exiftool_vendored 9.78.0 → 9.99.0

data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.78/lib/Image/ExifTool/BigTIFF.pm

@@ -1,282 +0,0 @@
-#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# File:         BigTIFF.pm
-#
-# Description:  Read Big TIFF meta information
-#
-# Revisions:    07/03/2007 - P. Harvey Created
-#
-# References:   1) http://www.awaresystems.be/imaging/tiff/bigtiff.html
-#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-package Image::ExifTool::BigTIFF;
-
-use strict;
-use vars qw($VERSION);
-use Image::ExifTool qw(:DataAccess :Utils);
-use Image::ExifTool::Exif;
-
-$VERSION = '1.06';
-
-my $maxOffset = 0x7fffffff; # currently supported maximum data offset/size
-
-#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Process Big IFD directory
-# Inputs: 0) ExifTool object ref, 1) dirInfo ref, 2) tag table ref
-# Returns: 1 on success, otherwise returns 0 and sets a Warning
-sub ProcessBigIFD($$$)
-{
-    my ($et, $dirInfo, $tagTablePtr) = @_;
-    my $raf = $$dirInfo{RAF};
-    my $verbose = $$et{OPTIONS}{Verbose};
-    my $htmlDump = $$et{HTML_DUMP};
-    my $dirName = $$dirInfo{DirName};
-    my $dirStart = $$dirInfo{DirStart};
-
-    $verbose = -1 if $htmlDump; # mix htmlDump into verbose so we can test for both at once
-
-    # loop through IFD chain
-    for (;;) {
-        if ($dirStart > $maxOffset and not $et->Options('LargeFileSupport')) {
-            $et->Warn('Huge offsets not supported (LargeFileSupport not set)');
-            last;
-        }
-        unless ($raf->Seek($dirStart, 0)) {
-            $et->Warn("Bad $dirName offset");
-            return 0;
-        }
-        my ($dirBuff, $index);
-        unless ($raf->Read($dirBuff, 8) == 8) {
-            $et->Warn("Truncated $dirName count");
-            return 0;
-        }
-        my $numEntries = Image::ExifTool::Get64u(\$dirBuff, 0);
-        $verbose > 0 and $et->VerboseDir($dirName, $numEntries);
-        my $bsize = $numEntries * 20;
-        if ($bsize > $maxOffset) {
-            $et->Warn('Huge directory counts not yet supported');
-            last;
-        }
-        my $bufPos = $raf->Tell();
-        unless ($raf->Read($dirBuff, $bsize) == $bsize) {
-            $et->Warn("Truncated $dirName directory");
-            return 0;
-        }
-        my $nextIFD;
-        $raf->Read($nextIFD, 8) == 8 or undef $nextIFD; # try to read next IFD pointer
-        if ($htmlDump) {
-            $et->HDump($bufPos-8, 8, "$dirName entries", "Entry count: $numEntries");
-            if (defined $nextIFD) {
-                my $tip = sprintf("Offset: 0x%.8x", Image::ExifTool::Get64u(\$nextIFD, 0));
-                $et->HDump($bufPos + 20 * $numEntries, 8, "Next IFD", $tip, 0);
-            }
-        }
-        # loop through all entries in this BigTIFF IFD
-        for ($index=0; $index<$numEntries; ++$index) {
-            my $entry = 20 * $index;
-            my $tagID = Get16u(\$dirBuff, $entry);
-            my $format = Get16u(\$dirBuff, $entry+2);
-            my $count = Image::ExifTool::Get64u(\$dirBuff, $entry+4);
-            my $formatSize = $Image::ExifTool::Exif::formatSize[$format];
-            unless (defined $formatSize) {
-                $et->HDump($bufPos+$entry,20,"[invalid IFD entry]",
-                           "Bad format value: $format", 1);
-                # warn unless the IFD was just padded with zeros
-                $et->Warn(sprintf("Unknown format ($format) for $dirName tag 0x%x",$tagID));
-                return 0; # assume corrupted IFD
-            }
-            my $formatStr = $Image::ExifTool::Exif::formatName[$format];
-            my $size = $count * $formatSize;
-            my $tagInfo = $et->GetTagInfo($tagTablePtr, $tagID);
-            next unless defined $tagInfo or $verbose;
-            my $valuePtr = $entry + 12;
-            my ($valBuff, $valBase, $rational);
-            if ($size > 8) {
-                if ($size > $maxOffset) {
-                    $et->Warn("Can't handle $dirName entry $index (huge size)");
-                    next;
-                }
-                $valuePtr = Image::ExifTool::Get64u(\$dirBuff, $valuePtr);
-                if ($valuePtr > $maxOffset and not $et->Options('LargeFileSupport')) {
-                    $et->Warn("Can't handle $dirName entry $index (LargeFileSupport not set)");
-                    next;
-                }
-                unless ($raf->Seek($valuePtr, 0) and $raf->Read($valBuff, $size) == $size) {
-                    $et->Warn("Error reading $dirName entry $index");
-                    next;
-                }
-                $valBase = 0;
-            } else {
-                $valBuff = substr($dirBuff, $valuePtr, $size);
-                $valBase = $bufPos;
-            }
-            if (defined $tagInfo and not $tagInfo) {
-                # GetTagInfo() required the value for a Condition
-                $tagInfo = $et->GetTagInfo($tagTablePtr, $tagID, \$valBuff);
-            }
-            my $val = ReadValue(\$valBuff, 0, $formatStr, $count, $size, \$rational);
-            if ($htmlDump) {
-                my $tval = $val;
-                # show numerator/denominator separately for rational numbers
-                $tval .= " ($rational)" if defined $rational;
-                my ($tagName, $colName);
-                if ($tagID == 0x927c and $dirName eq 'ExifIFD') {
-                    $tagName = 'MakerNotes';
-                } elsif ($tagInfo) {
-                    $tagName = $$tagInfo{Name};
-                } else {
-                    $tagName = sprintf("Tag 0x%.4x",$tagID);
-                }
-                my $dname = sprintf("$dirName-%.2d", $index);
-                # build our tool tip
-                my $tip = sprintf("Tag ID: 0x%.4x\n", $tagID) .
-                          "Format: $formatStr\[$count]\nSize: $size bytes\n";
-                if ($size > 8) {
-                    $tip .= sprintf("Value offset: 0x%.8x\n", $valuePtr);
-                    $colName = "<span class=H>$tagName</span>";
-                } else {
-                    $colName = $tagName;
-                }
-                $tval = substr($tval,0,28) . '[...]' if length($tval) > 32;
-                if ($formatStr =~ /^(string|undef|binary)/) {
-                    # translate non-printable characters
-                    $tval =~ tr/\x00-\x1f\x7f-\xff/./;
-                } elsif ($tagInfo and Image::ExifTool::IsInt($tval)) {
-                    if ($$tagInfo{IsOffset}) {
-                        $tval = sprintf('0x%.4x', $tval);
-                    } elsif ($$tagInfo{PrintHex}) {
-                        $tval = sprintf('0x%x', $tval);
-                    }
-                }
-                $tip .= "Value: $tval";
-                $et->HDump($entry+$bufPos, 20, "$dname $colName", $tip, 1);
-                if ($size > 8) {
-                    # add value data block
-                    my $flg = ($tagInfo and $$tagInfo{SubDirectory} and $$tagInfo{MakerNotes}) ? 4 : 0;
-                    $et->HDump($valuePtr,$size,"$tagName value",'SAME', $flg);
-                }
-            }
-            if ($tagInfo and $$tagInfo{SubIFD}) {
-                # process all SubIFD's as BigTIFF
-                $verbose > 0 and $et->VerboseInfo($tagID, $tagInfo,
-                    Table   => $tagTablePtr,
-                    Index   => $index,
-                    Value   => $val,
-                    DataPt  => \$valBuff,
-                    DataPos => $valBase + $valuePtr,
-                    Start   => 0,
-                    Size    => $size,
-                    Format  => $formatStr,
-                    Count   => $count,
-                );
-                my @offsets = split ' ', $val;
-                my $i;
-                for ($i=0; $i<scalar(@offsets); ++$i) {
-                    my $subdirName = $$tagInfo{Name};
-                    $subdirName .= $i if $i;
-                    my %subdirInfo = (
-                        RAF      => $raf,
-                        DataPos  => 0,
-                        DirStart => $offsets[$i],
-                        DirName  => $subdirName,
-                        Parent   => $dirInfo,
-                    );
-                    $et->ProcessDirectory(\%subdirInfo, $tagTablePtr, \&ProcessBigIFD);
-                }
-            } else {
-                my $tagKey = $et->HandleTag($tagTablePtr, $tagID, $val,
-                    Index   => $index,
-                    DataPt  => \$valBuff,
-                    DataPos => $valBase + $valuePtr,
-                    Start   => 0,
-                    Size    => $size,
-                    Format  => $formatStr,
-                    TagInfo => $tagInfo,
-                    RAF     => $raf,
-                );
-                $tagKey and $et->SetGroup($tagKey, $dirName);
-            }
-        }
-        last unless $dirName =~ /^(IFD|SubIFD)(\d*)$/;
-        $dirName = $1 . (($2 || 0) + 1);
-        defined $nextIFD or $et->Warn("Bad $dirName pointer"), return 0;
-        $dirStart = Image::ExifTool::Get64u(\$nextIFD, 0);
-        $dirStart or last;
-    }
-    return 1;
-}
-
-#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Extract meta information from a BigTIFF image
-# Inputs: 0) ExifTool object reference, 1) dirInfo reference
-# Returns: 1 on success, 0 if this wasn't a valid BigTIFF image
-sub ProcessBTF($$)
-{
-    my ($et, $dirInfo) = @_;
-    my $raf = $$dirInfo{RAF};
-    my $buff;
-
-    return 0 unless $raf->Read($buff, 16) == 16;
-    return 0 unless $buff =~ /^(MM\0\x2b\0\x08\0\0|II\x2b\0\x08\0\0\0)/;
-    if ($$dirInfo{OutFile}) {
-        $et->Error('ExifTool does not support writing of BigTIFF images');
-        return 1;
-    }
-    $et->SetFileType('BTF'); # set the FileType tag
-    SetByteOrder(substr($buff, 0, 2));
-    my $offset = Image::ExifTool::Get64u(\$buff, 8);
-    if ($$et{HTML_DUMP}) {
-        my $o = (GetByteOrder() eq 'II') ? 'Little' : 'Big';
-        $et->HDump(0, 8, "BigTIFF header", "Byte order: $o endian", 0);
-        $et->HDump(8, 8, "IFD0 pointer", sprintf("Offset: 0x%.8x",$offset), 0);
-    }
-    my %dirInfo = (
-        RAF      => $raf,
-        DataPos  => 0,
-        DirStart => $offset,
-        DirName  => 'IFD0',
-        Parent   => 'BigTIFF',
-    );
-    my $tagTablePtr = GetTagTable('Image::ExifTool::Exif::Main');
-    $et->ProcessDirectory(\%dirInfo, $tagTablePtr, \&ProcessBigIFD);
-    return 1;
-}
-
-1;  # end
-
-__END__
-
-=head1 NAME
-
-Image::ExifTool::BigTIFF - Read Big TIFF meta information
-
-=head1 SYNOPSIS
-
-This module is used by Image::ExifTool
-
-=head1 DESCRIPTION
-
-This module contains routines required by Image::ExifTool to read meta
-information in BigTIFF images.
-
-=head1 AUTHOR
-
-Copyright 2003-2014, Phil Harvey (phil at owl.phy.queensu.ca)
-
-This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
-under the same terms as Perl itself.
-
-=head1 REFERENCES
-
-=over 4
-
-=item L<http://www.awaresystems.be/imaging/tiff/bigtiff.html>
-
-=back
-
-=head1 SEE ALSO
-
-L<Image::ExifTool::TagNames/EXIF Tags>,
-L<Image::ExifTool(3pm)|Image::ExifTool>
-
-=cut
-

data/bin/Image-ExifTool-9.78/lib/Image/ExifTool/BuildTagLookup.pm

@@ -1,2445 +0,0 @@
-#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# File:         BuildTagLookup.pm
-#
-# Description:  Utility to build tag lookup tables in Image::ExifTool::TagLookup.pm
-#
-# Revisions:    12/31/2004 - P. Harvey Created
-#               02/15/2005 - PH Added ability to generate TagNames documentation
-#
-# Notes:        Documentation for the tag tables may either be placed in the
-#               %docs hash below or in a NOTES entry in the table itself, and
-#               individual tags may have their own Notes entry.
-#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-package Image::ExifTool::BuildTagLookup;
-
-use strict;
-require Exporter;
-
-BEGIN {
-    # prevent ExifTool from loading the user config file
-    $Image::ExifTool::configFile = '';
-    $Image::ExifTool::debug = 1; # enabled debug messages
-}
-
-use vars qw($VERSION @ISA);
-use Image::ExifTool qw(:Utils :Vars);
-use Image::ExifTool::Exif;
-use Image::ExifTool::Shortcuts;
-use Image::ExifTool::HTML qw(EscapeHTML);
-use Image::ExifTool::IPTC;
-use Image::ExifTool::XMP;
-use Image::ExifTool::Canon;
-use Image::ExifTool::Nikon;
-
-$VERSION = '2.80';
-@ISA = qw(Exporter);
-
-sub NumbersFirst;
-
-my $numbersFirst = 1;   # set to -1 to sort numbers last, or 2 to put negative numbers last
-
-# list of all tables in plug-in modules
-my @pluginTables = ('Image::ExifTool::MWG::Composite');
-
-# colors for html pages
-my $noteFont = "<span class=n>";
-my $noteFontSmall = "<span class='n s'>";
-
-my $docType = q{<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
-        "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
-};
-
-my $homePage = 'http://owl.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool';
-
-# tweak the ordering of tables in the documentation
-my %tweakOrder = (
-  # this    => comes after this
-  # -------    -----------------
-    JPEG    => '-',     # JPEG comes first
-    IPTC    => 'Exif',  # put IPTC after EXIF,
-    GPS     => 'XMP',   # etc...
