exiftool_vendored 9.78.0 → 9.99.0

data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.99/lib/Image/ExifTool/ID3.pm

@@ -0,0 +1,1569 @@
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# File:         ID3.pm
+#
+# Description:  Read ID3 meta information
+#
+# Revisions:    09/12/2005 - P. Harvey Created
+#
+# References:   1) http://www.id3.org/
+#               2) http://www.mp3-tech.org/
+#               3) http://www.fortunecity.com/underworld/sonic/3/id3tag.html
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+package Image::ExifTool::ID3;
+
+use strict;
+use vars qw($VERSION);
+use Image::ExifTool qw(:DataAccess :Utils);
+
+$VERSION = '1.46';
+
+sub ProcessID3v2($$$);
+sub ProcessPrivate($$$);
+sub ProcessSynText($$$);
+sub ConvertID3v1Text($$);
+sub ConvertTimeStamp($);
+
+# audio formats that we process after an ID3v2 header (in order)
+my @audioFormats = qw(APE MPC FLAC OGG MP3);
+
+# audio formats where the processing proc is in a differently-named module
+my %audioModule = (
+    MP3 => 'ID3',
+    OGG => 'Ogg',
+);
+
+# picture types for 'PIC' and 'APIC' tags
+# (Note: Duplicated in ID3, ASF and FLAC modules!)
+my %pictureType = (
+    0 => 'Other',
+    1 => '32x32 PNG Icon',
+    2 => 'Other Icon',
+    3 => 'Front Cover',
+    4 => 'Back Cover',
+    5 => 'Leaflet',
+    6 => 'Media',
+    7 => 'Lead Artist',
+    8 => 'Artist',
+    9 => 'Conductor',
+    10 => 'Band',
+    11 => 'Composer',
+    12 => 'Lyricist',
+    13 => 'Recording Studio or Location',
+    14 => 'Recording Session',
+    15 => 'Performance',
+    16 => 'Capture from Movie or Video',
+    17 => 'Bright(ly) Colored Fish',
+    18 => 'Illustration',
+    19 => 'Band Logo',
+    20 => 'Publisher Logo',
+);
+
+my %dateTimeConv = (
+    ValueConv => 'require Image::ExifTool::XMP; Image::ExifTool::XMP::ConvertXMPDate($val)',
+    PrintConv => '$self->ConvertDateTime($val)',
+);
+
+# This table is just for documentation purposes
+%Image::ExifTool::ID3::Main = (
+    VARS => { NO_ID => 1 },
+    NOTES => q{
+        ExifTool extracts ID3 information from MP3, MPEG, AIFF, OGG, FLAC, APE, MPC
+        and RealAudio files.  ID3v2 tags which support multiple languages (eg.
+        Comment and Lyrics) are extracted by specifying the tag name, followed by a
+        dash ('-'), then a 3-character ISO 639-2 language code (eg. "Comment-spa").
+        See L<http://www.id3.org/> for the official ID3 specification and
+        L<http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php> for a list of ISO
+        639-2 language codes.
+    },
+    ID3v1 => {
+        Name => 'ID3v1',
+        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::ID3::v1' },
+    },
+    ID3v1Enh => {
+        Name => 'ID3v1_Enh',
+        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::ID3::v1_Enh' },
+    },
+    ID3v22 => {
+        Name => 'ID3v2_2',
+        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::ID3::v2_2' },
+    },
+    ID3v23 => {
+        Name => 'ID3v2_3',
+        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::ID3::v2_3' },
+    },
+    ID3v24 => {
+        Name => 'ID3v2_4',
+        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::ID3::v2_4' },
+    },
+);
+
+# Mapping for ID3v1 Genre numbers
+my %genre = (
+      0 => 'Blues',
+      1 => 'Classic Rock',
+      2 => 'Country',
+      3 => 'Dance',
+      4 => 'Disco',
+      5 => 'Funk',
+      6 => 'Grunge',
+      7 => 'Hip-Hop',
+      8 => 'Jazz',
+      9 => 'Metal',
+     10 => 'New Age',
+     11 => 'Oldies',
+     12 => 'Other',
+     13 => 'Pop',
+     14 => 'R&B',
+     15 => 'Rap',
+     16 => 'Reggae',
+     17 => 'Rock',
+     18 => 'Techno',
+     19 => 'Industrial',
+     20 => 'Alternative',
+     21 => 'Ska',
+     22 => 'Death Metal',
+     23 => 'Pranks',
+     24 => 'Soundtrack',
+     25 => 'Euro-Techno',
+     26 => 'Ambient',
+     27 => 'Trip-Hop',
+     28 => 'Vocal',
+     29 => 'Jazz+Funk',
+     30 => 'Fusion',
+     31 => 'Trance',
+     32 => 'Classical',
+     33 => 'Instrumental',
+     34 => 'Acid',
+     35 => 'House',
+     36 => 'Game',
+     37 => 'Sound Clip',
+     38 => 'Gospel',
+     39 => 'Noise',
+     40 => 'Alt. Rock', # (was AlternRock)
+     41 => 'Bass',
+     42 => 'Soul',
+     43 => 'Punk',
+     44 => 'Space',
+     45 => 'Meditative',
+     46 => 'Instrumental Pop',
+     47 => 'Instrumental Rock',
+     48 => 'Ethnic',
+     49 => 'Gothic',
+     50 => 'Darkwave',
+     51 => 'Techno-Industrial',
+     52 => 'Electronic',
+     53 => 'Pop-Folk',
+     54 => 'Eurodance',
+     55 => 'Dream',
+     56 => 'Southern Rock',
+     57 => 'Comedy',
+     58 => 'Cult',
+     59 => 'Gangsta Rap', # (was Gansta)
+     60 => 'Top 40',
+     61 => 'Christian Rap',
+     62 => 'Pop/Funk',
+     63 => 'Jungle',
+     64 => 'Native American',
+     65 => 'Cabaret',
+     66 => 'New Wave',
+     67 => 'Psychedelic', # (was misspelt)
+     68 => 'Rave',
+     69 => 'Showtunes',
+     70 => 'Trailer',
+     71 => 'Lo-Fi',
+     72 => 'Tribal',
+     73 => 'Acid Punk',
+     74 => 'Acid Jazz',
+     75 => 'Polka',
+     76 => 'Retro',
+     77 => 'Musical',
+     78 => 'Rock & Roll',
+     79 => 'Hard Rock',
+     # The following genres are Winamp extensions
+     80 => 'Folk',
+     81 => 'Folk-Rock',
+     82 => 'National Folk',
+     83 => 'Swing',
+     84 => 'Fast-Fusion', # (was Fast Fusion)
+     85 => 'Bebop', # (was misspelt)
+     86 => 'Latin',
+     87 => 'Revival',
+     88 => 'Celtic',
+     89 => 'Bluegrass',
+     90 => 'Avantgarde',
+     91 => 'Gothic Rock',
+     92 => 'Progressive Rock',
+     93 => 'Psychedelic Rock',
+     94 => 'Symphonic Rock',
+     95 => 'Slow Rock',
+     96 => 'Big Band',
+     97 => 'Chorus',
+     98 => 'Easy Listening',
+     99 => 'Acoustic',
+    100 => 'Humour',
+    101 => 'Speech',
+    102 => 'Chanson',
+    103 => 'Opera',
+    104 => 'Chamber Music',
+    105 => 'Sonata',
