interscript 0.1.2 → 0.1.7

data/maps/odni-fas-Arab-Latn-2015.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,406 @@
+---
+authority_id: odni
+id: 2015
+language: iso-639-2:fas
+source_script: Arab
+destination_script: Latn
+name: ODNI Persian Farsi Dari Personal Names 2015 System, ICS-630-01 Annex J
+url: https://github.com/interscript/ics-630-01/blob/master/reference-docs/ANNEX%20J%20-%20Persian-Farsi_Dari_Personal_Names_FLTS_2018_Revision%20(U).pdf
+creation_date: 2015
+confirmation_date: 2015-11
+description: |
+  This system is the Intelligence Community (IC) standard for
+  the transliteration of Persian (Farsi)
+  and Dari names that is applied to all final written reports
+  and products for IC consumers. It is not
+  intended to eliminate variations of a name that can
+  contribute forensic information. Rather, it is
+  to provide an IC standard Romanized (English)
+  transliteration from Persian (Farsi) and Dari that
+  can then be linked to forensic information in ways that
+  will help identify the referent of the
+  name.
+
+  In cases where an individual’s name has already been
+  transliterated in a variant spelling, the IC
+  Standard spelling should appear first, followed by the
+  variant spelling(s) in parentheses at the
+  first usage. In addition, if the original Perso-Arabic
+  script spelling is known, that spelling should
+  also appear in parentheses following the name, if possible,
+  following best practices of the issuing
+  organization and taking into consideration information
+  system capabilities. This convention is
+  designed to ensure that vital forensic information is not
+  lost while maintaining consistency.
+
+  For names of individuals who are not part of the Persian-(
+  Farsi) or Dari-speaking community,
+  but whose names are encountered in Farsi or Dari, use the
+  relevant IC transliteration standard for
+  names from that language (e.g., Mikhail, Yitzhak, Abu-
+  Murtada). Spell names of individuals
+  from languages that are written in Roman letters as they
+  are spelled in those languages (e.g.,
+  George Clooney, Jorge Garcia, Georges Pompidou).
+  In the case of active senior government officials in the
+  online CIA World Factbook and the
+  online directory of Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of
+  Foreign Governments, the spellings
+  given in these online reference works should be used in
+  place of the IC Standard, with the IC
+  Standard included as a variant in parentheses at the first
+  usage. For any individual who has at one
+  time been listed in the Factbook or Chiefs of State
+  directory but who no longer appears in those
+  resources (i.e., is no longer a government official), the
+  IC Standard spelling should appear first,
+  with the spelling, if known, as it previously appeared in
+  those resources listed within parentheses
+  at the first usage (e.g., former president Mahmud
+  Ahmadinezhad (Ahmadi-Nejad).
+
+  The primary goal is to produce a consistent Romanized
+  transcription of names that is specifically
+  readable to the English-speaking non-specialist. The system
+  uses the 26 letters of the standard
+  (English) Roman alphabet plus the apostrophe and hyphen.
+  Some ambiguities in the Romanized
+  form will occur without the use of diacritics. However,
+  within the context of a report, where
+  additional information about the individual is provided,
+  the referent will be clearly identified.
+  This system will be used in conjunction with online tools,
+  name dictionaries, and lists containing
+  conventional spellings of names of well-known individuals.
+
+notes:
+  - |
+    Alef maqsura (final yeh pronounced as a long “a”) should
+    be written “a” as in “Musa.”
+
+  - |
+    Digraphs: No distinction is drawn between digraphs such
+    as sh and single contiguous letters
+    (e.g., s followed by h).
+
+  - |
+    Long/short vowels: There is no distinction made between
+    long and short a. E.g., Farzad (the
+    first a is short, the second long).
+
+  - |
+    Diphthongs: The diphthong such as in the name Hosein is
+    written ei. Following the
+    predominant lack of pronunciation of the ow diphthong in
+    Farsi, this diphthong will not be
+    represented (Khosro, not Khosrow).