-    Composite => 'Extra',
-    GeoTiff => 'GPS',
-    CanonVRD=> 'CanonCustom',
-    FLIR    => 'Casio',
-    FujiFilm => 'FLIR',
-    Kodak   => 'JVC',
-   'Kodak::IFD' => 'Kodak::Unknown',
-   'Kodak::TextualInfo' => 'Kodak::IFD',
-   'Kodak::Processing' => 'Kodak::TextualInfo',
-    Leaf    => 'Kodak',
-    Nikon   => 'Minolta',
-    NikonCustom => 'Nikon',
-    NikonCapture => 'NikonCustom',
-    Nintendo => 'NikonCapture',
-    Minolta => 'Leaf',
-    Pentax  => 'Panasonic',
-    SonyIDC => 'Sony',
-    Unknown => 'SonyIDC',
-    DNG     => 'Unknown',
-    PrintIM => 'ICC_Profile',
-    Vorbis  => 'Ogg',
-    ID3     => 'PostScript',
-    MinoltaRaw => 'KyoceraRaw',
-    KyoceraRaw => 'CanonRaw',
-    SigmaRaw => 'PanasonicRaw',
-    Lytro   => 'SigmaRaw',
-    PhotoMechanic => 'FotoStation',
-    Microsoft     => 'PhotoMechanic',
-   'Microsoft::MP'=> 'Microsoft::MP1',
-    GIMP    => 'Microsoft',
-   'Nikon::CameraSettingsD300' => 'Nikon::ShotInfoD300b',
-   'Pentax::LensData' => 'Pentax::LensInfo2',
-   'Sony::SRF2' => 'Sony::SRF',
-    DarwinCore => 'AFCP',
-   'MWG::Regions' => 'MWG::Composite',
-   'MWG::Keywords' => 'MWG::Regions',
-   'MWG::Collections' => 'MWG::Keywords',
-);
-
-# list of all recognized Format strings
-# (not a complete list, but this is all we use so far)
-# (also, formats like "var_X[Y]" are allowed for any valid X)
-my %formatOK = (
-    %Image::ExifTool::Exif::formatNumber,
-    0 => 1,
-    1 => 1,
-    real    => 1,
-    integer => 1,
-    date    => 1,
-    boolean => 1,
-    rational  => 1,
-   'lang-alt' => 1,
-    fixed16u => 1,
-    fixed16s => 1,
-    fixed32u => 1,
-    fixed32s => 1,
-    extended => 1,
-    resize   => 1,
-    digits   => 1,
-    int16uRev => 1,
-    int32uRev => 1,
-    rational32u => 1,
-    rational32s => 1,
-    pstring     => 1,
-    var_string  => 1,
-    var_int16u  => 1,
-    var_pstr32  => 1,
-    # Matroska
-    signed      => 1,
-    unsigned    => 1,
-    utf8        => 1,
-);
-
-my $caseInsensitive;    # flag to ignore case when sorting tag names
-
-# Descriptions for the TagNames documentation
-# (descriptions may also be defined in tag table NOTES)
-# Note: POD headers in these descriptions start with '~' instead of '=' to keep
-# from confusing POD parsers which apparently parse inside quoted strings.
-my %docs = (
-    PodHeader => q{
-~head1 NAME
-
-Image::ExifTool::TagNames - ExifTool tag name documentation
-
-~head1 DESCRIPTION
-
-This document contains a complete list of ExifTool tag names, organized into
-tables based on information type.  Tag names are used to reference specific
-meta information extracted from or written to a file.
-
-~head1 TAG TABLES
-},
-    ExifTool => q{
-The tables listed below give the names of all tags recognized by ExifTool.
-},
-    ExifTool2 => q{
-B<Tag ID>, B<Index#> or B<Sequence> is given in the first column of each
-table.  A B<Tag ID> is the computer-readable equivalent of a tag name, and
-is the identifier that is actually stored in the file.  B<Index#> refers to
-the location of a value when found at a fixed position within a data block
-(B<#> is the multiplier for calculating a byte offset: B<1>, B<2> or B<4>).
-B<Sequence> gives the order of values for a serial data stream.
-
-A B<Tag Name> is the handle by which the information is accessed in
-ExifTool.  In some instances, more than one name may correspond to a single
-tag ID.  In these cases, the actual name used depends on the context in
-which the information is found.  Case is not significant for tag names.  A
-question mark (C<?>) after a tag name indicates that the information is
-either not understood, not verified, or not very useful -- these tags are
-not extracted by ExifTool unless the Unknown (-u) option is enabled.  Be
-aware that some tag names are different than the descriptions printed out by
-default when extracting information with exiftool.  To see the tag names
-instead of the descriptions, use C<exiftool -s>.
-
-The B<Writable> column indicates whether the tag is writable by ExifTool.
-Anything but an C<N> in this column means the tag is writable.  A C<Y>
-indicates writable information that is either unformatted or written using
-the existing format.  Other expressions give details about the information
-format, and vary depending on the general type of information.  The format
-name may be followed by a number in square brackets to indicate the number
-of values written, or the number of characters in a fixed-length string
-(including a null terminator which is added if required).
-
-A plus sign (C<+>) after an entry in the B<Writable> column indicates a
-"list" tag which supports multiple values and allows individual values to be
-added and deleted.  A slash (C</>) indicates an "avoided" tag that is not
-created when writing if another same-named tag may be created instead.  To
-write these tags, the group should be specified.  A tilde (C<~>) indicates a
-tag this is writable only when the print conversion is disabled (by setting
-PrintConv to 0, using the -n option, or suffixing the tag name with a C<#>
-character).  An exclamation point (C<!>) indicates a tag that is considered
-unsafe to write under normal circumstances.  These "unsafe" tags are not set
-when calling SetNewValuesFromFile() or copied with the exiftool
--tagsFromFile option unless specified explicitly, and care should be taken
-when editing them manually since they may affect the way an image is
-rendered.  An asterisk (C<*>) indicates a "protected" tag which is not
-writable directly, but is written automatically by ExifTool (often when a
-corresponding Composite or Extra tag is written).  A colon (C<:>) indicates
-a mandatory tag which may be added automatically when writing.
-
-The HTML version of these tables also lists possible B<Values> for
-discrete-valued tags, as well as B<Notes> for some tags.  The B<Values> are
-listed as the computer-readable and human-readable values on the left and
-right hand side of an equals sign (C<=>) respectively.  The human-readable
-values are used by default when reading and writing, but the
-computer-readable values may be accessed by disabling the value conversion
-with the -n option on the command line, by setting the ValueConv option to 0
-in the API, or or on a per-tag basis by adding a hash (C<#>) after the tag
-name.
-
-B<Note>: If you are familiar with common meta-information tag names, you may
-find that some ExifTool tag names are different than expected.  The usual
-reason for this is to make the tag names more consistent across different
-types of meta information.  To determine a tag name, either consult this
-documentation or run C<exiftool -s> on a file containing the information in
-question.
-
-(This documentation is the result of years of research, testing and reverse
-engineering, and is the most complete metadata tag list available anywhere
-on the internet.  It is provided not only for ExifTool users, but more
-importantly as a public service to help augment the collective knowledge,
-and is often used as a primary source of information in the development of
-other metadata software.  Please help keep this documentation as accurate
-and complete as possible, and feed back any new discoveries to the source.)
-},
-    EXIF => q{
-EXIF stands for "Exchangeable Image File Format".  This type of information
-is formatted according to the TIFF specification, and may be found in JPG,
-TIFF, PNG, JP2, PGF, MIFF, HDP, PSP and XCF images, as well as many
-TIFF-based RAW images, and even some AVI and MOV videos.
-
-The EXIF meta information is organized into different Image File Directories
-(IFD's) within an image.  The names of these IFD's correspond to the
-ExifTool family 1 group names.  When writing EXIF information, the default
-B<Group> listed below is used unless another group is specified.
-
-The table below lists all EXIF tags.  Also listed are TIFF, DNG, HDP and
-other tags which are not part of the EXIF specification, but may co-exist
-with EXIF tags in some images.  Tags which are part of the EXIF 2.3
-specification have an underlined B<Tag Name> in the HTML version of this
-documentation.  See
-L<http://www.cipa.jp/std/documents/e/DC-008-2012_E.pdf> for the official
-EXIF 2.3 specification.
-},
-    GPS => q{
-These GPS tags are part of the EXIF standard, and are stored in a separate
-IFD within the EXIF information.
-
-ExifTool is very flexible about the input format when writing lat/long
-coordinates, and will accept from 1 to 3 floating point numbers (for decimal
-degrees, degrees and minutes, or degrees, minutes and seconds) separated by
-just about anything, and will format them properly according to the EXIF
-specification.
-
-Some GPS tags have values which are fixed-length strings. For these, the
-indicated string lengths include a null terminator which is added
-automatically by ExifTool.  Remember that the descriptive values are used
-when writing (eg. 'Above Sea Level', not '0') unless the print conversion is
-disabled (with '-n' on the command line or the PrintConv option in the API,
-or by suffixing the tag name with a C<#> character).
-
-When adding GPS information to an image, it is important to set all of the
-following tags: GPSLatitude, GPSLatitudeRef, GPSLongitude, GPSLongitudeRef,
-and GPSAltitude and GPSAltitudeRef if the altitude is known.  ExifTool will
-write the required GPSVersionID tag automatically if new a GPS IFD is added
-to an image.
-},
-    XMP => q{
-XMP stands for "Extensible Metadata Platform", an XML/RDF-based metadata
-format which is being pushed by Adobe.  Information in this format can be
-embedded in many different image file types including JPG, JP2, TIFF, GIF,
-EPS, PDF, PSD, IND, INX, PNG, DJVU, SVG, PGF, MIFF, XCF, CRW, DNG and a
-variety of proprietary TIFF-based RAW images, as well as MOV, AVI, ASF, WMV,
-FLV, SWF and MP4 videos, and WMA and audio formats supporting ID3v2
-information.
-
-The XMP B<Tag ID>'s aren't listed because in most cases they are identical
-to the B<Tag Name> (aside from differences in case).  Tags with different
-ID's are mentioned in the B<Notes> column of the HTML version of this
-document.
-
-All XMP information is stored as character strings.  The B<Writable> column
-specifies the information format:  C<string> is an unformatted string,
-C<integer> is a string of digits (possibly beginning with a '+' or '-'),
-C<real> is a floating point number, C<rational> is entered as a floating
-point number but stored as two C<integer> strings separated by a '/'
-character, C<date> is a date/time string entered in the format "YYYY:mm:dd
-HH:MM:SS[.ss][+/-HH:MM]", C<boolean> is either "True" or "False", C<struct>
-indicates a structured tag, and C<lang-alt> is a tag that supports alternate
-languages.
-
-When reading, C<struct> tags are extracted only if the Struct (-struct)
-option is used.  Otherwise the corresponding "flattened" tags, indicated by
-an underline (C<_>) after the B<Writable> type, are extracted.  When
-copying, by default both structured and flattened tags are available, but
-the flattened tags are considered "unsafe" so they they aren't copied unless
-specified explicitly.  The Struct option may be disabled by setting Struct
-to 0 via the API or with --struct on the command line to copy only flattened
-tags, or enabled by setting Struct to 1 via the API or with -struct on the
-command line to copy only as structures.  When writing, the Struct option
-has no effect, and both structured and flattened tags may be written.  See
-L<http://owl.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/struct.html> for more details.
-
-Individual languages for C<lang-alt> tags are accessed by suffixing the tag
-name with a '-', followed by an RFC 3066 language code (eg. "XMP:Title-fr",
-or "Rights-en-US").  (See L<http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3066.txt> for the RFC
-3066 specification.)  A C<lang-alt> tag with no language code accesses the
-"x-default" language, but causes other languages for this tag to be deleted
-when writing.  The "x-default" language code may be specified when writing
-to preserve other existing languages (eg. "XMP-dc:Description-x-default"). 
-When reading, "x-default" is not specified.
-
-The XMP tags are organized according to schema B<Namespace> in the following
-tables.  Note that a few of the longer namespace prefixes given below have
-been shortened for convenience (since the family 1 group names are derived
-from these by adding a leading "XMP-").  In cases where a tag name exists in
-more than one namespace, less common namespaces are avoided when writing.
-However, any namespace may be written by specifying a family 1 group name
-for the tag, eg) XMP-exif:Contrast or XMP-crs:Contrast.  When deciding on
-which tags to add to an image, using standard schemas such as
-L<dc|/XMP dc Tags>, L<xmp|/XMP xmp Tags>, L<iptcCore|/XMP iptcCore Tags>
-and L<iptcExt|/XMP iptcExt Tags> is recommended if possible.
-
-For structures, the heading of the first column is B<Field Name>.  Field
-names are very similar to tag names, except they are used to identify fields
-inside structures instead of stand-alone tags.  See
-L<the Field Name section of the Structured Information documentation|http://owl.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/struct.html#Fields> for more
-details.
-
-ExifTool will extract XMP information even if it is not listed in these
-tables, but other tags are not writable unless added as user-defined tags in
-the L<ExifTool config file|../config.html>.  For example, the C<pdfx> namespace doesn't have a
-predefined set of tag names because it is used to store application-defined
-PDF information, so although this information will be extracted, it is only
-writable if the corresponding user-defined tags have been created.
-
-The tables below list tags from the official XMP specification (with an
-underlined B<Namespace> in the HTML version of this documentation), as well
-as extensions from various other sources.  See
-L<http://www.adobe.com/devnet/xmp/> for the official XMP specification.
-},
-    IPTC => q{
-The tags listed below are part of the International Press Telecommunications
-Council (IPTC) and the Newspaper Association of America (NAA) Information
-Interchange Model (IIM).  This is an older meta information format, slowly
-being phased out in favor of XMP -- the newer IPTCCore specification uses
-XMP format.  IPTC information may be found in JPG, TIFF, PNG, MIFF, PS, PDF,
-PSD, XCF and DNG images.
-
-IPTC information is separated into different records, each of which has its
-own set of tags.  See
-L<http://www.iptc.org/std/IIM/4.1/specification/IIMV4.1.pdf> for the
-official IPTC IIM specification.
-
-This specification dictates a length for ASCII (C<string> or C<digits>) and
-binary (C<undef>) values.  These lengths are given in square brackets after
-the B<Writable> format name.  For tags where a range of lengths is allowed,
-the minimum and maximum lengths are separated by a comma within the
-brackets.  IPTC strings are not null terminated.  When writing, ExifTool
-issues a minor warning and truncates the value if it is longer than allowed
-by the IPTC specification. Minor errors may be ignored with the
-IgnoreMinorErrors (-m) option, allowing longer values to be written, but
-beware that values like this may cause problems for some other IPTC readers.
-
-Separate IPTC date and time tags may be written with a combined date/time
-value and ExifTool automagically takes the appropriate part of the date/time
-string depending on whether a date or time tag is being written.  This is
-very useful when copying date/time values to IPTC from other metadata
-formats.
-
-IPTC time values include a timezone offset.  If written with a value which
-doesn't include a timezone then the current local timezone offset is used
-(unless written with a combined date/time, in which case the local timezone
-offset at the specified date/time is used, which may be different due to
-changes in daylight savings time).
-
-Note that it is not uncommon for IPTC to be found in non-standard locations
-in JPEG and TIFF-based images.  When reading, the family 1 group name has a
-number added for non-standard IPTC ("IPTC2", "IPTC3", etc), but when writing
-only "IPTC" may be specified as the group.  To keep the IPTC consistent,
-ExifTool updates tags in all existing IPTC locations, but will create a new
-IPTC group only in the standard location.
-},
-    Photoshop => q{
-Photoshop tags are found in PSD and PSB files, as well as inside embedded
-Photoshop information in many other file types (JPEG, TIFF, PDF, PNG to name
-a few).
-
-Many Photoshop tags are marked as Unknown (indicated by a question mark
-after the tag name) because the information they provide is not very useful
-under normal circumstances.  These unknown tags are not extracted unless the
-Unknown (-u) option is used.  See
-L<http://www.adobe.com/devnet-apps/photoshop/fileformatashtml/> for the
-official specification
-},
-    PrintIM => q{
-The format of the PrintIM information is known, however no PrintIM tags have
-been decoded.  Use the Unknown (-u) option to extract PrintIM information.