+    106 => 'Symphony',
+    107 => 'Booty Bass',
+    108 => 'Primus',
+    109 => 'Porn Groove',
+    110 => 'Satire',
+    111 => 'Slow Jam',
+    112 => 'Club',
+    113 => 'Tango',
+    114 => 'Samba',
+    115 => 'Folklore',
+    116 => 'Ballad',
+    117 => 'Power Ballad',
+    118 => 'Rhythmic Soul',
+    119 => 'Freestyle',
+    120 => 'Duet',
+    121 => 'Punk Rock',
+    122 => 'Drum Solo',
+    123 => 'A Cappella', # (was Acapella)
+    124 => 'Euro-House',
+    125 => 'Dance Hall',
+    # ref http://yar.hole.ru/MP3Tech/lamedoc/id3.html
+    126 => 'Goa',
+    127 => 'Drum & Bass',
+    128 => 'Club-House',
+    129 => 'Hardcore',
+    130 => 'Terror',
+    131 => 'Indie',
+    132 => 'BritPop',
+    133 => 'Afro-Punk', # (was Negerpunk)
+    134 => 'Polsk Punk',
+    135 => 'Beat',
+    136 => 'Christian Gangsta Rap', # (was Christian Gangsta)
+    137 => 'Heavy Metal',
+    138 => 'Black Metal',
+    139 => 'Crossover',
+    140 => 'Contemporary Christian', # (was Contemporary C)
+    141 => 'Christian Rock',
+    142 => 'Merengue',
+    143 => 'Salsa',
+    144 => 'Thrash Metal',
+    145 => 'Anime',
+    146 => 'JPop',
+    147 => 'Synthpop', # (was SynthPop)
+    # ref http://alicja.homelinux.com/~mats/text/Music/MP3/ID3/Genres.txt
+    # (also used to update some Genres above)
+    148 => 'Abstract',
+    149 => 'Art Rock',
+    150 => 'Baroque',
+    151 => 'Bhangra',
+    152 => 'Big Beat',
+    153 => 'Breakbeat',
+    154 => 'Chillout',
+    155 => 'Downtempo',
+    156 => 'Dub',
+    157 => 'EBM',
+    158 => 'Eclectic',
+    159 => 'Electro',
+    160 => 'Electroclash',
+    161 => 'Emo',
+    162 => 'Experimental',
+    163 => 'Garage',
+    164 => 'Global',
+    165 => 'IDM',
+    166 => 'Illbient',
+    167 => 'Industro-Goth',
+    168 => 'Jam Band',
+    169 => 'Krautrock',
+    170 => 'Leftfield',
+    171 => 'Lounge',
+    172 => 'Math Rock',
+    173 => 'New Romantic',
+    174 => 'Nu-Breakz',
+    175 => 'Post-Punk',
+    176 => 'Post-Rock',
+    177 => 'Psytrance',
+    178 => 'Shoegaze',
+    179 => 'Space Rock',
+    180 => 'Trop Rock',
+    181 => 'World Music',
+    182 => 'Neoclassical',
+    183 => 'Audiobook',
+    184 => 'Audio Theatre',
+    185 => 'Neue Deutsche Welle',
+    186 => 'Podcast',
+    187 => 'Indie Rock',
+    188 => 'G-Funk',
+    189 => 'Dubstep',
+    190 => 'Garage Rock',
+    191 => 'Psybient',
+    255 => 'None',
+    # ID3v2 adds some text short forms...
+    CR  => 'Cover',
+    RX  => 'Remix',
+);
+
+# Tags for ID3v1
+%Image::ExifTool::ID3::v1 = (
+    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::ProcessBinaryData,
+    GROUPS => { 1 => 'ID3v1', 2 => 'Audio' },
+    PRIORITY => 0,  # let ID3v2 tags replace these if they come later
+    3 => {
+        Name => 'Title',
+        Format => 'string[30]',
+        ValueConv => 'Image::ExifTool::ID3::ConvertID3v1Text($self,$val)',
+    },
+    33 => {
+        Name => 'Artist',
+        Groups => { 2 => 'Author' },
+        Format => 'string[30]',
+        ValueConv => 'Image::ExifTool::ID3::ConvertID3v1Text($self,$val)',
+    },
+    63 => {
+        Name => 'Album',
+        Format => 'string[30]',
+        ValueConv => 'Image::ExifTool::ID3::ConvertID3v1Text($self,$val)',
+    },
+    93 => {
+        Name => 'Year',
+        Groups => { 2 => 'Time' },
+        Format => 'string[4]',
+    },
+    97 => {
+        Name => 'Comment',
+        Format => 'string[30]',
+        ValueConv => 'Image::ExifTool::ID3::ConvertID3v1Text($self,$val)',
+    },
+    125 => { # ID3v1.1 (ref http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ID3#Layout)
+        Name => 'Track',
+        Format => 'int8u[2]',
+        Notes => 'v1.1 addition -- last 2 bytes of v1.0 Comment field',
+        RawConv => '($val =~ s/^0 // and $val) ? $val : undef',
+    },
+    127 => {
+        Name => 'Genre',
+        Notes => 'CR and RX are ID3v2 only',
+        Format => 'int8u',
+        PrintConv => \%genre,
+        PrintConvColumns => 3,
+    },
+);
+
+# ID3v1 "Enhanced TAG" information (ref 3)
+%Image::ExifTool::ID3::v1_Enh = (
+    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::ProcessBinaryData,
+    GROUPS => { 1 => 'ID3v1_Enh', 2 => 'Audio' },
+    NOTES => 'ID3 version 1 "Enhanced TAG" information (not part of the official spec).',
+    PRIORITY => 0,  # let ID3v2 tags replace these if they come later
+    4 => {
+        Name => 'Title2',
+        Format => 'string[60]',
+        ValueConv => 'Image::ExifTool::ID3::ConvertID3v1Text($self,$val)',
+    },
+    64 => {
+        Name => 'Artist2',
+        Groups => { 2 => 'Author' },
+        Format => 'string[60]',
+        ValueConv => 'Image::ExifTool::ID3::ConvertID3v1Text($self,$val)',
+    },
+    124 => {
+        Name => 'Album2',
+        Format => 'string[60]',
+        ValueConv => 'Image::ExifTool::ID3::ConvertID3v1Text($self,$val)',
+    },
+    184 => {
+        Name => 'Speed',
+        Format => 'int8u',
+        PrintConv => {
+            1 => 'Slow',
+            2 => 'Medium',
+            3 => 'Fast',
+            4 => 'Hardcore',
+        },
+    },
+    185 => {
+        Name => 'Genre',
+        Format => 'string[30]',
+        ValueConv => 'Image::ExifTool::ID3::ConvertID3v1Text($self,$val)',
+    },
+    215 => {
+        Name => 'StartTime',
+        Format => 'string[6]',
+    },
+    221 => {
+        Name => 'EndTime',
+        Format => 'string[6]',
+    },
+);
+
+# Tags for ID2v2.2
+%Image::ExifTool::ID3::v2_2 = (
+    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::ID3::ProcessID3v2,
+    GROUPS => { 1 => 'ID3v2_2', 2 => 'Audio' },
+    NOTES => q{
+        ExifTool extracts mainly text-based tags from ID3v2 information.  The tags
+        in the tables below are those extracted by ExifTool, and don't represent a
+        complete list of available ID3v2 tags.
+        
+        ID3 version 2.2 tags.  (These are the tags written by iTunes 5.0.)
