            }
+            i += 1;
+        }
+        CanonicalAbiInfo {
+            size32: align_to(
+                align_to(discrim_size, max_align32) + max_size32,
+                max_align32,
+            ),
+            align32: max_align32,
+            size64: align_to(
+                align_to(discrim_size, max_align64) + max_size64,
+                max_align64,
+            ),
+            align64: max_align64,
+            flat_count: add_flat(max_case_count, Some(1)),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the flat count of this ABI information so long as the count
+    /// doesn't exceed the `max` specified.
+    pub fn flat_count(&self, max: usize) -> Option<usize> {
+        let flat = usize::from(self.flat_count?);
+        if flat > max {
+            None
+        } else {
+            Some(flat)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// ABI information about the representation of a variant.
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, Hash, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]
+pub struct VariantInfo {
+    /// The size of the discriminant used.
+    #[serde(with = "serde_discrim_size")]
+    pub size: DiscriminantSize,
+    /// The offset of the payload from the start of the variant in 32-bit
+    /// memories.
+    pub payload_offset32: u32,
+    /// The offset of the payload from the start of the variant in 64-bit
+    /// memories.
+    pub payload_offset64: u32,
+}
+
+impl VariantInfo {
+    /// Returns the abi information for a variant represented by the specified
+    /// cases.
+    pub fn new<'a, I>(cases: I) -> (VariantInfo, CanonicalAbiInfo)
+    where
+        I: IntoIterator<Item = Option<&'a CanonicalAbiInfo>>,
+        I::IntoIter: ExactSizeIterator,
+    {
+        let cases = cases.into_iter();
+        let size = DiscriminantSize::from_count(cases.len()).unwrap();
+        let abi = CanonicalAbiInfo::variant(cases);
+        (
+            VariantInfo {
+                size,
+                payload_offset32: align_to(u32::from(size), abi.align32),
+                payload_offset64: align_to(u32::from(size), abi.align64),
+            },
+            abi,
+        )
+    }
+    /// TODO
+    pub const fn new_static(cases: &[Option<CanonicalAbiInfo>]) -> VariantInfo {
+        let size = match DiscriminantSize::from_count(cases.len()) {
+            Some(size) => size,
+            None => unreachable!(),
+        };
+        let abi = CanonicalAbiInfo::variant_static(cases);
+        VariantInfo {
+            size,
+            payload_offset32: align_to(size.byte_size(), abi.align32),
+            payload_offset64: align_to(size.byte_size(), abi.align64),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+mod serde_discrim_size {
+    use super::DiscriminantSize;
+    use serde::{de::Error, Deserialize, Deserializer, Serialize, Serializer};
+
+    pub fn serialize<S>(disc: &DiscriminantSize, ser: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
+    where
+        S: Serializer,
+    {
+        u32::from(*disc).serialize(ser)
+    }
+
+    pub fn deserialize<'de, D>(deser: D) -> Result<DiscriminantSize, D::Error>
+    where
+        D: Deserializer<'de>,
+    {
+        match u32::deserialize(deser)? {
+            1 => Ok(DiscriminantSize::Size1),
+            2 => Ok(DiscriminantSize::Size2),
+            4 => Ok(DiscriminantSize::Size4),
+            _ => Err(D::Error::custom("invalid discriminant size")),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Shape of a "record" type in interface types.
+///
+/// This is equivalent to a `struct` in Rust.
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, Hash, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]
+pub struct TypeRecord {
+    /// The fields that are contained within this struct type.
+    pub fields: Box<[RecordField]>,
+    /// Byte information about this type in the canonical ABI.
+    pub abi: CanonicalAbiInfo,
+}
+
+/// One field within a record.
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, Hash, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]
+pub struct RecordField {
+    /// The name of the field, unique amongst all fields in a record.
+    pub name: String,
+    /// The type that this field contains.
+    pub ty: InterfaceType,
+}
+
+/// Shape of a "variant" type in interface types.
+///
+/// Variants are close to Rust `enum` declarations where a value is one of many
+/// cases and each case has a unique name and an optional payload associated
+/// with it.
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, Hash, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]
+pub struct TypeVariant {
+    /// The list of cases that this variant can take.
+    pub cases: Box<[VariantCase]>,
+    /// Byte information about this type in the canonical ABI.
+    pub abi: CanonicalAbiInfo,
+    /// Byte information about this variant type.
+    pub info: VariantInfo,
+}
+
+/// One case of a `variant` type which contains the name of the variant as well
+/// as the payload.
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, Hash, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]
+pub struct VariantCase {
+    /// Name of the variant, unique amongst all cases in a variant.
+    pub name: String,
+    /// Optional type associated with this payload.
+    pub ty: Option<InterfaceType>,
+}
+
+/// Shape of a "tuple" type in interface types.
