gphys 1.1.1a

data/doc/ep_flux/math-doc/document.tex

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+% TITLE     NumRu::GPhys::EP_Flux
+%
+% HISTORY   2004/08/09 �͸�����
+%           2004/11/12 �͸����� ( �ǿ����� )
+%           2005/02/13 ��������
+%
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%%%%%%%%             Style  Setting             %%%%%%%%
+\documentclass[a4j,12pt,openbib]{jreport}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%%%%%%%%             Package Include            %%%%%%%%
+\usepackage{ascmac}
+\usepackage{tabularx}
+\usepackage{graphicx}
+\usepackage{amssymb}
+\usepackage{amsmath}
+\usepackage{Dennou6}
+%%%%%%%%            PageStyle Setting           %%%%%%%%
+\pagestyle{Dmyheadings}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%%%%%%%%            Title Setting               %%%%%%%%
+\Dtitle[NumRu::GPhys::EP\_Flux]{NumRu::GPhys::EP\_Flux \\�����ɥ������}
+\Dauthor[�ϵ�ή����Ǿ�����]{�ϵ�ή����Ǿ�����}
+\Dfile{}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%%%%%%%%   Set Counter (chapter, section etc. ) %%%%%%%%
+%\setcounter{chapter}{1}
+\setcounter{section}{0}
+\setcounter{equation}{0}
+\setcounter{page}{1}
+\setcounter{figure}{0}
+\setcounter{footnote}{0}
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%%%%%%%%        Counter Output Format           %%%%%%%%
+
+\def\thesection{\arabic{chapter}.\arabic{section}}
+%\def\theequation{\arabic{chapter}.\arabic{section}.\arabic{equation}}
+%\def\thepage{\arabic{page}}
+%\def\thefigure{\arabic{section}.\arabic{figure}}
+%\def\thetable{\arabic{section}.\arabic{table}}
+%\def\thefootnote{\arabic{footnote}}
+%\def\thesection{\arabic{section}}
+%\def\theequation{\arabic{section}.\arabic{equation}}
+\def\thepage{\arabic{page}}
+\def\thefigure{\arabic{section}.\arabic{figure}}
+\def\thetable{\arabic{section}.\arabic{table}}
+\def\thefootnote{\arabic{footnote}}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%%%%%%%%        Dennou-Style Definition         %%%%%%%%
+\Dparskip
+%\Dnoparskip
+%\Dparindent
+\Dnoparindent
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%%%%%%%%            Local Definition            %%%%%%%%
+\def\dfrac#1#2{{\displaystyle\frac{#1}{#2}}}
+\def\minicaption#1#2{\begin{quote} \caption{\footnotesize #1} \Dfiglab{#2} \end{quote}}
+
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%%%%%%%%             Text Start                 %%%%%%%%
+\begin{document}
+
+%%% �����ȥ�ڡ�������
+\maketitle
+
+%%% �ܼ��ڡ�������
+\tableofcontents
+
+\chapter{�Ϥ����}
+
+NumRu::GPhys::EP\_Flux �� Eliassen-Palm �ե�å���(EP �ե�å���)
+����ӻĺ��۴Ĥ�׻�����᥽�åɤ򽸤᤿�⥸�塼��Ǥ���. 
+�����Ǥ�, ��ľ��ɸ�Ȥ����п����Ϻ�ɸ���Ѥ���
+���ɸ�Ϥˤ�����ץ�ߥƥ���������(���Ϲ�������򤷤ʤ�) 
+EP �ե�å����Τ���Υ᥽�åɤ������Ѱդ���Ƥ���.
+����Ū�ˤ� Plumb �ե�å����� Takaya-Nakamura �ե�å�����׻�����
+�᥽�åɤ⥵�ݡ��Ȥ���ͽ��Ǥ���. 
+�ܥɥ�����ȤǤ� NumRu::GPhys::EP\_Flux �ǻ��Ѥ����
+�����β���ȳƥ᥽�åɤγ����Ԥ�. 
+�ʤ�, NumRu::GPhys::EP\_Flux �Ǥ�, ��ʬ�黻�Τ����, 
+�̥⥸�塼�� NumRu::Derivative ����� NumRu::GPhys::Derivative ��
+��������᥽�åɤ���Ѥ��Ƥ���.
+��ʬ�黻�᥽�åɤ˴ؤ���ܺ٤Ϥ��줾��Υ⥸�塼��Υɥ�����Ȥ�
+���Ȥ��줿��.
+
+
+\chapter{NumRu::GPhys::EP\_Flux �Ƿ׻���������}
+
+�ܾϤǤ� NumRu::GPhys::EP\_Flux ������������̤β����Ԥ�.
+������ǥ�� Andrews {\it et al}.(1987) ���� 3 �Ϥ˴�Ť�.
+
+\section{�Ϥ�����}
+\Dseclab{����}
+
+���̾���絤��ͤ���.
+�絤�θ����Ͽ�ʿ�����ι�������������, 
+��ľ�������ſ尵ʿ�դ�����Ω�Ĥ�ΤȤ���. 
+���ٷ��ٺ�ɸ�Ϥ��Ѥ�, ���� $\lambda$ ���������, 
+���� $\phi$ �����̸���������Ȥ�. 
+��ľ��ɸ�ˤ��п����Ϻ�ɸ$z^*$
+\begin{eqnarray}\Deqlab{logp}
+  z^* &=& -H \ln(p/p_s),\ \ \ \ H = \frac{R_{d} T_s}{g_0}
+\end{eqnarray}
+���Ѥ���. 
+������ $H$ �ϥ�������ϥ���, 
+$R_{d}$ �ϴ�������ε������
+(���׵�������� $R$, ���������ʬ���̤� $w$ �Ȥ����
+ $R_{d} = R/w$), 
+$T_s$ ��ɸ�໲�Ȳ���(���), 
+$g_0$����ɽ�̤ˤ�������ϲ�®��(���), 
+$p$�ϰ���, $p_s$ �ϻ��Ȱ��ϤǤ���.
+$p_s$ �Ȥ�����ɽ�̰��Ϥ���ɽ��(���)���Ѥ���. 
+
+\section{EP �ե�å���}
+\Dseclab{EP �ե�å���}
+
+�ܥ⥸�塼��Ǥ�����Ⱦ�¤ȸ�Ҥ� $\rho_s$ �ǵ��ʲ����� EP �ե�å���
+(�ʹ�, ���ʲ����� EP �ե�å���)��׻�, ���Ϥ���.
+���ʲ����� EP �ե�å�����
+  \begin{subequations}\Deqlab{normalized_F}
+  \begin{align}
+      \Deqlab{normalized_epflx_phi}
+      \hat{F}_\phi  &\equiv \sigma
+      \cos \phi \left(
+        \DP{\overline{u}}{z^*}
+        \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}{\DP{\overline{\theta}}{z^*}} - \overline{u'v'}
+      \right), \\
+      \Deqlab{normalized_epflx_z^*}
+      \hat{F}_{z^*} &\equiv \sigma 
+      \cos \phi \left(
+         \left[ f - \Dinv{a\cos\phi}{\DP{\overline{u}\cos \phi}{\phi}} \right]
+         \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}{\DP{\overline{\theta}}{z^*}} - \overline{u'w'}
+      \right)
+  \end{align}
+\end{subequations}
+����������. 
+������$\hat{F}_\phi$, $\hat{F}_{z^*}$ �Ϥ��줾��
+���ʲ����줿 EP �ե�å����� $\phi$ ��ʬ, $z^*$ ��ʬ�Ǥ���.
+$\overline{\bullet}$ �����������顼ʿ����, 
+$\bullet'$ �����������顼ʿ���̤���Τ����ɽ��. 
+$u, v, w$ �Ϥ��줾��������®, ������®, �п�����®�٤�
+\begin{eqnarray*}
+  (u, v, w) &\equiv& \left(a\cos\phi\DD{\lambda}{t}, a\DD{\phi}{t}, \DD{z^*}{t}\right)
+\end{eqnarray*}
+����������. 
+$\theta$ �ϲ���, $a$ ������Ⱦ��(���)�Ǥ���.
+$\sigma$ ��
+\begin{align}
+  \sigma \equiv \frac{\rho_0}{\rho_s} = \exp\left(\frac{-z^*}{H}\right),
+\end{align}
+�Ǥ���. 
+������, $\rho_0$ �ϴ��ܾ��̩�٤�
+\begin{eqnarray*} \Deqlab{basic_density}
+  \rho_0(z^*) &\equiv& \rho_s e^{-z^*/H}, \hspace{2em} \rho_s \equiv p_s/RT_s
+\end{eqnarray*}
+�Ǥ���. 
+$f$�ϥ��ꥪ��ѥ�᡼����
+\begin{eqnarray} \Deqlab{colioli}
+  f = 2 \Omega \sin \phi = \frac{4 \pi}{T_{rot}} \sin \phi
+\end{eqnarray}
+����������. 
+$\Omega$ �ϼ�ž��®��, $T_{rot}$�ϼ�ž�����Ǥ���.
+�ܥ⥸�塼��Ǥ�, ��ž��®�٤��ѹ����뤿��ˤ�
+$T_{rot}$ ���ͤ�Ϳ������ͤˤʤäƤ���.
+
+
+����, Andrews {\it et al}. (1987) �Ǽ�����Ƥ���
+EP �ե�å����ϼ��Τ褦���������� 
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%    \item EP �ե�å���
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\begin{subequations}
+  \begin{align}
+      \Deqlab{epflx_phi}
+        {F_\phi} =& \rho_0 a
+        \cos \phi \left(\DP{\overline{u}}{\overline{z^*}}
+        \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}{\DP{\overline{\theta}}{z^*}} - \overline{u'v'}\right)\\
+      \Deqlab{epflx_z^*}
+        {F_z^*} =& \rho_0 a
+        \cos \phi \left(\left[ f - \frac{\DP{\overline{u}\cos \phi}{\phi}}{a\cos\phi} \right]
+       \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}{\DP{\overline{\theta}}{z^*}} - \overline{u'w'}\right).
+  \end{align}
+\end{subequations}
+������$F_\phi$, $F_{z^*}$�Ϥ��줾�� EP �ե�å�����$\phi$��ʬ, $z^*$��ʬ�Ǥ���.
+$F_y, F_z^*$ �� $\hat{F_y}, \hat{F_z^*}$ �ϰʲ��Τ褦�˴ط��դ�����.
+\begin{align}
+  \Deqlab{relation_F_vs_F^}
+  (F_y, F_z^*) = a\rho_s(\hat{F_y}, \hat{F_{z^*}})
+\end{align}
+
+\section{�ĺ��۴�}
+
+�ĺ��۴�$(0, \overline{v}^*, \overline{w}^*)$�ϰʲ��η�����������.
