exiftool_vendored 9.78.0 → 9.99.0

data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.78/lib/Image/ExifTool/Lytro.pm

@@ -1,217 +0,0 @@
-#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# File:         Lytro.pm
-#
-# Description:  Read Lytro LFP files
-#
-# Revisions:    2014-07-17 - P. Harvey Created
-#
-# References:   1) http://optics.miloush.net/lytro/TheFileFormat.aspx
-#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-package Image::ExifTool::Lytro;
-
-use strict;
-use vars qw($VERSION);
-use Image::ExifTool qw(:DataAccess :Utils);
-use Image::ExifTool::Import;
-
-$VERSION = '1.01';
-
-sub ExtractTags($$$);
-
-# Lytro LFP tags (ref PH)
-%Image::ExifTool::Lytro::Main = (
-    GROUPS => { 2 => 'Camera' },
-    VARS => { NO_ID => 1 },
-    NOTES => q{
-        Tag definitions for Lytro Light Field Picture (LFP) files.  ExifTool
-        extracts the full JSON metadata blocks, as well as breaking them down into
-        individual tags.  All available tags are extracted from the JSON metadata,
-        even if they don't appear in the table below.
-    },
-    JSONMetadata => {
-        Notes => 'the full JSON-format metadata blocks',
-        Binary => 1,
-        List => 1,
-    },
-    EmbeddedImage => {
-        Notes => 'JPEG image embedded in LFP files written by Lytro Desktop',
-        Groups => { 2 => 'Image' },
-        Binary => 1,
-    },
-    Type                => { Name => 'CameraType' },
-    CameraMake          => { Name => 'Make' },
-    CameraModel         => { Name => 'Model', Description => 'Camera Model Name' },
-    CameraSerialNumber  => { Name => 'SerialNumber'},
-    CameraFirmware      => { Name => 'FirmwareVersion'},
-    DevicesAccelerometerSampleArrayTime => { Name => 'AccelerometerTime'},
-    DevicesAccelerometerSampleArrayX    => { Name => 'AccelerometerX'},
-    DevicesAccelerometerSampleArrayY    => { Name => 'AccelerometerY'},
-    DevicesAccelerometerSampleArrayZ    => { Name => 'AccelerometerZ'},
-    DevicesClockZuluTime => {
-        Name => 'DateTimeOriginal',
-        Groups => { 2 => 'Time' },
-        ValueConv => 'require Image::ExifTool::XMP; Image::ExifTool::XMP::ConvertXMPDate($val)',
-        PrintConv => '$self->ConvertDateTime($val)',
-    },
-    DevicesLensFNumber => {
-        Name => 'FNumber',
-        PrintConv => 'Image::ExifTool::Exif::PrintFNumber($val)',
-    },
-    DevicesLensFocalLength => {
-        Name => 'FocalLength',
-        ValueConv => '$val * 1000', # convert from metres to mm
-        PrintConv => 'sprintf("%.1f mm",$val)',
-    },
-    DevicesLensTemperature => {
-        Name => 'LensTemperature',
-        PrintConv => 'sprintf("%.1f C",$val)',
-    },
-    DevicesSocTemperature => {
-        Name => 'SocTemperature',
-        PrintConv => 'sprintf("%.1f C",$val)',
-    },
-    DevicesShutterFrameExposureDuration => {
-        Name => 'FrameExposureTime',
-        PrintConv => 'Image::ExifTool::Exif::PrintExposureTime($val)',
-    },
-    DevicesShutterPixelExposureDuration => {
-        Name => 'ExposureTime',
-        PrintConv => 'Image::ExifTool::Exif::PrintExposureTime($val)',
-    },
-    DevicesSensorPixelPitch => {
-        Name => 'FocalPlaneXResolution',
-        Notes => 'Y resolution is the same as X resolution',
-        ValueConv => '25.4 / $val / 1000',  # convert from metres to pixels/inch
-    },
-    DevicesSensorSensorSerial   => { Name => 'SensorSerialNumber'},
-    DevicesSensorIso            => { Name => 'ISO' },
-    ImageLimitExposureBias      => { Groups => { 2 => 'Image' }, PrintConv => 'sprintf("%+.1f", $val)' },
-    ImageModulationExposureBias => { Groups => { 2 => 'Image' }, PrintConv => 'sprintf("%+.1f", $val)' },
-    ImageOrientation => {
-        Name => 'Orientation',
-        Groups => { 2 => 'Image' },
-        PrintConv => {
-            1 => 'Horizontal (normal)',
-        },
-    },
-);
-
-#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Extract tags from a parsed JSON hash
-# Inputs: 0) ExifTool ref, 1) tag hash ref, 2) base tag name
-sub ExtractTags($$$)
-{
-    my ($et, $meta, $parent) = @_;
-    ref $meta eq 'HASH' or $et->Warn('Invalid LFP metadata'), return;
-    my ($key, $val, $name, $tagTablePtr);
-    foreach $key (sort keys %$meta) {
-        my $tag = $parent . ucfirst($key);
-        foreach $val (ref $$meta{$key} eq 'ARRAY' ? @{$$meta{$key}} : $$meta{$key}) {
-            ref $val eq 'HASH' and ExtractTags($et, $val, $tag), next;
-            $tagTablePtr or $tagTablePtr = GetTagTable('Image::ExifTool::Lytro::Main');
