vehicles 0.4.1 → 0.8.0

data/data/plates/ad.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,961 @@
+# plates/ad.yml — Andorra (PRD-PLATES gate L1, microstates group).
+# DRAFT for verification. All primary text fetched from the BOPA document store
+# (bopadocuments.blob.core.windows.net), 2026-08-02.
+#
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# THE INSTRUMENTS, and two corrections to the obvious assumptions
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#   * Llei 12/2021, del 13 de maig, del Codi de la circulació — BOPA núm. 62,
+#     any 2021, published 1 June 2021, in force three months after publication.
+#     THE CODE IN FORCE. It repeals the 1999 Codi expressly. Art. 108(1):
+#     "Les dimensions i les característiques de les matrícules es regulen per
+#     la via reglamentària."
+#   * Llei del Codi de la circulació, de 10-6-99 — BOPA núm. 40, any 1999,
+#     published 13 July 1999, in force fifteen days later. REPEALED. Its
+#     art. 147 is historically important because it put the PLATE CATALOGUE
+#     INSIDE THE LAW: "Aquest Codi inclou el catàleg de plaques de matrícula
+#     vigents a Andorra."
+#   * Decret 456/2022, del 9-11-2022 — BOPA núm. 135, any 2022, published
+#     15 November 2022, IN FORCE 16 NOVEMBER 2022. THE PLATE REGULATION IN
+#     FORCE, and the source of nearly every design fact below.
+#   * Decret del 23-02-2011 — BOPA núm. 14, any 2011, published 1 March 2011,
+#     in force 2 March 2011. REPEALED, but read here because its art. 3.2 is
+#     the origin of the current numbering sentence.
+#   * Llei 24/2014, del 30 d'octubre, de plaques de matrícula personalitzada —
+#     BOPA núm. 67, any 2014, published 25 November 2014.
+#
+# TWO PREMISES THAT TURN OUT TO BE WRONG, both worth stating because both are
+# the natural assumption: the 1999 Codi is NOT the code in force (Llei 12/2021
+# replaced it), and the 2011 Reglament is NOT the regulation in force
+# (Decret 456/2022 replaced it, via Decret 265/2021).
+#
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# THE CENTRAL FINDING: THE 2011 INSTRUMENT DID NOT CREATE THE 2011 FORMAT
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# This is the sharpest instrument-date trap in the whole microstates group,
+# because here the instrument's date and the reported series start AGREE — and
+# citing the instrument would still be wrong.
+#
+# The numbering rule, art. 3.2 of the 2011 Decret and re-enacted verbatim as
+# art. 6.2 of Decret 456/2022:
+#   "A les plaques de matrícula s'inscriu un grup de 5 caràcters que va des del
+#    00000 fins al 99999. A continuació, la primera xifra se substitueix per una
+#    lletra de la A a la Z, i es manté el caràcter numèric dels 4 darrers
+#    caràcters (A0000-Z9999), sense utilitzar les lletres de l'alfabet que puguin
+#    crear confusió, combinant dues lletres i tres números (AA000-ZZ999), i així
+#    successivament."
+#
+# Read what that sentence actually does. It describes ONE CONTINUOUS SCHEME in
+# three stages — five digits, then a letter plus four digits, then two letters
+# plus three digits, "i així successivament" (and so on) — and the trigger for
+# advancing is EXHAUSTION, not a date. The instrument does not INTRODUCE the
+# lettered form; it restates a scheme that already ran. So:
+#
+#   * THE PRE-2011 FORMAT IS NOW ESTABLISHED FROM PRIMARY TEXT: five numeric
+#     digits, 00000 to 99999. That closes the gap every secondary account
+#     leaves open — none of them states the old grammar.
+#   * NO INSTRUMENT ANYWHERE DATES THE FIRST A0000 PLATE. The 2011 Decret's own
+#     innovations, per its exposició de motius, were the reduced plate, plastic
+#     and rubber enduro/trial plates, images on the retroreflective ground, and
+#     adding the "AND" distinguishing mark — NOT the lettered serial.
+#   * Consequently `ad-standard-letter` is dated `agency-stated-date` from the
+#     Automòbil Club d'Andorra's page, NOT `instrument-in-force` from the
+#     Decret. Citing the Decret for that date would be precisely the Spanish
+#     error, and it would be very easy to commit because the years coincide.
+#
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# THE CO-PRINCIPALITY'S PUBLICATION FORMULA, since the brief asked
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Laws are approved by the Consell General at Casa de la Vall and then
+# sanctioned and promulgated JOINTLY BY BOTH CO-PRINCES before BOPA
+# publication. Llei 12/2021 closes: "Nosaltres els coprínceps la sancionem i
+# promulguem i n'ordenem la publicació en el Butlletí Oficial del Principat
+# d'Andorra. / Emmanuel Macron, President de la República Francesa, Copríncep
+# d'Andorra / Joan Enric Vives Sicília, Bisbe d'Urgell, Copríncep d'Andorra."
+# REGLAMENTS carry no co-princely sanction — they are Govern decrees signed by
+# the Cap de Govern. That matters for citation: the plate rules live in decrees,
+# so no plate specification in this file bears a co-princely signature.
+#
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# SOURCING NOTE — how these URLs were obtained, and their limits
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# www.bopa.ad is a JavaScript application and EVERY legacy www.bopa.ad/bopa/...
+# deep link is dead, returning the app shell rather than the document. The
+# citations below therefore point at BOPA's own document store, which serves
+# the AS-PUBLISHED text. portaljuridicandorra.ad carries consolidated versions
+# but marks them "Text refós sense caràcter oficial" — an UNOFFICIAL
+# consolidation — so it is cited only for navigation, never for wording.
+# Folder numbering on the blob store is `any = year - 1988`.
+#
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# period_evidence VOCABULARY used in this file:
+#   instrument-in-force              the instrument's own commencement date
+#   instrument-in-force-upper-bound  earliest instrument READ carrying it; the
+#                                    true start is earlier and unreached
+#   agency-stated-date               an official agency page states the date
+#                                    and no instrument does
+#   secondary-wikipedia              WIKIPEDIA-DERIVED (mandatory tag)
+# All except `secondary-wikipedia` are values already in use across plates/*.yml.
+#
+# format_evidence VOCABULARY: statutory | agency-stated | secondary-wikipedia
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+jurisdiction: ad
+authority:
+  name: Govern d'Andorra, Registre de Vehicles — Decret 456/2022, del 9-11-2022, Reglament de la fabricació i la instal·lació de les plaques de matrícula
+  url: "https://bopadocuments.blob.core.windows.net/bopa-documents/034135/html/GR20221110_09_12_43.html"
+binding: vehicle
+binding_note: >-
+  Llei 12/2021 art. 96(1): "Per posar en circulació els vehicles de motor, els
+  ciclomotors, els remolcs i els semiremolcs, cal haver-los matriculat i que
+  portin les plaques de matrícula amb els caràcters que els assigni el Registre
+  de Vehicles" — the characters are assigned to the VEHICLE by the Registre de
+  Vehicles. No provision reserves a number to a person across vehicles.