+    },
+    CNT => 'PlayCounter',
+    COM => 'Comment',
+    IPL => 'InvolvedPeople',
+    PIC => {
+        Name => 'Picture',
+        Groups => { 2 => 'Preview' },
+        Binary => 1,
+        Notes => 'the 3 tags below are also extracted from this PIC frame',
+    },
+    'PIC-1' => { Name => 'PictureFormat',      Groups => { 2 => 'Image' } },
+    'PIC-2' => {
+        Name => 'PictureType',
+        Groups => { 2 => 'Image' },
+        PrintConv => \%pictureType,
+        SeparateTable => 1,
+    },
+    'PIC-3' => { Name => 'PictureDescription', Groups => { 2 => 'Image' } },
+    POP => {
+        Name => 'Popularimeter',
+        PrintConv => '$val=~s/^(.*?) (\d+) (\d+)$/$1 Rating=$2 Count=$3/s; $val',
+    },
+    SLT => {
+        Name => 'SynLyrics',
+        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::ID3::SynLyrics' },
+    },
+    TAL => 'Album',
+    TBP => 'BeatsPerMinute',
+    TCM => 'Composer',
+    TCO =>{
+        Name => 'Genre',
+        Notes => 'uses same lookup table as ID3v1 Genre',
+        PrintConv => 'Image::ExifTool::ID3::PrintGenre($val)',
+    },
+    TCP => { Name => 'Compilation', PrintConv => { 0 => 'No', 1 => 'Yes' } }, # iTunes
+    TCR => { Name => 'Copyright', Groups => { 2 => 'Author' } },
+    TDA => { Name => 'Date', Groups => { 2 => 'Time' } },
+    TDY => 'PlaylistDelay',
+    TEN => 'EncodedBy',
+    TFT => 'FileType',
+    TIM => { Name => 'Time', Groups => { 2 => 'Time' } },
+    TKE => 'InitialKey',
+    TLA => 'Language',
+    TLE => 'Length',
+    TMT => 'Media',
+    TOA => { Name => 'OriginalArtist', Groups => { 2 => 'Author' } },
+    TOF => 'OriginalFileName',
+    TOL => 'OriginalLyricist',
+    TOR => 'OriginalReleaseYear',
+    TOT => 'OriginalAlbum',
+    TP1 => { Name => 'Artist', Groups => { 2 => 'Author' } },
+    TP2 => 'Band',
+    TP3 => 'Conductor',
+    TP4 => 'InterpretedBy',
+    TPA => 'PartOfSet',
+    TPB => 'Publisher',
+    TRC => 'ISRC', # (international standard recording code)
+    TRD => 'RecordingDates',
+    TRK => 'Track',
+    TSI => 'Size',
+    TSS => 'EncoderSettings',
+    TT1 => 'Grouping',
+    TT2 => 'Title',
+    TT3 => 'Subtitle',
+    TXT => 'Lyricist',
+    TXX => 'UserDefinedText',
+    TYE => { Name => 'Year', Groups => { 2 => 'Time' } },
+    ULT => 'Lyrics',
+    WAF => 'FileURL',
+    WAR => { Name => 'ArtistURL', Groups => { 2 => 'Author' } },
+    WAS => 'SourceURL',
+    WCM => 'CommercialURL',
+    WCP => { Name => 'CopyrightURL', Groups => { 2 => 'Author' } },
+    WPB => 'PublisherURL',
+    WXX => 'UserDefinedURL',
+    # the following written by iTunes 10.5 (ref PH)
+    RVA => 'RelativeVolumeAdjustment',
+    TST => 'TitleSortOrder',
+    TSA => 'AlbumSortOrder',
+    TSP => 'PerformerSortOrder',
+    TS2 => 'AlbumArtistSortOrder',
+    TSC => 'ComposerSortOrder',
+    ITU => { Name => 'iTunesU', Description => 'iTunes U', Binary => 1, Unknown => 1 },
+    PCS => { Name => 'Podcast', Binary => 1, Unknown => 1 },
+);
+
+# tags common to ID3v2.3 and ID3v2.4
+my %id3v2_common = (
+  # AENC => 'AudioEncryption', # Owner, preview start, preview length, encr data
+    APIC => {
+        Name => 'Picture',
+        Groups => { 2 => 'Preview' },
+        Binary => 1,
+        Notes => 'the 3 tags below are also extracted from this APIC frame',
+    },
+    'APIC-1' => { Name => 'PictureMIMEType',    Groups => { 2 => 'Image' } },
+    'APIC-2' => {
+        Name => 'PictureType',
+        Groups => { 2 => 'Image' },
+        PrintConv => \%pictureType,
+        SeparateTable => 1,
+    },
+    'APIC-3' => { Name => 'PictureDescription', Groups => { 2 => 'Image' } },
+    COMM => 'Comment',
+  # COMR => 'Commercial',
+  # ENCR => 'EncryptionMethod',
+  # ETCO => 'EventTimingCodes',
+  # GEOB => 'GeneralEncapsulatedObject',
+  # GRID => 'GroupIdentification',
+  # LINK => 'LinkedInformation',
+    MCDI => { Name => 'MusicCDIdentifier', Binary => 1 },
+  # MLLT => 'MPEGLocationLookupTable',
+    OWNE => 'Ownership',
+    PCNT => 'PlayCounter',
+    POPM => {
+        Name => 'Popularimeter',
+        PrintConv => '$val=~s/^(.*?) (\d+) (\d+)$/$1 Rating=$2 Count=$3/s; $val',
+    },
+  # POSS => 'PostSynchronization',
+    PRIV => {
+        Name => 'Private',
+        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::ID3::Private' },
+    },
+  # RBUF => 'RecommendedBufferSize',
+  # RVRB => 'Reverb',
+    SYLT => {
+        Name => 'SynLyrics',
+        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::ID3::SynLyrics' },
+    },
+  # SYTC => 'SynchronizedTempoCodes',
+    TALB => 'Album',
+    TBPM => 'BeatsPerMinute',
+    TCMP => { Name => 'Compilation', PrintConv => { 0 => 'No', 1 => 'Yes' } }, #PH (iTunes)
+    TCOM => 'Composer',
+    TCON =>{
+        Name => 'Genre',
+        Notes => 'uses same lookup table as ID3v1 Genre',
+        PrintConv => 'Image::ExifTool::ID3::PrintGenre($val)',
+    },
+    TCOP => { Name => 'Copyright', Groups => { 2 => 'Author' } },
+    TDLY => 'PlaylistDelay',
+    TENC => 'EncodedBy',
+    TEXT => 'Lyricist',
+    TFLT => 'FileType',
+    TIT1 => 'Grouping',
+    TIT2 => 'Title',
+    TIT3 => 'Subtitle',
+    TKEY => 'InitialKey',
+    TLAN => 'Language',
+    TLEN => {
+        Name => 'Length',
+        ValueConv => '$val / 1000',
+        PrintConv => '"$val s"',
+    },
+    TMED => 'Media',
+    TOAL => 'OriginalAlbum',
+    TOFN => 'OriginalFileName',
+    TOLY => 'OriginalLyricist',
+    TOPE => { Name => 'OriginalArtist', Groups => { 2 => 'Author' } },
+    TOWN => 'FileOwner',
+    TPE1 => { Name => 'Artist', Groups => { 2 => 'Author' } },
+    TPE2 => 'Band',
+    TPE3 => 'Conductor',
+    TPE4 => 'InterpretedBy',
+    TPOS => 'PartOfSet',
+    TPUB => 'Publisher',
+    TRCK => 'Track',
+    TRSN => 'InternetRadioStationName',
+    TRSO => 'InternetRadioStationOwner',
+    TSRC => 'ISRC', # (international standard recording code)
+    TSSE => 'EncoderSettings',
+    TXXX => 'UserDefinedText',
+  # UFID => 'UniqueFileID', (not extracted because it is long and nasty and not very useful)
+    USER => 'TermsOfUse',
+    USLT => 'Lyrics',
+    WCOM => 'CommercialURL',
+    WCOP => 'CopyrightURL',
+    WOAF => 'FileURL',
+    WOAR => { Name => 'ArtistURL', Groups => { 2 => 'Author' } },
+    WOAS => 'SourceURL',
+    WORS => 'InternetRadioStationURL',
+    WPAY => 'PaymentURL',
+    WPUB => 'PublisherURL',
+    WXXX => 'UserDefinedURL',
+#
+# non-standard frames
+#
+    # the following are written by iTunes 10.5 (ref PH)
+    TSO2 => 'AlbumArtistSortOrder',
+    TSOC => 'ComposerSortOrder',
+    ITNU => { Name => 'iTunesU', Description => 'iTunes U', Binary => 1, Unknown => 1 },
+    PCST => { Name => 'Podcast', Binary => 1, Unknown => 1 },
+    # other proprietary Apple tags (ref http://help.mp3tag.de/main_tags.html)
+    TDES => 'PodcastDescription',
+    TGID => 'PodcastID',
+    WFED => 'PodcastURL',
+    TKWD => 'PodcastKeywords',
+    TCAT => 'PodcastCategory',
+    # more non-standard tags (ref http://eyed3.nicfit.net/compliance.html)
+    # NCON - unknown MusicMatch binary data
+    XDOR => { Name => 'OriginalReleaseTime',Groups => { 2 => 'Time' }, %dateTimeConv },
+    XSOA => 'AlbumSortOrder',
+    XSOP => 'PerformerSortOrder',
+    XSOT => 'TitleSortOrder',
+    XOLY => {
+        Name => 'OlympusDSS',
+        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Olympus::DSS' },
+    },
+);
+
+# Tags for ID3v2.3 (http://www.id3.org/id3v2.3.0)
+%Image::ExifTool::ID3::v2_3 = (
+    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::ID3::ProcessID3v2,
+    GROUPS => { 1 => 'ID3v2_3', 2 => 'Audio' },
+    NOTES => q{
+        ID3 version 2.3 tags.  Includes some non-standard tags written by other
+        software.