+
+  - |
+    Apostrophe: The apostrophe is used in three cases: 1) to
+    represent a name-internal or terminal
+    hamzeh or ein (Mo’men, Ghane’), 2) to represent the first
+    yeh (ی (in a double yeh (یی (
+    construction (since رضایی is simply an orthographic variant
+    of رضائی – both are rendered
+    Reza’i), and 3) to represent the alef (ا (in the special
+    case of a name ending in ای ه) e.g.,
+    Badreh’i, Ganjeh’i). Name-initially, however, neither
+    hamzeh nor ein are indicated in
+    transliteration (Abdorrahman, not 'Abdorrahman).
+
+  - |
+    Double consonants: Double consonants represented by the
+    tashdid are shown by doubling the
+    Roman letter: Mo'azzami, Tavakkoli, Sajjad. Exceptions: Ein
+    and consonants represented by
+    Roman digraphs (e.g., sh, ch) are not doubled (Mobasher,
+    not Mobashsher). Double letters
+    are only used for tashdid (Hosein, not Hossein) or to
+    reflect “sun-letter” assimilation (see
+    below). Special care should be taken when possible to
+    discriminate between doubled and
+    non-doubled letters in names that are otherwise
+    indistinguishable in their transliterated forms:
+    Hasan (حسن (vs. Hassan (حسان(
+
+  - |
+    Hyphens: A hyphen will be used for compound
+    last names to connect major name elements (e.g., Raja’i-
+    Khorasani, Tabataba’i-Shirazi, Soleimani-Meimandi). No
+    spaces are to be used for last names to reduce ambiguity (
+    with the exception of certain Arabic-origin constructions
+    as specified below). Hyphens are not used to attach minor
+    elements and suffixes/prefixes, or to show ezafeh
+    constructions in or between names (Shahrbabak, not Shahr-e
+    Babak). It should be understood that when a full compound
+    last name is available, the second major element is
+    typically omitted for normal use, while the first major
+    element of the last name is preferred. It is thus
+    recommended as a best practice for reporting that both of
+    these names, if known, be included at the first instance,
+    and only the family name be used thereafter in the report (
+    unless it is known that a specific individual is commonly
+    known otherwise). E.g., “Mohammad Mahmudi-Tehrani (
+    hereafter Mahmudi).”
+
+  - |
+    Compound first names will be written as distinct words:
+    Ali Reza (not Alireza or Ali-Reza);
+    Mohammad Hosein (not Mohammadhosein or Mohammad-Hosein),
+    with the exception of cases identified below.
+
+  - |
+    Arabic-origin names that incorporate the word “Allah” are
+    transliterated as one word, with the letter ‘o’ replacing the
+    alef in Allah (Azizollah, Rahimollah).
+
+  - |
+    Name-internal Arabic definite article "al" (‫)ال‬: Common
+    in many names borrowed
+    from Arabic, the transliteration should follow the Arabic
+    rules for “sun letter” assimilation in spoken form and
+    reflect the nominative case. That is: Abdorrahman, not Abd-
+    al-Rahman. (The Arabic sun letters are: ‫ت‬،‫ث‬،‫د‬،‫ذ‬،
+    ‫ر‬، ‫ز‬،‫س‬،‫ش‬،‫ص‬،‫ض‬،‫ط‬،‫ظ‬،‫ل‬،‫ن‬ . These correspond with
+    d, l, n, r, s, sh, t, and z.) Note that the moon letters (
+    i.e., all other Arabic letters) are not assimilated (e.g.,
+    Abdolhasan, Abolfazl). Note also that the “Abdollah” and
+    “Abdol + attribute of Allah” names are written as a single
+    word, as are other names that contain the definite article:
+    Shamsoddin (not Shams-al-Din), Nezamoddin, etc.
+
+  - |
+    Name-initial Arabic definite article "al" (‫)ال‬: For
+    Arabic-origin names starting with the definite article “al” (‫)
+    ال‬, follow the Arabic standard of al-Sisi (‫)الصیصی‬ (not
+    Alsisi or Assisi) and forego sun-letter assimilation.
+
+  - |
+    Arabic "family marker" of Al (‫)آل‬: For Arabic-origin
+    names starting with the "family marker" of Al (‫)آل‬,
+    follow the Arabic standard of Al Davud (‫داود‬ ‫)آل‬ (not
+    Aldavud or Aledavud).
