vehicles 0.4.1 → 0.8.0

data/data/plates/ca-bc.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,697 @@
+# plates/ca-bc.yml — British Columbia (PRD-PLATES gate L3, Canada west).
+#
+# CANADA IS FEDERATED THE WAY THE UNITED STATES IS, AND THIS FILE IS THE
+# per-subdivision shape the schema already carries (`us-fl.yml` is its
+# reference). There is no federal Canadian plate: the Constitution Act 1867
+# s. 92(13) property-and-civil-rights head puts vehicle registration in the
+# provinces and the territorial statutes replicate it, so `ca.yml` would have
+# nothing true to say about a format. Jurisdiction code is the ISO 3166-2:CA
+# suffix, lowercased, matching the `us-<state>` convention already on disk.
+#
+# ── FIVE STRUCTURAL FACTS THAT SHAPE THIS FILE ─────────────────────────────
+#
+# 1. BRITISH COLUMBIA DELEGATES THE ENTIRE PLATE DESIGN TO A CROWN INSURER,
+#    IN ONE SENTENCE OF STATUTE, AND WRITES NOTHING ELSE DOWN.
+#    Motor Vehicle Act, R.S.B.C. 1996, c. 318, s. 12(1), verbatim:
+#      "Each number plate must (a) be marked with the licence number of the
+#       motor vehicle or trailer for which it is issued, and (b) be of a
+#       material and design determined by the Insurance Corporation of
+#       British Columbia."
+#    That is the whole design law of British Columbia. No size, no colour, no
+#    character height, no serial grammar — the DELEGATE decides, and the
+#    delegate is an insurance corporation, not a ministry. This is the
+#    Washington State pattern (RCW 46.16A.200(1) hands design to the director)
+#    arriving in Canada, and it sets the evidence ceiling for the whole file:
+#    every format claim here comes from ICBC's OWN PUBLICATION, not from law.
+#
+# 2. THE PUBLICATION EXISTS, IT IS DATED, AND IT IS THE FIND OF THIS PASS.
+#    ICBC "Vehicle licensing & insurance bulletin", bulletin 33, 9 June 2025,
+#    "New licence plate number configurations", is a four-page law-enforcement
+#    bulletin that TABULATES the current and incoming character pattern of
+#    eight BC plate types in ICBC's own notation (`#` = a number 0-9,
+#    `@` = any letter other than I, O or Q). It is the closest thing British
+#    Columbia has to a statutory format annex, it is primary (the delegate's
+#    own act under s. 12(1)(b)), and every `format` block below that carries
+#    `evidence: agency-bulletin` is anchored on one of its rows. Verbatim, on
+#    the alphabet: "The new licence plate patterns may include the letters
+#    'U', 'Y' and 'Z', which were not previously used. The letters 'I', 'O'
+#    and 'Q' remain excluded from use because they present identification
+#    issues." And on length: "All BC licence plate types consist of no more
+#    than six characters." That sentence is the outer bound in every
+#    `regex_statutory` in this file.
+#
+# 3. NO SIZE IS PRESCRIBED ANYWHERE, SO NO SERIES HERE CARRIES ONE.
+#    Division 3 of the Motor Vehicle Act Regulations (B.C. Reg. 26/58) —
+#    "Display and Use of Number Plates", ss. 3.01 to 3.15 — was read in full.
+#    It legislates ATTACHMENT (3.011), ORIENTATION (3.02, 3.021), LEGIBILITY
+#    (3.03), and then twelve sections of transfer/remission/disposal
+#    administration. It prescribes no dimension, no colour and no character
+#    metric. `design.plate` is therefore ABSENT from every series in this file
+#    and its absence is a sourced finding, exactly as in plates/gb.yml. The
+#    "12 x 6 inch North American plate" is a real convention and an UNSOURCED
+#    one here; it is recorded as a note, never as a dimension.
+#
+# 4. THE PLATE IS ICBC'S PROPERTY, NOT THE OWNER'S, AND THE BINDING IS TO THE
+#    VEHICLE VIA THE LICENCE. s. 12(6), verbatim: "Number plates and
+#    validation decals issued under this section are the property of the
+#    Insurance Corporation of British Columbia whether they were issued
+#    before, on or after the date this section comes into force." Reg. 3.031
+#    then lets a registered owner move plates between their OWN vehicles on
+#    payment, and reg. 3.05 forces removal on transfer of title — so a BC
+#    plate follows the OWNER's registration, not the car. `binding: vehicle`
+#    is retained because the plate is issued against a vehicle licence, with
+#    the transferability recorded in `binding_note`.
+#
+# 5. THE SEPARATOR QUESTION IS OPEN AND IS SAID SO, NOT GUESSED.
+#    ICBC's bulletin writes every pattern SOLID (`@###@@`, example `A123BC`).
+#    A physical BC passenger plate prints a visible gap between character
+#    groups, and secondary sources render the serial hyphenated (`A12-3BC`).
+#    ICBC states no separator glyph and no gap POSITION. Under PRD-PLATES
+#    § 2.6 the dataset ships the printed form; where the authority itself
+#    prints the form solid and states nothing else, the solid form is what is
+#    shipped, and the gap is recorded as an open question rather than placed
+#    at a guessed offset. A § 2.6-forgiving consumer canonicalises both forms
+#    to the same serial, so nothing is lost at match time — only the ability
+#    to SAY where the gap falls, which no primary establishes.