-},
-    GeoTiff => q{
-ExifTool extracts the following tags from GeoTIFF images.  See
-L<http://www.remotesensing.org/geotiff/spec/geotiffhome.html> for the
-complete GeoTIFF specification.  These tags are not writable individually,
-but they may be copied en mass via the block tags GeoTiffDirectory,
-GeoTiffDoubleParams and GeoTiffAsciiParams.
-},
-    JFIF => q{
-The following information is extracted from the JPEG JFIF header.  See
-L<http://www.jpeg.org/public/jfif.pdf> for the JFIF 1.02 specification.
-},
-    Kodak => q{
-Many Kodak models don't store the maker notes in standard IFD format, and
-these formats vary with different models.  Some information has been
-decoded, but much of the Kodak information remains unknown.
-},
-    'Kodak SpecialEffects' => q{
-The Kodak SpecialEffects and Borders tags are found in sub-IFD's within the
-Kodak JPEG APP3 "Meta" segment.
-},
-    Minolta => q{
-These tags are used by Minolta, Konica/Minolta as well as some Sony cameras.
-Minolta doesn't make things easy for decoders because the meaning of some
-tags and the location where some information is stored is different for
-different camera models.  (Take MinoltaQuality for example, which may be
-located in 5 different places.)
-},
-    Olympus => q{
-Tags 0x0000 through 0x0103 are used by some older Olympus cameras, and are
-the same as Konica/Minolta tags.  These tags are also used for some models
-from other brands such as Acer, BenQ, Epson, Hitachi, HP, Maginon, Minolta,
-Pentax, Ricoh, Samsung, Sanyo, SeaLife, Sony, Supra and Vivitar.
-},
-    Panasonic => q{
-These tags are used in Panasonic/Leica cameras.
-},
-    Pentax => q{
-These tags are used in Pentax/Asahi cameras.
-},
-    CanonRaw => q{
-These tags apply to CRW-format Canon RAW files and information in the APP0
-"CIFF" segment of JPEG images.  When writing CanonRaw/CIFF information, the
-length of the information is preserved (and the new information is truncated
-or padded as required) unless B<Writable> is C<resize>. Currently, only
-JpgFromRaw and ThumbnailImage are allowed to change size.
-
-CRW images also support the addition of a CanonVRD trailer, which in turn
-supports XMP.  This trailer is created automatically if necessary when
-ExifTool is used to write XMP to a CRW image.
-},
-    Unknown => q{
-The following tags are decoded in unsupported maker notes.  Use the Unknown
-(-u) option to display other unknown tags.
-},
-    PDF => q{
-The tags listed in the PDF tables below are those which are used by ExifTool
-to extract meta information, but they are only a small fraction of the total
-number of available PDF tags.  See
-L<http://www.adobe.com/devnet/pdf/pdf_reference.html> for the official PDF
-specification.
-
-ExifTool supports reading and writing PDF documents up to version 1.7
-extension level 3, including support for RC4, AES-128 and AES-256
-encryption.  A Password option is provided to allow processing of
-password-protected PDF files.
-
-ExifTool may be used to write native PDF and XMP metadata to PDF files. It
-uses an incremental update technique that has the advantages of being both
-fast and reversible.  The original PDF can be easily recovered by deleting
-the C<PDF-update> pseudo-group (with C<-PDF-update:all=> on the command
-line).  However, there are two main disadvantages to this technique:
-
-1) A linearized PDF file is no longer linearized after the update, so it
-must be subsequently re-linearized if this is required.
-
-2) All metadata edits are reversible.  While this would normally be
-considered an advantage, it is a potential security problem because old
-information is never actually deleted from the file.
-},
-    DNG => q{
-The main DNG tags are found in the EXIF table.  The tables below define only
-information found within structures of these main DNG tag values.  See
-L<http://www.adobe.com/products/dng/> for the official DNG specification.
-},
-    MPEG => q{
-The MPEG format doesn't specify any file-level meta information.  In lieu of
-this, information is extracted from the first audio and video frame headers
-in the file.
-},
-    Real => q{
-ExifTool recognizes three basic types of Real audio/video files: 1)
-RealMedia (RM, RV and RMVB), 2) RealAudio (RA), and 3) Real Metafile (RAM
-and RPM).
-},
-    Extra => q{
-The extra tags represent extra information extracted or generated by
-ExifTool that is not directly associated with another tag group.  The
-B<Group> column lists the family 1 group name when reading.  Tags with a "-"
-in this column are write-only.
-
-Tags in the family 1 "System" group are referred to as "pseudo" tags because
-they don't represent real metadata in the file.  Instead, this information
-is stored in the directory structure of the filesystem.  The five writable
-"pseudo" tags (FileName, Directory, FileModifyDate, FileCreateDate and
-HardLink) may be written without modifying the file itself.  The TestName
-tag is used for dry run testing of writes to FileName.
-},
-    Composite => q{
-The values of the composite tags are B<Derived From> the values of other
-tags.  These are convenience tags which are calculated after all other
-information is extracted.  Only a few of these tags are writable directly,
-the others are changed by writing the corresponding B<Derived From> tags.
-User-defined Composite tags, also useful for custom-formatting of tag
-values, may created via the L<ExifTool configuration file|../config.html>.
-},
-    Shortcuts => q{
-Shortcut tags are convenience tags that represent one or more other tag
-names.  They are used like regular tags to read and write the information
-for a specified set of tags.
-
-The shortcut tags below have been pre-defined, but user-defined shortcuts
-may be added via the %Image::ExifTool::UserDefined::Shortcuts lookup in the
-~/.ExifTool_config file.  See the Image::ExifTool::Shortcuts documentation
-for more details.
-},
-    MWG => q{
-The Metadata Working Group (MWG) recommends techniques to allow certain
-overlapping EXIF, IPTC and XMP tags to be reconciled when reading, and
-synchronized when writing.  The MWG Composite tags below are designed to aid
-in the implementation of these recommendations.  As well, the MWG defines
-new XMP tags which are listed in the subsequent tables below.  See
-L<http://www.metadataworkinggroup.org/> for the official MWG specification.
-},
-    PodTrailer => q{
-~head1 NOTES
-
-This document generated automatically by
-L<Image::ExifTool::BuildTagLookup|Image::ExifTool::BuildTagLookup>.
-
-~head1 AUTHOR
-
-Copyright 2003-2014, Phil Harvey (phil at owl.phy.queensu.ca)
-
-This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
-under the same terms as Perl itself.
-
-~head1 SEE ALSO
-
-L<Image::ExifTool(3pm)|Image::ExifTool>
-
-~cut
-},
-);
-
-# notes for Shortcuts tags
-my %shortcutNotes = (
-    AllDates => q{
-        contrary to the shortcut name, this represents only the common EXIF
-        date/time tags.  To access all date/time tags, use Time:All instead
-    },
-    MakerNotes => q{
-        useful when copying tags between files to either copy the maker notes as a
-        block or prevent it from being copied
-    },
-    ColorSpaceTags => q{
-        standard tags which carry color space information.  Useful for preserving
-        color space when deleting all other metadata
-    },
-    CommonIFD0 => q{
-        common metadata tags found in IFD0 of TIFF-format images.  Used to simpify
-        deletion of all metadata from these images.  See
-        L<FAQ number 7|../faq.html#Q7> for details
-    },
-    Unsafe => q{
-        "unsafe" tags in JPEG images which are normally not copied.  Defined here
-        as a shortcut to use when rebuilding JPEG EXIF from scratch
-    },
-    LargeTags => q{
-        large binary data tags which may be excluded to reduce memory usage if
-        memory limitations are a problem
-    },
-);
-
-
-
-# EXIF table tag ID's which are part of the EXIF 2.3 specification
-# (used only to add underlines in HTML version of EXIF Tag Table)
-my %exifSpec = (
-    0x100 => 1,  0x212 => 1,   0x9204 => 1,  0xa217 => 1,
-    0x101 => 1,  0x213 => 1,   0x9205 => 1,  0xa300 => 1,
-    0x102 => 1,  0x214 => 1,   0x9206 => 1,  0xa301 => 1,
-    0x103 => 1,  0x8298 => 1,  0x9207 => 1,  0xa302 => 1,
-    0x106 => 1,  0x829a => 1,  0x9208 => 1,  0xa401 => 1,
-    0x10e => 1,  0x829d => 1,  0x9209 => 1,  0xa402 => 1,
-    0x10f => 1,  0x8769 => 1,  0x920a => 1,  0xa403 => 1,
-    0x110 => 1,  0x8822 => 1,  0x9214 => 1,  0xa404 => 1,
-    0x111 => 1,  0x8824 => 1,  0x927c => 1,  0xa405 => 1,
-    0x112 => 1,  0x8825 => 1,  0x9286 => 1,  0xa406 => 1,
-    0x115 => 1,  0x8827 => 1,  0x9290 => 1,  0xa407 => 1,
-    0x116 => 1,  0x8828 => 1,  0x9291 => 1,  0xa408 => 1,
-    0x117 => 1,  0x8830 => 1,  0x9292 => 1,  0xa409 => 1,
-    0x11a => 1,  0x8831 => 1,  0xa000 => 1,  0xa40a => 1,
-    0x11b => 1,  0x8832 => 1,  0xa001 => 1,  0xa40b => 1,
-    0x11c => 1,  0x8833 => 1,  0xa002 => 1,  0xa40c => 1,
-    0x128 => 1,  0x8834 => 1,  0xa003 => 1,  0xa420 => 1,
-    0x12d => 1,  0x8835 => 1,  0xa004 => 1,  0xa430 => 1,
-    0x131 => 1,  0x9000 => 1,  0xa005 => 1,  0xa431 => 1,
-    0x132 => 1,  0x9003 => 1,  0xa20b => 1,  0xa432 => 1,
-    0x13b => 1,  0x9004 => 1,  0xa20c => 1,  0xa433 => 1,
-    0x13e => 1,  0x9101 => 1,  0xa20e => 1,  0xa434 => 1,
-    0x13f => 1,  0x9102 => 1,  0xa20f => 1,  0xa435 => 1,
-    0x201 => 1,  0x9201 => 1,  0xa210 => 1,
-    0x202 => 1,  0x9202 => 1,  0xa214 => 1,
-    0x211 => 1,  0x9203 => 1,  0xa215 => 1,
-);
-# same thing for RIFF INFO tags found in the EXIF spec
-my %riffSpec = (
-    IARL => 1,  ICRD => 1,  IGNR => 1,  IPLT => 1,  ISRC => 1,
-    IART => 1,  ICRP => 1,  IKEY => 1,  IPRD => 1,  ISRF => 1,
-    ICMS => 1,  IDIM => 1,  ILGT => 1,  ISBJ => 1,  ITCH => 1,
-    ICMT => 1,  IDPI => 1,  IMED => 1,  ISFT => 1,
-    ICOP => 1,  IENG => 1,  INAM => 1,  ISHP => 1,
-);
-# same thing for XMP namespaces
-my %xmpSpec = (
-    aux       => 1,   'x'        => 1,
-    crs       => 1,    xmp       => 1,
-    dc        => 1,    xmpBJ     => 1,
-    exif      => 1,    xmpDM     => 1,
-    pdf       => 1,    xmpMM     => 1,
-    pdfx      => 1,    xmpNote   => 1,
-    photoshop => 1,    xmpRights => 1,
-    tiff      => 1,    xmpTPg    => 1,
-);
-
-#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# New - create new BuildTagLookup object
-# Inputs: 0) reference to BuildTagLookup object or BuildTagLookup class name
-sub new
-{
-    local $_;
-    my $that = shift;
-    my $class = ref($that) || $that || 'Image::ExifTool::BuildTagLookup';
-    my $self = bless {}, $class;
-    my (%subdirs, %isShortcut, %allStructs);
-    my %count = (
-        'unique tag names' => 0,
-        'total tags' => 0,
-    );
-#
-# loop through all tables, accumulating TagLookup and TagName information
-#
-    my (%tagNameInfo, %id, %longID, %longName, %shortName, %tableNum,
-        %tagLookup, %tagExists, %noLookup, %tableWritable, %sepTable,
-        %structs, %compositeModules, %isPlugin, %flattened, %structLookup);
-    $self->{TAG_NAME_INFO} = \%tagNameInfo;
-    $self->{ID_LOOKUP} = \%id;
-    $self->{LONG_ID} = \%longID;
-    $self->{LONG_NAME} = \%longName;
-    $self->{SHORT_NAME} = \%shortName;
-    $self->{TABLE_NUM} = \%tableNum;
-    $self->{TAG_LOOKUP} = \%tagLookup;
-    $self->{TAG_EXISTS} = \%tagExists;
-    $self->{FLATTENED} = \%flattened;
-    $self->{TABLE_WRITABLE} = \%tableWritable;
-    $self->{SEPARATE_TABLE} = \%sepTable;
-    $self->{STRUCTURES} = \%structs;
-    $self->{STRUCT_LOOKUP} = \%structLookup;  # lookup for Struct hash ref based on Struct name
-    $self->{COMPOSITE_MODULES} = \%compositeModules;
-    $self->{COUNT} = \%count;
-
-    Image::ExifTool::LoadAllTables();
-    my @tableNames = sort keys %allTables;
-    # add Shortcuts after other tables
-    push @tableNames, 'Image::ExifTool::Shortcuts::Main';
-    # add plug-in modules last
-    foreach (@pluginTables) {
-        push @tableNames, $_;
-        $isPlugin{$_} = 1;
-    }
-
-    my $tableNum = 0;
-    my $et = new Image::ExifTool;
-    my ($tableName, $tag);
-    # create lookup for short table names
-    foreach $tableName (@tableNames) {
-        my $short = $tableName;
-        $short =~ s/^Image::ExifTool:://;
-        $short =~ s/::Main$//;
-        $short =~ s/::/ /;
-        $short =~ s/^(.+)Tags$/\u$1/ unless $short eq 'Nikon AVITags';
-        $short =~ s/^Exif\b/EXIF/;
-        # change underlines to dashes in XMP-mwg group names
-        # (we used underlines just because Perl variables can't contain dashes)
-        $short =~ s/^XMP mwg_/XMP mwg-/;
-        $shortName{$tableName} = $short;    # remember short name
-        $tableNum{$tableName} = $tableNum++;
-    }
-    # validate DICOM UID values
-    foreach (values %Image::ExifTool::DICOM::uid) {
-        next unless /[\0-\x1f\x7f-\xff]/;
-        warn "Warning: Special characters in DICOM UID value ($_)\n";
-    }
-    # make lookup table to check for shortcut tags
-    foreach $tag (keys %Image::ExifTool::Shortcuts::Main) {
-        my $entry = $Image::ExifTool::Shortcuts::Main{$tag};
-        # ignore if shortcut tag name includes itself
-        next if ref $entry eq 'ARRAY' and grep /^$tag$/, @$entry;
-        $isShortcut{lc($tag)} = 1;
-    }
-    foreach $tableName (@tableNames) {
-        # create short table name
-        my $short = $shortName{$tableName};
-        my $info = $tagNameInfo{$tableName} = [ ];
-        my $isPlugin = $isPlugin{$tableName};
-        my ($table, $shortcut, %isOffset, %datamember, %hasSubdir);
-        if ($short eq 'Shortcuts') {
-            # can't use GetTagTable() for Shortcuts (not a normal table)
-            $table = \%Image::ExifTool::Shortcuts::Main;
-            $shortcut = 1;
-        } elsif ($isPlugin) {
-            $table = GetTagTable($tableName);
-            # don't add to allTables list because this messes our table order
-            delete $allTables{$tableName};
-            pop @tableOrder;
-        } else {
-            $table = GetTagTable($tableName);
-        }
-        my $tableNum = $tableNum{$tableName};
-        my $writeProc = $$table{WRITE_PROC};
-        my $vars = $$table{VARS} || { };
-        $longID{$tableName} = 0;
-        $longName{$tableName} = 0;
-        # save all tag names
-        my ($tagID, $binaryTable, $noID, $hexID, $isIPTC, $isXMP);
-        $isIPTC = 1 if $writeProc and $writeProc eq \&Image::ExifTool::IPTC::WriteIPTC;
-        # generate flattened tag names for structure fields if this is an XMP table
-        if ($$table{GROUPS} and $$table{GROUPS}{0} eq 'XMP') {
-            Image::ExifTool::XMP::AddFlattenedTags($table);
-            $isXMP = 1;
-        }
-        $noID = 1 if $isXMP or $short =~ /^(Shortcuts|ASF.*)$/ or $$vars{NO_ID};
-        $hexID = $$vars{HEX_ID};
-        my $processBinaryData = ($$table{PROCESS_PROC} and (
-            $$table{PROCESS_PROC} eq \&Image::ExifTool::ProcessBinaryData or
-            $$table{PROCESS_PROC} eq \&Image::ExifTool::Nikon::ProcessNikonEncrypted));
-        if ($$vars{ID_LABEL} or $processBinaryData) {
-            my $s = $$table{FORMAT} ? Image::ExifTool::FormatSize($$table{FORMAT}) || 1 : 1;
-            $binaryTable = 1;
-            $id{$tableName} = $$vars{ID_LABEL} || "Index$s";
-        } elsif ($isIPTC and $$table{PROCESS_PROC}) { #only the main IPTC table has a PROCESS_PROC
-            $id{$tableName} = 'Record';
-        } elsif (not $noID) {
-            $id{$tableName} = 'Tag ID';
-        }
-        $caseInsensitive = $isXMP;
-        $numbersFirst = 2;
-        $numbersFirst = -1 if $$table{VARS} and $$table{VARS}{ALPHA_FIRST};
-        my @keys = sort NumbersFirst TagTableKeys($table);
-        $numbersFirst = 1;
-        my $defFormat = $table->{FORMAT};
-        # use default format for binary data tables
-        $defFormat = 'int8u' if not $defFormat and $binaryTable;
-
-TagID:  foreach $tagID (@keys) {
-            my ($tagInfo, @tagNames, $subdir, @values);
-            my (@infoArray, @require, @writeGroup, @writable);
-            if ($shortcut) {
-                # must build a dummy tagInfo list since Shortcuts is not a normal table
-                $tagInfo = {
-                    Name => $tagID,
