wasmtime 9.0.4 → 10.0.0

data/ext/cargo-vendor/wasmparser-0.103.0/src/validator/core.rs

@@ -1,1278 +0,0 @@
-//! State relating to validating a WebAssembly module.
-//!
-use super::{
-    check_max, combine_type_sizes,
-    operators::{ty_to_str, OperatorValidator, OperatorValidatorAllocations},
-    types::{EntityType, Type, TypeAlloc, TypeId, TypeList},
-};
-use crate::limits::*;
-use crate::validator::core::arc::MaybeOwned;
-use crate::{
-    BinaryReaderError, ConstExpr, Data, DataKind, Element, ElementKind, ExternalKind, FuncType,
-    Global, GlobalType, HeapType, MemoryType, RefType, Result, Table, TableInit, TableType,
-    TagType, TypeRef, ValType, VisitOperator, WasmFeatures, WasmFuncType, WasmModuleResources,
-};
-use indexmap::IndexMap;
-use std::mem;
-use std::{collections::HashSet, sync::Arc};
-
-// Section order for WebAssembly modules.
-//
-// Component sections are unordered and allow for duplicates,
-// so this isn't used for components.
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialOrd, Ord, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
-pub enum Order {
-    Initial,
-    Type,
-    Import,
-    Function,
-    Table,
-    Memory,
-    Tag,
-    Global,
-    Export,
-    Start,
-    Element,
-    DataCount,
-    Code,
-    Data,
-}
-
-impl Default for Order {
-    fn default() -> Order {
-        Order::Initial
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Default)]
-pub(crate) struct ModuleState {
-    /// Internal state that is incrementally built-up for the module being
-    /// validated. This houses type information for all wasm items, like
-    /// functions. Note that this starts out as a solely owned `Arc<T>` so we can
-    /// get mutable access, but after we get to the code section this is never
-    /// mutated to we can clone it cheaply and hand it to sub-validators.
-    pub module: arc::MaybeOwned<Module>,
-
-    /// Where we are, order-wise, in the wasm binary.
-    order: Order,
-
-    /// The number of data segments in the data section (if present).
-    pub data_segment_count: u32,
-
-    /// The number of functions we expect to be defined in the code section, or
-    /// basically the length of the function section if it was found. The next
-    /// index is where we are, in the code section index space, for the next
-    /// entry in the code section (used to figure out what type is next for the
-    /// function being validated).
-    pub expected_code_bodies: Option<u32>,
-
-    const_expr_allocs: OperatorValidatorAllocations,
-
-    /// When parsing the code section, represents the current index in the section.
-    code_section_index: Option<usize>,
-}
-
-impl ModuleState {
-    pub fn update_order(&mut self, order: Order, offset: usize) -> Result<()> {
-        if self.order >= order {
-            return Err(BinaryReaderError::new("section out of order", offset));
-        }
-
-        self.order = order;
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    pub fn validate_end(&self, offset: usize) -> Result<()> {
-        // Ensure that the data count section, if any, was correct.
-        if let Some(data_count) = self.module.data_count {
-            if data_count != self.data_segment_count {
-                return Err(BinaryReaderError::new(
-                    "data count and data section have inconsistent lengths",
-                    offset,
-                ));
-            }
-        }
-        // Ensure that the function section, if nonzero, was paired with a code
-        // section with the appropriate length.
-        if let Some(n) = self.expected_code_bodies {
-            if n > 0 {
-                return Err(BinaryReaderError::new(
-                    "function and code section have inconsistent lengths",
-                    offset,
-                ));
-            }
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    pub fn next_code_index_and_type(&mut self, offset: usize) -> Result<(u32, u32)> {
-        let index = self
-            .code_section_index
-            .get_or_insert(self.module.num_imported_functions as usize);
-
-        if *index >= self.module.functions.len() {
-            return Err(BinaryReaderError::new(
-                "code section entry exceeds number of functions",
-                offset,
-            ));
-        }
-
-        let ty = self.module.functions[*index];
-        *index += 1;
-
-        Ok(((*index - 1) as u32, ty))
-    }
-
-    pub fn add_global(
-        &mut self,
-        global: Global,
-        features: &WasmFeatures,
-        types: &TypeList,
-        offset: usize,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        self.module
-            .check_global_type(&global.ty, features, types, offset)?;
-        self.check_const_expr(&global.init_expr, global.ty.content_type, features, types)?;
-        self.module.assert_mut().globals.push(global.ty);
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    pub fn add_table(
-        &mut self,
-        table: Table<'_>,
-        features: &WasmFeatures,
-        types: &TypeList,
-        offset: usize,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        self.module
-            .check_table_type(&table.ty, features, types, offset)?;
-
-        match &table.init {
-            TableInit::RefNull => {
-                if !table.ty.element_type.is_nullable() {
-                    bail!(offset, "type mismatch: non-defaultable element type");
-                }
-            }
-            TableInit::Expr(expr) => {
-                if !features.function_references {
-                    bail!(
-                        offset,
-                        "tables with expression initializers require \
-                         the function-references proposal"
-                    );
-                }
-                self.check_const_expr(expr, table.ty.element_type.into(), features, types)?;
-            }
-        }
-        self.module.assert_mut().tables.push(table.ty);
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    pub fn add_data_segment(
-        &mut self,
-        data: Data,
-        features: &WasmFeatures,
-        types: &TypeList,
-        offset: usize,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        match data.kind {
-            DataKind::Passive => Ok(()),
-            DataKind::Active {
-                memory_index,
-                offset_expr,
-            } => {