+\begin{subequations}\Deqlab{residual}
+  \begin{align}
+  \Deqlab{residual_v}
+  \overline{v}^* &\equiv \overline{v} 
+   - \Dinv{\rho_0}\DP{}{z^*}\left(\rho_0\frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                   {\DP{\overline{\theta}}{z^*}}\right)\notag\\
+                 &= \overline{v} 
+   - \Dinv{\sigma}\DP{}{z^*}\left(\sigma\frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                   {\DP{\overline{\theta}}{z^*}}\right)\\
+  \Deqlab{residual_w}
+  \overline{w}^* &\equiv \overline{w} 
+   + \Dinv{a \cos\phi}\DP{}{\phi}\left(\cos\phi\frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                   {\DP{\overline{\theta}}{z^*}}\right)
+  \end{align}
+\end{subequations}
+
+\section{ʿ������ή�μ�}
+
+���ʲ����� EP �ե�å������Ѥ����, TEM �Ϥˤ����� $u$ �μ���
+�ʲ��Τ褦�ˤʤ�.
+\begin{eqnarray}
+      \Deqlab{transformed_euler_mean_pe_momentum_x_with_F^}& &
+      \DP{\overline{u}}{t}
+        + \overline{v}^*\left[\Dinv{a\cos\phi}\DP{}{\phi}(\overline{u}\cos\phi) - f\right]
+        + \overline{w}^*\DP{\overline{u}}{z^*}
+        - \overline{X} =
+        \Dinv{\sigma \cos\phi}\Ddiv\Dvect{\hat{F}}.
+\end{eqnarray}
+
+
+\section{�Ҹ��̾��ȯ���黻��}
+
+�Ҹ��̤ˤ�����ȯ���黻�Ҥ�, $\Dvect{F}$ ��Ǥ�դΥ٥��ȥ뤷������
+�ʲ��η�����������.
+\begin{align}
+  \Deqlab{div}
+  \Ddiv{} \Dvect{F}= \Dinv{a \cos \phi} \DP{(\cos \phi F_{\phi})}{\phi} 
+                    + \DP{F_{z^{*}}}{z^*}
+\end{align}
+
+
+\section{����ή���ؿ�}
+
+�ĺ��۴Ĥμ���ή���ؿ� $\Psi^*$ ��
+\begin{subequations}
+  \begin{align}
+    \sigma \overline{v}^* &= -g\Dinv{2\pi a \cos\phi }\DP{\Psi^*}{z^{*}}, \\
+    \sigma \overline{w}^* &= g\Dinv{2\pi a^2\cos\phi}\DP{\Psi^*}{\phi}
+  \end{align}
+\end{subequations}
+���������. 
+�弰����ʬ���� $\Psi^*$ ����뤿���, 
+�ܥ⥸�塼��Ǥ� \Deqref{logp} ����Ѥ���
+�п����Ϻ�ɸ ($z^*$) �Ϥ��鰵�Ϻ�ɸ($p$)�Ϥ�
+\begin{align}
+  \DP{}{z^*}\Psi^* &= -\frac{p}{H}\DP{}{p}\Psi^*
+\end{align}
+���Ѵ���, �絤��ü($p=0$)�ˤ����� $\Psi^* = 0$ �Ȥ�����ʬ��
+\begin{align}
+  \Psi^*(\theta, p) = \frac{2\pi a \cos\phi}{g} \int_{0}^{p}\overline{v}^*\Dd p
+\end{align}
+�ȼ���ή���ؿ���Ƴ���Ƥ���.
+%\footnote{   (2005/1/27 ����) ���ɤ�����ä�?\\
+%             (2005/1/27 �͸�) �ɤ���Ǥ�}
+
+
+\section{�ѿ��Ѵ�}
+
+EP\_Flux �⥸�塼��Ǥ�Ϳ����줿�ǡ����˱�����
+�ѿ��Ѵ���ܤ���礬����. �����Ѵ��ϰʲ��Τ褦�˹Ԥ�.
+
+\vspace{5mm}
+
+���Ϥ����ǡ����α�ľ�����������Ǥ��ä����, 
+�ʲ��δط������Ѥ��ƹ��ټ����Ѵ���, �׻���Ԥ�.
+\begin{subequations}
+\begin{align}
+    z^* &= -H \log \left( \frac{p}{p_{00}} \right),\\
+    p &= p_{00} \exp \left( -\frac{z^*}{H} \right) \Deqlab{p-henkan}
+\end{align}
+\end{subequations}
+������$p$�ϰ���, $p_{00}$����ɽ�̻��͵���(���)�Ǥ���.
+
+\vspace{5mm}
+
+���Ϥ�$\theta$��$w$ �Ǥʤ�, ����$T$, ���ϡ�®�١�$\omega \equiv Dp/Dt$
+�ξ��Ϥ��줾��򸵤�$w$, $\theta$�����ɬ�פ�����. �ܥ⥸�塼��Ǥϰʲ��μ�
+���Ѥ���$w, \theta$�����.
+\begin{align}
+  w &= -\omega H / p\\
+  \theta &= T \left(\frac{p_{00}}{p}\right)^\kappa, \kappa = R/C_p
+\end{align}
+������$R$, $C_p$�Ϥ��줾�촥������ε������������갵��Ǯ�Ǥ���. 
+%$\theta$ �� \Deqref{p-henkan} ���Ѥ����
+%\begin{align}
+%  \theta = T\exp \left( \frac{\kappa z^*}{H} \right )
+%\end{align}
+%�Ƚ񤯤��Ȥ�Ǥ���
+%\footnotemark.
+%\footnotetext{ (2005/2/13 ����) ���μ���ɬ�פʤΤǤ��礦��?
+%               (2005/2/17 ����) ���μ���ȤäƤ��Ǥ���. �����ư��
+%��
+%}
+
+
+%\chapter{�᥽�åɤΥ�ե���󥹥ޥ˥奢��}
+% ���: ����Ū�ˤϥ᥽�åɥ�ե����(���ܸ�)�������???
+
+
+
+\appendix
+
+\chapter{�ץ�ߥƥ����������Ϥ��ѷ������顼ʿ�Ѥ�����}
+\Dchaplab{Ƴ��}
+
+�ܾϤǤ��ѷ������顼ʿ���������Ϥ�EP �ե�å��� ����ӻĺ��۴Ĥδط����
+ǧ����. �ޤ��п����Ϻ�ɸ�Ϥ��Ѥ������̾�Σ������ץ�ߥƥ�������������
+����. �����Ǥ��Υ����顼ʿ�Ѥ�����ѷ������顼ʿ���������Ϥ�Ƴ�Ф���. ��
+����ѷ������顼ʿ���������˴�Ť� EP �ե�å�������ӻĺ��۴Ĥ��������.
+
+
+\section{���̾���п����Ϻ�ɸ�Ϥˤ�����ץ�ߥƥ���������}
+
+���̾���п����Ϻ�ɸ�Ϥˤ�����ץ�ߥƥ����������ϰʲ����̤�Ǥ���.
+�����Ǥ� Andrews {\it et al.} (1987) �� (3.1.3) ���򻲹ͤˤ���.
+\begin{subequations}\Deqlab{pe}
+    \begin{align}
+      \Deqlab{pe_momentum_x}
+         \DD{u}{t}       &-  \left(f + \frac{u\tan\phi}{a}\right)v
+                                        + \Dinv{a\cos\phi}\DP{\Phi}{\lambda} = X,\\
+      \Deqlab{pe_momentum_y}
+         \DD{v}{t}       &+  \left(f + \frac{u\tan\phi}{a}\right)u 
+                                                   + \Dinv{a}\DP{\Phi}{\phi} = Y,
+\end{align}
+
+\begin{align}
+\Deqlab{pe_momentum_z^*}
+   \DP{\Phi}{z^*} & = \frac{R\theta e^{-\kappa z^*/H}}{H},
+\end{align}
+
+\begin{align}
+\Deqlab{pe_continuity}
+     \Dinv{a\cos\phi} &
+     \left[
+             \DP{u}{\lambda} + \left( \DP{v\cos\phi}{\phi} \right)
+     \right]                                  
+   + \Dinv{\rho_0}\DP{}{z^*}\left(\rho_0 w\right)
+ =   0,
+\end{align}
+
+\begin{align}
+      \Deqlab{pe_thermal}
+         \DD{\theta}{t}  &=  Q, 
+\end{align}
+\end{subequations}
+������ $\Phi$ �ϥ����ݥƥ󥷥��ϥ���, 
+$X, Y$ �Ϥ��줾�쳰�Ϥ� $\lambda$��ʬ �� $\phi$��ʬ, 
+$\kappa=R_{d}/c_p$ ($c_p$ ��������Ǯ)�Ǥ���. 
+$Q$������Ǯ��Ǯ���,
+\begin{eqnarray*} \Deqlab{adiabatic_heating_term}
+  Q &=& \frac{J}{C_p}e^{\kappa z^*/H}
+\end{eqnarray*}
+�Ǥ���. 
+$J$ ��ñ�̼��̤����������Ǯ��ǮΨ�Ǥ���. 
+���������������ʳ����ѿ�������ˤĤ��Ƥ� 
+\Dsecref{����}, \Dsecref{EP �ե�å���} ��
+�򻲾ȤΤ���.
+
+
+\section{�����顼ʿ����������}
+
+����ʪ���� $A$ �ˤĤ���, $\phi, z^*, t$ ����ꤷ��
+���������ˤȤä�ʿ��
+\begin{eqnarray} \Deqlab{euler_mean}
+  \overline{A}(\phi, z^*, t) \equiv \Dinv{2\pi}\int_0^{2\pi} A(\lambda, \phi, z^*, t) \Dd \lambda
+\end{eqnarray}
+�򥪥��顼ʿ�ѤȸƤ�.
+�����顼ʿ�Ѥ���Τ���� $A'$ �Ȥ����
+\begin{eqnarray} \Deqlab{euler_eddy}
+  A' = A - \overline{A}
+\end{eqnarray}
+�Ǥ���. 
+����ˤ��, 
+$\overline{A'}=0$, $\partial \overline{A}/\partial\lambda = 0$
+�Ȥʤ�.