+    },
+    %id3v2_common,  # include common tags
+  # EQUA => 'Equalization',
+    IPLS => 'InvolvedPeople',
+  # RVAD => 'RelativeVolumeAdjustment',
+    TDAT => { Name => 'Date', Groups => { 2 => 'Time' } },
+    TIME => { Name => 'Time', Groups => { 2 => 'Time' } },
+    TORY => 'OriginalReleaseYear',
+    TRDA => 'RecordingDates',
+    TSIZ => 'Size',
+    TYER => { Name => 'Year', Groups => { 2 => 'Time' } },
+);
+
+# Tags for ID3v2.4 (http://www.id3.org/id3v2.4.0-frames)
+%Image::ExifTool::ID3::v2_4 = (
+    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::ID3::ProcessID3v2,
+    GROUPS => { 1 => 'ID3v2_4', 2 => 'Audio' },
+    NOTES => q{
+        ID3 version 2.4 tags.  Includes some non-standard tags written by other
+        software.
+    },
+    %id3v2_common,  # include common tags
+  # EQU2 => 'Equalization',
+    RVA2 => 'RelativeVolumeAdjustment',
+  # SEEK => 'Seek',
+  # SIGN => 'Signature',
+    TDEN => { Name => 'EncodingTime',       Groups => { 2 => 'Time' }, %dateTimeConv },
+    TDOR => { Name => 'OriginalReleaseTime',Groups => { 2 => 'Time' }, %dateTimeConv },
+    TDRC => { Name => 'RecordingTime',      Groups => { 2 => 'Time' }, %dateTimeConv },
+    TDRL => { Name => 'ReleaseTime',        Groups => { 2 => 'Time' }, %dateTimeConv },
+    TDTG => { Name => 'TaggingTime',        Groups => { 2 => 'Time' }, %dateTimeConv },
+    TIPL => 'InvolvedPeople',
+    TMCL => 'MusicianCredits',
+    TMOO => 'Mood',
+    TPRO => 'ProducedNotice',
+    TSOA => 'AlbumSortOrder',
+    TSOP => 'PerformerSortOrder',
+    TSOT => 'TitleSortOrder',
+    TSST => 'SetSubtitle',
+);
+
+# Synchronized lyrics/text
+%Image::ExifTool::ID3::SynLyrics = (
+    GROUPS => { 1 => 'ID3', 2 => 'Audio' },
+    VARS => { NO_ID => 1 },
+    PROCESS_PROC => \&ProcessSynText,
+    NOTES => 'The following tags are extracted from synchronized lyrics/text frames.',
+    desc => { Name => 'SynchronizedLyricsDescription' },
+    type => {
+        Name => 'SynchronizedLyricsType',
+        PrintConv => {
+            0 => 'Other',
+            1 => 'Lyrics',
+            2 => 'Text Transcription',
+            3 => 'Movement/part Name',
+            4 => 'Events',
+            5 => 'Chord',
+            6 => 'Trivia/"pop-up" Information',
+            7 => 'Web Page URL',
+            8 => 'Image URL',
+        },
+    },
+    text => {
+        Name => 'SynchronizedLyricsText',
+        List => 1,
+        Notes => q{
+            each list item has a leading time stamp in square brackets.  Time stamps may
+            be in seconds with format [MM:SS.ss], or MPEG frames with format [FFFF],
+            depending on how this information was stored
+        },
+        PrintConv => \&ConvertTimeStamp,
+    },
+);
+
+# ID3 PRIV tags (ref PH)
+%Image::ExifTool::ID3::Private = (
+    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::ID3::ProcessPrivate,
+    GROUPS => { 1 => 'ID3', 2 => 'Audio' },
+    VARS => { NO_ID => 1 },
+    NOTES => q{
+        ID3 private (PRIV) tags.  ExifTool will decode any private tags found, even
+        if they do not appear in this table.
+    },
+    XMP => {
+        SubDirectory => {
+            DirName => 'XMP',
+            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::XMP::Main',
+        },
+    },
+    PeakValue => {
+        ValueConv => 'length($val)==4 ? unpack("V",$val) : \$val',
+    },
+    AverageLevel => {
+        ValueConv => 'length($val)==4 ? unpack("V",$val) : \$val',
+    },
+    # Windows Media attributes ("/" in tag ID is converted to "_" by ProcessPrivate)
+    WM_WMContentID => {
+        Name => 'WM_ContentID',
+        ValueConv => 'require Image::ExifTool::ASF; Image::ExifTool::ASF::GetGUID($val)',
+    },
+    WM_WMCollectionID => {
+        Name => 'WM_CollectionID',
+        ValueConv => 'require Image::ExifTool::ASF; Image::ExifTool::ASF::GetGUID($val)',
+    },
+    WM_WMCollectionGroupID => {
+        Name => 'WM_CollectionGroupID',
+        ValueConv => 'require Image::ExifTool::ASF; Image::ExifTool::ASF::GetGUID($val)',
+    },
+    WM_MediaClassPrimaryID => {
+        ValueConv => 'require Image::ExifTool::ASF; Image::ExifTool::ASF::GetGUID($val)',
+    },
+    WM_MediaClassSecondaryID => {
+        ValueConv => 'require Image::ExifTool::ASF; Image::ExifTool::ASF::GetGUID($val)',
+    },
+    WM_Provider => {
+        ValueConv => '$self->Decode($val,"UCS2","II")', #PH (NC)
+    },
+    # there are lots more WM tags that could be decoded if I had samples or documentation - PH
+    # WM/AlbumArtist
+    # WM/AlbumTitle
+    # WM/Category
+    # WM/Composer
+    # WM/Conductor
+    # WM/ContentDistributor
+    # WM/ContentGroupDescription
+    # WM/EncodingTime
+    # WM/Genre
+    # WM/GenreID
+    # WM/InitialKey
+    # WM/Language
+    # WM/Lyrics
+    # WM/MCDI
+    # WM/MediaClassPrimaryID
+    # WM/MediaClassSecondaryID
+    # WM/Mood
+    # WM/ParentalRating
+    # WM/Period
+    # WM/ProtectionType
+    # WM/Provider
+    # WM/ProviderRating
+    # WM/ProviderStyle
+    # WM/Publisher
+    # WM/SubscriptionContentID
+    # WM/SubTitle
+    # WM/TrackNumber
+    # WM/UniqueFileIdentifier
+    # WM/WMCollectionGroupID
+    # WM/WMCollectionID
+    # WM/WMContentID
+    # WM/Writer
+    # WM/Year
+);
+
+# lookup to check for existence of tags in other ID3 versions
+my %otherTable = (
+    \%Image::ExifTool::ID3::v2_4 => \%Image::ExifTool::ID3::v2_3,
+    \%Image::ExifTool::ID3::v2_3 => \%Image::ExifTool::ID3::v2_4,
+);
+
+# ID3 Composite tags
+%Image::ExifTool::ID3::Composite = (
+    GROUPS => { 2 => 'Image' },
+    DateTimeOriginal => {
+        Description => 'Date/Time Original',
+        Groups => { 2 => 'Time' },
+        Priority => 0,
+        Desire => {
+            0 => 'ID3:RecordingTime',
+            1 => 'ID3:Year',
+            2 => 'ID3:Date',
+            3 => 'ID3:Time',
+        },
+        ValueConv => q{
+            return $val[0] if $val[0];
+            return undef unless $val[1];
+            return $val[1] unless $val[2] and $val[2] =~ /^(\d{2})(\d{2})$/;
+            $val[1] .= ":$1:$2";
+            return $val[1] unless $val[3] and $val[3] =~ /^(\d{2})(\d{2})$/;
+            return "$val[1] $1:$2";
+        },
+        PrintConv => '$self->ConvertDateTime($val)',
+    },
+);
+
+# add our composite tags
+Image::ExifTool::AddCompositeTags('Image::ExifTool::ID3');
+
+# can't share tagInfo hashes between two tables, so we must make
+# copies of the necessary hashes
+{
+    my $tag;
+    foreach $tag (keys %id3v2_common) {
+        next unless ref $id3v2_common{$tag} eq 'HASH';
+        my %tagInfo = %{$id3v2_common{$tag}};
+        # must also copy Groups hash if it exists
+        my $groups = $tagInfo{Groups};
+        $tagInfo{Groups} = { %$groups } if $groups;
+        $Image::ExifTool::ID3::v2_4{$tag} = \%tagInfo;
+    }
+}
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Convert ID3v1 text to exiftool character set
+# Inputs: 0) ExifTool object ref, 1) text string
+# Returns: converted text
+sub ConvertID3v1Text($$)
+{
+    my ($et, $val) = @_;
+    return $et->Decode($val, $et->Options('CharsetID3'));
+}