-                let ty = self.module.memory_at(memory_index, offset)?.index_type();
-                self.check_const_expr(&offset_expr, ty, features, types)
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn add_element_segment(
-        &mut self,
-        e: Element,
-        features: &WasmFeatures,
-        types: &TypeList,
-        offset: usize,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        // the `funcref` value type is allowed all the way back to the MVP, so
-        // don't check it here
-        if e.ty != RefType::FUNCREF {
-            self.module
-                .check_value_type(ValType::Ref(e.ty), features, types, offset)?;
-        }
-        match e.kind {
-            ElementKind::Active {
-                table_index,
-                offset_expr,
-            } => {
-                let table = self.module.table_at(table_index.unwrap_or(0), offset)?;
-                if !self
-                    .module
-                    .matches(ValType::Ref(e.ty), ValType::Ref(table.element_type), types)
-                {
-                    return Err(BinaryReaderError::new(
-                        format!(
-                            "type mismatch: invalid element type `{}` for table type `{}`",
-                            ty_to_str(e.ty.into()),
-                            ty_to_str(table.element_type.into()),
-                        ),
-                        offset,
-                    ));
-                }
-
-                self.check_const_expr(&offset_expr, ValType::I32, features, types)?;
-            }
-            ElementKind::Passive | ElementKind::Declared => {
-                if !features.bulk_memory {
-                    return Err(BinaryReaderError::new(
-                        "bulk memory must be enabled",
-                        offset,
-                    ));
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        let validate_count = |count: u32| -> Result<(), BinaryReaderError> {
-            if count > MAX_WASM_TABLE_ENTRIES as u32 {
-                Err(BinaryReaderError::new(
-                    "number of elements is out of bounds",
-                    offset,
-                ))
-            } else {
-                Ok(())
-            }
-        };
-        match e.items {
-            crate::ElementItems::Functions(reader) => {
-                let count = reader.count();
-                if !e.ty.is_nullable() && count <= 0 {
-                    return Err(BinaryReaderError::new(
-                        "a non-nullable element must come with an initialization expression",
-                        offset,
-                    ));
-                }
-                validate_count(count)?;
-                for f in reader.into_iter_with_offsets() {
-                    let (offset, f) = f?;
-                    self.module.get_func_type(f, types, offset)?;
-                    self.module.assert_mut().function_references.insert(f);
-                }
-            }
-            crate::ElementItems::Expressions(reader) => {
-                validate_count(reader.count())?;
-                for expr in reader {
-                    self.check_const_expr(&expr?, ValType::Ref(e.ty), features, types)?;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        self.module.assert_mut().element_types.push(e.ty);
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn check_const_expr(
-        &mut self,
-        expr: &ConstExpr<'_>,
-        expected_ty: ValType,
-        features: &WasmFeatures,
-        types: &TypeList,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        let mut validator = VisitConstOperator {
-            offset: 0,
-            order: self.order,
-            uninserted_funcref: false,
-            ops: OperatorValidator::new_const_expr(
-                features,
-                expected_ty,
-                mem::take(&mut self.const_expr_allocs),
-            ),
-            resources: OperatorValidatorResources {
-                types,
-                module: &mut self.module,
-            },
-        };
-
-        let mut ops = expr.get_operators_reader();
-        while !ops.eof() {
-            validator.offset = ops.original_position();
-            ops.visit_operator(&mut validator)??;
-        }
-        validator.ops.finish(ops.original_position())?;
-
-        // See comment in `RefFunc` below for why this is an assert.
-        assert!(!validator.uninserted_funcref);
-
-        self.const_expr_allocs = validator.ops.into_allocations();
-
-        return Ok(());
-
-        struct VisitConstOperator<'a> {
-            offset: usize,
-            uninserted_funcref: bool,
-            ops: OperatorValidator,
-            resources: OperatorValidatorResources<'a>,
-            order: Order,
-        }
-
-        impl VisitConstOperator<'_> {
-            fn validator(&mut self) -> impl VisitOperator<'_, Output = Result<()>> {
-                self.ops.with_resources(&self.resources, self.offset)
-            }
-
-            fn validate_extended_const(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
-                if self.ops.features.extended_const {
-                    Ok(())
-                } else {
-                    Err(BinaryReaderError::new(
-                        "constant expression required: non-constant operator",
-                        self.offset,
-                    ))
-                }
-            }
-
-            fn validate_global(&mut self, index: u32) -> Result<()> {
-                let module = &self.resources.module;
-                let global = module.global_at(index, self.offset)?;
-                if index >= module.num_imported_globals {
-                    return Err(BinaryReaderError::new(
-                        "constant expression required: global.get of locally defined global",
-                        self.offset,
-                    ));
-                }
-                if global.mutable {
-                    return Err(BinaryReaderError::new(
-                        "constant expression required: global.get of mutable global",
-                        self.offset,
-                    ));
-                }
-                Ok(())
-            }
-
-            // Functions in initialization expressions are only valid in
-            // element segment initialization expressions and globals. In
-            // these contexts we want to record all function references.