-                    Notes => $shortcutNotes{$tagID},
-                    Writable => 1,
-                    Require => { },
-                };
-                my $i;
-                for ($i=0; $i<@{$$table{$tagID}}; ++$i) {
-                    $tagInfo->{Require}->{$i} = $table->{$tagID}->[$i];
-                }
-                @infoArray = ( $tagInfo );
-            } else {
-                @infoArray = GetTagInfoList($table,$tagID);
-            }
-            foreach $tagInfo (@infoArray) {
-                my $name = $$tagInfo{Name};
-                my $format = $$tagInfo{Format};
-                # validate Name (must not start with a digit or else XML output will not be valid)
-                if ($name !~ /^[-_A-Za-z][-\w]+$/ and
-                    # single-character subdirectory names are allowed
-                    (not $$tagInfo{SubDirectory} or $name !~ /^[-_A-Za-z]$/))
-                {
-                    warn "Warning: Invalid tag name $short '$name'\n";
-                }
-                # validate list type
-                if ($$tagInfo{List} and $$tagInfo{List} !~ /^(1|Alt|Bag|Seq|array|string)$/) {
-                    warn "Warning: Unknown List type ($$tagInfo{List}) for $name in $tableName\n";
-                }
-                # accumulate information for consistency check of BinaryData tables
-                if ($processBinaryData and $$table{WRITABLE}) {
-                    # can't currently write tag if Condition accesses $valPt
-                    if ($$tagInfo{Condition} and not $$tagInfo{SubDirectory} and
-                        $$tagInfo{Condition} =~ /\$valPt/ and
-                        ($$tagInfo{Writable} or not defined $$tagInfo{Writable}))
-                    {
-                        warn "Warning: Tag not writable due to Condition - $short $name\n";
-                    }
-                    $isOffset{$tagID} = $name if $$tagInfo{IsOffset};
-                    $hasSubdir{$tagID} = $name if $$tagInfo{SubDirectory};
-                    # require DATAMEMBER for writable var-format tags, Hook and DataMember tags
-                    if ($format and $format =~ /^var_/) {
-                        $datamember{$tagID} = $name;
-                        unless (defined $$tagInfo{Writable} and not $$tagInfo{Writable}) {
-                            warn "Warning: Var-format tag is writable - $short $name\n"
-                        }
-                        # also need DATAMEMBER for tags used in length of var-sized value
-                        while ($format =~ /\$val\{(.*?)\}/g) {
-                            my $id = $1;
-                            $id = hex($id) if $id =~ /^0x/; # convert from hex if necessary
-                            $datamember{$id} = $$table{$id}{Name} if ref $$table{$id} eq 'HASH';
-                            unless ($datamember{$id}) {
-                                warn "Warning: Unknown ID ($id) used in Format - $short $name\n";
-                            }
-                        }
-                    } elsif ($$tagInfo{Hook} or ($$tagInfo{RawConv} and
-                             $$tagInfo{RawConv} =~ /\$self(->)?\{\w+\}\s*=(?!~)/))
-                    {
-                        $datamember{$tagID} = $name;
-                    }
-                    if ($format and $format =~ /\$val\{/ and
-                        ($$tagInfo{Writable} or not defined $$tagInfo{Writable}))
-                    {
-                        warn "Warning: \$var{} used in Format of writable tag - $short $name\n"
-                    }
-                }
-                if ($$tagInfo{Hidden}) {
-                    if ($tagInfo == $infoArray[0]) {
-                        next TagID; # hide all tags with this ID if first tag in list is hidden
-                    } else {
-                        next;       # only hide this tag
-                    }
-                }
-                my $writable;
-                if (defined $$tagInfo{Writable}) {
-                    $writable = $$tagInfo{Writable};
-                    # validate Writable
-                    unless ($formatOK{$writable} or  ($writable =~ /(.*)\[/ and $formatOK{$1})) {
-                        warn "Warning: Unknown Writable ($writable) - $short $name\n",
-                    }
-                } elsif (not $$tagInfo{SubDirectory}) {
-                    $writable = $$table{WRITABLE};
-                }
-                # validate some characteristics of obvious date/time tags
-                if ($$tagInfo{PrintConv} and $$tagInfo{PrintConv} eq '$self->ConvertDateTime($val)') {
-                    my @g = $et->GetGroup($tagInfo);
-                    warn "$short $name should be in 'Time' group!\n" unless $g[2] eq 'Time';
-                    if ($writable and not $$tagInfo{Shift} and $g[0] ne 'Composite' and
-                        $short ne 'PostScript')
-                    {
-                        warn "$short $name is not shiftable!\n";
-                    }
-                    if ($writable and (not $$tagInfo{PrintConvInv} or
-                        $$tagInfo{PrintConvInv} !~ /InverseDateTime/))
-                    {
-                        warn "$short $name missing InverseDateTime PrintConvInv\n";
-                    }
-                } elsif ($name =~ /DateTime(?!Stamp)/ and (not $$tagInfo{Groups}{2} or
-                    $$tagInfo{Groups}{2} ne 'Time') and $short ne 'DICOM') {
-                    warn "$short $name should be in 'Time' group!\n";
-                }
-                # validate Description (can't contain special characters)
-                if ($$tagInfo{Description} and
-                    $$tagInfo{Description} ne EscapeHTML($$tagInfo{Description}))
-                {
-                    # this is a problem because the Escape option currently only
-                    # escapes descriptions if the default Lang option isn't default
-                    warn "$name description contains special characters!\n";
-                }
-                # generate structure lookup
-                my $struct = $$tagInfo{Struct};
-                my $strTable;
-                if (ref $struct) {
-                    $strTable = $struct;
-                    $struct = $$strTable{STRUCT_NAME};
-                    if ($struct) {
-                        my $oldTable = $structLookup{$struct};
-                        if ($oldTable and $oldTable ne $strTable) {
-                            warn "Duplicate XMP structure with name $struct\n";
-                        } else {
-                            $structLookup{$struct} = $strTable;
-                        }
-                    } else {
-                        warn "Missing STRUCT_NAME for structure in $$tagInfo{Name}\n";
-                        undef $strTable;
-                    }
-                } elsif ($struct) {
-                    $strTable = $structLookup{$struct};
-                    unless ($strTable) {
-                        $struct = "XMP $struct" unless $struct =~ / /;
-                        warn "Missing $struct structure!\n";
-                        undef $struct;
-                    }
-                }
-                # validate SubIFD flag
-                my $subdir = $$tagInfo{SubDirectory};
-                my $isSub = ($subdir and $$subdir{Start} and $$subdir{Start} =~ /\$val\b/);
-                if ($$tagInfo{SubIFD}) {
-                    warn "Warning: Wrong SubDirectory Start for SubIFD tag - $short $name\n" unless $isSub;
-                } else {
-                    warn "Warning: SubIFD flag not set for $short $name\n" if $isSub;
-                }
-                if ($$tagInfo{Notes}) {
-                    my $note = $$tagInfo{Notes};
-                    # remove leading/trailing blank lines
-                    $note =~ s/^\s+//; $note =~ s/\s+$//;
-                    # remove leading/trailing spaces on each line
-                    $note =~ s/(^[ \t]+|[ \t]+$)//mg;
-                    push @values, "($note)";
-                } elsif ($isXMP and lc $tagID ne lc $name) {
-                    # add note about different XMP Tag ID
-                    if ($$tagInfo{RootTagInfo}) {
-                        push @values, "($tagID)";
-                    } else {
-                        push @values,"(called $tagID by the spec)";
-                    }
-                }
-                my $writeGroup;
-                if ($short eq 'Extra') {
-                    my @g = $et->GetGroup($tagInfo);
-                    $writeGroup = $$tagInfo{WriteOnly} ? '-' : $g[1];
-                } else {
-                    $writeGroup = $$tagInfo{WriteGroup};
-                }
-                unless ($writeGroup) {
-                    $writeGroup = $$table{WRITE_GROUP} if $writable;
-                    $writeGroup = '-' unless $writeGroup;
-                }
-                if (defined $format) {
-                    # validate Format
-                    unless ($formatOK{$format} or $short eq 'PICT' or
-                        ($format =~ /^(var_)?(.*)\[/ and $formatOK{$2}))
-                    {
-                        warn "Warning: Unknown Format ($format) for $short $name\n";
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    $format = $defFormat;
-                }
-                if ($subdir) {
-                    my $subTable = $$subdir{TagTable} || $tableName;
-                    push @values, $shortName{$subTable}
-                } elsif ($struct) {
-                    push @values, $struct;
-                    $structs{$struct} = 1;
-                }
-                my $type;
-                foreach $type ('Require','Desire') {
-                    my $require = $$tagInfo{$type};
-                    if (ref $require) {
-                        foreach (sort { $a <=> $b } keys %$require) {
-                            push @require, $$require{$_};
-                        }
-                    } elsif ($require) {
-                        push @require, $require;
-                    }
-                }
-                my $printConv = $$tagInfo{PrintConv};
-                if ($$tagInfo{Mask}) {
-                    my $val = $$tagInfo{Mask};
-                    push @values, sprintf('[Mask 0x%.2x]',$val);
-                    $$tagInfo{PrintHex} = 1 unless defined $$tagInfo{PrintHex};
-                    # verify that all values are within the mask
-                    if (ref $printConv eq 'HASH') {
-                        # convert mask if necessary
-                        if ($$tagInfo{ValueConv}) {
-                            my $v = eval $$tagInfo{ValueConv};
-                            $val = $v if defined $v;
-                        }
-                        foreach (keys %$printConv) {
-                            next if $_ !~ /^\d+$/ or ($_ & $val) == $_;
-                            my $hex = sprintf '0x%.2x', $_;
-                            warn "$short $name PrintConv value $hex is not in Mask!\n";
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-                if (ref($printConv) =~ /^(HASH|ARRAY)$/) {
-                    my (@printConvList, @indexList, $index);
-                    if (ref $printConv eq 'ARRAY') {
-                        for ($index=0; $index<@$printConv; ++$index) {
-                            next if ref $$printConv[$index] ne 'HASH';
-                            next unless %{$$printConv[$index]};
-                            push @printConvList, $$printConv[$index];
-                            push @indexList, $index;
-                            # collapse values with identical PrintConv's
-                            if (@printConvList >= 2 and $printConvList[-1] eq $printConvList[-2]) {
-                                if (ref $indexList[-2]) {
-                                    push @{$indexList[-2]}, $indexList[-1];
-                                } else {
-                                    $indexList[-2] = [ $indexList[-2], $indexList[-1] ];
-                                }
-                                pop @printConvList;
-                                pop @indexList;
-                            }
-                        }
-                        $printConv = shift @printConvList;
-                        $index = shift @indexList;
-                    }
-                    while (defined $printConv) {
-                        if (defined $index) {
-                            # (print indices of original values if reorganized)
-                            my $s = '';
-                            my $idx = $$tagInfo{Relist} ? $tagInfo->{Relist}->[$index] : $index;
-                            if (ref $idx) {
-                                $s = 's' if @$idx > 1;
-                                # collapse consecutive number ranges
-                                my ($i, @i, $rngStart);
-                                for ($i=0; $i<@$idx; ++$i) {
-                                    if ($i < @$idx - 1 and $$idx[$i+1] == $$idx[$i] + 1) {
-                                        $rngStart = $i unless defined $rngStart;
-                                        next;
-                                    }
-                                    push @i, defined($rngStart) ? "$rngStart-$i" : $i;
-                                }
-                                ($idx = join ', ', @i) =~ s/(.*),/$1 and/;
-                            } elsif (not $$tagInfo{Relist}) {
-                                while (@printConvList and $printConv eq $printConvList[0]) {
-                                    shift @printConvList;
-                                    $index = shift @indexList;
-                                }
-                                if ($idx != $index) {
-                                    $idx = "$idx-$index";
-                                    $s = 's';
-                                }
-                            }
-                            push @values, "[Value$s $idx]";
-                        }
-                        if ($$tagInfo{SeparateTable}) {
-                            $subdir = 1;
-                            my $s = $$tagInfo{SeparateTable};
-                            $s = $name if $s eq '1';
-                            # add module name if not specified
-                            $s =~ / / or ($short =~ /^(\w+)/ and $s = "$1 $s");
-                            push @values, $s;
-                            $sepTable{$s} = $printConv;
-                            # add PrintHex flag to PrintConv so we can check it later
-                            $$printConv{PrintHex} = 1 if $$tagInfo{PrintHex};
-                            $$printConv{PrintString} = 1 if $$tagInfo{PrintString};
-                        } else {
-                            $caseInsensitive = 0;
-                            my @pk = sort NumbersFirst keys %$printConv;
-                            my $n = scalar @values;
-                            my ($bits, $i);
-                            foreach (@pk) {
-                                next if $_ eq '';
-                                $_ eq 'BITMASK' and $bits = $$printConv{$_}, next;
-                                $_ eq 'OTHER' and next;
-                                my $index;
-                                if (($$tagInfo{PrintHex} or $$printConv{BITMASK}) and /^-?\d+$/) {
-                                    if ($_ >= 0) {
-                                        $index = sprintf('0x%x', $_);
-                                    } elsif ($format and $format =~ /int(16|32)/) {
-                                        # mask off unused bits of signed integer hex value
-                                        my $mask = { 16 => 0xffff, 32 => 0xffffffff }->{$1};
-                                        $index = sprintf('0x%x', $_ & $mask);
-                                    } else {
-                                        $index = $_;
-                                    }
-                                } elsif (/^[+-]?(?=\d|\.\d)\d*(\.\d*)?$/ and not $$tagInfo{PrintString}) {
-                                    $index = $_;
-                                } else {
-                                    $index = $_;