+
+  - |
+    Kunyas: In the rather rare case where
+    a Persian uses a kunya (a name for an adult normally
+    derived from his or her eldest child, and sometimes
+    employed as a nom de guerre), this name will be rendered
+    with a space separating the two elements (Abu Hosein, Abu
+    Ghasem). Note that this does not apply when the person's
+    given or family name was derived from a predecessor's
+    kunya. In these cases, the leading element should be
+    treated as a prefix as indicated below (Abuhosein[i],
+    Abughasem[i]).
+
+  - |
+    Persian names of non-Persian origin that are
+    no longer considered foreign by Farsi speakers (commonly of
+    Arabic or Hebrew origin) follow this IC transliteration
+    standard for Persian. E.g., Yusef (not Joseph), Davud (not
+    David), Reza (not Rida), Abutorab (not Abu-Turab),
+    Abolfazl (not Abu-al-Fadl). However, in the uncommon event
+    the name of an Iranian with a non-Persian name appears in
+    Farsi (possibly as a result of mixed parentage), it is
+    spelled according to the standard Western tradition or the
+    appropriate IC standard: James, Georges, Pedro, Jiang.
+
+tests:
+  - source: مُوسَى
+    expected: musa
+
+  - source: مُؤمِن
+    expected: mo’men
+
+  - source: رِضايي
+    expected: reza’i
+
+  - source: مُبَشِّر
+    expected: mobasher
+
+  - source: حَسَّان
+    expected: hassan
+
+  - source: حَسَن
+    expected: hasan
+
+  - source: صَفَّار
+    expected: saffar
+
+  - source: صَفَر
+    expected: safar
+
+map:
+  characters:
+
+
+
+    # special rules
+
+    '\s(?=\u0622\u0628\u064E\u0627\u062F)': '' # space followed by abad is removed
+    '\ufdf2': 'Allah' # See note 5
+    '\s\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647': 'ollah' # NOTE 9
+
+    '\u0652' : ''  # ْ sokoon
+    '\u0659': 'ê'
+
+    '\u064e\u064a\u0652' : 'ay'  # ـَيْ
+    '\u0649\u0670': 'á' # ىٰ
+    '\u0674': '-e' # ٴ
+    '\u0654': '-e' #  ٔ
+      # - '-ye'
+
+
+    # ta' marboota
+    '\u0629' : 'eh'
+
+
+
+    '\u0626' : '’' # ئ
+    '\u0624' : '’' # ؤ
+    '\u0623' : ''  # أ
+    '\u0625': ''    # إ
+
+    # See note B
+    '\b\u0627\u0644' : 'al '  # ال
+    '\b\u0622\\u0644' : 'Al ' # ‫آل‬
+    # '\uFE8E' : ''  # ﺎ
+
+    # Sun letters
+    '\b\u0627\u0644\u062a' : 'at t'  # الت
+    '\b\u0627\u0644\u062b' : 'as s'  # الث
+    '\b\u0627\u0644\u062f' : 'ad d' # الد
+    '\b\u0627\u0644\u0630' : 'az z'  # الذ
+    '\b\u0627\u0644\u0631' : 'ar r' # الر
+    '\b\u0627\u0644\u0632' : 'az z'  # الز
+    '\b\u0627\u0644\u0633' : 'as s' # الس
+    '\b\u0627\u0644\u0634' : 'ash sh' # الش
+    '\b\u0627\u0644\u0635' : 'as s'  # الص
+    '\b\u0627\u0644\u0636' : 'az z'  # الض