-            //
-            // Initialization expressions can also be found in the data
-            // section, however. A `RefFunc` instruction in those situations
-            // is always invalid and needs to produce a validation error. In
-            // this situation, though, we can no longer modify
-            // the state since it's been "snapshot" already for
-            // parallel validation of functions.
-            //
-            // If we cannot modify the function references then this function
-            // *should* result in a validation error, but we defer that
-            // validation error to happen later. The `uninserted_funcref`
-            // boolean here is used to track this and will cause a panic
-            // (aka a fuzz bug) if we somehow forget to emit an error somewhere
-            // else.
-            fn insert_ref_func(&mut self, index: u32) {
-                if self.order == Order::Data {
-                    self.uninserted_funcref = true;
-                } else {
-                    self.resources
-                        .module
-                        .assert_mut()
-                        .function_references
-                        .insert(index);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        macro_rules! define_visit_operator {
-            ($(@$proposal:ident $op:ident $({ $($arg:ident: $argty:ty),* })? => $visit:ident)*) => {
-                $(
-                    #[allow(unused_variables)]
-                    fn $visit(&mut self $($(,$arg: $argty)*)?) -> Self::Output {
-                        define_visit_operator!(@visit self $visit $($($arg)*)?)
-                    }
-                )*
-            };
-
-            // These are always valid in const expressions
-            (@visit $self:ident visit_i32_const $val:ident) => {{
-                $self.validator().visit_i32_const($val)
-            }};
-            (@visit $self:ident visit_i64_const $val:ident) => {{
-                $self.validator().visit_i64_const($val)
-            }};
-            (@visit $self:ident visit_f32_const $val:ident) => {{
-                $self.validator().visit_f32_const($val)
-            }};
-            (@visit $self:ident visit_f64_const $val:ident) => {{
-                $self.validator().visit_f64_const($val)
-            }};
-            (@visit $self:ident visit_v128_const $val:ident) => {{
-                $self.validator().visit_v128_const($val)
-            }};
-            (@visit $self:ident visit_ref_null $val:ident) => {{
-                $self.validator().visit_ref_null($val)
-            }};
-            (@visit $self:ident visit_end) => {{
-                $self.validator().visit_end()
-            }};
-
-
-            // These are valid const expressions when the extended-const proposal is enabled.
-            (@visit $self:ident visit_i32_add) => {{
-                $self.validate_extended_const()?;
-                $self.validator().visit_i32_add()
-            }};
-            (@visit $self:ident visit_i32_sub) => {{
-                $self.validate_extended_const()?;
-                $self.validator().visit_i32_sub()
-            }};
-            (@visit $self:ident visit_i32_mul) => {{
-                $self.validate_extended_const()?;
-                $self.validator().visit_i32_mul()
-            }};
-            (@visit $self:ident visit_i64_add) => {{
-                $self.validate_extended_const()?;
-                $self.validator().visit_i64_add()
-            }};
-            (@visit $self:ident visit_i64_sub) => {{
-                $self.validate_extended_const()?;
-                $self.validator().visit_i64_sub()
-            }};
-            (@visit $self:ident visit_i64_mul) => {{
-                $self.validate_extended_const()?;
-                $self.validator().visit_i64_mul()
-            }};
-
-            // `global.get` is a valid const expression for imported, immutable
-            // globals.
-            (@visit $self:ident visit_global_get $idx:ident) => {{
-                $self.validate_global($idx)?;
-                $self.validator().visit_global_get($idx)
-            }};
-            // `ref.func`, if it's in a `global` initializer, will insert into
-            // the set of referenced functions so it's processed here.
-            (@visit $self:ident visit_ref_func $idx:ident) => {{
-                $self.insert_ref_func($idx);
-                $self.validator().visit_ref_func($idx)
-            }};
-
-            (@visit $self:ident $op:ident $($args:tt)*) => {{
-                Err(BinaryReaderError::new(
-                    "constant expression required: non-constant operator",
-                    $self.offset,
-                ))
-            }}
-        }
-
-        impl<'a> VisitOperator<'a> for VisitConstOperator<'a> {
-            type Output = Result<()>;
-
-            for_each_operator!(define_visit_operator);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-pub(crate) struct Module {
-    // This is set once the code section starts.