+
+\Deqref{pe} ��γ��̤򥪥��顼ʿ�ѤȤ�������Τ����ʬ���ƽ񤯤�
+\begin{subequations}\Deqlab{exp_pe}
+%  \def\theequation{\arabic{section}.\arabic{parentequation}.\arabic{equation}}
+  \begin{align}
+  \Deqlab{exp_pe_momentum_x}
+   & \DP{}{t}(\overline{u} + u') 
+          + \frac{\overline{u} + u'}{a\cos\phi}\DP{}{\lambda}(\overline{u} + u')
+          + \frac{\overline{v} + v'}{a}\DP{}{\phi}(\overline{u} + u')
+          + (\overline{w} + w')\DP{}{z^*}(\overline{u} + u') \notag\\
+   &  \qquad - \left[f + \frac{\tan\phi}{a}(\overline{u} + u')\right](\overline{v} + v')
+       + \Dinv{a\cos\phi}\DP{}{\lambda}(\overline{\Phi} + \Phi') = \overline{X} + X',\\
+  \Deqlab{exp_pe_momentum_y}
+  &  \DP{}{t}(\overline{v} + v') 
+          + \frac{\overline{u} + u'}{a\cos\phi}\DP{}{\lambda}(\overline{v} + v')
+          + \frac{\overline{v} + v'}{a}\DP{}{\phi}(\overline{v} + v')
+          + (\overline{w} + w')\DP{}{z^*}(\overline{v} + v')\notag\\
+  &  \qquad  + \left[f + \frac{\tan\phi}{a}(\overline{u} + u')\right](\overline{u} + u')
+       + \Dinv{a}\DP{}{\phi}(\overline{\Phi} + \Phi') = \overline{Y} +
+   Y',
+   \\
+  \Deqlab{exp_pe_momentum_z^*}
+  &  \DP{}{z^*}(\overline{\Phi} + \Phi') 
+       =  \frac{Re^{-\kappa z^*/H}}{H}(\overline{\theta} + \theta'),\\
+  \Deqlab{exp_pe_continuity}
+  & \Dinv{a\cos\phi} \left[\DP{}{\lambda}(\overline{u} + u')
+       + \DP{}{\phi}\{(\overline{v} + v')\cos\phi\}\right]
+       + \Dinv{\rho_0}\DP{}{z^*}[\rho_0 (\overline{w} + w')] = 0,\\
+  \Deqlab{exp_pe_thermal}
+   & \DP{}{t}(\overline{\theta} + \theta') 
+          + \frac{\overline{u} + u'}{a\cos\phi}\DP{}{\lambda}(\overline{\theta} + \theta')
+          + \frac{\overline{v} + v'}{a}\DP{}{\phi}(\overline{\theta} + \theta')
+          + (\overline{w} + w')\DP{}{z^*}(\overline{\theta} + \theta')\notag\\
+   &  \qquad = \overline{Q} + Q'
+  \end{align}
+\end{subequations}
+�Ȥʤ�. 
+�嵭���ѷ�����, ���դ�ʿ���̤�ʿ����Ʊ�Τ��Ѥι��, 
+���դˤ���ʳ��ι��ޤȤ���
+\begin{subequations}\Deqlab{exp2_pe}
+%  \def\theequation{\arabic{section}.\arabic{parentequation}.\arabic{equation}}
+  \begin{align}
+  \Deqlab{exp2_pe_momentum_x}
+  &  \DP{\overline{u}}{t}
+        + \frac{\overline{u}}{a\cos\phi}\DP{\overline{u}}{\lambda}
+        + \frac{\overline{v}}{a}\DP{\overline{u}}{\phi}
+        + \overline{w}\DP{\overline{u}}{z^*}
+        - f\overline{v} 
+        - \frac{\tan\phi}{a} \overline{u} \ \overline{v}
+        + \Dinv{a\cos\phi}\DP{\overline{\Phi}}{\lambda}
+        - \overline{X} 
+ \notag\\
+  & \qquad
+      =    - \DP{u'}{t}
+          - \frac{\overline{u}}{a\cos\phi}\DP{u'}{\lambda}
+          - \frac{u'}{a\cos\phi}\DP{\overline{u}}{\lambda}
+          - \frac{u'}{a\cos\phi}\DP{u'}{\lambda} \notag\\
+    & \qquad \qquad
+          - \frac{\overline{v}}{a}\DP{u'}{\phi}
+          - \frac{v'}{a}\DP{\overline{u}}{\phi}
+          - \frac{v'}{a}\DP{u'}{\phi}
+          - \overline{w}\DP{u'}{z^*}
+          - w'\DP{\overline{u}}{z^*}
+          - w'\DP{u'}{z^*}
+          + fv'\notag\\
+   & \qquad \qquad
+          + \frac{\tan\phi}{a} \overline{u} v'
+          + \frac{\tan\phi}{a} u' \overline{v}
+          + \frac{\tan\phi}{a} u'v'
+%\notag\\
+%    & \qquad
+          - \Dinv{a\cos\phi}\DP{\Phi'}{\lambda}
+          + X',\\
+%
+  \Deqlab{exp2_pe_momentum_y}
+  &  \DP{\overline{v}}{t} 
+        + \frac{\overline{u}}{a\cos\phi}\DP{\overline{v}}{\lambda}
+        + \frac{\overline{v}}{a}\DP{\overline{v}}{\phi}
+        + \overline{w}\DP{\overline{v}}{z^*}
+        + f\overline{u}
+        + \frac{\tan\phi}{a}(\overline{u})^2
+        + \Dinv{a}\DP{\overline{\Phi}}{\phi}
+        - \overline{Y} 
+    \notag\\
+  & \qquad 
+       =   - \DP{v'}{t}
+          - \frac{\overline{u}}{a\cos\phi}\DP{v'}{\lambda}
+          - \frac{u'}{a\cos\phi}\DP{\overline{v}}{\lambda}
+          - \frac{u'}{a\cos\phi}\DP{v'}{\lambda}\notag\\
+  & \qquad \qquad
+          - \frac{\overline{v}}{a}\DP{v'}{\phi}
+          - \frac{v'}{a}\DP{\overline{v}}{\phi}
+          - \frac{v'}{a}\DP{v'}{\phi}
+%\notag\\
+%  & \qquad \qquad
+          - \overline{w}\DP{v'}{z^*}
+          - w'\DP{\overline{v}}{z^*}
+          - w'\DP{v'}{z^*}
+%\notag\\
+%  & \qquad
+          - fu'\notag\\
+  & \qquad \qquad
+          - 2\frac{\tan\phi}{a}\overline{u}u'
+          - \frac{\tan\phi}{a}(u')^2
+%\notag\\
+%  & \qquad
+          - \Dinv{a\cos\phi}\DP{\Phi'}{\phi}
+          + Y',\\
+%
+  \Deqlab{exp2_pe_momentum_z^*}
+  &  \DP{\overline{\Phi}}{z^*} - \frac{Re^{-\kappa z^*/H}}{H}\overline{\theta}
+       = - \DP{\Phi'}{z^*} + \frac{Re^{-\kappa z^*/H}}{H}\theta',\\
+  \Deqlab{exp2_pe_continuity}
+  &  \Dinv{a\cos\phi} \left[\DP{\overline{u}}{\lambda}
+       + \DP{}{\phi}(\overline{v}\cos\phi)\right]
+       + \Dinv{\rho_0}\DP{}{z^*}(\rho_0 \overline{w}) 
+      \notag\\
+  & \qquad
+     =  - \Dinv{a\cos\phi}\left[
+           \DP{u'}{\lambda}
+         + \DP{}{\phi}(v'\cos\phi)
+       \right]
+       - \Dinv{\rho_0}\DP{}{z^*}(\rho_0 w') ,\\
+  \Deqlab{exp2_pe_thermal}
+  &  \DP{\overline{\theta}}{t}
+   + \frac{\overline{u}}{a\cos\phi}\DP{\overline{\theta}}{\lambda}
+   + \frac{\overline{v}}{a}\DP{\overline{\theta}}{\phi}
+   + \overline{w}\DP{\overline{\theta}}{z^*}
+  - \overline{Q} 
+ \notag\\
+ & \qquad
+   =  - \DP{\theta'}{t}
+      - \frac{\overline{u}}{a\cos\phi}\DP{\theta'}{\lambda}
+      - \frac{u'}{a\cos\phi}\DP{\overline{\theta}}{\lambda}
+      - \frac{u'}{a\cos\phi}\DP{\theta'}{\lambda}
+ \notag \\
+ & \qquad \qquad
+          - \frac{\overline{v}}{a}\DP{\theta'}{\phi}
+          - \frac{v'}{a}\DP{\overline{\theta}}{\phi}
+          - \frac{v'}{a}\DP{\theta'}{\phi}
+          - \overline{w}\DP{\theta'}{z^*}
+          - w'\DP{\overline{\theta}}{z^*}
+          - w'\DP{\theta'}{z^*}
+          + Q'
+  \end{align}
+\end{subequations}
+�Ƚ񤱤�. 
+\Deqref{exp2_pe} �򥪥��顼ʿ�Ѥ����, 
+\begin{subequations}\Deqlab{euler_mean_pe}
+%  \def\theequation{\arabic{section}.\arabic{parentequation}.\arabic{equation}}
+  \begin{align}
+  \Deqlab{euler_mean_pe_momentum_x}
+  &  \DP{\overline{u}}{t}
+        + \Dinv{a}\overline{v}\DP{\overline{u}}{\phi}
+        + \overline{w}\DP{\overline{u}}{z^*}
+        - f\overline{v} 
+        - \frac{\tan\phi}{a} \overline{u} \ \overline{v}
+        - \overline{X} 
+      \notag\\
+  & \qquad
+    =    - \Dinv{a\cos\phi}\overline{u'\DP{u'}{\lambda}}
+          - \Dinv{a}\overline{v'\DP{u'}{\phi}}
+          - \overline{w'\DP{u'}{z^*}}
+          + \frac{\tan\phi}{a}\overline{u'v'},\\
+%
+\Deqlab{euler_mean_pe_momentum_y}
+  &   \DP{\overline{v}}{t}
+    + \frac{\overline{v}}{a}\DP{\overline{v}}{\phi}
+    + \overline{w} \DP{\overline{v}}{z^*}
+    + f \overline{u}
+    + \frac{\tan \phi}{a} (\overline{u})^2
+    + \Dinv{a}\DP{\overline{\Phi}}{\phi}
+    - \overline{Y}
+     \notag\\
+  & \qquad
+  = - \Dinv{a \cos \phi} \overline{ u' \DP{v'}{\lambda} }
+    - \Dinv{a} \overline{{v'}\DP{v'}{\phi}}
+    - \overline{w'\DP{v'}{z^*}}
+    - \frac{\tan \phi}{a} \overline{u'^2},\\
+%
+\Deqlab{euler_mean_pe_momentum_z^*}
+  &  \DP{\overline{\Phi}}{z^*} 
+     - \frac{Re^{-\kappa z^*/H}}{H}\overline{\theta} = 0,\\
+  \Deqlab{euler_mean_pe_continuity}
+  &  \Dinv{a\cos\phi}
+     \left[
+       \DP{}{\phi}(\overline{v}\cos\phi)
+     \right]
+       + \Dinv{\rho_0}\DP{}{z^*}(\rho_0 \overline{w}) 
+       = 0,\\
+%
+  \Deqlab{euler_mean_pe_thermal}
+  &  \DP{\overline{\theta}}{t}
+        + \frac{\overline{v}}{a}\DP{\overline{\theta}}{\phi}
+        + \overline{w}\DP{\overline{\theta}}{z^*}
+        - \overline{Q} =
+          - \Dinv{a\cos\phi}\overline{u'\DP{\theta'}{\lambda}}
+          - \Dinv{a}\overline{v'\DP{\theta'}{\phi}}
+          - \overline{w'\DP{\theta'}{z^*}}
+  \end{align}
+\end{subequations}
+�Ȥʤ�. 