-                                    # translate unprintable values
-                                    if ($index =~ s/([\x00-\x1f\x80-\xff])/sprintf("\\x%.2x",ord $1)/eg) {
-                                        $index = qq{"$index"};
-                                    } else {
-                                        $index = qq{'$index'};
-                                    }
-                                }
-                                push @values, "$index = " . $$printConv{$_};
-                                # validate all PrintConv values
-                                if ($$printConv{$_} =~ /[\0-\x1f\x7f-\xff]/) {
-                                    warn "Warning: Special characters in $short $name PrintConv ($$printConv{$_})\n";
-                                }
-                            }
-                            if ($bits) {
-                                my @pk = sort NumbersFirst keys %$bits;
-                                foreach (@pk) {
-                                    push @values, "Bit $_ = " . $$bits{$_};
-                                }
-                            }
-                            # organize values into columns if specified
-                            my $cols = $$tagInfo{PrintConvColumns};
-                            if (not $cols and scalar(@values) - $n >= 6) {
-                                # do columns if more than 6 short entries
-                                my $maxLen = 0;
-                                for ($i=$n; $i<@values; ++$i) {
-                                    next unless $maxLen < length $values[$i];
-                                    $maxLen = length $values[$i];
-                                }
-                                my $num = scalar(@values) - $n;
-                                $cols = int(50 / ($maxLen + 2)); # (50 chars max width)
-                                # have 3 rows minimum
-                                --$cols while $cols and $num / $cols < 3;
-                            }
-                            if ($cols) {
-                                my @new = splice @values, $n;
-                                my $v = '[!HTML]<table class=cols><tr>';
-                                my $rows = int((scalar(@new) + $cols - 1) / $cols);
-                                for ($n=0; $n<@new; $n+=$rows) {
-                                    $v .= "\n  <td>";
-                                    for ($i=0; $i<$rows and $n+$i<@new; ++$i) {
-                                        $v .= "\n  <br>" if $i;
-                                        $v .= EscapeHTML($new[$n+$i]);
-                                    }
-                                    $v .= '</td><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;</td>';
-                                }
-                                push @values, $v . "</tr></table>\n";
-                            }
-                        }
-                        last unless @printConvList;
-                        $printConv = shift @printConvList;
-                        $index = shift @indexList;
-                    }
-                } elsif ($printConv and $printConv =~ /DecodeBits\(\$val,\s*(\{.*\})\s*\)/s) {
-                    $$self{Model} = '';   # needed for Nikon ShootingMode
-                    my $bits = eval $1;
-                    delete $$self{Model};
-                    if ($@) {
-                        warn $@;
-                    } else {
-                        my @pk = sort NumbersFirst keys %$bits;
-                        foreach (@pk) {
-                            push @values, "Bit $_ = " . $$bits{$_};
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-                if ($subdir and not $$tagInfo{SeparateTable}) {
-                    # subdirectories are only writable if specified explicitly
-                    my $tw = $$tagInfo{Writable};
-                    $writable = 'Y' if $tw and $writable eq '1';
-                    $writable = '-' . ($tw ? $writable : '');
-                    $writable .= '!' if $tw and ($$tagInfo{Protected} || 0) & 0x01;
-                    $writable .= '+' if $$tagInfo{List};
-                } else {
-                    # not writable if we can't do the inverse conversions
-                    my $noPrintConvInv;
-                    if ($writable) {
-                        foreach ('PrintConv','ValueConv') {
-                            next unless $$tagInfo{$_};
-                            next if $$tagInfo{$_ . 'Inv'};
-                            next if ref($$tagInfo{$_}) =~ /^(HASH|ARRAY)$/;
-                            next if $$tagInfo{WriteAlso};
-                            if ($_ eq 'ValueConv') {
-                                undef $writable;
-                            } else {
-                                $noPrintConvInv = 1;
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                    if (not $writable) {
-                        $writable = 'N';
-                    } else {
-                        $writable eq '1' and $writable = $format ? $format : 'Y';
-                        my $count = $$tagInfo{Count} || 1;
-                        # adjust count to Writable size if different than Format
-                        if ($writable and $format and $writable ne $format and
-                            $Image::ExifTool::Exif::formatNumber{$writable} and
-                            $Image::ExifTool::Exif::formatNumber{$format})
-                        {
-                            my $n1 = $Image::ExifTool::Exif::formatNumber{$format};
-                            my $n2 = $Image::ExifTool::Exif::formatNumber{$writable};
-                            $count *= $Image::ExifTool::Exif::formatSize[$n1] /
-                                      $Image::ExifTool::Exif::formatSize[$n2];
-                        }
-                        if ($count != 1) {
-                            $count = 'n' if $count < 0;
-                            $writable .= "[$count]";
-                        }
-                        $writable .= '~' if $noPrintConvInv;
-                        # add a '*' if this tag is protected or a '!' for unsafe tags
-                        if ($$tagInfo{Protected}) {
-                            $writable .= '*' if $$tagInfo{Protected} & 0x02;
-                            $writable .= '!' if $$tagInfo{Protected} & 0x01;
-                        }
-                        $writable .= '/' if $$tagInfo{Avoid};
-                    }
-                    $writable = "=struct" if $struct;
-                    $writable .= '_' if defined $$tagInfo{Flat};
-                    $writable .= '+' if $$tagInfo{List};
-                    $writable .= ':' if $$tagInfo{Mandatory};
-                    # separate tables link like subdirectories (flagged with leading '-')
-                    $writable = "-$writable" if $subdir;
-                }
-                # don't duplicate a tag name unless an entry is different
-                my $lcName = lc($name);
-                # check for conflicts with shortcut names
-                if ($isShortcut{$lcName} and $short ne 'Shortcuts' and
-                    ($$tagInfo{Writable} or not $$tagInfo{SubDirectory}))
-                {
-                    warn "WARNING: $short $name is a shortcut tag!\n";
-                }
-                $name .= '?' if $$tagInfo{Unknown};
-                unless (@tagNames and $tagNames[-1] eq $name and
-                    $writeGroup[-1] eq $writeGroup and $writable[-1] eq $writable)
-                {
-                    push @tagNames, $name;
-                    push @writeGroup, $writeGroup;
-                    push @writable, $writable;
-                }
-#
-# add this tag to the tag lookup unless NO_LOOKUP is set or shortcut or plug-in tag
-#
-                next if $shortcut or $isPlugin;
-                # count tags
-                if ($$tagInfo{SubDirectory}) {
-                    next if $$vars{NO_LOOKUP};
-                    $subdirs{$lcName} or $subdirs{$lcName} = 0;
-                    ++$subdirs{$lcName};
-                } else {
-                    ++$count{'total tags'};
-                    unless ($tagExists{$lcName} and
-                        (not $subdirs{$lcName} or $subdirs{$lcName} == $tagExists{$lcName}))
-                    {
-                        ++$count{'unique tag names'} unless $noLookup{$lcName};
-                    }
-                    # don't add to tag lookup if specified
-                    $$vars{NO_LOOKUP} and $noLookup{$lcName} = 1, next;
-                }
-                $tagExists{$lcName} or $tagExists{$lcName} = 0;
-                ++$tagExists{$lcName};
-                # only add writable tags to lookup table (for speed)
-                my $wflag = $$tagInfo{Writable};
-                next unless $writeProc and ($wflag or ($$table{WRITABLE} and
-                    not defined $wflag and not $$tagInfo{SubDirectory}));
-                $tagLookup{$lcName} or $tagLookup{$lcName} = { };
-                # add to lookup for flattened tags if necessary
-                if ($$tagInfo{RootTagInfo}) {
-                    $flattened{$lcName} or $flattened{$lcName} = { };
-                    $flattened{$lcName}{$tableNum} = $$tagInfo{RootTagInfo}{TagID};
-                }
-                # remember number for this table
-                my $tagIDs = $tagLookup{$lcName}->{$tableNum};
-                # must allow for duplicate tags with the same name in a single table!
-                if ($tagIDs) {
-                    if (ref $tagIDs eq 'HASH') {
-                        $$tagIDs{$tagID} = 1;
-                        next;
-                    } elsif ($tagID eq $tagIDs) {
-                        next;
-                    } else {
-                        $tagIDs = { $tagIDs => 1, $tagID => 1 };
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    $tagIDs = $tagID;
-                }
-                $tableWritable{$tableName} = 1;
-                $tagLookup{$lcName}->{$tableNum} = $tagIDs;
-                if ($short eq 'Composite' and $$tagInfo{Module}) {
-                    $compositeModules{$lcName} = $$tagInfo{Module};
-                }
-            }
-#
-# save TagName information
-#
-            my $tagIDstr;
-            if ($tagID =~ /^(-)?\d+(\.\d+)?$/) {
-                if ($1) {
-                    $tagIDstr = $tagID;
-                } elsif (defined $hexID) {
-                    $tagIDstr = $hexID ? sprintf('0x%.4x',$tagID) : $tagID;
-                } elsif (not $2 and not $binaryTable and not $isIPTC and
-                         not ($short =~ /^CanonCustom/ and $tagID < 256))
-                {
-                    $tagIDstr = sprintf('0x%.4x',$tagID);
-                } elsif ($tagID < 0x10000) {
-                    $tagIDstr = $tagID;
-                } else {
-                    $tagIDstr = sprintf('0x%.8x',$tagID);
-                }
-            } elsif ($short eq 'DICOM') {
-                ($tagIDstr = $tagID) =~ s/_/,/;
-            } else {
-                # convert non-printable characters to hex escape sequences
-                if ($tagID =~ s/([\x00-\x1f\x7f-\xff])/'\x'.unpack('H*',$1)/eg) {
-                    $tagID =~ s/\\x00/\\0/g;
-                    next if $tagID eq 'jP\x1a\x1a'; # ignore abnormal JP2 signature tag
-                    $tagIDstr = qq{"$tagID"};
-                } else {
-                    $tagIDstr = "'$tagID'";
-                }
-            }
-            my $len = length $tagIDstr;
-            $longID{$tableName} = $len if $longID{$tableName} < $len;
-            foreach (@tagNames) {
-                $len = length $_;
-                $longName{$tableName} = $len if $longName{$tableName} < $len;
-            }
-            push @$info, [ $tagIDstr, \@tagNames, \@writable, \@values, \@require, \@writeGroup ];
-        }
-        # do consistency check of writable BinaryData tables
-        if ($processBinaryData and $$table{WRITABLE}) {
-            my %lookup = (
-                IS_OFFSET => \%isOffset,
-                IS_SUBDIR => \%hasSubdir,
-                DATAMEMBER => \%datamember,
-            );
-            my ($var, $tagID);
-            foreach $var (sort keys %lookup) {
-                my $hash = $lookup{$var};
-                if ($$table{$var}) {
-                    foreach $tagID (@{$$table{$var}}) {
-                        $$hash{$tagID} and delete($$hash{$tagID}), next;
-                        warn "Warning: Extra $var for $short tag $tagID\n";
-                    }
-                }
-                foreach $tagID (sort keys %$hash) {
-                    warn "Warning: Missing $var for $short $$hash{$tagID}\n";
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    # save information about structures
-    my $strName;
-    foreach $strName (keys %structs) {
-        my $struct = $structLookup{$strName};
-        my $fullName = ($strName =~ / / ? '' : 'XMP ') . "$strName Struct";
-        my $info = $tagNameInfo{$fullName} = [ ];
-        my $tag;
-        foreach $tag (sort keys %$struct) {
-            my $tagInfo = $$struct{$tag};
-            next unless ref $tagInfo eq 'HASH';
-            my $writable = $$tagInfo{Writable};
-            my @vals;
-            unless ($writable) {
-                $writable = $$tagInfo{Struct};
-                ref $writable and $writable = $$writable{STRUCT_NAME};
-                if ($writable) {
-                    push @vals, $writable;
-                    $structs{$writable} = 1;
-                    $writable = "=$writable";
-                } else {
-                    $writable = 'string';
-                }
-            }
-            $writable .= '+' if $$tagInfo{List};
-            push @$info, [
-                $tag,
-                [ $$tagInfo{Name} || ucfirst($tag) ],
-                [ $writable ],
-                \@vals,
-                [], []
-            ];
-        }
-    }
-    return $self;
-}
-
-#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Rewrite this file to build the lookup tables
-# Inputs: 0) BuildTagLookup object reference
-#         1) output tag lookup module name (eg. 'lib/Image/ExifTool/TagLookup.pm')
-# Returns: true on success
-sub WriteTagLookup($$)
-{
-    local ($_, *INFILE, *OUTFILE);
-    my ($self, $file) = @_;
-    my $tagLookup = $self->{TAG_LOOKUP};
-    my $tagExists = $self->{TAG_EXISTS};
-    my $flattened = $self->{FLATTENED};
-    my $tableWritable = $self->{TABLE_WRITABLE};
-#
-# open/create necessary files and transfer file headers
-#
-    my $tmpFile = "${file}_tmp";
-    open(INFILE, $file) or warn("Can't open $file\n"), return 0;
-    unless (open(OUTFILE, ">$tmpFile")) {
-        warn "Can't create temporary file $tmpFile\n";
-        close(INFILE);
-        return 0;
-    }
-    my $success;
-    while (<INFILE>) {
-        print OUTFILE $_ or last;
-        if (/^#\+{4} Begin/) {
-            $success = 1;
-            last;
-        }
-    }
-    print OUTFILE "\n# list of tables containing writable tags\n";
-    print OUTFILE "my \@tableList = (\n";
-
-#
-# write table list
-#
-    my @tableNames = sort keys %allTables;
-    my $tableName;
-    my %wrNum;      # translate from allTables index to writable tables index
-    my $count = 0;
-    my $num = 0;
-    foreach $tableName (@tableNames) {
-        if ($$tableWritable{$tableName}) {
-            print OUTFILE "\t'$tableName',\n";
-            $wrNum{$count} = $num++;
-        }
-        $count++;
-    }
-#
-# write the tag lookup table
-#
-    my $tag;
-    # verify that certain critical tag names aren't duplicated
-    foreach $tag (qw{filename directory}) {
-        next unless $$tagLookup{$tag};
-        my $n = scalar keys %{$$tagLookup{$tag}};
-        warn "Warning: $n writable '$tag' tags!\n" if $n > 1;
-    }
-    print OUTFILE ");\n\n# lookup for all writable tags\nmy \%tagLookup = (\n";
-    foreach $tag (sort keys %$tagLookup) {
-        print OUTFILE "\t'$tag' => { ";
-        my @tableNums = sort { $a <=> $b } keys %{$$tagLookup{$tag}};
-        my (@entries, $tableNum);
-        foreach $tableNum (@tableNums) {
-            my $tagID = $$tagLookup{$tag}{$tableNum};
