vehicles 0.4.1 → 0.8.0

data/data/plates/ca-mb.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,499 @@
+# plates/ca-mb.yml — Manitoba (PRD-PLATES gate L3, Canada west).
+#
+# ── THE FIND: A 1997 GOVERNMENT NEWS RELEASE THAT DATES TWO SERIES AT ONCE.
+#
+# Province of Manitoba news release, 13 June 1997, "New Licence Plates Being
+# Distributed", attributed to Highways and Transportation Minister Glen Findlay.
+# Four sentences from it carry this whole file's period spine, verbatim:
+#
+#   "Manitoba's new licence plates will begin appearing on registered vehicles
+#    this month, Highways and Transportation Minister Glen Findlay announced
+#    today."
+#   "Registered owners will receive their new plates when they reach their
+#    annual Autopac renewal dates between Aug. 1, 1997, and July 31, 1998. The
+#    first registration renewals will be mailed June 17."
+#   "With the new issue, Manitoba returns to a 'front and rear' two-plate system
+#    for most vehicles. The new dual plates will be issued to approximately
+#    730,000 vehicles such as passenger cars, trucks and vans. A single plate
+#    will be issued to about 120,000 vehicles such as motorcycles and trailers."
+#   "The new licence plate features images of trees, water and wheat, replacing
+#    the black or black and red on white licence plates first issued in 1983."
+#
+# That last clause is the prize. A government press office, in 1997, dating the
+# PREVIOUS base to 1983 — which is exactly the kind of claim that otherwise
+# survives only as an unfootnoted encyclopedia row. ca-mb-standard-1983's
+# `period.start` is therefore `agency-stated-date`, not `secondary-wikipedia`,
+# and it is the only pre-2000 Canadian series in this seven-file wave with a
+# government source behind its start year.
+#
+# The release also gives a genuine ROLLOUT WINDOW rather than a point: first
+# renewals mailed 17 June 1997, distribution running to 31 July 1998, i.e. a
+# full replacement cycle keyed to each owner's Autopac renewal date. Both bases
+# were on the road together for thirteen months, by design.
+#
+# ── FOUR FURTHER FACTS ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+#
+# 1. MANITOBA LEGISLATES ITS SPECIALTY PLATES ONE BY ONE, IN THE ACT ITSELF.
+#    The Drivers and Vehicles Act, C.C.S.M. c. D104, ss. 60.1, 60.2 and 60.3
+#    each create a NAMED specialty plate and PRESCRIBE ITS CONTENT — "SUPPORT
+#    OUR TROOPS" in capital letters (2014), "MMIWG2S" in capital letters with
+#    "either a red hand or a red dress" (2023), and "Manitoba Parks" (2024).
+#    That is a completely different architecture from Alberta's (a general
+#    specialty power exercised by contract, AR 320/2002 s. 63.1) and from
+#    Washington's statutory table of dozens. Manitoba's list is short,
+#    statutory, individually dated by its enacting Act, and therefore gives
+#    each of these series a real `enabling-statute` start — the strongest
+#    period grade in this file.
+#
+# 2. THE DESIGN IS THE REGISTRAR'S, SUBJECT TO THOSE THREE SECTIONS.
+#    s. 60(1), verbatim: "Subject to sections 60.1 to 60.3, a number plate may
+#    consist of numbers, letters or WORDS and must be of a design, colour and
+#    material determined by the registrar." Note "words" — Manitoba's statute
+#    contemplates a plate whose content is not a serial at all, which is what
+#    makes the specialty sections coherent. s. 60(2): "A number plate is the
+#    property of the Crown."
+#
+# 3. MANITOBA LEGISLATES WHAT MUST BE READABLE, NOT MERELY THAT THE PLATE MUST
+#    BE. s. 61(1) requires that all of the following be "clearly visible and
+#    readable and unobscured by any part of the vehicle, its attachments or its
+#    load": "(a) the jurisdiction or authority that issued the number plates;
+#    (b) the vehicle's registration number and class; (c) the period of validity
+#    or date of expiry of the registration." A three-part legibility duty, and
+#    it is a useful specification of what a Manitoba plate carries: issuer,
+#    number, CLASS, and validity. The class and validity ride on STICKERS
+#    (defined in s. 1 as "registration class sticker" and "validation sticker"),
+#    so Manitoba — unlike Saskatchewan since 2012 and Idaho since 2026 — still
+#    legislates a visible validity marker.