+#
+# REGEX POLICY (identical to plates/gb.yml, plates/de.yml, plates/us-fl.yml):
+# `format.regex` is the lint-round-trippable regex — the lint generates
+# serials from `format.pattern` (9 -> any digit, L -> any A-Z) and requires
+# the regex to accept all of them, so `regex` can never carry the I/O/Q
+# exclusion. `format.regex_strict` carries ICBC's own alphabet.
+# `format.regex_statutory` carries the six-character bound the bulletin states
+# for every BC plate type.
+jurisdiction: ca-bc
+authority:
+  name: Insurance Corporation of British Columbia (ICBC), as delegate of the Province under the Motor Vehicle Act
+  url: "https://www.icbc.com/vehicle-registration/licence-plates"
+binding: vehicle
+binding_note: >-
+  The plate is issued against a vehicle LICENCE and is ICBC's property
+  throughout (MVA s. 12(6)). It is not permanently married to the vehicle: reg.
+  3.031(1) lets a registered owner or lessee move plates from one of their own
+  vehicles to another on compliance with licensing and payment, and reg. 3.05
+  forces the transferor to REMOVE the plates before giving up possession on a
+  sale. So on a sale the plate stays with the seller — the opposite of the
+  British rule and of most US states — while remaining, in law, ICBC's.
+instrument:
+  statute:
+    citation: "Motor Vehicle Act, R.S.B.C. 1996, c. 318, s. 12 (Number plates); s. 3 (registration, licence and insurance); s. 13 (offences)"
+    source: "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/96318_01  # s. 12(1)(a)-(b), (2)-(6) read verbatim 2026-08-02"
+  regulation:
+    citation: "Motor Vehicle Act Regulations, B.C. Reg. 26/58 (O.C. 1004/58), Division 3 (Display and Use of Number Plates), Division 22 (Antique Motor Vehicles), Division 22A (Collector Motor Vehicles), Division 34 (Personalized Number Plates)"
+    consolidation: "This consolidation is current to July 28, 2026. Last amended April 20, 2026 by B.C. Reg. 59/2026."
+    source: "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/26_58_01  # Division 3 ss. 3.01-3.15 read in full 2026-08-02"
+    source_div22: "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/26_58_06  # Divisions 22 and 22A"
+    source_div34: "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/26_58_10  # Division 34"
+  agency_bulletin:
+    citation: "ICBC, Vehicle licensing & insurance bulletin 33, 9 June 2025 — 'New licence plate number configurations'"
+    issued: "2025-06-09"
+    author: "Christopher Dicdiquin, Manager, Vehicle Registration Policy and Programs, ICBC"
+    self_declared_authority: >-
+      The bulletin's own Reference block names exactly four authorities:
+      "Motor Vehicle Act s. 3(7) / s. 12 / s. 13", "Motor Vehicle Act
+      Regulations Div. 3", "Vehicle licensing and insurance bulletins", and
+      "License Plate Standard, ed. 3 (AAMVA)". ICBC therefore cites the SAME
+      AAMVA Edition 3 the US files cite — a voluntary standard with no
+      enforcement power, adopted here by a Canadian Crown corporation.
+    source: "https://partners.icbc.com/assets/5GMseymkqs8E4Otb8osoGQ/bulletin-33-new-licence-plate-configurations.pdf  # pp. 1-3: alphabet, six-character rule, the eight-row current/new pattern table, the Reference block"
+  licence: "bclaws.gov.bc.ca content is Copyright (c) King's Printer, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, published under the King's Printer licence; the statute and regulation are edicts of government. The ICBC bulletin is an ICBC publication, served without click-through, and is cited (facts extracted) rather than reproduced."
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# artwork_risk — PRD-PLATES § 4 requires this per federated subdivision.
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+artwork_risk:
+  posture: unresearched-crown-copyright-presumed
+  basis: >-
+    Canada has no Feist and no state-works doctrine: Crown copyright subsists
+    under s. 12 of the Copyright Act (R.S.C. 1985, c. C-42) in works "prepared
+    or published by or under the direction or control of His Majesty or any
+    government department". British Columbia's own bclaws pages carry
+    "Copyright (c) King's Printer, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada". No BC
+    equivalent of {{PD-FLGov}} exists on Commons. Nothing was found either
+    asserting or disclaiming copyright in the PLATE DESIGN specifically, so the
+    posture is recorded as UNRESEARCHED and the § 3 placeholder default governs.
+  emblem_rule: >-
+    PRD-PLATES § 3 placeholder rule applies to the provincial flag device on
+    the standard base and to all three BC Parks artworks (Kermode bear, Purcell
+    Mountains, Porteau Cove), which are commissioned photographic/illustrative
+    works, not statutory drawings. Render emblem slots as
+    `{present: true, rendered: placeholder}`.
+  contrast_note: >-
+    The neighbouring territories are the instructive contrast and are NOT
+    guesswork: the Northwest Territories holds a REGISTERED CANADIAN TRADE-MARK
+    over its polar-bear plate (TMA558214) and licensed it to Nunavut. See
+    plates/ca-nt.yml. No comparable BC registration was searched for; that is a
+    named gap, not a clearance.