+instrument:
+  code:
+    citation: "Llei 12/2021, del 13 de maig, del Codi de la circulació"
+    gazette: "BOPA núm. 62, any 2021"
+    published: "2021-06-01"
+    entry_in_force: "three months after publication (disposició final novena)"
+    url: "https://bopadocuments.blob.core.windows.net/bopa-documents/033062/html/CGL20210528_13_01_20.html"
+    delegation: "art. 108(1): dimensions and characteristics are regulated by reglament; art. 96(1): the Registre de Vehicles assigns the characters"
+    repeals: "the Llei del Codi de la circulació of 10 June 1999 and its successive modifications, expressly"
+    recorded_discrepancy: >-
+      BOPA's index metadata gives publication as 1 June 2021, while the preamble
+      of Decret 456/2022 refers to the law as "publicada al Butlletí Oficial del
+      Principat d'Andorra del 2 de juny del 2021". A one-day disagreement
+      between two official sources, recorded rather than resolved; `published`
+      carries BOPA's own date.
+  plate_reglament:
+    citation: "Decret 456/2022, del 9-11-2022, d'aprovació del Reglament de la fabricació i la instal·lació de les plaques de matrícula en vehicles i ginys mecànics no aptes per a la via pública"
+    gazette: "BOPA núm. 135, any 2022"
+    published: "2022-11-15"
+    entry_in_force: "2022-11-16"
+    in_force_clause: "article únic: '…que entrarà en vigor l'endemà de ser publicat al Butlletí Oficial del Principat d'Andorra'"
+    url: "https://bopadocuments.blob.core.windows.net/bopa-documents/034135/html/GR20221110_09_12_43.html"
+    recorded_typo: >-
+      BOPA's own sumari mistypes this decree as "Decret 456/2011, del 9-11-2022".
+      The document header reads 456/2022 and that is the correct citation.
+      Recorded because the erroneous form is in an official index and a verifier
+      will meet it.
+  chain:
+    - "Decret del 23-02-2011 (base) — BOPA núm. 14/2011, published 1 March 2011, in force 2 March 2011"
+    - "Correcció d'errata del 9-03-2011 — BOPA núm. 16/2011, 15 March 2011"
+    - "Decret del 27-07-2011 (modifies arts. 12 and 17, adds art. 19) — BOPA núm. 49/2011, 2 August 2011"
+    - "Decret del 10-12-2014 — BOPA núm. 70/2014, 16 December 2014"
+    - "Decret 265/2021, del 18-8-2021 — BOPA núm. 93/2021, 31 August 2021; replaced the 2011 Reglament, itself now repealed"
+    - "Decret 456/2022, del 9-11-2022 — BOPA núm. 135/2022, 15 November 2022; IN FORCE"
+    - "Correcció d'errata del 30-11-2022 — BOPA núm. 142/2022, 6 December 2022"
+    - "Correcció d'errata de l'1-3-2023 — BOPA núm. 33/2023, 7 March 2023"
+  related:
+    - "Decret 534/2022, del 14-12-2022, Reglament relatiu a la matriculació i al Registre de Vehicles — BOPA núm. 148/2022, 21 December 2022"
+    - "Decret 11/2024, del 10-1-2024, Reglament de vehicles històrics — BOPA núm. 7/2024, 16 January 2024"
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Jurisdiction-wide facts.
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+common:
+  numbering:
+    rule: >-
+      Decret 456/2022 art. 6.2, re-enacting art. 3.2 of the 2011 Decret verbatim:
+      "A les plaques de matrícula s'inscriu un grup de 5 caràcters que va des del
+      00000 fins al 99999. A continuació, la primera xifra se substitueix per una
+      lletra de la A a la Z, i es manté el caràcter numèric dels 4 darrers
+      caràcters (A0000-Z9999), sense utilitzar les lletres de l'alfabet que puguin
+      crear confusió, combinant dues lletres i tres números (AA000-ZZ999), i així
+      successivament."
+    three_stages:
+      - { stage: 1, grammar: "00000-99999", modelled_as: ad-standard-numeric }
+      - { stage: 2, grammar: "A0000-Z9999", modelled_as: ad-standard-letter }
+      - { stage: 3, grammar: "AA000-ZZ999", modelled_as: "NOT MODELLED — see below" }
+    stage_three_not_modelled: >-
+      The two-letter stage is PROVIDED FOR but no evidence was found that it has
+      been reached, and no instrument or agency page dates it. A series with no
+      start and no evidence of issuance would be a guess, so it is recorded here
+      and not created. A verifier who finds a two-letter Andorran plate in
+      circulation should open `ad-standard-twoletter` against this note: the
+      grammar is already sourced from art. 6.2 and only the start needs
+      establishing.
+    rollover_is_by_exhaustion: >-
+      THE CRITICAL STRUCTURAL FACT. Stages advance on EXHAUSTION, not on a date.
+      The instrument writes all three stages in one sentence, in the future
+      tense of an automatic process, so NO stage boundary is a legal event with
+      a date attached. This is why the 2011 Decret must not be cited as the
+      start of the lettered series — see the header.
+    source: "https://bopadocuments.blob.core.windows.net/bopa-documents/034135/html/GR20221110_09_12_43.html  # Decret 456/2022 art. 6.2"
+  alphabet:
+    excluded: [I, O, Q]
+    rule: >-
+      Decret 456/2022 art. 6.3 makes explicit what the 2011 text left as
+      "lletres de l'alfabet que puguin crear confusió": "Se suprimeixen les
+      lletres I, O i Q del sistema de numeració… a fi d'evitar tota confusió amb
+      els números 1 i 0, respectivament." Three letters, and the reason is given
+      — I and Q for 1, O for 0. NOTE the 2011 instrument stated the PRINCIPLE
+      without naming the letters, so a pre-2022 exclusion list is not sourced.
+    letters: [A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, J, K, L, M, N, P, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z]
+    count: 23
+    source: "https://bopadocuments.blob.core.windows.net/bopa-documents/034135/html/GR20221110_09_12_43.html  # Decret 456/2022 art. 6.3"
+  plate_layout:
+    rule: >-
+      Decret 456/2022 art. 6.1: "Al costat esquerre superior de la matrícula hi
+      figura l'escut nacional del Principat d'Andorra. Al costat esquerre
+      inferior, a sota de l'escut, hi ha el distintiu nacional 'AND' amb lletres
+      de color blau. A la part inferior, sota els caràcters estampats en relleu
+      de color negre mat, s'hi troba la llegenda 'PRINCIPAT D'ANDORRA' amb
+      lletres de color blau."
+    base: "art. 4.1: 'la base de les plaques de matrícula és d'alumini, d'un gruix d'1,35 mm'"
+    tolerance: "art. 6.4: ± 0,5 mm on the plate dimensions"
+    source: "https://bopadocuments.blob.core.windows.net/bopa-documents/034135/html/GR20221110_09_12_43.html  # Decret 456/2022 arts. 4.1, 6.1, 6.4"
+  country_sign:
+    letters: "AND"
+    on_plate: true
+    rule: >-
+      UNUSUAL AND WORTH NOTING: Andorra puts its distinguishing mark ON the
+      plate, in the band below the arms, rather than relying on a separate
+      oval. The 2011 Decret's exposició de motius says why, and cites the treaty:
+      "s'ha incorporat l'indicatiu AND, en la forma que preveu el punt 3 de
+      l'annex 3 de la Convenció sobre la circulació vial… feta l'any 1968 a
+      Viena, en la versió consolidada de l'any 2006."