+#
+# 4. MANITOBA HAS A REPAIRER PLATE, WHICH ALMOST NOBODY DOES. ss. 64, 65 and 66
+#    create dealers', REPAIRERS' and collector number plates as three distinct
+#    statutory types, and s. 35(2)-(4) makes a registration card issued in
+#    relation to each of them "deemed to have been issued for a vehicle" when the
+#    vehicle displays the right quantity and type. A repairer plate bound to a
+#    repair business, separate from a dealer plate, is a class flag no other
+#    jurisdiction in this seven-file wave carries.
+#
+# REGEX / SEPARATOR POLICY: Manitoba's serial is printed in two groups of three
+# with a gap and no source states a glyph, so every regex spells the position
+# with the sanctioned separator-only class `[- ]?` (§ 2.8) while `pattern` shows
+# the canonical printed space.
+jurisdiction: ca-mb
+authority:
+  name: Registrar of Motor Vehicles, Manitoba, with Manitoba Public Insurance (MPI) as administrator under The Drivers and Vehicles Act
+  url: "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/d104.php"
+authority_url_note: >-
+  The authority URL points at the ACT because MPI's own plate pages did not
+  resolve in this pass (mpi.mb.ca/plates/ and /personalized-plates/ both
+  returned HTTP 404 on 2026-08-02). A verifier should substitute MPI's current
+  plate landing page.
+binding: vehicle
+binding_note: >-
+  s. 34(1)(a) ties lawful operation to the vehicle displaying "the quantity and
+  type of number plates that the regulations prescribe for use on a vehicle of
+  its registration class" AND to those plates displaying "the vehicle's
+  registration card number". The plate is bound to the REGISTRATION CARD, and
+  s. 59(1)(b) lets the registrar authorise a registered owner who already holds
+  the right quantity and type to re-use those plates on a newly registered
+  vehicle — so plates move with the owner inside a registration class.
+  s. 60(3): on expiry without renewal, the former registered owner "may keep the
+  number plates issued with the registration card but must return them to the
+  registrar if the registrar requests their return."
+instrument:
+  statute:
+    citation: "The Drivers and Vehicles Act, C.C.S.M. c. D104 — s. 1 (definitions of 'number plate', 'registration class sticker', 'validation sticker'), s. 34 (registration and number plate requirements), s. 35(2)-(4), ss. 59, 60, 60.1, 60.2, 60.3, 61, 63, 64, 65, 66"
+    amendment_notes_seen: "s. 60 as amended S.M. 2014, c. 38, s. 2; S.M. 2023, c. 33, s. 2; S.M. 2024, c. 28, s. 2. s. 60.1 enacted S.M. 2014, c. 38, s. 3. s. 60.2 enacted S.M. 2023, c. 33, s. 3. s. 60.3 enacted S.M. 2024, c. 28, s. 3. ss. 64-66 as enacted S.M. 2018, c. 10, Sch. C, s. 15."
+    source: "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/d104.php  # bilingual consolidation; ss. 59-61, 64-66 read verbatim 2026-08-02"
+    pdf: "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/_pdf.php?cap=d104"
+  regulation:
+    status: not-read
+    note: >-
+      NEGATIVE FINDING. ss. 34, 59 and 61 all delegate the QUANTITY AND TYPE of
+      number plates per registration class to regulations under the Act. The
+      consolidated-regulations index for c. D104 (web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/regs/) was
+      fetched and serves its regulation list through JavaScript; no regulation
+      title or PDF link was extractable. So Manitoba's per-class plate counts
+      rest on the 1997 news release, not on the regulation that governs them.
+      This is the file's single highest-value follow-up.
+  news_release:
+    citation: "Province of Manitoba, 'New Licence Plates Being Distributed — Phase-In Process Will Result in New and Old Plates for Several Months', 13 June 1997"
+    source: "https://news.gov.mb.ca/news/index.html?item=22982&posted=1997-06-13  # full body served and read 2026-08-02"
+  licence: "Manitoba Laws and Manitoba news releases are Province of Manitoba publications; the Act is an edict of government. Cited, quoted for operative sentences, not reproduced."