+  sources:
+    - "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/96318_01  # King's Printer copyright notice on the served text"
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Display rules — the part of BC law that IS specific.
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+display_rules:
+  attachment: >-
+    Reg. 3.011, verbatim: "Number plates issued for a vehicle under the
+    Commercial Transport Act or Motor Vehicle Act must be attached (a) one plate
+    to the front and one plate to the rear of the vehicle, if 2 number plates
+    are issued for a vehicle, and (b) to the rear of the vehicle, if a single
+    number plate is issued for a vehicle." Note the shape of the rule: BC does
+    not legislate HOW MANY plates a class gets — it legislates where they go
+    once ICBC has decided. The two-plate passenger convention is ICBC's, not
+    the regulation's.
+  orientation: >-
+    Reg. 3.02: "A number plate shall at all times be securely fastened in a
+    horizontal position to the vehicle for which it is issued." Reg. 3.021
+    (added by B.C. Reg. 193/2015): "Despite section 3.02, a number plate may be
+    attached in vertical position on the left front fork of a motorcycle, with
+    the first number or letter at the bottom of the fork." A VERTICAL,
+    BOTTOM-UP motorcycle plate is a real and lawful BC reading order — a
+    consumer doing OCR on a BC motorcycle must handle 90-degree rotation.
+  legibility: >-
+    Reg. 3.03: the plate "must be kept entirely unobstructed and free from dirt
+    or foreign material, so that the numbers and letters on it may be plainly
+    seen and read at all times and so that the numbers and letters may be
+    accurately photographed using a speed monitoring device or traffic light
+    safety device prescribed under section 83.1 of the Act." BC legislates
+    machine readability by name, which is unusual and is why bulletin 33 spends
+    a paragraph on ALPR compatibility.
+  validation_decal: >-
+    Reg. 3.012: a validation decal goes on the FRONT plate for a Commercial
+    Transport Act vehicle over 5 500 kg licensed GVW and on the REAR plate for
+    every other vehicle. Reg. 3.012(2) carves out decals issued before
+    1 May 2022 — ICBC stopped issuing decals in 2022, so a current BC plate
+    carries no visible validity marker.
+  off_road: "Reg. 3.0111: s. 3.011 does not apply to an off-road vehicle registered under the Off-Road Vehicle Act displaying a number plate or number sticker issued under that Act (a separate regime, out of scope here)."
+  sources:
+    - "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/26_58_01  # Division 3 ss. 3.011, 3.0111, 3.012, 3.02, 3.021, 3.03"
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Jurisdiction-wide facts, cited once and referenced per series.
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+common:
+  alphabet:
+    excluded: ["I", "O", "Q"]
+    statement: >-
+      ICBC bulletin 33, verbatim: "In the patterns below, # represents a number
+      (0-9) and @ represents any letter (other than I, O, or Q.)" and "The
+      letters 'I', 'O' and 'Q' remain excluded from use because they present
+      identification issues."
+    newly_admitted: ["U", "Y", "Z"]
+    newly_admitted_statement: >-
+      Verbatim: "The new licence plate patterns may include the letters 'U',
+      'Y' and 'Z', which were not previously used." This is the single most
+      useful era signal in the file: a BC serial containing U, Y or Z is
+      2025-or-later on ICBC's own statement.
+    source: "https://partners.icbc.com/assets/5GMseymkqs8E4Otb8osoGQ/bulletin-33-new-licence-plate-configurations.pdf  # p.1 alphabet paragraph, p.2 pattern-table legend"
+  length_bound:
+    max_characters: 6
+    statement: >-
+      Verbatim: "Will licence plates still have six characters maximum? Yes. By
+      altering the pattern of number and letter positions for each licence
+      plate type, ICBC was able to increase available licence plate
+      combinations using the same number of characters." And in Background:
+      "All BC licence plate types consist of no more than six characters."
+    source: "https://partners.icbc.com/assets/5GMseymkqs8E4Otb8osoGQ/bulletin-33-new-licence-plate-configurations.pdf  # pp.1-2"
+  why_the_2025_recut:
+    statement: >-
+      Verbatim: "The changes are necessary to ensure every licence plate has a
+      unique alpha-numeric number, because the existing patterns are nearly used
+      up." And: "To ensure there is sufficient inventory of unique licence plate
+      numbers for the next twenty years, character pattern updates are planned
+      for 16 licence plate types. Ten of these are scheduled for rollout as
+      required over the next year." SIXTEEN types are being re-cut; the bulletin
+      tabulates EIGHT. The other eight are a known, named gap in this file.
+    source: "https://partners.icbc.com/assets/5GMseymkqs8E4Otb8osoGQ/bulletin-33-new-licence-plate-configurations.pdf  # p.2 Background"
+  plate_count_note: >-
+    ICBC issues 40-odd plate types (bulletin 33: "ICBC maintains approximately
+    40 licence plate types"). This file authors the ten for which a grammar or a
+    dated design was secured. The remainder are a recorded gap, not an omission.
+  dimensions_note: >-
+    NEGATIVE FINDING, recorded so nobody repeats the hunt. Neither MVA s. 12
+    nor Division 3 of B.C. Reg. 26/58 prescribes any plate dimension, and no
+    ICBC page carrying one was found. The 12 x 6 in / 300 x 150 mm North
+    American convention is real and is NOT asserted here. `design.plate` is
+    absent from every series by design.