-            unless ($$tagTablePtr{$tag}) {
-                ($name = $tag) =~ s/[^-_a-zA-Z0-9](.?)/\U$1/g;
-                $name =~ s/ParametersVendorContentComLytroTags//; 
-                my %tagInfo;
-                $tagInfo{Groups} = { 2 => 'Image' } unless $name =~ s/^Devices//;
-                $tagInfo{List} = 1 if ref $$meta{$key} eq 'ARRAY';
-                $tagInfo{Name} = $name;
-                my $str = $tag eq $name ? '' : " as $name";
-                $et->VPrint(0, "  [adding $tag$str]\n");
-                AddTagToTable($tagTablePtr, $tag, \%tagInfo);
-            }
-            $et->HandleTag($tagTablePtr, $tag, $val);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Process segments from a Lytro LFP image
-# Inputs: 0) ExifTool object reference, 1) dirInfo reference
-# Returns: 1 on success, 0 if this wasn't a valid Lytro image
-sub ProcessLFP($$)
-{
-    my ($et, $dirInfo) = @_;
-    my $raf = $$dirInfo{RAF};
-    my $verbose = $et->Options('Verbose');
-    my ($buff, $id, %dumpParms);
-
-    # validate the Lytro file header
-    return 0 unless $raf->Read($buff, 16) == 16 and $buff =~ /^\x89LFP\x0d\x0a\x1a\x0a/;
-    $et->SetFileType();   # set the FileType tag
-    SetByteOrder('MM');
-    if ($verbose > 2) {
-        %dumpParms = ( Out => $$et{OPTIONS}{TextOut} );
-        $dumpParms{MaxLen} = 128 if $verbose < 4;
-    }
-    my $tagTablePtr = GetTagTable('Image::ExifTool::Lytro::Main');
-    while ($raf->Read($buff, 16) == 16) {
-        $buff =~ /^\x89LF/ or $et->Warn('LFP format error'), last;
-        my $size = Get32u(\$buff, 12);
-        $size & 0x80000000 and $et->Warn('Invalid LFP segment size'), last;
-        $raf->Read($id, 80) == 80 or $et->Warn('Truncated LFP segment'), last;  # ignore the sha1
-        if ($verbose) {
-            $id =~ s/\0.*//s;
-            $et->VPrint(0, substr($buff,1,3), " segment ($size bytes, $id)\n");
-        }
-        if ($size > 20000000) {
-            $raf->Seek($size, 1) or $et->Warn('Seek error in LFP file'), last;
-        } else {
-            $raf->Read($buff,$size) == $size or $et->Warn('Truncated LFP data'), last;
-            HexDump(\$buff, undef, %dumpParms, Addr=>$raf->Tell()-$size) if $verbose > 2;
-            if ($buff =~ /^\{\s+"/) { # JSON metadata?
-                pos($buff) = 0;
-                $et->HandleTag($tagTablePtr, 'JSONMetadata', $buff);
-                my $meta = Image::ExifTool::Import::ReadJSONObject(undef, \$buff);
-                ExtractTags($et, $meta, '');
-            } elsif ($buff =~ /^\xff\xd8\xff/) { # embedded JPEG image?
-                $et->HandleTag($tagTablePtr, 'EmbeddedImage', $buff);
-            }
-        }
-        # skip padding if necessary
-        my $pad = 16 - ($size % 16);
-        $raf->Seek($pad, 1) if $pad != 16;
-    }
-    return 1;
-}
-
-1;  # end
-
-__END__
-
-=head1 NAME
-
-Image::ExifTool::Lytro - Read Lytro LFP files
-
-=head1 SYNOPSIS
-
-This module is used by Image::ExifTool
-
-=head1 DESCRIPTION
-
-This module contains routines required by Image::ExifTool to read metadata
-from Lytro Light Field Picture (LFP) files.
-
-=head1 AUTHOR
-
-Copyright 2003-2014, Phil Harvey (phil at owl.phy.queensu.ca)
-
-This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
-under the same terms as Perl itself.
-
-=head1 REFERENCES
-
-=over 4
-
-=item L<http://optics.miloush.net/lytro/TheFileFormat.aspx>
-
-=back
-
-=head1 SEE ALSO
-
-L<Image::ExifTool::TagNames/Lytro Tags>,
-L<Image::ExifTool(3pm)|Image::ExifTool>
-
-=cut
-

data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.78/lib/Image/ExifTool/M2TS.pm

@@ -1,725 +0,0 @@
-#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# File:         M2TS.pm
-#
-# Description:  Read M2TS (AVCHD) meta information
-#
-# Revisions:    2009/07/03 - P. Harvey Created
-#
-# References:   1) http://neuron2.net/library/mpeg2/iso13818-1.pdf
-#               2) http://www.blu-raydisc.com/Assets/Downloadablefile/BD-RE_Part3_V2.1_WhitePaper_080406-15271.pdf
-#               3) http://www.videohelp.com/forum/archive/reading-avchd-playlist-files-bdmv-playlist-mpl-t358888.html
-#               4) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG_transport_stream
-#               5) http://www.dunod.com/documents/9782100493463/49346_DVB.pdf
-#               6) http://trac.handbrake.fr/browser/trunk/libhb/stream.c
-#               7) http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=04560141
-#               8) http://www.w6rz.net/xport.zip
-#
-# Notes:        Variable names containing underlines are the same as in ref 1.