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Re-format time stamp in synchronized lyrics
+# Inputs: 0) synchronized lyrics entry (eg. "[84.030]Da do do do")
+# Returns: entry with formatted timestamp (eg. "[01:24.03]Da do do do")
+sub ConvertTimeStamp($)
+{
+    my $val = shift;
+    # do nothing if this isn't a time stamp (frame count doesn't contain a decimal)
+    return $val unless $val =~ /^\[(\d+\.\d+)\]/g;
+    my $time = $1;
+    # print hours only if more than 60 minutes
+    my $h = int($time / 3600);
+    if ($h) {
+        $time -= $h * 3600;
+        $h = "$h:";
+    } else {
+        $h = '';
+    }
+    my $m = int($time / 60);
+    my $s = $time - $m * 60;
+    return sprintf('[%s%.2d:%05.2f]', $h, $m, $s) . substr($val, pos($val));
+}
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Process ID3 synchronized lyrics/text
+# Inputs: 0) ExifTool object ref, 1) dirInfo ref, 2) tag table ref
+sub ProcessSynText($$$)
+{
+    my ($et, $dirInfo, $tagTablePtr) = @_;
+    my $dataPt = $$dirInfo{DataPt};
+
+    $et->VerboseDir('SynLyrics', 0, length $$dataPt);
+    return unless length $$dataPt > 6;
+
+    my ($enc,$lang,$timeCode,$type) = unpack('Ca3CC', $$dataPt);
+    $lang = lc $lang;
+    undef $lang if $lang !~ /^[a-z]{3}$/ or $lang eq 'eng';
+    pos($$dataPt) = 6;
+    my ($termLen, $pat);
+    if ($enc == 1 or $enc == 2) {
+        $$dataPt =~ /\G(..)*?\0\0/sg or return;
+        $termLen = 2;
+        $pat = '\G(?:..)*?\0\0(....)';
+    } else {
+        $$dataPt =~ /\0/g or return;
+        $termLen = 1;
+        $pat = '\0(....)';
+    }
+    my $desc = substr($$dataPt, 6, pos($$dataPt) - 6 - $termLen);
+    $desc = DecodeString($et, $desc, $enc);
+
+    my $tagInfo = $et->GetTagInfo($tagTablePtr, 'desc');
+    $tagInfo = Image::ExifTool::GetLangInfo($tagInfo, $lang) if $lang;
+    $et->HandleTag($tagTablePtr, 'type', $type);
+    $et->HandleTag($tagTablePtr, 'desc', $desc, TagInfo => $tagInfo);
+    $tagInfo = $et->GetTagInfo($tagTablePtr, 'text');
+    $tagInfo = Image::ExifTool::GetLangInfo($tagInfo, $lang) if $lang;
+
+    for (;;) {
+        my $pos = pos $$dataPt;
+        last unless $$dataPt =~ /$pat/sg;
+        my $time = unpack('N', $1);
+        my $text = substr($$dataPt, $pos, pos($$dataPt) - $pos - 4 - $termLen);
+        $text = DecodeString($et, $text, $enc);
+        my $timeStr;
+        if ($timeCode == 2) { # time in ms
+            $timeStr = sprintf('%.3f', $time / 1000);
+        } else {              # time in MPEG frames
+            $timeStr = sprintf('%.4d', $time);
+            $timeStr .= '?' if $timeCode != 1;
+        }
+        $et->HandleTag($tagTablePtr, 'text', "[$timeStr]$text", TagInfo => $tagInfo);
+    }
+}
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Process ID3 PRIV data
+# Inputs: 0) ExifTool object ref, 1) dirInfo ref, 2) tag table ref
+sub ProcessPrivate($$$)
+{
+    my ($et, $dirInfo, $tagTablePtr) = @_;
+    my $dataPt = $$dirInfo{DataPt};
+    my ($tag, $start);
+    $et->VerboseDir('PRIV', 0, length $$dataPt);
+    if ($$dataPt =~ /^(.*?)\0/s) {
+        $tag = $1;
+        $start = length($tag) + 1;
+    } else {
+        $tag = '';
+        $start = 0;
+    }
+    unless ($$tagTablePtr{$tag}) {
+        $tag =~ tr{/ }{_}d; # translate '/' to '_' and remove spaces
+        $tag = 'private' unless $tag =~ /^[-\w]{1,24}$/;
+        unless ($$tagTablePtr{$tag}) {
+            AddTagToTable($tagTablePtr, $tag,
+                { Name => ucfirst($tag), Binary => 1 });
+        }
+    }
+    my $key = $et->HandleTag($tagTablePtr, $tag, undef,
+        Size  => length($$dataPt) - $start,
+        Start => $start,
+        DataPt => $dataPt,
+    );
+    # set group1 name
+    $et->SetGroup($key, $$et{ID3_Ver}) if $key;
+}
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Print ID3v2 Genre
+# Inputs: TCON or TCO frame data
+# Returns: Content type with decoded genre numbers
+sub PrintGenre($)
+{
+    my $val = shift;
+    # make sure that %genre has an entry for all numbers we are interested in
+    # (genre numbers are in brackets for ID3v2.2 and v2.3)
+    while ($val =~ /\((\d+)\)/g) {
+        $genre{$1} or $genre{$1} = "Unknown ($1)";
+    }
+    # (genre numbers are separated by nulls in ID3v2.4,
+    #  but nulls are converted to '/' by DecodeString())
+    while ($val =~ /(?:^|\/)(\d+)(\/|$)/g) {
+        $genre{$1} or $genre{$1} = "Unknown ($1)";
+    }
+    $val =~ s/\((\d+)\)/\($genre{$1}\)/g;
+    $val =~ s/(^|\/)(\d+)(\/|$)/$1$genre{$2}$3/g;
+    $val =~ s/^\(([^)]+)\)\1?$/$1/; # clean up by removing brackets and duplicates
+    return $val;
+}
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Decode ID3 string
+# Inputs: 0) ExifTool object reference
+#         1) string beginning with encoding byte unless specified as argument
+#         2) optional encoding (0=ISO-8859-1, 1=UTF-16 BOM, 2=UTF-16BE, 3=UTF-8)
+# Returns: Decoded string in scalar context, or list of strings in list context
+sub DecodeString($$;$)
+{
+    my ($et, $val, $enc) = @_;
+    return '' unless length $val;
+    unless (defined $enc) {
+        $enc = unpack('C', $val);
+        $val = substr($val, 1); # remove encoding byte
+    }
+    my @vals;
+    if ($enc == 0 or $enc == 3) { # ISO 8859-1 or UTF-8
+        $val =~ s/\0+$//;   # remove any null padding
+        # (must split before converting because conversion routines truncate at null)
+        @vals = split "\0", $val;
+        foreach $val (@vals) {
+            $val = $et->Decode($val, $enc ? 'UTF8' : 'Latin');
+        }
+    } elsif ($enc == 1 or $enc == 2) {  # UTF-16 with BOM, or UTF-16BE
+        my $bom = "\xfe\xff";
+        my %order = ( "\xfe\xff" => 'MM', "\xff\xfe", => 'II' );
+        for (;;) {
+            my $v;
+            # split string at null terminators on word boundaries
+            if ($val =~ s/((..)*?)\0\0//s) {
+                $v = $1;
+            } else {
+                last unless length $val > 1;
+                $v = $val;
+                $val = '';
+            }
+            $bom = $1 if $v =~ s/^(\xfe\xff|\xff\xfe)//;
+            push @vals, $et->Decode($v, 'UCS2', $order{$bom});
+        }
+    } else {
+        $val =~ s/\0+$//;
+        return "<Unknown encoding $enc> $val";
+    }
+    return @vals if wantarray;
+    return join('/',@vals);
+}
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Convert sync-safe integer to a number we can use
+# Inputs: 0) int32u sync-safe value
+# Returns: actual number or undef on invalid value
+sub UnSyncSafe($)
+{
+    my $val = shift;
+    return undef if $val & 0x80808080;
+    return ($val & 0x0000007f) |
+          (($val & 0x00007f00) >> 1) |
+          (($val & 0x007f0000) >> 2) |
+          (($val & 0x7f000000) >> 3);
+}
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Process ID3v2 information
+# Inputs: 0) ExifTool object ref, 1) dirInfo ref, 2) tag table ref
+sub ProcessID3v2($$$)
+{
+    my ($et, $dirInfo, $tagTablePtr) = @_;
+    my $dataPt  = $$dirInfo{DataPt};
+    my $offset  = $$dirInfo{DirStart};
+    my $size    = $$dirInfo{DirLen};
+    my $vers    = $$dirInfo{Version};