+    legacy_rule: >-
+      Decret 456/2022 art. 20.3: plates of a model earlier than the current one,
+      which do not carry the inscribed AND, must display the separate oval AND
+      sticker. So both arrangements are lawfully on the road simultaneously.
+    treaty_note: >-
+      The 2006 CONSOLIDATED version of Vienna Annex 3 is what permits the sign
+      to be incorporated into the plate. PRD-PLATES §4 records that the 1968
+      Convention AS ADOPTED forbade exactly that (Annex 3 §3) and flags the
+      amendment as UNVERIFIED because UNECE was unreachable. This Andorran
+      instrument is INDIRECT CORROBORATION that the amendment exists and is in
+      force — a national instrument relying on it by name and article — but it
+      is not the amendment itself, and it does not discharge the §4 caution.
+      Recorded as a lead for whoever pins the UNECE text.
+    source: "https://bopadocuments.blob.core.windows.net/bopa-documents/023014/html/6BEF6.html  # Decret del 23-02-2011, exposició de motius"
+  euro_band:
+    present: false
+    note: "Andorra is not in the EU. No instrument read provides for a band, and the AND mark occupies the left-hand position a Euro band would take."
+  colour_spec:
+    basis: pantone
+    rule: >-
+      ANDORRA IS THE ONLY JURISDICTION IN THIS MICROSTATES GROUP THAT SPECIFIES
+      ITS COLOURS BY A NAMED COLOUR SYSTEM ACROSS THE WHOLE CATALOGUE. Decret
+      456/2022 names Pantone references per series: 2945 (dark blue, diplomatic
+      and consular), 299 (lighter blue, embassy administrative staff), 485 (red,
+      temporary, historic, dealer, special and machinery), 342 (green, dealer
+      ground), 300 (blue, special-vehicle legends). Contrast Liechtenstein and
+      Monaco, whose instruments name colours only in words.
+    hex_basis_note: >-
+      Every hex below is `hex_basis: pantone-converted`. Pantone references are
+      physical standards with no authoritative sRGB value, so the hex is a
+      conventional conversion and THE PANTONE REFERENCE IS THE CITABLE FACT. A
+      spec constraining a colour system is not a hex claim — the same discipline
+      es.yml applies to the CIE chromaticity boxes of Anexo XVIII.
+    arms_note: >-
+      The arms' own proportions and Pantones are referenced but NOT reproduced
+      in the plate decree, and the referenced graphic annex was not extractable.
+      Recorded gap.
+  annex_gap:
+    status: RECORDED GAP
+    detail: >-
+      Decret 456/2022 refers to an annex, "Catàleg oficial de plaques de matrícula
+      i distintius del Principat d'Andorra", as figures 1-18. IT IS A GRAPHICS
+      ANNEX and carries no machine-readable text; it could not be extracted. The
+      1999 Codi's equivalent catalogue is in the same position — only three of
+      its graphic pages are digitised on BOPA, and all three were rendered and
+      are something else entirely (a stopping-distance diagram, a driving-test
+      circuit and hazmat placards). SO NO PLATE ARTWORK OR GLYPH SPECIFICATION
+      FROM EITHER CATALOGUE IS AVAILABLE, and every layout fact in this file
+      comes from the articles' prose rather than from the figures.
+  font:
+    name: null
+    note: "No typeface is named in any Andorran instrument read, and the graphic annex that might carry a Schriftmuster is unextractable (see annex_gap). Per PRD-PLATES §6 the render layer uses the schematic fallback."
+  emblem:
+    present: true
+    rendered: placeholder
+    note: "l'escut nacional del Principat d'Andorra, upper left (art. 6.1). PRD-PLATES §3 placeholder rule. LICENCE ROUTE LOCATED 2026-08-03 (render-program hunt): Commons Coat of arms of Andorra.svg is PUBLIC DOMAIN, extmetadata-verified — asset + ledger row at plates/_art/ad/. Depiction consumers may render the real arms."
+  origin:
+    instrument_named: "Ordinació del Consell General del 13 de maig de 1929"
+    rule: >-
+      A DATED ORIGIN, from a primary instrument — but at one remove. The
+      exposició de motius of Llei 24/2014 states: "L'Ordinació del Consell
+      General del 13 de maig de 1929 obligava a declarar tots els vehicles
+      matriculats i per matricular. Al llarg d'aquests 85 anys, les plaques de
+      matrícula han evolucionat en la forma i en el fons." So 13 May 1929 is
+      named in a law in force, which is much better than the "around 1930"
+      of the secondary accounts.
+    limit: >-
+      THE 1929 ORDINACIÓ ITSELF IS NOT REACHABLE. BOPA's archive begins in 1989
+      (any 1 = 1989) and no pre-1989 Andorran instrument was found digitised
+      anywhere. The Ordinació's TEXT — and therefore the plate format it
+      established — is unknown. No series is created for it: see
+      not_modelled.
+    source: "https://bopadocuments.blob.core.windows.net/bopa-documents/026067/html/lo26067002.html  # Llei 24/2014, exposició de motius"
+  not_modelled:
+    - "THE ORIGINAL 'AND + FOUR DIGITS' SERIES IS NOT MODELLED, and that is a deliberate refusal. The layout is described only by secondary sources, one of which sources it to a collectables auction listing. No instrument describing it was found; the 1929 Ordinació that would carry it is not digitised and BOPA's archive starts in 1989. Creating a series would mean inventing a period and a grammar for a plate this pass could not see. The 1929 DATE is recorded in common.origin because a law in force states it; the FORMAT is not."
+    - "NO OFFICIAL / GOVERNMENT SERIES EXISTS IN THE REGLAMENT. Decret 456/2022's article list (arts. 6-19, plus the distintius, the personalised series and art. 27 event plates) is exhaustive and contains no government fleet series. The flag-coloured government plate described by secondary sources has NO primary basis located. Not modelled — a searched-for negative."
+    - "NO DISTINCT ELECTRIC PLATE EXISTS, and the reason is sourced: Llei 12/2021, disposició final setena, puts the environmental classification on a WINDSCREEN STICKER instead — 'El corresponent distintiu adhesiu es col·loca al marge inferior dret del parabrises del vehicle. L'Automòbil Club d'Andorra serà l'encarregat de subministrar les etiquetes' (the ZERO / ECO labels). A sourced negative, not an omission."
+    - "NO DISTINCT TRAILER SERIES EXISTS. Decret 456/2022 art. 6 covers 'vehicles automòbils, remolcs i semiremolcs' under the ordinary plate, so an Andorran trailer registration is indistinguishable from a car registration."
+    - "EVENT PLATES (art. 27) let the Govern create bespoke plates for summits, state visits and the Games of the Small States. No standing grammar exists, so nothing is modelled."
+    - "THE TWO-LETTER STAGE (AA000-ZZ999) is provided for by art. 6.2 but undated and unevidenced — see common.numbering.stage_three_not_modelled."
+
+region_encoding: none
+region_encoding_note: >-
+  Andorra encodes no geography. Its seven parròquies do not appear in a
+  registration.