-#
-# Glossary:     PES = Packetized Elementary Stream
-#               PAT = Program Association Table
-#               PMT = Program Map Table
-#               PCR = Program Clock Reference
-#               PID = Packet Identifier
-#
-# To Do:        - parse PCR to obtain average bitrates?
-#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-package Image::ExifTool::M2TS;
-
-use strict;
-use vars qw($VERSION);
-use Image::ExifTool qw(:DataAccess :Utils);
-
-$VERSION = '1.11';
-
-# program map table "stream_type" lookup (ref 6/1)
-my %streamType = (
-    0x00 => 'Reserved',
-    0x01 => 'MPEG-1 Video',
-    0x02 => 'MPEG-2 Video',
-    0x03 => 'MPEG-1 Audio',
-    0x04 => 'MPEG-2 Audio',
-    0x05 => 'ISO 13818-1 private sections',
-    0x06 => 'ISO 13818-1 PES private data',
-    0x07 => 'ISO 13522 MHEG',
-    0x08 => 'ISO 13818-1 DSM-CC',
-    0x09 => 'ISO 13818-1 auxiliary',
-    0x0A => 'ISO 13818-6 multi-protocol encap',
-    0x0B => 'ISO 13818-6 DSM-CC U-N msgs',
-    0x0C => 'ISO 13818-6 stream descriptors',
-    0x0D => 'ISO 13818-6 sections',
-    0x0E => 'ISO 13818-1 auxiliary',
-    0x0F => 'MPEG-2 AAC Audio',
-    0x10 => 'MPEG-4 Video',
-    0x11 => 'MPEG-4 LATM AAC Audio',
-    0x12 => 'MPEG-4 generic',
-    0x13 => 'ISO 14496-1 SL-packetized',
-    0x14 => 'ISO 13818-6 Synchronized Download Protocol',
-  # 0x15-0x7F => 'ISO 13818-1 Reserved',
-    0x1b => 'H.264 Video',
-    0x80 => 'DigiCipher II Video',
-    0x81 => 'A52/AC-3 Audio',
-    0x82 => 'HDMV DTS Audio',
-    0x83 => 'LPCM Audio',
-    0x84 => 'SDDS Audio',
-    0x85 => 'ATSC Program ID',
-    0x86 => 'DTS-HD Audio',
-    0x87 => 'E-AC-3 Audio',
-    0x8a => 'DTS Audio',
-    0x91 => 'A52b/AC-3 Audio',
-    0x92 => 'DVD_SPU vls Subtitle',
-    0x94 => 'SDDS Audio',
-    0xa0 => 'MSCODEC Video',
-    0xea => 'Private ES (VC-1)',
-  # 0x80-0xFF => 'User Private',
-);
-
-# "table_id" values (ref 5)
-my %tableID = (
-    0x00 => 'Program Association',
-    0x01 => 'Conditional Access',
-    0x02 => 'Program Map',
-    0x03 => 'Transport Stream Description',
-    0x40 => 'Actual Network Information',
-    0x41 => 'Other Network Information',
-    0x42 => 'Actual Service Description',
-    0x46 => 'Other Service Description',
-    0x4a => 'Bouquet Association',
-    0x4e => 'Actual Event Information - Present/Following',
-    0x4f => 'Other Event Information - Present/Following',
-    0x50 => 'Actual Event Information - Schedule', #(also 0x51-0x5f)
-    0x60 => 'Other Event Information - Schedule', # (also 0x61-0x6f)
-    0x70 => 'Time/Date',
-    0x71 => 'Running Status',
-    0x72 => 'Stuffing',
-    0x73 => 'Time Offset',
-    0x7e => 'Discontinuity Information',
-    0x7f => 'Selection Information',
-  # 0x80-0xfe => 'User Defined',
-);
-
-# PES stream ID's for which a syntax field does not exist
-my %noSyntax = (
-    0xbc => 1, # program_stream_map
-    0xbe => 1, # padding_stream
-    0xbf => 1, # private_stream_2
-    0xf0 => 1, # ECM_stream
-    0xf1 => 1, # EMM_stream
-    0xf2 => 1, # DSMCC_stream
-    0xf8 => 1, # ITU-T Rec. H.222.1 type E stream
-    0xff => 1, # program_stream_directory
-);
-
-# information extracted from the MPEG-2 transport stream
-%Image::ExifTool::M2TS::Main = (
-    GROUPS => { 2 => 'Video' },
-    VARS => { NO_ID => 1 },
-    NOTES => q{
-        The MPEG-2 transport stream is used as a container for many different
-        audio/video formats (including AVCHD).  This table lists information
-        extracted from M2TS files.