+  colour_note: >-
+    Blue characters on a reflective white ground with the provincial flag device
+    is the standard base as depicted on ICBC's own pages. No colour is in any
+    instrument; every hex below is `hex_basis: observed`.
+
+series:
+
+  # =========================================================================
+  # STANDARD PASSENGER — the current recut and the series it replaces.
+  # =========================================================================
+  - id: ca-bc-standard-2025
+    class: standard
+    categories: [car, van, truck, bus]
+    period: { start: 2025 }
+    period_evidence: first-issue-announced
+    matching: strict
+    format:
+      pattern: "L999LL"
+      regex: '\A[A-Z]\d{3}[A-Z]{2}\z'
+      regex_strict: '\A[A-HJ-NPR-Z]\d{3}[A-HJ-NPR-Z]{2}\z'
+      regex_statutory: '\A[A-Z0-9](?: ?[A-Z0-9]){0,5}\z'
+      evidence: agency-bulletin
+      charset:
+        excluded: ["I", "O", "Q"]
+        notes: >-
+          ICBC bulletin 33 row "Passenger": current pattern @@###@, NEW pattern
+          @###@@, "Example of new pattern: A123BC". `@` is defined in the
+          bulletin's own legend as "any letter (other than I, O, or Q.)"
+          `regex_strict` is that legend spelled out; `regex` cannot carry it
+          because the lint generates I, O and Q from the human pattern.
+      separator_note: >-
+        ICBC prints the pattern and its example SOLID. The physical plate shows
+        a group gap and secondary renderings hyphenate it (`A12-3BC`), but ICBC
+        states neither a glyph nor a gap POSITION, so none is asserted. A
+        PRD-PLATES § 2.6 forgiving consumer strips the gap and matches this
+        regex unchanged.
+      progression: "not published. ICBC states only that the recut exists to extend the six-character space; no block-allocation order was found."
+    design:
+      background: { color: "#FFFFFF", finish: retroreflective, hex_basis: observed }
+      foreground: "#12326E"
+      legend_top: "BRITISH COLUMBIA"
+      legend_bottom: "Beautiful British Columbia"
+      emblem: { present: true, rendered: placeholder, description: "provincial flag device" }
+      rear_differs: false
+      design_note: >-
+        Bulletin 33, verbatim: "All regular BC plates will remain six characters
+        with the same design, reflectivity, and materials, making them scannable
+        as usual." So the 2025 recut is a SERIAL-GRAMMAR change on an UNCHANGED
+        BASE — the base and the format have different lifetimes, and a schema
+        that conflates them cannot model British Columbia. Same finding as
+        Oregon's 1987 fir base outliving two serial arrangements.
+    notes: >-
+      Rollout, verbatim: "ICBC will be gradually introducing new licence plate
+      character configurations on some British Columbia licence plates. This will
+      begin with the B.C. Parks - Porteau Cove series within the next few weeks,
+      followed by regular passenger licence plates as early as August 2025."
+      `period.start: 2025` rests on that sentence and on the bulletin's own date
+      (9 June 2025) — an authority statement of intended first issue, not a
+      confirmed first-issue observation, which is why the evidence grade is
+      `first-issue-announced` and not `agency-stated-date`. The predecessor
+      series continues to issue from stock in parallel; see ca-bc-standard-2014.
+    sources:
+      - "https://partners.icbc.com/assets/5GMseymkqs8E4Otb8osoGQ/bulletin-33-new-licence-plate-configurations.pdf  # pattern, alphabet, rollout month, unchanged-base statement"
+      - "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/96318_01  # MVA s. 12(1)(b): the design is ICBC's to determine"
+
+  - id: ca-bc-standard-2014
+    class: standard
+    categories: [car, van, truck, bus]
+    period: { start: 2014, end: 2025 }
+    period_evidence: mixed-secondary-start-agency-end
+    matching: strict
+    format:
+      pattern: "LL999L"
+      regex: '\A[A-Z]{2}\d{3}[A-Z]\z'
+      regex_strict: '\A[A-HJ-NPR-TVWX]{2}\d{3}[A-HJ-NPR-TVWX]\z'
+      regex_statutory: '\A[A-Z0-9](?: ?[A-Z0-9]){0,5}\z'
+      evidence: agency-bulletin-for-format
+      charset:
+        excluded: ["I", "O", "Q", "U", "Y", "Z"]
+        notes: >-
+          Six letters, not three, and the extra three are the era signal. ICBC
+          bulletin 33 says the new patterns "may include the letters 'U', 'Y'
+          and 'Z', which were not previously used" — so the pre-2025 alphabet is
+          A-Z minus I, O, Q, U, Y, Z, which is exactly what `regex_strict`
+          spells (A-H, J-N, P, R-T, V, W, X).
+      separator_note: "As ca-bc-standard-2025: ICBC prints @@###@ solid; the gap position is unstated."