+
+series:
+
+  # =========================================================================
+  # THE ORDINARY SERIES — two stages of one continuous scheme, split because
+  # the FORMAT differs, dated by two different kinds of evidence.
+  # =========================================================================
+  - id: ad-standard-letter
+    class: standard
+    categories: [car, van, truck, bus, trailer, semitrailer]
+    period: { start: 2011 }
+    period_evidence: agency-stated-date
+    period_note: >-
+      READ THIS — IT IS THE MOST IMPORTANT NOTE IN THE FILE. 2011 rests on the
+      Automòbil Club d'Andorra's page, which is the ONLY source at any tier
+      tying a year to the lettered form: "Des de l'any 2011, les plaques de
+      matrícula dels vehicles d'Andorra estan formades per quatre xifres de
+      color negre precedides per una lletra sobre fons de color blanc." The ACA
+      manufactures Andorran plates under Govern concession (Reglament art. 3.1),
+      so it is an authoritative agency — but it is NOT an instrument, and it
+      does not give a first-issue date.
+      WHY NO INSTRUMENT IS CITED HERE, THOUGH ONE IS DATED 2011: the Decret of
+      23 February 2011 does not introduce this format. Its art. 3.2 describes
+      the five-digit stage and the lettered stage in ONE SENTENCE as a
+      continuous scheme advancing on exhaustion, and its stated innovations were
+      the reduced plate, enduro/trial plates, ground images and the AND mark.
+      Citing that Decret for this date would attach an instrument's window to a
+      series it did not create — the exact defect PRD-PLATES §9 and the Spanish
+      es-provincial case exist to prevent. The coincidence of years makes it a
+      more dangerous trap than usual, not a safer one.
+    matching: strict
+    format:
+      pattern: "L9999"
+      regex: '\A[A-Z]\d{4}\z'
+      regex_strict: '\A[ABCDEFGHJKLMNPRSTUVWXYZ]\d{4}\z'
+      format_evidence: statutory
+      charset:
+        excluded: [I, O, Q]
+        notes: >-
+          `regex_strict` carries the 23-letter alphabet of Decret 456/2022
+          art. 6.3. The exclusion list is sourced only from 2022 onward — the
+          2011 text stated the principle ("lletres… que puguin crear confusió")
+          without naming the letters, so a plate issued between the start of the
+          lettered stage and 2022 might in principle carry I, O or Q. `regex`
+          keeps [A-Z] for that reason as well as for the round-trip.
+      progression: >-
+        The letter advances only when the four digits exhaust, per art. 6.2's
+        continuous-scheme sentence. There is NO date encoded and no geography.
+      separator: none
+      separator_note: "art. 6.2 describes 'un grup de 5 caràcters' with no separator glyph; the pattern spells the serial unbroken."
+    design:
+      plate: { w: 340, h: 120, unit: mm, tolerance_mm: 0.5, note: "art. 6.4" }
+      background: { color: "#FFFFFF", finish: retroreflective, hex_basis: observed }
+      foreground: "#000000"
+      foreground_note: "'caràcters estampats en relleu de color negre mat' — embossed MATT black (art. 6.1)"
+      band: { side: none }
+      emblem: { present: true, rendered: placeholder, position: upper-left }
+      national_mark: { text: "AND", color: "#003399", position: "lower left, beneath the arms", hex_basis: observed }
+      legend: { text: "PRINCIPAT D'ANDORRA", color: "#003399", position: "bottom, beneath the serial", hex_basis: observed }
+      base: { material: aluminium, thickness_mm: 1.35 }
+      rear_differs: false
+      variants:
+        - name: "reduced (M1)"
+          format: { pattern: "L9999" }
+          plate: { w: 275, h: 90, unit: mm }
+          note: "a smaller plate for M1 vehicles, same grammar and same furniture — a size option rather than a distinct series, so a variant per PRD-PLATES §2.3"
+    region_encoding: none
+    notes: >-
+      THE CURRENT ORDINARY SERIES — one letter and four digits, black on white,
+      arms upper left, AND beneath them, PRINCIPAT D'ANDORRA along the bottom.
+      Trailers and semi-trailers share this series, so an Andorran trailer plate
+      is textually indistinguishable from a car plate. Its period rests on an
+      agency page rather than an instrument, uniquely in this file, and the
+      reason is set out at length in period_note.
+    sources:
+      - "https://bopadocuments.blob.core.windows.net/bopa-documents/034135/html/GR20221110_09_12_43.html  # Decret 456/2022 arts. 4.1, 6.1-6.4 — the grammar, the I/O/Q exclusions, 340x120 mm, the layout and the aluminium base"
+      - "https://aca.ad/serveis/plaques-de-matricula  # OFFICIAL AGENCY PAGE (Automòbil Club d'Andorra, concessionaire under art. 3.1): 'Des de l'any 2011…' — the sole source for the year"
+
+  - id: ad-standard-numeric
+    class: standard
+    categories: [car, van, truck, bus, trailer, semitrailer]
+    period: { start: 1999, ended: true }
+    year_end_min: 2011
+    period_evidence: instrument-in-force-upper-bound
+    period_note: >-
+      BOTH ENDS ARE HONEST APPROXIMATIONS AND THE FILE SAYS SO.
+      START: 1999 is an UPPER BOUND, not an origin. The Llei del Codi de la
+      circulació of 10 June 1999 is the earliest instrument reached that carries
+      a plate catalogue at all (art. 147: "Aquest Codi inclou el catàleg de
+      plaques de matrícula vigents a Andorra"), and the five-digit grammar is
+      confirmed from the 2011 Decret describing it as the base stage. The format
+      certainly predates 1999 — BOPA's archive begins in 1989 and pre-1989
+      Andorran law is not digitised, so how far back it runs is unknowable from
+      here.
+      END: `ended: true` with `year_end_min: 2011` rather than a claimed end
+      year. The five-digit stage closed when 99999 exhausted, which is an event,
+      not a legal act, and no source dates it. 2011 is the earliest year the
+      lettered stage is reported to have been running.
+    matching: strict
+    format:
+      pattern: "99999"
+      regex: '\A\d{5}\z'
+      format_evidence: statutory
+      format_note: >-
+        FIVE NUMERIC DIGITS, 00000 to 99999 — established from primary text, and
+        this is the gap-closing fact of the Andorran dossier. Every secondary
+        account describes the pre-2011 plates as "black on white" without ever
+        stating the grammar; art. 6.2 of Decret 456/2022 (and art. 3.2 of the
+        2011 Decret before it) states it exactly, in the course of describing
+        the scheme's first stage.
+      progression: "sequential from 00000; leading zeros are part of the form, since the range is written as beginning 00000"
+    design:
+      plate: { w: 340, h: 120, unit: mm, note: "assumed continuous with the current plate; the 2011 Decret introduced the REDUCED size, implying the 340x120 size predates it" }
+      background: { color: "#FFFFFF", finish: retroreflective, hex_basis: observed }
+      foreground: "#000000"
+      band: { side: none }
+      emblem: { present: true, rendered: placeholder }
+      national_mark:
+        text: "AND"
+        present: false
+        note: >-
+          THE AND MARK WAS NOT ON THIS PLATE. It was added by the 2011 Decret —
+          its exposició de motius lists "s'ha incorporat l'indicatiu AND" among
+          that instrument's innovations — which is why art. 20.3 of the current
+          Reglament requires older plates to carry the separate oval sticker
+          instead. This is the one design fact that genuinely distinguishes the
+          pre-2011 plate, and unlike the serial change it IS dated by an
+          instrument.