+    my $verbose = $et->Options('Verbose');
+    my $len;    # frame data length
+
+    $verbose and $et->VerboseDir($tagTablePtr->{GROUPS}->{1}, 0, $size);
+
+    for (;;$offset+=$len) {
+        my ($id, $flags, $hi);
+        if ($vers < 0x0300) {
+            # version 2.2 frame header is 6 bytes
+            last if $offset + 6 > $size;
+            ($id, $hi, $len) = unpack("x${offset}a3Cn",$$dataPt);
+            last if $id eq "\0\0\0";
+            $len += $hi << 16;
+            $offset += 6;
+        } else {
+            # version 2.3/2.4 frame header is 10 bytes
+            last if $offset + 10 > $size;
+            ($id, $len, $flags) = unpack("x${offset}a4Nn",$$dataPt);
+            last if $id eq "\0\0\0\0";
+            $offset += 10;
+            # length is a "sync-safe" integer by the ID3v2.4 specification, but
+            # reportedly some versions of iTunes write this as a normal integer
+            # (ref http://www.id3.org/iTunes)
+            while ($vers >= 0x0400 and $len > 0x7f and not $len & 0x80808080) {
+                my $oldLen = $len;
+                $len =  UnSyncSafe($len);
+                if (not defined $len or $offset + $len + 10 > $size) {
+                    $et->Warn('Invalid ID3 frame size');
+                    last;
+                }
+                # check next ID to see if it makes sense
+                my $nextID = substr($$dataPt, $offset + $len, 4);
+                last if $$tagTablePtr{$nextID};
+                # try again with the incorrect length word (patch for iTunes bug)
+                last if $offset + $oldLen + 10 > $size;
+                $nextID = substr($$dataPt, $offset + $len, 4);
+                $len = $oldLen if $$tagTablePtr{$nextID};
+                last; # yes, "while" was really a "goto" in disguise
+            }
+        }
+        last if $offset + $len > $size;
+        my $tagInfo = $et->GetTagInfo($tagTablePtr, $id);
+        unless ($tagInfo) {
+            my $otherTable = $otherTable{$tagTablePtr};
+            $tagInfo = $et->GetTagInfo($otherTable, $id) if $otherTable;
+            if ($tagInfo) {
+                $et->WarnOnce("Frame '$id' is not valid for this ID3 version", 1);
+            } else {
+                next unless $verbose or $et->Options('Unknown');
+                $id =~ tr/-A-Za-z0-9_//dc;
+                $id = 'unknown' unless length $id;
+                unless ($$tagTablePtr{$id}) {
+                    $tagInfo = { Name => "ID3_$id", Binary => 1 };
+                    AddTagToTable($tagTablePtr, $id, $tagInfo);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        # decode v2.3 and v2.4 flags
+        my %flags;
+        if ($flags) {
+            if ($vers < 0x0400) {
+                # version 2.3 flags
+                $flags & 0x80 and $flags{Compress} = 1;
+                $flags & 0x40 and $flags{Encrypt}  = 1;
+                $flags & 0x20 and $flags{GroupID}  = 1;
+            } else {
+                # version 2.4 flags
+                $flags & 0x40 and $flags{GroupID}  = 1;
+                $flags & 0x08 and $flags{Compress} = 1;
+                $flags & 0x04 and $flags{Encrypt}  = 1;
+                $flags & 0x02 and $flags{Unsync}   = 1;
+                $flags & 0x01 and $flags{DataLen}  = 1;
+            }
+        }
+        if ($flags{Encrypt}) {
+            $et->WarnOnce('Encrypted frames currently not supported');
+            next;
+        }
+        # extract the value
+        my $val = substr($$dataPt, $offset, $len);
+
+        # reverse the unsynchronization
+        $val =~ s/\xff\x00/\xff/g if $flags{Unsync};
+
+        # read grouping identity
+        if ($flags{GroupID}) {
+            length($val) >= 1 or $et->Warn("Short $id frame"), next;
+            $val = substr($val, 1); # (ignore it)
+        }
+        # read data length
+        my $dataLen;
+        if ($flags{DataLen} or $flags{Compress}) {
+            length($val) >= 4 or $et->Warn("Short $id frame"), next;
+            $dataLen = unpack('N', $val);   # save the data length word
+            $val = substr($val, 4);
+        }
+        # uncompress data
+        if ($flags{Compress}) {
+            if (eval { require Compress::Zlib }) {
+                my $inflate = Compress::Zlib::inflateInit();
+                my ($buff, $stat);
+                $inflate and ($buff, $stat) = $inflate->inflate($val);
+                if ($inflate and $stat == Compress::Zlib::Z_STREAM_END()) {
+                    $val = $buff;
+                } else {
+                    $et->Warn("Error inflating $id frame");
+                    next;
+                }
+            } else {
+                $et->WarnOnce('Install Compress::Zlib to decode compressed frames');
+                next;
+            }
+        }
+        # validate data length
+        if (defined $dataLen) {
+            $dataLen = UnSyncSafe($dataLen);
+            defined $dataLen or $et->Warn("Invalid length for $id frame"), next;
+            $dataLen == length($val) or $et->Warn("Wrong length for $id frame"), next;
+        }
+        unless ($tagInfo) {
+            $verbose and $et->VerboseInfo($id, $tagInfo,
+                Table   => $tagTablePtr,
+                Value   => $val,
+                DataPt  => $dataPt,
+                DataPos => $$dirInfo{DataPos},
+                Size    => $len,
+                Start   => $offset,
+            );
+            next;
+        }
+#
+# decode data in this frame (it is bad form to hard-code these, but the ID3 frame formats
+# are so variable that it would be more work to define format types for each of them)
+#
+        my $lang;
+        my $valLen = length($val);  # actual value length (after decompression, etc)
+        if ($id =~ /^(TXX|TXXX)$/) {
+            # two encoded strings separated by a null
+            my @vals = DecodeString($et, $val);
+            foreach (0..1) { $vals[$_] = '' unless defined $vals[$_]; }
+            ($val = "($vals[0]) $vals[1]") =~ s/^\(\) //;
+        } elsif ($id =~ /^T/ or $id =~ /^(IPL|IPLS)$/) {
+            $val = DecodeString($et, $val);
+        } elsif ($id =~ /^(WXX|WXXX)$/) {
+            # one encoded string and one Latin string separated by a null
+            my $enc = unpack('C', $val);
+            my $url;
+            if ($enc == 1 or $enc == 2) {
+                ($val, $url) = ($val =~ /^(.(?:..)*?)\0\0(.*)/s);
+            } else {
+                ($val, $url) = ($val =~ /^(..*?)\0(.*)/s);
+            }
+            unless (defined $val and defined $url) {
+                $et->Warn("Invalid $id frame value");
+                next;
+            }
+            $val = DecodeString($et, $val);
+            $url =~ s/\0.*//s;
+            $val = length($val) ? "($val) $url" : $url;
+        } elsif ($id =~ /^W/) {
+            $val =~ s/\0.*//s;  # truncate at null
+        } elsif ($id =~ /^(COM|COMM|ULT|USLT)$/) {
+            $valLen > 4 or $et->Warn("Short $id frame"), next;
+            $lang = substr($val,1,3);
+            my @vals = DecodeString($et, substr($val,4), Get8u(\$val,0));
+            foreach (0..1) { $vals[$_] = '' unless defined $vals[$_]; }