+    design:
+      background: { color: "#FFFFFF", finish: retroreflective, hex_basis: observed }
+      foreground: "#12326E"
+      legend_top: "BRITISH COLUMBIA"
+      legend_bottom: "Beautiful British Columbia"
+      emblem: { present: true, rendered: placeholder, description: "provincial flag device" }
+      rear_differs: false
+    notes: >-
+      THE TWO ENDS OF THIS PERIOD HAVE DIFFERENT EVIDENCE GRADES AND THE KEY
+      SAYS SO. The END is strong: ICBC bulletin 33 (9 June 2025) tabulates
+      @@###@ as the "Current pattern" being replaced for Passenger, which dates
+      the changeover to 2025 from the authority. The START is weak: 2014 comes
+      only from the per-jurisdiction encyclopedia article used as a finding aid,
+      whose format-history row carries no footnote; no ICBC or provincial source
+      dating the AB1-23C arrangement was found. Treat 2014 as unverified.
+      Parallel issuance with ca-bc-standard-2025 is REAL — old plate stock is
+      issued until exhausted ("New licence plate configurations will roll out as
+      old inventories get exhausted") — which is why the two series overlap.
+    sources:
+      - "https://partners.icbc.com/assets/5GMseymkqs8E4Otb8osoGQ/bulletin-33-new-licence-plate-configurations.pdf  # 'Current pattern' column = @@###@; old-inventory exhaustion rule"
+      - "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_British_Columbia  # FINDING AID ONLY (PRD-PLATES §4 Wikipedia row): the unfootnoted 2014 start; accessed 2026-08-02"
+
+  # =========================================================================
+  # COMMERCIAL / FARM / TRAILER / PRORATE / INDUSTRIAL — the other seven rows
+  # of the bulletin's table. Each is a distinct plate TYPE in ICBC's own terms
+  # with its own grammar, which is why each is its own series.
+  # =========================================================================
+  - id: ca-bc-commercial-truck-2025
+    class: standard
+    categories: [truck]
+    period: { start: 2025 }
+    period_evidence: first-issue-announced
+    matching: strict
+    format:
+      pattern: "9LL999"
+      regex: '\A\d[A-Z]{2}\d{3}\z'
+      regex_strict: '\A\d[A-HJ-NPR-Z]{2}\d{3}\z'
+      regex_statutory: '\A[A-Z0-9](?: ?[A-Z0-9]){0,5}\z'
+      evidence: agency-bulletin
+      charset: { excluded: ["I", "O", "Q"] }
+    design:
+      background: { color: "#FFFFFF", finish: retroreflective, hex_basis: observed }
+      foreground: "#12326E"
+      emblem: { present: true, rendered: placeholder }
+    notes: >-
+      Bulletin 33 row "Commercial Truck": current @#####, new #@@###, "Example
+      of new pattern: 1AB234". Commercial vehicles over 5 500 kg licensed GVW
+      are licensed under the COMMERCIAL TRANSPORT ACT rather than the Motor
+      Vehicle Act (reg. 3.012(1)(a) turns on exactly that threshold) and carry
+      their validation decal on the FRONT plate. The superseded @##### grammar
+      is not given a series of its own because no source dates it.
+    sources:
+      - "https://partners.icbc.com/assets/5GMseymkqs8E4Otb8osoGQ/bulletin-33-new-licence-plate-configurations.pdf  # Commercial Truck row"
+
+  - id: ca-bc-farm-2025
+    class: agricultural
+    categories: [truck]
+    period: { start: 2025 }
+    period_evidence: first-issue-announced
+    matching: strict
+    format:
+      pattern: "99999L"
+      regex: '\A\d{5}[A-Z]\z'
+      regex_strict: '\A\d{5}[A-HJ-NPR-Z]\z'
+      regex_statutory: '\A[A-Z0-9](?: ?[A-Z0-9]){0,5}\z'
+      evidence: agency-bulletin
+      charset: { excluded: ["I", "O", "Q"] }
+    design:
+      background: { color: "#FFFFFF", finish: retroreflective, hex_basis: observed }
+      foreground: "#12326E"
+    notes: >-
+      Bulletin 33 row "Farm Truck": current G#####, new #####A, "Example of new
+      pattern: 12345A". The recut RETIRES the leading G — the old grammar's only
+      geographic-free type marker — and moves the letter to the tail, so a BC
+      farm plate is no longer recognisable by its first character. Farm vehicles
+      are also the one class BC bars from personalised plates (reg. 34.05(1)(a)).
+    sources:
+      - "https://partners.icbc.com/assets/5GMseymkqs8E4Otb8osoGQ/bulletin-33-new-licence-plate-configurations.pdf  # Farm Truck row"
+      - "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/26_58_10  # reg. 34.05(1)(a): no personalised plate on a farm vehicle"
+
+  - id: ca-bc-trailer-utility-2025
+    class: trailer
+    categories: [trailer]
+    period: { start: 2025 }
+    period_evidence: first-issue-announced
+    matching: strict
+    format:
+      pattern: "9ULLL9"
+      regex: '\A\dU[A-Z]{3}\d\z'
+      regex_strict: '\A\dU[A-HJ-NPR-Z]{3}\d\z'
+      regex_statutory: '\A[A-Z0-9](?: ?[A-Z0-9]){0,5}\z'
+      evidence: agency-bulletin
+      charset: { excluded: ["I", "O", "Q"] }
+    design:
+      background: { color: "#FFFFFF", finish: retroreflective, hex_basis: observed }
+      foreground: "#12326E"
+    notes: >-
+      Bulletin 33 row "Utility Trailer": current U####A, new #U@@@#, "Example of
+      new pattern: 1UABC2". The literal U is a TYPE MARKER that survives the
+      recut but MOVES from position 1 to position 2 — and note the collision it
+      creates with fact 2 above: U is simultaneously a newly admitted SERIAL
+      letter elsewhere in the system from 2025. A parser must not read "contains
+      U" as "utility trailer"; only "U in position 2 of a six-character serial"
+      carries that meaning, and even that is a shape hit.