-    // `WasmModuleResources` implementations use the snapshot to
-    // enable parallel validation of functions.
-    pub snapshot: Option<Arc<TypeList>>,
-    // Stores indexes into the validator's types list.
-    pub types: Vec<TypeId>,
-    pub tables: Vec<TableType>,
-    pub memories: Vec<MemoryType>,
-    pub globals: Vec<GlobalType>,
-    pub element_types: Vec<RefType>,
-    pub data_count: Option<u32>,
-    // Stores indexes into `types`.
-    pub functions: Vec<u32>,
-    pub tags: Vec<TypeId>,
-    pub function_references: HashSet<u32>,
-    pub imports: IndexMap<(String, String), Vec<EntityType>>,
-    pub exports: IndexMap<String, EntityType>,
-    pub type_size: u32,
-    num_imported_globals: u32,
-    num_imported_functions: u32,
-}
-
-impl Module {
-    pub fn add_type(
-        &mut self,
-        ty: crate::Type,
-        features: &WasmFeatures,
-        types: &mut TypeAlloc,
-        offset: usize,
-        check_limit: bool,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        let ty = match ty {
-            crate::Type::Func(t) => {
-                for ty in t.params().iter().chain(t.results()) {
-                    self.check_value_type(*ty, features, types, offset)?;
-                }
-                if t.results().len() > 1 && !features.multi_value {
-                    return Err(BinaryReaderError::new(
-                        "func type returns multiple values but the multi-value feature is not enabled",
-                        offset,
-                    ));
-                }
-                Type::Func(t)
-            }
-        };
-
-        if check_limit {
-            check_max(self.types.len(), 1, MAX_WASM_TYPES, "types", offset)?;
-        }
-
-        let id = types.push_ty(ty);
-        self.types.push(id);
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    pub fn add_import(
-        &mut self,
-        import: crate::Import,
-        features: &WasmFeatures,
-        types: &TypeList,
-        offset: usize,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        let entity = self.check_type_ref(&import.ty, features, types, offset)?;
-
-        let (len, max, desc) = match import.ty {
-            TypeRef::Func(type_index) => {
-                self.functions.push(type_index);
-                self.num_imported_functions += 1;
-                (self.functions.len(), MAX_WASM_FUNCTIONS, "functions")
-            }
-            TypeRef::Table(ty) => {
-                self.tables.push(ty);
-                (self.tables.len(), self.max_tables(features), "tables")
-            }
-            TypeRef::Memory(ty) => {
-                self.memories.push(ty);
-                (self.memories.len(), self.max_memories(features), "memories")
-            }
-            TypeRef::Tag(ty) => {
-                self.tags.push(self.types[ty.func_type_idx as usize]);
-                (self.tags.len(), MAX_WASM_TAGS, "tags")
-            }
-            TypeRef::Global(ty) => {
-                if !features.mutable_global && ty.mutable {
-                    return Err(BinaryReaderError::new(
-                        "mutable global support is not enabled",
-                        offset,
-                    ));
-                }
-                self.globals.push(ty);
-                self.num_imported_globals += 1;
-                (self.globals.len(), MAX_WASM_GLOBALS, "globals")
-            }
-        };
-
-        check_max(len, 0, max, desc, offset)?;
-
-        self.type_size = combine_type_sizes(self.type_size, entity.type_size(), offset)?;
-
-        self.imports
-            .entry((import.module.to_string(), import.name.to_string()))
-            .or_default()
-            .push(entity);
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    pub fn add_export(
-        &mut self,
-        name: &str,
-        ty: EntityType,
-        features: &WasmFeatures,
-        offset: usize,
-        check_limit: bool,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        if !features.mutable_global {
-            if let EntityType::Global(global_type) = ty {
-                if global_type.mutable {
-                    return Err(BinaryReaderError::new(
-                        "mutable global support is not enabled",
-                        offset,
-                    ));
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        if check_limit {
-            check_max(self.exports.len(), 1, MAX_WASM_EXPORTS, "exports", offset)?;
-        }
-
-        self.type_size = combine_type_sizes(self.type_size, ty.type_size(), offset)?;
-
-        match self.exports.insert(name.to_string(), ty) {
-            Some(_) => Err(format_err!(
-                offset,
-                "duplicate export name `{name}` already defined"
-            )),
-            None => Ok(()),
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn add_function(&mut self, type_index: u32, types: &TypeList, offset: usize) -> Result<()> {
-        self.func_type_at(type_index, types, offset)?;
-        self.functions.push(type_index);
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    pub fn add_memory(
-        &mut self,
-        ty: MemoryType,
-        features: &WasmFeatures,
-        offset: usize,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        self.check_memory_type(&ty, features, offset)?;
-        self.memories.push(ty);
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    pub fn add_tag(
-        &mut self,
-        ty: TagType,
-        features: &WasmFeatures,
-        types: &TypeList,
-        offset: usize,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        self.check_tag_type(&ty, features, types, offset)?;
-        self.tags.push(self.types[ty.func_type_idx as usize]);
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    pub fn type_at(&self, idx: u32, offset: usize) -> Result<TypeId> {
-        self.types
-            .get(idx as usize)
-            .copied()
-            .ok_or_else(|| format_err!(offset, "unknown type {idx}: type index out of bounds"))
-    }
-
-    fn func_type_at<'a>(
-        &self,
-        type_index: u32,
-        types: &'a TypeList,
-        offset: usize,
-    ) -> Result<&'a FuncType> {
-        types[self.type_at(type_index, offset)?]