+������ \Deqref{exp2_pe_continuity}, \Deqref{euler_mean_pe_continuity}
+��������ʿ�Ѥ���Τ���˴ؤ���Ϣ³�μ�
+\begin{eqnarray} \Deqlab{euler_eddy_pe_continuity}
+    \Dinv{a\cos\phi}\left[\DP{u'}{\lambda}
+       + \DP{}{\phi}(v'\cos\phi)\right]
+       + \Dinv{\rho_0}\DP{}{z^*}(\rho_0 w') 
+       = 0
+\end{eqnarray}
+��������. 
+
+\vspace{5mm}
+
+\Deqref{euler_eddy_pe_continuity} ��Ȥä�
+\Deqref{euler_mean_pe_momentum_x} ���ѷ�����.
+\Deqref{euler_eddy_pe_continuity} �� $u'$ �򤫤���
+�����顼ʿ�Ѥ�Ȥ��
+\begin{eqnarray}
+     \Dinv{a \cos \phi} \overline{u'  \DP{u'}{\lambda}}
+   + \Dinv{a} \overline{ u'  \DP{v'}{\phi} }
+   - \frac{\tan \phi}{a} \overline{ u'  v' }
+   + \overline{ u'  \DP{w'}{z^*} }
+   + \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{\rho_0}{z^*} \overline{ u' w' } 
+       = 0
+\end{eqnarray}
+����� \Deqref{euler_mean_pe_momentum_x} �˲ä����
+\begin{align*}
+    \DP{\overline{u}}{t}&
+        + \Dinv{a}\overline{v}\DP{\overline{u}}{\phi}
+        + \overline{w}\DP{\overline{u}}{z^*}
+        - f\overline{v} 
+        - \frac{\tan\phi}{a}\overline{u}\overline{v}
+        - \overline{X} \notag\\
+& =     - \frac{2}{a\cos\phi} \overline{u'\DP{u'}{\lambda}}
+        - \Dinv{a}\overline{v'\DP{u'}{\phi}}
+        - \overline{w'\DP{u'}{z^*}}
+%\notag\\
+%    & 
+        - \Dinv{a}\overline{u'\DP{v'}{\phi}}
+        + \frac{2\tan\phi}{a}\overline{u'v'}
+        - \overline{u'\DP{w'}{z^*}}
+        - \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{\rho_0}{z^*} \overline{u'w'}
+\end{align*}
+������
+\begin{align*}
+     - \frac{2}{a\cos\phi} \overline{ u' \DP{u'}{\lambda} }
+ & = - \Dinv{a\cos\phi}\overline{\DP{(u')^2}{\lambda}}
+   = 0,\\
+%
+     - \Dinv{a}\overline{v'\DP{u'}{\phi}}
+     - \Dinv{a}\overline{u'\DP{v'}{\phi}}
+     + \frac{2\tan\phi}{a}\overline{u'v'}
+ & = - \Dinv{a\cos^2\phi}\DP{}{\phi}(\overline{v'u'}\cos^2\phi), \\
+%
+     - \overline{w'\DP{u'}{z^*}}
+     - \overline{u'\DP{w'}{z^*}}
+     - \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{\rho_0}{z^*} \overline{u'w'}
+ & = - \Dinv{\rho_0}\DP{}{z^*}(\rho_0\overline{w'u'})
+\end{align*}
+���Ѥ����,
+\begin{align*}
+ &  \DP{\overline{u}}{t}
+   + \Dinv{a}\overline{v}\DP{\overline{u}}{\phi}
+   + \overline{w}\DP{\overline{u}}{z^*}
+   - f\overline{v} 
+   - \frac{\tan\phi}{a} \overline{u} \ \overline{v}
+   - \overline{X}
+      \notag \\
+ & \qquad
+  =  - \Dinv{a\cos^2\phi}\DP{}{\phi}(\overline{v'u'}\cos^2\phi)
+   - \Dinv{\rho_0}\DP{}{z^*}(\rho_0\overline{w'u'})
+\end{align*}
+�Ƚ񤯤��Ȥ��Ǥ���.  
+\Deqref{euler_mean_pe_momentum_y} �˴ؤ��Ƥ�Ʊ�ͤ�, 
+\Deqref{euler_eddy_pe_continuity} �� $v'$ �򤫤���
+�����顼ʿ�Ѥ�Ȥä���
+\begin{eqnarray}
+     \Dinv{a \cos \phi} \overline{ v' \DP{u'}{\lambda} }
+   + \Dinv{a} \overline{ v' \DP{v'}{\phi} }
+   + \frac{\tan \phi}{a} \overline{ v'^2 }
+   + \overline{ v'  \DP{w'}{z^*} }
+   + \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{\rho_0}{z^*} \overline{ v' w' } 
+ =   0
+\end{eqnarray}
+�� \Deqref{euler_mean_pe_momentum_y} �˲ä����
+\begin{align*}
+ &     \DP{\overline{v}}{t}
+     + \frac{\overline{v}}{a} \DP{\overline{v}}{\phi}
+     + \overline{w} \DP{\overline{v}}{z^*}
+     + f \overline{u}
+     + \frac{\tan\phi}{a} (\overline{u})^2
+     + \Dinv{a} \DP{\overline{\Phi}}{\phi}
+     - \overline{Y}
+     \notag\\
+ & \qquad
+   = - \Dinv{a\cos\phi}\overline{u'\DP{v'}{\lambda}}
+     - \Dinv{a}\overline{{v'}\DP{v'}{\phi}}
+     - \overline{w'\DP{v'}{z^*}}
+     - \frac{\tan\phi}{a} \overline{u'^2}
+     \notag\\
+ & \qquad \qquad
+     -  \Dinv{a \cos \phi} \overline{v'  \DP{u'}{\lambda}}
+     - \Dinv{a} \overline{ v'  \DP{v'}{\phi} }
+     + \frac{\tan \phi}{a} \overline{ v'^2 }
+     - \overline{ v'  \DP{w'}{z^*} }
+     - \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{\rho_0}{z^*} \overline{ v' w' }
+\end{align*}
+��������. 
+������
+\begin{eqnarray}
+       - \Dinv{a\cos\phi}\overline{u'\DP{v'}{\lambda}}
+       - \Dinv{a \cos \phi} \overline{v'  \DP{u'}{\lambda}}
+& = & - \Dinv{a\cos\phi}\overline{\DP{(u' v')}{\lambda}}
+  = 0, \nonumber \\
+%
+      - \Dinv{a} \overline{ v' \DP{v'}{\phi} }
+      - \Dinv{a} \overline{ v' \DP{v'}{\phi} }
+      + \frac{\tan \phi}{a} \overline{ v'^2 }
+& = & 
+      - \Dinv{a \cos \phi} 
+        \DP{}{\phi} \left( \cos \phi \overline{v'^2} \right)
+   \nonumber \\
+%
+   - \overline{w'\DP{v'}{z^*}}
+   - \overline{ v'  \DP{w'}{z^*} }
+   - \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{\rho_0}{z^*} \overline{ v' w' }
+& = & 
+   - \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*} \left( \rho_0 \overline{ v' w' } \right)
+\end{eqnarray}
+���Ѥ����
+\begin{align*}
+ &      \DP{\overline{v}}{t}
+      + \frac{\overline{v}}{a} \DP{\overline{v}}{\phi}
+      + \overline{w}\ DP{\overline{v}}{z^*}
+      + f \overline{u}
+      + \frac{\tan\phi}{a}(\overline{u})^2
+      + \Dinv{a} \DP{\overline{\Phi}}{\phi}
+      - \overline{Y}
+     \notag\\
+ & \qquad 
+   =  - \Dinv{a \cos \phi} 
+        \DP{}{\phi} \left( \cos \phi \overline{v'^2} \right)
+      - \frac{\tan\phi}{a} \overline{u'^2}
+      - \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*} \left( \rho_0 \overline{ v' w' } \right)
+\end{align*}
+�Ƚ񤯤��Ȥ��Ǥ���.
+\Deqref{euler_mean_pe_thermal} �ˤĤ��Ƥ�Ʊ�ͤ�, 
+\Deqref{euler_eddy_pe_continuity} �� $\theta'$ �򤫤���
+�����顼ʿ�Ѥ�Ȥä���
+\begin{eqnarray}
+     \Dinv{a \cos \phi} \overline{\theta'  \DP{u'}{\lambda}}
+   + \Dinv{a} \overline{ \theta'  \DP{v'}{\phi} }
+   - \frac{\tan \phi}{a} \overline{ \theta' v' }
+   + \overline{ \theta'  \DP{w'}{z^*} }
+   + \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{\rho_0}{z^*} \overline{ \theta' w' } 
+       = 0
+\end{eqnarray}
+�� \Deqref{euler_mean_pe_thermal} �˲ä����
+\begin{align*}
+   &  \DP{\overline{\theta}}{t}
+        + \frac{\overline{v}}{a}\DP{\overline{\theta}}{\phi}
+        + \overline{w}\DP{\overline{\theta}}{z^*}
+        - \overline{Q} 
+     \notag\\
+  & \qquad = 
+          - \Dinv{a\cos\phi}\overline{u'\DP{\theta'}{\lambda}}
+          - \Dinv{a}\overline{v'\DP{\theta'}{\phi}}
+          - \overline{w'\DP{\theta'}{z^*}}
+     \notag\\
+  & \qquad \qquad
+   -  \Dinv{a \cos \phi} \overline{\theta'  \DP{u'}{\lambda}}
+   - \Dinv{a} \overline{ \theta'  \DP{v'}{\phi} }
+   + \frac{\tan \phi}{a} \overline{ \theta' v' }
+   - \overline{ \theta'  \DP{w'}{z^*} }
+   - \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{\rho_0}{z^*} \overline{ \theta' w' } 
+\end{align*}
+��������.