-            my $rootID = $$flattened{$tag}{$tableNum};
-            my $entry;
-            if (ref $tagID eq 'HASH' or $rootID) {
-                $tagID = { $tagID => 1 } unless ref $tagID eq 'HASH';
-                my @tagIDs = sort keys %$tagID;
-                foreach (@tagIDs) {
-                    if (/^\d+$/) {
-                        $_ = sprintf('0x%x',$_);
-                    } else {
-                        my $quot = "'";
-                        # escape non-printable characters in tag ID if necessary
-                        $quot = '"' if s/[\x00-\x1f,\x7f-\xff]/sprintf('\\x%.2x',ord($&))/ge;
-                        $_ = $quot . $_ . $quot;
-                    }
-                }
-                # reference to root structure ID must come first in lookup
-                # (so we can generate the flattened tags just before we need them)
-                unshift @tagIDs, "\\'$rootID'" if $rootID;
-                $entry = '[' . join(',', @tagIDs) . ']';
-            } elsif ($tagID =~ /^\d+$/) {
-                $entry = sprintf('0x%x',$tagID);
-            } else {
-                $entry = "'$tagID'";
-            }
-            my $wrNum = $wrNum{$tableNum};
-            push @entries, "$wrNum => $entry";
-        }
-        print OUTFILE join(', ', @entries);
-        print OUTFILE " },\n";
-    }
-#
-# write tag exists lookup
-#
-    print OUTFILE ");\n\n# lookup for non-writable tags to check if the name exists\n";
-    print OUTFILE "my \%tagExists = (\n";
-    foreach $tag (sort keys %$tagExists) {
-        next if $$tagLookup{$tag};
-        print OUTFILE "\t'$tag' => 1,\n";
-    }
-#
-# write module lookup for writable composite tags
-#
-    my $compositeModules = $self->{COMPOSITE_MODULES};
-    print OUTFILE ");\n\n# module names for writable Composite tags\n";
-    print OUTFILE "my \%compositeModules = (\n";
-    foreach (sort keys %$compositeModules) {
-        print OUTFILE "\t'$_' => '$$compositeModules{$_}',\n";
-    }
-    print OUTFILE ");\n\n";
-#
-# finish writing TagLookup.pm and clean up
-#
-    if ($success) {
-        $success = 0;
-        while (<INFILE>) {
-            $success or /^#\+{4} End/ or next;
-            print OUTFILE $_;
-            $success = 1;
-        }
-    }
-    close(INFILE);
-    close(OUTFILE) or $success = 0;
-#
-# return success code
-#
-    if ($success) {
-        local (*ORG, *TMP);
-        # only rename the file if something changed
-        open ORG, $file or return 0;
-        open TMP, $tmpFile or return 0;
-        my ($buff, $buf2, $changed);
-        for (;;) {
-            my $n1 = read ORG, $buff, 65536;
-            my $n2 = read TMP, $buf2, 65536;
-            $n1 eq $n2 or $changed = 1, last;
-            last unless $n1;
-            $buff eq $buf2 or $changed = 1, last;
-        }
-        close ORG;
-        close TMP;
-        if ($changed) {
-            rename($tmpFile, $file) or warn("Error renaming $tmpFile\n"), $success = 0;
-        } else {
-            unlink($tmpFile);
-        }
-    } else {
-        unlink($tmpFile);
-        warn "Error rewriting file\n";
-    }
-    return $success;
-}
-
-#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# sort numbers first numerically, then strings alphabetically (case insensitive)
-sub NumbersFirst
-{
-    my $rtnVal;
-    my ($bNum, $bDec);
-    ($bNum, $bDec) = ($1, $3) if $b =~ /^(-?[0-9]+)(\.(\d*))?$/;
-    if ($a =~ /^(-?[0-9]+)(\.(\d*))?$/) {
-        if (defined $bNum) {
-            $bNum += 1e9 if $numbersFirst == 2 and $bNum < 0;
-            my $aInt = $1;
-            $aInt += 1e9 if $numbersFirst == 2 and $aInt < 0;
-            # compare integer part as a number
-            $rtnVal = $aInt <=> $bNum;
-            unless ($rtnVal) {
-                my $aDec = $3 || 0;
-                $bDec or $bDec = 0;
-                # compare decimal part as an integer too
-                # (so that "1.10" comes after "1.9")
-                $rtnVal = $aDec <=> $bDec;
-            }
-        } else {
-            $rtnVal = -$numbersFirst;
-        }
-    } elsif (defined $bNum) {
-        $rtnVal = $numbersFirst;
-    } else {
-        my ($a2, $b2) = ($a, $b);
-        # expand numbers to 3 digits (with restrictions to avoid messing up ascii-hex tags)
-        $a2 =~ s/(\d+)/sprintf("%.3d",$1)/eg if $a2 =~ /^(APP|DMC-\w+ )?[.0-9 ]*$/ and length($a2)<16;
-        $b2 =~ s/(\d+)/sprintf("%.3d",$1)/eg if $b2 =~ /^(APP|DMC-\w+ )?[.0-9 ]*$/ and length($b2)<16;
-        $caseInsensitive and $rtnVal = (lc($a2) cmp lc($b2));
-        $rtnVal or $rtnVal = ($a2 cmp $b2);
-    }
-    return $rtnVal;
-}
-
-#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Convert our pod-like documentation to pod
-# (funny, I know, but the pod headings must be hidden to prevent confusing
-#  the pod parser)
-# Inputs: 0-N) documentation strings
-sub Doc2Pod($;@)
-{
-    my $doc = shift;
-    local $_;
-    $doc .= shift while @_;
-    $doc =~ s/\n~/\n=/g;
-    $doc =~ s/L<[^>]+?\|(http[^>]+)>/L<$1>/g; # POD doesn't support text for http links
-    $doc =~ s/L<([^>]+?)\|[^>]+\.html>/$1/g;  # remove relative HTML links
-    return $doc;
-}
-
-#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Convert our pod-like documentation to html
-# Inputs: 0) string
-sub Doc2Html($)
-{
-    my $doc = EscapeHTML(shift);
-    $doc =~ s/\n\n/<\/p>\n\n<p>/g;
-    $doc =~ s/B&lt;(.*?)&gt;/<b>$1<\/b>/sg;
-    $doc =~ s/C&lt;(.*?)&gt;/<code>$1<\/code>/sg;
-    $doc =~ s/I&lt;(.*?)&gt;/<i>$1<\/i>/sg;
-    # L<some text|http://owl.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/struct.html#Fields> --> <a href="../struct.html#Fields">some text</a> 
-    $doc =~ s{L&lt;([^&]+?)\|\Q$homePage\E/(.*?)&gt;}{<a href="../$2">$1<\/a>}sg;
-    # L<http://owl.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/struct.html> --> <a href="http://owl.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/struct.html">http://owl.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/struct.html</a>
-    $doc =~ s{L&lt;\Q$homePage\E/(.*?)&gt;}{<a href="../$1">$1<\/a>}sg;
-    # L<XMP DICOM Tags|Image::ExifTool::TagNames/XMP DICOM Tags> --> <a href="XMP.html#DICOM">XMP DICOM Tags</a>
-    # (specify "Image::ExifTool::TagNames" to link to another html file)
-    $doc =~ s{L&lt;([^&]+?)\|Image::ExifTool::TagNames/(\w+) ([^/&|]+) Tags&gt;}{<a href="$2.html#$3">$1</a>}sg;
-    # L<DICOM Tags|Image::ExifTool::TagNames/DICOM Tags> --> <a href="DICOM.html">DICOM Tags</a>
-    $doc =~ s{L&lt;([^&]+?)\|Image::ExifTool::TagNames/(\w+) Tags&gt;}{<a href="$2.html">$1</a>}sg;
-    # L<dc|/XMP dc Tags> --> <a href="#dc">dc</a>
-    # (a relative POD link turns into a relative HTML link)
-    $doc =~ s{L&lt;([^&]+?)\|/\w+ ([^/&|]+) Tags&gt;}{<a href="#$2">$1</a>}sg;
-    # L<sample config file|../config.html> --> <a href="../config.html">sample config file</a>
-    $doc =~ s/L&lt;([^&]+?)\|(.+?)&gt;/<a href="$2">$1<\/a>/sg;
-    # L<http://some.web.site/> --> <a href="http://some.web.site">http://some.web.site</a>
-    $doc =~ s/L&lt;(http.*?)&gt;/<a href="$1">$1<\/a>/sg;
-    return $doc;
-}
-
-#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Tweak order of tables
-# Inputs: 0) table list ref, 1) reference to tweak hash
-sub TweakOrder($$)
-{
-    my ($sortedTables, $tweakOrder) = @_;
-    my @tweak = sort keys %$tweakOrder;
-    while (@tweak) {
-        my $table = shift @tweak;
-        my $first = $$tweakOrder{$table};
-        if ($$tweakOrder{$first}) {
-            push @tweak, $table;    # must defer this till later
-            next;
-        }
-        delete $$tweakOrder{$table}; # because the table won't move again
-        my @moving = grep /^Image::ExifTool::$table\b/, @$sortedTables;
-        my @notMoving = grep !/^Image::ExifTool::$table\b/, @$sortedTables;
-        my @after;
-        while (@notMoving) {
-            last if $notMoving[-1] =~ /^Image::ExifTool::$first\b/;
-            unshift @after, pop @notMoving;
-        }
-        @$sortedTables = (@notMoving, @moving, @after);
-    }
-}
-
-#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Get the order that we want to print the tables in the documentation
-# Inputs: 0-N) Extra tables to add at end
-# Returns: tables in the order we want
-sub GetTableOrder(@)
-{
-    my %gotTable;
-    my @tableNames = @tableOrder;
-    my (@orderedTables, %mainTables, @outOfOrder);
-    my $lastTable = '';
-
-    while (@tableNames) {
-        my $tableName = shift @tableNames;
-        next if $gotTable{$tableName};
-        if ($tableName =~ /^Image::ExifTool::(\w+)::Main/) {
-            $mainTables{$1} = 1;
-        } elsif ($lastTable and not $tableName =~ /^${lastTable}::/) {
-            push @outOfOrder, $tableName;
-        }
-        ($lastTable) = ($tableName =~ /^(Image::ExifTool::\w+)/);
-        push @orderedTables, $tableName;
-        $gotTable{$tableName} = 1;
-        my $table = GetTagTable($tableName);
-        # recursively scan through tables in subdirectories
-        my @moreTables;
-        $caseInsensitive = ($$table{GROUPS} and $$table{GROUPS}{0} eq 'XMP');
-        $numbersFirst = -1 if $$table{VARS} and $$table{VARS}{ALPHA_FIRST};
-        my @keys = sort NumbersFirst TagTableKeys($table);
-        $numbersFirst = 1;
-        foreach (@keys) {
-            my @infoArray = GetTagInfoList($table,$_);
-            my $tagInfo;
-            foreach $tagInfo (@infoArray) {
-                my $subdir = $$tagInfo{SubDirectory} or next;
-                $tableName = $$subdir{TagTable} or next;
-                next if $gotTable{$tableName};  # next if table already loaded
-                push @moreTables, $tableName;   # must scan this one too
-            }
-        }
-        unshift @tableNames, @moreTables;
-    }
-    # clean up the order for tables which are out of order
-    # (groups all Canon and Kodak tables together)
-    my %fixOrder;
-    foreach (@outOfOrder) {
-        next unless /^Image::ExifTool::(\w+)/;
-        # only re-order tables which have a corresponding main table
-        next unless $mainTables{$1};
-        $fixOrder{$1} = [];     # fix the order of these tables
-    }
-    my (@sortedTables, %fixPos, $pos);
-    foreach (@orderedTables) {
-        if (/^Image::ExifTool::(\w+)/ and $fixOrder{$1}) {
-            my $fix = $fixOrder{$1};
-            unless (@$fix) {
-                $pos = @sortedTables;
-                $fixPos{$pos} or $fixPos{$pos} = [];
-                push @{$fixPos{$pos}}, $1;
-            }
-            push @{$fix}, $_;
-        } else {
-            push @sortedTables, $_;
-        }
-    }
-    # insert back in better order
-    foreach $pos (sort { $b <=> $a } keys %fixPos) { # (reverse sort)
-        my $fix = $fixPos{$pos};
-        foreach (@$fix) {
-            splice(@sortedTables, $pos, 0, @{$fixOrder{$_}});
-        }
-    }
-    # add the extra tables
-    push @sortedTables, @_;
-    # tweak the table order
-    TweakOrder(\@sortedTables, \%tweakOrder);
-
-    return @sortedTables;
-}
-
-#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Open HTMLFILE and print header and description
-# Inputs: 0) Filename, 1) optional category
-# Returns: True on success
-my %createdFiles;
-sub OpenHtmlFile($;$$)
-{
-    my ($htmldir, $category, $sepTable) = @_;
-    my ($htmlFile, $head, $title, $url, $class);
-    my $top = '';
-
-    if ($category) {
-        my @names = split ' ', $category;
-        $class = shift @names;
-        $htmlFile = "$htmldir/TagNames/$class.html";
-        $head = $category;
-        if ($head =~ /^\S+ .+ Struct$/) {
-            pop @names;
-        } else {
-            $head .= ($sepTable ? ' Values' : ' Tags');
-        }
-        ($title = $head) =~ s/ .* / /;
-        @names and $url = join '_', @names;
-    } else {
-        $htmlFile = "$htmldir/TagNames/index.html";
-        $category = $class = 'ExifTool';
-        $head = $title = 'ExifTool Tag Names';
-    }
-    if ($createdFiles{$htmlFile}) {
-        open(HTMLFILE, ">>${htmlFile}_tmp") or return 0;
-    } else {
-        open(HTMLFILE, ">${htmlFile}_tmp") or return 0;
-        print HTMLFILE "$docType<html>\n<head>\n<title>$title</title>\n";
-        print HTMLFILE "<link rel=stylesheet type='text/css' href='style.css' title='Style'>\n";
-        print HTMLFILE "</head>\n<body>\n";
-        if ($category ne $class and $docs{$class}) {
-            print HTMLFILE "<h2 class=top>$class Tags</h2>\n" or return 0;
-            print HTMLFILE '<p>',Doc2Html($docs{$class}),"</p>\n" or return 0;
-        } else {
-            $top = " class=top";
-        }
-    }
-    $head = "<a name='$url'>$head</a>" if $url;
-    print HTMLFILE "<h2$top>$head</h2>\n" or return 0;
-    print HTMLFILE '<p>',Doc2Html($docs{$category}),"</p>\n" if $docs{$category};
-    $createdFiles{$htmlFile} = 1;
-    return 1;
-}
-
-#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Close all html files and write trailers
-# Returns: true on success
-# Inputs: 0) BuildTagLookup object reference
-sub CloseHtmlFiles($)
-{
-    my $self = shift;
-    my $preserveDate = $$self{PRESERVE_DATE};
-    my $success = 1;
-    # get the date
-    my ($sec,$min,$hr,$day,$mon,$yr) = localtime;
-    my @month = qw(Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec);
-    $yr += 1900;
-    my $date = "$month[$mon] $day, $yr";
-    my $htmlFile;
-    my $countNewFiles = 0;
-    my $countSameFiles = 0;
-    foreach $htmlFile (keys %createdFiles) {
-        my $tmpFile = $htmlFile . '_tmp';
-        my $fileDate = $date;
-        if ($preserveDate) {
-            my @lines = `grep '<i>Last revised' $htmlFile`;
-            $fileDate = $1 if @lines and $lines[-1] =~ m{<i>Last revised (.*)</i>};
-        }
-        open(HTMLFILE, ">>$tmpFile") or $success = 0, next;
-        # write the trailers
-        print HTMLFILE "<hr>\n";
-        print HTMLFILE "(This document generated automatically by Image::ExifTool::BuildTagLookup)\n";
-        print HTMLFILE "<br><i>Last revised $fileDate</i>\n";
-        print HTMLFILE "<p class=lf><a href=";
-        if ($htmlFile =~ /index\.html$/) {
-            print HTMLFILE "'../index.html'>&lt;-- Back to ExifTool home page</a></p>\n";
-        } else {
-            print HTMLFILE "'index.html'>&lt;-- ExifTool Tag Names</a></p>\n"
-        }
-        print HTMLFILE "</body>\n</html>\n" or $success = 0;
-        close HTMLFILE or $success = 0;
-        # check for differences and only use new file if it was changed
-        # (so the date only gets updated if changes were really made)
-        my $useNewFile;
-        if ($success) {
-            open (TEMPFILE, $tmpFile) or $success = 0, last;
-            if (open (HTMLFILE, $htmlFile)) {
-                while (<HTMLFILE>) {
-                    my $newLine = <TEMPFILE>;
-                    if (defined $newLine) {
-                        next if /^<br><i>Last revised/;
-                        next if $_ eq $newLine;
-                    }
-                    # files are different -- use the new file
-                    $useNewFile = 1;
-                    last;
-                }
-                $useNewFile = 1 if <TEMPFILE>;
-                close HTMLFILE;
-            } else {
-                $useNewFile = 1;
-            }
-            close TEMPFILE;
-            if ($useNewFile) {
-                ++$countNewFiles;
-                rename $tmpFile, $htmlFile or warn("Error renaming temporary file\n"), $success = 0;
-            } else {
-                ++$countSameFiles;
-                unlink $tmpFile;   # erase new file and use existing file
-            }
-        }
-        last unless $success;
-    }
-    # save number of files processed so we can check the results later
-    $self->{COUNT}->{'HTML files changed'} = $countNewFiles;
-    $self->{COUNT}->{'HTML files unchanged'} = $countSameFiles;
-    return $success;
-}
-
-#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Write the TagName HTML and POD documentation
-# Inputs: 0) BuildTagLookup object reference
-#         1) output pod file (eg. 'lib/Image/ExifTool/TagNames.pod')
-#         2) output html directory (eg. 'html')
-# Returns: true on success
-# Notes: My apologies for the patchwork code, but this is only used to generate the docs.