-            .as_func_type()
-            .ok_or_else(|| format_err!(offset, "type index {type_index} is not a function type"))
-    }
-
-    pub fn check_type_ref(
-        &self,
-        type_ref: &TypeRef,
-        features: &WasmFeatures,
-        types: &TypeList,
-        offset: usize,
-    ) -> Result<EntityType> {
-        Ok(match type_ref {
-            TypeRef::Func(type_index) => {
-                self.func_type_at(*type_index, types, offset)?;
-                EntityType::Func(self.types[*type_index as usize])
-            }
-            TypeRef::Table(t) => {
-                self.check_table_type(t, features, types, offset)?;
-                EntityType::Table(*t)
-            }
-            TypeRef::Memory(t) => {
-                self.check_memory_type(t, features, offset)?;
-                EntityType::Memory(*t)
-            }
-            TypeRef::Tag(t) => {
-                self.check_tag_type(t, features, types, offset)?;
-                EntityType::Tag(self.types[t.func_type_idx as usize])
-            }
-            TypeRef::Global(t) => {
-                self.check_global_type(t, features, types, offset)?;
-                EntityType::Global(*t)
-            }
-        })
-    }
-
-    fn check_table_type(
-        &self,
-        ty: &TableType,
-        features: &WasmFeatures,
-        types: &TypeList,
-        offset: usize,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        // the `funcref` value type is allowed all the way back to the MVP, so
-        // don't check it here
-        if ty.element_type != RefType::FUNCREF {
-            self.check_value_type(ValType::Ref(ty.element_type), features, types, offset)?
-        }
-
-        self.check_limits(ty.initial, ty.maximum, offset)?;
-        if ty.initial > MAX_WASM_TABLE_ENTRIES as u32 {
-            return Err(BinaryReaderError::new(
-                "minimum table size is out of bounds",
-                offset,
-            ));
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn check_memory_type(
-        &self,
-        ty: &MemoryType,
-        features: &WasmFeatures,
-        offset: usize,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        self.check_limits(ty.initial, ty.maximum, offset)?;
-        let (true_maximum, err) = if ty.memory64 {
-            if !features.memory64 {
-                return Err(BinaryReaderError::new(
-                    "memory64 must be enabled for 64-bit memories",
-                    offset,
-                ));
-            }
-            (
-                MAX_WASM_MEMORY64_PAGES,
-                "memory size must be at most 2**48 pages",
-            )
-        } else {
-            (
-                MAX_WASM_MEMORY32_PAGES,
-                "memory size must be at most 65536 pages (4GiB)",
-            )
-        };
-        if ty.initial > true_maximum {
-            return Err(BinaryReaderError::new(err, offset));
-        }
-        if let Some(maximum) = ty.maximum {
-            if maximum > true_maximum {
-                return Err(BinaryReaderError::new(err, offset));
-            }
-        }
-        if ty.shared {
-            if !features.threads {
-                return Err(BinaryReaderError::new(
-                    "threads must be enabled for shared memories",
-                    offset,
-                ));
-            }
-            if ty.maximum.is_none() {
-                return Err(BinaryReaderError::new(
-                    "shared memory must have maximum size",
-                    offset,
-                ));
-            }
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) fn imports_for_module_type(
-        &self,
-        offset: usize,
-    ) -> Result<IndexMap<(String, String), EntityType>> {
-        // Ensure imports are unique, which is a requirement of the component model
-        self.imports
-            .iter()
-            .map(|((module, name), types)| {
-                if types.len() != 1 {
-                    bail!(
-                        offset,
-                        "module has a duplicate import name `{module}:{name}` \
-                         that is not allowed in components",
-                    );
-                }
-                Ok(((module.clone(), name.clone()), types[0]))
-            })
-            .collect::<Result<_>>()
-    }
-
-    fn check_value_type(
-        &self,
-        ty: ValType,
-        features: &WasmFeatures,
-        types: &TypeList,
-        offset: usize,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        match features.check_value_type(ty) {
-            Ok(()) => Ok(()),
-            Err(e) => Err(BinaryReaderError::new(e, offset)),
-        }?;
-        // The above only checks the value type for features.
-        // We must check it if it's a reference.