+///
+/// This is largely the same as a tuple in Rust, basically a record with
+/// unnamed fields.
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, Hash, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]
+pub struct TypeTuple {
+    /// The types that are contained within this tuple.
+    pub types: Box<[InterfaceType]>,
+    /// Byte information about this type in the canonical ABI.
+    pub abi: CanonicalAbiInfo,
+}
+
+/// Shape of a "flags" type in interface types.
+///
+/// This can be thought of as a record-of-bools, although the representation is
+/// more efficient as bitflags.
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, Hash, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]
+pub struct TypeFlags {
+    /// The names of all flags, all of which are unique.
+    pub names: Box<[String]>,
+    /// Byte information about this type in the canonical ABI.
+    pub abi: CanonicalAbiInfo,
+}
+
+/// Shape of an "enum" type in interface types, not to be confused with a Rust
+/// `enum` type.
+///
+/// In interface types enums are simply a bag of names, and can be seen as a
+/// variant where all payloads are `Unit`.
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, Hash, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]
+pub struct TypeEnum {
+    /// The names of this enum, all of which are unique.
+    pub names: Box<[String]>,
+    /// Byte information about this type in the canonical ABI.
+    pub abi: CanonicalAbiInfo,
+    /// Byte information about this variant type.
+    pub info: VariantInfo,
+}
+
+/// Shape of a "union" type in interface types.
+///
+/// Note that this can be viewed as a specialization of the `variant` interface
+/// type where each type here has a name that's numbered. This is still a
+/// tagged union.
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, Hash, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]
+pub struct TypeUnion {
+    /// The list of types this is a union over.
+    pub types: Box<[InterfaceType]>,
+    /// Byte information about this type in the canonical ABI.
+    pub abi: CanonicalAbiInfo,
+    /// Byte information about this variant type.
+    pub info: VariantInfo,
+}
+
+/// Shape of an "option" interface type.
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, Hash, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]
+pub struct TypeOption {
+    /// The `T` in `Result<T, E>`
+    pub ty: InterfaceType,
+    /// Byte information about this type in the canonical ABI.
+    pub abi: CanonicalAbiInfo,
+    /// Byte information about this variant type.
+    pub info: VariantInfo,
+}
+
+/// Shape of a "result" interface type.
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, Hash, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]
+pub struct TypeResult {
+    /// The `T` in `Result<T, E>`
+    pub ok: Option<InterfaceType>,
+    /// The `E` in `Result<T, E>`
+    pub err: Option<InterfaceType>,
+    /// Byte information about this type in the canonical ABI.
+    pub abi: CanonicalAbiInfo,
+    /// Byte information about this variant type.
+    pub info: VariantInfo,
+}
+
+/// Shape of a "list" interface type.
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, Hash, Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]
+pub struct TypeList {
+    /// The element type of the list.
+    pub element: InterfaceType,
+}
+
+const MAX_FLAT_TYPES: usize = if MAX_FLAT_PARAMS > MAX_FLAT_RESULTS {
+    MAX_FLAT_PARAMS
+} else {
+    MAX_FLAT_RESULTS
+};
+
+const fn add_flat(a: Option<u8>, b: Option<u8>) -> Option<u8> {
+    const MAX: u8 = MAX_FLAT_TYPES as u8;
+    let sum = match (a, b) {
+        (Some(a), Some(b)) => match a.checked_add(b) {
+            Some(c) => c,
+            None => return None,
+        },
+        _ => return None,
+    };
+    if sum > MAX {
+        None
+    } else {
+        Some(sum)
+    }
+}
+
+const fn max_flat(a: Option<u8>, b: Option<u8>) -> Option<u8> {
+    match (a, b) {
+        (Some(a), Some(b)) => {
+            if a > b {
+                Some(a)
+            } else {
+                Some(b)
+            }
+        }
+        _ => None,
+    }
+}
+
+/// Flat representation of a type in just core wasm types.
+pub struct FlatTypes<'a> {
+    /// The flat representation of this type in 32-bit memories.
+    pub memory32: &'a [FlatType],
+    /// The flat representation of this type in 64-bit memories.
+    pub memory64: &'a [FlatType],
+}
+
+#[allow(missing_docs)]
+impl FlatTypes<'_> {
+    /// Returns the number of flat types used to represent this type.
+    ///
+    /// Note that this length is the same regardless to the size of memory.
+    pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
+        assert_eq!(self.memory32.len(), self.memory64.len());
+        self.memory32.len()
+    }
+}
+
+// Note that this is intentionally duplicated here to keep the size to 1 byte
+// irregardless to changes in the core wasm type system since this will only
+// ever use integers/floats for the forseeable future.