-    },
-    VideoStreamType => {
-        PrintHex => 1,
-        PrintConv => \%streamType,
-        SeparateTable => 'StreamType',
-    },
-    AudioStreamType => {
-        PrintHex => 1,
-        PrintConv => \%streamType,
-        SeparateTable => 'StreamType',
-    },
-    Duration => {
-        Notes => q{
-            the -fast option may be used to avoid scanning to the end of file to
-            calculate the Duration
-        },
-        ValueConv => '$val / 27000000', # (clock is 27MHz)
-        PrintConv => 'ConvertDuration($val)',
-    },
-    # the following tags are for documentation purposes only
-    _AC3  => { SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::M2TS::AC3' } },
-    _H264 => { SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::H264::Main' } },
-);
-
-# information extracted from AC-3 audio streams
-%Image::ExifTool::M2TS::AC3 = (
-    GROUPS => { 1 => 'AC3', 2 => 'Audio' },
-    VARS => { NO_ID => 1 },
-    NOTES => 'Tags extracted from AC-3 audio streams.',
-    AudioSampleRate => {
-        PrintConv => {
-            0 => '48000',
-            1 => '44100',
-            2 => '32000',
-        },
-    },
-    AudioBitrate => {
-        PrintConvColumns => 2,
-        ValueConv => {
-            0 => 32000,
-            1 => 40000,
-            2 => 48000,
-            3 => 56000,
-            4 => 64000,
-            5 => 80000,
-            6 => 96000,
-            7 => 112000,
-            8 => 128000,
-            9 => 160000,
-            10 => 192000,
-            11 => 224000,
-            12 => 256000,
-            13 => 320000,
-            14 => 384000,
-            15 => 448000,
-            16 => 512000,
-            17 => 576000,
-            18 => 640000,
-            32 => '32000 max',
-            33 => '40000 max',
-            34 => '48000 max',
-            35 => '56000 max',
-            36 => '64000 max',
-            37 => '80000 max',
-            38 => '96000 max',
-            39 => '112000 max',
-            40 => '128000 max',
-            41 => '160000 max',
-            42 => '192000 max',
-            43 => '224000 max',
-            44 => '256000 max',
-            45 => '320000 max',
-            46 => '384000 max',
-            47 => '448000 max',
-            48 => '512000 max',
-            49 => '576000 max',
-            50 => '640000 max',
-        },
-        PrintConv => 'ConvertBitrate($val)',
-    },
-    SurroundMode => {
-        PrintConv => {
-            0 => 'Not indicated',
-            1 => 'Not Dolby surround',
-            2 => 'Dolby surround',
-        },
-    },
-    AudioChannels => {
-        PrintConvColumns => 2,
-        PrintConv => {
-            0 => '1 + 1',
-            1 => 1,
-            2 => 2,
-            3 => 3,
-            4 => '2/1',
-            5 => '3/1',
-            6 => '2/2',
-            7 => '3/2',
-            8 => 1,
-            9 => '2 max',
-            10 => '3 max',
-            11 => '4 max',
-            12 => '5 max',
-            13 => '6 max',
-        },
-    },
-);
-
-#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Extract information from AC-3 audio stream
-# Inputs: 0) ExifTool ref, 1) data ref
-# Reference: http://www.atsc.org/standards/a_52b.pdf
-sub ParseAC3Audio($$)
-{
-    my ($et, $dataPt) = @_;
-    if ($$dataPt =~ /\x0b\x77..(.)/sg) {
-        my $sampleRate = ord($1) >> 6;
-        my $tagTablePtr = GetTagTable('Image::ExifTool::M2TS::AC3');
-        $et->HandleTag($tagTablePtr, AudioSampleRate => $sampleRate);
-    }
-}
-
-#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Extract information from AC-3 stream descriptor
-# Inputs: 0) ExifTool ref, 1) data ref
-# Reference: http://www.atsc.org/standards/a_52b.pdf
-# Note: This information is duplicated in the Audio stream, but it
-#       is somewhat easier to extract it from the descriptor instead
-sub ParseAC3Descriptor($$)
-{
-    my ($et, $dataPt) = @_;
-    return if length $$dataPt < 3;
-    my @v = unpack('C3', $$dataPt);
-    my $tagTablePtr = GetTagTable('Image::ExifTool::M2TS::AC3');
-    # $et->HandleTag($tagTablePtr, 'AudioSampleRate', $v[0] >> 5);
-    $et->HandleTag($tagTablePtr, 'AudioBitrate', $v[1] >> 2);
-    $et->HandleTag($tagTablePtr, 'SurroundMode', $v[1] & 0x03);
-    $et->HandleTag($tagTablePtr, 'AudioChannels', ($v[2] >> 1) & 0x0f);
-    # don't (yet) decode any more (language codes, etc)
-}
-
-#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Parse PID stream data
-# Inputs: 0) Exiftool ref, 1) PID number, 2) PID type, 3) PID name, 4) data ref
-# Returns: 0=stream parsed OK,
-#          1=stream parsed but we want to parse more of these,
-#          -1=can't parse yet because we don't know the type
-sub ParsePID($$$$$)
-{
-    my ($et, $pid, $type, $pidName, $dataPt) = @_;
-    # can't parse until we know the type (Program Map Table may be later in the stream)
-    return -1 unless defined $type;   
-    my $verbose = $et->Options('Verbose');
-    if ($verbose > 1) {
-        my $out = $et->Options('TextOut');