+    '\b\u0627\u0644\u0637' : 'at t'  # الط
+    '\b\u0627\u0644\u0638' : 'az z' # الظ
+    '\b\u0627\u0644\u0644' : 'al l'  # الل
+    '\b\u0627\u0644\u0646' : 'an n'  # الن
+
+    # Farsi Vowel (Pointing)
+    '\u0622' : 'a'  # آ alef maddeh
+    '\u064e' : 'a' # َ fatha
+    '(?<=\u064e)\u0627' : ''  # ا
+    '(?<!\b)\u0627' : 'a'  # ا
+    '\b\u0627\u064e' : 'a' # ا initial followed by fatha
+    '\b\u0627\u064f' : 'o' # ا initial followed by damma
+    '\b\u0627\u0650' : 'e' # ِ ا initial followed by kasra
+
+    '\u064f' : 'o' # damma
+    '\u064f\u0648' : 'u'  # ـُو damma followed by و
+    # '\u064e\u0648' : 'ow'  # ـَو
+    # '\u064e\u0648\u0652' : 'aw'  # ـَوْ
+
+
+    '\u0650' : 'e' # kasra
+    '\u0650\u064a' : 'i' # ـِي kasra followed by ي
+    '\u0650\u06cc' : 'i' # ـِي kasra followed by ي
+    '\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e' : 'iy' # ـِيَّ
+    '\u0650\u06cc\u0651\u064e' : 'iy' # ـِيَّ
+    '\u0650\u064a(?=\u064e|u064f)' : 'iy' # ـِي kasra followed by ي
+    # '\u064e\u064a' : 'aī'  # ـَي
+    # '\u064e\u06cc' : 'aī'  # ـَي
+    # '\u064e\u0649' : 'ay'  # ـَى fatha followed by ى which is ا not ي
+
+    # additional symbols
+
+    # shadda
+
+    '\u0628\u0651' : 'bb'  # ب
+    '\u062a\u0651' : 'tt'  # ت
+    '\u062b\u0651' : 'ss'  # ث
+    '\u062c\u0651' : 'jj'  # ج
+    '\u062d\u0651' : 'hh' # ح
+    '\u062e\u0651' : 'kh'  # خ
+    '\u062f\u0651' : 'dd'  # د
+    '\u0630\u0651' : 'zz'  # ذ
+    '\u0631\u0651' : 'rr'  # ر
+    '\u0632\u0651' : 'zz'  # ز
+    '\u0633\u0651' : 'ss'  # س
+    '\u0634\u0651' : 'sh'  # ش
+    '\u0635\u0651' : 'ss'  # ص
+    '\u0636\u0651' : 'zz'  # ض
+    '\u0637\u0651' : 'tt'  # ط
+    '\u0638\u0651' : 'zz'  # ظ
+    '\u063a\u0651' : 'gh'  # غ
+    '\u0641\u0651' : 'ff'  # ف
+    '\u0642\u0651' : 'gh'  # ق
+    '\u0643\u0651' : 'kk'  # ك
+    '\u0644\u0651' : 'll'  # ل
+    '\u0645\u0651' : 'mm'  # م
+    '\u0646\u0651' : 'nn'  # ن
+    '\u0647\u0651' : 'hh'  # ه
+    '\u0648\u0651' : 'vv'  # و
+    '\u064a\u0651' : 'yy'  # ي
+
+    '(?<=\b)\u0621': '' # ء
+    '\u0621': '’' # ء
+
+    # FROM NOTES
+
+    '\u064e\u0649' : 'a'  # ـَى fatha followed by ى which is ا not ي
+    '\u0649' : 'a'  # ى alef maqsura NOTE-1
+
+    '\u064a\u064a' : '’i' # NOTE 4 (2)
+    '\u06cc\u06cc' : '’i'
+
+    '\u0627\u064a\b' : '’i' # NOTE 4 (3)
+    '\u0627\u06cc\b' : '’i'
+
+    # Farsi consonant characters
+
+    '\u0628' : 'b'  # ب
+    '\u067E': 'p' # پ
+    '\u062a' : 't'  # ت
+    # '\u067C': 'ṯ'  # ټ
+    '\u062B': 's'   # ث
+    '\u062c' : 'j'  # ج
+    '\u0686': 'ch'  # ‫چ‬
+
+    # # The variant form ج is seen infrequently and does not have a
+    # # single Unicode encoding.