+
+artwork_risk:
+  posture: unresearched-crown-copyright-presumed
+  basis: >-
+    Crown copyright under s. 12 of the Copyright Act (Canada) is the default;
+    no Manitoba disclaimer was found. Manitoba is, however, the group's clearest
+    case of THIRD-PARTY SUBJECT MATTER PLACED ON A PLATE BY STATUTE: s. 60.2(2)
+    requires the MMIWG2S plate to depict "either a red hand or a red dress" —
+    symbols belonging to a social movement, not to the Crown — and ss. 60.1 and
+    60.3 both require "a graphic symbolic of the message conveyed by those
+    words", with the specific artwork determined by the registrar on an
+    organization's application. The artwork on Manitoba's specialty plates is
+    thus statutorily mandated in SUBJECT and contracted in EXECUTION.
+  emblem_rule: >-
+    PRD-PLATES § 3 placeholder default applies to every graphic: the reported
+    bison device and maple leaf on the standard base, and all three statutory
+    specialty graphics. Render `{present: true, rendered: placeholder}`.
+  sources:
+    - "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/d104.php  # ss. 60.1(1)(b), 60.2(2)(b), 60.3(1)(b)"
+
+display_rules:
+  count: >-
+    TWO plates (front and rear) for most classes; ONE for motorcycles and
+    trailers. From the 1997 release, verbatim: "With the new issue, Manitoba
+    returns to a 'front and rear' two-plate system for most vehicles. The new
+    dual plates will be issued to approximately 730,000 vehicles such as
+    passenger cars, trucks and vans. A single plate will be issued to about
+    120,000 vehicles such as motorcycles and trailers." Note the word RETURNS:
+    Manitoba had been a one-plate province before 1997 and went back to two,
+    against the direction every other jurisdiction in this wave moved (SGI went
+    single in 2004; Alberta, Yukon, NWT and Nunavut are all single). Manitoba is
+    the counter-example and the 1997 release states the rationale: "The return
+    to a front as well as rear plate increases the opportunity for vehicle
+    identification".
+  quantity_is_regulated_not_legislated: "s. 59(1) and s. 34(1)(a)(ii) both send the quantity and type to regulations, which were not reachable (see instrument.regulation)."
+  legibility: >-
+    s. 61(1): the plates must be secured and maintained so that "(a) the
+    jurisdiction or authority that issued the number plates; (b) the vehicle's
+    registration number and class; (c) the period of validity or date of expiry
+    of the registration" are "clearly visible and readable and unobscured by any
+    part of the vehicle, its attachments or its load."
+  look_alikes: "s. 62 governs 'Devices resembling plates and plates of other jurisdictions'; s. 63 gives a seizure power. Their text was not extracted (recorded gap)."
+  sources:
+    - "https://news.gov.mb.ca/news/index.html?item=22982&posted=1997-06-13  # the two-plate return, the per-class counts, the rationale"
+    - "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/d104.php  # ss. 34(1)(a), 59(1), 61(1)"
+
+common:
+  dimensions_note: "NEGATIVE FINDING. No dimension appears in c. D104. The reported 12 x 6 in / 30 x 15 cm convention is recorded and asserted nowhere; `design.plate` is absent throughout."
+  alphabet_note: >-
+    The per-province encyclopedia article reports that current Manitoba
+    passenger serials exclude I, O and Q. No Manitoba source states an alphabet,
+    so this is carried as `charset.excluded` with a secondary grade and is NOT
+    encoded in any `regex_strict` — the same rule applied in plates/ca-ab.yml
+    and plates/ca-sk.yml, and the opposite of plates/ca-bc.yml where the agency
+    states it.
+  what_is_on_the_plate: >-
+    s. 1 defines "number plate" as "a plate to be displayed on a vehicle showing
+    the numbers and letters that make up the vehicle's registration number", and
+    s. 34(1)(a)(iii) requires the plates to display "the vehicle's registration
+    card number and, in accordance with the regulations, stickers showing the
+    vehicle's registration class and that the registration is valid". So a
+    Manitoba plate face carries, by statute: the registration number, a
+    registration-CLASS sticker, and a VALIDATION sticker. Two stickers, not one.
+
+series:
+
+  - id: ca-mb-standard
+    class: standard
+    categories: [car, van, truck, bus]
+    period: { start: 1997 }
+    period_evidence: agency-stated-date
+    period_rollout:
+      first_renewals_mailed: "1997-06-17"
+      distribution_window_start: "1997-08-01"
+      distribution_window_end: "1998-07-31"
+      note: >-
+        PRD-PLATES § 2.2's `period.rollout` case, met by a primary source. The
+        1997 release gives three distinct dates rather than one: plates begin
+        appearing in June 1997, the first renewal notices are mailed
+        17 June 1997, and every registered owner receives plates at their
+        Autopac renewal date "between Aug. 1, 1997, and July 31, 1998". The
+        release's own subheading says it plainly: "Phase-In Process Will Result
+        in New and Old Plates for Several Months."