-        printf $out "Parsing stream 0x%.4x (%s)\n", $pid, $pidName;
-        my %parms = ( Out => $out );
-        $parms{MaxLen} = 96 if $verbose < 4;
-        HexDump($dataPt, undef, %parms) if $verbose > 2;
-    }
-    my $more = 0;
-    if ($type == 0x01 or $type == 0x02) {
-        # MPEG-1/MPEG-2 Video
-        require Image::ExifTool::MPEG;
-        Image::ExifTool::MPEG::ParseMPEGAudioVideo($et, $dataPt);
-    } elsif ($type == 0x03 or $type == 0x04) {
-        # MPEG-1/MPEG-2 Audio
-        require Image::ExifTool::MPEG;
-        Image::ExifTool::MPEG::ParseMPEGAudio($et, $dataPt);
-    } elsif ($type == 0x1b) {
-        # H.264 Video
-        require Image::ExifTool::H264;
-        $more = Image::ExifTool::H264::ParseH264Video($et, $dataPt);
-        # force parsing additional H264 frames with ExtractEmbedded option
-        $more = 1 if $et->Options('ExtractEmbedded');
-    } elsif ($type == 0x81 or $type == 0x87 or $type == 0x91) {
-        # AC-3 audio
-        ParseAC3Audio($et, $dataPt);
-    }
-    return $more;
-}
-
-#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Extract information from a M2TS file
-# Inputs: 0) ExifTool object reference, 1) DirInfo reference
-# Returns: 1 on success, 0 if this wasn't a valid M2TS file
-sub ProcessM2TS($$)
-{
-    my ($et, $dirInfo) = @_;
-    my $raf = $$dirInfo{RAF};
-    my ($buff, $pLen, $upkPrefix, $j, $fileType, $eof);
-    my (%pmt, %pidType, %data, %sectLen);
-    my ($startTime, $endTime, $backScan, $maxBack);
-    my $verbose = $et->Options('Verbose');
-    my $out = $et->Options('TextOut');
-
-    # read first packet
-    return 0 unless $raf->Read($buff, 8) == 8;
-    # test for magic number (sync byte is the only thing we can safely check)
-    return 0 unless $buff =~ /^(....)?\x47/s;
-    unless ($1) {
-        $pLen = 188;        # no timecode
-        $fileType = 'M2T';  # (just as a way to tell there is no timecode)
-        $upkPrefix = 'N';
-    } else {
-        $pLen = 192; # 188-byte transport packet + leading 4-byte timecode (ref 4)
-        $upkPrefix = 'x4N';
-    }
-    $et->SetFileType($fileType);
-    SetByteOrder('MM');
-    $raf->Seek(0,0);        # rewind to start
-    my $tagTablePtr = GetTagTable('Image::ExifTool::M2TS::Main');
-
-    # PID lookup strings (will add to this with entries from program map table)
-    my %pidName = (
-        0 => 'Program Association Table',
-        1 => 'Conditional Access Table',
-        2 => 'Transport Stream Description Table',
-        0x1fff => 'Null Packet',
-    );
-    my %didPID = ( 1 => 0, 2 => 0, 0x1fff => 0 );
-    my %needPID = ( 0 => 1 );       # lookup for stream PID's that we still need to parse
-    my $prePos = $pLen - 188;       # byte position of packet prefix
-    my $readSize = 64 * $pLen;      # read 64 packets at once
-    my $pEnd = 0;
-    my $i = 0;
-    $buff = '';
-
-    # parse packets from MPEG-2 Transport Stream
-    for (;;) {
-
-        unless (%needPID) {
-            last unless defined $startTime;
-            # seek backwards to find last PCR
-            if (defined $backScan) {
-                last if defined $endTime;
-                $backScan -= $pLen;
-                last if $backScan < $maxBack;
-            } else {
-                undef $endTime;
-                last if $et->Options('FastScan');
-                $verbose and print "[Starting backscan for last PCR]\n";
-                # calculate position of last complete packet
-                my $fwdPos = $raf->Tell();
-                $raf->Seek(0, 2) or last;
-                my $fsize = $raf->Tell();
-                my $nPack = int($fsize / $pLen);
-                $backScan = ($nPack - 1) * $pLen - $fsize;
-                # set limit on how far back we will go
-                $maxBack = $fwdPos - $fsize;
-                $maxBack = -256000 if $maxBack < -256000;
-            }
-            $raf->Seek($backScan, 2) or last;
-        }
-        my $pos = $pEnd;
-        # read more if necessary
-        if ($pos + $pLen > length $buff) {
-            $raf->Read($buff, $readSize) >= $pLen or $eof = 1, last;
-            $pos = $pEnd = 0;
-        }
-        $pEnd += $pLen;
-        # decode the packet prefix
-        $pos += $prePos;
-        my $prefix = unpack("x${pos}N", $buff); # (use unpack instead of Get32u for speed)
-        # validate sync byte
-        unless (($prefix & 0xff000000) == 0x47000000) {
-            $et->Warn('Synchronization error') unless defined $backScan;
-            last;
-        }
-      # my $transport_error_indicator    = $prefix & 0x00800000;
-        my $payload_unit_start_indicator = $prefix & 0x00400000;
-      # my $transport_priority           = $prefix & 0x00200000;
-        my $pid                          =($prefix & 0x001fff00) >> 8; # packet ID
-      # my $transport_scrambling_control = $prefix & 0x000000c0;
-        my $adaptation_field_exists      = $prefix & 0x00000020;
-        my $payload_data_exists          = $prefix & 0x00000010;