+      Trailers are barred from personalised plates (reg. 34.05(1)(f)).
+    sources:
+      - "https://partners.icbc.com/assets/5GMseymkqs8E4Otb8osoGQ/bulletin-33-new-licence-plate-configurations.pdf  # Utility Trailer row"
+      - "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/26_58_10  # reg. 34.05(1)(f)"
+
+  - id: ca-bc-prorate-2025
+    class: standard
+    categories: [truck, bus]
+    period: { start: 2025 }
+    period_evidence: first-issue-announced
+    matching: strict
+    format:
+      pattern: "9999P9"
+      regex: '\A\d{4}P\d\z'
+      regex_statutory: '\A[A-Z0-9](?: ?[A-Z0-9]){0,5}\z'
+      evidence: agency-bulletin
+    design:
+      background: { color: "#FFFFFF", finish: retroreflective, hex_basis: observed }
+      foreground: "#12326E"
+    notes: >-
+      Bulletin 33 row "Prorate": current #####P, new ####P#, "Example of new
+      pattern: 1234P5". A prorate plate is an International Registration Plan
+      apportioned plate for interjurisdictional commercial carriers; the literal
+      P is the type marker and moves from the tail to position 5. No
+      `regex_strict` is carried because the grammar has no free letter position
+      left to restrict.
+    sources:
+      - "https://partners.icbc.com/assets/5GMseymkqs8E4Otb8osoGQ/bulletin-33-new-licence-plate-configurations.pdf  # Prorate row"
+
+  - id: ca-bc-industrial-2025
+    class: standard
+    categories: [truck]
+    period: { start: 2025 }
+    period_evidence: first-issue-announced
+    matching: strict
+    format:
+      pattern: "9X9999"
+      regex: '\A\dX\d{4}\z'
+      regex_statutory: '\A[A-Z0-9](?: ?[A-Z0-9]){0,5}\z'
+      evidence: agency-bulletin
+    design:
+      background: { color: "#FFFFFF", finish: retroreflective, hex_basis: observed }
+      foreground: "#12326E"
+    notes: >-
+      Bulletin 33 row "Industrial": current X#####, new #X####, "Example of new
+      pattern: 1X2345". Industrial plates are for machines used off-highway that
+      make limited highway movements; Division 24 of B.C. Reg. 26/58 ("Vehicles
+      of Unusual Size, Weight or Operating Characteristics") is the neighbouring
+      regime and reg. 3.121 forbids moving plates between a Division 24 vehicle
+      and any other class — a hard, sourced class boundary.
+    sources:
+      - "https://partners.icbc.com/assets/5GMseymkqs8E4Otb8osoGQ/bulletin-33-new-licence-plate-configurations.pdf  # Industrial row"
+      - "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/26_58_01  # reg. 3.121, reg. 3.13 classes of vehicles"
+
+  # =========================================================================
+  # BC PARKS — the specialty programme, and the one series in this file with a
+  # first-issue date to the DAY from a provincial news release.
+  # =========================================================================
+  - id: ca-bc-parks-2025
+    class: specialty
+    categories: [car, van, truck]
+    period: { start: 2025 }
+    period_evidence: first-issue-announced
+    matching: strict
+    format:
+      pattern: "P999LL"
+      regex: '\A[PRS]\d{3}[A-Z]{2}\z'
+      regex_strict: '\A[PRS]\d{3}[A-HJ-NPR-Z]{2}\z'
+      regex_statutory: '\A[A-Z0-9](?: ?[A-Z0-9]){0,5}\z'
+      evidence: agency-bulletin
+      charset: { excluded: ["I", "O", "Q"] }
+      first_character_is_the_design: >-
+        The leading letter identifies WHICH park artwork the plate carries, and
+        it is a closed three-member set from bulletin 33: S = Porteau Cove,
+        P = Kermode, R = Purcell. This is the only geographic-ish decode
+        dimension British Columbia has, and it decodes the DESIGN, not the
+        registrant's location. Small and closed, so it is inline here rather
+        than in a _decode file.
+    variants:
+      - name: "BC Parks - Porteau Cove"
+        format: { pattern: "S999LL", regex: '\AS\d{3}[A-Z]{2}\z' }
+      - name: "BC Parks - Purcell"
+        format: { pattern: "R999LL" }
+    design:
+      background: { color: "#FFFFFF", finish: retroreflective, hex_basis: observed }
+      foreground: "#12326E"
+      emblem: { present: true, rendered: placeholder, description: "one of three park scenes: Kermode bear / Purcell Mountains / Porteau Cove" }
+    notes: >-
+      Bulletin 33 rows "Parks - Porteau Cove" (current RS###@, new S###@@,
+      example S123AA), "Parks - Kermode" (current RK###@, new P###@@, example
+      P123AA) and "Parks - Purcell" (current RM###@, new R###@@, example
+      R123AA). Porteau Cove is the FIRST type in the whole 2025 recut: "This
+      will begin with the B.C. Parks - Porteau Cove series within the next few
+      weeks" (bulletin dated 9 June 2025). The three superseded grammars
+      (RS###@ / RK###@ / RM###@) belong to ca-bc-parks-2017.