+    matching: strict
+    format:
+      pattern: "LLL 999"
+      regex: '\A[A-Z]{3}[- ]?\d{3}\z'
+      evidence: secondary
+      charset:
+        excluded: ["I", "O", "Q"]
+        notes: "Secondary only; see common.alphabet_note."
+      progression: "not published"
+    design:
+      background: { color: "#FFFFFF", finish: retroreflective, hex_basis: observed }
+      foreground: "#003C71"
+      legend_top: "MANITOBA"
+      legend_bottom: "Friendly Manitoba"
+      emblem: { present: true, rendered: placeholder, description: "river/prairie scene with trees, water and wheat (stated in the 1997 release); bison device and maple leaf reported by secondary sources" }
+      material_note: "The 1997 release states the plates carry 'a reflectorized coating [that] will make the plates much more visible in headlights'."
+      design_basis: mixed-primary-scene-secondary-colours
+      rear_differs: false
+    notes: >-
+      PERIOD AND SCENE ARE PRIMARY; THE SERIAL ARRANGEMENT IS NOT. The 1997
+      release dates the base and describes its imagery in the government's own
+      words ("features images of trees, water and wheat"), which is why the
+      grade is `agency-stated-date`. It says NOTHING about the serial
+      arrangement, so `LLL 999` is carried at `format.evidence: secondary` from
+      the per-province encyclopedia table. Do not let the strong period grade
+      launder the weak format grade — they are separate claims about the same
+      series and the file keeps them separate on purpose.
+      THE 2012 REFRESH IS A BASE CHANGE, NOT A SERIES BOUNDARY. Secondary
+      sources place a redesign at 2012 (reported as introducing bilingual
+      elements) with the SAME three-letter/three-numeral arrangement either side
+      of it. Base and format have different lifetimes here as they do in Oregon,
+      British Columbia and Alberta, so it is recorded as a design note rather
+      than minted as a series — the § 2.3 test again.
+    sources:
+      - "https://news.gov.mb.ca/news/index.html?item=22982&posted=1997-06-13  # first issue June 1997, the Aug 1997-July 1998 rollout window, the trees/water/wheat imagery, the reflectorized coating, the two-plate return"
+      - "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Manitoba  # FINDING AID (PRD-PLATES §4 Wikipedia row): the ABC 123 arrangement, the I/O/Q exclusion, the reported 2012 refresh, 'Friendly Manitoba'; accessed 2026-08-02"
+      - "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/d104.php  # s. 60(1): the design, colour and material are the registrar's"
+
+  - id: ca-mb-standard-1983
+    class: standard
+    categories: [car, van, truck, bus]
+    period: { start: 1983, end: 1998 }
+    period_evidence: agency-stated-date
+    matching: strict
+    format:
+      pattern: "999 LLL"
+      regex: '\A\d{3}[- ]?[A-Z]{3}\z'
+      evidence: secondary
+    design:
+      background: { color: "#FFFFFF", finish: retroreflective, hex_basis: observed }
+      foreground: "#000000"
+      colour_note: >-
+        PRIMARY, AND UNUSUALLY SPECIFIC FOR A COLOUR CLAIM. The 1997 release
+        describes what was being replaced as "the black or black and red on
+        white licence plates first issued in 1983" — so the predecessor base was
+        black-on-white with a red element, from the government's own pen. That
+        is a better colour source than this programme normally gets for a
+        superseded series.
+      legend_bottom: "Friendly"
+      design_basis: primary-colours-secondary-legend
+      rear_differs: false
+    notes: >-
+      THE "ONE SERIES BACK", WITH A GOVERNMENT-DATED START — the only one in
+      this seven-file wave. "first issued in 1983", stated by the Province of
+      Manitoba in 1997 while replacing them. The END is the far edge of the
+      1997-98 rollout window: the release has old and new plates coexisting
+      until 31 July 1998, so `end: 1998` is the honest close and the overlap
+      with ca-mb-standard is REAL and sourced, not an artefact.
+      The numerals-first arrangement is secondary, as in the successor series.