-      # my $continuity_counter           = $prefix & 0x0000000f;
-
-        if ($verbose > 1) {
-            print  $out "Transport packet $i:\n";
-            ++$i;
-            HexDump(\$buff, $pLen, Addr => $i * $pLen, Out => $out,
-                Start => $pos - $prePos) if $verbose > 2;
-            my $str = $pidName{$pid} ? " ($pidName{$pid})" : '';
-            printf $out "  Timecode:   0x%.4x\n", Get32u(\$buff, 0) if $pLen == 192;
-            printf $out "  Packet ID:  0x%.4x$str\n", $pid;
-            printf $out "  Start Flag: %s\n", $payload_unit_start_indicator ? 'Yes' : 'No';
-        }
-
-        $pos += 4;
-        # handle adaptation field
-        if ($adaptation_field_exists) {
-            my $len = Get8u(\$buff, $pos++);
-            $pos + $len > $pEnd and $et->Warn('Invalid adaptation field length'), last;
-            # read PCR value for calculation of Duration
-            if ($len > 6) {
-                my $flags = Get8u(\$buff, $pos);
-                if ($flags & 0x10) { # PCR_flag
-                    # combine 33-bit program_clock_reference_base and 9-bit extension
-                    my $pcrBase = Get32u(\$buff, $pos + 1);
-                    my $pcrExt  = Get16u(\$buff, $pos + 5);
-                    # ignore separate programs (PID's) and store just the
-                    # first and last timestamps found in the file (is this OK?)
-                    $endTime = 300 * (2 * $pcrBase + ($pcrExt >> 15)) + ($pcrExt & 0x01ff);
-                    $startTime = $endTime unless defined $startTime;
-                }
-            }
-            $pos += $len;
-        }
-
-        # all done with this packet unless it carries a payload
-        # or if we are just looking for the last timestamp
-        next unless $payload_data_exists and not defined $backScan;
-
-        # decode payload data
-        if ($pid == 0 or            # program association table
-            defined $pmt{$pid})     # program map table(s)
-        {
-            # must interpret pointer field if payload_unit_start_indicator is set
-            my $buf2;
-            if ($payload_unit_start_indicator) {
-                # skip to start of section
-                my $pointer_field = Get8u(\$buff, $pos);
-                $pos += 1 + $pointer_field;
-                $pos >= $pEnd and $et->Warn('Bad pointer field'), last;
-                $buf2 = substr($buff, $pEnd-$pLen, $pLen);
-                $pos -= $pEnd - $pLen;
-            } else {
-                # not the start of a section
-                next unless $sectLen{$pid};
-                my $more = $sectLen{$pid} - length($data{$pid});
-                my $size = $pLen - $pos;
-                $size = $more if $size > $more;
-                $data{$pid} .= substr($buff, $pos, $size);
-                next unless $size == $more;
-                # we have the complete section now, so put into $buf2 for parsing
-                $buf2 = $data{$pid};
-                $pos = 0;
-                delete $data{$pid};
-                delete $sectLen{$pid};
-            }
-            my $slen = length($buf2);   # section length
-            $pos + 8 > $slen and $et->Warn("Truncated payload"), last;
-            # validate table ID
-            my $table_id = Get8u(\$buf2, $pos);
-            my $name = ($tableID{$table_id} || sprintf('Unknown (0x%x)',$table_id)) . ' Table';
-            my $expectedID = $pid ? 0x02 : 0x00;
-            unless ($table_id == $expectedID) {
-                $verbose > 1 and printf $out "  (skipping $name)\n";
-                delete $needPID{$pid};
-                $didPID{$pid} = 1;
-                next;
-            }
-            # validate section syntax indicator for parsed tables (PAT, PMT)
-            my $section_syntax_indicator = Get8u(\$buf2, $pos + 1) & 0xc0;
-            $section_syntax_indicator == 0x80 or $et->Warn("Bad $name"), last;
-            my $section_length = Get16u(\$buf2, $pos + 1) & 0x0fff;
-            $section_length > 1021 and $et->Warn("Invalid $name length"), last;
-            if ($slen < $section_length + 3) { # (3 bytes for table_id + section_length)
-                # must wait until we have the full section
-                $data{$pid} = substr($buf2, $pos);
-                $sectLen{$pid} = $section_length + 3;
-                next;
-            }
-            my $program_number = Get16u(\$buf2, $pos + 3);
-            my $section_number = Get8u(\$buf2, $pos + 6);
-            my $last_section_number = Get8u(\$buf2, $pos + 7);
-            if ($verbose > 1) {
-                print  $out "  $name length: $section_length\n";
-                print  $out "  Program No: $program_number\n" if $pid;
-                printf $out "  Stream ID:  0x%x\n", $program_number if not $pid;
-                print  $out "  Section No: $section_number\n";
-                print  $out "  Last Sect.: $last_section_number\n";
-            }
-            my $end = $pos + $section_length + 3 - 4; # (don't read 4-byte CRC)
-            $pos += 8;