+            $val = length($vals[0]) ? "($vals[0]) $vals[1]" : $vals[1];
+        } elsif ($id eq 'USER') {
+            $valLen > 4 or $et->Warn("Short $id frame"), next;
+            $lang = substr($val,1,3);
+            $val = DecodeString($et, substr($val,4), Get8u(\$val,0));
+        } elsif ($id =~ /^(CNT|PCNT)$/) {
+            $valLen >= 4 or $et->Warn("Short $id frame"), next;
+            my ($cnt, @xtra) = unpack('NC*', $val);
+            $cnt = ($cnt << 8) + $_ foreach @xtra;
+            $val = $cnt;
+        } elsif ($id =~ /^(PIC|APIC)$/) {
+            $valLen >= 4 or $et->Warn("Short $id frame"), next;
+            my ($hdr, $attr);
+            my $enc = unpack('C', $val);
+            if ($enc == 1 or $enc == 2) {
+                $hdr = ($id eq 'PIC') ? ".(...)(.)((?:..)*?)\0\0" : ".(.*?)\0(.)((?:..)*?)\0\0";
+            } else {
+                $hdr = ($id eq 'PIC') ? ".(...)(.)(.*?)\0"        : ".(.*?)\0(.)(.*?)\0";
+            }
+            # remove header (encoding, image format or MIME type, picture type, description)
+            $val =~ s/^$hdr//s or $et->Warn("Invalid $id frame"), next;
+            my @attrs = ($1, ord($2), DecodeString($et, $3, $enc));
+            my $i = 1;
+            foreach $attr (@attrs) {
+                # must store descriptions even if they are empty to maintain
+                # sync between copy numbers when multiple images
+                $et->HandleTag($tagTablePtr, "$id-$i", $attr);
+                ++$i;
+            }
+        } elsif ($id eq 'POP' or $id eq 'POPM') {
+            # _email, 00, rating(1), counter(4-N)
+            my ($email, $dat) = ($val =~ /^([^\0]*)\0(.*)$/s);
+            unless (defined $dat and length($dat)) {
+                $et->Warn("Invalid $id frame");
+                next;
+            }
+            my ($rating, @xtra) = unpack('C*', $dat);
+            my $cnt = 0;
+            $cnt = ($cnt << 8) + $_ foreach @xtra;
+            $val = "$email $rating $cnt";
+        } elsif ($id eq 'OWNE') {
+            # enc(1), _price, 00, _date(8), Seller
+            my @strs = DecodeString($et, $val);
+            $strs[1] =~ s/^(\d{4})(\d{2})(\d{2})/$1:$2:$3 /s if $strs[1]; # format date
+            $val = "@strs";
+        } elsif ($id eq 'RVA' or $id eq 'RVAD') {
+            my @dat = unpack('C*', $val);
+            my $flag = shift @dat;
+            my $bits = shift @dat or $et->Warn("Short $id frame"), next;
+            my $bytes = int(($bits + 7) / 8);
+            my @parse = (['Right',0,2,0x01],['Left',1,3,0x02],['Back-right',4,6,0x04],
+                         ['Back-left',5,7,0x08],['Center',8,9,0x10],['Bass',10,11,0x20]);
+            $val = '';
+            while (@parse) {
+                my $elem = shift @parse;
+                my $j = $$elem[2] * $bytes;
+                last if scalar(@dat) < $j + $bytes;
+                my $i = $$elem[1] * $bytes;
+                $val .= ', ' if $val;
+                my ($rel, $pk, $b);
+                for ($rel=0, $pk=0, $b=0; $b<$bytes; ++$b) {
+                    $rel = $rel * 256 + $dat[$i + $b];
+                    $pk  = $pk  * 256 + $dat[$j + $b]; # (peak - not used in printout)
+                }
+                $rel =-$rel unless $flag & $$elem[3];
+                $val .= sprintf("%+.1f%% %s", 100 * $rel / ((1<<$bits)-1), $$elem[0]);
+            }
+        } elsif ($id eq 'RVA2') {
+            my ($pos, $id) = $val=~/^([^\0]*)\0/s ? (length($1)+1, $1) : (1, '');
+            my @vals;
+            while ($pos + 4 <= $valLen) {
+                my $type = Get8u(\$val, $pos);
+                my $str = ({
+                    0 => 'Other',
+                    1 => 'Master',
+                    2 => 'Front-right',
+                    3 => 'Front-left',
+                    4 => 'Back-right',
+                    5 => 'Back-left',
+                    6 => 'Front-centre',
+                    7 => 'Back-centre',
+                    8 => 'Subwoofer',
+                }->{$type} || "Unknown($type)");
+                my $db = Get16s(\$val,$pos+1) / 512;
+                # convert dB to percent as displayed by iTunes 10.5
+                # (not sure why I need to divide by 20 instead of 10 as expected - PH)
+                push @vals, sprintf('%+.1f%% %s', 10**($db/20+2)-100, $str);
+                # step to next channel (ignoring peak volume)
+                $pos += 4 + int((Get8u(\$val,$pos+3) + 7) / 8);
+            }
+            $val = join ', ', @vals;
+            $val .= " ($id)" if $id;
+        } elsif ($id eq 'PRIV') {
+            # save version number to set group1 name for tag later
+            $$et{ID3_Ver} = $$tagTablePtr{GROUPS}{1};
+            $et->HandleTag($tagTablePtr, $id, $val);
+            next;
+        } elsif ($$tagInfo{Format} or $$tagInfo{SubDirectory}) {
+            $et->HandleTag($tagTablePtr, $id, undef, DataPt => \$val);
+            next;
+        } elsif (not $$tagInfo{Binary}) {
+            $et->Warn("Don't know how to handle $id frame");
+            next;
+        }
+        if ($lang and $lang =~ /^[a-z]{3}$/i and $lang ne 'eng') {
+            $tagInfo = Image::ExifTool::GetLangInfo($tagInfo, lc $lang);
+        }
+        $et->HandleTag($tagTablePtr, $id, $val,
+            TagInfo => $tagInfo,
+            DataPt  => $dataPt,
+            DataPos => $$dirInfo{DataPos},
+            Size    => $len,
+            Start   => $offset,
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Extract ID3 information from an audio file
+# Inputs: 0) ExifTool object reference, 1) dirInfo reference
+# Returns: 1 on success, 0 if this file didn't contain ID3 information
+# - also processes audio data if any ID3 information was found
+# - sets ExifTool DoneID3 to 1 when called, or to 2 if an ID3v1 trailer exists
+sub ProcessID3($$)
+{
+    my ($et, $dirInfo) = @_;
+
+    return 0 if $$et{DoneID3};  # avoid infinite recursion
+    $$et{DoneID3} = 1;
+
+    # allow this to be called with either RAF or DataPt
+    my $raf = $$dirInfo{RAF} || new File::RandomAccess($$dirInfo{DataPt});
+    my ($buff, %id3Header, %id3Trailer, $hBuff, $tBuff, $eBuff, $tagTablePtr);
+    my $rtnVal = 0;
+    my $hdrEnd = 0;
+    my $id3Len = 0;
+
+    # read first 3 bytes of file
+    $raf->Seek(0, 0);
+    return 0 unless $raf->Read($buff, 3) == 3;
+#
+# identify ID3v2 header
+#
+    while ($buff =~ /^ID3/) {
+        $rtnVal = 1;
+        $raf->Read($hBuff, 7) == 7 or $et->Warn('Short ID3 header'), last;
+        my ($vers, $flags, $size) = unpack('nCN', $hBuff);
+        $size = UnSyncSafe($size);
+        defined $size or $et->Warn('Invalid ID3 header'), last;
+        my $verStr = sprintf("2.%d.%d", $vers >> 8, $vers & 0xff);
+        if ($vers >= 0x0500) {
+            $et->Warn("Unsupported ID3 version: $verStr");
+            last;
+        }
+        unless ($raf->Read($hBuff, $size) == $size) {
+            $et->Warn('Truncated ID3 data');
+            last;
+        }
+        # this flag only indicates use of unsynchronized frames in ID3v2.4
+        if ($flags & 0x80 and $vers < 0x0400) {