+      Manitoba ran one plate per vehicle throughout this series (the 1997
+      release's word is "returns" to two plates), so a 1983-97 Manitoba vehicle
+      is a rear-plate-only vehicle.
+    sources:
+      - "https://news.gov.mb.ca/news/index.html?item=22982&posted=1997-06-13  # 'first issued in 1983'; the black / black-and-red on white description; the coexistence window"
+      - "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Manitoba  # FINDING AID: the 123 ABC arrangement and the 'Friendly' slogan for this window; accessed 2026-08-02"
+
+  # =========================================================================
+  # THE STATUTORY SPECIALTY PLATES. Three sections, three Acts, three dates.
+  # =========================================================================
+  - id: ca-mb-support-our-troops
+    class: specialty
+    categories: [car, van, truck]
+    period: { start: 2014 }
+    period_evidence: enabling-statute
+    matching: recall-only
+    format:
+      pattern: "LLL 999"
+      regex: '\A[A-Z0-9](?:[- ]?[A-Z0-9])*\z'
+      evidence: statute-for-content-only
+    design:
+      background: { color: "#FFFFFF", finish: retroreflective, hex_basis: observed }
+      foreground: "#003C71"
+      legend: "SUPPORT OUR TROOPS"
+      emblem: { present: true, rendered: placeholder, description: "'a graphic symbolic of the message conveyed by those words' (s. 60.1(1)(b))" }
+      design_basis: statute
+    notes: >-
+      s. 60.1(1), verbatim: "Upon receipt of an organization's application that
+      is acceptable to the registrar, the registrar SHALL make available a
+      specialty number plate that (a) includes the words 'SUPPORT OUR TROOPS' in
+      capital letters; (b) bears a graphic symbolic of the message conveyed by
+      those words; and (c) includes any other depiction or design as may be
+      determined by the registrar." Enacted by S.M. 2014, c. 38, s. 3 — hence
+      `enabling-statute` and 2014, a real creation date rather than an upper
+      bound. s. 60.1(2) lets the minister direct all or part of the charges to a
+      named registered charity. The SERIAL grammar is not stated anywhere, so
+      the series is `recall-only`; what IS statutory is the legend and the
+      requirement of a symbolic graphic.
+    sources:
+      - "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/d104.php  # s. 60.1(1)-(2), enactment note S.M. 2014, c. 38, s. 3"
+
+  - id: ca-mb-mmiwg2s
+    class: specialty
+    categories: [car, van, truck]
+    period: { start: 2023 }
+    period_evidence: enabling-statute
+    matching: recall-only
+    format:
+      pattern: "LLL 999"
+      regex: '\A[A-Z0-9](?:[- ]?[A-Z0-9])*\z'
+      evidence: statute-for-content-only
+    design:
+      background: { color: "#FFFFFF", finish: retroreflective, hex_basis: observed }
+      foreground: "#003C71"
+      legend: "MMIWG2S"
+      emblem: { present: true, rendered: placeholder, description: "'either a red hand or a red dress' (s. 60.2(2)(b))" }
+      design_basis: statute
+    notes: >-
+      THE MOST PRESCRIPTIVE PLATE-DESIGN PROVISION IN THIS ENTIRE SEVEN-FILE
+      WAVE, AND IT IS ABOUT A SOCIAL MOVEMENT'S SYMBOLS. s. 60.2(1) defines the
+      abbreviation: "In this section, the abbreviation 'MMIWG2S' means missing
+      and murdered Indigenous women, girls and two-spirit people." s. 60.2(2):
+      the registrar "shall make available a specialty number plate that (a)
+      includes 'MMIWG2S' in capital letters; and (b) depicts EITHER A RED HAND
+      OR A RED DRESS." s. 60.2(3) directs the whole of the charges, after
+      consultation with families' representatives, to a registered charity
+      benefiting those families. Enacted S.M. 2023, c. 33, s. 3. Compare every
+      other design provision in this wave — "the colour and style the Registrar
+      thinks fit" (NWT reg. 11(1)), "the type and colour approved by the
+      Minister" (AB s. 63(2)), "a material and design determined by [ICBC]"
+      (BC s. 12(1)(b)) — and note that Manitoba's legislature specified the
+      GRAPHIC. That is why this series' design carries `design_basis: statute`
+      where almost nothing else in the wave can.