-            if ($pid == 0) {
-                # decode PAT (Program Association Table)
-                while ($pos <= $end - 4) {
-                    my $program_number = Get16u(\$buf2, $pos);
-                    my $program_map_PID = Get16u(\$buf2, $pos + 2) & 0x1fff;
-                    $pmt{$program_map_PID} = $program_number; # save our PMT PID's
-                    my $str = "Program $program_number Map";
-                    $pidName{$program_map_PID} = $str;
-                    $needPID{$program_map_PID} = 1 unless $didPID{$program_map_PID};
-                    $verbose and printf $out "  PID(0x%.4x) --> $str\n", $program_map_PID;
-                    $pos += 4;
-                }
-            } else {
-                # decode PMT (Program Map Table)
-                $pos + 4 > $slen and $et->Warn('Truncated PMT'), last;
-                my $pcr_pid = Get16u(\$buf2, $pos) & 0x1fff;
-                my $program_info_length = Get16u(\$buf2, $pos + 2) & 0x0fff;
-                my $str = "Program $program_number Clock Reference";
-                $pidName{$pcr_pid} = $str;
-                $verbose and printf $out "  PID(0x%.4x) --> $str\n", $pcr_pid;
-                $pos += 4;
-                $pos + $program_info_length > $slen and $et->Warn('Truncated program info'), last;
-                # dump program information descriptors if verbose
-                if ($verbose > 1) { for ($j=0; $j<$program_info_length-2; ) {
-                    my $descriptor_tag = Get8u(\$buf2, $pos + $j);
-                    my $descriptor_length = Get8u(\$buf2, $pos + $j + 1);
-                    $j += 2;
-                    last if $j + $descriptor_length > $program_info_length;
-                    my $desc = substr($buf2, $pos+$j, $descriptor_length);
-                    $j += $descriptor_length;
-                    $desc =~ s/([\x00-\x1f\x80-\xff])/sprintf("\\x%.2x",ord $1)/eg;
-                    printf $out "    Program Descriptor: Type=0x%.2x \"$desc\"\n", $descriptor_tag;
-                }}
-                $pos += $program_info_length; # skip descriptors (for now)
-                while ($pos <= $end - 5) {
-                    my $stream_type = Get8u(\$buf2, $pos);
-                    my $elementary_pid = Get16u(\$buf2, $pos + 1) & 0x1fff;
-                    my $es_info_length = Get16u(\$buf2, $pos + 3) & 0x0fff;
-                    my $str = $streamType{$stream_type};
-                    $str or $str = ($stream_type < 0x7f ? 'Reserved' : 'Private');
-                    $str = sprintf('%s (0x%.2x)', $str, $stream_type);
-                    $str = "Program $program_number $str";
-                    $verbose and printf $out "  PID(0x%.4x) --> $str\n", $elementary_pid;
-                    if ($str =~ /(Audio|Video)/) {
-                        unless ($pidName{$elementary_pid}) {
-                            $et->HandleTag($tagTablePtr, $1 . 'StreamType', $stream_type)
-                        }
-                        # we want to parse all Audio and Video streams
-                        $needPID{$elementary_pid} = 1 unless $didPID{$elementary_pid};
-                    }
-                    # save PID type and name string
-                    $pidName{$elementary_pid} = $str;
-                    $pidType{$elementary_pid} = $stream_type;
-                    $pos += 5;
-                    $pos + $es_info_length > $slen and $et->Warn('Trunacted ES info'), $pos = $end, last;
-                    # parse elementary stream descriptors
-                    for ($j=0; $j<$es_info_length-2; ) {
-                        my $descriptor_tag = Get8u(\$buf2, $pos + $j);
-                        my $descriptor_length = Get8u(\$buf2, $pos + $j + 1);
-                        $j += 2;
-                        last if $j + $descriptor_length > $es_info_length;
-                        my $desc = substr($buf2, $pos+$j, $descriptor_length);
-                        $j += $descriptor_length;
-                        if ($verbose > 1) {
-                            my $dstr = $desc;
-                            $dstr =~ s/([\x00-\x1f\x80-\xff])/sprintf("\\x%.2x",ord $1)/eg;
-                            printf $out "    ES Descriptor: Type=0x%.2x \"$dstr\"\n", $descriptor_tag;
-                        }
-                        # parse type-specific descriptor information (once)
-                        unless ($didPID{$pid}) {
-                            if ($descriptor_tag == 0x81) {  # AC-3
-                                ParseAC3Descriptor($et, \$desc);
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                    $pos += $es_info_length;
-                }
-            }
-            # $pos = $end + 4; # skip CRC
-
-        } elsif (not defined $didPID{$pid}) {
-
-            # save data from the start of each elementary stream
-            if ($payload_unit_start_indicator) {
-                if (defined $data{$pid}) {
-                    # we must have a whole section, so parse now