+������
+\begin{eqnarray}
+       - \Dinv{a \cos \phi}\overline{u' \DP{\theta'}{\lambda}}
+       - \Dinv{a \cos \phi} \overline{\theta'  \DP{u'}{\lambda}}
+& = & - \Dinv{a\cos\phi}\overline{\DP{(u' \theta')}{\lambda}}
+  = 0, \nonumber \\
+%
+      - \Dinv{a} \overline{ v' \DP{\theta'}{\phi} }
+      - \Dinv{a} \overline{ \theta' \DP{v'}{\phi} }
+      + \frac{\tan \phi}{a} \overline{ \theta' v' }
+& = & 
+      - \Dinv{a \cos \phi} 
+        \DP{}{\phi} \left( \cos \phi \overline{v' \theta'} \right)
+   \nonumber \\
+%
+   - \overline{w'\DP{\theta'}{z^*}}
+   - \overline{ \theta'  \DP{w'}{z^*} }
+   - \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{\rho_0}{z^*} \overline{  \theta' w'  }
+& = & 
+   - \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*} \left( \rho_0 \overline{ w' \theta' } \right) 
+             \nonumber
+\end{eqnarray}
+���Ѥ����
+\begin{align*}
+   &  \DP{\overline{\theta}}{t}
+        + \frac{\overline{v}}{a}\DP{\overline{\theta}}{\phi}
+        + \overline{w}\DP{\overline{\theta}}{z^*}
+        - \overline{Q} 
+ =     - \Dinv{a \cos \phi} 
+        \DP{}{\phi} \left( \cos \phi \overline{v' \theta'} \right)
+      - \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*} \left( \rho_0 \overline{ w' \theta' } \right) 
+\end{align*}
+�Ȥʤ�.
+
+\vspace{5mm}
+
+�ʾ��ޤȤ���, �ʲ���{\bfseries �����顼ʿ��������}��������.
+\begin{screen}
+\begin{subequations}
+\Deqlab{new_euler_mean_pe}
+%\setcounter{equation}{0} 
+%\begin{itemize}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%\item ��ư������
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\begin{align}
+\Deqlab{new_euler_mean_pe_momentum_x}
+       \DP{\overline{u}}{t}
+ &   + \Dinv{a}\overline{v} \DP{\overline{u}}{\phi}
+     + \overline{w} \DP{\overline{u}}{z^*}
+     - f\overline{v} 
+     - \frac{\tan\phi}{a} \overline{u} \ \overline{v}
+     - \overline{X} 
+             \notag\\ 
+ & \qquad
+   = - \Dinv{a\cos^2\phi} 
+       \DP{}{\phi} (\overline{v'u'} \cos^2 \phi)
+     - \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*}(\rho_0\overline{w'u'}),\\
+%
+\Deqlab{new_euler_mean_pe_momentum_y}
+       \DP{\overline{v}}{t}
+ &   + \frac{\overline{v}}{a} \DP{\overline{v}}{\phi}
+     + \overline{w} \DP{\overline{v}}{z^*}
+     + f \overline{u}
+     + \frac{\tan\phi}{a} (\overline{u})^2
+     + \Dinv{a} \DP{\overline{\Phi}}{\phi}
+     - \overline{Y}
+      \notag\\
+ & \qquad
+   = - \Dinv{a\cos\phi}\DP{}{\phi}(\overline{v'^2} \cos\phi)
+     - \Dinv{\rho_0}\DP{}{z^*}(\rho_0\overline{v' w'})
+     - \overline{u'^2}\frac{\tan\phi}{a},
+\end{align}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%\item �ſ尵ʿ�դμ�
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 
+\begin{align}
+\Deqlab{new_euler_mean_pe_momentum_z^*}
+        \DP{\overline{\Phi}}{z^*} - \frac{Re^{-\kappa z^*/H}}{H}\overline{\theta} = 0,
+    \end{align}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%\item Ϣ³�μ�
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 
+\begin{align}    
+      \Deqlab{new_euler_mean_pe_continuity}
+        \Dinv{a\cos\phi}&
+       \DP{}{\phi}(\overline{v}\cos\phi)
+       + \Dinv{\rho_0}\DP{}{z^*}(\rho_0 \overline{w}) 
+       = 0,
+\end{align}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%\item Ǯ�ϳؤμ�
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 
+\begin{align}
+      \Deqlab{new_euler_mean_pe_thermal}
+       \DP{\overline{\theta}}{t}
+        + \frac{\overline{v}}{a}\DP{\overline{\theta}}{\phi}
+        + \overline{w}\DP{\overline{\theta}}{z^*}
+        - \overline{Q} =
+		- \Dinv{a\cos\phi}\DP{}{\phi}(\overline{v'\theta'}\cos\phi)
+		- \Dinv{\rho_0}\DP{}{z^*}(\rho_0\overline{w'\theta'}).
+\end{align}
+%\end{itemize}
+ \end{subequations}
+\end{screen}
+
+
+\section{�ѷ������顼ʿ����������}
+
+\Deqref{new_euler_mean_pe} �� EP �ե�å���, �ĺ��۴Ĥ��Ѥ��ƽ�ľ��.
+EP �ե�å���, �ĺ��۴Ĥϰʲ��Τ褦���������.
+\begin{subequations}
+%  \begin{itemize}
+    %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+ %   \item �ĺ��۴�
+    %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+    \begin{align}
+       \Deqlab{residual_v_app}
+	\overline{v}^* 
+	& =
+     \overline{v} 
+	- \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*}
+	\left( \rho_0 
+	 \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+	 {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+	\right)
+	\\
+       \Deqlab{residual_w_app} 
+                  \overline{w}^* 
+     & =    \overline{w} 
+                + \Dinv{a \cos\phi} 
+                  \DP{}{\phi}
+                  \left( \cos \phi 
+                         \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                              {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+                  \right)
+    \end{align}
+ \end{subequations}
+    %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%    \item EP �ե�å���
+    %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+    \begin{eqnarray*}
+        {F_\phi} &=& \rho_0 a
+        \cos \phi \left(\DP{\overline{u}}{\overline{z^*}}
+        \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}{\DP{\overline{\theta}}{z^*}} -
+     \overline{u'v'}\right) \\
+        {F_z^*} &=& \rho_0 a
+        \cos \phi \left(\left[ f - \frac{\DP{\overline{u}\cos \phi}{\phi}}{a\cos\phi} \right]
+       \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}{\DP{\overline{\theta}}{z^*}} -
+     \overline{u'w'}\right) 
+    \end{eqnarray*}
+%  \end{itemize}
+
+
+\vspace{5mm}
+
+�ޤ�Ϣ³�μ���񤭴�����.
+\Deqref{new_euler_mean_pe_continuity} ��
+\Deqref{residual_v_app}, \Deqref{residual_w_app} �����������
+\begin{align*}    
+&    \Dinv{a \cos \phi}
+     \DP{}{\phi}\left[
+     \left\{ 
+             \overline{v}^* 
+           + \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*}
+             \left( \rho_0 
+                    \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                         {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+             \right)
+     \right\}
+     \cos\phi \right] \\
+& \qquad
+   + \Dinv{\rho_0}
+     \DP{}{z^*} 
+     \left[ \rho_0 
+         \left\{
+              \overline{w}^* 
+            - \Dinv{a \cos\phi} 
+              \DP{}{\phi}
+              \left( \cos \phi 
+                         \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                              {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+              \right)
+       \right\}
+     \right]
+       = 0, \\
+%
+& 
+     \Dinv{a \cos \phi}
+     \DP{}{\phi}
+     \left(
+             \overline{v}^* \cos\phi
+     \right)
+   + \Dinv{\rho_0}
+     \DP{}{z^*} 
+     \left( \rho_0  \overline{w}^*  \right) 
+            \\
+& \qquad
+   + \Dinv{a \cos \phi}
+     \DP{}{\phi}
+     \left\{ 
+            \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*}
+             \left( \rho_0 
+                    \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                         {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+             \right) \cos\phi
+     \right\}
+   - \Dinv{\rho_0}
+     \DP{}{z^*} 
+     \left\{
+             \rho_0  \Dinv{a \cos\phi} 
+              \DP{}{\phi}
+              \left( \cos \phi 
+                         \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                              {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+              \right)
+       \right\}
+       = 0.
+\end{align*}
+�����軰�����͹��������Ф���
+\begin{align*}
+& \qquad 
+     \Dinv{a \cos \phi}
+     \DP{}{\phi}
+     \left\{ 
+            \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*}
+             \left( \rho_0 
+                    \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                         {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+             \right) \cos\phi
+     \right\}
+   - \Dinv{\rho_0}
+     \DP{}{z^*} 
+     \left\{
+             \rho_0  \Dinv{a \cos\phi} 
+              \DP{}{\phi}
+              \left( \cos \phi 
+                         \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                              {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+              \right)
+       \right\} \\
+& = 
+     \Dinv{a \cos \phi}
+     \left[
+        \DP{}{\phi}
+        \left\{ 
+            \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*}
+             \left( \rho_0 
+                    \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                         {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+              \right) \cos\phi
+         \right\}
+       - \Dinv{\rho_0}
+         \DP{}{z^*} 
+         \left\{
+             \rho_0 
+              \DP{}{\phi}
+              \left( \cos \phi 
+                         \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                              {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+              \right)
+         \right\}
+     \right]
+ \\
+& = 
+     \Dinv{a \cos \phi}
+     \left[
+        \Dinv{\rho_0}
+        \DP{}{\phi}
+        \left\{ 
+             \DP{}{z^*}
+             \left( \rho_0 
+                    \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                         {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+                    \cos\phi
+              \right) 
+         \right\}
+       - \Dinv{\rho_0}
+         \DP{}{z^*} 
+         \left\{
+              \DP{}{\phi}
+              \left(\rho_0  \cos \phi 
+                         \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                              {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+              \right)
+         \right\}
+     \right]
+ \\
+& = 0.
+\end{align*}
+�������ä�, Ϣ³�μ��ϰʲ��Τ褦�ˤʤ�.
+\begin{eqnarray}
+      \Dinv{a \cos \phi}
+     \DP{}{\phi}
+     \left(
+             \overline{v}^* \cos\phi
+     \right)
+   + \Dinv{\rho_0}
+     \DP{}{z^*} 
+     \left( \rho_0  \overline{w}^*  \right) = 0.