+    sources:
+      - "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/d104.php  # s. 60.2(1)-(3), enactment note S.M. 2023, c. 33, s. 3"
+
+  - id: ca-mb-parks
+    class: specialty
+    categories: [car, van, truck]
+    period: { start: 2024 }
+    period_evidence: enabling-statute
+    matching: recall-only
+    format:
+      pattern: "LLL 999"
+      regex: '\A[A-Z0-9](?:[- ]?[A-Z0-9])*\z'
+      evidence: statute-for-content-only
+    design:
+      background: { color: "#FFFFFF", finish: retroreflective, hex_basis: observed }
+      foreground: "#003C71"
+      legend: "Manitoba Parks"
+      emblem: { present: true, rendered: placeholder, description: "'a graphic symbolic of the message conveyed by those words' (s. 60.3(1)(b))" }
+      design_basis: statute
+    notes: >-
+      s. 60.3(1): the registrar "shall make available a specialty number plate
+      that (a) includes the words 'Manitoba Parks'; (b) bears a graphic symbolic
+      of the message conveyed by those words; and (c) includes any other
+      depiction, design or words as may be determined by the registrar."
+      s. 60.3(2) directs the charges to "a registered charity that supports
+      projects in provincial parks". Enacted S.M. 2024, c. 28, s. 3 — the newest
+      series in this wave after the 2025 British Columbia recut and the 2025
+      Nunavut bear. Note the mirror with British Columbia: two provinces, two
+      parks plate programmes, reached by opposite routes — Manitoba by a
+      statutory section, British Columbia by an ICBC/Ministry partnership with
+      no statutory hook (plates/ca-bc.yml, ca-bc-parks-2017).
+      NOTE ALSO the lower-case "Parks": s. 60.3(1)(a) requires the words
+      "Manitoba Parks" without the capital-letters instruction that ss. 60.1 and
+      60.2 both carry. Quoted as written.
+    sources:
+      - "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/d104.php  # s. 60.3(1)-(2), enactment note S.M. 2024, c. 28, s. 3"
+
+  # =========================================================================
+  # THE BUSINESS AND COLLECTOR PLATE TYPES.
+  # =========================================================================
+  - id: ca-mb-dealer
+    class: dealer
+    categories: [car, van, truck, trailer]
+    period: { start: 2018 }
+    period_evidence: instrument-in-force-upper-bound
+    matching: recall-only
+    format:
+      pattern: "LL 9999"
+      regex: '\A[A-Z0-9](?:[- ]?[A-Z0-9])*\z'
+      evidence: none-published
+    design: { background: { color: "#FFFFFF", finish: retroreflective, hex_basis: observed }, foreground: "#003C71", design_basis: secondary }
+    notes: >-
+      s. 64 creates dealers' number plates; s. 35(2) is the operative deeming
+      rule: "A registration card issued to a dealer in relation to dealers'
+      number plates is deemed to have been issued for a vehicle when (a) the
+      vehicle displays, in accordance with the regulations, the quantity and
+      type of dealers' number plates that the regulations prescribe for use on
+      vehicles of its registration class; and (b) the dealers' number plates on
+      the vehicle display its registration card number and, in accordance with
+      the regulations, stickers showing that the registration is valid." Note
+      what is MISSING from (b) against the ordinary rule in s. 34(1)(a)(iii):
+      no registration-CLASS sticker. A dealer plate carries a validation sticker
+      only. `period.start: 2018` is the section's enactment note (S.M. 2018,
+      c. 10, Sch. C, s. 15) and is an UPPER BOUND — Manitoba plainly issued
+      dealer plates before 2018; that Act was a re-enactment.
+    sources:
+      - "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/d104.php  # ss. 35(2), 64; enactment note S.M. 2018, c. 10, Sch. C, s. 15"
+
+  - id: ca-mb-repairer
+    class: dealer
+    categories: [car, van, truck]
+    period: { start: 2018 }
+    period_evidence: instrument-in-force-upper-bound
+    matching: recall-only
+    format:
+      pattern: "LL 9999"
+      regex: '\A[A-Z0-9](?:[- ]?[A-Z0-9])*\z'
+      evidence: none-published
+    design: { background: { color: "#FFFFFF", finish: retroreflective, hex_basis: observed }, foreground: "#003C71", design_basis: secondary }
+    notes: >-
+      THE TYPE ALMOST NOBODY ELSE HAS. s. 65 creates REPAIRERS' number plates as
+      a statutory type distinct from dealers', with its own deeming rule in
+      s. 35(3) in identical terms to the dealer rule. A garage moving a
+      customer's vehicle under its own plate is common practice everywhere; a
+      legislature giving it its own plate TYPE, separate from the dealer plate,
+      is not. Filed under `class: dealer` because _meta/classes.yml defines that
+      class as "trade/garage plates bound to a business, not a vehicle", which
+      fits exactly and covers both — distinguished from ca-mb-dealer by these
+      notes and by the statutory section, as the lint's overlap rule requires.