-sub WriteTagNames($$)
-{
-    my ($self, $podFile, $htmldir) = @_;
-    my ($tableName, $short, $url, @sepTables, @structs);
-    my $tagNameInfo = $self->{TAG_NAME_INFO} or return 0;
-    my $idLabel = $self->{ID_LOOKUP};
-    my $shortName = $self->{SHORT_NAME};
-    my $sepTable = $self->{SEPARATE_TABLE};
-    my $structs = $self->{STRUCTURES};
-    my $structLookup = $self->{STRUCT_LOOKUP};
-    my $success = 1;
-    my $columns = 6;    # number of columns in html index
-    my $percent = int(100 / $columns);
-
-    # open the file and write the header
-    open(PODFILE, ">$podFile") or return 0;
-    print PODFILE Doc2Pod($docs{PodHeader}, $docs{ExifTool}, $docs{ExifTool2});
-    mkdir "$htmldir/TagNames";
-    OpenHtmlFile($htmldir) or return 0;
-    print HTMLFILE "<blockquote>\n";
-    print HTMLFILE "<table width='100%' class=frame><tr><td>\n";
-    print HTMLFILE "<table width='100%' class=inner cellspacing=1><tr class=h>\n";
-    print HTMLFILE "<th colspan=$columns><span class=l>Tag Table Index</span></th></tr>\n";
-    print HTMLFILE "<tr class=b><td width='$percent%'>\n";
-
-    # get the full table list, adding shortcuts and plug-in tables to the end
-    my @tableNames = GetTableOrder('Image::ExifTool::Shortcuts::Main', @pluginTables);
-
-    # get list of headings and add any missing ones
-    my $heading = 'xxx';
-    my (@tableIndexNames, @headings);
-    foreach $tableName (@tableNames) {
-        $short = $$shortName{$tableName};
-        my @names = split ' ', $short;
-        my $class = shift @names;
-        if (@names) {
-            # add heading for tables without a Main
-            unless ($heading eq $class) {
-                $heading = $class;
-                push @tableIndexNames, $heading;
-                push @headings, $heading;
-            }
-        } else {
-            $heading = $short;
-            push @headings, $heading;
-        }
-        push @tableIndexNames, $tableName;
-    }
-    @tableNames = @tableIndexNames;
-    # print html index of headings only
-    my $count = 0;
-    my $lines = int((scalar(@headings) + $columns - 1) / $columns);
-    foreach $tableName (@headings) {
-        if ($count) {
-            if ($count % $lines) {
-                print HTMLFILE "<br>\n";
-            } else {
-                print HTMLFILE "</td><td width='$percent%'>\n";
-            }
-        }
-        $short = $$shortName{$tableName};
-        $short = $tableName unless $short;
-        $url = "$short.html";
-        print HTMLFILE "<a href='$url'>$short</a>";
-        ++$count;
-    }
-    print HTMLFILE "\n</td></tr></table></td></tr></table></blockquote>\n";
-    print HTMLFILE '<p>',Doc2Html($docs{ExifTool2}),"</p>\n";
-
-    # write all the tag tables
-    while (@tableNames or @sepTables or @structs) {
-        while (@sepTables) {
-            $tableName = shift @sepTables;
-            my $printConv = $$sepTable{$tableName};
-            next unless ref $printConv eq 'HASH';
-            $$sepTable{$tableName} = 1;
-            my $notes = $$printConv{Notes};
-            if ($notes) {
-                # remove unnecessary whitespace
-                $notes =~ s/^\s+//; $notes =~ s/\s+$//;
-                $notes =~ s/(^[ \t]+|[ \t]+$)//mg;
-            }
-            my $head = $tableName;
-            $head =~ s/^.* //s;
-            close HTMLFILE;
-            if (OpenHtmlFile($htmldir, $tableName, 1)) {
-                print HTMLFILE '<p>', Doc2Html($notes), "</p>\n" if $notes;
-                print HTMLFILE "<blockquote>\n";
-                print HTMLFILE "<table class=frame><tr><td>\n";
-                print HTMLFILE "<table class='inner sep' cellspacing=1>\n";
-                my $align = ' class=r';
-                my $wid = 0;
-                my @keys;
-                foreach (sort NumbersFirst keys %$printConv) {
-                    next if /^(Notes|PrintHex|PrintString|OTHER)$/;
-                    $align = '' if $align and /[^\d]/;
-                    my $w = length($_) + length($$printConv{$_});
-                    $wid = $w if $wid < $w;
-                    push @keys, $_;
-                }
-                $wid = length($tableName)+7 if $wid < length($tableName)+7;
-                # print in multiple columns if there is room
-                my $cols = int(110 / ($wid + 4));
-                $cols = 1 if $cols < 1 or $cols > @keys or @keys < 4;
-                my $rows = int((scalar(@keys) + $cols - 1) / $cols);
-                my ($r, $c);
-                print HTMLFILE '<tr class=h>';
-                for ($c=0; $c<$cols; ++$c) {
-                    print HTMLFILE "<th>Value</th><th>$head</th>";
-                }
-                print HTMLFILE "</tr>\n";
-                for ($r=0; $r<$rows; ++$r) {
-                    print HTMLFILE '<tr>';
-                    for ($c=0; $c<$cols; ++$c) {
-                        my $key = $keys[$r + $c*$rows];
-                        my ($index, $prt);
-                        if (defined $key) {
-                            $index = $key;
-                            $prt = '= ' . EscapeHTML($$printConv{$key});
-                            if ($$printConv{PrintHex}) {
-                                $index = sprintf('0x%x',$index);
-                            } elsif ($$printConv{PrintString} or
-                                $index !~ /^[+-]?(?=\d|\.\d)\d*(\.\d*)?$/)
-                            {
-                                $index = "'" . EscapeHTML($index) . "'";
-                            }
-                        } else {
-                            $index = $prt = '&nbsp;';
-                        }
-                        my ($ic, $pc);
-                        if ($c & 0x01) {
-                            $pc = ' class=b';
-                            $ic = $align ? " class='r b'" : $pc;
-                        } else {
-                            $ic = $align;
-                            $pc = '';
-                        }
-                        print HTMLFILE "<td$ic>$index</td><td$pc>$prt</td>\n";
-                    }
-                    print HTMLFILE '</tr>';
-                }
-                print HTMLFILE "</table></td></tr></table></blockquote>\n\n";
-            }
-        }
-        last unless @tableNames or @structs;
-        my $isStruct;
-        if (@structs) {
-            $tableName = shift @structs;
-            next if $$structs{$tableName} == 2; # only list each structure once
-            $$structs{$tableName} = 2;
-            $isStruct = $$structLookup{$tableName};
-            $isStruct or warn("Missing structure $tableName\n"), next;
-            $tableName = "XMP $tableName" unless $tableName =~ / /;
-            $short = $tableName = "$tableName Struct";
-            my $maxLen = 0;
-            $maxLen < length and $maxLen = length foreach keys %$isStruct;
-            $$self{LONG_ID}{$tableName} = $maxLen;
-        } else {
-            $tableName = shift @tableNames;
-            $short = $$shortName{$tableName};
-            unless ($short) {
-                # this is just an index heading
-                print PODFILE "\n=head2 $tableName Tags\n";
-                print PODFILE Doc2Pod($docs{$tableName}) if $docs{$tableName};
-                next;
-            }
-        }
-        my $isExif = ($tableName eq 'Image::ExifTool::Exif::Main');
-        my $isRiff = ($tableName eq 'Image::ExifTool::RIFF::Info');
-        my $isXmpMain = ($tableName eq 'Image::ExifTool::XMP::Main');
-        my $info = $$tagNameInfo{$tableName};
-        my $id = $$idLabel{$tableName};
-        my ($hid, $showGrp);
-        # widths of the different columns in the POD documentation
-        my ($wID,$wTag,$wReq,$wGrp) = (8,36,24,10);
-        my ($composite, $derived, $notes, $longTags, $wasLong, $prefix);
-        if ($short eq 'Shortcuts') {
-            $derived = '<th>Refers To</th>';
-            $composite = 2;
-        } elsif ($isStruct) {
-            $derived = '';
-            $notes = $$isStruct{NOTES};
-        } else {
-            my $table = GetTagTable($tableName);
-            $notes = $$table{NOTES};
-            $longTags = $$table{VARS}{LONG_TAGS} if $$table{VARS};
-            if ($$table{GROUPS}{0} eq 'Composite') {
-                $composite = 1;
-                $derived = '<th>Derived From</th>';
-            } else {
-                $composite = 0;
-                $derived = '';
-            }
-        }
-        my $podIdLen = $self->{LONG_ID}->{$tableName};
-        if ($notes) {
-            # remove unnecessary whitespace
-            $notes =~ s/^\s+//; $notes =~ s/\s+$//;
-            $notes =~ s/(^[ \t]+|[ \t]+$)//mg;
-            if ($notes =~ /leading '(.*?_)' which/) {
-                $prefix = $1;
-                $podIdLen -= length $prefix;
-            }
-        }
-        if ($podIdLen <= $wID) {
-            $podIdLen = $wID;
-        } elsif ($short eq 'DICOM') {
-            $podIdLen = 10;
-        } else {
-            # align tag names in secondary columns if possible
-            my $col = ($podIdLen <= 10) ? 12 : 20;
-            $podIdLen = $col if $podIdLen < $col;
-        }
-        if ($id) {
-            ($hid = "<th>$id</th>") =~ s/ /&nbsp;/g;
-            $wTag -= $podIdLen - $wID;
-            $wID = $podIdLen;
-            my $longTag = $self->{LONG_NAME}->{$tableName};
-            if ($wTag < $longTag) {
-                if ($wID - $longTag + $wTag >= 6) { # don't let ID column get too narrow
-                    $wID -= $longTag - $wTag;
-                    $wTag = $longTag;
-                }
-                $wasLong = 1 if $wID <= $self->{LONG_ID}->{$tableName};
-            }
-        } elsif ($composite) {
-            $wTag += $wID - $wReq;
-            $hid = '';
-        } else {
-            $wTag += 9;
-            $hid = '';
-        }
-        if ($short eq 'EXIF' or $short eq 'Extra') {
-            $derived = '<th>Group</th>';
-            $showGrp = 1;
-            $wGrp += 8 if $short eq 'Extra';    # tweak Group column width for "Extra" tags
-            $wTag -= $wGrp + 1;
-        }
-        my $head = ($short =~ / /) ? 'head3' : 'head2';
-        my $str = $isStruct ? '' : ' Tags';
-        print PODFILE "\n=$head $short$str\n";
-        print PODFILE Doc2Pod($docs{$short}) if $docs{$short};
-        print PODFILE "\n", Doc2Pod($notes), "\n" if $notes;
-        my $line = "\n";
-        if ($id) {
-            # shift over 'Index' heading by one character for a bit more balance
-            $id = " $id" if $id eq 'Index';
-            $line .= sprintf "  %-${wID}s", $id;
-        } else {
-            $line .= ' ';
-        }
-        my $tagNameHeading = ($short eq 'XMP') ? 'Namespace' : ($isStruct?'Field':'Tag').' Name';
-        $line .= sprintf " %-${wTag}s", $tagNameHeading;
-        $line .= sprintf " %-${wReq}s", $composite == 2 ? 'Refers To' : 'Derived From' if $composite;
-        $line .= sprintf " %-${wGrp}s", 'Group' if $showGrp;
-        $line .= ' Writable';
-        print PODFILE $line;
-        $line =~ s/^(\s*\w.{6}\w) /$1\t/;   # change space to tab after long ID label (eg. "Sequence")
-        $line =~ s/\S/-/g;
-        $line =~ s/- -/---/g;
-        $line =~ tr/\t/ /;                  # change tab back to space
-        print PODFILE $line,"\n";
-        close HTMLFILE;
-        OpenHtmlFile($htmldir, $short) or $success = 0;
-        print HTMLFILE '<p>',Doc2Html($notes), "</p>\n" if $notes;
-        print HTMLFILE "<blockquote>\n";
-        print HTMLFILE "<table class=frame><tr><td>\n";
-        print HTMLFILE "<table class=inner cellspacing=1>\n";
-        print HTMLFILE "<tr class=h>$hid<th>$tagNameHeading</th>\n";
-        print HTMLFILE "<th>Writable</th>$derived<th>Values / ${noteFont}Notes</span></th></tr>\n";
-        my $rowClass = 1;
-        my $infoCount = 0;
-        my $infoList;
-        foreach $infoList (@$info) {
-            ++$infoCount;
-            my ($tagIDstr, $tagNames, $writable, $values, $require, $writeGroup) = @$infoList;
-            my ($align, $idStr, $w, $tip);
-            my $wTag2 = $wTag;
-            if (not $id) {
-                $idStr = '  ';
-            } elsif ($tagIDstr =~ /^-?\d+(\.\d+)?$/) {
-                $w = $wID - 3;
-                $idStr = sprintf "  %${w}g    ", $tagIDstr;
-                $align = " class=r";
-            } else {
-                $tagIDstr =~ s/^'$prefix/'/ if $prefix;
-                $w = $wID;
-                my $over = length($tagIDstr) - $w;
-                if ($over > 0) {
-                    # shift over tag name if there is room
-                    if ($over <= $wTag - length($$tagNames[0])) {
-                        $wTag2 -= $over;
-                        $w += $over;
-                    } else {
-                        # put tag name on next line if ID is too long
-                        $idStr = "  $tagIDstr\n   " . (' ' x $w);