+\end{eqnarray}
+
+
+\vspace{5mm}
+
+
+���� $u$ �μ���񤭴�����.
+\Deqref{new_euler_mean_pe_momentum_x} ��
+\Deqref{residual_v_app}, \Deqref{residual_w_app} �����������
+\begin{align}
+     \DP{\overline{u}}{t}&
+   + \Dinv{a}
+     \left[ 
+             \overline{v}^* 
+           + \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*}
+             \left( \rho_0 
+                    \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                         {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+             \right)
+     \right]
+     \DP{\overline{u}}{\phi}
+   + \left[
+              \overline{w}^* 
+            - \Dinv{a \cos\phi} 
+              \DP{}{\phi}
+              \left( \cos \phi 
+                         \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                              {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+              \right)
+     \right]
+     \DP{\overline{u}}{z^*} \nonumber  \\
+& \qquad \qquad
+   - f 
+          \left[ 
+             \overline{v}^* 
+           + \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*}
+             \left( \rho_0 
+                    \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                         {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+             \right)
+     \right]
+   - \frac{\tan \phi}{a} \overline{u} 
+     \left[ 
+             \overline{v}^* 
+           + \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*}
+             \left( \rho_0 
+                    \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                         {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+             \right)
+     \right]
+   - \overline{X} 
+             \nonumber \\ & \qquad
+ = - \Dinv{a\cos^2\phi} \DP{}{\phi} (\overline{v'u'} \cos^2 \phi)
+   - \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*} (\rho_0\overline{w'u'}),\nonumber \\
+%
+     \DP{\overline{u}}{t}&
+   + \frac{\overline{v}^*}{a} \DP{\overline{u}}{\phi}
+   + \overline{w}^* \DP{\overline{u}}{z^*}
+   - f \overline{v}^* 
+   - \frac{\tan \phi}{a} \overline{u} \  \overline{v}^* 
+   - \overline{X}   \nonumber \\ 
+  & \qquad
+ = - \Dinv{a\cos^2\phi} \DP{}{\phi} (\overline{v'u'} \cos^2 \phi)
+   + \Dinv{a \cos\phi} 
+              \DP{}{\phi}
+              \left( \cos \phi 
+                         \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                              {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+              \right) \DP{\overline{u}}{z^*} \nonumber \\
+ & \qquad \qquad
+   + f \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*}
+     \left( \rho_0 
+                    \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                         {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+     \right)
+   - \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*} (\rho_0\overline{w'u'})
+  \nonumber \\
+ & \qquad \qquad
+   - \Dinv{\rho_0 a} \DP{}{z^*}
+     \left( \rho_0 
+                    \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                         {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+     \right)
+     \DP{\overline{u}}{\phi}
+   + \frac{\tan \phi}{a} \overline{u}  \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*}
+     \left( \rho_0 
+                    \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                         {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+     \right), \nonumber \\
+%
+     \DP{\overline{u}}{t}&
+   + \frac{\overline{v}^*}{a \cos \phi} \DP{}{\phi} 
+     \left(  \overline{u} \cos \phi \right)
+   + \overline{w}^* \DP{\overline{u}}{z^*}
+   - f \overline{v}^* 
+   - \overline{X} 
+             \nonumber \\ & \qquad
+ = - \Dinv{\rho_0 a^2 \cos^2 \phi} 
+     \DP{}{\phi} (\rho_0 a \overline{v'u'} \cos^2 \phi)
+   + \Dinv{a \cos\phi} 
+              \DP{}{\phi}
+              \left( \cos \phi 
+                         \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                              {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+              \right) \DP{\overline{u}}{z^*}
+    \nonumber \\
+ & \qquad \qquad
+   + \frac{1}{\rho_0 a \cos \phi} 
+     \DP{}{z^*}
+     \left( f \rho_0  a \cos \phi 
+            \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                 {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+     \right)
+   - \frac{1}{\rho_0 a \cos \phi} 
+     \DP{}{z^*} (\rho_0 a \cos \phi  \overline{w'u'})
+  \nonumber \\
+ & \qquad \qquad
+   - \Dinv{\rho_0 a} \DP{}{z^*}
+     \left( \rho_0 
+                    \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                         {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+     \right)
+     \DP{\overline{u}}{\phi}
+   + \frac{\tan \phi}{a} \overline{u}  \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*}
+     \left( \rho_0 
+                    \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                         {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+     \right) \Deqlab{tem-u-tochuu}
+\end{align}
+\Deqref{tem-u-tochuu} �α��դ�ʲ��Τ褦���ѷ�����.
+\begin{align}
+&   - \Dinv{\rho_0 a^2 \cos^2 \phi} 
+     \DP{}{\phi} (\rho_0 a \overline{v'u'} \cos^2 \phi)
+   + \Dinv{\rho_0 a^2 \cos^2 \phi} 
+     \rho_0 a \cos \phi
+     \DP{\overline{u}}{z^*}
+     \DP{}{\phi}
+     \left( \cos \phi 
+            \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                 {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+     \right) 
+                     \nonumber \\
+ & \qquad \qquad
+   + \frac{1}{\rho_0 a \cos \phi} 
+     \DP{}{z^*}
+     \left( f \rho_0  a \cos \phi 
+            \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                 {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+     \right)
+   - \frac{1}{\rho_0 a \cos \phi} 
+     \DP{}{z^*} (\rho_0 a \cos \phi  \overline{w'u'})
+                     \nonumber  \\
+ & \qquad \qquad
+   - \Dinv{\rho_0 a} \DP{}{z^*}
+     \left( \rho_0 
+                    \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                         {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+            \DP{\overline{u}}{\phi}     
+     \right)
+   + \Dinv{\rho_0 a} 
+     \rho_0 
+     \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+          {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+     \DP{}{z^*}
+     \left( 
+            \DP{\overline{u}}{\phi}
+     \right)   \nonumber \\
+& \qquad \qquad
+   + \frac{\tan \phi}{\rho_0 a}
+     \DP{}{z^*}
+     \left( \overline{u} \rho_0 
+            \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                 {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+     \right)
+   - \frac{\tan \phi}{\rho_0 a}
+     \rho_0 
+     \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+          {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+     \DP{}{z^*}
+     \left( \overline{u}
+     \right)         \nonumber  \\
+%
+& =
+     \Dinv{\rho_0 a^2 \cos^2 \phi} 
+     \left[
+      -  \DP{}{\phi} (\rho_0 a \overline{v'u'} \cos^2 \phi)
+      +  \rho_0 a \cos \phi
+     \DP{\overline{u}}{z^*}
+     \DP{}{\phi}
+     \left( \cos \phi 
+                         \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                              {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+          \right) 
+     \right]                 \nonumber     \\
+ & \qquad
+   + \Dinv{\rho_0 a} 
+     \rho_0 
+     \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+          {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+     \DP{}{z^*}
+     \left( 
+            \DP{\overline{u}}{\phi}
+     \right) 
+   - \frac{\tan \phi}{\rho_0 a}
+     \rho_0 
+     \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+          {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+     \DP{\overline{u}}{z^*}             \nonumber  \\
+ & \qquad
+   + \frac{1}{\rho_0 a \cos \phi} 
+     \DP{}{z^*}
+     \left[
+         \left( f \rho_0  a \cos \phi 
+            \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                 {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+         \right)
+       - \rho_0 a \cos \phi  \overline{w'u'}
+     \right]                \nonumber   \\
+ & \qquad
+   - \Dinv{\rho_0 a} \DP{}{z^*}
+     \left( \rho_0 
+                    \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                         {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+            \DP{\overline{u}}{\phi}     
+     \right)
+   + \frac{\tan \phi}{\rho_0 a}
+     \DP{}{z^*}
+     \left( \overline{u} \rho_0 
+            \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                 {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+     \right)          \nonumber      \\
+%
+& =
+     \Dinv{\rho_0 a^2 \cos^2 \phi} 
+     \left[
+      -  \DP{}{\phi} (\rho_0 a \overline{v'u'} \cos^2 \phi)
+      +  \rho_0 a \cos \phi
+     \DP{\overline{u}}{z^*}
+     \DP{}{\phi}
+     \left( \cos \phi 
+                         \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                              {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+          \right) 
+     \right]                  \nonumber     \\
+ & \qquad
+   + \Dinv{\rho_0 a^2 \cos^2 \phi} 
+     \left[
+        \rho_0 a \cos^2 \phi
+        \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+             {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+        \DP{}{z^*}
+        \left( 
+             \DP{\overline{u}}{\phi}
+        \right) 
+      - \rho_0 a \cos^2 \phi \tan \phi
+        \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+          {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+        \DP{\overline{u}}{z^*}
+     \right]                \nonumber   \\
+ & \qquad
+   + \frac{1}{\rho_0 a \cos \phi} 
+     \DP{}{z^*}
+     \left[
+         \left( f \rho_0  a \cos \phi 
+            \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                 {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+         \right)
+       - \rho_0 a \cos \phi  \overline{w'u'}
+     \right]                \nonumber   \\
+ & \qquad
+   + \Dinv{\rho_0 a \cos \phi} 
+     \left[
+       - \cos \phi
+         \DP{}{z^*}
+         \left( \rho_0 
+                \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                     {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+                \DP{\overline{u}}{\phi}     
+          \right)
+       + \cos \phi \tan \phi
+         \DP{}{z^*}
+         \left( \overline{u} \rho_0 
+            \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                 {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+         \right)
+     \right]                   \nonumber      \\
+%
+& =  \Dinv{\rho_0 a^2 \cos^2 \phi} 
+     \left[
+      -  \DP{}{\phi} (\rho_0 a \overline{v'u'} \cos^2 \phi)
+      +  \rho_0 a \cos \phi
+     \DP{\overline{u}}{z^*}