+#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Copy, Clone)]
+#[allow(missing_docs)]
+pub enum FlatType {
+    I32,
+    I64,
+    F32,
+    F64,
+}
+
+struct FlatTypesStorage {
+    // This could be represented as `Vec<FlatType>` but on 64-bit architectures
+    // that's 24 bytes. Otherwise `FlatType` is 1 byte large and
+    // `MAX_FLAT_TYPES` is 16, so it should ideally be more space-efficient to
+    // use a flat array instead of a heap-based vector.
+    memory32: [FlatType; MAX_FLAT_TYPES],
+    memory64: [FlatType; MAX_FLAT_TYPES],
+
+    // Tracks the number of flat types pushed into this storage. If this is
+    // `MAX_FLAT_TYPES + 1` then this storage represents an un-reprsentable
+    // type in flat types.
+    len: u8,
+}
+
+impl FlatTypesStorage {
+    const fn new() -> FlatTypesStorage {
+        FlatTypesStorage {
+            memory32: [FlatType::I32; MAX_FLAT_TYPES],
+            memory64: [FlatType::I32; MAX_FLAT_TYPES],
+            len: 0,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn as_flat_types(&self) -> Option<FlatTypes<'_>> {
+        let len = usize::from(self.len);
+        if len > MAX_FLAT_TYPES {
+            assert_eq!(len, MAX_FLAT_TYPES + 1);
+            None
+        } else {
+            Some(FlatTypes {
+                memory32: &self.memory32[..len],
+                memory64: &self.memory64[..len],
+            })
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Pushes a new flat type into this list using `t32` for 32-bit memories
+    /// and `t64` for 64-bit memories.
+    ///
+    /// Returns whether the type was actually pushed or whether this list of
+    /// flat types just exceeded the maximum meaning that it is now
+    /// unrepresentable with a flat list of types.
+    fn push(&mut self, t32: FlatType, t64: FlatType) -> bool {
+        let len = usize::from(self.len);
+        if len < MAX_FLAT_TYPES {
+            self.memory32[len] = t32;
+            self.memory64[len] = t64;
+            self.len += 1;
+            true
+        } else {
+            // If this was the first one to go over then flag the length as
+            // being incompatible with a flat representation.
+            if len == MAX_FLAT_TYPES {
+                self.len += 1;
+            }
+            false
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl FlatType {
+    fn join(&mut self, other: FlatType) {
+        if *self == other {
+            return;
+        }
+        *self = match (*self, other) {
+            (FlatType::I32, FlatType::F32) | (FlatType::F32, FlatType::I32) => FlatType::I32,
+            _ => FlatType::I64,
+        };
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Default)]
+struct TypeInformationCache {
+    records: PrimaryMap<TypeRecordIndex, TypeInformation>,
+    variants: PrimaryMap<TypeVariantIndex, TypeInformation>,
+    tuples: PrimaryMap<TypeTupleIndex, TypeInformation>,
+    enums: PrimaryMap<TypeEnumIndex, TypeInformation>,
+    flags: PrimaryMap<TypeFlagsIndex, TypeInformation>,
+    unions: PrimaryMap<TypeUnionIndex, TypeInformation>,
+    options: PrimaryMap<TypeOptionIndex, TypeInformation>,
+    results: PrimaryMap<TypeResultIndex, TypeInformation>,
+    lists: PrimaryMap<TypeListIndex, TypeInformation>,
+}
+
+struct TypeInformation {
+    depth: u32,
+    flat: FlatTypesStorage,
+}
+
+impl TypeInformation {
+    const fn new() -> TypeInformation {
+        TypeInformation {
+            depth: 0,
+            flat: FlatTypesStorage::new(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    const fn primitive(flat: FlatType) -> TypeInformation {
+        let mut info = TypeInformation::new();
+        info.depth = 1;
+        info.flat.memory32[0] = flat;
+        info.flat.memory64[0] = flat;
+        info.flat.len = 1;
+        info
+    }
+
+    const fn string() -> TypeInformation {
+        let mut info = TypeInformation::new();
+        info.depth = 1;
+        info.flat.memory32[0] = FlatType::I32;
+        info.flat.memory32[1] = FlatType::I32;
+        info.flat.memory64[0] = FlatType::I64;
+        info.flat.memory64[1] = FlatType::I64;
+        info.flat.len = 2;
+        info
+    }
+
+    /// Builds up all flat types internally using the specified representation
+    /// for all of the component fields of the record.
+    fn build_record<'a>(&mut self, types: impl Iterator<Item = &'a TypeInformation>) {
+        self.depth = 1;
+        for info in types {
+            self.depth = self.depth.max(1 + info.depth);
+            match info.flat.as_flat_types() {
+                Some(types) => {
+                    for (t32, t64) in types.memory32.iter().zip(types.memory64) {
+                        if !self.flat.push(*t32, *t64) {
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                None => {
+                    self.flat.len = u8::try_from(MAX_FLAT_TYPES + 1).unwrap();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Builds up the flat types used to represent a `variant` which notably
+    /// handles "join"ing types together so each case is representable as a
+    /// single flat list of types.