+      rear_differs: false
+    region_encoding: none
+    notes: >-
+      THE FIVE-DIGIT SERIES — Andorra's ordinary plate before the lettered
+      stage. Modelled separately from ad-standard-letter because the format
+      differs, even though the two are stages of one scheme in the instrument's
+      own words. Note the asymmetry in the evidence: the SERIAL change between
+      the two series is undated, while the AND MARK change that accompanied it
+      is dated by the 2011 Decret. Overlaps ad-standard-letter, which is
+      genuine — plates already issued stayed valid.
+    sources:
+      - "https://bopadocuments.blob.core.windows.net/bopa-documents/034135/html/GR20221110_09_12_43.html  # Decret 456/2022 art. 6.2 — the 00000-99999 base stage"
+      - "https://bopadocuments.blob.core.windows.net/bopa-documents/023014/html/6BEF6.html  # Decret del 23-02-2011 art. 3.2 and exposició de motius — the same grammar, and the AND mark as a 2011 innovation"
+      - "https://bopadocuments.blob.core.windows.net/bopa-documents/011040/html/199A6.html  # Llei del Codi de la circulació de 10-6-99 art. 147 — the plate catalogue sat inside the Code"
+
+  - id: ad-motorcycle
+    class: motorcycle
+    categories: [motorcycle]
+    period: { start: 2011 }
+    period_evidence: agency-stated-date
+    matching: strict
+    format:
+      pattern: "L9999"
+      regex: '\A[A-Z]\d{4}\z'
+      regex_strict: '\A[ABCDEFGHJKLMNPRSTUVWXYZ]\d{4}\z'
+      format_evidence: statutory
+      format_note: >-
+        THE SAME SERIAL GRAMMAR AS CARS — art. 7 gives motorcycles their own
+        SIZES but not their own numbering. There is no dedicated motorcycle
+        letter block, contrary to some secondary accounts.
+    design:
+      plate: { w: 225, h: 115, unit: mm, note: "horizontal motorcycle plate (art. 7)" }
+      background: { color: "#FFFFFF", finish: retroreflective, hex_basis: observed }
+      foreground: "#000000"
+      band: { side: none }
+      emblem: { present: true, rendered: placeholder }
+      national_mark: { text: "AND", color: "#003399" }
+      legend: { text: "PRINCIPAT D'ANDORRA", color: "#003399" }
+      rear_differs: false
+      variants:
+        - name: "vertical (enduro / trial)"
+          format: { pattern: "L9999" }
+          plate: { w: 100, h: 168, unit: mm }
+          note: >-
+            art. 7.4 — a PORTRAIT plate in two zones split by a blue band, the
+            letter or letters above and the four digits below. The 2011 Decret
+            introduced plastic and rubber enduro/trial plates specifically, per
+            its exposició de motius, which is a genuinely unusual material
+            provision.
+    region_encoding: none
+    notes: >-
+      MOTORCYCLES. Two shapes — a 225x115 mm horizontal plate and a 100x168 mm
+      portrait plate for enduro and trial machines, the latter permitted in
+      plastic or rubber. Same serial grammar as the car series, so the plate's
+      SIZE and not its string is what identifies it.
+    sources:
+      - "https://bopadocuments.blob.core.windows.net/bopa-documents/034135/html/GR20221110_09_12_43.html  # Decret 456/2022 art. 7 and art. 7.4"
+
+  - id: ad-moped
+    class: moped
+    categories: [moped]
+    period: { start: 2011 }
+    period_evidence: instrument-in-force-upper-bound
+    matching: strict
+    format:
+      pattern: "99999"
+      regex: '\A\d{5}\z'
+      format_evidence: statutory
+      format_note: >-
+        FIVE DIGITS — mopeds kept the numeric grammar the car series left
+        behind, and run their own independent number space from 00000 to 99999.
+        So a five-digit Andorran plate today is a moped, while a five-digit
+        plate from before the lettered stage was a car. The same string, two
+        meanings, separated only by the plate it is printed on and by era.
+    design:
+      plate: { w: 106, h: 66, unit: mm, note: "art. 8 — the smallest Andorran plate" }
+      background: { color: "#FFFFFF", finish: retroreflective, hex_basis: observed }
+      foreground: "#000000"
+      border: { color: "#003399", hex_basis: observed }
+      legend: { text: "ANDORRA", color: "#003399", panel_color: "#FFD700", note: "blue lettering on a YELLOW panel — the only yellow element in the Andorran catalogue" }
+      emblem: { present: true, rendered: placeholder, position: "bottom left, the flag shield" }
+      band: { side: none }
+      rear_differs: false
+    region_encoding: none
+    notes: >-
+      CICLOMOTORS (mopeds). A distinctive little plate — blue border, the legend
+      ANDORRA in blue on a yellow panel, and the flag shield at the bottom left
+      rather than the national arms at the top left. It is the one Andorran
+      series that does not follow the common layout.
+    sources:
+      - "https://bopadocuments.blob.core.windows.net/bopa-documents/034135/html/GR20221110_09_12_43.html  # Decret 456/2022 art. 8"
+
+  # =========================================================================
+  # THE DIPLOMATIC FAMILY — four series, three ranks, two Pantones.
+  # =========================================================================
+  - id: ad-diplomatic-cmd
+    class: diplomatic
+    categories: [car, van]
+    period: { start: 2011 }
+    period_evidence: instrument-in-force-upper-bound
+    matching: strict
+    format:
+      pattern: "CMD9L"
+      regex: '\ACMD[- ]?\d[- ]?[A-Z]\z'
+      format_evidence: statutory
+      format_note: >-
+        art. 9: CMD, then ONE digit, then a letter identifying the STATE. Heads
+        of diplomatic mission only, which is why a single digit suffices.
+    design:
+      plate: { w: 340, h: 120, unit: mm }
+      background: { color: "#1F3A93", finish: retroreflective, hex_basis: pantone-converted, spec_note: "Pantone 2945 — dark blue, named in the instrument" }
+      foreground: "#FFFFFF"
+      band: { side: none }
+      emblem: { present: true, rendered: placeholder }
+      rear_differs: false
+    region_encoding: none
+    notes: >-
+      CAPS DE MISSIÓ DIPLOMÀTICA — heads of diplomatic mission. White on Pantone
+      2945 dark blue. The trailing letter is a STATE code, which makes this the
+      only genuine decode field in the Andorran system; the code table itself
+      was NOT located and is a recorded gap.