-        match ty {
-            ValType::Ref(rt) => {
-                self.check_ref_type(rt, types, offset)?;
-            }
-            _ => (),
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn check_ref_type(&self, ty: RefType, types: &TypeList, offset: usize) -> Result<()> {
-        // Check that the heap type is valid
-        match ty.heap_type() {
-            HeapType::Func | HeapType::Extern => (),
-            HeapType::TypedFunc(type_index) => {
-                // Just check that the index is valid
-                self.func_type_at(type_index.into(), types, offset)?;
-            }
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn eq_valtypes(&self, ty1: ValType, ty2: ValType, types: &TypeList) -> bool {
-        match (ty1, ty2) {
-            (ValType::Ref(rt1), ValType::Ref(rt2)) => {
-                rt1.is_nullable() == rt2.is_nullable()
-                    && match (rt1.heap_type(), rt2.heap_type()) {
-                        (HeapType::Func, HeapType::Func) => true,
-                        (HeapType::Extern, HeapType::Extern) => true,
-                        (HeapType::TypedFunc(n1), HeapType::TypedFunc(n2)) => {
-                            let n1 = self.func_type_at(n1.into(), types, 0).unwrap();
-                            let n2 = self.func_type_at(n2.into(), types, 0).unwrap();
-                            self.eq_fns(n1, n2, types)
-                        }
-                        (_, _) => false,
-                    }
-            }
-            _ => ty1 == ty2,
-        }
-    }
-    fn eq_fns(&self, f1: &impl WasmFuncType, f2: &impl WasmFuncType, types: &TypeList) -> bool {
-        f1.len_inputs() == f2.len_inputs()
-            && f2.len_outputs() == f2.len_outputs()
-            && f1
-                .inputs()
-                .zip(f2.inputs())
-                .all(|(t1, t2)| self.eq_valtypes(t1, t2, types))
-            && f1
-                .outputs()
-                .zip(f2.outputs())
-                .all(|(t1, t2)| self.eq_valtypes(t1, t2, types))
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) fn matches(&self, ty1: ValType, ty2: ValType, types: &TypeList) -> bool {
-        fn matches_null(null1: bool, null2: bool) -> bool {
-            (null1 == null2) || null2
-        }
-
-        let matches_heap = |ty1: HeapType, ty2: HeapType, types: &TypeList| -> bool {
-            match (ty1, ty2) {
-                (HeapType::TypedFunc(n1), HeapType::TypedFunc(n2)) => {
-                    // Check whether the defined types are (structurally) equivalent.
-                    let n1 = self.func_type_at(n1.into(), types, 0).unwrap();
-                    let n2 = self.func_type_at(n2.into(), types, 0).unwrap();
-                    self.eq_fns(n1, n2, types)
-                }
-                (HeapType::TypedFunc(_), HeapType::Func) => true,
-                (_, _) => ty1 == ty2,
-            }
-        };
-
-        let matches_ref = |ty1: RefType, ty2: RefType, types: &TypeList| -> bool {
-            matches_heap(ty1.heap_type(), ty2.heap_type(), types)
-                && matches_null(ty1.is_nullable(), ty2.is_nullable())
-        };
-
-        match (ty1, ty2) {
-            (ValType::Ref(rt1), ValType::Ref(rt2)) => matches_ref(rt1, rt2, types),
-            (_, _) => ty1 == ty2,
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn check_tag_type(
-        &self,
-        ty: &TagType,
-        features: &WasmFeatures,
-        types: &TypeList,
-        offset: usize,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        if !features.exceptions {
-            return Err(BinaryReaderError::new(
-                "exceptions proposal not enabled",
-                offset,
-            ));
-        }
-        let ty = self.func_type_at(ty.func_type_idx, types, offset)?;
-        if !ty.results().is_empty() {
-            return Err(BinaryReaderError::new(
-                "invalid exception type: non-empty tag result type",
-                offset,
-            ));
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn check_global_type(
-        &self,
-        ty: &GlobalType,
-        features: &WasmFeatures,
-        types: &TypeList,
-        offset: usize,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        self.check_value_type(ty.content_type, features, types, offset)
-    }
-
-    fn check_limits<T>(&self, initial: T, maximum: Option<T>, offset: usize) -> Result<()>
-    where
-        T: Into<u64>,
-    {
-        if let Some(max) = maximum {
-            if initial.into() > max.into() {
-                return Err(BinaryReaderError::new(
-                    "size minimum must not be greater than maximum",
-                    offset,
-                ));
-            }
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    pub fn max_tables(&self, features: &WasmFeatures) -> usize {
-        if features.reference_types {
-            MAX_WASM_TABLES
-        } else {
-            1
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn max_memories(&self, features: &WasmFeatures) -> usize {
-        if features.multi_memory {
-            MAX_WASM_MEMORIES
-        } else {
-            1
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn export_to_entity_type(
-        &mut self,
-        export: &crate::Export,
-        offset: usize,
-    ) -> Result<EntityType> {
-        let check = |ty: &str, index: u32, total: usize| {
-            if index as usize >= total {
-                Err(format_err!(
-                    offset,
-                    "unknown {ty} {index}: exported {ty} index out of bounds",
-                ))