+            # reverse the unsynchronization
+            $hBuff =~ s/\xff\x00/\xff/g;
+        }
+        my $pos = 10;
+        if ($flags & 0x40) {
+            # skip the extended header
+            $size >= 4 or $et->Warn('Bad ID3 extended header'), last;
+            my $len = unpack('N', $hBuff);
+            if ($len > length($hBuff) - 4) {
+                $et->Warn('Truncated ID3 extended header');
+                last;
+            }
+            $hBuff = substr($hBuff, $len + 4);
+            $pos += $len + 4;
+        }
+        if ($flags & 0x10) {
+            # ignore v2.4 footer (10 bytes long)
+            $raf->Seek(10, 1);
+        }
+        %id3Header = (
+            DataPt   => \$hBuff,
+            DataPos  => $pos,
+            DirStart => 0,
+            DirLen   => length($hBuff),
+            Version  => $vers,
+            DirName  => "ID3v$verStr",
+        );
+        $id3Len += length($hBuff) + 10;
+        if ($vers >= 0x0400) {
+            $tagTablePtr = GetTagTable('Image::ExifTool::ID3::v2_4');
+        } elsif ($vers >= 0x0300) {
+            $tagTablePtr = GetTagTable('Image::ExifTool::ID3::v2_3');
+        } else {
+            $tagTablePtr = GetTagTable('Image::ExifTool::ID3::v2_2');
+        }
+        $hdrEnd = $raf->Tell();
+        last;
+    }
+#
+# read ID3v1 trailer if it exists
+#
+    if ($raf->Seek(-128, 2) and $raf->Read($tBuff, 128) == 128 and $tBuff =~ /^TAG/) {
+        $$et{DoneID3} = 2;  # set to 2 as flag that trailer exists
+        %id3Trailer = (
+            DataPt   => \$tBuff,
+            DataPos  => $raf->Tell() - 128,
+            DirStart => 0,
+            DirLen   => length($tBuff),
+        );
+        $id3Len += length($tBuff);
+        $rtnVal = 1;
+        # load 'Enhanced TAG' information if available
+        if ($raf->Seek(-355, 2) and $raf->Read($eBuff, 227) == 227 and $eBuff =~ /^TAG+/) {
+            $id3Trailer{EnhancedTAG} = \$eBuff;
+        }
+    }
+#
+# process the the information
+#
+    if ($rtnVal) {
+        # first process audio data if it exists
+        if ($$dirInfo{RAF}) {
+            my $oldType = $$et{FILE_TYPE};   # save file type
+            # check current file type first
+            my @types = grep /^$oldType$/, @audioFormats;
+            push @types, grep(!/^$oldType$/, @audioFormats);
+            my $type;
+            foreach $type (@types) {
+                # seek to end of ID3 header
+                $raf->Seek($hdrEnd, 0);
+                # set type for this file if we are successful
+                $$et{FILE_TYPE} = $type;
+                my $module = $audioModule{$type} || $type;
+                require "Image/ExifTool/$module.pm" or next;
+                my $func = "Image::ExifTool::${module}::Process$type";
+                # process the file
+                no strict 'refs';
+                &$func($et, $dirInfo) and last;
+                use strict 'refs';
+            }
+            $$et{FILE_TYPE} = $oldType;      # restore original file type
+        }
+        # set file type to MP3 if we didn't find audio data
+        $et->SetFileType('MP3');
+        # record the size of the ID3 metadata
+        $et->FoundTag('ID3Size', $id3Len);
+        # process ID3v2 header if it exists
+        if (%id3Header) {
+            $et->VPrint(0, "$id3Header{DirName}:\n");
+            $et->ProcessDirectory(\%id3Header, $tagTablePtr);
+        }
+        # process ID3v1 trailer if it exists
+        if (%id3Trailer) {
+            $et->VPrint(0, "ID3v1:\n");
+            SetByteOrder('MM');
+            $tagTablePtr = GetTagTable('Image::ExifTool::ID3::v1');
+            $et->ProcessDirectory(\%id3Trailer, $tagTablePtr);
+            # process "Enhanced TAG" information if available
+            if ($id3Trailer{EnhancedTAG}) {
+                $et->VPrint(0, "ID3v1 Enhanced TAG:\n");
+                $tagTablePtr = GetTagTable('Image::ExifTool::ID3::v1_Enh');
+                $id3Trailer{DataPt} = $id3Trailer{EnhancedTAG};
+                $id3Trailer{DataPos} -= 227; # (227 = length of Enhanced TAG block)
+                $id3Trailer{DirLen} = 227;
+                $et->ProcessDirectory(\%id3Trailer, $tagTablePtr);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    # return file pointer to start of file to read audio data if necessary
+    $raf->Seek(0, 0);
+    return $rtnVal;
+}
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Extract ID3 information from an MP3 audio file
+# Inputs: 0) ExifTool object reference, 1) dirInfo reference
+# Returns: 1 on success, 0 if this wasn't a valid MP3 file
+sub ProcessMP3($$)
+{
+    my ($et, $dirInfo) = @_;
+    my $rtnVal = 0;
+
+    # must first check for leading/trailing ID3 information
+    # (and process the rest of the file if found)
+    unless ($$et{DoneID3}) {
+        $rtnVal = ProcessID3($et, $dirInfo);
+    }
+
+    # check for MPEG A/V data if not already processed above
+    unless ($rtnVal) {
+        my $raf = $$dirInfo{RAF};
+        my $buff;
+#
+# extract information from first audio/video frame headers
+# (if found in the first $scanLen bytes)
+#
+        # scan further into a file that should be an MP3
+        my $scanLen = ($$et{FILE_EXT} and $$et{FILE_EXT} eq 'MP3') ? 8192 : 256;
+        if ($raf->Read($buff, $scanLen)) {
+            require Image::ExifTool::MPEG;
+            if ($buff =~ /\0\0\x01(\xb3|\xc0)/) {
+                # look for A/V headers in first 64kB
+                my $buf2;
+                $raf->Read($buf2, 0x10000 - $scanLen) and $buff .= $buf2;
+                $rtnVal = 1 if Image::ExifTool::MPEG::ParseMPEGAudioVideo($et, \$buff);
+            } else {
+                # look for audio frame sync in first $scanLen bytes
+                # (set MP3 flag to 1 so this will fail unless layer 3 audio)
+                my $ext = $$et{FILE_EXT} || '';
+                my $mp3 = ($ext eq 'MUS') ? 0 : 1;  # MUS files are MP2
+                $rtnVal = 1 if Image::ExifTool::MPEG::ParseMPEGAudio($et, \$buff, $mp3);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    # check for an APE trailer if this was a valid A/V file and we haven't already done it
+    if ($rtnVal and not $$et{DoneAPE}) {
+        require Image::ExifTool::APE;
+        Image::ExifTool::APE::ProcessAPE($et, $dirInfo);
+    }
+    return $rtnVal;
+}
+
+1;  # end
+
+__END__
+
+=head1 NAME
+
+Image::ExifTool::ID3 - Read ID3 meta information
+
+=head1 SYNOPSIS
+
+This module is used by Image::ExifTool
+
+=head1 DESCRIPTION
+
+This module contains definitions required by Image::ExifTool to extract ID3
+information from audio files.  ID3 information is found in MP3 and various
+other types of audio files.
+
+=head1 AUTHOR
+
+Copyright 2003-2015, Phil Harvey (phil at owl.phy.queensu.ca)
+
+This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+under the same terms as Perl itself.
+
+=head1 REFERENCES
+
+=over 4
+
+=item L<http://www.id3.org/>
+
+=item L<http://www.mp3-tech.org/>
+
+=item L<http://www.fortunecity.com/underworld/sonic/3/id3tag.html>
+
+=back
+
+=head1 SEE ALSO
+
+L<Image::ExifTool::TagNames/ID3 Tags>,
+L<Image::ExifTool(3pm)|Image::ExifTool>
+
+=cut
+