+    sources:
+      - "https://bopadocuments.blob.core.windows.net/bopa-documents/034135/html/GR20221110_09_12_43.html  # Decret 456/2022 art. 9"
+
+  - id: ad-diplomatic-cd
+    class: diplomatic
+    categories: [car, van]
+    period: { start: 2011 }
+    period_evidence: instrument-in-force-upper-bound
+    matching: strict
+    format:
+      pattern: "CD99L"
+      regex: '\ACD[- ]?\d{2}[- ]?[A-Z]\z'
+      format_evidence: statutory
+      format_note: "art. 10: CD, two digits (00-99), then the State letter"
+    design:
+      plate: { w: 340, h: 120, unit: mm }
+      background: { color: "#1F3A93", finish: retroreflective, hex_basis: pantone-converted, spec_note: "Pantone 2945" }
+      foreground: "#FFFFFF"
+      band: { side: none }
+      emblem: { present: true, rendered: placeholder }
+      rear_differs: false
+    region_encoding: none
+    notes: >-
+      COS DIPLOMÀTIC — the diplomatic corps proper, below head-of-mission rank.
+      Two digits rather than the CMD series' one, on the same Pantone 2945
+      ground. The three-way split CMD / CD / A by rank, each with its own digit
+      count, is unusually granular for a microstate.
+    sources:
+      - "https://bopadocuments.blob.core.windows.net/bopa-documents/034135/html/GR20221110_09_12_43.html  # Decret 456/2022 art. 10"
+
+  - id: ad-consular-cc
+    class: consular
+    categories: [car, van]
+    period: { start: 2011 }
+    period_evidence: instrument-in-force-upper-bound
+    matching: strict
+    format:
+      pattern: "CC999L"
+      regex: '\ACC[- ]?\d{3}[- ]?[A-Z]\z'
+      format_evidence: statutory
+      format_note: "art. 11: CC, THREE digits (000-999), then the State letter — the widest block in the diplomatic family"
+    design:
+      plate: { w: 340, h: 120, unit: mm }
+      background: { color: "#1F3A93", finish: retroreflective, hex_basis: pantone-converted, spec_note: "Pantone 2945" }
+      foreground: "#FFFFFF"
+      band: { side: none }
+      emblem: { present: true, rendered: placeholder }
+      rear_differs: false
+    region_encoding: none
+    notes: >-
+      COS CONSULAR. Shares the Pantone 2945 ground with the diplomatic series
+      and is distinguished only by the CC prefix and by having three digits.
+    sources:
+      - "https://bopadocuments.blob.core.windows.net/bopa-documents/034135/html/GR20221110_09_12_43.html  # Decret 456/2022 art. 11"
+
+  - id: ad-diplomatic-staff-a
+    class: diplomatic
+    categories: [car, van]
+    period: { start: 2011 }
+    period_evidence: instrument-in-force-upper-bound
+    matching: strict
+    format:
+      pattern: "A99L"
+      regex: '\AA[- ]?\d{2}[- ]?[A-Z]\z'
+      format_evidence: statutory
+      format_note: >-
+        art. 12: the letter A, two digits, then the State letter. This is why A
+        appears in Llei 24/2014's list of prefixes a personalised plate may not
+        imitate, alongside MT, CD, CMD and CC.
+    design:
+      plate: { w: 340, h: 120, unit: mm }
+      background: { color: "#3E6DB5", finish: retroreflective, hex_basis: pantone-converted, spec_note: "Pantone 299 — a LIGHTER blue than the 2945 of the CMD/CD/CC series, and the distinction is deliberate and statutory" }
+      foreground: "#FFFFFF"
+      band: { side: none }
+      emblem: { present: true, rendered: placeholder }
+      rear_differs: false
+    region_encoding: none
+    notes: >-
+      ADMINISTRATIVE AND TECHNICAL STAFF of embassies. Kept separate from
+      ad-diplomatic-cd because the instrument gives it a DIFFERENT PANTONE —
+      299 against 2945 — so rank is encoded in the shade of blue as well as in
+      the prefix. That is a real design fact and would be lost by folding this
+      into the CD series.
+    sources:
+      - "https://bopadocuments.blob.core.windows.net/bopa-documents/034135/html/GR20221110_09_12_43.html  # Decret 456/2022 art. 12"
+
+  # =========================================================================
+  # TEMPORARY, TRADE, HISTORIC AND MACHINERY.
+  # =========================================================================
+  - id: ad-temporary-mt
+    class: temporary
+    categories: [car, van, motorcycle]
+    period: { start: 1999 }
+    period_evidence: instrument-in-force-upper-bound
+    period_note: >-
+      The MT series is older than the current Reglament: the 1999 Codi already
+      carried it at art. 156 — "En les plaques de matriculació temporal, hi han
+      de constar les lletres MT, seguides del número d'ordre, del mes i de l'any
+      en curs" — so 1999 is an upper bound resting on a repealed but read
+      instrument, and the current spec is art. 13 of Decret 456/2022.
+    matching: strict
+    format:
+      pattern: "MT 9999"
+      regex: '\AMT[- ]?\d{4}\z'
+      format_evidence: statutory
+      format_note: >-
+        MT IS TREATED AS PART OF THE SERIAL, and that is sourced rather than
+        assumed: Llei 24/2014 art. 7.1(i) forbids a personalised plate from
+        consisting of "les lletres 'MT', 'CD', 'CMD', 'A', 'CC', seguides de
+        xifres" — grouping MT with the unambiguous diplomatic serial prefixes.
+        Contrast "la paraula PROVA" in the same provision, which the statute
+        treats as a WORD and which this file therefore models as a legend rather
+        than as serial (see ad-dealer-prova).
+      expiry_marking: >-
+        The plate also carries the expiry MONTH in Roman numerals and the YEAR
+        in Arabic numerals, in a red field at the upper right. That is a
+        validity device, not a serial component, and it does not appear in the
+        pattern.
+    design:
+      plate: { w: 340, h: 120, unit: mm, note: "225x115 mm for motorcycles" }
+      background: { color: "#FFFFFF", finish: retroreflective, hex_basis: observed }
+      foreground: "#000000"
+      accent: { color: "#E1051E", hex_basis: pantone-converted, spec_note: "Pantone 485 — the MT panel, the expiry panel, the AND mark and the legend are all in this red on this series" }
+      band: { side: none }
+      emblem: { present: true, rendered: placeholder }
+      rear_differs: false
+    region_encoding: none
+    notes: >-
+      MATRÍCULA TEMPORAL — temporary/tourist registration. Distinguished from
+      the ordinary plate by red furniture rather than by a coloured ground: the
+      AND mark and the PRINCIPAT D'ANDORRA legend, blue on every other white
+      plate, are red here.
+    sources:
+      - "https://bopadocuments.blob.core.windows.net/bopa-documents/034135/html/GR20221110_09_12_43.html  # Decret 456/2022 art. 13"
+      - "https://bopadocuments.blob.core.windows.net/bopa-documents/011040/html/199A6.html  # Llei del Codi de la circulació de 10-6-99 art. 156 — the MT series' earlier basis"
+      - "https://bopadocuments.blob.core.windows.net/bopa-documents/026067/html/lo26067002.html  # Llei 24/2014 art. 7.1(i) — MT grouped with the serial prefixes"
+
+  - id: ad-dealer-prova
+    class: dealer
+    categories: [car, van, motorcycle]
+    period: { start: 1999 }
+    period_evidence: instrument-in-force-upper-bound
+    period_note: >-
+      Also older than the current Reglament: the 1999 Codi art. 151(b) carried
+      it — "Les plaques han de contenir la menció 'PROVA', han de portar gravat
+      un número d'ordre i l'any del seu lliurament, que també és l'any de
+      validesa." Current spec at art. 16 of Decret 456/2022.