+    ///
+    /// The iterator item is:
+    ///
+    /// * `None` - no payload for this case
+    /// * `Some(None)` - this case has a payload but can't be represented with
+    ///   flat types
+    /// * `Some(Some(types))` - this case has a payload and is represented with
+    ///   the types specified in the flat representation.
+    fn build_variant<'a, I>(&mut self, cases: I)
+    where
+        I: IntoIterator<Item = Option<&'a TypeInformation>>,
+    {
+        let cases = cases.into_iter();
+        self.flat.push(FlatType::I32, FlatType::I32);
+        self.depth = 1;
+
+        for info in cases {
+            let info = match info {
+                Some(info) => info,
+                // If this case doesn't have a payload then it doesn't change
+                // the depth/flat representation
+                None => continue,
+            };
+            self.depth = self.depth.max(1 + info.depth);
+
+            // If this variant is already unrepresentable in a flat
+            // representation then this can be skipped.
+            if usize::from(self.flat.len) > MAX_FLAT_TYPES {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            let types = match info.flat.as_flat_types() {
+                Some(types) => types,
+                // If this case isn't representable with a flat list of types
+                // then this variant also isn't representable.
+                None => {
+                    self.flat.len = u8::try_from(MAX_FLAT_TYPES + 1).unwrap();
+                    continue;
+                }
+            };
+            // If the case used all of the flat types then the discriminant
+            // added for this variant means that this variant is no longer
+            // representable.
+            if types.memory32.len() >= MAX_FLAT_TYPES {
+                self.flat.len = u8::try_from(MAX_FLAT_TYPES + 1).unwrap();
+                continue;
+            }
+            let dst = self
+                .flat
+                .memory32
+                .iter_mut()
+                .zip(&mut self.flat.memory64)
+                .skip(1);
+            for (i, ((t32, t64), (dst32, dst64))) in types
+                .memory32
+                .iter()
+                .zip(types.memory64)
+                .zip(dst)
+                .enumerate()
+            {
+                if i + 1 < usize::from(self.flat.len) {
+                    // If this index hs already been set by some previous case
+                    // then the types are joined together.
+                    dst32.join(*t32);
+                    dst64.join(*t64);
+                } else {
+                    // Otherwise if this is the first time that the
+                    // representation has gotten this large then the destination
+                    // is simply whatever the type is. The length is also
+                    // increased here to indicate this.
+                    self.flat.len += 1;
+                    *dst32 = *t32;
+                    *dst64 = *t64;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn records(&mut self, types: &ComponentTypesBuilder, ty: &TypeRecord) {
+        self.build_record(ty.fields.iter().map(|f| types.type_information(&f.ty)));
+    }
+
+    fn tuples(&mut self, types: &ComponentTypesBuilder, ty: &TypeTuple) {
+        self.build_record(ty.types.iter().map(|t| types.type_information(t)));
+    }
+
+    fn enums(&mut self, _types: &ComponentTypesBuilder, _ty: &TypeEnum) {
+        self.depth = 1;
+        self.flat.push(FlatType::I32, FlatType::I32);
+    }
+
+    fn flags(&mut self, _types: &ComponentTypesBuilder, ty: &TypeFlags) {
+        self.depth = 1;
+        match FlagsSize::from_count(ty.names.len()) {
+            FlagsSize::Size0 => {}
+            FlagsSize::Size1 | FlagsSize::Size2 => {
+                self.flat.push(FlatType::I32, FlatType::I32);
+            }
+            FlagsSize::Size4Plus(n) => {
+                for _ in 0..n {
+                    self.flat.push(FlatType::I32, FlatType::I32);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn variants(&mut self, types: &ComponentTypesBuilder, ty: &TypeVariant) {
+        self.build_variant(
+            ty.cases
+                .iter()
+                .map(|c| c.ty.as_ref().map(|ty| types.type_information(ty))),
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn unions(&mut self, types: &ComponentTypesBuilder, ty: &TypeUnion) {
+        self.build_variant(ty.types.iter().map(|t| Some(types.type_information(t))))
+    }
+
+    fn results(&mut self, types: &ComponentTypesBuilder, ty: &TypeResult) {
+        self.build_variant([
+            ty.ok.as_ref().map(|ty| types.type_information(ty)),
+            ty.err.as_ref().map(|ty| types.type_information(ty)),
+        ])
+    }
+
+    fn options(&mut self, types: &ComponentTypesBuilder, ty: &TypeOption) {
+        self.build_variant([None, Some(types.type_information(&ty.ty))]);
+    }
+
+    fn lists(&mut self, types: &ComponentTypesBuilder, ty: &TypeList) {
+        *self = TypeInformation::string();
+        let info = types.type_information(&ty.element);
+        self.depth += info.depth;
+    }
+}