-                    my $more = ParsePID($et, $pid, $pidType{$pid}, $pidName{$pid}, \$data{$pid});
-                    # start fresh even if we couldn't process this PID yet
-                    delete $data{$pid};
-                    unless ($more) {
-                        delete $needPID{$pid};
-                        $didPID{$pid} = 1;
-                        next;
-                    }
-                    # set flag indicating we found this PID but we still want more
-                    $needPID{$pid} = -1;
-                }
-                # check for a PES header
-                next if $pos + 6 > $pEnd;
-                my $start_code = Get32u(\$buff, $pos);
-                next unless ($start_code & 0xffffff00) == 0x00000100;
-                my $stream_id = $start_code & 0xff;
-                if ($verbose > 1) {
-                    my $pes_packet_length = Get16u(\$buff, $pos + 4);
-                    printf $out "  Stream ID:  0x%.2x\n", $stream_id;
-                    print  $out "  Packet Len: $pes_packet_length\n";
-                }
-                $pos += 6;
-                unless ($noSyntax{$stream_id}) {
-                    next if $pos + 3 > $pEnd;
-                    # validate PES syntax
-                    my $syntax = Get8u(\$buff, $pos) & 0xc0;
-                    $syntax == 0x80 or $et->Warn('Bad PES syntax'), next;
-                    # skip PES header
-                    my $pes_header_data_length = Get8u(\$buff, $pos + 2);
-                    $pos += 3 + $pes_header_data_length;
-                    next if $pos >= $pEnd;
-                }
-                $data{$pid} = substr($buff, $pos, $pEnd-$pos);
-            } else {
-                next unless defined $data{$pid};
-                # accumulate data for each elementary stream
-                $data{$pid} .= substr($buff, $pos, $pEnd-$pos);
-            }
-            # save only the first 256 bytes of most streams, except for
-            # unknown or H.264 streams where we save 1 kB
-            my $saveLen = (not $pidType{$pid} or $pidType{$pid} == 0x1b) ? 1024 : 256;
-            if (length($data{$pid}) >= $saveLen) {
-                my $more = ParsePID($et, $pid, $pidType{$pid}, $pidName{$pid}, \$data{$pid});
-                next if $more < 0;  # wait for program map table (hopefully not too long)
-                delete $data{$pid};
-                $more and $needPID{$pid} = -1, next; # parse more of these
-                delete $needPID{$pid};
-                $didPID{$pid} = 1;
-            }
-            next;
-        }
-        if ($needPID{$pid}) {
-            # we found and parsed a section with this PID, so
-            # delete from the lookup of PID's we still need to parse
-            delete $needPID{$pid};
-            $didPID{$pid} = 1;
-        }
-    }
-
-    # calculate Duration if available
-    if (defined $startTime and defined $endTime and $startTime != $endTime) {
-        $endTime += 0x80000000 * 1200 if $startTime > $endTime; # handle 33-bit wrap
-        $et->HandleTag($tagTablePtr, 'Duration', $endTime - $startTime);
-    }
-
-    if ($verbose) {
-        my @need;
-        foreach (keys %needPID) {
-            push @need, sprintf('0x%.2x',$_) if $needPID{$_} > 0;
-        }
-        if (@need) {
-            @need = sort @need;
-            print $out "End of file.  Missing PID(s): @need\n";
-        } else {
-            my $what = $eof ? 'of file' : 'scan';
-            print $out "End $what.  All PID's parsed.\n";
-        }
-    }
-
-    # parse any remaining partial PID streams
-    my $pid;
-    foreach $pid (sort keys %data) {
-        ParsePID($et, $pid, $pidType{$pid}, $pidName{$pid}, \$data{$pid});
-        delete $data{$pid};
-    }
-    return 1;
-}
-
-1;  # end
-
-__END__
-
-=head1 NAME
-
-Image::ExifTool::M2TS - Read M2TS (AVCHD) meta information
-
-=head1 SYNOPSIS
-
-This module is used by Image::ExifTool
-
-=head1 DESCRIPTION
-
-This module contains routines required by Image::ExifTool to extract
-information from MPEG-2 transport streams, such as those used by AVCHD
-video.
-
-=head1 AUTHOR
-
-Copyright 2003-2014, Phil Harvey (phil at owl.phy.queensu.ca)
-
-This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
-under the same terms as Perl itself.
-
-=head1 REFERENCES
-
-=over 4
-
-=item L<http://neuron2.net/library/mpeg2/iso13818-1.pdf>
-
-=item L<http://www.blu-raydisc.com/Assets/Downloadablefile/BD-RE_Part3_V2.1_WhitePaper_080406-15271.pdf>
-
-=item L<http://www.videohelp.com/forum/archive/reading-avchd-playlist-files-bdmv-playlist-mpl-t358888.html>
-
-=item L<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG_transport_stream>
-
-=item L<http://www.dunod.com/documents/9782100493463/49346_DVB.pdf>
-
-=item L<http://trac.handbrake.fr/browser/trunk/libhb/stream.c>
-
-=item L<http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=04560141>
-
-=item L<http://www.w6rz.net/xport.zip>
-
-=back
-
-=head1 SEE ALSO
-
-L<Image::ExifTool::TagNames/M2TS Tags>,
-L<Image::ExifTool(3pm)|Image::ExifTool>
-
-=cut
-