+    matching: strict
+    format:
+      pattern: "999"
+      regex: '\A\d{1,3}\z'
+      printed_form: "PROVA 999"
+      format_evidence: statutory
+      format_note: >-
+        THE SERIAL IS THE THREE DIGITS; "PROVA" IS A LEGEND. art. 16.1 says so
+        in terms — "A la part inferior s'hi troba la llegenda 'PROVA'" — and
+        Llei 24/2014 art. 7.1(i) reinforces it by calling PROVA "la paraula"
+        (the word) where it calls MT, CD, CMD, A and CC "les lletres" grouped
+        with digits. The statute's own vocabulary distinguishes a legend from a
+        serial prefix, and this file follows it.
+      matching_caveat: >-
+        As with sm-police, taking the legend out leaves a regex of one to three
+        digits, which is NOT DISCRIMINATIVE. The series is identified by its
+        unmistakable colours, not by its string. `printed_form` records what a
+        human reads.
+      expiry_marking: "the plate also carries the expiry month in Roman numerals and the year, per art. 16"
+    design:
+      plate: { w: 300, h: 190, unit: mm, note: "art. 16 — a tall, near-square plate unlike any other in the catalogue" }
+      background: { color: "#00A651", finish: retroreflective, hex_basis: pantone-converted, spec_note: "Pantone 342 — GREEN ground, verbatim: 'El fons de les plaques és de color verd (fons Pantone 342)'" }
+      foreground: "#E1051E"
+      foreground_note: "RED characters, Pantone 485 — 'El bordó és de color vermell (fons Pantone 485)'"
+      hex_basis: pantone-converted
+      border: { color: "#E1051E", hex_basis: pantone-converted }
+      legend: { text: "PROVA", position: bottom }
+      band: { side: none }
+      emblem: { present: true, rendered: placeholder }
+      rear_differs: false
+    region_encoding: none
+    notes: >-
+      DEALER / TEST PLATES, and visually the most striking in the catalogue: RED
+      characters on a GREEN ground, both Pantone-specified, on a 300x190 mm
+      plate. Nothing else in the microstates group looks remotely like it.
+    sources:
+      - "https://bopadocuments.blob.core.windows.net/bopa-documents/034135/html/GR20221110_09_12_43.html  # Decret 456/2022 art. 16.1"
+      - "https://bopadocuments.blob.core.windows.net/bopa-documents/011040/html/199A6.html  # Llei del Codi de la circulació de 10-6-99 art. 151(b)"
+
+  - id: ad-historic-failed-itv
+    class: historic
+    categories: [car, van, motorcycle]
+    period: { start: 2011 }
+    period_evidence: instrument-in-force-upper-bound
+    matching: strict
+    format:
+      pattern: "L99"
+      regex: '\A[A-Z]\d{2}\z'
+      format_evidence: statutory
+      format_note: "art. 14: one letter and two digits — the shortest serial in the Andorran system"
+    design:
+      plate: { w: 330, h: 140, unit: mm }
+      background: { color: "#E1051E", finish: retroreflective, hex_basis: pantone-converted, spec_note: "Pantone 485 RED GROUND — the only red-ground plate in the catalogue" }
+      foreground: "#000000"
+      legend: { text: "VEHICLE HISTÒRIC" }
+      band: { side: none }
+      emblem: { present: true, rendered: placeholder }
+      rear_differs: false
+    region_encoding: none
+    notes: >-
+      HISTORIC VEHICLES THAT HAVE NOT PASSED THE ROADWORTHINESS TEST — "type I"
+      in the Reglament's scheme (art. 14). Andorra splits its historic regime by
+      ITV OUTCOME rather than by vehicle age, giving red plates to vehicles that
+      failed and white ones to those that passed. That is a genuinely unusual
+      design decision and it is why two historic series appear here.
+    sources:
+      - "https://bopadocuments.blob.core.windows.net/bopa-documents/034135/html/GR20221110_09_12_43.html  # Decret 456/2022 art. 14"
+
+  - id: ad-historic-passed-itv
+    class: historic
+    categories: [car, van, motorcycle]
+    period: { start: 2011 }
+    period_evidence: instrument-in-force-upper-bound
+    matching: strict
+    format:
+      pattern: "58999"
+      regex: '\A5[89]\d{3}\z'
+      format_evidence: statutory
+      format_note: >-
+        A RESERVED NUMERIC BLOCK, 58001 to 59999 (art. 15) — carved out of the
+        ordinary five-digit space rather than given its own prefix. The human
+        pattern spells a representative value from the 58xxx half because the
+        pattern DSL cannot express a numeric range; `regex` covers the whole
+        block. The lower bound 58001 is not encoded, so the regex accepts 58000,
+        which the block does not contain.
+    design:
+      plate: { w: 330, h: 140, unit: mm }
+      background: { color: "#FFFFFF", finish: retroreflective, hex_basis: observed }
+      foreground: "#000000"
+      border: { color: "#000000" }
+      band: { side: none }
+      emblem: { present: true, rendered: placeholder }
+      rear_differs: false
+    region_encoding: none
+    notes: >-
+      HISTORIC VEHICLES THAT HAVE PASSED THE ROADWORTHINESS TEST — "type II"
+      (art. 15). Black on white with a black border, and identified by a
+      RESERVED NUMBER RANGE rather than by any letter. It is the only Andorran
+      series whose identity lives entirely in its numeric block, which makes it
+      the one case where a bare five-digit string can be attributed with
+      confidence. Note the consequence for ad-moped, whose 00000-99999 space
+      nominally includes this block.
+    sources:
+      - "https://bopadocuments.blob.core.windows.net/bopa-documents/034135/html/GR20221110_09_12_43.html  # Decret 456/2022 art. 15"
+
+  - id: ad-special-vehicle
+    class: standard
+    categories: [machine, truck]
+    period: { start: 1999 }
+    period_evidence: instrument-in-force-upper-bound
+    period_note: >-
+      The 1999 Codi art. 204.7 already required special-vehicle plates of a
+      distinct type — "Les matrícules han de ser de les dimensions i del tipus
+      especials diferents de les matrícules normals i segons el model oficial" —
+      so 1999 is an upper bound; art. 17 of Decret 456/2022 is the current spec.
+    matching: strict
+    format:
+      pattern: "9999"
+      regex: '\A\d{4}\z'
+      format_evidence: statutory
+      format_note: >-
+        FOUR numeric characters, 0000 to 9999, verbatim: "A les plaques de
+        matrícula s'hi inscriu un grup de quatre caràcters numèrics que va des
+        del 0000 fins al 9999." Recorded against secondary accounts that give
+        three.