-            } else {
-                Ok(())
-            }
-        };
-
-        Ok(match export.kind {
-            ExternalKind::Func => {
-                check("function", export.index, self.functions.len())?;
-                self.function_references.insert(export.index);
-                EntityType::Func(self.types[self.functions[export.index as usize] as usize])
-            }
-            ExternalKind::Table => {
-                check("table", export.index, self.tables.len())?;
-                EntityType::Table(self.tables[export.index as usize])
-            }
-            ExternalKind::Memory => {
-                check("memory", export.index, self.memories.len())?;
-                EntityType::Memory(self.memories[export.index as usize])
-            }
-            ExternalKind::Global => {
-                check("global", export.index, self.globals.len())?;
-                EntityType::Global(self.globals[export.index as usize])
-            }
-            ExternalKind::Tag => {
-                check("tag", export.index, self.tags.len())?;
-                EntityType::Tag(self.tags[export.index as usize])
-            }
-        })
-    }
-
-    pub fn get_func_type<'a>(
-        &self,
-        func_idx: u32,
-        types: &'a TypeList,
-        offset: usize,
-    ) -> Result<&'a FuncType> {
-        match self.functions.get(func_idx as usize) {
-            Some(idx) => self.func_type_at(*idx, types, offset),
-            None => Err(format_err!(
-                offset,
-                "unknown function {func_idx}: func index out of bounds",
-            )),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn global_at(&self, idx: u32, offset: usize) -> Result<&GlobalType> {
-        match self.globals.get(idx as usize) {
-            Some(t) => Ok(t),
-            None => Err(format_err!(
-                offset,
-                "unknown global {idx}: global index out of bounds"
-            )),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn table_at(&self, idx: u32, offset: usize) -> Result<&TableType> {
-        match self.tables.get(idx as usize) {
-            Some(t) => Ok(t),
-            None => Err(format_err!(
-                offset,
-                "unknown table {idx}: table index out of bounds"
-            )),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn memory_at(&self, idx: u32, offset: usize) -> Result<&MemoryType> {
-        match self.memories.get(idx as usize) {
-            Some(t) => Ok(t),
-            None => Err(format_err!(
-                offset,
-                "unknown memory {idx}: memory index out of bounds"
-            )),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl Default for Module {
-    fn default() -> Self {
-        Self {
-            snapshot: Default::default(),
-            types: Default::default(),
-            tables: Default::default(),
-            memories: Default::default(),
-            globals: Default::default(),
-            element_types: Default::default(),
-            data_count: Default::default(),
-            functions: Default::default(),
-            tags: Default::default(),
-            function_references: Default::default(),
-            imports: Default::default(),
-            exports: Default::default(),
-            type_size: 1,
-            num_imported_globals: Default::default(),
-            num_imported_functions: Default::default(),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-struct OperatorValidatorResources<'a> {
-    module: &'a mut MaybeOwned<Module>,
-    types: &'a TypeList,
-}
-
-impl WasmModuleResources for OperatorValidatorResources<'_> {
-    type FuncType = crate::FuncType;
-
-    fn table_at(&self, at: u32) -> Option<TableType> {
-        self.module.tables.get(at as usize).cloned()
-    }
-
-    fn memory_at(&self, at: u32) -> Option<MemoryType> {
-        self.module.memories.get(at as usize).cloned()
-    }
-
-    fn tag_at(&self, at: u32) -> Option<&Self::FuncType> {
-        Some(
-            self.types[*self.module.tags.get(at as usize)?]
-                .as_func_type()
-                .unwrap(),
-        )
-    }
-
-    fn global_at(&self, at: u32) -> Option<GlobalType> {
-        self.module.globals.get(at as usize).cloned()
-    }
-
-    fn func_type_at(&self, at: u32) -> Option<&Self::FuncType> {
-        Some(
-            self.types[*self.module.types.get(at as usize)?]
-                .as_func_type()
-                .unwrap(),
-        )
-    }
-
-    fn type_index_of_function(&self, at: u32) -> Option<u32> {
-        self.module.functions.get(at as usize).cloned()
-    }
-
-    fn type_of_function(&self, at: u32) -> Option<&Self::FuncType> {
-        self.func_type_at(self.type_index_of_function(at)?)
-    }
-
-    fn check_value_type(&self, t: ValType, features: &WasmFeatures, offset: usize) -> Result<()> {
-        self.module
-            .check_value_type(t, features, self.types, offset)
-    }
-
-    fn element_type_at(&self, at: u32) -> Option<RefType> {
-        self.module.element_types.get(at as usize).cloned()
-    }
-
-    fn matches(&self, t1: ValType, t2: ValType) -> bool {
-        self.module.matches(t1, t2, self.types)
-    }
-
-    fn element_count(&self) -> u32 {
-        self.module.element_types.len() as u32
-    }
-
-    fn data_count(&self) -> Option<u32> {
-        self.module.data_count
-    }
-
-    fn is_function_referenced(&self, idx: u32) -> bool {
-        self.module.function_references.contains(&idx)
-    }
-}
-
-/// The implementation of [`WasmModuleResources`] used by
-/// [`Validator`](crate::Validator).