+    sources:
+      - "https://partners.icbc.com/assets/5GMseymkqs8E4Otb8osoGQ/bulletin-33-new-licence-plate-configurations.pdf  # the three Parks rows + rollout order"
+
+  - id: ca-bc-parks-2017
+    class: specialty
+    categories: [car, van, truck]
+    period: { start: 2017, end: 2025 }
+    period_evidence: agency-stated-date
+    matching: strict
+    format:
+      pattern: "RK999L"
+      regex: '\AR[KMS]\d{3}[A-Z]\z'
+      regex_strict: '\AR[KMS]\d{3}[A-HJ-NPR-TVWX]\z'
+      regex_statutory: '\A[A-Z0-9](?: ?[A-Z0-9]){0,5}\z'
+      evidence: agency-bulletin
+      charset: { excluded: ["I", "O", "Q", "U", "Y", "Z"] }
+      decode_inline:
+        RK: "Kermode bear"
+        RM: "Purcell Mountains"
+        RS: "Porteau Cove"
+    design:
+      background: { color: "#FFFFFF", finish: retroreflective, hex_basis: observed }
+      foreground: "#12326E"
+      emblem: { present: true, rendered: placeholder, description: "one of three park scenes" }
+    notes: >-
+      START IS PRIMARY AND TO THE DAY. Province of British Columbia news release
+      2017ENV0020-000696 (19 March 2017), verbatim: "The three licence plate
+      designs - a Kermode bear found only in British Columbia, the snow-capped
+      Purcell Mountains, and a stunning view from Porteau Cove overlooking Howe
+      Sound - were unveiled by Environment Minister Mary Polak and Transportation
+      and Infrastructure Minister Todd Stone on Jan. 18, 2017, in Vancouver" and
+      "became available for purchase at Autoplan broker offices on Jan. 29,
+      2017". Unveiling and FIRST ISSUE are eight days apart and this file records
+      the issue date, not the unveiling. END is the 2025 recut per bulletin 33.
+      `regex_strict` restricts the tail letter to the pre-2025 alphabet, which is
+      what makes an RK/RM/RS plate era-datable on sight.
+    sources:
+      - "https://news.gov.bc.ca/releases/2017ENV0020-000696  # unveiled 18 Jan 2017, on sale 29 Jan 2017, the three designs, the ICBC partnership"
+      - "https://partners.icbc.com/assets/5GMseymkqs8E4Otb8osoGQ/bulletin-33-new-licence-plate-configurations.pdf  # the RS/RK/RM 'Current pattern' column"
+
+  # =========================================================================
+  # CLASSES WHOSE GRAMMAR ICBC HAS NOT PUBLISHED. Each is recall-only, bounded
+  # by the one thing that IS sourced for every BC plate: six characters.
+  # =========================================================================
+  - id: ca-bc-motorcycle
+    class: motorcycle
+    categories: [motorcycle]
+    period: { start: 1970 }
+    period_evidence: not-established
+    matching: recall-only
+    format:
+      pattern: "999LL"
+      regex: '\A[A-Z0-9](?: ?[A-Z0-9]){0,5}\z'
+      evidence: none-published
+      charset: { excluded: ["I", "O", "Q"] }
+    design:
+      background: { color: "#FFFFFF", finish: retroreflective, hex_basis: observed }
+      foreground: "#12326E"
+      mounting_note: >-
+        Reg. 3.021 permits a BC motorcycle plate to be mounted VERTICALLY on the
+        left front fork, first character at the BOTTOM. Reading order is
+        bottom-to-top in that mounting.
+    notes: >-
+      RECALL-ONLY AND HONEST ABOUT WHY. Bulletin 33 does not tabulate the
+      motorcycle pattern, and no other ICBC publication carrying it was found.
+      The regex is the six-character bound the bulletin states for EVERY BC
+      type — a genuine outer claim, not a guess — so a match here means "this
+      string has a shape British Columbia issues" and nothing more.
+      `period.start: 1970` is a floor carried only to satisfy the schema's
+      integer-year requirement and is marked `not-established`; it must not be
+      read as a claim. The 2025 recut list names sixteen types of which the
+      bulletin tabulates eight; motorcycle may be among the untabulated eight.