+    design:
+      plate: { w: 225, h: 115, unit: mm }
+      background: { color: "#FFFFFF", finish: retroreflective, hex_basis: observed, spec_note: "verbatim: 'El fons de les plaques és retroreflector, de color blanc' — WHITE, against secondary accounts that describe a sky-blue ground" }
+      foreground: "#E1051E"
+      foreground_note: "red, Pantone 485, embossed, with a matching border"
+      hex_basis: pantone-converted
+      legend: { text: "VEHICLE ESPECIAL", color: "#005B99", hex_basis: pantone-converted, spec_note: "Pantone 300 blue, top" }
+      legend_bottom: { text: "PRINCIPAT D'ANDORRA", color: "#005B99", hex_basis: pantone-converted }
+      band: { side: none }
+      emblem: { present: true, rendered: placeholder }
+      rear_differs: false
+    region_encoding: none
+    notes: >-
+      VEHICLES ESPECIALS. Red characters on a WHITE retroreflective ground with
+      blue Pantone 300 legends. Two corrections to the secondary record are
+      carried here: the ground is white and not sky blue, and the serial is FOUR
+      digits and not three. Both come from art. 17.1 verbatim.
+    sources:
+      - "https://bopadocuments.blob.core.windows.net/bopa-documents/034135/html/GR20221110_09_12_43.html  # Decret 456/2022 art. 17.1"
+      - "https://bopadocuments.blob.core.windows.net/bopa-documents/011040/html/199A6.html  # Llei del Codi de la circulació de 10-6-99 art. 204.7"
+
+  - id: ad-snow-vehicle
+    class: standard
+    categories: [snow-vehicle]
+    period: { start: 2011 }
+    period_evidence: instrument-in-force-upper-bound
+    matching: strict
+    format:
+      pattern: "9999"
+      regex: '\A\d{4}\z'
+      format_evidence: statutory
+    design:
+      plate: { w: 225, h: 115, unit: mm }
+      background: { color: "#FFFFFF", finish: retroreflective, hex_basis: observed }
+      foreground: "#E1051E"
+      hex_basis: pantone-converted
+      legend: { text: "MOTO DE NEU", color: "#005B99", hex_basis: pantone-converted }
+      band: { side: none }
+      emblem: { present: true, rendered: placeholder }
+      rear_differs: false
+    region_encoding: none
+    notes: >-
+      MOTOS DE NEU — snowmobiles, with their own plate under art. 18. A
+      Pyrenean microstate having a statutory snowmobile plate is exactly the
+      kind of jurisdiction-specific series a general dataset misses; it shares
+      the special-vehicle design and differs only in its legend.
+    sources:
+      - "https://bopadocuments.blob.core.windows.net/bopa-documents/034135/html/GR20221110_09_12_43.html  # Decret 456/2022 art. 18"
+
+  - id: ad-giny-mecanic
+    class: standard
+    categories: [machine]
+    period: { start: 2011 }
+    period_evidence: instrument-in-force-upper-bound
+    matching: strict
+    format:
+      pattern: "9999"
+      regex: '\A\d{4}\z'
+      format_evidence: statutory
+    design:
+      plate: { w: 225, h: 115, unit: mm }
+      background: { color: "#FFFFFF", finish: retroreflective, hex_basis: observed }
+      foreground: "#E1051E"
+      hex_basis: pantone-converted
+      bottom_band: { h: 25, unit: mm, color: "#E1051E", note: "a 25 mm red band along the bottom carrying 'NO APTE VIA PÚBLICA' in white" }
+      legend: { text: "GINY MECÀNIC", color: "#E1051E" }
+      legend_warning: { text: "NO APTE VIA PÚBLICA", color: "#FFFFFF" }
+      band: { side: none }
+      emblem: { present: true, rendered: placeholder }
+      rear_differs: false
+    region_encoding: none
+    notes: >-
+      GINYS MECÀNICS — off-road machinery NOT roadworthy, and the plate says so
+      on its face: a red band along the bottom reading "NO APTE VIA PÚBLICA"
+      (not fit for the public highway) in white. The Reglament's own title names
+      these machines, which is why it is called a regulation on plates "en
+      vehicles i ginys mecànics no aptes per a la via pública". A plate that
+      declares its own vehicle unfit for the road is unique in this dataset.
+    sources:
+      - "https://bopadocuments.blob.core.windows.net/bopa-documents/034135/html/GR20221110_09_12_43.html  # Decret 456/2022 art. 19"
+
+  # =========================================================================
+  # PERSONALISED PLATES — by LAW, not by decree, and with a grammar that is a
+  # constraint rather than a template.
+  # =========================================================================
+  - id: ad-personalized
+    class: personalized
+    categories: [car, van, motorcycle]
+    period: { start: 2014 }
+    period_evidence: instrument-in-force
+    period_note: >-
+      Llei 24/2014, del 30 d'octubre, BOPA núm. 67, any 2014, published
+      25 November 2014. Note that Andorra puts personalised plates in a LAW
+      passed by the Consell General and sanctioned by both Co-Princes, where
+      San Marino uses a decree — a markedly higher instrument for the same
+      subject.
+    matching: recall-only
+    format:
+      pattern: "LL999"
+      regex: '\A(?=[A-Z0-9]{2,5}\z)[A-Z]+\d*\z'
+      format_evidence: statutory
+      format_note: >-
+        `recall-only`, because the regex is WIDER than the statutory grammar in
+        one respect it cannot capture. Llei 24/2014 art. 7.1 gives a set of
+        constraints rather than a template: only letters, or letters THEN digits
+        in that order (a) and (c); Catalan alphabet, uppercase, unaccented (b);
+        minimum 2 and maximum 5 characters (g); and — the rule the regex cannot
+        express — "La matrícula de 5 caràcters ha de tenir un mínim de 2
+        lletres" (h). The regex enforces the length bound and the letters-then-
+        digits ordering but accepts a five-character string with only one
+        letter, which (h) forbids. A match is therefore a shape hit.
+      reserved_strings:
+        rule: >-
+          art. 7.1(i): a personalised plate may not consist only of the letters
+          "MT", "CD", "CMD", "A" or "CC" followed by digits, nor of the word
+          "PROVA" — i.e. it may not imitate the temporary, diplomatic, consular,
+          embassy-staff or dealer series. This enumeration is what lets this
+          file distinguish serial PREFIXES from LEGENDS elsewhere; see
+          ad-dealer-prova.
+    design:
+      plate: { w: 340, h: 120, unit: mm }
+      background: { color: "#FFFFFF", finish: retroreflective, hex_basis: observed }
+      foreground: "#000000"
+      band: { side: none }
+      emblem: { present: true, rendered: placeholder }
+      national_mark: { text: "AND", color: "#003399" }
+      legend: { text: "PRINCIPAT D'ANDORRA", color: "#003399" }
+      rear_differs: false
+    region_encoding: none
+    notes: >-
+      PLAQUES DE MATRÍCULA PERSONALITZADA, from 2014. Two features are worth a
+      consumer's attention: the grammar is a CONSTRAINT SET rather than an
+      enumerated pattern list (unlike San Marino's, which was enumerated until
+      2022 and then also became a constraint), and the reserved-string rule at
+      art. 7.1(i) is the cleanest statutory statement in this whole dossier of
+      which alphabetic markers Andorra regards as serial prefixes.
+    sources:
+      - "https://bopadocuments.blob.core.windows.net/bopa-documents/026067/html/lo26067002.html  # Llei 24/2014, del 30 d'octubre, art. 7.1 lit. a-i"