-                        if ($longTags) {
-                            --$longTags;
-                        } else {
-                            warn "Notice: Split $$tagNames[0] line\n";
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-                $idStr = sprintf "  %-${w}s ", $tagIDstr unless defined $idStr;
-                $align = '';
-            }
-            my @reqs;
-            my @tags = @$tagNames;
-            my @wGrp = @$writeGroup;
-            my @vals = @$writable;
-            my $wrStr = shift @vals;
-            my $subdir;
-            my @masks = grep /^\[Mask 0x[\da-f]+\]/, @$values;
-            my $tag = shift @tags;
-            # if this is a subdirectory or structure, print subdir name (from values) instead of writable
-            if ($wrStr =~ /^[-=]/) {
-                $subdir = 1;
-                if (@masks) {
-                    # combine any mask into the format string
-                    $wrStr .= " & $1" if $masks[0] =~ /(0x[\da-f]+)/;
-                    shift @masks;
-                    @vals = grep !/^\[Mask 0x[\da-f]+\]/, @$values;
-                } else {
-                    @vals = @$values;
-                }
-                # remove Notes if subdir has Notes as well
-                shift @vals if $vals[0] =~ /^\(/ and @vals >= @$writable;
-                foreach (@vals) { /^\(/ and $_ = '-' }
-                my $i;  # fill in any missing entries from non-directory tags
-                for ($i=0; $i<@$writable; ++$i) {
-                    $vals[$i] = $$writable[$i] unless defined $vals[$i];
-                    if (@masks) {
-                        $vals[$i] .= " & $1" if $masks[0] =~ /(0x[\da-f]+)/;
-                        shift @masks;
-                    }
-                }
-                if ($$sepTable{$vals[0]}) {
-                    $wrStr =~ s/^[-=]//;
-                    $wrStr = 'N' unless $wrStr;
-                } elsif ($$structs{$vals[0]}) {
-                    my $flags = $wrStr =~ /([+_]+)$/ ? $1 : '';
-                    $wrStr = "$vals[0] Struct$flags";
-                } else {
-                    $wrStr = $vals[0];
-                }
-                shift @vals;
-            } elsif ($wrStr and $wrStr ne 'N' and @masks) {
-                # fill in missing entries if masks are different
-                my $mask = shift @masks;
-                while (@masks > @vals) {
-                    last if $masks[@vals] eq $mask;
-                    push @vals, $wrStr;
-                    push @tags, $tag if @tags < @vals;
-                }
-                # add Mask to Writable column in POD doc
-                $wrStr .= " & $1" if $mask =~ /(0x[\da-f]+)/;
-            }
-            printf PODFILE "%s%-${wTag2}s", $idStr, $tag;
-            warn "Warning: Pushed $tag\n" if $id and length($tag) > $wTag2;
-            printf PODFILE " %-${wGrp}s", shift(@wGrp) || '-' if $showGrp;
-            if ($composite) {
-                @reqs = @$require;
-                $w = $wReq; # Keep writable column in line
-                length($tag) > $wTag2 and $w -= length($tag) - $wTag2;
-                printf PODFILE " %-${w}s", shift(@reqs) || '';
-            }
-            printf PODFILE " $wrStr\n";
-            my $numTags = scalar @$tagNames;
-            my $n = 0;
-            while (@tags or @reqs or @vals) {
-                my $more = (@tags or @reqs);
-                $line = '  ';
-                $line .= ' 'x($wID+1) if $id;
-                $line .= sprintf("%-${wTag2}s", shift(@tags) || '');
-                $line .= sprintf(" %-${wReq}s", shift(@reqs) || '') if $composite;
-                $line .= sprintf(" %-${wGrp}s", shift(@wGrp) || '-') if $showGrp;
-                ++$n;
-                if (@vals) {
-                    my $val = shift @vals;
-                    # use writable if this is a note
-                    my $wrStr = $$writable[$n];
-                    if ($subdir and ($val =~ /^\(/ or $val =~ /=/ or ($wrStr and $wrStr !~ /^[-=]/))) {
-                        $val = $wrStr;
-                        if (defined $val) {
-                            $val =~ s/^[-=]//;
-                        } else {
-                            # done with tag if nothing else to print
-                            last unless $more;
-                        }
-                    }
-                    if (defined $val) {
-                        $line .= " $val";
-                        if (@masks) {
-                            $line .= " & $1" if $masks[0] =~ /(0x[\da-f]+)/;
-                            shift @masks;
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-                $line =~ s/\s+$//;  # trim trailing white space
-                print PODFILE "$line\n";
-            }
-            my @htmlTags;
-            foreach (@$tagNames) {
-                push @htmlTags, EscapeHTML($_);
-            }
-            if (($isExif and $exifSpec{hex $tagIDstr}) or
-                ($isRiff and $tagIDstr=~/(\w+)/ and $riffSpec{$1}) or
-                ($isXmpMain and $tagIDstr=~/([-\w]+)/ and $xmpSpec{$1}))
-            {
-                # underline "unknown" makernote tags only
-                my $n = $tagIDstr eq '0x927c' ? -1 : 0;
-                $htmlTags[$n] = "<u>$htmlTags[$n]</u>";
-            }
-            $rowClass = $rowClass ? '' : " class=b";
-            my $isSubdir;
-            if ($$writable[0] =~ /^[-=]/) {
-                $isSubdir = 1;
-                s/^[-=](.+)/$1/ foreach @$writable;
-            }
-            # add tooltip for hex conversion of Tag ID
-            if ($tagIDstr =~ /^0x[0-9a-f]+$/i) {
-                $tip = sprintf(" title='$tagIDstr = %u'",hex $tagIDstr);
-            } elsif ($tagIDstr =~ /^(\d+)(\.\d*)?$/) {
-                $tip = sprintf(" title='%u = 0x%x'", $1, $1);
-            } else {
-                $tip = '';
-                # use copyright symbol in QuickTime UserData tags
-                $tagIDstr =~ s/^"\\xa9/"&copy;/;
-            }
-            # add tooltip for special writable attributes
-            my $wtip = '';
-            my %wattr = (
-                '_' => 'Flattened',
-                '+' => 'List',
-                '/' => 'Avoided',
-                '~' => 'Writable only with -n',
-                '!' => 'Unsafe',
-                '*' => 'Protected',
-                ':' => 'Mandatory',
-            );
-            my ($wstr, %hasAttr, @hasAttr);
-            foreach $wstr (@$writable) {
-                next unless $wstr =~ m{([+/~!*:_]+)$};
-                my @a = split //, $1;
-                foreach (@a) {
-                    next if $hasAttr{$_};
-                    push @hasAttr, $_;
-                    $hasAttr{$_} = 1;
-                }
-            }
-            if (@hasAttr) {
-                $wtip = " title='";
-                my $n = 0;
-                foreach (@hasAttr) {
-                    $wtip .= "\n" if $n;
-                    $wtip .= " $_ = $wattr{$_}";
-                    ++$n;
-                }
-                $wtip .= "'";
-            }
-            # print this row in the tag table
-            print HTMLFILE "<tr$rowClass>\n";
-            print HTMLFILE "<td$align$tip>$tagIDstr</td>\n" if $id;
-            print HTMLFILE "<td>", join("\n  <br>",@htmlTags), "</td>\n";
-            print HTMLFILE "<td class=c$wtip>",join('<br>',@$writable),"</td>\n";
-            print HTMLFILE '<td class=n>',join("\n  <br>",@$require),"</td>\n" if $composite;
-            print HTMLFILE "<td class=c>",join('<br>',@$writeGroup),"</td>\n" if $showGrp;
-            print HTMLFILE "<td>";
-            if (@$values) {
-                if ($isSubdir) {
-                    my ($smallNote, @values);
-                    foreach (@$values) {
-                        if (/^\(/) {
-                            # set the note font
-                            $smallNote = 1 if $numTags < 2;
-                            push @values, ($smallNote ? $noteFontSmall : $noteFont) . "$_</span>";
-                            next;
-                        }
-                        # make text in square brackets small
-                        if (/^\[/) {
-                            if (s/^\[!HTML\]//) {
-                                push @values, $_;
-                            } else {
-                                push @values, "<span class=s>$_</span>";
-                            }
-                            next;
-                        }
-                        /=/ and push(@values, $_), next;
-                        my @names = split;
-                        my $suffix = ' Tags';
-                        if ($$sepTable{$_}) {
-                            push @sepTables, $_;
-                            $suffix = ' Values';
-                        }
-                        # handle structures specially
-                        if ($$structs{$_}) {
-                            # assume XMP module for this struct unless otherwise specified
-                            unshift @names, 'XMP' unless / /;
-                            push @structs, $_;  # list this later
-                            $suffix = ' Struct';
-                        }
-                        $url = (shift @names) . '.html';
-                        @names and $url .= '#' . join '_', @names;
-                        push @values, "--&gt; <a href='$url'>$_$suffix</a>";
-                    }
-                    # put small note last
-                    $smallNote and push @values, shift @values;
-                    print HTMLFILE join("\n  <br>",@values);
-                } else {
-                    my ($close, $br) = ('', '');
-                    foreach (@$values) {
-                        if (s/^\[!HTML\]//) {
-                            print HTMLFILE $close if $close;
-                            print HTMLFILE $_;
-                            $close = $br = '';
-                        } else {
-                            if (/^\(/) {
-                                # notes can use POD syntax
-                                $_ = $noteFont . Doc2Html($_) . "</span>";
-                            } else {
-                                $_ = EscapeHTML($_);
-                            }
-                            $close or $_ = "<span class=s>$_", $close = '</span>';
-                            print HTMLFILE $br, $_;
-                            $br = "\n  <br>";
-                        }
-                    }
-                    print HTMLFILE $close if $close;
-                }
-            } else {
-                print HTMLFILE '&nbsp;';
-            }
-            print HTMLFILE "</td></tr>\n";
-        }
-        warn "$longTags unaccounted-for long tags in $tableName\n" if $longTags;
-        if ($wasLong and not defined $longTags) {
-            warn "Notice: Long tags in $tableName table\n";
-        }
-        unless ($infoCount) {
-            printf PODFILE "  [no tags known]\n";
-            my $cols = 3;
-            ++$cols if $hid;
-            ++$cols if $derived;
-            print HTMLFILE "<tr><td colspan=$cols class=c><i>[no tags known]</i></td></tr>\n";
-        }
-        print HTMLFILE "</table></td></tr></table></blockquote>\n\n";
-    }
-    close(HTMLFILE) or $success = 0;
-    CloseHtmlFiles($self) or $success = 0;
-    print PODFILE Doc2Pod($docs{PodTrailer}) or $success = 0;
-    close(PODFILE) or $success = 0;
-    return $success;
-}
-
-1;  # end
-
-
-__END__
-
-=head1 NAME
-
-Image::ExifTool::BuildTagLookup - Build ExifTool tag lookup tables
-
-=head1 DESCRIPTION
-
-This module is used to generate the tag lookup tables in
-Image::ExifTool::TagLookup.pm and tag name documentation in
-Image::ExifTool::TagNames.pod, as well as HTML tag name documentation.  It
-is used before each new ExifTool release to update the lookup tables and
-documentation, but it is not used otherwise.
-
-=head1 SYNOPSIS
-
-  use Image::ExifTool::BuildTagLookup;
-
-  $builder = new Image::ExifTool::BuildTagLookup;
-
-  $ok = $builder->WriteTagLookup('lib/Image/ExifTool/TagLookup.pm');
-
-  $ok = $builder->WriteTagNames('lib/Image/ExifTool/TagNames.pod','html');
-
-=head1 MEMBER VARIABLES
-
-=over 4
-
-=item PRESERVE_DATE
-
-Flag to preserve "Last revised" date in HTML files.  Set before calling
-WriteTagNames().
-
-=item COUNT
-
-Reference to hash containing counting statistics.  Keys are the
-descriptions, and values are the numerical counts.  Valid after
-BuildTagLookup object is created, but additional statistics are added by
-WriteTagNames().
-
-=back
-
-=head1 AUTHOR
-
-Copyright 2003-2014, Phil Harvey (phil at owl.phy.queensu.ca)
-
-This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
-under the same terms as Perl itself.
-
-=head1 SEE ALSO
-
-L<Image::ExifTool(3pm)|Image::ExifTool>,
-L<Image::ExifTool::TagLookup(3pm)|Image::ExifTool::TagLookup>,
-L<Image::ExifTool::TagNames(3pm)|Image::ExifTool::TagNames>
-
-=cut