+     \DP{}{\phi}
+     \left( \cos \phi 
+            \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                 {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+     \right) 
+     \right]              \nonumber     \\
+ & \qquad
+   + \Dinv{\rho_0 a^2 \cos^2 \phi} 
+     \left[
+        \rho_0 a \cos^2 \phi
+        \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+             {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+        \DP{}{\phi}
+        \left( 
+             \DP{\overline{u}}{z^*}
+        \right) 
+      + \cos \phi \DP{}{\phi} \left( \rho_0 a \cos \phi \right)
+        \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+          {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+        \DP{\overline{u}}{z^*}
+     \right]          \nonumber     \\
+ & \qquad
+   + \frac{1}{\rho_0 a \cos \phi} 
+     \DP{}{z^*}
+     \left[
+         f \rho_0  a \cos \phi 
+            \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                 {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+       - \rho_0 a \cos \phi  \overline{w'u'}
+     \right]                   \nonumber   \\
+ & \qquad
+   + \Dinv{\rho_0 a \cos \phi} 
+     \DP{}{z^*}
+     \left[
+       - \rho_0 \cos \phi
+         \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+              {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+         \DP{\overline{u}}{\phi}     
+       + \sin \phi \overline{u} \rho_0 
+         \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+              {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+     \right]
+    \Deqlab{tem-u-uhen}
+\end{align}
+\Deqref{tem-u-uhen} ���������������������
+\begin{align*}
+%
+&   \Dinv{\rho_0 a^2 \cos^2 \phi} 
+    \left[
+      -  \DP{}{\phi} (\rho_0 a \overline{v'u'} \cos^2 \phi)
+      +  \rho_0 a \cos \phi
+     \DP{\overline{u}}{z^*}
+     \DP{}{\phi}
+     \left( \cos \phi 
+                         \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                              {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+          \right) 
+     \right] 
+    \\
+ & \qquad
+   + \Dinv{\rho_0 a^2 \cos^2 \phi} 
+     \left[
+        \rho_0 a \cos^2 \phi
+        \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+             {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+        \DP{}{\phi}
+        \left( 
+             \DP{\overline{u}}{z^*}
+        \right) 
+      + \cos \phi \DP{}{\phi} \left( \rho_0 a \cos \phi \right)
+        \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+          {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+        \DP{\overline{u}}{z^*}
+     \right]
+    \\
+%
+& =
+     \Dinv{\rho_0 a^2 \cos^2 \phi} 
+     \left[
+      -  \DP{}{\phi} (\rho_0 a \overline{v'u'} \cos^2 \phi)
+     \right] 
+    \\
+ & \qquad
+   + \Dinv{\rho_0 a^2 \cos^2 \phi} 
+     \left[
+        \rho_0 a \cos^2 \phi
+        \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+             {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+        \DP{}{\phi}
+        \left( 
+             \DP{\overline{u}}{z^*}
+        \right) 
+      +  \DP{\overline{u}}{z^*}
+         \DP{}{\phi}
+         \left(\rho_0 a \cos^2 \phi
+                         \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                              {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+          \right) 
+     \right]
+    \\
+%
+& =
+     \Dinv{\rho_0 a^2 \cos^2 \phi} 
+     \left[
+      -  \DP{}{\phi} (\rho_0 a \overline{v'u'} \cos^2 \phi)
+     \right] 
+   + \Dinv{\rho_0 a^2 \cos^2 \phi} 
+     \left[
+         \DP{}{\phi}
+         \left(\rho_0 a \cos^2 \phi
+                         \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                              {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+               \DP{\overline{u}}{z^*}
+          \right) 
+     \right]
+    \\
+%
+& = \Dinv{\rho_0 a^2 \cos^2 \phi} 
+    \DP{}{\phi}
+    \left[
+         -  \rho_0 a \overline{v'u'} \cos^2 \phi
+         +  \rho_0 a \cos^2 \phi
+                         \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                              {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+               \DP{\overline{u}}{z^*}
+     \right] 
+    \\
+%
+& = \Dinv{\rho_0 a^2 \cos^2 \phi} 
+    \DP{}{\phi}
+    \left[
+           \rho_0 a \cos^2 \phi
+            \left\{
+                 \DP{\overline{u}}{z^*}
+                 \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                      {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+              -  \overline{v'u'}
+            \right\}
+     \right] 
+    \\
+%
+& = \Dinv{\rho_0 a^2 \cos^2 \phi} 
+    \DP{}{\phi}
+    \left(
+           \cos \phi F^{*}_{\phi}
+    \right)
+\end{align*}
+\Deqref{tem-u-uhen} ���軰�����͹�������Ф���
+\begin{align*}
+ &
+    \frac{1}{\rho_0 a \cos \phi} 
+     \DP{}{z^*}
+     \left[
+         f \rho_0  a \cos \phi 
+            \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                 {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+       - \rho_0 a \cos \phi  \overline{w'u'}
+     \right]
+%  \\
+% & \qquad
+   + \Dinv{\rho_0 a \cos \phi} 
+     \DP{}{z^*}
+     \left[
+       - \rho_0 \cos \phi
+         \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+              {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+         \DP{\overline{u}}{\phi}     
+       + \sin \phi \overline{u} \rho_0 
+         \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+              {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+     \right]
+     \\
+& = 
+    \frac{1}{\rho_0 a \cos \phi} 
+     \DP{}{z^*}
+     \left[
+        \rho_0  a \cos \phi 
+        \left\{
+             f \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                 {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+          -  \overline{w'u'}
+          -  \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+              {a \overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+             \DP{\overline{u}}{\phi}     
+          + \sin \phi \overline{u} 
+            \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+              {a \cos \phi \overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+        \right\}
+     \right]
+  \\
+& = 
+    \frac{1}{\rho_0 a \cos \phi} 
+     \DP{}{z^*}
+     \left[
+        \rho_0  a \cos \phi 
+        \left\{
+             f \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                 {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+          - \left( 
+                \cos \phi
+                \DP{\overline{u}}{\phi}     
+              - \sin \phi \overline{u} 
+            \right) 
+            \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                 {a  \cos \phi \overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+          -  \overline{w'u'}
+        \right\}
+     \right]
+  \\
+& = 
+    \frac{1}{\rho_0 a \cos \phi} 
+     \DP{}{z^*}
+     \left[
+        \rho_0  a \cos \phi 
+        \left\{
+             f \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                 {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+          - \DP{(\overline{u} \cos \phi)}{\phi}
+            \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                 {a  \cos \phi \overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+          -  \overline{w'u'}
+        \right\}
+     \right]
+  \\
+& = 
+    \frac{1}{\rho_0 a \cos \phi} 
+     \DP{}{z^*}
+     \left[
+        \rho_0  a \cos \phi 
+        \left\{
+             \left(     f 
+                     -  \frac{\DP{(\overline{u} \cos \phi)}{\phi}}
+                             {a  \cos \phi}
+             \right)
+             \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                  {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+          -  \overline{w'u'}
+        \right\}
+     \right]
+  \\
+& =  \frac{1}{\rho_0 a \cos \phi} 
+     \DP{F^{*}_{z}}{z^*}
+\end{align*}
+�ʾ���, \Deqref{tem-u-tochuu} �ϼ��Τ褦�ˤʤ�.
+\begin{align*}
+&     \DP{\overline{u}}{t}
+   + \frac{\overline{v}^*}{a \cos \phi} \DP{}{\phi} 
+     \left(  \overline{u} \cos \phi \right)
+   + \overline{w}^* \DP{\overline{u}}{z^*}
+   - f \overline{v}^* 
+   - \overline{X} 
+ =  \Dinv{\rho_0 a^2 \cos^2 \phi} 
+    \DP{}{\phi}
+    \left(
+           \cos \phi F^{*}_{\phi}
+    \right)
+   + \frac{1}{\rho_0 a \cos \phi} 
+     \DP{F^{*}_{z}}{z^*}, 
+  \nonumber \\ 
+%
+&     \DP{\overline{u}}{t}
+   + \frac{\overline{v}^*}{a \cos \phi} \DP{}{\phi} 
+     \left(  \overline{u} \cos \phi \right)
+   + \overline{w}^* \DP{\overline{u}}{z^*}
+   - f \overline{v}^* 
+   - \overline{X} 
+ =  \Dinv{\rho_0 a \cos \phi} \Ddiv{\Dvect{F}}.
+\end{align*}
+������, �Ҹ������ȯ����ʲ��Τ褦��ɽ����.
+\begin{align}
+      \Ddiv{\Dvect{F}} 
+    = \Dinv{a \cos \phi } \DP{(\cos \phi F_{\phi})}{\phi} + \DP{F_{z^{*}}}{z^*}
+\end{align}
+
+\vspace{5mm}
+
+����Ǯ�ϳؤμ���񤭴�����.
+\Deqref{new_euler_mean_pe_thermal} ��
+\Deqref{residual_v_app}, \Deqref{residual_w_app} �����������
+\begin{align*}
+&    \DP{\overline{\theta}}{t}
+   + \frac{1}{a} 
+     \left[ 
+             \overline{v}^* 
+           + \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*}
+             \left( \rho_0 
+                    \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                         {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+             \right)
+     \right]
+     \DP{\overline{\theta}}{\phi}
+   + \left[
+              \overline{w}^* 
+            - \Dinv{a \cos\phi} 
+              \DP{}{\phi}
+              \left( \cos \phi 
+                         \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                              {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+              \right)
+     \right]
+     \DP{\overline{\theta}}{z^*}
+   - \overline{Q} \\
+        & \qquad  
+ =
+   - \Dinv{a\cos\phi}\DP{}{\phi}(\overline{v'\theta'}\cos\phi)
+   - \Dinv{\rho_0}\DP{}{z^*}(\rho_0\overline{w'\theta'}), \\
+%
+&    \DP{\overline{\theta}}{t}
+   + \frac{\overline{v}^*}{a}  \DP{\overline{\theta}}{\phi}
+   + \overline{w}^* \DP{\overline{\theta}}{z^*}
+   - \overline{Q} \\
+        & \qquad  
+ = - \Dinv{\rho_0 a} \DP{}{z^*}
+     \left( \rho_0 
+                    \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                         {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+             \right) \DP{\overline{\theta}}{\phi}
+   + \Dinv{a \cos\phi} 
+     \DP{}{\phi}
+     \left( \cos \phi 
+                         \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                              {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+     \right) \DP{\overline{\theta}}{z^*} \\
+& \qquad \qquad
+   - \Dinv{a\cos\phi}\DP{}{\phi}(\overline{v'\theta'}\cos\phi)
+   - \Dinv{\rho_0}\DP{}{z^*}(\rho_0\overline{w'\theta'}) \\
+\end{align*}
+�Ȥʤ�.