+    # '\u0681': 'dz' # Note 2 # ‫ځ‬
+
+    # '\u0685': 'ts' # Note 2 # ‫څ
+
+    '\u062d' : 'h' # ح
+    '\u062e' : 'kh'  # خ
+    '\u062f' : 'd'  # د
+    # '\u0689' : 'ḏ' # ‫ډ‬
+    '\u0630' : 'z'  # ذ
+    '\u0631' : 'r'  # ر
+    # '\u0693' : 'ṟ'   # ړ
+    '\u0632' : 'z'  # ز
+    '\u0698' : 'zh'  # ‫ژ‬
+    # '\u0696' : 'z͟h'  # ږ
+    '\u0633' : 's'  # س
+    # '\u069A' : 's͟h'  # ښ
+    '\u0634' : 'sh'  # ش
+    '\u0635' : 's'  # ص
+    '\u0636' : 'z'  # ض
+    '\u0637' : 't'  # ط
+    '\u0638' : 'z'  # ظ
+    '\u0639' : '‘'  # ع
+    '(?<=\b)\u0639' : ''  # ع not represented initially
+    '\u063a' : 'gh'  # غ
+    '\u0641' : 'f'  # ف
+    '\u0642' : 'gh'  # ق
+    '\u0643' : 'k'  # ك
+    # '\u06A9' : 'k' # ک
+    '\u06AF' : 'g' # ‫گ‬
+    '\u0644' : 'l'  # ل
+    '\u0645' : 'm'  # م
+    '\u0646' : 'n'  # ن
+    # '\u06BC' : 'ṉ' # ڼ
+    '\u0647' : 'h'  # ه
+    '\u0648' : 'v'  # و
+    '\u064a' : 'y'  # ي
+    '\u0649' : 'y'  # ي
+    '\u06D0' : 'ē'   # ې
+    '\u06CD' : 'êy'  # ‫ۍ‬

data/maps/odni-hin-Deva-Latn-2015.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,258 @@
+---
+authority_id: odni
+id: 2015
+language: iso-639-2:hin
+source_script: Deva
+destination_script: Latn
+name: Office of the Director Of National Intelligence Hindi Urdu Personal Names 2015 System, ICS-630-01 Annex F
+#url:
+creation_date: 2015
+confirmation_date: 2015
+description: |
+  This system is the Intelligence Community (IC) standard for the transliteration of names
+  from Hindi and Urdu that will be applied to all final written reports and products for IC
+  consumers. It is not intended to eliminate variations of a name that can contribute
+  forensic information. Rather, it is to provide an IC standard Romanized (English)
+  transliteration from standard Hindi and Urdu that can then be linked to forensic
+  information in ways that will help identify the referent of the name.
+
+  There are typically a number of ways that names can be Romanized from either
+  Devanagari (Hindi) or modified Arabic (Urdu) scripts. Ambiguities can result from the
+  Romanization of Hindi and Urdu names for several reasons, including the fact that some
+  sounds in South Asian languages (e.g., retroflex consonants, voiced aspirates) have no
+  equivalent in English or other European languages. In the case of Urdu, as in the original
+  Arabic source of many Islamic names, short vowel markings, double consonant marks
+  and other diacritics that would clearly distinguish the name are almost always omitted
+  from standard written texts. And many Islamic names of Arabic or Persian origin reflect
+  spelling distinctions from those languages that are lost in modern Urdu pronunciation
+  (e.g., three distinct Arabic letters all represent the identical sound [s] for Urdu speakers);
+  transliterations might either maintain those spelling distinctions or ignore them entirely.
+  And, as in the Arabic source, names containing the Arabic definite article ‘al’ (‘ul’) show
+  anticipatory assimilation in pronunciation (e.g., Shams al Din > Shamsuddin);
+  transliterations may either reflect spelling or pronunciation in such cases.
+
+  Because Hindi and Urdu overlap so extensively, it is desirable to correlate Hindi and
+  Urdu transliterations as much as possible. In the area of names, this can become
+  problematic when the Urdu spelling accurately reflects original Arabic spelling while the
+  Hindi spelling was phonetically-based, in essence, already a transliteration. This would
+  argue for ignoring Arabic/Urdu spelling distinctions not reflected in pronunciation in
+  either Urdu or Hindi (e.g., letter sin versus letter sad) while maintaining Arabic/Urdu
+  spelling distinctions like Hindi also maintains (e.g., qaf as in Qutubbin versus kaf)).
+  However, this is not always possible (see Hindi va versus Urdu wau).