+    sources:
+      - "https://partners.icbc.com/assets/5GMseymkqs8E4Otb8osoGQ/bulletin-33-new-licence-plate-configurations.pdf  # the six-character bound and the I/O/Q exclusion; motorcycle NOT tabulated"
+      - "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/26_58_01  # reg. 3.021 vertical fork mounting"
+
+  - id: ca-bc-personalized
+    class: personalized
+    categories: [car, van, truck, motorcycle]
+    period: { start: 1979 }
+    period_evidence: enabling-instrument
+    matching: recall-only
+    format:
+      pattern: "LLLLLL"
+      regex: '\A[A-Z0-9](?: ?[A-Z0-9]){0,5}\z'
+      evidence: regulation-for-restrictions-only
+    design:
+      background: { color: "#FFFFFF", finish: retroreflective, hex_basis: observed }
+      foreground: "#12326E"
+    notes: >-
+      Division 34 of B.C. Reg. 26/58 is the personalised-plate regime and it was
+      ADDED BY B.C. Reg. 295/79 — every operative section of Division 34 carries
+      the enactment note "[en. B.C. Reg. 295/79, s. (c)]", which is what
+      `period.start: 1979` rests on (`enabling-instrument`: the year the
+      regime was created, not a first-issue observation). Reg. 34.04 states the
+      refusal grounds verbatim: a combination "identical to one already in use",
+      "identical to a number plate in an existing or projected series of number
+      plates to be issued", one that "could create identification problems", one
+      that "is unseemly, vulgar, indecent or may offend any person", or one that
+      "might distract the drivers of other vehicles so as to reduce the level of
+      their driving care or attention". Reg. 34.05(1) bars personalised plates
+      on farm vehicles, 'vintage'-plated antique cars, collector-plated vehicles,
+      trailers, Commercial Transport Act vehicles over 5 500 kg, and Division 24
+      vehicles other than neighbourhood zero-emission vehicles. Reg. 34.10(1)(c)
+      dates the fee regime to plates "issued on or after January 1, 1984".
+      No character-count rule is stated in the regulation; the six-character
+      bound comes from bulletin 33.
+    sources:
+      - "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/26_58_10  # Division 34 ss. 34.01-34.08, enactment note B.C. Reg. 295/79"
+      - "https://partners.icbc.com/assets/5GMseymkqs8E4Otb8osoGQ/bulletin-33-new-licence-plate-configurations.pdf  # six-character bound"
+
+  - id: ca-bc-vintage-antique
+    class: historic
+    categories: [car, van, truck]
+    period: { start: 1966 }
+    period_evidence: enabling-instrument
+    matching: recall-only
+    format:
+      pattern: "999999"
+      regex: '\A[A-Z0-9](?: ?[A-Z0-9]){0,5}\z'
+      evidence: none-published
+    design:
+      background: { color: "#FFFFFF", finish: retroreflective, hex_basis: observed }
+      foreground: "#12326E"
+    notes: >-
+      British Columbia runs TWO parallel old-vehicle regimes and they are not the
+      same thing. Division 22 (ANTIQUE MOTOR VEHICLES), enacted by B.C. Reg.
+      55/66 — hence `period.start: 1966` — defines an antique motor vehicle as
+      "a motor vehicle 30 years of age or older maintained as nearly as possible
+      with original component parts, and owned as a collector's item and operated
+      solely for use in exhibition or club activities, parades and other like
+      functions", and reg. 22.03(1)(b) directs ICBC to issue "a distinctive
+      number plate or plates". Reg. 34.05(1)(b) calls the resulting plates
+      "'vintage' number plates" in terms. Reg. 22.03(1)(a) is the unusual part:
+      the licence is "valid for as long as the vehicle is in existence and
+      continues to be operated as an antique motor vehicle" — a NON-EXPIRING
+      registration, which is why BC antique plates carry no validity marker of
+      any kind. No serial grammar is published, hence recall-only.
+    sources:
+      - "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/26_58_06  # Division 22 ss. 22.01-22.04, enactment note B.C. Reg. 55/66"
+      - "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/26_58_10  # reg. 34.05(1)(b) naming them 'vintage' plates"
+
+  - id: ca-bc-collector
+    class: historic
+    categories: [car, van, truck]
+    period: { start: 2006 }
+    period_evidence: enabling-instrument
+    matching: recall-only
+    format:
+      pattern: "LLL999"
+      regex: '\A[A-Z0-9](?: ?[A-Z0-9]){0,5}\z'
+      evidence: none-published
+    design:
+      background: { color: "#FFFFFF", finish: retroreflective, hex_basis: observed }
+      foreground: "#12326E"
+    notes: >-
+      The SECOND old-vehicle regime, and a distinct one: Division 22A (COLLECTOR
+      MOTOR VEHICLES) was enacted by B.C. Reg. 139/2006 (hence
+      `period.start: 2006`) and amended by B.C. Reg. 105/2017. Its four
+      qualifying items are a genuinely useful vehicle-catalogue hook and are
+      quoted rather than paraphrased: (1) a vehicle "at least 25 years old" and
+      "maintained or restored to a condition that conforms to the original
+      manufacturer's specifications"; (2) at least 15 years old AND "no longer
+      produced, or of limited availability", same condition test; (3) a MODIFIED
+      motor vehicle manufactured 1974 or earlier and registered in BC as a 1974
+      or earlier model whose body, chassis, power train or steering/braking has
+      been altered by a non-manufacturer; (4) a CONSTRUCTED motor vehicle
+      manufactured 1942 or earlier (or built to resemble one) and registered as
+      a 1942-or-earlier model. Reg. 22A.04(1) is the schema-stressing part: one
+      collector licence and plate "may, with the prior approval of the Insurance
+      Corporation of British Columbia, be used on ANY of the collector motor
+      vehicles in respect of which the licence was issued" — a ONE-PLATE-MANY-
+      VEHICLES binding that a vehicle-keyed consumer must not assume away.
+      Distinct from ca-bc-vintage-antique: different regime, different
+      eligibility, different enacting instrument, overlapping in time.
+    sources:
+      - "https://www.bclaws.gov.bc.ca/civix/document/id/complete/statreg/26_58_06  # Division 22A ss. 22A.01-22A.04, enactment note B.C. Reg. 139/2006"