+���α��դ򹹤��ѷ������
+\begin{align*}
+&  - \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*}
+     \left( \rho_0 
+                    \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                         {a \overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+             \right) \DP{\overline{\theta}}{\phi}
+   + \Dinv{a \cos\phi} 
+              \DP{}{\phi}
+              \left( \cos \phi 
+                         \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                              {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+              \right) \DP{\overline{\theta}}{z^*} \\
+& \qquad
+   - \Dinv{a\cos\phi}\DP{}{\phi}(\overline{v'\theta'}\cos\phi)
+   - \Dinv{\rho_0}\DP{}{z^*}(\rho_0\overline{w'\theta'}) \\
+%
+ = &
+  - \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*}
+     \left(  \rho_0 
+             \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                  {a \overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+             \DP{\overline{\theta}}{\phi}
+     \right) 
+  +  \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+          {a \overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+     \DP{}{z^*}\DP{\overline{\theta}}{\phi} \\
+ & \qquad 
+   + \Dinv{a \cos\phi} 
+     \left[  
+                \DP{}{\phi} \left( \cos \phi  \overline{v'\theta'} \right)  
+                \frac{1}{\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+            +  \cos \phi \overline{v'\theta'}
+               \DP{}{\phi} \left( \overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}} \right)^{-1}
+     \right] \DP{\overline{\theta}}{z^*} \\
+& \qquad 
+   - \Dinv{a\cos\phi}\DP{}{\phi}(\overline{v'\theta'}\cos\phi)
+   - \Dinv{\rho_0}\DP{}{z^*}(\rho_0\overline{w'\theta'}) \\
+%
+ = &
+  - \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*}
+     \left(  \rho_0 
+             \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                  {a \overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+             \DP{\overline{\theta}}{\phi}
+     \right) 
+  +  \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+          {a \overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+     \DP{}{z^*}\DP{\overline{\theta}}{\phi}
+  +  \Dinv{a}  
+     \overline{v'\theta'}
+     \DP{}{\phi} \left( \overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}} \right)^{-1}
+     \DP{\overline{\theta}}{z^*}
+   - \Dinv{\rho_0}\DP{}{z^*}(\rho_0\overline{w'\theta'}) \\
+%
+ = &
+  - \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*}
+    \left[ \rho_0 
+             \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                  {a \overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+             \DP{\overline{\theta}}{\phi}
+            + \rho_0\overline{w'\theta'}
+    \right]
+  + \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}{a}
+    \left[
+             \frac{1}
+                  {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+             \DP{}{z^*}\DP{\overline{\theta}}{\phi}
+        +    \DP{}{\phi} \left( \overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}} \right)^{-1}
+             \DP{\overline{\theta}}{z^*}
+     \right] \\
+%
+ = &
+  - \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*}
+    \left[ \rho_0 
+           \left(
+                \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                     {a \overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+                \DP{\overline{\theta}}{\phi}
+              + \overline{w'\theta'}
+           \right)  
+    \right]
+  + \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}{a}
+    \DP{}{\phi}
+    \left(
+         \frac{ \DP{\overline{\theta}}{z^*} }
+                  { \overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}} }
+    \right)     \\
+%
+ = &
+  - \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*}
+    \left[ \rho_0 
+           \left(
+                \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                     {a \overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+                \DP{\overline{\theta}}{\phi}
+              + \overline{w'\theta'}
+           \right)  
+    \right].
+\end{align*}
+������, Ǯ�ϳؤμ��ϰʲ��Τ褦�ˤʤ�.
+\begin{align*}
+   \DP{\overline{\theta}}{t}
+   + \frac{\overline{v}^*}{a}  \DP{\overline{\theta}}{\phi}
+   + \overline{w}^* \DP{\overline{\theta}}{z^*}
+   - \overline{Q}
+ = 
+  - \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*}
+    \left[ \rho_0 
+           \left(
+                \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                     {a \overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+                \DP{\overline{\theta}}{\phi}
+              + \overline{w'\theta'}
+           \right)  
+    \right].
+\end{align*}
+
+\vspace{5mm}
+
+�Ǹ�� $v$ �μ��ˤĤ��ƹͤ���.
+\Deqref{new_euler_mean_pe_momentum_y} ��
+\Deqref{residual_v_app}, \Deqref{residual_w_app} �����������
+\begin{align*}
+ &     \DP{}{t}
+       \left[ 
+             \overline{v}^* 
+           + \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*}
+             \left( \rho_0 
+                    \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                         {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+             \right)
+       \right]
+     + \frac{1}{a} 
+       \left[ 
+             \overline{v}^* 
+           + \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*}
+             \left( \rho_0 
+                    \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                         {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+             \right)
+       \right]
+       \DP{}{\phi}
+       \left[ 
+             \overline{v}^* 
+           + \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*}
+             \left( \rho_0 
+                    \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                         {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+             \right)
+       \right]  
+                     \\
+ &       \qquad    \qquad
+     + \left[
+              \overline{w}^* 
+            - \Dinv{a \cos\phi} 
+              \DP{}{\phi}
+              \left( \cos \phi 
+                         \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                              {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+              \right)
+       \right]
+       \DP{}{z^*}
+       \left[ 
+             \overline{v}^* 
+           + \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*}
+             \left( \rho_0 
+                    \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                         {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+             \right)
+       \right]
+                     \\
+ &    \qquad       \qquad
+     + f \overline{u}
+     + \frac{\tan\phi}{a} (\overline{u})^2
+     + \Dinv{a} \DP{\overline{\Phi}}{\phi}
+     - \overline{Y}     \\
+ & \qquad
+   = - \Dinv{a\cos\phi}\DP{}{\phi}(\overline{v'^2} \cos\phi)
+     - \Dinv{\rho_0}\DP{}{z^*}(\rho_0\overline{v' w'})
+     - \overline{u'^2}\frac{\tan\phi}{a}, \\
+%
+ &     f \overline{u}
+     + \frac{\tan\phi}{a} (\overline{u})^2
+     + \Dinv{a} \DP{\overline{\Phi}}{\phi}
+         \\
+ & \qquad
+   = -  \DP{}{t}
+       \left[ 
+             \overline{v}^* 
+           + \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*}
+             \left( \rho_0 
+                    \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                         {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+             \right)
+       \right]
+     - \frac{1}{a} 
+       \left[ 
+             \overline{v}^* 
+           + \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*}
+             \left( \rho_0 
+                    \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                         {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+             \right)
+       \right]
+       \DP{}{\phi}
+       \left[ 
+             \overline{v}^* 
+           + \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*}
+             \left( \rho_0 
+                    \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                         {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+             \right)
+       \right]  
+                     \\
+ &       \qquad    \qquad
+     - \left[
+              \overline{w}^* 
+            - \Dinv{a \cos\phi} 
+              \DP{}{\phi}
+              \left( \cos \phi 
+                         \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                              {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+              \right)
+       \right]
+       \DP{}{z^*}
+       \left[ 
+             \overline{v}^* 
+           + \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*}
+             \left( \rho_0 
+                    \frac{\overline{v'\theta'}}
+                         {\overline{\DP{\theta}{z^*}}}
+             \right)
+       \right]
+                     \\
+ &    \qquad       \qquad
+   - \Dinv{a\cos\phi} \DP{}{\phi}(\overline{v'^2} \cos \phi)
+   - \Dinv{\rho_0} \DP{}{z^*}(\rho_0\overline{v' w'})
+   - \overline{u'^2} \frac{\tan\phi}{a}
+   + \overline{Y}
+\end{align*}
+Andrews {\it et al.} (1987) �ˤ���, ���μ��α��դ��̤�
+���դ���٤�о�����. ���դι�����ƤޤȤ�� $G$ �Ƚ񤯤�
+$v$ �μ��ϼ��Τ褦�ˤʤ�.
+\begin{align*}
+     \overline{u} 
+     \left( f + \frac{\tan\phi}{a} \overline{u} \right) 
+   + \Dinv{a} \DP{\overline{\Phi}}{\phi}
+ =   G.
+\end{align*}
+
+\vspace{5mm}
+
+�ʾ��ޤȤ���, �ʲ���{\bfseries �ѷ������顼ʿ��������}��������.
+\begin{screen}
+\begin{subequations}\Deqlab{transformed_euler_mean_pe}
+%\def\theequation{\arabic{section}.\arabic{parentequation}\alph{equation}}
+%\begin{itemize}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%\item ��ư������
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\begin{align}
+\Deqlab{transformed_euler_mean_pe_momentum_x}&
+      \DP{\overline{u}}{t}
+    + \overline{v}^*
+      \left[
+             \Dinv{a\cos\phi}\DP{}{\phi}(\overline{u}\cos\phi) - f
+      \right]
+    + \overline{w}^*\DP{\overline{u}}{z^*}
+    - \overline{X} 
+ =    \Dinv{\rho_0 a \cos\phi}\Ddiv\Dvect{F},    \\
+\Deqlab{transformed_euler_mean_pe_momentum_y}&
+      \overline{u}
+      \left( f + \overline{u}\frac{\tan\phi}{a} \right) 
+    + \Dinv{a}\DP{\overline{\Phi}}{\phi}
+ = G.
+\end{align}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%\item �ſ尵ʿ�դμ�
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 
+\begin{align}
+\Deqlab{transformed_euler_mean_pe_momentum_z^*}
+     \DP{\overline{\Phi}}{z^*} 
+   - \frac{Re^{-\kappa z^*/H}}{H}\overline{\theta}
+ =   0.
+\end{align}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%\item Ϣ³�μ�
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 
+\begin{align}    
+      \Deqlab{transformed_euler_mean_pe_continuity}
+        \Dinv{a\cos\phi}&\left[
+       \DP{}{\phi}(\overline{v}^*\cos\phi)\right]
+       + \Dinv{\rho_0}\DP{}{z^*}(\rho_0 \overline{w}^*) 
+       = 0.
+\end{align}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%\item Ǯ�ϳؤμ�
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 
+\begin{align}
+      \Deqlab{transformed_euler_mean_pe_thermal}
+       \DP{\overline{\theta}}{t}
+        + \frac{\overline{v}^*}{a}\DP{\overline{\theta}}{\phi}
+        + \overline{w}^*\DP{\overline{\theta}}{z^*}
+        - \overline{Q} =
+		- \Dinv{\rho_0}\DP{}{z^*}
+                \left[\rho_0
+                      \left(
+                        \overline{v'\theta'}\frac{\DP{\overline{\theta}}{\phi}}
+                                 {a\DP{\overline{\theta}}{z^*}} + \overline{w'\theta'}
+                      \right)
+                \right].
+\end{align}
+%\end{itemize}
+\end{subequations}
+\end{screen}
+
+
+
+\clearpage
+
+\begin{thebibliography}{1}
+\bibitem{AHL1987} D.G. Andrews, J.R. Holton, and C.B. Leovy. 
+                  Middle atmosphere dynamics, International Geophysics Series. 
+                  Academic Press, 1987
+\bibitem{H1975}   J.R. Holton. 
+                  The Dynamic Meteorology of the Stratosphere and Mesosphere, 
+                  American Meteorological Society, 1975
+\end{thebibliography}
+
+
+\end{document}