+
+  In cases where an individual’s name has already been transliterated, that is to be indicated
+  – as found – in parentheses immediately following its rendition in the transliteration
+  standard (e.g., Muhammad Khulud (Mohamed Khulood)). In addition, if the original
+  Devanagari or Arabic-script spelling is known, that spelling should also appear in
+  parentheses following the name, if possible, following best practices of the issuing
+  organization and taking into consideration information system capabilities. This
+  convention is designed to ensure that vital forensic information is not lost.
+
+  For names of persons who are known to not be part of the Hindi- or Urdu-speaking
+  community, use the relevant IC transliteration standard for names from that language
+  (e.g., Mikhail, Yitzhak). A translator’s note may be used to clarify the known origin of
+  the person. Spell names of individuals from languages that are written in Roman letters as
+  they are spelled in those languages (e.g., George Clooney, Jorge Garcia, Georges
+  Pompidou).
+
+  In the case of active senior government officials in the on-line CIA World Factbook and
+  the on-line directory of Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of Foreign Governments,
+  the spellings given in these on-line reference works should be used in place of the IC
+  Standard. For any individual who has at one time been listed in the Factbook or Chiefs of
+  State directory but who no longer appears in those resources (i.e. is no longer a
+  government official), the IC Standard spelling should appear first, with the spelling, if
+  known, as it previously appeared in those resources listed within parentheses at the first
+  usage.
+
+  The primary goal of this system is to produce a consistent Romanized transcription of the
+  name that is readable to the non-specialist. The system uses the 26 letters of the standard
+  (English) Roman alphabet. Some ambiguities in the Romanized form will occur without
+  the use of diacritics. However, within the context of a report, where additional
+  information about the individual is provided, the referent will be clearly identified.
+  Additionally, this system will be used in conjunction with on-line tools, name dictionaries
+  and lists containing conventional spellings of names of well-known individuals
+
+notes:
+
+  - |
+    Long/Short Vowels: Long and short vowels are not distinguished in the system:
+    The borrowed Arabic name Samir could represent two distinct names, one with a
+    long /a/ (Saamir) and one with a long /i/ (Samiir). One solution would be to use
+    /ee/ to stand for the long /i/, as is often done (Sameer). The IC Standard will not
+    distinguish between these.
+
+  - |
+    No distinction is made between: retroflex and non-retroflex consonants; and
+    nasalized vowels and vowels followed by /n/.
+  - |
+    No distinction is made between the several Arabic letters with the same phonetic
+    value in Urdu: e.g., letters sin/svad, zal/ze/zoe.
+  - |
+    A distinction is drawn between Urdu letters qaf and kaf (and correspondingly,
+    Hindi qa and ka).
+  - |
+    A distinction is drawn between aspirated (e.g., /d/) and nonaspirated consonants
+    (e.g., /dh/), with the exception of ch/chh, both represented by /ch/.
+  - |
+    Double consonants: Double consonants represented by the tashdid (shaddah) are
+    shown in most cases (e.g., Hassan, Muhammad). Exceptions: consonants
+    represented by digraphs are not doubled (e.g., Mubashir [not Mubashshir]).
+  - |
+    Hamzah (glottal stop) and ayn: Unlike in the Arabic IC Standard, these are not
+    represented in the IC standard.
+  - |
+    Digraphs: No distinction is made between digraphs such as /sh/ and single
+    contiguous letters such as /s/ followed by /h/.
+  - |
+    Arabic definite article “al” (‘the’): Shows sun letter assimilation in the
+    Romanized form (e.g., Abdur Rahman rather than Abdal Rahman, rather than
+    Arabic IC standard 'Abd al-Rahman).
+  - |
+    Special Rules
+    - |
+      Hyphens: Hyphens (-) are NOT used to connect name elements within a name:
+      Abdur Rahman. The single exception to this is the izafat (i.e., linking vowel in
+      noun-link-modifier construction of Persian origin), which does show a hyphen
+      before the /e/ and a following space: Koh-e Nur (‘mountain of light’), “Jaish-e
+      xx” (‘Army of xx’ construction).
+    - |
+      Names incorporating “din” are written as one unit: Azermuddin, Badruddin,
+    Faizuddin, Salahuddin.