-pub struct ValidatorResources(pub(crate) Arc<Module>);
-
-impl WasmModuleResources for ValidatorResources {
-    type FuncType = crate::FuncType;
-
-    fn table_at(&self, at: u32) -> Option<TableType> {
-        self.0.tables.get(at as usize).cloned()
-    }
-
-    fn memory_at(&self, at: u32) -> Option<MemoryType> {
-        self.0.memories.get(at as usize).cloned()
-    }
-
-    fn tag_at(&self, at: u32) -> Option<&Self::FuncType> {
-        Some(
-            self.0.snapshot.as_ref().unwrap()[*self.0.tags.get(at as usize)?]
-                .as_func_type()
-                .unwrap(),
-        )
-    }
-
-    fn global_at(&self, at: u32) -> Option<GlobalType> {
-        self.0.globals.get(at as usize).cloned()
-    }
-
-    fn func_type_at(&self, at: u32) -> Option<&Self::FuncType> {
-        Some(
-            self.0.snapshot.as_ref().unwrap()[*self.0.types.get(at as usize)?]
-                .as_func_type()
-                .unwrap(),
-        )
-    }
-
-    fn type_index_of_function(&self, at: u32) -> Option<u32> {
-        self.0.functions.get(at as usize).cloned()
-    }
-
-    fn type_of_function(&self, at: u32) -> Option<&Self::FuncType> {
-        self.func_type_at(self.type_index_of_function(at)?)
-    }
-
-    fn check_value_type(&self, t: ValType, features: &WasmFeatures, offset: usize) -> Result<()> {
-        self.0
-            .check_value_type(t, features, self.0.snapshot.as_ref().unwrap(), offset)
-    }
-
-    fn element_type_at(&self, at: u32) -> Option<RefType> {
-        self.0.element_types.get(at as usize).cloned()
-    }
-
-    fn matches(&self, t1: ValType, t2: ValType) -> bool {
-        self.0.matches(t1, t2, self.0.snapshot.as_ref().unwrap())
-    }
-
-    fn element_count(&self) -> u32 {
-        self.0.element_types.len() as u32
-    }
-
-    fn data_count(&self) -> Option<u32> {
-        self.0.data_count
-    }
-
-    fn is_function_referenced(&self, idx: u32) -> bool {
-        self.0.function_references.contains(&idx)
-    }
-}
-
-const _: () = {
-    fn assert_send<T: Send>() {}
-
-    // Assert that `ValidatorResources` is Send so function validation
-    // can be parallelizable
-    fn assert() {
-        assert_send::<ValidatorResources>();
-    }
-};
-
-mod arc {
-    use std::ops::Deref;
-    use std::sync::Arc;
-
-    enum Inner<T> {
-        Owned(T),
-        Shared(Arc<T>),
-
-        Empty, // Only used for swapping from owned to shared.
-    }
-
-    pub struct MaybeOwned<T> {
-        inner: Inner<T>,
-    }
-
-    impl<T> MaybeOwned<T> {
-        #[inline]
-        fn as_mut(&mut self) -> Option<&mut T> {
-            match &mut self.inner {
-                Inner::Owned(x) => Some(x),
-                Inner::Shared(_) => None,
-                Inner::Empty => Self::unreachable(),
-            }
-        }
-
-        #[inline]
-        pub fn assert_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T {
-            self.as_mut().unwrap()
-        }
-
-        pub fn arc(&mut self) -> &Arc<T> {
-            self.make_shared();
-            match &self.inner {
-                Inner::Shared(x) => x,
-                _ => Self::unreachable(),
-            }
-        }
-
-        #[inline]
-        fn make_shared(&mut self) {
-            if let Inner::Shared(_) = self.inner {
-                return;
-            }
-
-            let inner = std::mem::replace(&mut self.inner, Inner::Empty);
-            let x = match inner {
-                Inner::Owned(x) => x,
-                _ => Self::unreachable(),
-            };
-            let x = Arc::new(x);
-            self.inner = Inner::Shared(x);
-        }
-
-        #[cold]
-        #[inline(never)]
-        fn unreachable() -> ! {
-            unreachable!()
-        }
-    }
-
-    impl<T: Default> Default for MaybeOwned<T> {
-        fn default() -> MaybeOwned<T> {
-            MaybeOwned {
-                inner: Inner::Owned(T::default()),
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    impl<T> Deref for MaybeOwned<T> {
-        type Target = T;
-
-        fn deref(&self) -> &T {
-            match &self.inner {
-                Inner::Owned(x) => x,
-                Inner::Shared(x) => x,
-                Inner::Empty => Self::unreachable(),
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}