+      Same 2018 upper-bound reasoning as ca-mb-dealer.
+    sources:
+      - "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/d104.php  # ss. 35(3), 65; enactment note S.M. 2018, c. 10, Sch. C, s. 15"
+
+  - id: ca-mb-collector
+    class: historic
+    categories: [car, van, truck]
+    period: { start: 2018 }
+    period_evidence: instrument-in-force-upper-bound
+    matching: recall-only
+    format:
+      pattern: "999 999"
+      regex: '\A[A-Z0-9](?:[- ]?[A-Z0-9])*\z'
+      evidence: none-published
+    design: { background: { color: "#FFFFFF", finish: retroreflective, hex_basis: observed }, foreground: "#003C71", design_basis: secondary }
+    notes: >-
+      s. 66 governs collector number plates and is written almost entirely as
+      PROHIBITIONS, which is itself the interesting part: "(1) The registrar may
+      issue a collector number plate only to a person prescribed by regulation.
+      (2) No person shall attach a collector number plate to a motor vehicle
+      except when permitted to do so by the regulations. (3) No person shall
+      attach a collector number plate to a motor vehicle that has the status of
+      a salvageable motor vehicle unless the motor vehicle (a) has been
+      repaired; and (b) is being driven in a road test in accordance with the
+      regulations. (4) No person shall attach a collector number plate to a
+      motor vehicle for the purpose of using it to transport persons or property
+      for compensation." Note (3): Manitoba contemplates a collector plate on a
+      REPAIRED WRITE-OFF under road test — a direct hook into the written-off
+      motor vehicle regime that follows in the same Act. Eligibility is entirely
+      in unread regulations (s. 66(1)), which is the same gap recorded at
+      instrument.regulation. s. 35(4) supplies the deeming rule and, unlike the
+      dealer and repairer rules, DOES require a registration-class sticker.
+    sources:
+      - "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/d104.php  # ss. 35(4), 66(1)-(5); enactment note S.M. 2018, c. 10, Sch. C, s. 15"
+
+  - id: ca-mb-personalized
+    class: personalized
+    categories: [car, van, truck, motorcycle]
+    period: { start: 1997 }
+    period_evidence: agency-stated-upper-bound
+    matching: recall-only
+    format:
+      pattern: "LLLLLL"
+      regex: '\A[A-Z0-9](?:[- ]?[A-Z0-9])*\z'
+      evidence: statute-for-permissibility-only
+    design: { background: { color: "#FFFFFF", finish: retroreflective, hex_basis: observed }, foreground: "#003C71", design_basis: secondary }
+    notes: >-
+      THE STATUTORY HOOK IS s. 60(1)'s "or WORDS": "a number plate may consist
+      of numbers, letters or words". `period.start: 1997` is an UPPER BOUND from
+      the 1997 news release, which describes the programme as already running
+      and being carried across the re-plating: "Manitoba Highways and
+      Transportation has contacted current holders of personalized licence
+      plates to determine if they wish to renew their slogan for a $50 fee.
+      Personalized plate holders who did not receive a renewal notice may contact
+      the Division of Driver and Vehicle Licensing Personalized Licence Plate
+      Section." The release also records the 1997-98 recycling of lapsed
+      slogans: "Slogans not renewed by Aug. 1, 1998, will be made available to
+      the general public for a fee of $100." Manitoba's own word for a
+      personalized combination is a SLOGAN, which is a nice tell that s. 60(1)'s
+      "words" branch is the one being exercised. No character count, alphabet or
+      refusal-grounds list was reached (MPI's pages 404'd), so the regex is an
+      unbounded catch-all and the series is recall-only.
+    sources:
+      - "https://news.gov.mb.ca/news/index.html?item=22982&posted=1997-06-13  # the programme in existence in 1997, the $50 renewal, the $100 release of lapsed slogans, the 'slogan' terminology"
+      - "https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/d104.php  # s. 60(1) 'numbers, letters or words'"