+    - |
+      Names that incorporate Allah as part of the name show the Arabic grammatical
+      marker /u/ rather than the /a/ of Allah: Abdullah (not Abdallah).
+    - |
+      Inherent short vowel /a/ in Devanagari is represented with an /a/ in Roman. Final
+      consonants are assumed not to have a short /a/ (e.g., masc. name Ram Lal, not
+      Rama Lala).
+    - |
+      As a general rule, Devanagari va is transcribed as a /v/: Vijay, Vishal, etc.
+      Exception: /sw/ combination: Saraswati, Krishnaswami. Urdu wau, however, is
+      transcribed as /w/: Wasim, Walid.
+
+tests:
+  - source: "हसन मोहम्मद"
+    expected: "hsn mohmmd"
+  - source: "विशाल ठाकुर"
+    expected: "vishal thakur"
+  - source: "अमिताभ जैन"
+    expected: "amitabh jain"
+  - source: "आकाङ्क्षा बच्चन"
+    expected: "akankshaa bchchn"
+  - source: "अनुष्का शर्मा"
+    expected: "anushka shrma"
+  - source: "शाहरुख खान"
+    expected: "shahrukh khan"
+  - source: "इंजमाम उल हक"
+    expected: "injmam ul hk"
+  - source: "शाहिद अफरीदी"
+    expected: "shahid aphridi"
+  - source: "सचिन तेंडुलकर"
+    expected: "schin tendulkr"
+  - source: "वसीम अकरम"
+    expected: "vsim akrm"
+  - source: "हसन अब्दुल्ला"
+    expected: "hsn abdulla"
+
+map:
+
+  characters:
+
+    # I. Vowels and Diphthongs (see Note 1)
+
+    'अ': 'a'
+    'आ': 'a'
+    'इ': 'i'
+    'ई': 'i'
+    'उ': 'u'
+    'ऊ': 'u'
+    'ऋ': 'ri'
+    'ए': 'e'
+    'ऐ': 'ai'
+    'ऑ': 'o'
+    'ओ': 'au'
+
+    # II. Consonants (see Note 2)
+    # Gutturals
+    'क': 'k'
+    'क्ष': 'ksha'
+    'क़': 'q'
+    'ख': 'kh'
+    'ख़': 'kh'
+    'ग': 'g'
+    'घ': 'gh'
+    'ग़': 'gh'
+    'ङ': 'n'
+
+    # Palatals
+    'च': 'ch'
+    'छ': 'ch'
+    'ज': 'j'
+    'झ': 'jh'
+    'ज़': 'z'
+    'ञ': 'n'
+
+    # Cerebrals
+    'ट': 't'
+    'ठ': 'th'
+    'ड': 'd'
+    'ड़': 'r'
+    'ढ': 'dh'
+    'ढ़': 'rh'
+    'ण': 'n'
+
+    # Dentals
+    'त': 't'
+    'थ': 'th'
+    'द': 'd'
+    'ध': 'dh'
+    'न': 'n'
+
+    # Labials
+    'प': 'p'
+    'फ': 'ph'
+    'फ़': 'f'
+    'ब': 'b'
+    'भ': 'bh'
+    'म': 'm'
+
+    # Semivowels
+    'य': 'y'
+    'र': 'r'
+    'ल': 'l'
+    'व': 'v'
+
+    # Sibilants
+    'श': 'sh'
+    'ष': 'sh'
+    'स': 's'
+
+    # Aspirate
+    'ह': 'h'
+
+    # Anusvāra
+    'ं': 'n'
+
+    # Bisarga
+    'ः ': 'h'
+
+    # Anunāsika
+    'ँ': 'n'
+
+    '़': ''
+    '्': ''
+
+    # Medials # Needed for connecting constants
+    'ा': "a"
+    'ि': "i"
+    'ी': "i"
+    'ु': "u"
+    'ू': "u"
+    'ृ': "ri"
+    'े': "e"
+    'ै': "ai"
+    'ॅ': "ai"
+    'ॊ': "o"
+    'ो': "o"
+    'ौ': "au"
+    'ॉ': "au"